Leica lenses reviews 1953 - All About Photographic Lenses

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qt
2Bmm.
Nome
Mounl
"Hektor
Rigid Chrome
Summoron
Rigid Chrome
t/3.5\ f,'22
Elmor
50 mm. Stondord
CollopsibleChrome
t 1 3 . 5i f , ' l 6
Summicron
50 mm. Stondqrd
C o l l op s i b l e Chrome
t/2
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Summorit
50 mm. Stondord
Rigid Chrome
t/t.s
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Summorex
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Rigid Chrome
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Long Focus
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f t'4
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Rigid Chrome
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Rigid Block
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The fact that the Leica cameramay be fitted with a completeseriesof interchangeable,
coatedlenseswhich coupleto the rangefinderof all Leicacamerasis
one of the most important characteristics
of the Leica systemof photography.
The principle of interchangeabilityis not new, but as developedand ipflidd
to the Leica camera,it has been made avallable to a far greater numb6r of
photographersthan was previouslypossible.
The Helicol Mount. Eachlens is provided with its own focusingmount. On
all lensesexceptSummarit 50mm. and long focus lenses,focusing is effected
by meansof a l^ever.
On the other lensesa milled ring is provided.Th. distun.e
is read off by an index mark.
Collopsible lens Mounts. The Leitz Elmarand Leitz Summicronof jomm.,
focal length are providedwith collapsiblemounts,and must be pulled out before using the cainera.\7hen the leni is fully drawn out, it is turned slightly to
the right, where it locks in position. To push back the lens, it must hrst be
turned a little to the left, then pushedstraight back into the body of the camera.
The lnfinity Cotch. N7henthe focusingmounts of the Hektor 28mm., Summaron 35mm.,and Elmar, Summicronand Summarit)Omm..lensesreachthe
"infinity" pulk: theylock in_positionby meansof a catch.By pressingthe knob
on the end of the focusinglever, the catchis releasedand can thenbe rotated
for focusing.This deviceis only found on lensesof 28, 35 and 50mm., focal
length.
The Aperture is set on the Leitz Elmar 50mm. and Hektor 28mm.,by a small
lever engravedwith an index to the front ring of the lens mount. On lhe other
lenses,a narrow ring bearing the index mark, actuatesthe diaphragm. The
figures indicate the relative aperture of the lens.
In the following Pageswe state that a lens is of Gauss-typeconstruction.
t$7hatdoes that mean? Gauss-typeconstructionis basedon a formr-rlawhich
was devisedby Gaussin the 1880's.Originally, he simply took two identical
Aplanatic lensesand mounted them end to end with an iris-diaphragmin
bdtween.In other words, he combinedtwo identical lens systemr,...i o.r.
independentlywell-corrected.When he took thesetwo lensesand combined
them into one lens, and placed the iris-diaphragmin between,he was able
to still further improve chromaticaberrations.
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{When Avqiloble)
Leitz extreme rlide angle (76 cleg.) lens. is the Hektor 28mm., f7'6.3,
tlcsigned as a tripiet r,r'ithtu'o ccmentcd surfaces.u'hich has been vu'idelyusecl
f o r c o r r e c t i o n .E r - e n a t f u l l a p e r t u r e ( f t ' 6 . 3 ) , n ' h i c h i n a s y s t e mo f s u c h a
large angle of vieu' must be regarded as high, it gives remarkable sharpness
to the Lejca format without distortion-a novel feature in view of the very
short focal length. In this objective, too, the requirement of extensive reduct i o n o f v i g n e t t i n g h a s b e e n t a k e n i n t o c o n s i d e r a t i o nb y m a k i n g t h e l e n s l a r g c r
than the dimension corresponding to the relative aperture. Proper reduction
o . f t h e a p e r t u r e. w h i c h i s _a l w a y s a d v i s a b l ef o r w i d e - a n g l e o b j e c t i v e si f c o n c i i t i o n s p e r m i t , r e s u l t si n a f u r t h e r i n c r e a s eo f t h e q u a l i t y o f t h e i m a g e ( o p t i m u r r r
a i ) p r o x i m a t e l ya t f / l 1 ) , a n d a n i n - r p r o v e d i s t r i b u t i o no f l i g h t o v e r t h e e n t i r e
I r I a g e ? 1 rea .
