А.А. Sharepo, A.O. Shatohina - Томский политехнический

Transcription

А.А. Sharepo, A.O. Shatohina
GRAMMAR
AND VOCABULARY
PRACTICE
TOMSK POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY
A.A.Sharepo
A.O.Shatohina
GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY PRACTICE
Recommended for publishing by the Editorial Board
of the Tomsk Polytechnic University
Tomsk Polytechnic University Publishing House
2012
ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ АГЕНСТВО ПО ОБРАЗОВАНИЮ
Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования
«НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЙ
ТОМСКИЙ ПОЛИТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»
A.A. Шарепо
А.О. Шатохина
ЛЕКСИКО-ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЙ ПРАКТИКУМ ПО
СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТИ «РЕГИОНОВЕДЕНИЕ»
Рекомендовано в качестве учебного пособия
Редакционно-издательским советом
Томского политехнического университета Издательство
Томского политехнического университета
2012
УДК 811.111 '36(076.5)
ББК Ш143.21-923
Ш257
Шарепо А.А., Шатохина А.О.
Ш257 Лексико-грамматический практикум для студентов 1-2 курса
специальности «Регионоведение»/Шарепо А.А., Шатохина А.О.; Томский политехнический университет. - Томск: Изд-во Томского политехнического университета, 2012. - 96 с.
Данное пособие предназначено для студентов 1 курса Гуманитарного факультета Национального Исследовательского Томского Политехнического Университета, обучающихся на специальности 032301 Регионоведение (Востоковедение).
Учебник включает 6 разделов, соответствующих рабочей программе «Иностранный язык» для студентов 1 - 5 курсов специальности «Регионоведение», а
именно 1. Appearance and Character; 2. Food and Eating Habits; 3. Accommodation и
т.д. Каждый раздел соответствует следующей структуре: Lead-in, Reading, Vocabulary and Grammar Practice, Tests. Наличие тестов в каждом из разделов позволяет использовать данное пособие не только для отработки материала, но и для контроля.
В пособие включены задания и тексты уровня Intermediate и Upper Intermediate, а так же задания, соответствующие формату экзамена FCE, что позволяет использовать его для подготовки к данному экзамену.
УДК 811.Ш'36(076.5)
ББК Ш143. 21-923
Рецензенты:
Кандидат исторических наук, доцент ТГУ
О. С.Ульянова
Кандидат педагогических наук, доцент ТГПУ
О.Н.Игна
© ГОУ ВПО «Национально исследовательский
Томский политехнический университет», 2012
© Шарепо А.А., Шатохина А.О., 2012
© Оформление. Издательство Томского
политехнического университета, 2012
4
CONTENTS:
1. CHARACTER AND APPEARANCE
2. FOOD AND EATING HABITS
3. ACCOMMODATION
4. SPORTS AND HOBBIES
5. TRAVELLING AND MODES OF TRANSPORT
6. CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS
5
6
16
26
37
50
61
MODULE 1 CHARACTER AND APPEARANCE
Lead-in
1. What does the term "stereotype" mean?
2. Can you tell about stereotypes contributed to any nation and well-known all over the world?
3. What stereotypes do you know about Russia?
Reading
Racial Stereotypes
Sticks and stones will break my bones, but names will never hurt me. Our era has
moved beyond this proverb, which parents teach vulnerable children. Forget sticks - we
worry now about deadly weapons. Forget names - we all have to deal with racial and ethnic stereotypes. Stereotypes are proverbial generalizations broadcast by the powerful media of the modern era.
The term stereotype, now used with reference to our society's old problem with nasty names, was developed when, at the outset of the modern industrial age in 1798, two European printers invented a new way to reproduce images that would fix them permanently.
The image-setting process was called stereotyping, and in time the word stereotype came
to apply to the fixing of intellectual, as opposed to printed images. One's stereotype of a
jet, for instance, wipes away the marks of specific makes in order to stand in for all jets.
Stereotypes simplify real images in order to make a generalization. All peoples produce
stereotyped ideas in order to create a shorthand form of communication among them.
All peoples also produce racial stereotypes about themselves and others. That is,
people simplify the intellectual images they maintain of specific ethnic groups, including
their own, often in cruel or damaging ways. Stereotypes simplify real images in order to
make a generalization. Immigrant Italians ("Wops") are said to be short, oily, and hottempered. Upper-class whites ("WASPs') are said to be greedy, emotionally cold and
haughty. Negroes ("Niggers") are said to be stupid, promiscuous, and happy. These generalizations are not accurate, but they are spread widely- not only by word of mouth but also
through images in television, movies, newspapers, music, comic books, talk shows, and
even textbooks. These media make stereotypes, whose dissemination was once confined to
oral transmission from one person to another; seem more like factual knowledge than personal opinion.
Perhaps the most chilling aspect of racial stereotyping is that members of groups being characterized sometimes come to believe the generalizations' damaging simplifications. Members of target groups may even try to fulfill the stereotypes. The media regularly depicts people of African descent as drug dealers and teen mothers, and so it is not surprising when young black artists also adopt the roles of thugs. Even stereotypes that include positive human attributes can warp people. For instance, if the dominant culture emphasizes that men of African descent are excellent athletes or entertainers, the glamour
associated with these professions may influence the youth of that group. They may try to
fulfill a simplified stereotype of their potential rather than develop other traits. That is the
force of stereotypes.
1. Read the statements and mark them as True or False.
1. Stereotypes are proverbial generalizations broadcast by people of the modern era.
2. The term stereotype was developed in 1798.
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3. Stereotypes simplify unreal images in order to make a generalization.
4. Immigrant Italians ("Wops") are said to be short, oily, and hot-tempered. .
5. Afro-Americans are said to be clever, promiscuous, and happy.
6. The generalizations are very accurate.
7. Even stereotypes that include negative human attributes can warp people.
8. Stereotypes may try to fulfill a simplified stereotype of their potential rather than develop
other traits.
Vocabulary Practice
1 Match the synonyms.
A. mixed
B. feelingless
C. not fast
D. obese
E. quick - tempered
F. silly
G. with a red neck
H. cheerful
I. envious
J. insolent
1. fat
2. red-necked
3. hot-tempered
4. greedy
5. emotionally cold
6. haughty
7. stupid
8. promiscuous
9. slow
10. happy
2. Match the words with the description.
bad-tempered
determined
reliable
cheerful
frank
mean
selfish
considerate
punctual
honest
1. You always arrive on time.
2. You are always happy.
3. You do what you say you will do.
4. You say exactly what you say.
5. You don't think about the needs of others.
6. You have a strong wish to get what you want.
7. You are unkind, or not willing to spend money.
8. You easily become angry with others.
9. You think about the needs of others.
10. You tell the truth and obey the law.
3. Choose the most suitable word.
1. People don't push. It's very bad-tempered/rude/ kind.
2. Jack hates spending money. He is rather frank/cheerful/mean.
3. Our teacher is very strict/proud/selfish and won't let us talk in class.
4. Helen never does her homework. She is rather gentle/lazy/honest.
5. I didn't talk to anyone at the party because I felt ambitious/ shy/punctual.
6. John won the lottery and I felt jealous/lazy/brave.
7. I don't like people who are noisy and aggressive/courageous/sociable.
8. Thank you for bringing up a present. It was very shy/thoughtful/mean of you.
9. Ann never gets angry with children. She is very brave/patient/selfish.
10 Nick always pays for everyone when we go out. He is so cheerful/honest/ generous.
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4. Fill in each space with an appropriate word from the list.
Nervous
Formal
embarrassed
amusing
enjoyable
typical
bad-tempered usual ordinary
anxious
shy afraid tiresome ashamed sympathetic
Culture shock
Penny, a friend of mine, has just got back from a trip to Japan. She had a very ... (1)
time but there were occasions, she says, when the rather ... (2) behaviour of her hosts led
to moments of cultural confusion, and at times she even felt ... (3) by some of the mistakes she made. For example, it is ... (4) for Europeans to call each other by their first
names, but this is not the ... (5) way of addressing people in Japan. Now, because Penny
was . (6) to show everyone how friendly she was, she called everyone by their first
name. Most people were . (7) because she was obviously a foreigner but some became
quite ... (8) and showed little sympathy.
At first, Penny found bowing to people quite . (9) - she is, after all, an actress - but
after a while it became a bit ... (10) having to bow everyone you met.
Penny is not at all ... (11) - she loves meeting new people- but after the first few
misunderstandings she was ... (12) to open her mouth in case she offended someone. I
myself am quite an experienced traveler, but I would feel . (13) about putting my foot in
it in Japan because there even ... (14) people observe the most elaborate rules of social
behaviour - silence for example is nothing to be ... (15) of in Japanese culture, but in the
West we get very worried if there are even short periods of silence at social gatherings.
5. Fill in: for, at, of, in, about, to, by, with. Then make sentences.
1. afraid ... sth;
2. amused . smth;
3. angry . sb;
4. annoyed . sb . smth;
5 . anxious . sth;
6. ashamed . sb;
7. bored ... smth/sb;
8 . brilliant . smth;
9. close . sb;
10. delighted ... sth;
11. disappointed ... sth/sb;
12. excited ... sth;
13. faithful . sb;
14. friendly . sb;
15. frightened . sth;
16. furious . sb . smth;
17. grateful ... sb ... sth;
18. jealous ... sb;
19. nervous . sth;
20. pleased . sb;
21. proud ... sth;
22. rude ... sb;
23. sensitive ... sth;
24. upset ... sth.
8
6. Word formation
Suffix
FUL "careful"
LESS. "careless"
Meaning/use
paying attention
ABLE "drinkable"
IBLE "sensible"
not paying
enough attention
safe to drink.
reasonable
IVE "active"
doing things
OUS "famous"
well known
IC, Y, ISH. economic, healthy, quality of adj ectives
childish
AL, ANT, ENT.
national, quality of adj ectives
arrogant, dependent,
Example
She's careful about what she
eats.
You shouldn't be so careless
when you drive.
Is the water drinkable here?
I think that's a very sensible
suggestion.
It was an active holiday in
the mountains.
She's a famous singer.
He is a healthy person.
She is rather arrogant.
Complete the second sentence, using an appropriate form of the underlined words.
1. It was an evening I will always remember. It was a ... evening.
2. We had a marvelous time. I will never forget it. It was ...
3. She's always forgetting things. She's very ...
4. That water is. good enough to drink. It is ...
5. I find her novels easy to read. Her novels are ...
6. His ideas are practical and they make sense. His ideas are ...
7. This injection will cause you a little pain. This injection will be a little ...
8. I can understand her reaction. Her reaction was ...
9. He easily tolerate other people's opinions. He is ...
10. She showed such courage, didn't she? She was . , wasn't she?
7. Complete the text with the correct derivative of the words in bold. The first one
has been done as an example.
Bruce is definitely a (0) sociable (social) man. He has a lot of friends because he is
always (1) ... (cheer), (2) ... (rely) and ready to help anyone in need. When it comes to
(3) ... (danger) situations. For example, a few weeks ago he saved a little boy's life by
pulling him out of the path of a speeding truck.
When it comes to giving advice, he is always very (4) ... (help) and (5) ... (support).
However, he can be rather (6) ... (aggression), especially when he is driving - sometimes
he drives so (7) ... (care) that his friends are too (8) ... (fright) to get in the car with him.
On the whole, Bruce is very (9) .... (act) and (10) ... (sense) ...
8. Key Word Transformation
Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word in bold.
"I feel very ill", he said to her.
complained. He complained of feeling very ill.
1. "I promise I'll send you a postcard", Julie said to Mike.
promised Julie
Mike a postcard.
9
2. "I will send you to your room if you don't apologise", she said to him.
threatened She
to his room if he didn't apologise.
3. "Would you like to come to dinner on Friday? «they said to us.
invited They
to dinner on Friday.
4. "What an amazing garden!" said Marie.
exclaimed Marie
an amazing garden.
5. "I'm sorry I interrupted the meeting", he said to her.
for He
the meeting.
6. "You must finish that report by five o'clock", she said to me.
on She
the report by five o'clock.
7. "No, I won't give you any more pocket money", Dad said to Steve.
refused Dad
any more pocket money.
8. "Let's go for a picnic this afternoon", Mum said.
going Mum
that afternoon.
9. "I didn't leave the tap on", she said.
denied. She
the tap on.
10. "Don't forget to pack your swimming costumes", Mum said to us.
reminded. Mum
our swimming costumes.
TEST. 1 VARIANT
1. Read the text and mark the sentences as true, false or doesn't say.
1. Christianity played an important role in the emergence of new family pattern.
2. The Christian Church didn't want young people to remain unmarried and to enter religious orders.
3. It was very popular for women to get married and borne children.
4. The Church approved the exposure of infants and opposed concubinage, polygyny, arranged marriages, marriages with close kin, and divorce.
5. The inhabitants in Europe included such nonrelatives as pages and servants.
6. Relatives often didn't share beds and used different rooms for working, entertaining,
cooking, eating, storage, and sleeping.
7. Women only brought up children.
8. Family life was strong.
9. People never remarried.
10 Protestant countries recognized a right to divorce with remarriage only for men.
10
Development of the Western family
Christianity played a critical role in the emergence of new family pattern. Western
European families placed an emphasis on the bond between husband and wife, as opposed
to broader kinship relationships.
The Christian Church encouraged young people to remain unmarried and to enter religious orders. During the early Christian era, a growing number of women in Western Europe never married or bore children. The Church also condemned the exposure of infants
and opposed concubinage, polygyny, arranged marriages, marriages with close kin, and
divorce.
During the Middle Ages in Europe the wealthiest households could contain forty or
more people. These inhabitants included such nonrelatives as pages and servants. But the
average medieval household was much smaller, containing about four or five members.
Most families lived in cramped houses. Relatives often shared beds and used the same
rooms for working, entertaining, cooking, eating, storage, and sleeping.
Medieval households were productive units. Wives cooked, preserved food, made
textiles, clothes, tended gardens. In addition to farming, many husbands engaged in such
crafts as carpentry, ironworking, and barrel-making.
Family life was unstable. Famine, plagues, and other calamities caused a radical decline in population. Economic pressures forced many parents to send their children away
from home at young ages, often before the age of eight. Because of the high death rate,
many people remarried. Consequently, numerous medieval families contained stepparents
and stepchildren.
During the 1500's, Protestant reformers often criticized the Roman Catholic Church
for permitting certain family practices. These practices included allowing young people to
marry without parental consent, forbidding clergy to marry, and prohibiting divorce and
remarriage when marriages broke down. Protestant countries recognized a right to divorce
with remarriage in case of abandonment, adultery, and extreme physical cruelty.
2. For questions 1-15, read the text below and decide which answer A, B, C or D best
fits each space.
FENG SHUI
Recently, the Feng Shui business has been 0) booming as more and more people 1)
... an interest in Asian culture and lifestyles. Whether people are 2) ... Feng Shui experts
or simply buying books and trying it out for themselves, there is no 3) ... that, in the West,
in the last few years the idea of Feng Shui has really 4) ... off.
So what exactly is Feng Shui? Well, it is a Chinese art form that is concerned 5) ...
the way you arrange the rooms and the furniture in your house. It is believed that organizing these things correctly will 6) . you happiness and good luck.
In the UK there are currently about 300 Feng Shui consultants. They will 7) ... to
your house or office and give you advice 8) ... on your lifestyle and date of birth. According to one such expert, I 9) ... install an aquarium with six black and one red goldfish in
my living room in order 10) ... absorb bad vibes. He also told me to 11) ... attention to
one of my windows. He advised me to put plants on the window sill to 12) ... the loss of
positive energy. The real "weak spot" in my house, however, was the cooker. He reassured me that hanging some dried vegetables above it would solve the 13) ...
Whether you 14) ... in the power of Feng Shui or not, it is certainly having a major
impact on the 15) ... thousands of people organize their homes.
11
0 A. starting
1 A. take
2 A. requesting
3 A. worry
4 A. taken
5 A. in
6 A. carry
7 A. call
8 A. based
9 A. ought
10 A. for
11 A. give
12 A. keep
13 A. fault
14 A. believe
15 A. point
B. booming
B. do
B. asking
B. fear
B. driven
B. of
B. bring
B. come
B. put
B. need
B. as
B. have
B. delay
B. error
B. accept
B. manner
C. opening
C. make
C. consulting
C. problem
C. made
C. with
C. make
C. visit
C. held
C. must
C. that
C. pay
C. finish
C. problem
C. agree
C. style
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
enriching
give
advising
doubt
started
through
give
look
carried
have
to
put
prevent
mistake
rely
way
3. Word Formation
Tom Hanks is a very 1) ... actor and has starred in.
FAME
many popular films, including Sleepness in Seattle and
Philadelphia.
Although he is in his early forties, his 2) ...
YOUTH
good looks make him appear younger than he is.
Tom hanks is a 3) ... person who likes being.
CHARM
around people. He is also 4) ... and is not afraid.
CARE
to show his feelings for those who are close to him.
His love for his family is apparent when he talks about them.
In his free time, Tom Hanks enjoys doing many 5) ...
INTEREST
things. He is quite a 6) ... person who likes to be busy
REST
all the time. For example, he loves writing scripts as well as directing films.
He has many fans who admire him a lot because
he is a 7) ... man who hasn't let success change him.
TALENT
1. "No, I won't tell him," he said.
refused.
He
him.
2. "You stole the money from my bag," she said to Mark.
accused.
She
the money from her bag.
3. "Did you enjoy yourself at the party?" he said.
if
He asked me
at the party.
4. "Yes, I broke the vase", he said.
admitted.
He
the vase.
5. "Would you like me to open the door for you?" he asked.
12
offered
He
the door for me.
6. "I'll wash the dishes later", she said.
promised
She
the dishes later.
7. "Could you pass me those books?" she said to him.
asked
She
her the books.
8. "Don't touch the wet paint", he said to them.
warned
He
the wet paint.
9. "I'm sorry I shouted at you", he said.
apologised. He
at me.
10. " Where did you put my jacket?" she said to me.
had. She asked me
jacket.
TEST. 2 VARIANT
1. Read the text and mark the sentences as true, false or doesn't say.
1. Non-Western families were only nuclear.
2. All kinds of societies have produced several extended family traditions. .
3. The three major kinds of societies are known as patrilineal, matrilineal, and bilateral
kinship.
4. All kinds of societies had the same origin.
5. India, China, and various African countries had the patrilineal kind of society.
6. In cultures with a bilateral kinship system, such as that of the Inuit (Eskimos), a couple
might join only the husband's father's family.
7. Forms of marriage and responsibilities have also differed across cultures and traditions.
8. A child marriage was supposed to be the most popular type.
9. Not many cultures permitted divorce and remarriage long before Western countries legalized such practices.
10 It was possible to have arranged marriages in China and India.
Non-Western families.
Traditionally, non-Western societies have attached less importance to the nuclear
family than to the larger family network. People in this network, which is often called the
lineage, clan, or tribe, trace their descent to a common ancestor. In many parts of the
world, kinship ties determine whom one can and cannot marry and where one lives after
marriage. Different kinds of societies have produced different extended family traditions.
three major kinds of societies are known as patrilineal, matrilineal, and bilateral kinship.
In patrilineal societies (India, China, and various African countries), husband and wife
commonly reside with the husband's father and his kin after marriage. In matrilineal, such
as the Navajo and the Pueblo of the American Southwest, a husband joins his wife's
mother's household. Within matrilineal societies, a mother's older brother often has responsibility for disciplining children and offering advice about marriage. In cultures with a
bilateral kinship system, such as that of the Inuit (Eskimos), a couple might join either the
13
husband's father's family or the wife's mother's family, or form an independent household.
Forms of marriage have also differed across cultures. Many societies, such as those
of China and India, also practiced arranged marriages and child marriage (marriage at or
before puberty). Numerous non-western cultures permitted divorce and remarriage long
before Western countries legalized such practices. As societies allow more personal
choice, child marriage, arranged marriages, polygyny, and concubinage have become less
common.
2. For questions 1-15, read the text below and decide which answer A, B, C or D best
fits each space.
Colour and Communication
Colour, although only a small 0) part of our communication system, plays a large
role. Whether you are designing Web 1) ..., buying clothes or decorating your kitchen,
your 2) ... of colours sends a definite message to other people, and they will respond to it
in a 3) ... way. Every colour has a different 4) on people, and the practice of correct colour
selection is a delicate 5) ... To further complicate matters, the effects of colours change, as
times and fashions change.
Certain colours also mean different things in different cultures. For example, in the
United States, blue is thought to be a relaxing colour. Tests reveal that the colour blue 6)
... blood pressure, calms viewers and gives them a sense of 7) ... In Middle Eastern countries, however, blue is believed to be a protective colour and people 8) ... their front doors
blue to ward off. 9) ... spirits.
