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Transcription

nimfo

INDEPENDENT INSTITUTE ON MONITORING
THE FORMATION OF CIVIL SOCIETY
CIVIL SOCIETY DEVELOPMENT
IN UZBEKISTAN
2014
Independent Institute on Monitoring the Formation
of Civil Society
REPORT
CIVIL SOCIETY DEVELOPMENT
IN UZBEKISTAN
Tashkent – 2015
UDK 347.471 (042.3)(575.1)
КBK 66.3(5Ў)12
D-49
Development of Civil Society in Uzbekistan: annual report / G. Abdukarimov [et al.]. – Tashkent :
Baktria press, 2015. - 76 b.
T
he Independent Institute on Monitoring the Formation of Civil Society (IIMFCS) - a non-government
non-profit organization – undertakes systematic monitoring of the processes of formation
of foundations of civil society, assists in strengthening the role of civil society institutions in
democratization and modernization of the country, improving political awareness, justice, social
and political engagement of citizens.
Since 2014, the Institute has introduced the practice of preparation and publication of annual
«Development of Civil Society in Uzbekistan» reports. This report based on the synthesis and analysis
of statistical data of the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the State Statistics Committee,
the Ministry for Development of Information Technologies and Communications, the Ministry of Internal
Affairs, the findings of monitoring conducted by the IIMFCS in 2014.
The report is intended for use by government and non-government organizations, research centers
as well as other concerned institutions specializing in the study and development of proposals in the
field of development of civil society and its institutions.
Collective authors of the IIMFCS express sincere gratitude for the provision of information in the
preparation of this report to the executives and employees of the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of
Uzbekistan, Ministry of Development of Information Technologies and Communications, the Ministry
of Internal Affairs, Prosecutor General’s Office of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Uzbek Agency for
Press and Information, the Creative Union of Journalists of Uzbekistan, the Public Fund for Support
and Development of Independent Print Media and Information Agencies of Uzbekistan, the National
Association of Electronic Mass Media of Uzbekistan, Journalists Training Centre, the Liberal Democratic
Party of Uzbekistan, the National Democratic Party of Uzbekistan, the Milliy Tiklanish Democratic Party,
Adolat Social Democratic Party, Ecological Movement of Uzbekistan, Women’s Committee of Uzbekistan,
Chamber of Commerce and Industry, the Public Fund for Support of NGOs and other civil society
institutions under the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, “Mahalla” Social Charity Foundation,
Federation of Consumer Protection of Uzbekistan, Ijtimoy Fikr Public Opinion research Centre , the
National Association of NGOs of Uzbekistan as well as the Authorized Person for Human Rights of the
Oliy Majlis (Ombudsman).
КBK 66.3(5Ў)12
Collective authors of the Institute will be grateful for receiving any comments and recommendations on the content of the report at the following address: 1-a Bunyodkor st, Tashkent city, (e-mail:
[email protected]).
This report is published with the support of the office of the OSCE Project Coordinator in Uzbekistan.
The views contained therein are not an official position of the OSCE
Team of Autors: G. Abdukarimov, M. Abdusattarov, S. Mansurova, G. Khatamova, S. Donyiorov,
M. Khasanova, E. Kholova, A. Rakhmanov, I. Mirzaakhmedov.
ISBN 978-9943-4566-8-6
© Independent Institute on Monitoring the Formation of Civil Society, 2015
© Baktria press, 2015
CONTENT
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1. Strengthening the role of NGOs in the system of Civil Society Institutions. . . . . . 7
2. Trade Unions in the System of Democratic Institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3. Public Foundations in the Structure of the Civil Society Institutions . . . . . . . . . . 29
4. The Mass Media as a Factor of the Democratization of the Society. . . . . . . . . . . . 35
5. The Role of Political Parties
in Democratization of Government and Administration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
6. Democratic Processes in the Development of Self-governing Bodies. . . . . . . . . 53
7. High legal Awareness — the Foundation of a Democratic Society. . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
IIMFCS | 5
Introduction
H
aving chosen its own way of development,
Uzbekistan has set a goal to become one of
the developed democratic countries worldwide, and guarantee decent life standards
to its people. So-called «Uzbek model» designed by
the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Mr. Islam
Karimov was the basis for the ongoing large-scale
systematic and democratic socioeconomic and sociopolitical reforms. Thereat the priority was determined
as formation of a strengthen civil society, which upholds the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests
of individual, creation of favorable conditions for the
realization of the creative potential of our nation.
The particular feature of the formation of the
foundations of the civil society in Uzbekistan is in
consistent strengthening of the rights and duties
of citizens, involvement of citizens in NGOs, thus,
increasing their political education and social activities.
The strategic importance of the idea of gradual
transition to democracy is not only maintaining social
stability but also solicitous attitude and further development of civil society. Therewith, traditional culture
and mentality of the Uzbek people, their psychology
and the conditions of social organization are the most
beneficial factors of formation of democracy and establishment of civil society in Uzbekistan.