A 2 8 n - r r n a. d a p t e r f i t s i n t o t h e I m a r e c t F i n d e r t o s h o w t h e p r o p e r f i e l d o f
vieu' for the Zumm. Hektor"
SUMMARON 35mm.,f/3.s
I n t h c g r o u p o f u ' i d e - a n g l eo b j e c t i v e sr v e h a v e t h e S u m m a r o n 3 ) m m . , f / 3 . 5
(I3A" ) u'ith an angle of 6-1 degrees,whicl-ris close to the norn-ralobsen'ation
a n g l e o f t h e h u m a n e y e . T h i s o b j e c t i v eb e l o n g s t o t h e G a u s s t y p e g r o l r p a n d
c o n s i s t so f s i x l e n s e s .t w o o f w h i c h a r e i n d e p e n d e n t ; t h e r e m a i n i n g f o u r a r e
cetncnted together to f orm two members. Particularly in the case of widea n s l e o b j e c t i v e s c, a r e m u s t b e t a k e n t h a t v i g n e t t i n g , r n ' h i c hh a s a n i n c r e a s i n g l y
. l i s t u r b i n g e f l e c t u , i t h i n c r e a s i n ga n g l e o f v i e s , , i s r e d u c e dt o a t o l e r a b l em e a s L r r e .I r o r t h i s r e a s o n ,t h e f r o n t l e n s o f t h i s o b j e c t i v e i s a l s o n r a d e c o n s i d e r a b l y
l a r g c r t h a n w o u l d c o r r e s p o r - rtdo t h e r e l a t i v ea p e r t u r eo f t h e s y s t c m .M o r e o v e r ,
thc reir.rlens of thc s\,stelnis givcn sr-rch
clirner-isior-r.s
that it additionirlly eniarges
t h e c r o s ss e c t i o no f i h e o b l i q i , . p e n c i l so f r a 1 ' s .
H E K T O R2 8 m m .
S U M M A R O N3 5 m m .
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ELMAR 50rnm.
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cffctt of both these design f eaturrcsis that the corners of the irnage re. c i v c m u c h n l o r e I i g h t , s o t h a t v i g n e t t i n g n o l o n g e r a p p e a r s .T h e c o l o r c o r r e c t i o n o f t h i s o b j e r t i v e i s e x c e l l e n t ,a n d o t h e r d e f e c t s ; r e e l i m i n a t e d t o ^ l a r g e
c-xtent.The perfonttance is, therefore, exceptional even at full aperture. n.
.luced aperttue prodr-rces
increasedresolution and contrast, and be'tweenf i5.6
. t t t d f . ' t 3 ,a . s l ' r a r P l t ees xs t e n d i n g o v e r t h c e n t i r e i m a g e _ a r eias r e a c h e d .T h c c l e p t [
o f l l e l d a t f , t . 6 i s s o g r e a t t t r i t t h e r a n g e f i n d e rn c - e dh a r d l y b e u s e c l .
L
LELMAR SOmm.,
t/3.s
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I n i t s a s s e r n b l l ' , E l n r a r l 0 m m . . f r ' 3 . 1 ( 2 " ) a n g l e o f v i c v uJ, 5 c i e g . .c o l r lh:
stitr*rtes
a kno\\'lt triplet varia.t-tt
consisting of tl-rrcerrentbcr.s.J'he last rnembcr
contliit-tsa collvergillg (etnenteclsurface. and, uncler iar.'orablecorrectior-rcond i t i o n s h a s a r c l a t i v e l - sy i m p l e . c o n s t r u c t i o nT.h e c o r r e c t i o np o s s i b i l i t i e so f t 6 i s
i ) ' P c o f s 1 ' s t c t ll--tr a v eb ec n w i d el y u t i l i z e d , a n d a l l r es i c l u a ld ef e c t s , c h r o m a t i c
a s u ' c l l a s s p h e r i c a l .r t r c a d - j t r s t e d
t o e a c h o t l ' r e rs o t h a t a n e s p e c i a l l yf a r . , o r l b l e
c o r r c - c t i o na c l a p t e dt o t h e L e i c a f o r m a t i s o b t a i n e d . T h e s l r a r p r - r c s s
$clrcral
i n c r c a s e sr a p i d i y a s t h e a p e r t u r e i s r e c l t r c ' e da,n d a t f / B i t i s a t i t s m a . x i m l n t .