Colour communication is an essential part of how we see the world. In western societies, we know that a jester is comical and playful because he 10) ... In bright red, green,
blue and yellow. The colour black, however, is 11) ... with boredom or evil, and white
with purity and light. The colour orange is friendly, relaxing and peaceful, whereas 12) ...
yellow is a happy colour. Research. 13) ... That all human beings make a subconscious
judgments about a person or item within the first 90 seconds of 14) ... it, and 62% to 90%
of that assessment is 15) ... on colour alone.
0 A. portion
1 A. covers
2 A. choice
3 A. separate
4 A. idea
5 A. method
6 A. lowers
7 A. caution
8 A. shade
9 A. mean
10 A. outfits
11 A. associated
12 A. strong
13 A. exhibits
14 A. viewing
15 A. established
B. part
B. papers
B. option
B. certain
B. sense
B. talent
B. drops
B. security
B. decorate
B. evil
B. clothes
B. matched
B. powerful
B. displays
B. seeing
B . constructed
C. piece.
C. pages
C. decision
C. clear
C. force
C. art
C. sinks
C. guarantee
C. coat
C. cruel
C. dresses
C. joined
C. loud
C. shows
C. watching
C. based
14
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
factor.
sheets
pick
obvious
effect
ability
lessens
defence
paint
wicked
wears
grouped
bright
uncovers
looking
balanced
3. Word Formation
The secret of being happy
I've spent years studying happiness and one of the most 1)
SIGNIFY
conclusions is that there is hardly any connection between the circumstances of people's
lives and how happy they are.
We all know people who have a 2) ... easy life, yet are
RELATE
always 3) ... , and others who have suffered great hardships.
MISERY
but remain happy. The first secret is gratitude. 4) ... people.
GRATEFUL
can't be happy. We think that being unhappy leads people to complain. It is truer to say
that finding cause is more 5)
VALUE
and it leads to unhappiness. The second secret is a 6) ...
CARE
realization that happiness is a by-product of 7) ... people.
ACT
that gives the life meaning.
1. "Stop fighting or I'll take you to the headmaster", the teacher said to them.
threatened The teacher
to the headmaster if they didn't stop fighting.
2. "I have a headache", Mum said.
complained. Mum
a headache.
3. "You should exercise regularly", the doctor said to him.
Advised
The doctor
regularly.
4. "No, I didn't read your diary", Chris said.
denied.
Chris
my diary.
5. "Can I see the manager?" he said.
whether
He asked
the manager.
6. "Don't forget to pay the bills", she said to Tom.
reminded.
She
7. "Let's bake the cake at the weekend", she said.
suggested.
She
the bills.
at the weekend.
8. "Stand up!" the general said to the soldier.
ordered.
The general
9. "Yes, I'll drive you home", he said.
agreed.
He
stand up.
me home.
10. "Don't touch those wires!" she said.
warned.
She
the wires.
15
MODULE 2. FOOD AND EATING HABITS
Lead-in
1. What are your preferences in food?
2. What are your favourite dishes/fruit/vegetables/drinks?
3. Should people eat meat or become vegetarians? Give your ideas.
4. Do European and Asian cuisines differ? What are the basic peculiarities of eating habits
in Asian countries?
Reading
Southeast Asian Cooking
The food is truly art in Southeast Asia: tastes mingle with subtle complexity, and
presentation is spectacular. The region stretches east from India and Bangladesh to the
southern border of China, encompassing the mainland countries of Burma, Thailand,
Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, and the island countries of Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. Each country has its history cooked into its dishes. For example, in Indonesia and
Malaysia the prevalence of Islam has virtually eliminated pork from the diet; Vietnamese
food retains the flavors of centuries of French occupation; and Filipino food enhances a
local palate with Spanish and American accents. While the countries maintain distinct
identities, they also have a great deal in common, and their cuisines share histories as well
as many staple ingredients and methods of cooking.
The food of any region is not only the result of what ground and climate will produce, but also of who has been there, what powers have influenced it, how poor or wealthy
the people are, and what its sensibilities prefer. The major influences on Southeast Asian
cuisines have been exerted by China from the East (the wok, noodles) and India (curries)
from the West. Perhaps the most profound impact on the religion's cooking was made in
the 16th century, when the Portuguese brought the chile from the Americas. Today the
fiery chile provides signature heat in a Southeast Asian meal.
A standard Southeast Asian meal has no courses. All the parts of a meal are presented at once and eaten together. As in Chinese cuisine, the cook (who is, in most homes, a
woman) strives for a harmonious balance of textures, temperatures and flavors: sweet,
sour, salty, bitter. In Thailand, people eat with a spoon, knife, for; in Indonesia, Malaysia,
and Singapore, people eat with their (right) hands, and spoons are used for serving. Vietnam is unique in the region for eating with chopsticks.
1. Read the statements and mark them as True or False.
1. The food is an ordinary thing in Southeast Asia.
2. Indonesia and Malaysia have expelled pork from the diet.
3. Vietnamese food has the flavors of centuries of French occupation.
4. All these countries have nothing in common in cuisine.
5. The food of any region depends on its ground and climate.
6. The major factors in Southeast Asian cuisines have been exerted by China from the
East.
7. A standard Southeast Asian meal has no obligatory dishes.
8. The cook (who is, in most homes, a woman) doesn't pay attention to a harmonious balance of textures, temperatures and flavors.
16
Vocabulary Practice
1. Fill in the blanks. The first letter of each missing word has been given.
A vegetarian is someone who eats only 1) v ... , bread, fruit, eggs, and doesn't eat 2)
m ... However, some do eat 3) f ... which I find strange. Others eat chicken but not 4) r
... meat. A vegan doesn't eat meat, fish, or any 5) d ... products such as eggs, milk and. 6)
c They do eat fruit and 7) n ... A 8) g ... knows a lot about food and enjoys good food and
9) w ... A 10) c ... is someone who prepares and cooks food in a hotel or restaurant ...
2. Complete the chart below by adding the words in the list.
thyme
Nectarine
Satsuma
trout
Mackerel
rosemary
Coconut
fig
Mincemeat smoked salmon
Spinach
cucumber
Prawn
watermelon
Aubergine pork
Vegetables
Fish
salmon
squid
mutton
shrimp
chives
beef
lobster
sardine
Herbs
apple
lettuce
courgette
cabbage
liver
strawberry
cod
salami
Seafood
mussel
plaice
basil
bacon
chicken
grape
parsley
mango
Fruit
lamb
oregano
plum
cauliflower
chop
joint
sausage
octopus
Meat
3. Complete the chart with the words from the list.
roast beef
prawn crackers
tapas
tiramisu
popcorn
samosas
houmous
Spain
Britain
hot dog
bocadillo
ciabatta
paella
moussaka
souvlaki
tortilla
curry
shepherd's pie
kebab
chop suey
pumpkin pie
biryani
spring roll
Greece
China
17
Italy
spaghetti Bolognese
apple crumble and custard
hamburger
tagliatelli
onion bhaji
sweet and sour
fish and chips
India
USA
4. Match the dishes (1-8) with a set of ingredients (a-h).
1. shepherd's pie
a. mincemeat, onion, tomato paste, red wine, pasta
2. paella
b. apples, walnuts, celery or lettuce , mayonnaise
3. pizza
c. mincemeat, sliced aubergines, tomatoes, onions, cheese sauce
4. moussaka
d. chicken, onion, spices, chilli, rice
5. spaghetti Bolognese e. bread dough, tomato, onion, cheese, anchovies, olives
6. spring roll
f. mincemeat, carrots, onions, gravy, mashed potato
7. Waldorf salad
g. bean sprouts, chopped vegetables, pork, pancake, hot oil
8. biryani
h. seafood, rice, chicken, onion, saffron
5. Put the correct form of the verbs in the list into the sentences.
bake roast barbecue
boil casserole
grill steam fry.
1. It's best to ... an omelette in a deep pan.
2. Potatoes are delicious if you ... them in their jackets.
3. ... vegetables are healthier than boiled ones.
4. ... meat tastes better if you cook it slowly in the oven.
5. Put butter on trout before you ... it under a strong heat.
6. Tough meat is easier to cook if you ... it in the oven with vegetables.
7. Do you think the British ... their cabbage for far too long?
8. I love the smell of ... lamb chops from next-door's garden.
6. Match the food (1-10) with words from the list. You may use the words more than once
Minced chopped spiced
mashed
grated sliced
1. meat
6. curry
2. onions
7. bananas
3. potatoes
8. tomato
4. cheese
9. carrots
5. bread
10 apple
7. Find out the odd word in each line.
1. meal. food. cuisine. feast. corkscrew
2. wine. starter. main course. appetizer. dessert
3. boil. fry. bake. bowl. grill
4. slice. boil. chop. grate. peel.
5. salty. savoury. pan. sweet. bitter
6. dish. meal. bowl. plate. cup
7. courgette. mushroom. bean. plum. broccoli
8. bill. tip. receipt. menu. cheque
8. Read the text and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap.
The Low-Down and Low-Fat Labelling
When you walk around a supermarket 0) these days you can easily be dazzled 1) ...
all the food labels claiming to be "fat-free" or "light", but are these foods as healthy 2) ...
they claim to be? Unfortunately, when you look more closely, 3) ... becomes clear that
they are not. For example, a product that claims to 4) ... 80% fat free is simply a product
that contains 20% fat, actually quite a high fat content. The 5) ... goes for so-called light
foods.
18
Products 6) ... as sausages and mayonnaise that are naturally high 7) ... fat can be
labelled "light" even if 8) ... fat content is only slightly reduced. Another problem is that.
"low in fat" 9) ... sometimes also mean low in taste.
So, to make 10) ... for this, some manufacturers add a lot 11) ... salt and sugar to
their low-fat products than is needed. This makes them 12) ... bad as, if not worse than,
the full fat equivalent. In the UK, the government is preparing the guidelines that would
strictly control 13) ... use of phrase like "low-fat" and "light" on food packaging, but until
these come 14) ... effect don't believe everything you read on the label.
If something looks 15) ... good to be true, it probably is.
9. Word formation
-ed adjectives
-ing adjectives
have the same form as past participles. The have the same form as the present partici- ed adjective tells us how a person feels:
ple. The - ing adjective tells us about the
effect that something or someone has on our
The worried parents waited anxiously for feelings:
news.
It was a disappointing film.
These adjectives don't end in - ed if the That was a satisfying meal.
past participle is irregular:
She died of a broken heart.
Choose the correct - ed or - ing adjectives in the following text.
School report shocks parents
Teachers are finding it increasingly difficult to control classes of young pupils, says
a report published yesterday. The evidence from the 100 schools which were involved in
the study is not (1) encouraged/encouraging. The report paints a (2) depressing/depressed picture of schools up and down the country, with teachers feeling (3) disappointed/disappointing not only by students' results in tests but by the (4) worrying/worried increase in violent behaviour in class and in the playground. "I am worn out
at the end of the day; my job is (5) exhausted/exhausting, I can tell you", complained one
teacher. One of the most (6) disturbed/disturbing revelations is the use of drugs by youngsters. Although teachers were not totally (7) surprised/surprising by the findings, parents
are (8) worried/worrying; some even described the report as (9) shocked/shocking and
demanded immediate action. Pupils who were asked to comment on the report said they
found school (10) uninterested/uninteresting; they blamed teachers for teaching (11) boring/bored lessons. The report is particularly (12) embarrassed/embarrassing for the Minister of Education who claimed recently that British education is "the best in the world»
10. Answer the following questions using. - ed or - ing adjectives. Write about your own ideas.
1. What do you think about the destruction of the rain forests?
2. How would you feel if you climbed Mount Everest?
3. If you failed the exam, how would you feel?
4. What do you think of people who drop litter?
5. What do your parents think of your parents?
19
6. If you were flying to New York tomorrow, how would you feel?
7. Whenever you see a beggar, how do you feel?
8. What do you think of sport on television?
9. When the bus or train is late, how do you feel?
10 How would you feel if someone found you cheating?
1. You will be late for school unless you leave now.
if
You will be late for school
now.
2. If you touch the iron, you will burn your fingers.
else Don't touch the iron.
burn your fingers.
3. I don't think it's a good idea to buy that jacket.
were. If
I wouldn't buy that j acket.
4. I want to have a party, but my flat isn't big enough.
wish I
big enough for me to have a party.
5. You shouldn't go out tonight: you have to go to school tomorrow.
better You
out tonight: you have to go to school tomorrow.
6. John would prefer to eat pizza rather than chips.
rather.
John
pizza than chips.
7. Jane regrets spending all that money on new clothes.
wishes.
Jane
all that money on new clothes.
8. It's a pity I didn't make it to your wedding.
wish. I
it to your wedding.
9. Colin wishes he hadn't missed the bus; now he is late for work.
missed.
If Colin
the bus, he wouldn't be late for work.
10 If the weather gets better, we'll go on sailing trip tomorrow.
provided.
We'll go on a sailing trip,
20
better tomorrow.
TEST. 1 VARIANT
1. You are going to read a newspaper article about unhealthy food. Six paragraphs have been removed from the article. Choose from paragraphs A-G the one
which fits each gap. 1-5. There is one extra paragraph which you don't need to use.
There is an example at the beginning (0).
Junk Food
• today's fast-moving world, people have less a n d less time to
; : e n d eating, let alone cooking. It is probably for this reason
-at junk f o o d has b e c o m e so popular, a n d there's no d o u b t
•at it's here to stay. In fact, it seems that y o u simply can't get
•.ay from it. One British hotel g r o u p recently a n n o u n c e d that
: guests are able to order fast f o o d through r o o m service, a
A
Recent research has s h o w n that y o u n g French
people, w h o prefer burgers a n d chips to rich
g o u r m e t dishes, t e n d t o b e c o m e overweight.
Weight g a i n e d in a d o l e s c e n c e is extremely hard to
lose in later life, so researchers are predicting that
the new French generation are not g o i n g t o b e
a d m i r e d for their slim figures as the French have
traditionally been.
В
Basically, it is anything that is high in c a l o r i e s but
lacking in nutrition. Hamburgers, crisps, chocolate
bars a n d hot d o g s fall into this category. Pizzas,
although they can have vegetable a n d c h e e s e t o p p i n g s , are also included as they contain a lot of fat.
С
Not all junk f o o d is b a d for your health, however.
S o m e h a m b u r g e r s , for example, are very high in
nutrients a n d low in fat. It is just a question of finding o u t what g o e s into the f o o d before y o u d e c i d e
t o eat it,
D
Apart f r o m the risk of cancer, another side effect of
c o n s u m i n g highly fattening junk f o o d is that y o u
are likely to gain weight. This is especially true
b e c a u s e y o u t e n d to eat more, as junk f o o d is less
s a t i s f y i n g a n d lower in vital nutrients than healthier f o o d .
E
You c a n gain anything from g l o w i n g skin t o a n allr o u n d feeling of g o o d health. One w a y or another,
the vast majority of p e o p l e s e e m to be missing out
o n this, d u e mainly to the pressures of m o d e r n life.
F
What is more, y o u don't have t o exercise m u c h t o
gain v i s i b l e b e n e f i t s . Doctors say that twenty minutes' exercise three times a w e e k is all that is necessary.
G
He explains that p e o p l e are t o o busy t o c o o k a n d
eat proper meals, so they g r a b whatever is available
a n d that is usually junk food. Also, the style
of life represented o n TV, especially in m u s i c
videos, is fast. Y o u n g p e o p l e p i c k u p t h e i d e a that
s p e e d m e a n s excitement, w h e r e a s anything traditional is slow a n d boring. As a result, they turn
d o w n traditional f o o d a n d g o for junk f o o d instead.
•ove which is seen by many as signifying a new era in the
: o u c h p o t a t o lifestyle. So what exactly is junk food?
Tsviously, a diet of junk f o o d is not the best thing for your
"ralth, particularly as it is high in s a t u r a t e d fat. In 1993. the
. :urnal of the National Cancer Institute reported this type of fat
: be associated with a greater risk of cancer.
best advice, then, for those w h o cannot live without their
- a m b u r g e r s or chocolate bars, is to limit the a m o u n t of junk
• : o d they eat. A little n o w a n d then will probably do no harm. But
ny have our eating habits changed? "It's lack of time and l o s s
: ' tradition," says o n e expert.
- n o t h e r a l a r m i n g thing about people's lifestyles today is that
nile the amount of junk f o o d w e eat has i n c r e a s e d , the
i m o u n t of exercise w e d o has actually decreased. Exercise
э ays an important part in keeping the b o d y fit and healthy: it
~elps to c o n t r o l our weight and. if taken regularly, can also
:ecrease our chances of having a heart attack in later life.
E^en t h o u g h people nowadays are actually far more aware of
:ne importance of exercise and a healthy diet than they were a
; ew
years ago. the new unhealthy way of life is surprisingly pop-
.. ar. This is i l l u s t r a t e d by statistics gathered by researchers
j v e r the past two d e c a d e s .
Researchers suggest that the new generation will be m u c h
•riore likely to suffer from heart a n d liver disease. What can't be
emphasised e n o u g h is the fact that a balanced diet a n d regular
exercise bring significant health benefits.
'onically, if they were to m a k e time to exercise a n d i m p r o v e
n e i r eating habits, they w o u l d probably find that they were far
setter e q u i p p e d to deal with their s t r e s s f u l lifestyles than they
21
2. Error correction
Read the text below and look carefully at each line. If the line is correct, put a
plus (+). If it has a word which should not be there, write out this word, as in the example.
Did you know that what you eat can have been a
drastic effect on how you feel? We all know
that what we eat it affects us physically but did
you know some foods affect us mentally, too?
Studies
have been shown that chocolate can lift your spirits
and make you feel happier. However, the effect 1
lasts only for a short time. The high fibre foods
|
on the other hand can be make people feel positive,
energetic and think quicker. Research shows that
people who they eat a high fibre diet tend to be less
stressed, less tired and less depressed than people are
who don't. Also, they are able to think lots more
quickly. Nevertheless, other foods can that have a
negative effect on us such as coffee, eggs, sugar
and foods that they contain a lot of artificial
flavourings and preservatives. These all foods can
make us feel sad, anxious and prone to panic
attacks. Foods that have been proven to lift up your
spirits are oily fish, salads, fruit, cereals and nuts.
3. Word formation
Complete the following sentences with the correct - ed or - ing adjective, using the
verbs in the list.
interest.
relax surprise
confuse
bore annoy embarrass
frighten.
depress
irritate.
1. The instructions in the exam were very complicated and left the students feeling totally.
2. I don't find horror films at all ... - in fact, I find them quite funny.
3. Would you be ... in coming to the theatre this evening? I have a spare ticket.
4. Can't you fix that dripping tap? It's getting on me nerves- it's really ...
5. I didn't expect to see Peter at the party. I was really ... to see him there.
6. He's had a lot of bad news recently and is feeling a bit ... .Let's go and cheer him up.
7. I find it ... to lie on the sofa and listen to music after a hard day's work.
8. I was told the film was really good but I felt utterly ... by it.
9. I get really ... when people throw rubbish down in the streets. It makes me furious.
10 If I said anything as stupid as he did in front of the thousand people, I'd feel really ...
22
1. You should write a letter to your pen-friend.
better. You ... to your pen-friend.
2. Samantha wants to be a model, but she isn't tall enough.
wishes. Samantha ... to be a model.
3. Why don't you wipe your feet when you come back from the park?
would I . your feet when you come back from the park.
4. If you don't stop to be naughty, I will tell the headmaster.
else
Stop being naughty, ... the headmaster.
5. Sam would prefer to go out rather than stay at home.
rather. Sam ... than stay at home.
6. It's a pity I didn't go to the party.
wish. I ... that party.
7. I didn't know your address: that's why I didn't send you a postcard.
would. If I had known your address, I . you a postcard.
8. He wouldn't have finished his report if you hadn't helped him.
for
But ... he wouldn't have finished his report.
9. If you exceed the speed limit, you will have to pay a fine.
else. Don't exceed the speed limit, ... have to pay a fine.
10 If you don't practice daily, you will never learn to play the piano.
unless. You will never learn to play the piano . daily.
TEST. 2 VARIANT
1. You are going to read the article about some different types of food and
drink. For questions 1-13, choose from items A - F. Each item may be chosen more
than once. There is an example at the beginning (0).
A Chocolate
B. Sugar
C. Meat
D. Cheese and Cream
E. Butter
F. Coffee and Tea
Which type(s) of food or drink:
0
is quickly turned into energy?
1, 2
can keep you awake if consumed late in the day?
3
can improve your mood?
4.
feels you up and keeps you from eating too much?
23
5,6,7. may lead to weight gain if eaten in excess?
8.
can help to prevent a disease of the bones?
9.
may cause a type of cancer?
10. 11. may help you to concentrate?
12.
may lead to heart problems?
13.
has no nutritional value?