The Uzbek model of democratic development is
based on the idea of maintaining and strengthening
the current historically established multinational
culture of the society, using this factor for the ultimate goal of creating democratic law-governed
state and civil society.
To achieve this goal the effective measures have
been implemented with the focus to create the
required organizational and legal framework for the
formation and unfettered development of civil institutions, to ensure their active participation in democratic
reforms and the liberalization of all spheres of society.
Gradual, systematic implementation of the strategy
of the state and public development has created an
entirely new, dynamically developing system based
on up-to-date management methods as well as all
the required prerequisites for active participation of
institutions of civil administration in it.
At the initial stage of formation of foundations
of national statehood, it was clear that genuine
development of the nation could be achieved in civil
society only. Therefore, the development of strongly
democratic civil society has been defined as “the
general concept of national development.” Gradual
and systematic implementation of the given concept
enabled to achieve the following objectives.
Firstly, to develop and ensure the implementation of
its own model of renewal and progress that responds
to the national interests, and based on the irreversible exodus from the outdated, obsolete totalitarian
Soviet system of governing the state and the society,
envisaging an evolutionary way of development, delicate maintenance of national traditions and values.
Therewith, the government acts as the key reformer
of socio-political and socioeconomic relations.
Secondly, nation-building must be based
on the principle “From the strong state to the
strong civil society”, creating a comprehensive
system of civil society institutions, political parties,
NGOs, local authorities, consistently and gradually transfer some authorized functions from the
Centre to local authorities, public organization
and public authorities.
Thirdly, to ensure the implementation of
measures aimed at further democratization and
liberalization of social life, strengthening the independent judicial system, protection of human
rights and freedoms, creating prerequisites for the
development of independent media. Therewith,
completely new stage of democratic reforms in
this crucial area was unveiled by implementation of the Concept of further enhancement of
democratic reforms and formation of civil society
in the country formulated by the President of the
Republic of Uzbekistan.
It identifies key areas to strengthen the role of
civil society institutions in the continuing reform
process, to enhance their participation in State and
social development, ensuring the transparency and
effectiveness of the implemented reforms.
Through the implementation of the provisions
of this concept, engagement of civil society
institutions in the governance and social development has been enhanced quantitatively and
qualitatively in the recent years, as evidenced by
the outcomes of IIMFCS research in the field of
monitoring the development of civil society of
Uzbekistan in 2014.
1. Strengthening the Role
of NGOs in the System
of Civil Society Institutions
8 | IIMFCS
1.1. Regulatory and Legal Framework
I
n 2014, the country continued its efforts for
improvement of organization and regulatory
framework for establishment and operation of NGOs
in order to deliver their rights and legitimate interests.
An important event of the year was the adoption of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «On
social partnership” designed within the framework of
practical implementation of the Concept of further
enhancement of democratic reforms and formation
of civil society in the country.
The Law defines the forms and mechanisms of
interaction between the government bodies, NGOs
and other civil society institutions in the (including
sectorial and territorial) legal acts as well as the
fundamental rights and duties of the parties in this
process of development and implementation of
programmes for socioeconomic development of
the country.
Establishment of Public Commissions on social
partnership under the Jokargy Kenes (Parliament)
of Karakalpakstan, Council of peoples’ deputies
of regions and Tashkent city, as stipulated in
the Law, is highly important. The Commission
main activities are determined to facilitate the
enhancement of cooperation of NGOs with the
public authorities on places in the implementation of social significant programs and projects;
developing proposals on priority directions of
social partnership; implementation of monitoring
and assessment of social partnership in addressing
issues of social and socioeconomic development
in the specific territory.
Drafting of this law involved participants
such as members of Legislative Chamber and
the Senate of the Oliy Majlis, representatives of
the local authorities, chairmen and activists of
public authorities as well as representatives of
NGOs and the media.
Another significant event of the year 2014,
was the adoption of the Resolution № 57 of the
Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan
«On measures on implementation of the Decree
№ PP-2085 of the President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan, dated December 12, 2013 “On additional measures to facilitate the development of
civil society institutions”.
The Decree approved the measures to simplify
the registration and reporting procedures for NGOs,
improvement of regulatory mechanisms of interaction between governmental bodies and NGOs.
In particular, from January 1, 2014 there are the
following improvements have been introduced:
PP Duty for state registration of NGOs was reduced
by four-fifths; the fees charged for state registration of NGOs insignia were reduced by 2.5-fold.
Therewith, the state taxes for registration of public
associations of the disabled, veterans, women and
children make up 50% of the approved government fees;
PP There is no duty for state registration of NGOs
separate divisions (branches and representative
offices), including those with right of a legal entity;
PP The period of consideration by the justice authorities on issues related to state registration of NGOs
was shortened from two months to only one);
PP The practice of shelving applications was abolished,
which significantly facilitates the applicants’ right to
appeal the decision of the registration authority in
court;
PP The procedure for submission of documents for
re-registration of NGOs was simplified; the number
of documents required for re-registration was
reduced.