$7e u'ish to insert a statementhere wl-richapplies quite gene rally, not only to
thc Elmar:
ff. in orcler to obtain maximr-rm dcpth of focr,rs,the aperture is rcdr-rcecl
l-'c-r'or-rcl
tl-reso-calledcritical apertr-rre
of an objcctive, a dccicasein thc resolu,j9: ca;racitt'-is thc'oretically to be expected bec'au.se
of the phenorrena of
t l i f { r a c t i o n . I f s t a n d a r d e m u l s i o n s u ' i t h a r e s o l u t i o n c a p a c i t yi r f a s m u c - h a s
r l - r o t r t1 0 0 l i n e . sP e r m i l l i m e t e r a r e u S e r ] .h o u ' e v er , p r a c t i c l l l v n o I o . s so f r c s o l g r i o n i s g e n c r a l l yo b s e n ' a b l ,ee v e n a t f / t 6 .
The
. r e p r o d r - r c t i oonf p c - r i o d . isct r u c t u r e sa n c . tl c s t f r l n r . so f a n c s p e r i a l l yh i g h
rc-soltrtion
c a P a c i t tm
' u s t r e n l a i n o u t s i c l eo L t r p r e s e l t tc o n s i d c r a t i o r i s
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Som'nn.,
SUfVlrVtlCRON
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T h e S u n ' r n ' rriocn ) O r n m . , f i 2 i s a n e \ / a d d i t i o n t o t h e L e i c a l i n e o f l e n s es .
I t h a s a n e w t y p e o f g l a s s ,n e w o p t i c a l d e s i g n a n d e x c e l l e n tc o r r e c t i o t r ,e s P e cially for color, flatnessof field and vignetti?g
The Sumrnicron is more compact than thc Summitar and thc diaphrrstrr
a d j u s t i n q r i n g h a s c l i c k s t o p s . A l l g l a s s - t o - a i rs u r f a c e sa r e c o a t e d .
i . " . t r e l e m e n t i , o n l y o n e p a i r o f w h i c h i s c e t n e n t e d .U t i l i z a t i o r r
Thcrcl
"r.
i s m a d e o f " a i r l e n s e s " t o a c h i e v ea n e x c e e d i n g l yh i g h d e g r e e o f c o r r e c t i o n"
T h c b a s i c d e s i g n i s ^ v a r i a t i o n o f t h e G a r - r s s - * p . I e n s . ( T h e G a u s s - t y p ei s
clraractertzedby two convergi.g lenses,one at each extremity gf the systettt.
lens components, located adjacent to tht"
cnclosir-rgtu,o d iverging menisc'Lrs
diaphragm.) This provides a favorablebasisfor color correction.
tn. Si,mmicron has been further correctedto reduce the extra axial spl-rerical
aberration and loss of contrast at the edges to the absoluteminimum, while ar
the sametirne obtaining a perfect correction of the astigmaticcurvature of lield,
and reaching ^n optimun performance chromatically. Important in achieving
this high degree oT correctlon is a ng* optical glass of high refractive indcx
used for the two positive elements of the system.
The Sr-rmrni.ronpcrforms excellently at full aperjur5, producing an exceedi n g l y b r i l l i a n t a n d e v e n i m a g e o v e r t h e e n t i r e f i e l d . O p t i m u m i m a g e .q u a l i t y ,
* ' h i i h n o r m a l l y c a n n o t b e a t t a i n e du n t i l t h e l e n s i s s t o p p e dd o w r r c o n s i d e r a b l y ,
i s r c a c h e di n i l t e S u m m i c r o n a t t h e r e l a t i v e l y l a r g e o p e n i n g o f f / 4 . A n e x '
high degrec of contrast and resoltrtion is obtained.
trcn-rel1,
Coriection of vignetting in a large aperture lens is of great importance.