Eat, drink
and don't be sorry
In Ancient Greek times, Epicurus lived by the philosophy, "Eat, drink and be merry,
and let tomorrow take care of itself!" Sadly, nowadays our instinct to enjoy ourselves has
been replaced with feelings of guilt about what we should or shouldn't eat. But just how
damaging are those "harmful" foods we find so tempting. Let's look more closely at the
good and bad sides of some of our favourites.
Chocolate contains mild stimulants which help concentration and boost the brain's
level of serotonin, the chemical that makes us feel good. Chocolate is also rich in iron,
magnesium, and potassium. On the down side, it is high in fat and calories and can interrupt sleep if eaten in the evenings.
Sugar is converted into energy more quickly than any other food, so it is hard for the
body to store it as fat. Studies have shown that it makes you feel more quickly, so you are
less likely to overeat. Eating sugar at breakfast time has been shown to improve concentration and memory in the morning. The bad news is that sugar causes tooth decay and contains no useful nutrients.
Meat is an important food as it is the major source of protein, vitamin B and essential minerals. However, it also contributes a quarter of our daily fat intake. A high intake
of red meat. .
Can lead to colon cancer, and beef is blamed for Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, an illness that affects the brain of humans.
Cheese and cream are rich in calcium and vitamin D, which help protect the system
against osteoporosis, a bone disease affecting a third of all European women over 60. Unfortunately, butter is almost pure saturated fat, and is very high in calories. Eating it is
thought to lead to hardening of the arteries, which is known to cause heat attacks and
strokes.
Coffee and tea contain caffeine, which increases alertness. Tea contains tannin and
flavanoids which help prevent heart disease. On the other hand, since they are stimulants
they can interrupt sleep and relaxation and therefore shouldn't be drunk in the evenings.
It seems, then, that we can feel free to enjoy all of these types of food, keeping in
mind that moderation is the key to good health. So eat small amounts of these foods and
forget about feeling guilty. .
2. For questions l-15, read the text below and think of one word which best fits in eachgap.
The first one has been done as an example.
Eating out (0) has become a popular form of entertainment which (1) ... of us enjoy.
Since (2) ... to other countries can be quite expensive, dining (3) ... ethnic restaurants is a
cheap alternative that offers you the (4) . to sample something different.
Ten years ago, the only (5) ... of foreign cuisine that was widely available in Britain
was Chinese or Indian; today, however, we (6) ... a. wide variety to choose (7) ... ranging
from hot and spicy Mexican food to (8) ... more delicate flavours of Japanese sushi. Furthermore, some ethnic restaurants now (9) ... other forms of entertainment. (10) ... live
24
music and traditional dancing. A favourite restaurant of mine is (11) ... by an Ethiopian
family. Inside friendly waiters (12) ... delicious dishes while musicians play cheerful
Ethiopian music. Towards the (13) ... of the evening the same waiters change (14) ... traditional costume and give short performances of energetic Ethiopian dancing before inviting the customers to (15) ... in. This is just one example of the kind of entertainment ethnic restaurant have to offer.
3. Word formation
Complete the following sentences using the appropriate - ed or - ing adjective.
1. I find science fiction stories ... .
2. I find computers such . machines.
3. People who like junk food are really ...
4. The thought of going to the moon is . .
5. It's easier to teach ... students.
6. I find lying on the beach on a hot summer day . .
7. I wouldn't be . if the economy collapsed/
8. I agree that television is ... .
9. Football couldn't be more ... .
10 I was ... by his present.
1. Why don't you listen to me?
Would
I wish . to me.
2. I think it would be a good idea to get a mobile phone.
Were If . get a mobile phone.
3. If you go too near to the river you will fall in.
else Don't go to the river ... fall in.
4. If you don't work hard, you won't get promoted.
unless.
You won't. ... work hard.
5. If Martin buys a car, he will be able to drive to work.
provided Martin will be able to drive to work ... a car.
6. I regret arguing with my best friend.
Wish I ... with my best friend.
7. You should lock all the doors before you leave.
Better
You ... all the doors before you leave.
8. I was upset, that's why I didn't say anything.
would.
If I hadn't been upset, ... something.
9. If Helen gets a grant, she will be able to continue her studies.
provided. Helen will be able to continue her studies ... a grant.
10. Mary regrets not studying hard for her exams.
Wishes
Mary ... for her exams.
25
MODULE 3.
ACCOMODATION
Lead-in
1. What does your house mean for you? What do you want your own house to be like?
2. What does the following proverb mean: "East or West home is best"?
3. What types of houses do you know? What types are very popular now?
4. What is a typical European house/ an Asian house/an American house?
Reading
Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-G for each paragraph 1-5.
There is an example (0) at the beginning. There is one extra heading which you don't
need to use.
A. For children of any age
B. A dream world for everyone
C. The transformation
D. Spoilt for choice
E. No ordinary hotel
F. Where dreams come true
G. The hotel's owner
WHERE DREAMS BEGIN
0. E
The Sparkles Hotel in Blackpool, England is a family hotel with a difference. What
makes it stand out from all the other hotels in town, is that each room has its own individual theme. There is the Cinderella lounge, where the chairs are giant silver slippers and the
Lost City of Atlantis dining room, especially designed to be the perfect place for you to
enjoy your fish and chips. Every detail in every room of the hotel, even the bathrooms, has
been carefully chosen to give it a fun and unique atmosphere.
1
In fact so much work has gone into making each of the sixteen rooms special, it is
difficult to believe that just one year before it opened the hotel was a run-down building
with a huge hole in the roof. After replacing the roof and planning a whole new interior,
the owner, aptly named Mrs Sparkle, began to totally transform the place. She says, "It
was really hard work redecorating each room, making the curtains, painting the walls and
restoring old furniture; but it was fun as well» Now that the work is finished and each
room has its own make believe theme, she has no doubts that it was definitely worth the
effort.
2
Mrs Sparkle always dreamt about living in a doll's house and she is very happy
that she has been able to turn this fantasy into reality. "Now I just want to be able to provide a place where other people's dreams can come true too," she says.
3
There are certainly some amazing rooms to pick from. Guests can choose to stay in
the Teddy Bear's Picnic room, the Barbie room, the Ruined Castle room, the Dinosaur
den, the Chocolate room or even the African den, which is designed to make you feel like
you're deep in the jungle complete with toy monkeys and animal prints. All the rooms are
stocked with toys and books so your children won't get bored, even if the English weather
lets you down.
4
26
In addition to the fantastic guest rooms, Sparkles has much more to offer its young
visitors. Every time you book a room you can be sure that entertainment, most of which is
organized by Mrs Sparkle herself, is included in the package. To give busy parents a break
in the morning, there is the game hour in the Sparkle's den, a large play area, and in the
evening, puppet shows and story-telling mean that there is never a dull moment.
5
Sparkles hotel offers a fantasy world for the whole family to enjoy. So if you want
to give your children a holiday to remember or even to relive your own childhood dreams,
Sparkles is the place for you.
Vocabulary Practice
1. Fill in the blanks. The first letter of each missing word is given.
We live in a (1) d ... house in the old part of the (2) c ... . It has got three (3) f ... and a
basement which I use as a study. It's got a small front (4) g ... and a lovely view over the
bay. Many people dream of buying a (5) c ... in the country where they can escape to at
weekends. Others even hope to own a (6) v ... in a beautiful location on the coast. Most
people here, however, live in (7) f ... . There are a lot of students living here in rented (8) r
... and bed-sits.
2. Now read the text again and answer the questions. .
Which word or phrase means . ?
1. a bedroom which is also used as a living room - ...
2. a large house in the country - .
3. a small house in the country - .
4. a house not joined to any other - .
5. a set of rooms below ground level - ...
3. Complete the sentences with one of the words given.
Corkscrew
lamp
dressing
chest.
stools
light-switch
cushions
wardrobe
bulb
fireplace
cupboard
sofa.
Armchair
plug
iron
1. My bedroom doesn't have a ... so I don't have anywhere to hang my clothes.
2. When she home she sits in a comfortable ... in front of the fire.
3. The three children were all sitting on the ... watching television.
4. I think we've got some sugar in the ... in the kitchen.
5. The ... is on the wall just as you go into the room. Just press it.
6. Make sure your hands are dry when you put the . into the socket, otherwise you might
get an electric shock.
7. There were several couples in the pub sitting on . at the bar, drinking.
8. I can't open this bottle of wine because I don't have a ... .
9. He had never used an ... before so he scorched his new shirt.
10 She sat at the ... table, looking at herself in the mirror.
11 I keep my socks and underwear in a ... of drawers in my bedroom.
12 It's too dark to read in here; why don't you get a reading ... ?
13 The ... on the landing has gone and I can't see a thing - can you put a new one in?
14 There were not enough chairs so some people had to sit on ... on the floor.
15 On cold winter days, we used to sit round the ... to keep warm.
4. Complete the chart below by putting the words in one of the three categories.
Basement
block of flats
hall.
power point
terraced house
cottage
Bungalow
remote control
attic
tea towel
semi-detached.
cellar
Corkscrew washing-up liquid ground floor study
table mat.
landing
loft.
detached house
bed-sit
ironing board villa
27
. . . types of home
. . parts of a house
things we find in the house
5. Which household words can fill the gaps in the following sentences? More than one
answer may be possible.
Example: It's dark in here - turn the light on.
the stairs
the staircase
TV
dishwasher
washing machine tap
electricity
water supply
door handle
power supply radio
Walkman
clock.
paint
1. The ... has come off.
2. She fell down ... .
3. The ... broke down yesterday.
4. My . was cut off.
5. The batteries in my ... have run out. I must get some new ones.
6. We have to put the . back one hour tonight.
6. Error correction
Read the text below and look carefully at each line. If the line is correct, put a plus
(+). If it has a word which should not be there, write out this word, as in the example.
An Unusual Home
Why would a basketball player to have an exact copy of a
pirate ship in his backyard? The basketball player is LA
Laker's star, Kobe Bryant, who he has created an
adventure wonderland in his California home. There are
many of tropical gardens around the house, complete
with waterfalls, and the pirate ship is in one of these. The
ship it not only fits in with the garden, but also gives
to the home a fun-park theme.
The house is over 16,000 square feet in the size, with ten
bedrooms and over twelve bathrooms. A huge guest
house stands next to a theatre and a billiards room. Even if
the guests need something else to look at, apart from the
rest of the decor, there are so beautiful ceilings which
have to been carefully hand-painted. These give Kobe's
house a casual but elegant look. Kobe didn't want to buy
a ready-built home, so that he had this one specially built
for him - at a cost of about $13.5 million!
28
0
00
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
to
•
7. Choose the right word (А, В, С or D) to fill each gap.
Have you ever 0) considered applying for a job where you can live on the
premises? While 'living above the shop' 1)
sound good because you don't
have to commute, such a situation has its pros and 2)
Bernadette Gillow,
who lives and works at Ightham Mote, a medieval National Trust property, admits
that it can be difficult 3)
times. "It takes some getting 4)
to. As you come
in with your supermarket bags on your day off, you walk through showrooms to get
to your 5)
I once found a little old lady on my sofa. No 6)
how many
"PRIVATE" 7)
you have on the door, if it opens, people will open it." However,
she's generally happy. When she 8)
the job as manager, the whole family her husband and two children - moved in. Renting out their 9)
home, they
have settled in and now 10)
from using the grounds on summer evenings after
the visitors have gone. "You feel a wonderful 11)
of history here," she says.
"Although it is 12)
a general management job, I'm responsible for the 13)
to day running of the property: the house and garden, the shop and tearoom, the
14)
and the financial administration. It does give us an opportunity to
completely absorb the scenery and the property. It's a gorgeous place to be and it's
a great privilege. 15)
the drawbacks, I wouldn't like to go back to the way we
lived before."
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
considered
should
downs
for
used
rooms
point
directions
took
final
reward
idea
basically
night
men
Spite
В thought
В might
в fors
в at
в felt
в parts
в matter
в labels
в received
в early
в benefit
в sense
в truly
в day
в people
в Although
С supposed
С will
С backs
с in
с known
с quarters
с question
с messages
с agreed
с last
с enjoy
с touch
с wholly
с week
с staff
с However
D
D
0
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
assumed
would
cons
on
lived
sections
doubt
signs
reached
previous
love
tone
completely
evening
members
Despite
<
Шшф
<#
ilt
(jP^
Г
I
4
it
f§
Sr
V*
8. Word formation
form
use
examples
forms. a noun that describes smb's employ- employer
Verb + er, or, er
work - worker
occupation, or what smb/smth does
sharpen - pencil-sharpener
a nouns that describes what smb pay - payee
Verb/ noun + ee
does, or who smb is
a noun that describes an example or draw- drawing
Verb/ noun + ing
act
Noun + eer
a noun that says what activity smb engineer, mountaineer
does
Noun/verb/adjective an abstract noun, a noun that ex- artist, Buddhist, flexibility,
29
presses smb's belief or occupation.
goodness, sadness
+ ist, ity, ness
an abstract noun
championship, friendship
Noun + hood, ship
an abstract noun
admittance,
achievement,
Verb + ance, ence,
ment,
(a)tion,
enjoyment, occupation, pol(i)tion, sion
lution, revision
Complete the chart with the correct noun. Underlined words will help you.
Noun
Clue
1. he takes photographs
2. he plays the guitar
3. it washes dishes
4. the state of being able to do something
5. the relationship you have with your friend
6. he designs roads and bridges
7. he writes for a newspaper
8. he acts in film and plays
9. the thing we make when we build
10 the quality of being important
11 the period when you are a child
12 the feeling of being excited
13 the state of being happy
14 knowledge you get when you are educated
15 the act of dividing something
16 entering a place, or the cost of entering
17 the thing we open tins with
18 he is forced to seek refuge in a new country
19 something we do when we are active
20 the state or fact of being great
1. In the end, I couldn't make it to the party because I had too much work to do.
Able In the end, I ... come to the party because I had too much work to do.
2. At school, she was the fastest runner in her class.
Could At school, she ... than anyone else in her class.
3. Although I am good at physics, I don't think I'll manage to pass the exam.
Able In spite of being good at physics I don't think
pass the exam.
4. We weren't obliged to attend all the classes because some of them were optional.
Have We ... to all the classes because some of them were optional.
5. If I don't find a job soon, I won't be able to pay the bills.
Have I need to pay the bills so . find a job soon.
6. "All telephone calls made from the office must be paid for", said the manager.
Had The manager told ... for all telephone calls made from the office.
7. I took a lot of suntan lotion with me but I didn't need it.
Taken
I . so much suntan with me.
8. The traffic warden said we weren't allowed to park the car outside the bank.
Could The traffic warden told ... park the car outside the bank.
9. I think you can manage without a pullover in this weather.
Need You ... wear a pullover in this weather.
10 Oxygen masks were essential when they got to the top of the mountain.
Had They ... oxygen masks when they reached the top of the mountain. .
30
TEST. 1 VARIANT
1. You are going to read an article about conserving energy in the home. For questions 1-7, choose the correct answer A, B, C or D.
1. The amount of energy consumed by residential buildings is
A. 45 million tons.
B. 27% more than consumed by industry.
C. mainly responsible for global warming.
D. going to be reduced by 2010.
2. People making the laws had previously focused on
A. Europe.
B. residential buildings.
C. industry and transport.
D. private houses.
3. Blocking up draughts
A. is easy.
B. is expensive.
C. requires planning.
D. is energy saving.
4. It is recommended that loft insulation is
A. 100mm thick.
B. 200-300mm thick.
C. made of cellulose.
D. fireproof.
5. Accourding to the writer, we should use light bulbs which are
A. conventional.
B. efficient.
C. standard.
D. high energy.
6. Which sort of panels can produce electricity?
A. solar panels
B. glass panels
C. photovoltaic panels
D. thermal solar panels
7. How can individuals reduce global warming?
A. By buying a new environmentally friendly house.
B. By designing new buildings with energy saving features.
C. By insulating new buildings.
D. By making changes in our current homes.
31
2. Error correction
Selling your house
0. Why do some of people find it so difficult to sell their house,
00. while other people manage to do this within hours of it going
1. on the sale market? You might be surprised how little you
2. have to do to persuade someone to buy your house
3. Always remember that the first impression count. A well-kept
4. garden and a freshly painted door will to create a positive
5. atmosphere, while a full dustbin and many junk in the garden
6. will put possible buyers off it. Make sure the inside of the
7. house will gives the feeling of space, and don't leave your
32
of
V
8. clothes lying around. Hang up clothes, tidy away books and
9. newspapers, and never leave a pile of dirty plates in the sink
10 Scent is such important, too. Avoid cooking fish or curry
11 before someone is views the house, but the aroma of fresh
12 coffee or newly baked bread does creates the right effect
13 Also soft lighting with lamps will give a cosier atmosphere
14 Touches like these are could be the difference between you
15 making a quick sale or no sale at all. Good luck!
3. Word formation
4. Key Word transformation
10
it w a s n 1 n e c e s s a r y t o r h i m t o h e l p m e , b u t h e d i d .
have
He
me,
1
I ' m s u r e t h e b o o k s a r e in t h i s c u p b o a r d
3
It i s n ' t n e c e s s a r y f o r y o u t o w o r k o n S a t u r d a y ,
4
I advise y o u to o p e n a bank account,
5
It i s p o s s i b l e t h a t s h e h a s f o r g o t t e n t o c a l l ,
6
It w a s n ' t n e c e s s a r y f o r h i m t o b u y a g i f t , b u t h e d i d .
7
P e r h a p s A l i c e is a t t h e h a i r d r e s s e r ' s .
8
I advise you to have your car serviced.
9
I'm sure Sylvia didn't m e a n w h a t s h e said.
33
TEST. 2 VARIANT
1. Read the article and choose from the sentences (A-I) the one which fits each gap.
There is one sentence which you don't need to use.
Going Underground.
A
В
S o c i e t y is g o i n g t o h a v e t o l o o k a t e n e r g y u s a g e , a n d
u n d e r g r o u n d h o m e s can be space-saving in a c r o w d e d country.
The light c o m i n g in t h r o u g h t h e m should create interesting
l i g h t i n g effects in t h e central living area - a n d reduce t h e n e e d
С
A c o n s i d e r a b l e a m o u n t o f m o n e y is s a v e d o n e n e r g y a n d
m a i n t e n a n c e bills, a n d e a r t h - s h e l t e r e d h o m e s a r e f r e e f r o m m o s t
D
Also, some people f i n d it difficult t o cope psychologically w i t h
living in an earth-sheltered d w e l l i n g , b u t this usually applies only
E They can m a k e use o f s t e e p slopes a n d can have a t t r a c t i v e w i d e
F The first t i m e t h e c o u p l e c l i m b e d d o w n a dangerous o l d iron
ladder t o inspect t h e inside o f t h e reservoir, t h e y e x p e c t e d t o
G
H
T h e c o u p l e have since u s e d a special drill t o c u t t h r e e large
s q u a r e holes in t h e r o o f , w h i c h w i l l s o o n s u p p o r t t h r e e glass
Because an e a r t h - s h e l t e r e d h o m e
is s o e f f e c t i v e l y
insulated,
t h e r e is v i r t u a l l y n o loss o f h e a t i n g a n d , t h e r e f o r e , s i g n i f i c a n t l y
I
A f e w m o n t h s l a t e r , a l o n g w i t h h i s w i f e . S a r a h , h e is a b o u t t o
b e c o m e o n e o f t h e f e w Brits w h o live b e l o w t h e e a r t h .
34
Timothy Scott w a s leisurely leafing through a local
naturally protected from wind and draughts. Earth
newspaper w h e n he s a w a small advert for a "concrete
sheltering also provides greater security and at the same
reservoir for sale". 10 | / | The couple, known locally as
time a building that will last a good 5 0 0 years. There are
'the moles', have decided to go underground not just
fewer than a dozen earth-sheltered homes in Britain,
because they want one of the most unusual homes in
which makes their inhabitants into pioneers of a sort.
Britain, but for good ecological reasons too.
Building this way is also compatible with the new
[~1 |
| Instead, they found a sweet-smelling 1 0 m by 2 0 m
conservationist methods. | 5 |
space, 4 m high. The massive concrete roof, and the
earth above it, was supported by eight large original
only one way of building: underground. 'In 1 0 0 years'
35
brick pillars.
time, or less,' says Timothy, 'I believe that large
numbers of people will be living in earth-sheltered
'We knew immediately that it would make a wonderful
home,' says Timothy. 12 |
| To avoid living in 'shoe
boxes' and to keep agricultural land green, there is really
homes in Britain.'
| These will be the main
source of light and heat for the house. Natural light will
Earth-sheltered homes don't have to be like Timothy's
spread through glass walls to the three bedrooms, t w o
reservoir. | 6 |
bathrooms and kitchen off the central area.
40
A patio is also possible, as long as there
is enough space in front of a house.