In 2014, amendments were introduced to the
Law on Non-government non-profit organizations and the Law on Public Associations in the
Republic of Uzbekistan, according to which, the
term of consideration of the application of NGOs
for state registration was reduced from two months
to one month without the right of extension by the
registration authority. In order to ensure the further
development of NGOs, strengthening their role in
provision of effective measures in reforms implemented in the country it is required that the Law
on Public Oversight in the Republic of Uzbekistan
shall be adopted at earliest.
In addition, it is important to expedite introduction of amendments into the Code on Administrative
Liability of the Republic of Uzbekistan providing reinforcement of liability of the officials for violations of
the Law defining the rights of NGOs to implement
public oversight.
IIMFCS | 9
Legal framework for NGOs
Law on Non-government Organizations (1991);
Law on Non-government non-profit organizations (1999);
Law on Public Foundations (2003);
Law on Charity (2007);
Law on Guarantees of the Activities of NGOs (2007);
The Law on Ecological Control of the Republic of Uzbekistan (2013);
The Law on Social Partnership of the Republic of Uzbekistan (2014);
Joint decree on Measures for Strengthening support of NGOs and other civil society institutions of
the Legislative Chamber and the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan (2008);
Decree on Measures on provision of cooperation in development of civil society institutions in
Uzbekistan of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan (2005);
Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan On additional measures on support in
development of civil society institutions (2013);
Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministry of the Republic of Uzbekistan on measures on implementation
of the Decree № PP-2085 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated 12 December 2013
on additional measures on support in development of civil society institutions 2014) and others.
1.2. Quantitative and Qualitative Structure
In the past two years, growth in the number of
NGOs is due to creation and registration of territorial divisions of the national public organizations
(Farmers Union, Kamolot, and others).
The analysis carried out showed that in spite of
the increase in the number of NGOs, the direction
8190
7866
2014
2013
6226
2012
5791
2010
5431
2010
5103
In 1991, the number of NGOs operating on
the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan
was only five. On 1 January 2000, the number
increased up to 2,585. Currently, there are
8,190 NGOs operating in Uzbekistan. The
number of NGOs has increased by 50% in
the last 4 years.
Dynamics of the changes in the number of NGOs
registered in justice authorities in 2009–2014
2009
D
uring 2014 the trend of steady growth
in the number of NGOs, registered by
the justice authorities was stable. Thus,
on 1 September 2015 the number of
registered NGOs reached 8,190.
of activities for them have not changed significantly
in 2014.: The largest share remain for organizations
which support the development of entrepreneurship and farming (21.2%); those which develop the
democratical institutions compose of 17.6%; sports
(12.9%) and youth organizations (7.6%) as well as
10 | IIMFCS
those which represents the rights and interests of
persons with disabilities (7.1%).
An analysis of the NGOs allocation by region
illustrates that the majority NGOs registered by the
justice authorities operate in Kashkadarya region (694),
Samarkand region (685), Tashkent region (679), Andijan
region (650) and Fergana region (640). The lowest
number of NGOs registered by the justice authorities,
operate in Navoi (372) and Syrdarya region (418).
The majority of NGOs in the Fergana region
operate in the field of environmental safety, NGOs
in the Samarkand region are engaged in the
development of sport, and NGOs in Tashkent city
promote the rights and the interests of persons with
disabilities.
Monitoring of the legal and organizational forms
of non-government non-profit organizations showed
that significant number of the NGO was registered by
the justice authorities as public associations - their
number equals 5,819 and 589 registered as public
foundations.
As a result of random survey of 208 NGOs and
their leaders, the following has been revealed: 16%
of non-government non-profit organizations are
the founders of various businesses. In particular,
9% of NGOs are the founders of subsidiaries
companies, 6% are the founders of limited liability
companies, and 1% are founders of open jointstock companies.
Distribution of NGOs according to the area
of activities (in %)
0,3 Journalism and Media
0,9 Friendship society
1,7 Ethnic-cultural centres
2,1 Research centres
2,2 Development of handicrafts
2,7 Healthcare
2,8 Ecology
3,4
Empowerment of women
4 Response in emergency situations
4,1 Trade Unions
of rights and interests
4,1 Protection
of veterans
cultural development
5,3 Historical
and education
7,1 Protection of rights and interests
of people with disabilities
7,6 Youth education
Sports development 12,9
Development of democratic institutions 17,6
Development f entrepreneurship and farming 21,2
Legal organizational forms of NGOs
Public Funds
Other legal organizational forms
18,7%
Institutions
7%
3,5%
70,8%
NGOs
IIMFCS | 11
According to the findings of the random
survey, non-government non-profit organizations engage on average 2 or 5 volunteers, who
are mostly students, in implementation of grant
projects. The number of volunteers involved in
the previous year was 41,660 people, and the
number of people contracted for provision of
particular services was 206.
In the activities of local NGOs, there are some
organizational issues, which demand an urgent
solution, including inadequate facilities and infrastructure. In this regard, there is a designated role
of the Public commissions on social partnership
under Jokargy Kenes (Parliament) of Karakalpakstan
Kengashes members of Parliament of regions and
Tashkent city.