p a i d t o t h i s , t h e e d g e so f t h e n e g a t i v e w i l l t e c e i v e
L J n l e s ss p c c i a Ir r t t e n t i o ni s -^areas,
resulting in a darkening of the edges of thc
mr-rchlcss light than other
pictr-rre,or in tl-recaseof color photogra;rhy, a false rendition of color at Llte
Ldg.r of the transparency. Tl-re front eletnent of the Summicron is largcr in
diamctcr than ,..1i ired for ^ relative apertureof f /2. This design increascs
t h e t r a n s v e r r . u c c t i o no f t h c b u n d l e o f o b l i q u e r a y s , p e r m i t t i n g m o r e l i g h t t o
r c r r c ht h e e d g c s .t h er e b l ' r c c l u c i n gv i g n e t t i n g t o a m t n t m L l m .
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I n c r e a s i n gt h e w i d t h o f t h e o b l i q u e b u n d l e o f r a y s t o e l i m i n a t e v i g n e t t i n u
increasesthI dilhculty of correcting other aberrations.The reduction of vignetr i n g i n t h e S u m m i c r o n , c o u p l e d -w i t h i t s o v e r - a l l .h i g h c o r r e c t i o n , c a n b e
rcgardcd as an outstanding aClriet'ementof- optical .deslgn.The Sutnnlicron is
, f.,-,, of highest pcrformit-rcc leaving r-rothingto be clesiredfor either color
o r b l e c k - a n . i - w h i t ep h o t o g r a p h y .
S U M M A R I T S o m m .t,l l . 5
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J ' h c h i g h s p e e dS u m m a r i t ) c0 m m . ,i 1 . i ( 2 " ) , , a n g l e 1 >d . g . ' , i s a s e v c n - l e n s
o bj c c t i v e b el o n g i n g t o t h e g rt o u p o f G a u s s t y p c s , w h i c h a f T o r d se s p e c i a l t y '
i <s f o r t h e p r e s e n tp l t r p o s e .C o l o r c o r r e c t i o na n d
f . r v o r a b l ec o r r e c t i o np o s s i b i l i t e
l
n s i d e r a b l Cs h a r p n e s si s o b t a i n e d o v e r t h e e n t i r e
that
co
excellent,
so
is
r,ontrrst
ure. The generfl sharpnessis fr-rrtherincreased
irnage area even at full apertt
at-tdat about f /4 it reachesan unusr-rally
1
u ' i t h m o d e r a t ec l o s i n g o f t h e a.pertr-rre,
h i e h d e g r e eo f c o n t r a s ta n d r e::i o l u t i o n . A l s o , t h e u n i f o r m d i s t r i b u t i o n o f l i g h t
o v e r t h e e n t i r e i m a g e a r e a . a ndc t h e e l i n - r i n a t i o no f d i s t o r t i o n . a r e e x c e l l e n tf o r
\ W e h a v e h er e a n e s p e c i a l l y
e n o bj ec t i v e o f s r - r c ha l a r g er i n i t i e i r t p e r t u r e .
(
s u c c c s s f url o t l s t r u c t i o no f e x ceilent
iretTorltl.In(e.suclr as is probably' seldorn
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s f t h i s k i n .t.
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S U M M A R I T5 0 m m .
S U M M I T A R5 0 m m .
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SUMMAREX
85mm.
ELM,AR
90nrm.
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SUMMITAR Somm.,f/2
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The faster objective, Summitar 50mm., f /2 (2"), angle 45 deg., is based
on the so-called Gauss type, which affords excellent correction possibilities for
higher relative aperture and for greater angles of view. At variance with the
normal Gauss type, the front member is composed of two lenses, so that additional means of correction are obtained. The excellent color correction deserves
mention, whereby color defectsof a higher order are made unnoticeable.
special
^
Th" other defects, tob, are limited in thelr extent. \7ith reduced aperture
the sharpness of the image increases rapidly and reaches its maximum at
about f /5.6. Special importance was attached to the extensive elimir-ratronof
which is of fundamental importance, especially in color photog;;if,;:,t"g
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SUMMAREX 85mm.,
The series of objectives of long focal length begins with the high-speed
Summarex 85mm., f /1.5 (3rA"), angle 28.) deg. This is a seven-lenssystem,
which may be regarded as a variant of the Gauss type, and which offers extremely fine correction conditions. As a result of the special position of the
axial and extra-axial spherical aberration, the objective shows a slightly diminished sharpness at full aperture, which, however, does not go so f.ar as
to make the objective "soft."