'We expect virtually no heating bills,' Timothy says. 'The
However, according to Peter Carpentier, secretary of the
surrounding earth and the inside of the walls should
British Earth Sheltering Association, w h o lives in his own
provide an ample storage area for the solar energy w e
underground home, there are a few disadvantages. For
gain through the pyramids during the day. 13 |
instance, because there are so few earth-sheltered
| We
estimate that this will cut our electricity bills by at least a
homes in the UK, it is usually hard, although not
third.'
impossible, to get planning permission. 17 |
The couple's belief in the benefits of living underground
is genuine. Living underground, which is quite common
in America, in parts of Spain and in China, has many
advantages for families. | 4 |
than for conventional homes, although savings can be
made in other ways.
| What's more, they are
2. Error correction
A House with a Difference
This a m a z i n g w i n d m i l l , s t a n d i n g u p o n a hill, is all m o s t c e r t a i n l y a
h o u s e w i t h a d i f f e r e n c e . T h e 1 9 t h c e n t u r y w i n d m i l l has a u n i q u e p o s i t i o n
0
all
00
/
is o v e r l o o k i n g t h e t o w n , w i t h v i e w s o f t h e s u r r o u n d i n g c o u n t r y s i d e . T h e
1
w i n d m i l l w a s b e e n c o n v e r t e d in 1 9 7 8 by a local b u i l d e r i n t o a l u x u r i o u s f a m i l y
2
house a n d has recently b e e n e x t e n d e d t o i n c l u d e f o u r d o u b l e b e d r o o m s . T h e
3
p r o p e r t y also has full gas c e n t r a l h e a t i n g a n d is d o u b l e - g l a z e d . O n t h e o n e g r o u n d
4
f l o o r t h e r e is a spacious e n t r a n c e hall w i t h l o t s t o r a g e space a n d w i n d o w s l o o k i n g
5
o n t o b e a u t i f u l g a r d e n s . A t t h e side o f t h e h o u s e t h e r e it is a p a t i o area f o r b a r b e c u e s
6
a n d a small p o n d h a d b u i l t o f C o r n i s h s t o n e . There are t w o d o u b l e g a r a g e s a t t h e back
7
o f t h e p r o p e r t y a n d p a r k i n g space f o r a n a p p r o x i m a t e l y seven cars. T h e h u g e
8
l o u n g e o n t h e first f l o o r leads o n t o a b a l c o n y w i t h p a n o r a m i c v i e w s o f f a r m l a n d .
9
In a d d i t i o n t o , t h e r e is also a f u l l y f i t t e d , o p e n - p l a n k i t c h e n w i t h p a t i o d o o r s ,
10
are l e a d i n g t o a n o a k - b e a m e d d i n i n g r o o m . A large spiral staircase
11
gives access t o t h e f o u r d o u b l e b e d r o o m s o n t h e s e c o n d floor. A p a r t f r o m t h i s t h e
12
m a s t e r b e d r o o m , w h i c h includes an e n - s u i t e b a t h r o o m a n d f i t t e d w a l k - i n
13
w a r d r o b e s , t h e r e are t w o a d d i t i o n a l b a t h r o o m s o n this floor. This m u c h u n u s u a l
14
f a m i l y h o m e o f f e r s relaxed, h i g h quality, stylish living.
15
35
| When a
lot of excavation is needed, building costs can be higher
3. Word formation
Superlative Vacuum Cleaners
We all know how (0) exhausting housework can be and
sweeping the carpet must be one of the most (1)
of (2) ... chores. We think we have come up with
a (3) ... to back-breaking carpet cleaning - our new
range of state of the art vacuum (4) ... provide a quick
and (5) ... answer to dust, however deeply ingrained
We would be happy to send you (6) ... about our new
vacuum cleaners; our leaflets contain a complete (7)
of the latest models, and if you would like a (8) ... of
how they work why not take up our free (9) ... offer today
with no (10) ... to buy. Just send off the form below or
ring us on 101 243768 now!
1. It's forbidden to take your bag into the building.
mustn't
You
into the building.
2. I'm sure she understood what I was saying.
have
She
what I was saying.
3. Perhaps he took the train to work this morning.
may
He
the train to work this morning.
4. Running in the corridors is forbidden.
allowed
You
in the corridors.
5. Is it possible that Jane is leaving school at the end of this week?
be
Could
at the end of this week?
6. We'll probably have a party for Simon's birthday.
likely
It's
a party for Simon's birthday.
7. I'd better start studying for my exams soon.
ought
I
for my exams soon.
8. It is possible that they will sell their house.
may
They
their house.
9. Everyone is supposed to pay taxes to the government.
should
Everyone
taxes to the government.
10. Let's discuss this over lunch.
can
We
this over lunch.
36
EXHAUST
TIRE
HOUSE
SOLVE
CLEAN
EFFECT
INFORM
DESCRIBE
DEMONSTRATE
TRY
OBLIGE
MODULE 4
SPORTS AND HOBBIES
Lead-in
1. All these are extreme sports: extreme kayaking, snowboarding, bungee jumping, free
fall parachuting. Can you name any other extreme sports?
2. Have you ever participated in any of these sports? If so, how did you feel?
3. Which of these sentences best describes your feelings about the sports above?
I wish I could do it more often.
If I weren't so scared, I would give it a try.
If only I could turn my fear into positive energy.
I'm not sure if I could do it.
I've never wanted to do it.
4. Which of these qualities should people have in order to do high-risk sports?
fear
positive energy
courage
survival instinct
ability to evaluate risks
sense of adventure
physical strength
quick reactions
mental energy
determination
Reading
1. The people who do extreme sports are called "daredevils» What does it mean? Do
you think what they do is sheer lunacy? How do you think these people feel?
2. Read the article and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D, then explain the words in
bold.
Shaun Baker has two equally crazy ways of descending through the torrents of
a waterfall in a small kayak. He either paddles through a series of boulders that
could smash him and his boat to pieces, or pushes his boat out into the air so that he
free-falls through the air into the water below.
He calls this extreme kayaking. Others may be tempted to translate as sheer lun acy. However, everyone agrees that it is a high-risk sport.
When Baker, a 32-year-old professional white water rodeo champion from just
outside Maidenhead, explains what he does, it sounds impossible. When he actually
shows you, it is truly amazing how, each time he emerges from the waters below, a
little bruised, but in one smiling, triumphant piece.
One of his favourite areas to perform the daredevil feats is in a valley of waterfalls on the edge of the Black Mountains in central Wales. A breath-takingly beautiful
but dangerous spot, it provides Baker with as nerve-wracking a challenge as any he
has faced in the twenty years he has been in some kind of canoe.
"It's in my blood", he explains, preparing himself both physically and mentally
for the challenge ahead. "I don't do this for any macho reasons, I do it for myself. If
1
4 I' m honest, it scares the life out of me especially when I start to tip over the edge
and I know there is no turning back."
"The trick is to turn the fear into positive energy. You are frightened at the top
of the fall, but it changes into a survival instinct. You need every ounce of mental
energy and reaction to survive. The real kick is when you hit the bottom and reappear
from under the water. That's when you know you've made it, and that is the moment
37
when you have a sense of elation."
Apart from various national white water rodeo championship wins, Baker also
holds the record for the highest free-fall waterfall drop in a kayak, as well as the
world speed altitude drop of 50 metres. He is just about the only regular extreme
kayaker in the world.
"The reason why I still do this," he says, "is that I have the ability to work out
whether I can survive or not. If I think something is too risky, I won't do it»
"Too risky" in Bakers language is, of course, totally different to my or your interpretation. As he steadies himself for his first descent, a slide down a fall of
around 60 feet, with dangerous rocks at the bottom, you are left wondering just how
he is going to succeed. In his tiny, 2.2-metre-long "Eskimo" kayak, the smallest in the
world, Baker begins.
It is all over in a few seconds. He drops, like a stone, down the fall, and is then
forced to his left and onto a totally different route than he had planned.
He then moves downstream to his second challenge in order to perform an actual free fall.
"The trick here is to punch the water with the nose of the kayak," Baker explains. "If you have a flat landing, it could kill you."
Baker holds his arm in the air, shoots his thumb up, and then leaps out into the
sky before falling down and under the river. There is the second's silence before he
emerges again - wet, a little bruised, but safe.
"It's a whole way of life for me," he explains, as we climb our way out of the
valley and back to the cars. "It's not that I go out to impress anyone, or try to say I'm
better. It's just the wonderful experience of testing myself against nature and the elements. And each night I look back on a day like today and realize there's nothing I
would rather be doing with myself."
(Upstream Intermediate)
1. What does the passage suggest about the two methods Shaun uses to kayak down waterfalls?
A.
One is much safer than the other.
B.
Both involve free-falling from the top of the waterfall.
C.
One is called "extreme kayaking»
D.
Both are very dangerous.
2. Why does Shaun enjoy kayaking in the waterfalls on the edge of the Black Mountain?
A.
It is very beautiful there.
B.
It offers him a great challenge.
C.
He has lived there for 20 years.
D.
Kayaking is very easy there.
3. What does "it" in line 17 refer to?
A.
Shaun's kayak
B.
A waterfall
C.
Extreme kayaking
D.
Feeling frightened
4. When does Shaun feel best about a descent?
A.
Before he starts kayaking
B.
At the top of the waterfall
C.
During the descent
D.
When he emerges at the bottom of the fall
38
5. Shaun still does extreme kayaking because...
A.
He doesn't take any risks.
B.
He is always able to work out if a descent is too dangerous.
C.
He will do anything no matter how dangerous it is.
D.
He doesn't care if he survives or not.
6. Shaun enjoys his sport b e c a u s e .
A.
He is very good at it.
B.
It impresses other people.
C.
It doesn't scare him at all.
D.
He enjoys testing himself.
3. Read the article again and list the reasons why Shaun does this sport and how
this makes him feel. Then, in pairs, talk about whether you would like to try this
sport, and explain why/ why not.
Vocabulary and Grammar Practice
1. Match the highlighted words to their synonyms.
Pure, come down, jump, hit, appear, victorious, thrill.
2. Complete the sentences using the words in the list.
Lunacy, nerve-racking, instinct, elation, altitude, interpretation, steadied, torrents, paddles, high-risk.
1) He always
his canoe carefully along the dangerous rivers.
2) Some people think that doing extreme sports is sheer
.
3) His survival
keeps him safe even in the most dangerous situations.
4)
of water gushes into the river.
5) It was the most
experience I've ever had.
6) She has never been at such a high
before, I think she's going to faint.
7) I feel a sense of
whenever I do something well.
8) His
of the problem is quite different to mine.
9) He
himself at the top of the ski slope before pushing himself off.
10) Extreme kayaking is a
sport.
3. Use the adjectives and sports given below to act out dialogues, as in the example.
• Hang-gliding
V
Exciting
• Tennis
V
Challenging
v
• Snowboarding
ThriUmg
V
Relaxin
• Cycling
g
V
Com etitive
• Scuba diving
p
Dan erous
• Rock climbing
V
g
• Fly fishing
V
Frightening
v
Risky
V
Exhausting
V
Nerve-racking
V
Demanding
A: I'd love to try hang-gliding
B: Really? Why?
A: I'm sure it would be exciting. What about you?
B: No, I wouldn't like to try hang-gliding. I think it would be too frightening.
A: What would you like to try than?
39
B: Scuba diving...etc
4.Fill in the correct word
Competitive, accurate, co-operative, daring, graceful, careful, determined, courageous.
1) A footballer needs to be
to play as part of a team.
2) A person needs to be
to try sky surfing because it is quite a dangerous sport.
3) An archer needs to be
to hit the centre of the target.
4) A long distance runner needs to be
to finish the race because they get very tired.
5) A racing driver needs to be very
because he has to drive very fast and take a lot
of risks.
6) You need to be
when you are rock climbing because you could fall and seriously injure yourself.
7) A successful sports person has to be
and do their best to beat other athletes.
8) An ice-skater needs to be
so that they can glide across the ice with style and
ease.
5. For Questions 1 - 10, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the
end of each line to form a word that fits in the space in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Example: (0) interested
THE TRAINING PROGRAMME
If y o u a r e 0) interested
in g e t t i n g fit, t h e n w h a t y o u
n e e d is a t r a i n i n g p r o g r a m m e . A l t h o u g h a i m e d at i m p r o v i n g
p h y s i c a l 1)
, t h i s p r o g r a m m e c a n a l s o b e 2)
in s u c h a w a y t h a t it h e l p s in t h e 3)
of p a r t i c u l a r a t h l e t i c skills. T h e r e is a r a n g e of
d i f f e r e n t 4)
to c h o o s e from a n d a growing
a m o u n t of s c i e n t i f i c 5)
t o e x p l a i n t h e e f f e c t s of
each one.
W h e n y o u b e g i n t r a i n i n g , it is i m p o r t a n t t o start 6)
, r a i s i n g t h e 7)
of t h e p r o g r a m m e
in a g r a d u a l w a y . A l t h o u g h it is i m p o r t a n t t o w o r k s u f f i c i e n t l y
h a r d t o m a k e a n 8)
on your physical condition,
t h e activities s h o u l d n ' t b e 9)
. It is 10)
therefore, to ignore w a r n i n g s y m p t o m s such
a s s h a r p o r p e r s i s t e n t p a i n in p a r t i c u l a r m u s c l e s .
Grammar Practice
1. Put the following verbs into the correct category.
avoid
decide
promise
hope
mind
finish
enjoy
detest
let sb
expect
can't
claim
regret
stand
miss
agree
want
fancy
verb + to - inf
verb + bare inf
INTEREST
FIT
DESIGN
DEVELOP
ACTIVE
KNOW
GENTLE, INTENSE
IMPRESS
PAIN, WISE
deny
resist
consider
refuse
can
should
make sb
verb + -ing form
2.
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of the infinitive or -ing form.
1. John was unable
(play) in the tennis tournament as he was about
(have) an operation on his knee.
40
2. I'm sorry
(say) that his recent car accident has made it impossible for
John
(qualify) for the race.
3. "I've never seen such a fast horse in my life! It's worth
(bet) on it; it's
sure
(win) the race.
4. I would prefer
(go) to the football match instead of
(watch) it on TV last night.
5. I can't help
(think) how graceful Julie is as a gymnast. I think she
ought
(take) it up professionally.
6. It's no use
(try) to make her put on her skates. She'll start
(fall) over the moment she steps onto the ice.
7. He claims
(be) the best figure skater in the world, but he's never won a
medal in his life!
8. He seems to
(train) hard these days.
9. James was looking forward to
(exhibit) his skills in a chess match
against the leading champion.
10. As Bob was going to enter the judo competition he spent all his time
(practise) for the finals.
3. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of the infinitive or -ing form.
Football is the most popular sport in the world. While some children prefer
(1 )
(watch) their much admired footballers, others are more keen on
(2 )
(take part) in the action. They look forward to the school day
(3 )
(end) so they can (4)
(play) a game of football in the
street or on the school field. Young boys imagine themselves (5)
(become)
famous footballers. They dream of (6)
(score) the winning goal for the championship as well as (7)
(see) fans (8)
(applaud) for the victory
with great enthusiasm. Boys are not the only fanatics. Men are no different. They wait for
Sunday afternoons (9)
(come) so that they can (10)
(enjoy) the day
by (11)
(sit) in front of the TV and (12)
(cheer on) their favourite team.
3.
1
2
3
4
5
I'm sorry but we have decided not to accept your application.
Regret
I
we have decided to reject your application.
Funnily enough, I'd prefer a pizza for a change.
Rather
Funnily enough
.
We were not allowed to drink too much Coke when we were children.
Let
Our parents
.
I think it would be a good idea to take the train.
Suggest
I
.
She succeeded in persuading her parents to let her go.
Managed
She
.
41
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
It looks as if this door's locked after all.
Appears
This
.
One of the things I hate is people eating popcorn in the cinema.
Stand
One of the things I
.
The singer arrived two hours late but I'm glad I waited for him.
Worth
The singer
.
Jack said he had to catch the early flight.
Insisted
Jack
.
I can't wait to get your next letter.
Forward
I
.
"No, I didn't move the files," she said to him.
Denied
She
the files.
This jacket is so small that I can't wear it.
Too
This jacket is
wear.
I think it's good to have lots of hobbies.
Having
I think
good.
I have trouble starting the car when it's cold.
Difficult
I
the car when it's cold.
TEST. 1 VARIANT
1. You are going to read a magazine article about a young sports person. For Questions 1 - 8 choose the correct answer A, B, C or D.
Wakeboarding
K n o w i n g that T o m Finch, a junior
c h a m p i o n in t h e r e l a t i v e l y n e w s p o r t o f
w a k e boarding, had w o n so m a n y c o m p e t i t i o n s , I w a s m o r e t h a n a little t a k e n
a b a c k to s e e h o w slight he w a s . W a k e boarding, you see, involves being pulled
a l o n g at high s p e e d b e h i n d a p o w e r boat,
r a t h e r like in w a t e r s k i i n g , t h a n l a u n c h i n g
y o u r s e l f i n t o t h e a i r t o p e r f o r m a s e r i e s of
c o m p l i c a t e d t r i c k s , a s in s k a t e b o a r d i n g o r
s n o w b o a r d i n g . N o w , t h a t is a f e a t y o u ' d
think required big b o n e s a n d bulging
m u s c l e s . B u t T o m is j u s t 1 . 4 4 m tall a n d
w e i g h s 3 8 kilos.
"It h u r t m y f o r e a r m s at first, b u t n o w
I g u e s s I'm u s e d t o it", T o m t o l d m e . A t
42
14 y e a r s old, T o m h a s b e e n
practicing the sport for just two
years, but has already found
c o m p e t i n g in h i s a g e g r o u p a l m o s t too easy. H e didn't s a y that,
of c o u r s e . M a y b e b e c a u s e h e
didn't w a n t to s e e m bigheaded,
especially with his D a d sitting just
a f e w metres away, or m a y b e
b e c a u s e h e j u s t d o e s n ' t t h i n k it's
i m p o r t a n t . "I w a k e b o a r d b e c a u s e
it's f u n " , h e t o l d m e w i t h a s m i l e ,
"and scary!"
He knows he's good though
a n d o n e look at his results c o n f i r m s t h a t t h i s is j u s t i f i e d . Y e t
w h e n T o m started, the organizers tried to
p e r s u a d e him not to e n t e r his first c o m p e tition, t h i n k i n g h e ' d b e u p s e t w h e n h e
c a m e last. T o m w o n b y a m i l e a n d s i l e n c e d t h e m all. S o , w h a t m a k e s h i m s o
g o o d ? Perhaps, putting on a wetsuit,
whatever the weather, and practicing for
a t l e a s t t w o h o u r s e v e r y d a y . F o r that is
what T o m does. He also buys and studies e v e r y n e w w a k e b o a r d i n g v i d e o a n d
s p e n d s h o u r s w o r k i n g o n e v e r y n e w trick,
finding n e w w a y s to twist a n d turn his
small body.
He's also not afraid to take advice
f r o m p e o p l e b e t t e r t h a n h i m . "I w o u l d n ' t
be w h e r e I a m without m y trainer", T o m
s a y s . "It t a k e s s o m u c h l o n g e r t o l e a r n
w i t h o u t h i m ; h e c a n s p o t w h a t I'm d o i n g
w r o n g in a s e c o n d a n d p u t m e right. H e
g i v e s m e lots o f t i p s o n s o m e o f t h e r e a l
technical details too»
A l t h o u g h t h e s p o r t is r e l a t i v e l y u n k n o w n c o m p a r e d to surfing a n d s n o w b o a r d i n g , w h i c h e v e r y o n e ' s h e a r d of,
T o m r e c k o n s it's on the up. " E v e r y o n e at
s c h o o l is w e l l a w a r e o f it, t r y i n g it a n d l o v i n g it", h e s a y s . H e ' s n o t w r o n g e i t h e r .
E v e n o n t h e rainy, w i n d y d a y that I m e t
h i m , t h e r e ' s a q u e u e of e a g e r b o d i e s in
w e t s u i t s getting into t h e f r e e z i n g w a t e r at
the watersports centre near
London
w h e r e T o m trains.
It w i l l t a k e a f e w y e a r s u n t i l t h e
overall s t a n d a r d r e a c h e s that of the U S A
t h o u g h . T o m t o l d m e t h a t e v e r y t h i n g is
twice as fast, twice as big there, w h i c h
m a k e s it r e a l l y s c a r y a n d d a n g e r o u s .
T o m knows no fear though and wants
o n e d a y to be a professional. H e might
o n l y b e 1 . 4 4 m tall, b u t let's n o t f o r g e t t h a t
t h e p r o f e s s i o n a l s w e r e all f o u r t e e n - y e a r old at o n e t i m e too.
First Certificate Practice Tests Plus
43
1.
A.
B.
C.
D.
What surprised the writer most on first meeting Tom Finch?
His height
His strength
His skillfulness
His bravery
2.
A.
B.
C.
D.
When asked about his success in competitions, Tom appeared to be
Embarrassed
Proud
Modest
Nervous
3.
A.
B.