Distribution of NGOs by the regions of the country
Khorezm region
Surkhandarya region
Samarkand region
Namangan region
Navoi region
Kashkadarya region
Jizzak region
Bukhara region
Andijan region
372
Republic of Karakalpasktan
522
418
424
428
Republican NGOs
520
510
640
Tashkent city
552
Fergana region
572
679
685
Tashkent region
524
694
Sirdarya region
650
12 | IIMFCS
1.3. Financial Sustainability
I
n Uzbekistan the Government support for NGOs
is widely used through the forms of direct and
indirect financing of its activities.
Direct Government financing is implemented
in accordance with the Law on Guarantees of the
Activities of Non-government non-profit organizations as well as the Law on Social Partnership in the
form of government subsidies, grants and state
procurement. This form of support is carried out
through the Public Fund for NGOs Support and
other civil society institutions under the Oliy Majlis.
Nevertheless, the number of NGOs participating
in grant financing by the Public Fund for support of
NGOs and other civil society institutions under the
national parliament, was reduced in 2014. Whereas
there were 639 participating NGOs in 2013, 421
applications from NGOs were submitted to the
Parliamentary Commission for consideration in
2014. Accordingly, the number of NGOs, which
won grants, decreased: 193 organizations in 2013
and — 176 NGOs1 in 2014.
As per results of the survey conducted among
leaders and activists of NGOs as well as experts
in this area, the drop in level of participation of
NGOs in grant competitions of Public Foundation
under the Parliament, is due to the fact that majority
of the regional NGOs, in the given period, continued
to implement projects financed by the Fund at the
end of 2013.
http://fundngo.uz/documents/winners- grantscompetition.html
1
Government support of NGOs in Uzbekistan chart
STATE
Direct financing
Indirect financingg
Fund under
Oliy Majlis
Public Funds under
NGOs
Kengashes members of
Parliament
Fund under
the National
Association
NGOs
Subsidies
Government
procurements
Grants
Registered NGOs which
submitted appropriate
documents to the specified Funds
Tax exemptions
Customs facilities
Targeted remission
Non-targeted
remission
All registered NGOs (not
involved in business activity or
specified in the Decree of the
President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan or the Government)
All registered NGOs,
specified in the Decree
of the President of the
Republic of Uzbekistan or
the Government
IIMFCS | 13
The amount of funds allocated by the Public Fund
for grant financing of NGO projects of social importance has declined. Whereas, in 2013 the Fund allocated 2.7 billion soums, in 2014, this figure amounted
to 2.4 billion soums. However, the average amount
of funds allocated to one project has not changed.
In 2014, the Public Fund under the Parliament
introduced the tender on secure government
procurement. The result of the tender was the placement of 18 government orders through NGOs. The
State has a specific form of public support of NGOs in
the form of indirect financing of these organizations
through granting various tax exemptions full or partial
exemption from some tax type.
Participation of NGOs in grant projects of the
Public Foundation under the Oliy Majlis
2009
218 56
2010
275
82
2011
465
122
564
2012
163
639
2013
421
2014
Number of participants
176
Number of winners
444,6
989,5
2 492,56
2 706,5
1 776,3
2 300,4
Grant financing allocated by the Public Fund in 2009-2014
(in millions of soums)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
193
2014
14 | IIMFCS
An important factor in ensuring the financial
sustainability of NGOs is funds saved thanks to the
legislation granting tax benefits and exemptions
from other fees and duties. Currently, according
to the adopted Decrees of the President and the
Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the
Government budget has allocated funds for the
improvement of the facilities of 71 national NGOs. 31
NGOs were exempted from relevant taxes, charges
and fees. The implementation of such measures is
motivated by the effective work of the NGOs in the
areas such as promotion of healthy lifestyle in the
society, nurturing future generation in harmony,
boost the development of small business and private
enterprises; employment, protection of rights and
legitimate interests of citizens, their full-scale participation socio-political, socioeconomic and cultural
life in the country as well as the strengthening of
the role of NGOs in modernization and democratic
renovation of society, public and Government development in Uzbekistan.
Another source of funding for NGOs is grants
from international and foreign organizations. With
the financial support of foreign and international
organizations such as OSCE Project Coordinator
in Uzbekistan, the Global Fund to Fight AIDS,
Tuberculosis and Malaria, UNDP, UNICEF, the Japan
International Cooperation Agency (JICA), the US
Embassy in the Republic of Uzbekistan and the other,
NGOs implemented projects addressed to improve
public health service, education, the development
of entrepreneurship, handicrafts, agriculture, tourism
and environmental protection in the regions in 2014.
Membership fees remain the main source of the
budget particularly for certain specialized organizations, such as the trade unions and the territorial
departments of Commerce and Industry Chamber
of Uzbekistan. An example of the support by the
businesses to NGOs is Kamolot, whose budget is
financed by small businesses, in compliance with
signed agreements on mutual support in the amount
of 8% of the amount of the single tax.
According to the Tax Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan NGOs are exempted from the
following taxes:
BB Corporate tax (Article 126);
BB Value-added tax (Article 197);
BB Tax on use of water resources (Article 257);
BB Corporate property tax (Article 265);
BB Land tax (Article 279);
BB Social infrastructure tax (Article 295).