The Summarex is excellent for news photography as well as an ideal objective
for portrait photography. It is particularly highly esteemedin these fields.
Ir is highly corrected for critical sharpnessand it is specially coated for reduction of flare and scatter,for increasedlight transmission and image contrast.
\7ith slight reduction of the aperture, perfect sharpnessis obtained over the
entire image area (maximum-approximately at f /a), so that the objective is
also suitable for photographs requiring an especially high resolution capacity.
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ELMAR eomm.,(/4
Elmar 90mm., f /4 (31/2"), angle 27 deg., belongsto the sametype of
objectiveas Elmar 50mm., f/3.5. \Vhat was statedthere with respectto the
correctionconditionsand optimum sharpnessapplies here. The very slight
effect of vignetting in this objectiveis worth mentioning. It is particularly
for scenery
suitedfor portrait photography,but can be usedvery successfully
and for all purposeswherea relativelylong focal length is needed.
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HEKTOR l35rr!m",#/4.5
H c k t o r 1 3 ) m m . , f ' 1 + . t( i 3 A " ) , a n g l e 1 8 d . g . , c o r - r s t i t u t e
a st r i p l e t v a r i a r - r t
'*,'n
ith I (oi'lvergingr'etncrrtcci
slrrfaceinserted in thc central member. This ccrncrrts u r f . t t c i s a n a d d i t i o n a l s o u r c e o f i m p o r t a n t c o r r e c t i o r -pr o s s i b i l i t i e sw h r . . l r
h a r c b c c t r e x t et t s i v e l y .u s c d i n t h i s o b j e c t i v e .T h e g e n e r a l i - o r r e c t i o ni s t h c r c f o r e ex r eI l en t a n d t h e p e r f o r m a n c e o u t s t a n d i n g .
N'Iaximr-rm
resolr-rtioncapacitycombin
u,hich nrake this objective particularJ
sh:rrp rendition of finest structural deta
Irlent.sdernandedof a good distanceob
is cxcellent at fr-rll aperture, so that red
w ' h c n i t r c r e a s e dd e p t l - ro f f o c r - r ss e e m sd e s i r a b l e .I n a s p e c i a l s l - r o r tm o u n t , i t r
(.Ln be use,-lu'itl-rtl-rel\,{irror Refler Hor_rslng"
fr.rt
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TELYT 2oomm.,
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2 o o m n i . . f 4 . : ( t i " ) , a n g l e 1 2 d . g . i s d e s i g n e da s a t e l e - s y s t e mu.s c - . l
I n r , o n j u n c t i o nu ' i t h t h e M i r r o r R e f l e x H o u s i n g , a n d c o n s i s t so f a f r o n t g r o u p
of lenses having a. converging efrect and a rear group of lenses having a
Jir-erging eff ect; the tu'o groups are separatedby a relativeh' large air space.
-t"he
resr,rltis. that for a relativelr'^longfocal length, the total length of the
objcctir-efrom the front lens to lens flange of the cameraremalnscomparativell'
-l-he
rhort and easy to hancllc.
g e n e r a l c o r r c (t i o n i s v e r y f a v o r a b l c i n t h i s
o b ' j c c t i r - ea. n d t h e e x t e n s i v ee l i m i n a t i o n o f c o l o r d e f e c t s a n d t h e c o m p l c t e
c l i m i n a t i o n o i c l i s t o r t i o ni s o u t s t a n d i n g .
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Telvt 400m., f /5, angle 6 d.S-. has e
d e s i g ns i m i l a r t o t h a t o f t h e T e l v t l O o m n r '
T h e T e l y t 4 0 0 m m . ( 16 " ) , h a s a s h o r t c r
total length resulting from the tele-construc.tion.W'hat has been said for the Tetrt't
2 ( X ) m m .u ' i t h r e s p e c tt o c o r r e c t i o na p p l i e s
-ilso to the T'el1't-4(Xlmm.