C.
D.
When Tom started entering competitions, people thought
He hadn't been trained.
He might hurt himself.
He was below the age limit.
He would be disappointed.
4.
A.
B.
C.
D.
What does "that" in line 39 refer to?
Studying hard
Practicing daily
Buying videos
Working on new tricks
5.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Tom is particularly grateful when his trainer
Points out his mistakes.
Makes him work hard.
Stops him being afraid.
Spends long hours with him.
6.
A.
B.
C.
D.
What does Tom mean by the phrase "on the up" in line 56?
Becoming better understood
Getting more practice
Getting easier for people
Becoming more popular
7.
A.
B.
C.
D.
In the future, Tom hopes to
Train others in his sport.
Go and live in the USA.
Get over his remaining fears.
Make the sport his career.
8.
A.
B.
C.
D.
In general, what does the writer think of Tom?
He's very determined.
He's easily persuaded.
He's overconfident.
He's underachieving.
44
1.
Choose the best alternative to complete the gaps in this summary.
'The Captain and the Enemy' is a novel (1)
was written by Graham Green in
1988. It is a story (2)
a boy, Victor Baxter, (3)
father (4)
he calls 'the
Devil') loses him in game of backgammon to a man (5)
is only known as 'the Captain'. The Captain, (6)
real name is never revealed, appears to be some sort of criminal.
(7)
the boy has been taken away from his boarding school, he is brought up by a
woman called Lisa, (8)
is the Captain's mistress. From time to time the Captain returns to visit them, (9)
for months on end they are alone together. (10)
this
time a close relationship develops (11)
them, and Lisa treats Victor as if he is her
son. Eventually, the Captain goes to live in Panama, (12)
tells them that they cannot
join him there (13)
he has made enough money. (14)
he is 18, Victor leaves
Lisa and gets his own flat but (15)
her death in a road accident, he flies to Panama
to meet the Captain...
A which
D it
1
B what
C who
D of
2
A about
B by
C on
A who
3
B whose
C his
D without
A which
B who
D him
4
C whose
A who
B whom
5
C whose
D his
A who
B whom
6
C whose
D his
A Before
B After
7
C Although
D Now
B who
8
A she
C because
D that
9
A because
B but
C when
D so
A Before
B While
D On
10
C During
B over
11
A among
C between
D to
D he
12
A still
B but
C though
C Until
D if
13
A after
B by
A When
C Then
D Why
14
B So
B while
15
A because
C as
D after
2. For Questions 1 - 10, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the
end of each line to form a word that fits in the space in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Example:
0
beneficial
EXERCISE - THE CASE AGAINST
W e a r e a l w a y s b e i n g t o l d a b o u t t h e 0) beneficial of
r e g u l a r a n d 1)
physical exercise. But h o w often
d o y o u h e a r p e o p l e t a l k i n g a b o u t t h e 2)
aspects
of t h i s m o d e r n 3)
w i t h h e a l t h a n d f i t n e s s ? It is
t i m e p e o p l e r e a l i z e d t h a t e x e r c i s e is a n 4)
. The
a c t of e x e r c i s i n g r e l e a s e s a c h e m i c a l in t h e b r a i n w h i c h h a s
t h e 5)
e f f e c t of m a k i n g y o u f e e l b o t h r e l a x e d a n d
6)
. It is, in fact, a d r u g . T h a t is w h y real f i t n e s s f r e a k s f e e l t h e n e e d t o w o r k o u t 7)
often, a n d b e -
45
BENEFIT
VIGOUR
HARM
OBSESS
ADDICT
PLEASURE
ENERGY
c o m e 8)
a n d d e p r e s s e d if t h e y a r e k e p t a w a y
f r o m t h e g y m f o r t o o long.
S o b e f o r e y o u s i g n u p for a y e a r ' s 9)
at y o u r
local h e a l t h club, a s k y o u r s e l f if y o u a r e really 10)
to s a c r i f i c e y o u r f r e e d o m a n d s e l f - r e s p e c t for t h e s a k e of "fitness".
INCREASE
NERVE
MEMBER
WILL
3.
1
Why travel so far to go shopping?
Worth
Is
so far to go shopping?
2
Can you please speak louder? I can't hear you.
Mind
Would
louder? I can't hear you.
3
His mother doesn't let him go out during the week.
Allowed
He
out during the week.
4
Danny would rather read magazines than novels.
Prefers
Danny
novels.
5
They don't let people talk during the meeting.
Allow
They don't
during the meeting.
6
Helen's father made her tidy her room yesterday.
Was
Helen
her room yesterday.
7
The water is so cold that I can't swim in it.
Enough
The water is not
swim in it.
8
That problem was difficult to solve.
Difficulty
I
that problem.
9
I heard them ask the policeman for directions.
Were
They
the policeman for directions.
10 I wish I'd seen a comedy rather than a horror film.
Rather
I'd
a comedy than a horror film.
TEST. 2 VARIANT
1. Y o u a r e g o i n g t o r e a d a n e w s p a p e r a r t i c l e a b o u t t h e s p o r t o f i n l i n e s k a t i n g . F o r
Q u e s t i o n s 1 - 8 c h o o s e t h e c o r r e c t a n s w e r A, B, C o r D.
Inline Skating
Tracy Winters is on a mission to change the image of inline skating in this country.
In her skates there is no stopping Tracy Winters. She spends most of her time teaching, consulting, examining or campaigning on behalf of this country's ever-growing number of inline skaters.
Busy as she is, Tracy did manage to spare an hour early one Saturday morning to
give me a lesson in the local park. The slight unease I felt at never having used the inline
46
skates before was not helped, however, by her emphatic disapproval as I pulled a pair of
brand-new skates from my bag.
"Oh dear", she said with a frown. "You've been sold what we call "aggressive"
skates, which are no good for the sort of skating that you want to do. They're too heavy
for twists and turns and the wheels are too small. And you've no brake."
"But I was told that all I need to do to stop was drag my leg behind me", I protested.
"No, no, no", said Tracy. She explained how she was currently helping a girl who
has been off work for a year with a damaged leg after following similar advice. Tracy is
drawing up a list of guidelines for selling inline skates based on ability, budget and type of
use, which she wants to see all retailers use. She has seen the purchase of inappropriate
skates all too often before. "What you should have been sold is recreational skates", she
told me.
Ordinarily, those who turn up with the wrong skates suffer the added annoyance of
missing out on a lesson because Tracy will not teach them. I was mare fortunate and, after
a small ticking off for not having knee pads, my lesson began.
Away from the critical eyes of more experienced skaters, she started me off gently,
simple skating up and down a track on the edge of the park.
"Hands out", Tracy told me repeatedly. This was not just to help break a fall, but to
prevent my tumbling altogether. Ice skaters, Tracy pointed out, keep their arms in front
not only to look elegant: it actually keeps them balanced.
To help get rid of my fear, Tracy insisted that a fall would be good for me, but that I
would have to relax for this to reduce the chances of injury. I was not so keen, but obeyed
each time she reminded me to keep my back straight and my chin up. "You don't look at
the ground when you're riding a bike", she said.
Apart from ice-skating and bicycle- riding, inline skating has similarities with ballet
and skiing, which makes it attractive to a wide range of people. An estimated sixty percent
of inline skate owners use them every week and more than half are recreational skaters. In
this country the sport is regarded as something for the young and as potentially dangerous.
Tracy, together with the National Inline Skating Association, is trying to change this impression, in the first instance by emphasising the importance of insurance and the wearing
of protective clothing in case of accidents. She would also like to see the sport more widely catered for in sports centres and health clubs, possibly through the building of indoor
skating arenas.
Having been on wheels almost every day of her life since the age of five, Tracy is
well-versed in the virtues of skating and, she claims, she never tires of the sport. "It is the
feeling of moving, of gliding, I can't quite pin it down, but it makes me feel good", she
says. Like the hundreds who start skating every week, I now know what she means.
First Certificate Practise Tests Plus 1
1.
A.
B.
C.
D.
How did the writer feel before her inline skating lesson?
A little nervous
Quite confident
Very frightened
Extremely excited
47
2.
A.
B.
C.
D.
What was wrong with the skates the writer bought?
They were of poor quality.
They were not suitable.
They did not fit her well.
They didn't work properly.
3.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Why is Tracy writing a set of guidelines?
To help people who have been injured
To advise people who are buying skates
To provide information to sales staff in shops
To tell her students what to bring to lessons
4.
A.
B.
C.
D.
"Ticking off" in line 17 means
Checking something
Waiting for something
Giving someone a reward
Telling someone they are wrong
5.
A.
B.
C.
D.
What does "this" in line 21 refer to?
Simple skating
Repeated instructions
Use of the hands
Avoiding falls
6.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Tracy compares skating and cycling in terms of
The fear people feel at first
The need to learn how to fall
The need to relax to keep balanced
The correct body position to adopt
7.
A.
B.
C.
D.
How would Tracy like to change the idea people have of inline skating?
By encouraging older people to do it
By discouraging recreational skating
By stressing the need for safety
By forming a national association
8.
A.
B.
C.
D.
After the lesson, the writer agrees with Tracy that inline skating is
Is easy to learn.
Is rather tiring.
Is hard to teach.
Is rather satisfying.
1. Decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each space.
Someone once said that there are three kinds of people who are (1)
in sport:
people who (2)
part, people who watch, and people who watch (3)
television. It's very easy to make fun of stayOat-home sports (4)
, but on the other hand,
television does enable us to enjoy all kinds of (5)
events. We can watch a racing
48
car (6)
another, see a cyclist (7)
the finishing line, or enjoy the goals of our
favourite football (8)
. The first time I watched a tennis (9)
was on television, and I found it (10)
interesting. It's not always easy to (11)
long distances to football (12)
, and television is a good solution. Of course, you can (13)
used to sitting indoors all the time, and this is dangerous. We should all try to (14)
fit, and have other interests and (15)
.
1
B really
A playing
C interested
D succeed
2
D get
A take
B have
C make
3
A on
B with
D from
C by
4
A people
B centres
C programmes
D fans
5
A the
B future
C sports
D athlete
6
A cross
D from
B overtake
C or
7
A overtake
B and
C cross
D professional
8
A group
B class
C band
D team
9
A match
B it
C which
D that
10 A valuable
B imaginatively
C unexpectedly
D real
11 A trip
B tour
C pass
D travel
12 A areas
B grounds
C teams
D fans
13 A or
B which
D is
C get
14 A keep
B make
C do
D have
15 A customs
B habits
C pastimes
D leisure
1. For Questions 1 - 10, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end
of each line to form a word that fits in the space in the same line. There is an example
at the beginning (0).
Example: (0) memorable
THE OXFORD AND CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSUTY BOAT RACE
T h e first B o a t R a c e w a s a 0) memorable o c c a s i o n a n d
t o o k p l a c e in 1 8 2 9 . O n e of t h e 1)
of t h e r a c e w a s
C h a r l e s W o r d s w o r t h , w h o h a d 2)
established the
u n i v e r s i t y c r i c k e t m a t c h in 1 8 2 7 . T o d a y , a l m o s t t w o c e n t u r i e s
later, o n e of t h e m o s t 3)
t h i n g s a b o u t t h e R a c e is
its 4)
w o r l d w i d e . In f a c t , t h e r e is e v e n a B o a t R a c e
s o c i e t y w h i c h is r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e a n n u a l 5)
of
v i d e o s o f t h e R a c e t o all its m e m b e r s .
The
Race
is r o w e d
on
the
River T h a m e s
in
L o n d o n o v e r a 6)
of a b o u t f o u r m i l e s . T h o u s a n d s
s t a n d o n t h e b a n k s t o w a t c h , h o w e v e r 7)
and cold
t h e w e a t h e r m i g h t b e . J u s t 8)
if t h e w e a t h e r is v e r y
w i n d y , a b o a t m a y fill w i t h w a t e r a n d s i n k , a 9)
s i g h t a n d o b v i o u s l y a g r e a t 10)
to the boat's crew.
1.
1
2
MEMORY
FOUND
SUCCESS
AMAZE
POPULAR
DISTRIBUTE
LONG
PLEASE
OCCASION
DRAMA
EMBARRASS
She wasn't well enough to go to school that day.
Ill
She
to school that day.
We found the concert rather disappointing.
49
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Were
We
by the concert.
Tom is too short to join the basketball team.
Enough
Tom
to join the basketball team.
I prefer to eat out rather than to cook my own meals.
To
I prefer
my own meals.
The boy could hardly understand the instructions.
difficulty
The boy
the instructions.
My parents let me go to the party.
Was
I
to the party.
Painting the whole house took us a week.
Paint
It took
the whole house.
He made me rewrite the essay.
Was
I
the essay.
Could you speak a bit louder?
Speaking
Would
a bit louder?
It was difficult for John to complete the project.
Found
John
complete the project.
MODULE 5. TRAVELLING AND MODES OF TRANSPORT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Lead-in
Are you fond of traveling?
Which places have you already visited? Which did you like most?
Where would you like to go?
What's your favourite transport?
What are the famous sights of China, Korea and Japan?
Reading
1. Look at the headline below and say what you think the article is going to be about.
2. Read through the first paragraph to find out if you are right.
3. There are four gaps in the text. Each one should contain a quotation. Choose a quotation
from the list (A - D) below to fill each gap. Write the correct letter in the space.
A "No, she was angry because the cows used to stop and look in at her as they went past the window."
B "particularly suitable for families with children"
C "they should try and sort it out with a holiday company representative there and then."
D "The fact that their hotel is next to a road. How do they expect to get to their hotel if it's not next to a
road?"
50
Dear travel
staring at me...
agent,
please
stop
the cows
For the next few weeks, tour operators will be sorting through the annual deluge of
complaints. Ron Wheal, head of customer relations for Britain's biggest holiday company,
which took more than a million abroad this summer, says, "Holidaymakers are complaining about petty, silly, little things." Such as? 1
Perhaps one of the most common complaints is that the holiday fails to live up to
brochure promises. A family from Berkshire with two young children were attracted by a
two-week package in a tree-star hotel that was described as "friendly" and 2
. It offered "cots, baby minding, high chairs and early suppers." When they arrived, the hotel
was not up to three-star standard, the staff were rude and the promised facilities were practically non-existent.
An initial complaint which have been sent to the holiday company by the family was
answered with an "ex-gratia" payment of £30. With the help of a consumer magazine, the
family issued a summons claiming £500 - which the holiday company eventually met in
full.
One of the big travel successes of recent years has been the "gite" holiday; a gite is
self-catering accommodation in France often on a farm. The director of the Gite de
France's London office recently received a telephone call from one client furious about
the cows that passed in front of her gite. Was she complaining about a mess? 3
Britain's biggest seller of long-distance holidays says that the majority of its complaints come from people who have chosen the wrong sort of holiday. People who fail to.
do their research could find themselves in the Caribbean during the hurricane season.
Mr. Wheal says that if someone really wants action over a spoilt holiday, 4
.
Those who complain to. the tour operator on their return and are unhappy with the response can take their case to the Association of British Travel Agents (ABTA) which will
provide conciliation facilities free of charge.
Focus on FCE
4. Now read the article again and mark the following statements as either true or
false. Underline the word or phrase which gives you your answer.
1) Ron Wheal thinks that the most of the complaints his company receives are reasonable.
2) The most frequent complaint is that a holiday is of a lower standard than expected.
3) The family from Berkshire expected that someone would be available to look after
their young children.
4) The first thing they did was to write a letter of complaint to the company.
5) The company paid £500 as soon as they received the letter.
6) If you stay at a gite, you have to prepare your own meals.
7) The long-distance holiday company suggests that holidaymakers should find out about
the area they intend to visit.
8) Mr. Wheal suggests that people with complaints should contact ABTA as soon as they
return home.
5. Find the word or phrase in the text. which means the same as the following:
1)
Large quantity (usually of water) (para 1)
2)
Unimportant (1)
3)
Holiday including travel and accommodation (2)
51
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
Beds for small children (2)
Almost unavailable (2)
Sent out an order to appear in court (3)
Paid completely (3)
Very angry (4)
Storm with strong wind (5)
A service which helps to bring agreement between people or groups of people (6)
6. Work with another student and find out if they:
1) Have ever had a journey or holiday when something went wrong. If so, what?
2) Have ever complained to a travel agent, tour company or hotel? If so, why?
3) Have ever complained in a restaurant? If so, why?
4) Have ever wanted to complain but felt too embarrassed. If so, when?
5) Would prefer to complain in person, by telephone or in writing, and why?
4. Report back any interesting stories you have heard, and discuss these questions:
1) What can a customer hope to achieve by complaining?
2) Is the customer always right to complain if they are dissatisfied with service?
5.Complete the following sentences with the correct prepositions. All ten prepositions
come from the text "Dear travel agent, please stop the cows staring at me..."
on
of
about
for
with
in
as
to
by
up
1) Many people were attracted
the shop's special opening offers.
2) The insurance company has agreed to meet our claim
full.
3) The shop repaired the clock completely free
charge.
4) The course was described
suitable
complete beginners.
5)
his return to England, he set about trying to find a job.
6) I didn't think his work was
to standard so I asked him to do it again.
7) He made a search of the cellar
the help of a torch.
8) The neighbours are always complaining
us
our dog.
1. Read this extract from an encyclopedia and then fill in the column for Japan in
the chart, using information from the text.
JAPAN A country of eastern Asia in the North Pacific Ocean. Japan is made up of a
chain of more than 1,000 islands, but the main ones are Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku and
Kyushu. The capital, Tokio (population: 16 million), is in Honshu. Japan is separated from
its nearest neighbor, Korea, by the Sea of Japan.
About 80% of Japan is mountainous, and the country is crossed from the north to the
south west by a mountain range. The highest peak in this range is Fujiyama (3,778 m). Japan has a large number of volcanoes, 67 of which are considered active. There are many
rivers and lakes. The longest river is the Ishikari (645 km) in Hokkaido. Earthquakes, usually harmless, are common.
52
Japan is a long country north to south, so the weather and climate vary widely. In the
northern island of Hokkaido several metres of snow fall in the winter, and the summer is
pleasantly warm, while in the southern island of Okinawa it is as hot and as humid as the
tropics most of the year. In Honshu summers are hot and humid, but the mountains are
usually fresher than the cities. The rainy season is in June and July. In the east, autumn
typhoons are frequent. Most people consider the most beautiful seasons to be spring with
its cherry blossoms, and autumn with its fiery autumn leaves.
The traditional products of Japan used to be rice, silk and fish. But since the 1960s
Japan has been one of the leading industrial nations: steel, ships, cars, cameras, etc. are
produced.
Japan
Korea
China
Russia
1 Position
2 Bordered by
3 Capital city
4 Type of scenery
5 Important geographical features
6 Climate
7 Main products
•
•
•
•
Use your notes to tell about Japan.
Now fill in the columns for Korea, China and Russia.
Use your notes to tell about the countries.
What are the main tourist destinations in these countries?
2. There are several compound adjectives, explain what they mean as in the example.
Example: A three-day course (a course which lasts three days)
A radio-controlled boat (a boat which is controlled by radio-waves)
1. A four-mile walk
2. A sad-looking baby
3. A happily-married woman
4. A blue-eyed boy
5. A style-conscious Englishwoman
6. An over-ambitious enterprise
7. A well-behaved child
8. A badly-injuredfootballer
3. Complete the second sentence using a compound adjective.
1.
The child behaves well. He is a well-behaved child.
2.
That man dresses in a scruffy manner. He is a
.
3.
This film star is very conscious of his image. This film star is very
.
4.
It takes five minutes to walk from my house to your house. It is a
from
my house to your house.
5.
They planned the attack in a very clever way. It was a very
.
6.
My cat has got short legs. It is a
.
7.
That woman always looks rather angry. She is a rather
.
8.
Her degree course took four years to complete. It was a
.
9. What is the name of that perfume that smells horrible? What is the name of that
?
53
9.
Only
Only members who carry their cards are allowed inside.
are allowed inside.
4. Complete the sentences with a comparative or superlative form, adding any words
that are needed. You may use some words twice.
boring. warm. simple. good. wonderful. lucky. intelligent. comfortable. hot old. far. difficult. cheap. bad. interesting
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
This exercise is too easy - can't we try a
one.
England's too cold in the spring - let's go to Spain where it's
.
She comes top in all the exams - she must be
girl in the class.
The temperature in July reaches 44 degrees - it's
month of the year.
Let's buy this video - it doesn't cost that much - it's
the other one.
This pen's not very good - I'd like a
one, please.
When I passed my driving test, it was the
day of my life.
Lying down in bed is
sitting on a hard chair.
Our youngest son doesn't want to be a teacher unlike
brother.
Australia is much
from Europe than I thought.
I could hardly keep awake - it was
film I've ever seen.
The rules of this game are too complicated. Can we play something
?
She's
person I know - she is always winning the prizes in lotteries.
A couple of miles is
I can walk. Then we'll have to catch the bus.