NGOs are also exempted from the compulsory contributions to the:
BB Pension Fund (Art. 312); BB National Road Fund (Art. 316);
BB Extra-budgetary fund for Reconstruction, Refurbishment and Equipping of Schools, Vocational colleges, academic lyceums and medical institutions.
NGOs, public associations of disabled persons, Chamber of Commerce and Industry of
Uzbekistan, the Council of Farmers of Uzbekistan, subdivisions thereof shall be exempt
from payment of official fees:
BB In the courts of general jurisdiction (Art. 329);
BB In economic courts (Art. 330).
IIMFCS | 15
1.4. Infrastructure
R
egulatory framework, which regulates the
issues of strengthening the facilities and
infrastructure of NGOs in order to enable
their participation in implementation of
government programs, addressing social and
humanitarian problems, has been improving every
year. In this regard, special attention is given to the
Committee on Democratic Institutions, NGOs and
Self-governing bodies of the Legislative Chamber of
Oliy Majlis of Uzbekistan. Success story of NANNOUz
last year, that is of notice, was the organization
and conducting of III National Forum of NGOs in
Uzbekistan, in December 2014, with 800 NGOs and
1500 leaders and activists as participants at regional
and national levels. The forum act as a platform for
constructive dialogue between the state bodies and
public organizations. As an outcome, 457 regional
NGOs signed Memorandum of Cooperation with the
Council of Ministers of the Republic of Karakalpakstan,
regional khokimiyats (Council) and the khokimiyat
of Tashkent city (City Council) as well as national
organizations such as the Women’s Committee of
Uzbekistan, Chamber of Commerce and Industry
of Uzbekistan, Kamolot, Mahalla and Nuroniy Funds
and others.
At the forums, the Certificates of Acknowled
gement were awarded to 56 regional NGOs,
which actively participated in the implementation of “Year of the Healthy Child”, the State
program. In 2014, NANNOUz provided advisory
and methodological assistance in the development of the project proposals of over 110 NGOs.
Among them, 45 most significant projects were
supported by the decision of the Parliamentary
Commission.
There is an important part of NANNOUz
activities, which promote participation of NGOs,
engaged with issues related to the rights and
interests of persons with disabilities, in the
implementation of socially important projects
and programs to improve standards of living
of citizen. In particular, in 2014, the Advisory
Council of NGOs of disabled persons, created
under NANNOUz, with the assistance of governmental bodies, NGOs, research centers designed
and submitted for consideration to the Cabinet
The National Association of NGOs of
Uzbekistan (NANNOUz) has been operating
since 2005. Currently NANGOUz has its
resource centers in 12 regions, uniting more
than 500 – NGOs and consolidate their efforts
in the implementation of social projects and
programs.
of Ministry of the Republic of Uzbekistan the
Action Plan on ratification and implementation
of the UN Convention on Rights of Persons with
Disabilities.
In 2014 the Women’s Committee of Uzbekistan
and the Ecological Movement of Uzbekistan, with
the key objectives of supporting women and
environmental NGOs respectively, also implemented functions on consolidation of specialized
NGOs.
The Women’s Committee of Uzbekistan
The Women’s Committee of Uzbekistan
has approximately 41,000 primar y
organizations across the country. In accor
dance with the legislation, elected leader
of Women’s Committee of Uzbekistan
is simultaneously appointed as the
Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic
of Uzbekistan, whereas elected leaders
of territorial divisions of the Committee
appointed as Deputy khokims of 12 regions
respectively, 168 districts and 25 cities.
16 | IIMFCS
The Women’s Committee of Uzbekistan held
more than 600 events in the city and at the local
level in order to facilitate the participation of
women’s NGOs in the implementation of programs
aimed at promoting the rights and legitimate
interests of women as well as improving the
socioeconomic activities of young women in
2014. Within the framework of implementation
of Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) in the
country, Committee offices in cooperation with
national partners as well as a number of international representative organizations organized
roundtables and training seminars in a current
fiscal year. The Committee is engaged with the
development of the regular periodic national
report on the implementation of the Convention
by The Republic of Uzbekistan. The findings of
the survey of the leaders and activists of regional
NGOs highlight the need for further improvements
in technical capacity of the organizations in the
regions. In this regard, the primary task of the
National Association of NGOs of Uzbekistan is
ensurance of full operation of resource centers
in the regions, organization of effective activity
of the Public commissions on social partnership
under Jokargy Kenes of Karakalpakstan, Kengashes
of regions and Tashkent city.
1.5. Protection of Public Interest
T
he findings of the study carried out in 2014
shows that NGOs are continuously involved
in the implementation of democratic reforms
in the country, design and implementation
of important state programs for socioeconomic
development.
In 2014, NGOs continued to participate in the
process of improving national legislation, development and discussion of regulatory legal act drafts,
which has been designed in the framework of the
practical implementation of the Concept.