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The Depth of Field Scole.In order that the range
of depth of field at any lens aperture may be_read off
direc[ from the camera, a special scale is fitted engraved with the aperture figures, which shows the
distancesin front of and behind the actual focusing
distance at which sharp focus is obtained, for all
lens apertures. The accuracy of this scale is quite
sufficient for most practical purposes, though for
very accuratework special depth of field tables can
be obtained from us (price 15 cents), in which the
figures are calculated for a circle of least confusiou
of I/3oth of a millimeter.
Lens Chonging.The interchangeabilityof the various Leica lenses is made possible by having a
standardized screw thread on both the camera and
the lens motrnt. The cameru flange into which the
lenses are screwed, and the lens thread. are made
with the greatestaccuracypossible. The lensesare simply screwed into the flange
and are then in correct register. A quick-thread mounl or a bayonet fitting has
not been used, since these are liable to wear with use, and become inaccurate.
When changing the lens, the opening in the camera body should not be
exposed to strong light and it is best to hold the front of the camera against
the body while the other lens is taken from the camera case. If the camera is
carried for some time withont a lens, a screw cover should be used to keep
out dust and damp.
lever of the rangefinder. The coupling
screwing the lens into the camera. This
convenient and quick to manipulate. It
Leica lenses which are adapted for this
r4
is automatically effected merely by
coupling makes the Leica extremely
should be especially mentioned that
coupling are suitable for immediate
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use on the Models Standard, Ic, and If Leicas, which are not equipped for
coupling the lens with the range{inder, thor-rghthey can be provided with this
coupling by subsequent adaptation.
Versotility of Lensgs. Since the number of lenses available for use with the
Leica is so large, it might not be an easymatter for all photographers to decide
which lens would best suit their requirements. The following list, arranged
in order of the various types of photognphy, clearly shows the special purposes
to which the different lenses are suited.
Type of Work
lens of Short
Focol lengfh
[ens of long
Focol lengfh
Condid ond
Snopshots
S u m m o r o n3 5 m m
Technicql
S u m m o r o n3 5 m m
Hektor 28 mm
E l m o ro r
Summicron 50 mm
Elmor90 mm
Advertising
S u m m o r o n3 5 m m
Heklor 28 mm
E l m o ro r
Summicron 5O mm
Elmor 90 mm
Londscope
S u m m o r o3n5 m m
H e k t o r2 8 m m
E l m o ro r
Summicron 50 mm
E l m o r9 0 m m
Trovel
Pictures
S u m m o r o n3 5 m m
Hektor 28 mm
E l m o ro r
50 mm
Summicron
E l m o r9 0 m m
Reproductions
S u m m o r o n3 5 m m
E l m o r5 0 m m
H e k t o r1 3 5 m m
Sporls
S u m m o r o n3 5 m m
Summicronor
S u m m o r i t5 0 m m
Summorex 85 mm
S u m m o r o n3 5 m m
Sumrnicronor
Summoril50 mm
Summqrex 85 mm
Summicronor
S u m m o r i l5 0 m m
Elmor90 mm or
Summorex 85 mm
srill Life
Elmor50 mm
Elmor90 mm or
Summorex 85 mm
lnstonloneous
Exposures in
ArtificiolLight
Summicronor
S u m m o r i t5 0 m m
Summorex 85 mm
Stoge Photos I
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Summicronor
S u m m o r i l5 0 m m
Summorex 85 mm
--l
S u m m o r o n3 5 m m
Heklor 28 mm
Elmor,Summicron
o r S u m m o r i t5 0 m m
Summorex 85 mm
Architecture
S u m m o r o3n5 m m
Hektor28 mm
Elmor50 mm
E l m o r9 0 m m
H e k t o r1 3 5 m m
T e l y t2 0 0 m m
Nolure
Photogrophy
Remorks
Elmqr90 mm
lnterior
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lens of Slondord
Focol lengfh
With fine-groin
film
In specio I coses
olso
Hektor 135 mm
Telyt 200 mm
or
Telyt 400 mm
With hishspeedfilms
_-::.,..*.
H e k t o r1 3 5 m m
T e l y t2 0 0 m m
T e l y t4 0 0 m m
Punched tor Leics Binder
E. LEITZ,lnc.
468 Fourth Avenue, New York 16, N. Y.
DD-8.'3.AMP.
Ptiatedin U.S.A.
No. l3i6-D
www.orphancameras.com