I have a
headache today than I did yesterday.
This is
restaurant in town; I'm never coming here again.
I can't do this test - can you give me
one?
She was the
person at the party and I sat next to her all evening. It was awful.
4. Some of the following are in the wrong order. Tick those which are correct and
rewrite the others in the correct order.
1. A young black man
2. A dark tall man
3. A wooden big spoon
4. A long wooden spoon
5. A birthday big delicious cake
6. A big fat Italian opera singer
7. A frying large old pan
8. A pair of black leather. riding boots
9. A pink silk beautiful blouse
10. A round large ball
11. An old big brick factory
12. An old wooden ugly desk
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Complete the following sentences with too, enough, very, so or such.
It's much
hot in here - turn the heating down.
If you've had
food, I'll take the plates away.
She doesn't speak Spanish well
to order a meal on her own.
The food was much
salty to eat.
That's a
beautiful piece of music. What is it?
54
6. I don't understand native speakers because they speak
quickly.
7. You are not writing quickly
- the test is nearly over.
8. I don't have
room in the house to put you up.
9. The film was
good. I wouldn't mind seeing it again.
10. We're
different characters I don't know how we'll manage to get on.
6.Complete the second sentence, using an appropriate form of the underlined words.
I.It was an evening I will always remember. It was a
evening.
2.We had a marvelous time. I will never forget it. It was
.
3.She's always forgetting things. She's very
.
4.This water is not good enough to drink. It is
.
5.I find her novels easy to read. Her novels are
.
6.His ideas are practical and they make sense. His ideas are
.
7.This injection will cause you a little pain. This injection will be a little
.
8.We haven't given up hope of finding survivors. We are still
that survivors will be
found.
9.I can understand her reaction. Her reaction was
.
10. The villages greeted us with hostility. The villagers gave us a
reception.
II. He does not easily tolerate others people's opinions. He is
.
12. She showed such courage, didn't she? She was
, wasn't she?
7.
Fill in each space in the following sentences with an appropriate adverb using
the words in the list.
day. soft. well. occasion. early. beauty. month. easy. careful. noise
1. The orchestra played the symphony
, I thought.
2. John spoke so
I could hardly hear him.
3. Hold the baby
, please.
4. The children played
in their bedroom and kept their father awake.
5. In Britain, some people have their newspaper delivered
.
6. The magazine is published
so we get twelve issues a year.
7. I go to the theatre
- I just don't have time to go more often.
8. You could
pass the test with a bit more work.
9. Come
if you want to find a good seat.
10. I hope you do
in your driving test.
8. Complete the sentences using the correct adverb form of the adjective or noun in
brackets.
1. He treats his dog
. (terrible)
2. If the phone doesn't work, you get your money back
. (automatic)
3. She touched him on the arm
. (gentle)
4. She turned up at the party
. (unexpected)
5. It is
too late to catch the plane now. (probable)
6. The exam was
easy and everyone passed. (surprising)
7. "I have a question", she said, raising her hand
. (shy)
8. She has to take the medicine
. (hour)
9. There was a
beautiful view from the bedroom. (true)
10. The firemen fought
to put the fire out. (heroic)
55
TEST. 1 VARIANT
1. This article describes how Gatwick Airport in the UK has made traveling easier
for business passengers. Decide which of the extracts A-G match the numbered gaps
in the text. There is one additional extract which does not belong in any of the gaps.
i
i
j A. Looking at what London Catwick Airport has done, the solution now, j
j in hindsight, seems obvious.
j
i B. But Fast Track has other benefits for the business traveler.
i
i C. The best ideas in business are quite often the most obvious.
i
i D Even at the busiest times of the day, it now takes business passengers i
i only a minute or two to pass through the barriers to go airside.
i
! E Many airlines offer attractive incentives such as free limousine and |
! helicopter transfers, advance seat reservations and priority baggage han- |
| dling.
j
j F For the busy executive, it is not so much that time means money, rather j
j that he or she usually cuts it fine when getting to the airport.
j
j G This system, called Fast Track, enables First and Business Class pas- j
j sengers from all airlines using North and South Terminals to use a special j
i dedicated route through passport control and security checks.
i
1=C
For example, business travelers passing through Europe's airports have constantly
bemoaned the fact that however much their ticket cost, or however much they were pampered in-flight the real hold-ups always came when passing through passport control and
security, or waiting in duty free.
2
That last-minute report to finish, or taking just one more phone call, has spelt disaster for many business travelers suddenly finding themselves at passport control behind a
plane-load of holidaymakers who are quite happy to take their time - after all they are going on holiday.
3
However, it is a simple fact that no other airport appeared to have tackled the problem successfully until London Gatwick became the first airport in the UK or Europe to
implement a "red carpet" priority system especially for First and Business Class travellers.
The special entry gates to the departure lounges, however, only operate up until 2
p.m. The airport's research has shown that the bulk of business travel flights were before
this time, with only a handful afterwards when the regular control points had no queues.
However, it is a position that is regularly reviewed by the airport.
6
For instance, those who have hurried to the airport without the time to pick up any
foreign currency can collect pre-ordered currency from a special Fast Track desk at the
airport's bureaux de change. Or if they travel to the airport via the Gatwick Express, they
can use the credit-card phone on the train to order the currency on the way from Victoria.
Forgotten to buy a present for that important contact you are going to meet on arrival? Instead of queuing up with the leisure travelers at the duty free counters, Fast Track pass56
holders can take advantages of their own check-out. Not surprisingly, Fast Track has been
a smash hit with London Gatwick passengers (numbers using it have increased from 40,
000 a month when it first started, to 65, 000 a month at present). Perhaps the fact that other European airports are looking at emulating the Fast Track idea shows how big a step
forward it is in taking the hassle out of business travel.
1. Fill in the gaps using one of the variants below
A GOOD START TO A HOLIDAY
I had never been to Denmark before, so when I set out to (0).a ... the ferry in early
May, I little (1) ... that by the end of the trip I'd have made such lasting friendships.
Esjberg is a (2) ... port for a cyclist's arrival, where tourist information can be (3) ...
and money changed. A cycle track (4) ... out of town and down to Ribe, where I spent my
first night. The only appointment I had to (5) ... was a meeting with a friend who was flying out in June. I wanted to (6) ... my time well, so I had planned a route which would (7)
... several small islands and various (8) ... of the countryside.
In my (9) ..., a person traveling alone sometimes meets with unexpected hospitality,
and this trip was no 10) ... On only my second day, I got into conversation with a cheerful
man who turned (11) ... to be the local baker. He insisted that I should (12) ... his family
for lunch, and, while we were eating, he contacted his daughter in Odense. Within
minutes, he had (13) ... for me to visit her and her family. Then I was (14) ... on my way
with a fresh loaf of bread to keep me (15)
and the feeling that this would turn out to be
a wonderful holiday.
1
A wondered
В suspected
Djudged
С doubted
2
A capable
В ready
D convenient
С favourable
3
A met
В united
D obtained
С established
4
A leads
В rides
D connects
С moves
5
A do
В support
D maintain
С keep
6
A take
В serve
D use
С exercise
7
A include
В contain
D consist
С enclose
8
A sectors
В parts
D places
С zones
9
A experience
В knowledge С observation
D information
10 A difference
В change
D contrast
С exception
11 A up
В out
D over
С in
12 A greet
В see
D approach
С join
13 A arranged
В fixed
D ordered
С settled
14 A passed
В sent
D put
С begun
15 A doing
В making
D going
С being
1.
For Questions 1- 10, read the text below. Use the word given in ca
end of each line to form a word that fits in the space in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). Note the tips below the text.
Example: explorer
EXPLORE
LAY
VISIT
BELIEVE
CONNECT
POSSIBLE
SELECT
ATTRACT
SAND
POINT
DIFFICULT
57
4. Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word in bold.
1
I had some exciting news from my cousins in Belgium.
Cousins
The news I had from
exciting.
2
Not much evidence was found by the police.
Little
The police
evidence.
3
Very few people attended the ceremony.
Not
The ceremony
people.
4
The day was so lovely that we decided to go on a picnic.
Such
It was
that we decided to go on a picnic.
5
It was such an exciting film that we watched it twice.
So
The film
we watched it twice.
6
She always smiles very sweetly when I see her.
Way
She always smiles
when I see her.
7
Tim was the hardest working employee in the company.
Than
Tim
any other employee in the company.
8
Lulu is the best dancer of all.
As
No one else
Lulu.
9
Can you find a better photograph than that?
The
Is that
you can find?
10 James isn't as sociable as Mark.
Than
James
Mark.
TEST. 2 VARIANT
1.
You are going to read a magazine article about the Hebrides Islands in Scotland. Seven sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences
A - H the one which fits each gap (1 - 6). There is one extra sentence which you do
not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0).
BRITAIN'S. WILDEST PLACE.
by Jon Orchard-Smith
It was just after 5 a.m. and the summer sun was rising over the mountains as
Marguerite Explorer sailed out of the loch into the calm waters of the sea. I was at the
wheel - under the watchful eye of the captain. A few of the other dozen passengers and
crew were on deck, clutching mugs of coffee. 0). H. In the morning light, a dozen dolphins, grey and graceful, were swimming straight towards us.
The Hebrides, a group of islands off the Scottish coast, offer tourists a diversity
of wildlife and scenery with few equals in the UK. 1)
In places it is possible to see
58
such marine animals from the shore, but to have the best views, you need to be on. a
boat.
2)
The Marguerite Explorer was the first boat to offer whale-watching holidays throughout the Hebrides. Under the command of Christopher Swann, the crew of
theMarguerite have worked with some of the world's leading sea-life scientists. They
are very knowledgeable guides to the islands.
The Hebridan archipelago stretches nearly 250 miles from top to bottom, covers
over a hundred miles from side to side, and has about 2,500 miles of coastline. 3)
This relative lack of people, together with freedom from pollution, helps to make the
Hebrides a haven foe rare flowers and plants.
4)
Some of the islands are under threat from mining and throughout the islands, developments such as farms, which are vital for local economy, affect the environments too.
The Hebrides have their share of problems, but they are unbelievably beautiful.
Why, then, aren't they packed with tourists? While visitors are an increasingly important part of the island economy, tourism is still low key, compared with some other
parts of Britain. The answer may be that the prevailing Hebridan climate is wet and
windy. 5)
Another discouraging factor is the wildlife the tourists least want to see - the insects, especially the mosquitoes. Particularly, between July and September, visitors can
expect to be severely bitten. Like so many wild places, the Hebrides can be gard on visitors. 6) ___ And you will feel you will want to return to them, as I felt when I approached the end of my journey in the Marguerite Explorer.
First Certificate Practice Tests Plus 1
A.
There are now a number of such companies offering such trips.
B.
However, only about 40 out of the hundreds of islands are permanently inhabited.
C.
This is more than enough to put off the casual guest.
D.
And in the waters around them you can find not only dolphins but whales and the
mighty sea eagle as well.
E.
But once you've watched dolphins leap through the dazzling water around your
boat, you'll think they are paradise.
F.
Moreover, the fate of the islands and their people are bound together.
G.
Despite being relatively unspoilt, the Hebrides are also pressing many pressures.
H.
Suddenly someone shouted: a splash in the water, half a mile away.
2.
Choose the most suitable word for each space.
In most capital cities, which were built (1) ... before the heyday of the private car,
there is rarely enough (2) ... for moving traffic, and certainly not enough for parked (3) ...
Buses move slowly because of the volume of (4) ... thus encouraging more commuters to
abandon public (5) ... Banning traffic from some areas may help, but such a (6) ... may
not actually diminish the number of cars coming into the city. What has happened in effect
is that the (7) ... of the private car have become the number one priority, and the older
functions of the city centre as meeting (8) ... and focus for social life have been lost. The
new city cannot (9) ... without a series of ring roads. Giant car parks are. its new palaces
and cathedrals. During the working hours of the day, there is the constant (10) ... of traffic, but at night the centre is almost empty, apart from a few homeless in doorways. Most
people have (11) ... back to the suburbs, and very few of those who live in the centre have
59
cars, for often there is nowhere to park them. The old city, with its narrow streets, may
still retain a lively (12) ... but that may be because it exists as an island, where no cars are
(13) ... Unless the local authorities have not yet plucked up the courage to (14) ... most
traffic from the streets, in which case the city centre is (15) ... by day, and a gigantic car
park by night.
D even
1
A far
B long
C much
В roads
2
A area
C space
D speed
В pedestrians
3
A vehicles
C drivers
D areas
В noise
D traffic
4
A this
C congestion
B transport
D restrictions
5
A means
C order
В issue
6
A area
C solution
D way
D uses
7
A numbers
В. needs
C car parks
D this
8
A people
B others
C place
В survive
9
A build
C plan
D construct
A din.
В amount
D filling
10
C parking
B left
D got
11
A parked
C commuted
B role
12
A activity
C air
D population
A going
D entering
13
B permitted
C banned
14
A leave
B direct
C ban
D regulate
B sparse
15
A surrounded
C congested
D deserted
For questions 1-10, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the
3.
end of each line to form a word that fits in the space in the same line.
IS A GOOD HOLIDAY WHAT I NEED?
DEPART
It is two hours before 1
time and I still haven't set
INFORM
off for the airport, although the ticket 2
says I am supFLY
posed to be there at least one and a half hours before the
3
is due to take off. I have always considered this policy totally 4
and so tend to arrive at the airport as late
NECESSA
as I can. This habit of mine was almost 5
the last time I RY
DISASTER
set off for the airport by train. Everything was going 6
SMOOTH
and I was feeling quite relaxed, when suddenly the train
stopped and an 7
was made that we had to change
ANNOUN
trains for what they referred to as 8'
' reasons. Of course
this was another way of saying the train had broken down CE
and it meant a delay of about twenty minutes. As if that
TECHNIQ
wasn't enough, on 9
at the airport there was a huge UE
queue at the check-in counter. There had been a 10
bomb threat and everyone had to go through a thorough security check before finally boarding the plane.
ARRIVE
TERROR
4.
1
You need flour to make pancakes.
Needed
Flour
pancakes.
2
The story was very sad and I almost cried.
That
The story was
I almost cried.
60
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
There aren't many eggs left in the fridge.
Are
There
in the fridge.
Many students consider physics a difficult subject.
Considered
Physics
a difficult subject by many students.
Not much information was given to us by the travel agent.
Gave
The travel agent
information.
As he practices more, he becomes better.
The
The
he becomes.
Italian and Spanish are thought to sound alike.
To
Italian is thought
Spanish.
I have never stayed at such a comfortable hostel.
The
It's
I've ever stayed at.
I work the same number of hours as Vicky.
Many
I work
Vicky.
She's the most imaginative chef I've ever met.
As
No other chef
she is.
MODULE 6.
CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS
Lead-in
1. Are you a superstitious person? Discuss with your partner your lucky number, colour,
day, pen, item of clothes, name, animal.
2. Discuss in groups different superstitions and answer the following questions to find out
who of you is the most superstitious?
How superstitious are you?
1
Would you sleep in a hotel room numbered 13?
2
Would you be happy to sit for an important exam on Friday 13th?
3
Would it be important for you to have a "white wedding"?
4
Have you ever said, "Touch wood'?
5
Do you ever cross your fingers as a sign of good luck?
6
If there were a ladder on the pavement, would you avoid walking under it?
7
Do you believe that if you praise someone too much, you bring him or her bad luck?
8
How would you feel if a black cat crossed your path just before you went in to take
an important exam?
9
Do you believe that anybody can put the evil eye on you?
10 Would you return home again without looking at yourself in the mirror?
11 Would you talk about the deceased people at night?
Reading
1.
Read the following texts about different superstitions all over the world. For
the questions below, choose your answers from the names of the occasions. (When
more than one answer is required, these may be given in any order. Some choices may be
required more than once.)
61
A Breaking a mirror
B Thirteen
C Cats
D The bride's dress
E Rice
F The evil eye
G Touching wood
Which superstition or superstitions (s):
is to do with getting married?
involves a specific period of bad luck?
involves saying something?
involves people wearing something?
involves your hand?
involves an accident?
will affect which room people sleep in?
encourages people to be modest?
involves throwing food at someone?
can affect important days in your life?
involves an animal?
may be found only in Christian countries?
involves eating together?
has connections with the soul?
is connected with a special colour?
may be found only in Mediterranean countries?
may bring you good or bad luck?
wishes you a lot of children?
is connected with a Scandinavian myth?
1
2
3 ...
4 ... 5 ..
6 ... 7 ..
8 ...
9 ...
10 .
11 .
12 .
13 .
14 .
15 .
16 .
17 .
18 .
19 .
20 .
21 .
22 .
-VHE ROOTS OF THE SUPERSTITIONS
A
Breaking a mirror
The superstition that if you break a mirror, you'll have seven years' bad luck, comes
from the belief in ancient times that a person's reflection was part of his soul. As a result,
people used to think that if you broke anything with this reflection on it, such as a mirror,
you would harm the soul.
B
Thirteen
In most hotels all over the world, you will not find a room with the number thirteen,
and if the hotel is a skyscraper, it will go from twelve to floor fourteen. The superstition
that thirteen is unlucky can be traced back to a Scandinavian myth. There were originally
only twelve gods and then along came the god Loki to make thirteen. Loki was a mischievous god who brought suffering to people. Nowadays, people avoid planning important
events on Friday 13 (or Tuesday 13 h in some cultures), and if things go wrong that day,
like the loss of a wallet or a key, they blame it on the date.
C
Cats
Cats have always been surrounded by superstitions. In ancient Egypt cats were considered sacred, but in medieval Europe many people believed cats were witches in disguise. A popular superstition about cats is that a black cat, crossing your path from left to
62
right, will bring you bad luck. However, in some cultures a black cat is thought to be a
good omen rather than a bad one.
D
The bride's dress
There are some customs connected with the marriage ceremony, which go back
thousands of years. When the bride puts on her white dress, she is wearing the sacred colour of the Greeks, which represents purity and innocence. Like a modern bride, the ancient
Greek bride wore a veil and a crown and was carried over the threshold by the groom. On
the day she gets married, a woman is supposed to wear "something old, something new,
something borrowed and something blue". Blue in the rhyme stands for truth.
E
Rice
In certain primitive tribes the act of eating rice together was the way people got married. This was probably because eating together symbolized living together and rice happened to be the local food. In some cultures rice is thrown at weddings to protect the couple from evil spirits. It was believed that evil spirits appeared at weddings and had to be
fed to keep them from doing harm to the newlyweds. Rice is also thrown at weddings because it represents fertility and is a symbolic way of wishing the couple many children.
F
The evil's eye
In some Mediterranean countries, the "evil eye" refers to the fact that if you say
something good about someone, you might bring them bad luck. This probably began
when people believed that if you praise someone a lot and give them pleasure, the devil
becomes envious and finds ways of spoiling that pleasure. Saying a baby is beautiful may
bring bad luck, so superstitious people often pretend to be secretive and say to the child
"Let me not give you the evil eye". People also think they can protect themselves from the
evil eye by not boasting about their success.
G
Touching wood
In many Christian countries, "Touch wood" is a superstitious expression that is supposed to prevent bad luck. Often people actually touch wood as they say it, and if there is
nothing made of wood within reach, they touch their head or someone else's head instead.
If someone asks "Have you ever had a car accident?" you might reply "No, touch wood",
meaning "I hope it never happens» The origin of this custom dates almost certainly from
the time when people wore a crucifix made of wood and touched it as if to say "May
Christ protect me»
(taken from: www. tellallproductions. coml./superstition)
2.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
3.
Find words/phrases in the article, which mean the following.
from a long time ago
an image you see in a mirror or water
badly behaved
dressed as someone else
a sign that something is going to happen in the future
injury, damage
jealous
to stop something from happening
Fill in the correct word (s) from the list below. Use the words only once.
by, go, over, come, with, back to, puts, at, stands, from
1
from the belief
2
from floor
3 be traced
4 be surrounded
superstitions
5 some customs are connected
6 bride
on her white dress
63
7 be carried
the threshold
8 the rhyme
for the truth
9
rice is thrown
weddings
10
they can protect themselves _
64
4. Discuss with your partner the following questions.
1.
Do you believe in superstitions?
2.
What for, in your opinion do they exist?
3.
Do you have some friends or relatives who strongly believe in superstitions? (give
some examples of their superstitions)
4.
Do most people in the world have similar superstitions or not? (prove your pinion)
1. Guess the meaning of the following proverbs, and then fill in the gaps in the sentences below.
A. give a dog a bad name.
C. a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
B. after dark all cats are leopards.
D. curiosity killed the cat.
1
If I were in your shoes I'd not try to know their secret. As a proverb says
.
2
It doesn't matter how they'll look at night as
.
3
You can't cry for the moon. To my mind,.
.
4
If you don't want anybody give your puppy the evil eye, you should
.