In particular, there were over 1,500 representatives
of domestic NGOs which were involved in public
discussions and public evaluation of draft laws on
Social partnership and Public Oversight. Collected
suggestions and recommendations were submitted
for analysis and synthesis to the relevant expert group
on preparation of draft legislation as well as to the
Legislative Chamber of Oliy Majlis.
In 2014, NGOs were also engaged in the implementation of sectorial, regional and territorial socioeconomic development. In particular, 27 NGOs were
involved in the implementation of Year of Healthy
Child State programme. According to this programme,
the local authorities have adopted regional programs
at the local levels, with more than 370 NGOs engaged
in implementation.
There have been established institutional mechanisms of interaction, which have been effectively
operating between the state bodies and NGOs in
order to solve the socioeconomic — development
issues as well as protection of the rights, freedoms
and interests of various strata of the population.
In 2014, the leaders and activists of NGOs
continued to work as members of more than 40
permanent national interagency committees (i.e.
councils, working groups), established in accordance
with the Decrees of the President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan.
Selective survey of 208 heads of regional NGOs,
conducted by the Institute in order to study the
effect of NGOs activity on socioeconomic condition
of the region, revealed that 73% of NGOs interact and
cooperate with local Khokimiyat within the framework
of the implementation of its statutory objectives as
well as the organization of joint activities.
The results of the survey of representatives of
NGOs, registered by the state, illustrated that the
main type of their activity is provision of public
services such as social education (17%); legal
consulting and improvement of the material welfare
of vulnerable groups (13%); employment (12%);
provision of care without accommodation (9%);
social-rehabilitation of people with disabilities (8%);
health services and the provision of care with accommodation (7%) and others.
An analysis of the monitoring data involving more
than 400 respondents revealed the existence of NGOs’
idle capacity in the implementation of the statutory
objectives as well as the implementation of public
oversight. Particularly, NGOs registered in the regions,
are not actively involved in the implementation of
IIMFCS | 17
public oversight; and only 38% of NGOs, which
obtained State registration, have experience in public
oversight.
Moreover, with it, regional NGOs with State
registration, are passive in the implementation
of government programs. A survey of 187 NGO
representatives showed, that, generally it is the
national NGOs with their structural units at the local
levels such as Mahalla Fund, Kamolot, Women’s
Committee of Uzbekistan, Soglom Avlod Uchun
Charitable Foundation, Nuroniy Fund, trade unions
and others are involved in the implementation of
government programs.
In order of further development of the institutional principles of social partnership, it is appropriate
for government bodies to consider introducing staff
positions in charge of interaction with NGOs in the
development of sectorial programs.
For the revitalization of the NGOs it is of high
priority to gradually increase the level of legal
knowledge and political awareness of NGO leaders
and activists, their awareness of the tools provided
by Law on Public Oversight, the right to apply to
the state authorities requesting for information as
well as to appeal against illegal decisions of the
officials, etc.
Representatives of NGOs actively participate in
addressing social tasks, implement monitoring
compliance with laws protecting human rights
and freedoms, transparency of governmental
bodies activities within the framework of the
commissions such as: National interdepartmental commission against human traffic;
National Commission for co-ordination of activities against the spread of HIV;
interdepartmental Council on coordination of
governmental bodies on legal advocacy and
education;
Commission for cases of minors under the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan;
Public Council under the Ministry of Defense;
Interagency task force on observance of rights
and freedoms of individuals by law-enforcement
authorities and other governmental bodies
Interdepartmental Expert Group on Monitoring
progress on implementation of National Action
Plan within the framework of CEDAW and other.
1.6. Public Recognition
S
ocial status of NGOs has been gaining more
appreciation by every year. Public has recognized the work of civil society activists. For the
period from 2010 to 2013, by the Decree of the
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 159 NGO
representatives received State awards, 46 NGOs representatives were honored with State awards in 2014.
A survey conducted among 1,100 respondents
by the Ijtimoiy Fikr, the public opinion research centre
shows that 54.9% of participants confirmed their
knowledge of the NGOs and their main activity, which
demonstrates the gradual increase in the role of NGOs
in society, with the help of continuing reforms in the
country.
At the same time, institutional mechanisms for
informing general public and local authorities about
the activities as well as social projects and programs
implemented by regional NGOs in the area of socioeconomic development of the regions require further
improvemen.
2. Trade Unions in the System
of Democratic Institutions
20 | IIMFCS
T
he fundamental right of workers to form
trade unions is in place in Uzbekistan. The
status of trade unions is secured by the
national legislation: the right to form trade
unions as a part of the political rights is stipulated
in Chapter 8 of the Constitution of the Republic of
Uzbekistan (Art. 34). Chapter 13 of the Constitution
establishes the legal status of trade unions, according to which Trade unions express and protect
the socioeconomic rights and interests of workers.