2. The following words are related to superstitions. Decide which ones bring good or bad luck.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
a clover with four leaves;
burning cheeks or ears;
a horseshoe over the door of a new house;
to spill salt;
to walk under the ladder;
to meet or pass someone on the stairs;
to see two magpies;
Friday the 13th.
3. Use the prepositions below to complete the sentences that follow.
on. with. of. in. to. at. as. against. after. from. except. between
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
4.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Unfortunately, this festival is quite different
the previous one.
I'm pretty keen
British culture.
She is not very fond
fireworks, but her son is.
All of us look forward
New Year's Day coming.
These Christmas cards are the same
the ones I bought.
This holiday is usually celebrated
night.
David is always interested
traditional British holidays.
We were not
his birthday celebration.
I could not imagine my life without holidays
all.
Are there any common holidays
Great Britain and the USA.
Everything is ready
a wedding cake.
Choose the most suitable word underlined in each sentence.
Their traditional suits/costumes are covered with beautiful embroidery.
The religious procession/process made its way through the narrow streets of the town.
The crowd composed/gathered to watch the acrobat perform.
I'll always remind/remember their beautiful wedding.
Let's meet at the entry/entrance of the concert hall.
I'm afraid I don't find this festival very interested/interesting.
65
7 Participating in the housewarming party is John's favorite leisure/occupation/pastime.
8 I think the celebration/celebrity of this holiday was great.
9 Celebrating this holiday requires wearing masks/marks.
10 The ceremony usually takes pride/takes place in a church.
5. Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a
word that fits in the space in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (o).
In fact, our (0) knowledge about Native American is not full.
KNOW
On the Plains of North America, tribes such as the Sioux
roamed on horseback, (1)
buffalo. The buffalo gave them
HUNT
everything they needed to live. They ate its meat and used its skin and fur for
(2)
and for their teepees, also carved buffalo bones into knives and
CLOT
tools. The clothes of the Plains Indians were (3)
with beads, and their H
hair - with eagle feathers. These (4)
Indians were depicted as savages
DECO
in TV dramas and films about the American West. The Sioux gave RATE
(5)
for the wagon trains of settlers heading west to pass through
PRIDE
their lands. But then the whites began to settle in the Plains. At first, the
Sioux made treaties with the (6)
, giving up large pieces of their
PERMI
land. In return, the government promised them peace, food, schools and T
fair (7)
to all conflicts. It signed an
(8)
that the vast lands between the Missouri River and the
GOVE
Rocky Mountains were to remain Sioux territory, on which the whites were RN
(9)
to settle. Six years later came the
SOLVE
(10)
of gold in the Black Hills of South Dakota, a land the
AGRE
Sioux considered sacred.
E
FORBI
D
DISCO
VER
6. Join the sentences using who(m), which or whose, as in the example.
1 I am reading a novel. It is very interesting.
I am reading a novel which is very interesting.
2 She lives in a block of flats. It has twenty floors.
3
Mr. Lawrence is retiring. His daughter graduated from university last year.
4
My father works in a shoe factory. He is forty years old.
5
Edward broke the vase. It was on top of the piano.
6
He is getting married to a woman. She is a firefighter.
7. Fill the relative pronoun or adverb. Put commas where necessary.
1
2
3
Our dog, whose name is Butch, is a two-year-old Alsatian. (NI, cannot be omitted)
Manuel
works at the bakery is Spanish.
I'll never forget the year
I won my first medal.
66
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
The playroom
has recently been redecorated is on the ground floor.
The restaurant
Jake and I had dinner last night is very expensive.
He doesn't know the reason
she didn't phone him.
Uncle Tom
speaks six languages is coming to visit next week.
My favourite day of the week is Friday
the weekend begins.
Mrs Harris was the secretary
I spoke to the first time I called your office.
The man
car was stolen has gone to the police station.
People
park here will be fined.
The CD
you lent me last week is scratched.
She doesn't know the reason
she failed the test.
People
have any information should contact the police.
The hospital
I had my operation has a very good reputation.
7. Fill the correct relative pronoun.
Hy-on-Wye is a charming town (1)
lies on the river Wye in South Wales. The
town, (2)
has existed since Roman times, is known throughout Wales for its colourful wellkept gardens. The people, for (3)
gardening is more than a hobby, take part
in a national competition (4)
decides which town has the best gardens. The town is
also popular with people (5)
enjoy fishing, especially for the trout and salmon (6)
swim in the river. The Bull Inn, (7)
you can find a wide selection of fish, is
ideal for those (8)
like to eat fish but don't enjoy fishing. The owner, (9)
grandparents opened the inn in 1920, only serves fish (10)
have been caught that day.
8. Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word in bold.
1
The woman wearing the blue hat is Joana's mother.
Who
The woman
hat is Joana's mother.
2
Pete is getting married. He is my favourite cousin.
Who
Pete,
, is getting married.
3
You were introduced to a man. He is my boss.
Whom
A man
ios my boss.
4
This is MRS. Philips. Her flat got burgled last night.
Whose
This is MRS. Philips
last night.
5
This is the shirt. I bought it from Harrods.
That
This is the shirt
Harrods.
6
The car parked outside is my brother's.
Which
The car
is my brother's.
7
The building where I work is on Lake Avenue.
Which
The building
is on Lake Avenue.
8
She helped me do the washing-up. That was kind of her.
Which
She helped me do the washing-up,
of her.
9
I have two watches. Both of them are solid gold.
Which
67
I have two watches
solid gold.
The man carrying the briefcase is the headmaster.
Who
The man
briefcase is the headmaster.
TEST. 1 VARIANT
1. Read the following texts about social rules in the United Kingdom. For the questions below, choose your answers from the names of the occasions on the right.
A Harrods
B English parties
C Time for English people
D Acquaintance
E Meeting people
F Entertainments
In which situation or situations (s)
should you make a small talk?
1.
should you keep an eye on the time?
2. . 3 .
should you keep your distance?
4.
is a small gift appropriate?
5.
should you wait in a queue?
6.
should you not ask about people's political beliefs?
7 ....
might you have to buy someone a drink?
should you ask permission from your host?
8. .
where can you buy something to eat?
9 . ..
when should not you ask about people's
10 ... 11 ...
age and weight?
12 . .
should you kiss women on the cheek?
should you pay attention to hosts' pyjamas?
13
should you wear anything unusual at
14 ....
English parties?
when is your food free of charge?
15 ....
where can you have a snack?
16 ...
where do you use first names?
17 ... 18 ...
where can you find common expressions
19 . . .
for meeting people?
20 . 21 .
where should you arrive on time?
22 .
10
AVOID CULTER SHOCK
Harrods
Harrods is a tourist attraction, but for shopping in London try other big department
stores, such as Selfridges, Lewis's and Debenhams. A good place for clothes is Marks and
Spencer. Take a stroll along Oxford Street, the main shopping centre. When there are sales
on, you are allowed, and even expected, to bargain with the shop assistant to try and get a
better price for goods. If there are a lot of people, you should wait your turn to be served.
Most large stores also have restaurants where customers can have lunch or a quick snack.
English parties
68
If you are invited to dinner at someone's home, you should take some flowers or a
box of chocolates. If you are invited to an informal party, it is quite common to take a bottle of wine or even a few bottles of beer. At English parties men are expected to wear a
suit and tie. If you wish to bring a friend along, that's fine, but it is polite to ask first. You
are not expected to turn up with very expensive presents.
Time for English people
People in Britain are generally quite careful about time. When you are invited to
someone's house, you should either arrive on time or no later than fifteen minutes after the
time arranged. If in doubt, give your hosts a ring. You should be careful about overstaying
your welcome. Look out for signs of tiredness in your hosts. The best time to leave is
when they appear with their pyjamas on. You can say, 'Well, I think it's time we were going ...'
Acquaintance
Usually in Britain we introduce people by their first name or their first name and
surname together. Most people use first names at informal parties. It is usual to shake
hands with men and to kiss women on the cheek when you are introduced to them. Do not
embrace, however, on this first encounter, and do not stand too close to the other person.
As you are introduced to someone you say, 'How do you do?' or 'Pleased to meet you.'
You need not wait to be introduced - just introduce yourself.
Meeting people
You can 'break the ice' with strangers by talking about the weather: The same about
the weather.' 'Is it still raining?' or 'Bit chilly today, don't you think?' When you have broken the ice like this, you can then go on to ask the person you are talking to how much
money they earn. Another good topic for conversation is work. However, people do not
like talking about politics except in a general way, and you should avoid asking them what
political party they vote for. On first meeting someone, it is also not appropriate to ask
about their age or how much they weigh.
Entertainments
A pub is where you drink beer or other alcoholic drinks, but light refreshments are
also available. Pubs serve drinks at fixed times and generally accept last orders at about 11
pm. It may be difficult to get a drink after this time. At lunch-time and sometimes in the
evening, food is served. If you order more than three pints of beer, the food is free of
charge, so drink as much as you can and then ask (politely) for your free meal. People may
pay for their own drinks or take it in turns to buy a 'round', in other words, to pay for the
whole group.
2. For questions 1-15, read the text below and decide which word A, B, C or D best
fits each space. There is an example at the beginning (0).
WEDDING CUSTOMS IN TURKEY
Marriage being an important (0)
B
of social life, the act of wedding in the
old Turkish society was (1)
with a great many ceremonies and rites. These
were to prevent the future spouses (2)
harm, diseases and venomous forces. Traditionally the wedding cycle is (3)
into three stages: 1. pre-wedding
69
period;. 2. the wedding feast (4)
. itself;. 3. post-wedding period. During the
pre-wedding period the family of a man chose a girl, matchmaker, got the (5)
of the girl and her family, then the (6)
. followed. The enin
the
bride's
house
with
the
bridegroom's relgagement ceremony was (7)
atives coming and bringing gifts for her. These gifts mainly were national sweetmeats,
remnants, shoes, silk and woolen stockings and sugar-loaf. They were put on big salvers
(8)
in embroidered covers and were called Honcha. A ring was given (9)
a bride during the engagement. The period between the engagement and
the wedding by itself could (10)
from 2 months to 2 years, (11)
to current situation. This time was used to (12)
the
dower of a bride. Several days previous (13)
the wedding such a ceremony as (14)
the wedding. dress was observed, when women of the
both parties to entertain and cut (15)
the wedding dress for the bride.
0
A. news
B. event
C. affair
D. case
1 A. indicated
B. enhanced
C. showed
D. increased
A. from
B. with
2
C. on
D. at
A. formed
B. combined
3
C. consisted
D. divided
A. with
B. in
4
C. by
D. about
5
A. consent
B. accord
C. assent
D. agreement
6
A. dance
B. marriage
C. engagement
D. divorce
7
A. organized
B. held
C. made
D. arranged
8
A. wrappe
B. wrappers
C. wrapped
D. wrapping
A. with
9
B. to
C. for
D. at
C. go
10 A. be
B. continue
D. last
11 A. according
B. besides
C. due
D. without
B. make
D. cook
12 A. purchase
C. prepare
D. before
13 A. for
B. to
C. with
14 A. cutted
B. cut
C. cutting
D. cuts
B. on
15 A. out
C. off
D. at
3.
Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each
form a word that fits in the space in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (o).
WHAT ARE MARITAL RITUALS?
Rituals are social interactions that are (0) repeated, coordinated,
REPEATED
and (1)
. This is the classical, or rather anthropological. (2) LY
going back to van Gennep's work in 1908. Rituals can (3)
SIGNIFICA
everyday interactions, or they could be once a year, but
they're repeated. They're also (4)
DEFINE
You have to know what is expected of you in a ritual; you can't
BEEN
have a meal ritual together if you don't know when to (5)
.
COORDINA
up for it, and you can't. (6)
together if you don't know
what kind of dance you are going to do. You're not going to have (7) TION
of a sexual life if you don't end up in the same space at
the same time. Rituals are not only repeated and coordinated, they are
SHOWN
significant. A ritual is something that has positive (8)
(9)
DANCING
to both parties. This matter of significance is what distinguishes a ritual from a routine. A (10)
routine is something
MORE
that you do over and over in a coordinated way, but that does not have
70
much emotional meaning.
EMOTION
MEANT
MARRY
4.
1
This cabinet cantains our old files.
Which
This is
our old files.
2
Leslie owns four cars. None of them is a convertible.
Which
Leslie owns for cars,
a convertible.
3
We met several people in Bali. Most of them were holidaymakers.
Whom
We met several people in Bali,
holidaymakers.
4
That's the hotel we stayed at last summer.
Where
That's
last summer
5
Mary Brown is the receptionist, John was talking to her a minute ago.
Who
Mary Brown,
a minute ago, is the receptionist.
6
Lilly is the teacher. Her class did very well in the exam.
Whose
Lilly is
did very well in the exam.
7
It was very nice of him to invite us all to his party.
Which
He invited us all to his party,
.
8
I spent the whole summer with the Smiths.
Whom
The Smiths are the people
the whole summer.
9
It was a pity that we missed the beginning of the film.
Which
We missed the beginning
a pity.
10 He gave us directions. That was helpful of him.
Which
He gave us directions,
of him.
TEST. 2 VARIANT
1.
Read the following texts about different superstitions all over the world. For
the questions below, choose your answers from the names of the occasions on the
right.
ANIMALS AND SUPERSTITIONS
A Bats
B Albatross
C Birds
D Bees
E Cats
F Rats
Which animal, insect or superstition (s):
71
is connected with a good life?
foretell weather conditions?
involves urgent news?
involve entertaining guests?
is connected. with dead sailors?
predicts shipwreck?
involve a death sign?
are connected with sea?
involves getting money?
are connected with a world of darkness?
involve preserving an animal?
may be found only in some countries?
is connected with a special colour?
has connections with the soul?
may bring you good or bad luck?
A
1 ...
2
3
8 ...
9.
10 .
12 .
14 .
15 .
17 ...
19 .
20 .
21 .
22 .
4
11 .
13 .
16 .
18 ...
Bats
A bat means long life and happiness, a good omen, to the Chinese and Poles. If a bat
lands on your head, you should hope the Cricket sees rain coming because the bat won't
get off until it hears thunder. When you see a bat, you might actually be seeing the Devil,
a witch, a ghost, or Dracula. Bats have always had a connection with witches, and can
have good or bad connotation, depending on the tradition. According to one, if a bat flies
three times around a house, it is a death omen. Conversely, when bats come out early and
fly about playfully, it is a sign of good weather to come.
B
Albatross
In the days of sail, an albatross flying round a ship in mid-ocean was an omen of
wind and bad weather to come. It was very unlucky to kill it because it was thought to
embody the restless soul of some dead mariner.
C
Birds
A bird that flies into a house, foretells an important message. The white bird foretells death. A bird calls from the north means tragedy; from the south is good for crops;
from the west is good luck; from the east, good love.
I
Bees
If a bee enters your home, it's a sign that you will soon have a visitor. If you kill the
bee, you will have bad luck,
or the visitor will be unpleasant.
Bees have often been regarded as wise and even holy insects, having foreknowledge as
well as knowledge of many secret matters. In antiquity they were sometimes divine messengers, and their constant humming was believed to be a hymn of praise. Because of their
status it is still considered unlucky in some places to kill a bee. If a bee flies into the house
it is a sign of great good luck, or of the arrival of a stranger; however, the luck will only
hold if the bee is allowed to either stay or to fly out of the house of its own accord. A bee
landing on someone's hand is believed to foretell money to come, while if the bee settles
on someone's head it means that person will rise to greatness.
72
E
Cats
Cats can forecast the weather: they predict the wind by clawing at carpets and curtains; rain is highly likely when a cat busily washes its ears. In mythology, the cat was believed to have great influence on the weather. Witches who rode on storms took the form
of cats. The dog, an attendant of the storm king Odin, was a symbol of wind. Cats came to
symbolize down-pouring rain, and dogs to symbolize strong gusts of wind. This may be
where the phrase "it's raining cats and dogs" originated. Some people believed that if a cat
washes its face and paws in the parlor, company's coming. If a cat continually looks out a
window on any day, rain is on the way. A black cat seen from behind foretells a bad omen.
F
Rats
It is forbidden to kill rats on a ship, this is a sign of bad luck. And of course, how
can we forget the rats? If rats desert the ship, it is about to sink. Sailors believed that if rats
were seen deserting a ship even before it sails, this is a sign that if the ship sails that same
day, it will never return.
(taken from: www. tellallproductions. coml./superstition)
2. For questions 1 - 15, read the text below and decide which word A,B,C or D best
fits each space. There is an example at the beginning.
FESTIVALS IN IRELAND
No one knows for certain how many festivals take (0) _B _. in Ireland, but there are
more, than in almost any other country in the world. There is a story about somebody who
once tried to (1)
a list of all the Irish festivals, but gave (2)
when
they got to 2.000. I was seventeen and had just (3)
college when I began
photographing festivals in the (4)
1960's. in those days there were fewer
festivals and people were not as interested (5)
them as they are now. Some
people even considered them to be silly and embarrassing. I, on the other (6)
, loved them and even now, over twenty years later, I am (7)
fascinated by festivals. At different times they have moved me to laughter, tears, and pain. At a true festival, there are no (8)
, only participants.
Everyone from babies to (9)
people take part, (10)
behind
everyday life to act out their fantasies. No other event can do that, and I have recorded
these special (11)
with my camera. Festivals also show how time (12)
and ideas change. In the 1980's many were revised or updated. Women
and children demanded a (13)
beside men in the Holy Week procession.
This holiday grew into a 72-hour round-the-clock party (14)
by more than
a million people. There are also new festivals. Many of them, invented in our own time,
could become the traditions of (15)
.
0
A. part
B. place
C. time
D. space
B. make. . . .
D. form
1
A. do
C. fix.
A. off
2
B. through
C. up
D. out
A. run
3
B. abandoned
C. left
D. dropped
A. half
D. mid4
B. central
C. medium
A.
in
5
B. to
C. for
D. about
6
A. side
B. hand
C. end
D. place
7
A. yet
B. however
C. still
D. already
8
A. witnesses
B. viewers
C. spectators
D. audiences
9
A. ancient
B. antique
C. elder
D. old
10 A. leaving
B. falling
C. letting
D. getting
73
11
12
13
14
15
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
minutes
travels
part
visited
next
B.
B.
B.
B.
B.
instances
passes
role
attended
late
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
moments
goes
place
presented
following
D. frames
D. moves
D. standard
D. done
D. future
3. Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a
word that fits in the space in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (o).
SUPERSTITIONS
Many people (0) believe in horoscope or 'stars' in magazines,
BELIEF
sometimes they may thank their lucky stars for a piece of (1)
WELL
fortune. When things go wrong they may say 'Just my
luck!' (2)
their own bad luck, or look back on an
BLAMELES
(3)
act that has, in some (4)
way, S
caused their current problem. There are many other ways, apart
LUCK
from reading a horoscope, of (5)
out what will hapEXPLAIN
pen in the future. Fortune - (6)
. at fairs use a crystal
FOUND
ball or read a palm (= look at the lines on a (7)
TOLD
hand) to foretell the future. Other people use tarot cards (= special
PEOPLE
cards with pictures on) or read tea (8)
(= look at the
size and arrangement of tea leaves (9)
after a cup of
LEAF
tea). Some people take all this (10)
but many treat it as
LEAVE
fun. Children, especially girls, have games that they believe will
SERIOUS
tell them whom they will marry.
4.
1
That's the village I went to last summer
Which
That's the village
last summer.
2
She let us use her car, which was very kind of her.
Of
It was
let us use her car.
3
That's Ann. Her father is the head teacher.
Whose
That's
the head teacher.
4
1969 is the year when man first walked on the moon.
In
1969 is
first walked on the moon.
5
Sean has four sons: three of them are firefighters.
Of
Sean has four sons,
firefighters.
6
That woman taught us ballet last year.
Who
That's
ballet last year.
7
Father brought home some video tapes. All of them were adventures.
All
Father brought home some video tapes,
adventures.
8
You were talking to a woman. She is my teacher.
Whom
The woman
is my teacher.
9
Helen is coming to visit. She is my best friend.
74
10
Who
Helen
, is coming to visit.
The bicycle leaning on the fence is Martin's.
Which
The bicycle
on the fence is Martin's.
KEYS
MODULE 1
Reading 1F 2T 3F 4T 5F 6F 7F 8T
Ex.1
Ex.2
1D 2G 3E 4I 5B 6J 7F 8A 9C 10H
1 punctual
2 cheerful
3 reliable
4 frank
5 selfish
6 determined
7 mean
8 bad-tempered
9 considerate
10 honest
Ex. 3
1 rude
2 mean
3 strict
4 lazy
5 shy
6 jealous
7 aggressive
8 thoughtful
9 patient
10 generous
Grammar and Vocabulary
Ex.4
1 enjoyable
2 formal
3 embarrassed
4 usual
5 typical
6 anxious
7 sympathetic
8 bad-tempered
9 amusing
10 tiresome
11 shy
75
12 afraid
13 nervous
14 ordinary
15 ashamed
Ex.5
1 of
11 with
2 by
12 about
3 with
13 to
4 with.. .about 14 with
5 about
15 of
6 of
16 with . about
7 with
17 to.. for
8 at
18 of
9 to
19 about
10 with
20 with
21 of smth
22 to
23 about
24 about
Ex. 6
Ex.7
1 memorable
2 unforgettable
3 forgetful
4 drinkable
5 readable
6 sensible
7 painful
8 understandable
9 tolerant
10 courageous
1 cheerful
2 reliable
3 dangerous
4 helpful
5 supportive
6 aggressive
7 carelessly
8 frightened
Key Word transformation
1 promised to send
2 threatened to send him
3 invited us
4 exclaimed that it was
5 apologise to her for interrupting
6 insisted on my finishing
7 refused to give Steve
8 suggested going for a picnic
9 denied leaving / having left / she had left
10 reminded us to pack
TESTS
76
1 variant
Reading
1 DS
2F
3F
4F
5T
6F
7 DS
8F
9F
10 F
Multiple Choice
1A
2C
3D
4A
5C
6B
7B
8A
9C
10 D
11 C
12 D
13 C
14 A
15 D
2 variant
F
F
T
F
T
F
DS
F
F
T
C
A
B
D
C
A
B
D
B
C
A
D
C
B
C
Word formation
1 famous
2 young
3 charming
4 careful
5 interesting
6 restful
7 talented
significant
relatively
miserable
ungrateful
valuable
careful
active
Key word transformation
1 variant
1 refused to tell
2 accused Mark of stealing/ having stolen
3 if I (had) enjoyed myself
77
4 admitted (to) breaking/ having broken
5 offered to open
6 promised to wash
7 asked him to pass
8 warned them not to touch
9 apologised for shouting
10 where I had put her
2 variant
1 threatened to take them
2 complained of having
3 advised him to exercise
4 denied reading/ having read
5 whether he could see
6 reminded Tom to pay
7 suggested baking/ that we bake a cake
8 ordered the soldier to
9 agreed to drive
10 warned me not to touch
MODULE 2
Reading
1F
2T
3T
4F
5F
6T
7T
8F
Ex.1
1 vegetables
2 meat
3 fish
4 red
5 dairy
6 cheese
7 nuts
8 gourmet
9 wine
10 chef
78
Ex.2
Vegetables: lettuce, courgette, cabbage, cauliflower, spinach, cucumber, aubergine
Fish: salmon, trout, plaice, mackerel, smoked salmon, cod, sardine
Herbs: thyme, oregano, rosemary, chives, parsley, basil
Seafood: mussel, squid, shrimp, prawn, lobster, octopus
Fruit: nectarine, apple, satsuma, plum, coconut, fig, strawberry, grape, watermelon, mango
Meat: lamb, mutton, bacon, mincemeat, liver, chicken , chop, beef, joints, sausage, pork,
salami
Ex. 3
Spain: tapas, peccadillo, tortilla, paella
Britain: roast beef, shepherd's pie, apple crumble and custard, fish and chips
Greece: houmous, souvlaki, moussaka, kebab
China: prawn crackers, spring roll, sweet and sour, chop suey
Italy: spaghetti Bolognese, ciabatta, tiramisu, tagliatelli
India: curry, samosas, onion bhaji, biryani
USA: hot dog, hamburger, popcorn, pumpkin pie
Ex.4
1f
2h
3e
4c
5a
6g
7b
8d
Ex.5
Ex.6
1 fry
2 bake
3 steamed
4 roasted
5 grill
6 casserole
7 boil
8 barbecued
1 minced meat
2 chopped /sliced onions
3 mashed potatoes
4 grated cheese
5 sliced bread
6 spiced curry
7 mashed/chopped/ sliced bananas
8 sliced/chopped tomato
9 sliced/grated carrots
10 sliced apple
Ex.7
1 corkscrew
79
2 wine
3 bowl
4 boil
5 pan
6 meal
7 plum
8 menu
Ex.8
1 by
2 as
3 it
4 be
5 same
6 such
7 in
8 their
9 can
10 up
11 more
12 as
13 the
14 into
15 too
Ex.9
1 encouraging
2 depressing
3 disappointed
4 worrying
5 exhausting
6 disturbing
7 surprised
8 worried
9 shocking
10 uninteresting
11 boring
12 embarrassing
Ex.10
1 disgusting/ shocking
2 I would feel exhausted /exhilarated
3 feel disappointed /embarrassed
4 they are appalling/ annoying
5 they are boring/ interesting / amusing
6 excited/surprised
7 depressed/ disturbed
8 it is boring/exciting
9 irritated/ annoyed
10 ashamed/ embarrassed
Ex.11
1 if you don't leave
80
2 or else you will
3 I were you
4 wish my flat was/were
5 had better not go
6 would rather eat
7 wishes she hadn't spent
8 wish I had made
9 hadn't missed
10 provided the weather gets
TESTS
1 variant
Reading
1D
2G
3F
4A
5E
Error Correction
1 it
2+
3 been
4+
5 The
6 be
7+
8 they
9 are
10 lots
11 can
12 +
13 they
14 all
15 +
16 up
17 +
2 variant
1,2 A,F
3A
4B
5,6,7
A.C.E
8D
9C
10,11 A,B
12 E
13 B
Open Cloze
1 many/most/all
2 travelling/going
3 in
4 chance/opportunity
5 type/kind
6 have
7 from
8 the
9 have/offer/provide
10 including/ like
11 owned/ run
12 serve
13 end
14 into
15 join
Word formation
1 confused
interesting
81
2 frightening
3 interested
4 irritating
5 surprised
6 depressed
7 relaxing
8 bored
9 annoyed
10 embarrassed
fascinating
exciting
annoying
interested
relaxing
surprised
irritating
exciting
amazed
1 variant
1 had better write a letter
2 wishes she was/were tall enough
3 wish you would wipe
4 or else I will tell
5 would rather go out
6 wish I had gone to
7 would have sent
8 for your help
9 or else you will
10 unless you practice
2 variant
1 you would listen
2 I were you, I would
3 or else you will
4 get promoted unless
5 provided he buys
6 wish I hadn't argued
7 had better lock
8 I would have said
9 provided she gets
10 wishes she had studied
MODULE 3
Reading
1C
2F
3B
4A
5G
82
Ex.1
Ex.2
Ex.3
1 detached
2 city
3 floors
4 garden
5 cottage
6 villa
7 flats
8 rooms
1 a bed-sit
2 a villa
3 a cottage
4 a detached house
5 a basement
1 wardrobe
2 armchair
3 sofa
4 cupboard
5 light-switch
6 plug
7 stools
8 corkscrew
9 iron
10 dressing
11 chest
12 lamp
13 bulb
14 cushions
15 fireplace
Ex.4
Types of home: block of flats, terraced house, bungalow, bed-sit, detached house, semidetached, villa, cottage.
Parts of a house: basement, hall, attic, loft, cellar, ground floor, landing, study.
Things we find in the house: power point, remote control, tea towel, corkscrew, table
mat, ironing board, washing-up liquid.
Ex.5
1 tap, door handle, paint
2 the stairs, the staircase
3 TV, dishwasher, washing machine
4 electricity, water supply, power supply
5 radio, walkman, clock
6 clock
Ex.6
1 he
2+
3 of
4+
5 it
6 to
7 the
8+
9 even
83
10 +
11 so
12 to
13 +
14 that
15 +
Ex.7
1
2
3
4
5
B
D
B
A
C
6 B
7 D
8 A
9 D
10 B
11 B
12 A
13 B
14 C
15 D
Ex.8
1 photographer
2 guitarist
3 dishwasher
4 ability
5 friendship
6 engineer
7 journalist
8 actor
9 building
10 importance
11 childhood
12 excitement
13 happiness
14 education
15 division
16 admission
17 tin-opener
18 refugee
19 activity
20 greatness
Ex.9
1 wasn't able to
2 could run faster
3 I'll be able to
4 didn't have to go
5 I'll have to
6 us we had to pay
7 needn't have taken
8 us we couldn't
84
9 don't need to/ needn't
10 had to wear/ had to put on/ use/have
TEST
1 variant
Reading
1C
2C
3A
4B
5B
6C
7D
2 variant
F
G
B
C
A
E
D
Error Correction
1 sale
2+
3 the
4 to
5 many
6 it
7 will
8+
9+
10 such
11 is
12 does
13 +
14 are
15 +
1 is
2 been
3+
4 one
5 lot
6 it
7 had
8 on
9+
10 to
11 are
12 this
13 +
14 much
15 +
Word formation
1 designer
2 suggestions
3 spacious
4 various
5 wisely
6 jewellery
7 Additional
8 clothes/clothing
1 tiresome/tiring
2 household
3 solution
4 cleaners
5 effective
6 information
7 description
8 demonstration
85
9 Finally
10 normally
9 trial
10 obligation
1 variant
1 must be in this
2 can have lunch
3 don't have to work
4 should open
5 may have forgotten
6 needn't have bought
7 could be at
8 should have your
9 can't have meant
10 needn't have helped
2 variant
1 mustn't take your bag
2 must have understood
3 may have taken
4 are not allowed to run
5 Jane be leaving school
6 likely that we will have
7 ought to start studying
8 may sell
9 should pay
10 can discuss
MODULE 4 SPORTS AND HOBBIES
Reading
Ex. 2
1D
2B
3C
4D
5B
6D
Vocabulary & Grammar
Ex. 1
Pure = sheer, come down = descend, jump = leap, hit = punch, appear = emerge, victorious = triumphant, thrill = kick.
86
Ex. 2
1 paddles
2 lunacy
3 instinct
4 torrents
5 nerve-racking
6 altitude
7 elation
8 interpretation
9 steadies
10 high-risk
Ex. 4
1 co-operative
2 courageous
3 accurate
4 determined
5 daring
6 careful
7 competitive
8 graceful
Ex. 5
1. fitness
2. designed
3. development
4. activities
5. knowledge
6. gently
7. intensiveness
8. impression
9. painful
10. unwise
87
Grammar Practice
Ex. 1
verb + to - inf
hope
expect
regret
agree
decide
want
promise
claim
consider
refuse
verb + bare inf
let sb
can
should
make sb
verb + -ing form
avoid
enjoy
regret
mind
detest
can't stand
finish
miss
fancy
deny
resist
Ex. 2
1 to play, to have
2 to say, to qualify
3 betting, to win
4 to go, watching
5 thinking, to take
6 trying, falling
7 to be
8 to be training
9 exhibiting
10 practising
Ex. 3
1 watching
2 taking part
3 ending
4 play
5 becoming
6 scoring
7 seeing
8 applauding
9 to come
10 enjoy
11 sitting
12 cheering on
Ex. 4
1. regret to tell/regret to inform you that
2. I'd rather have a pizza for a change
3. didn't/wouldn't let us drink too much Coke when we were children
4. suggest (that) we take the train
5. managed to persuade her parents to let her go
6. door appears to be locked after all
7. can't stand is people eating popcorn in the cinema
88
8. arrived two hours late but was worth waiting for
9. insisted on catching the early flight
10. look forward to getting your next letter
11. denied moving/ denied having moved
12. too small for me to
13. having lots of hobbies is
14. find it difficult to start
TEST 1 VARIANT
Ex.1
1A 2 C 3 D 4 B 5 A 6 D 7 D 8 A
Ex. 2
4B
7B
10 C
1A
2A
5A
8B
11 C
3B
9
B
6C
12 B
13 C
14 A
15 D
Ex. 3
1. vigorous
2. harmful
3. obsession
4. addiction
5. pleasant
6. energetic
7. increasingly
8. nervous
9. membership
10. willing
Ex. 4
1. it worth traveling
2. mind speaking
3. is not allowed to go
4. prefers reading magazines to
5. allow people to talk
6. was made to tidy
7. warm enough for me to
8. had difficulty solving
9. were heard asking
10. rather have seen
TEST 2 VARIANT
Ex. 1
1 A 2B 3 C 4D 5C 6D 7C 8D
Ex. 2
4D
7C
1C
10C
2A
5C
8D
11 D
3A
6B
9A
12 B
Ex. 3
1. founders
2. successfully
3. amazing
89
13 C
14 A
15 C
4. popularity
5. distribution
6. length
7. unpleasant
8. occasionally
9. dramatic
10. embarrassment
Ex. 4
1. was too ill
2. were rather disappointed
3. is not tall enough
4. eating out to cooking
5. had difficulty understanding
6. was allowed to go
7. us a week to paint
8. was made to rewrite
9. you mind speaking
10. found it difficult to
MODULE 5 TRAVELLING AND MODES OF TRANSPORT
Reading
Ex. 3
1 D 2 B 3 A 4C
Ex.4
1F 2 T 3 T 4 T 5F 6 T 7 T 8F
Ex.5
1) Deluge
2) Petty
3) Package
4) Cots
5) Non-existent
6) To issues a summons
7) Met in full
8) Furious
9) Hurricane
10) ABTA (Association of British Travel Agents)
Ex.8
1 by
3 of
5 on
7 with
2 in
4 as for
6 up
8 to about
Ex.3
2. scruffily-dressed man
3. image-conscious
4. five-minute walk
5. cleverly-planned attack
6. short-legged cat
7. angry-looking woman
90
8. four-year course
9. horribly-smelling perfume
10. card-carrying members
Ex. 4
7. Best/most wonderful
13. The luckiest
1. More difficult/less
8. More comfortable than
14. The furthest/the farthest
simple
9.
Older
15. Worse
2. Warmer
10. Farther/further
16. The worst
3. The most intelligent
11.
The
most
boring
17. Simpler
4. The hottest
12. Simpler
18. Most boring/least interesting
5. Cheaper than
6. Better
Ex. 5
9 a beautiful pink silk blouse
1V
5 a big delicious birthday cake (a
10 a large round ball
2 a tall dark man
delicious big birthday cake)
11 a big old brick factory
3 a big wooden spoon
6V
12 an ugly old wooden desk (an
4V
7 a large old frying pan
old
ugly wooden desk)
8V
Ex.6
1 too
5 very
9 so/such
2 enough
6 so/very/too
10 such
7 enough
3 enough
8 enough
4 too
Ex. 7
1 memorable
5 reada9 understandable
2 unforgettable ble
10 hostile
3 forgetful
6 sensible 11 intolerant
4 undrinkable
7 painful 12 courageous
8 hopeful
Ex.8
1 beautifully
5 daily
9 early
10 well
2 softly
6 monthly
3 carefully
7 occasionally
4 noisily
8 easily
Ex. 9
1 terribly
5 probably
9 truly
10 heroically
2 automatically
6 surprisingly
3 gently
7 shyly
8 hourly
4 unexpectedly
TEST 1 VARIANT
Ex.1
1C 2F
Ex.2
1B
2D
3D
3 A 4 G 5 D 6 В E is the odd one out.
4A
5C
6D
7A
8B
9A
10 C
11 B
12 C
13 A
14 B
15 D
91
Ex. 3
1 laid
2 visitor
3 belief
4 unconnected
5 impossible
6 selection
7 attractions
8 sandy
9 pointless
10 finding
Ex. 4
1 my cousins in Belgium were
2 found (very) little
3 was attended by very few
4 such a lovely day
5 was so exciting that
6 in a sweet way
7 more hard-working than
8 can dance as good as
9 the best photograph
10 is less sociable than
TEST 2 VARIANT
Ex.1
1D 2 A 3 B 4 G 5 C 6 E
Ex.2
1B
4D
7B
10 A
13 B
5B
14 C
2C
8C
11 C
3A
9B
12 C
15 C
6C
Ex.3
1. departure
2. information
3. flight
4. unnecessary
5. disastrous
6. smoothly
7. announcement
8. technical
9. arrival
10. terrorist
Ex. 4
1 is needed for making
2 so sad that
3 are few eggs left
4 is considered (to be)
5 gave us not much (gave us little)
92
6 more he practices the better
7 to be similar to
8 the most comfortable hostel
9 as many hours as
10 is as imaginative as
MODULE 6 CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS
Reading
Ex. 1
1D
13 B
19 F
7G
2E
14 C
20 C
8G
3A
15 G
21 E
9G
4F
10 B
16 E
22 B
5G
11 F
17 A
6D
12 E
18 D
Ex.2
•
from a long time ago (= in ancient times)
•
an image you see in a mirror or water (= reflection)
•
badly behaved (= mischievous)
•
dressed as someone else (= disguise)
•
a sign that something is going to happen in the future (= an omen)
•
to injury, damage (= to do harm)
•
jealous (= envious)
•
to stop something from happening (= to protect)
Ex.3
1 come
6 puts
2 go
7 over
3 back to
8 stands
4 by
9 at
5 with
10 from
Ex. 1
1
d
2
b
3
c
4
a
Ex.2
1
2
3
Good luck
a clover with four leaves;
a horseshoe over the door of a new house;
to see two magpies.
71
72
73
74
75
Ex. 3
1.
From
2.
On
5.
6.
Except
At
9.
10.
At
Between
93
Bad luck
burning cheeks or ears;
to spill salt;
to walk under the ladder;
to meet or pass someone on the
stairs;
Friday the 13th.
3.
7.
Of
4.
8.
To
Ex.4
1. Costumes
2. Procession
3. Gathered
4. Remember
5. Entrance
6. Interesting
7. Pastime
8. Celebration
9. Masks
10. takes place
Ex. 5
1 hunting
2 clothing
3 decorated
4 proud
5 permission
6 government
7 solution
8 agreement
9 forbidden
10 discoverers
Ex.7
2. who
3. when
4. which
5. where
6. why
7. who
8. when
9. whom
10. whose
11. who
12. which
13. why
14. who
15. where
Ex. 8
1. which
2. which
3. whom
4. that
5. who
6. which
7. where
8. who
9. whose
10. which
In
Against
For
11.
94
Ex. 9
1. who is wearing the blue
2. who is my favourite cousin
3. whom you were introduced to
4. whose flat got burgled
5. that I bought from
6. which is parked outside
7. in which I work
8. which was kind
9. both of which are
10. who is carrying the
TEST 1 VARIANT
Ex. 1
1. E
7E
13 D
19 D
2. C
8F
14 C
20 D
3. F
9B
15 B
21 E
4. D
10 A
16 F
22 C
5. B
11 F
17 A
6. A
12 E
18 F
2
1. B
7. D
10. D
4. C
2. A
5. A
8. C
11. A
3. D
9. B
12. C
6. C
Ex. 3
1. Significant
2. Definition
3. Be
4. Coordinated
5. Show
6. Dance
7. Much
8. Emotional
9. Meaning
10. Marriage
Ex.4
1. The cabinet which contains
2. None of which is
3. Most of whom were
4. The hotel where we stayed
5. Whom John was talking to
6. A teacher whose class
7. Which was nice of him
8. With whom I spent
9. of the film which was
10. which was helpful
95
13. B
14. C
15. A
TEST 2 VARIANT
Ex. 1
1. A
7 E
2. A
8 B
3. B
9 F
4. E
10 A
5. C
11 C
6. D
12 B
Ex. 2
1B
4 D
7
5 A
2C
8
6 B
9
3C
Ex. 3
1. good
2. blaming
3. unlucky
4. unexplained
5. finding
6. tellers
7. person's
8. leaves
9. left
10. seriously
Ex. 4
1. which I went to
2. very kind of her to
3. Ann whose father is
4. The year in which man
5. Three of whom are
6. The woman who taught
7. All of which were
8. Whom you were talking to
9. Who is my best friend
10.
Which is leaning
13
14
15
16
17
18
C
C
D
F
D
A
E
B
F
19
20
21
22
10 A
11 C
12 B
13 C
14 B
15 D
96
A
C
B
D
Учебное издание
ШАРЕПО Анастасия Александровна
ШАТОХИНА Анастасия Олеговна
ЛЕКСИКО-ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЙ ПРАКТИКУМ ПО
СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТИ «РЕГИОНОВЕДЕНИЕ»
Учебное пособие
Научный редактор
кандидат филологических наук,
доцент
Е.В. Швагрукова
Компьютерная верстка
О.М. Демидова
Подписано к печати 18.11.2010. Формат 60х84/16. Бумага «Снегурочка».
Печать XEROX. Усл.печ.л. 3,95. Уч.-изд.л. 3,58.
Заказ 1488-12. Тираж 100 экз.
Национальный исследовательский Томский политехнический университет
Система менеджмента качества
ISO 9 0 0 1
Registered
Издательства Томского политехнического университета сертифицирована
NATIONAL QUALITY ASSURANCE по стандарту BS EN ISO 9001:2008
ИЗДАТЕЛЬСТВО
ТПУ. 634050, г.Томск, пр. Ленина, 30
Тел./факс: 8(3822)56-35-35, www.tpu.ru

А.А. Sharepo, A.O. Shatohina - Томский политехнический

Transcription

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