Furthermore, the legal basis for trade unions activities stipulated in the Labour Code of the Republic of
Uzbekistan (1995), in the Law on Public Associations
The legal framework for the activities
of trade unions:
The Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan
(1992);
Labor Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan (1995);
The Law on Public associations in the Republic of
Uzbekistan (1991);
The Law on Trade Unions, Rights and Guarantees
of their activities (1992);
The Law on Protection of labor (1993);
The Law on Non-government organizations
(1999);
The Law on Guarantees of Activities of NGOs
(2007);
Resolution of the President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan on Measures for promoting the
development of civil society institutions in
Uzbekistan (2005); Resolution of the President
of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Additional
measures for promoting the development of civil
society institutions (2013);
Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of
the Republic of Uzbekistan on Measures for
implementation the Decree № PP-2085 of the
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated
December 12, 2013 on Additional measures
for promoting the development of civil society
institutions (2014);
in Uzbekistan (1991), on Trade Unions, their rights and
guarantees on their activities (1992), on Protection of
labor (1993), on Non-government organizations (1999)
and the Law on Guarantees of Activities of NGOs (2007).
In accordance with the Law on Trade Unions,
Their Rights and Guarantees of their Activities, the
trade union (the union) is a voluntary public organization, which consolidates the workers united by
common profession both in manufacturing and
the non-manufacturing sectors for the protection
of labor and promoting socioeconomic rights and
interests of the members.
An independent Chapter determines the fundamental rights of trade unions, which are as follows:
participation in the drafting of laws and regulations;
negotiate and conclude collective agreements and
contracts; monitoring compliance with labour legislation and trade unions; protection of the civil rights
for labor and social protection.
Specific Chapter defines guarantees of the rights of
trade unions. Specifically, it identifies the responsibilities of the governmental bodies and economic entities administrations, public organizations and officials
towards trade unions, guarantees of the workers who
have been elected as members of trade unions.
According to the Labor Code of of Uzbekistan, collective agreements and contracts set equal to legislative
instrument and other Labour regulations and standards
and shall be subject to compulsory implementation.
Therefore, an important result of social partnership was the signing of the General Agreement
on Socioeconomic issues between the Cabinet
of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Trade
and Industry Chamber of Uzbekistan and the Trade
Unions Council Federation of Uzbekistan1.
The General Agreement that has been concluded
for 2014-2016 is currently valid one.
It is notable that systematic improvements in
the national legislation on NGOs, the introduction
of the concept of social partnership within the Law
on social partnership” there is a long-felt need in
the country for the revised version of the Law on
Trade Unions (current Law was adopted in 1992).
1http://kasaba.uz/ru/respublikanskij-kruglyj-stol-na-temuosobo-znachimye-voprosy-v-sfere-truda/
IIMFCS | 21
B
2013
2014
2012
2013
36 691
2011
34 957
33 232
2012
33 355
2011
6 122
Dynamics of changes in the number of trade
unions in 2011-2014
5 983
Growth trends of trade union membership in
2011-2014 (thousands)
5 905
By means of creation of new trade unions at
public and private sector organizations.
As of January 1, 2015, the number of grassroots
unions reached 36691 units. Accordingly, there is
an increase in the number of trade union members,
which totaled 6,122 million people, compared to
5,917 million people in 2011. 12% of chairmen of
shop-floor union organizations are young people
under the age of 30.
5 917
etween 2011 and 2014 for the purpose of
savings and efficient allocation of resources,
the Council of the Federation of Trade
Unions optimized its structure on both local
and national levels. The number of trade unions
has decreased from 25 to 14.
Targeted support of small and medium businesses
contributed to the creation of new jobs, and as a
consequence, has strengthened the organization
of trade unions.
2014
22 | IIMFCS
Membership in trade unions
The number of trade unions at companie
0,4% Aviation
26 Aviation
0,8% Chemical industry
39 Chemical industry
1% Communication
140 Railways
1,3% Energetics
148 Energetics
1,4% Railways
182 Communication
1195 2,4% Oil, gas, geology
1195 Oil, gas, geology
217
Metallurgy industry and engineering
2.5% 2936
2936
267 Metallurgy
industry and engineering
3245
4.9% Governmental bodies
and public services
3245
1,195 Public healthcare
6% Transport, roads,
5566 and capital construction
2,936 Transport, roads,
and capital construction
5566
3,245 Governmental bodies
and public17792
services
Trading and services 8.4% 17792
Public healthcare
Agriculture
Science and culture
12.3%
4,938
28.2%
30.3%
5,566
Science and culture
Trading and services
Agriculture
17,792
T
he main sources of financing Trade Unions are
contributions from its members; deductions
from the amount of the unified social tax;
means received from employees for travel
vouchers granted in the established order; as well as
income from the activities of sanatoria and resorts
established by the Council of Federation of Trade
Unions. In compliance with the Charters of sectorial
trade unions, the amount of membership fee is set at
not less than 1% of the salaries and similar payments.
Considering the social focus of the activities
of trade unions; the Government has allocated
specific funds for the implementation of social
events, such as, healthcare and wellbeing of
workers and their families, strengthening the
physical infrastructure of sanatorium and health
resorts. These funds include contributions from
the unified social taxes transferred to the Council
of Federation of Trade Unions according to legislation.
IIMFCS | 23
2.4. Infrastructure
P
rincipal organizations, qualified to consolidate
efforts of trade unions in ensuring workers’
rights are the Council of Federation of Trade
Unions of Uzbekistan, sectorial and territorial
associations of trade unions.
Trade Unions Council Federation of Uzbekistan is
a national public association founded on voluntary
basis by trade unions of Uzbekistan- in cooperation
with territorial industry associations of the Trade
Union Organization with intent of realization, and
protection of labor, social and economic rights and
interests of trade union members in industrial and
non-industrial spheres.
Implementation of statutory commitments
and resolutions of the Kurultai of Federation of
the Trade Unions of Uzbekistan carried out by
the Council of the Federation. The Council of the
Federation is also in charge of drafting proposals
and securing in laws and other legal acts the
issues related to social and labor rights, including
employment, labor relations, wages, working
environment and safety, health of workers, the
environment protection, housing and cultural
services, social guarantees for workers. The obligations of the Council of Federation of Trade Unions
are the following: the approval of the authorized
representatives of the Federation in tripartite
commission on social and labor regulations;
coordination of activities affiliates in solving interrepublic, interregional and trade union-related
tasks; organization of trade union’s national events
and others.
Organizations that consolidate trade unions:
BB The Council of the Federation of Trade Unions
BB 14 sectorial trade unions;
BB 14 territorial associations of trade union organizations.
2.5. Protection of Public Interests
T
rade unions carry out protection of the public
interest by implementing the basic principles
and mechanisms of social partnership and
Public Oversight1.
Social partnership
Cooperation of Trade Unions with government authorities and employers are implemented on national,
sectorial, territorial and local levels of social partnership.
Currently, on national level,- the General Agreement
on socioeconomic issues for the period 2014–2016
is implemented. This agreement, signed jointly by
the Cabinet of Ministers, the Council of Federation
of Trade Unions and Chamber of Commerce and
Industry Uzbekistan.
It is considered the main regulation instrument of social-partnership on labor relations.
http://kasaba.uz/ru/category/deyatelnost/
1
The dynamics of growth in number
of signed sectorial agreements
2011
85
2012
86
2013
85
2014
90
Based on the General agreement, there are 90
sectorial, 14 regional agreements signed, over
107,000 collective agreements are signed directly
at enterprises. The percentage of Collective agreements signed by legal entities on members of
trade union services is 98.1%.
24 | IIMFCS
Number of operating sectorial agreements
in 2014 in breakdown by industries
1 Railways
1 Chemical industry
1 Energetics
2
Oil, gas, geology
2
Aviation
2
Metallurgy industry and engineering
4
Communication
4
Public healthcare
Transport, roads, and capital construction
5
6
Science and culture
10
Commodity consumption
and services
15
Agriculture
The main objectives of the Coordination Councildefined as follow:
PP Coordination of ministries efforts, departments, organizations of all forms ownership,
trade unions, employers’ associations, public
and international organizations and other civil
society institutions, with the aim of eliminating
the worst forms of child labor;
PP Participation in the development of national
policies in the given area.
In addition to traditional mechanisms of social
partnership, The Council of Federation of Trade
Unions participates in joint projects within the
framework of the memorandum signed with
more than 30 government and non-government
organizations, such as the Ministry of Labor and
Social Protection, the Committee on Labour and
Social Issues of the Legislative Chamber of Oliy
Majlis, Central Bank, State Tax Committee, The State
Statistics Committee, NGOs Center, (NANNOUz,
”Kamolot”), “Ijtimoiy Fikr” Public opinion research
Centre, Federation of Consumer Protection.
Public Oversight
The right of trade unions to monitor social control,
its forms, scopes and methods, stipulated in the
Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the
Implementation of measures on social protection Labour Code and the Law on Trade Unions, Their
Rights and Guarantees of their activities.
in 2014 led to the following:
Public Oversight has been implemented by
PP Shorter of working weeks for 6,446 females with
children;
trade unions in the areas such as, conditions
PP To provide financial assistance to 11,266 mothers and payment for labour; health and safety at
with children aged from 2 to 3 years, 107,778 work; social protection; living conditions; social
families with low-income and 34,077 lone elderly security, health and cultural interests of the
workers, employment. The principle of reprepeople;
PP To proceed with partial payments for education sentativeness of workers in the legal regulation
contracts for 2,819 students;
of labor is implemented primarily through the
active participation of trade unions in legislative
PP Allocate interest-free loans to 4,384 families.
Today the unions are actively involved in the activities.
Thus, with the direct involvement of trade
design and implementation of socioeconomic
development programs and regulatory acts; unions there have been developed more than 150
participate in the working groups and commis- legal acts in the social and labor sector, including
sions activities, and public advisory bodies under laws “On social partnership, on Transparency of
Activities of Government Bodies, on Appeals of
the state authorities.
Since 2013, the unique public institution has been Individuals and Legal Entities, on Family-owned
operating successfully the Coordination Council Business.
At present, the trade unions are involved in the
on Child Labour, composed of the Heads of the
Council Federation of the Trade Unions, the Ministry development of draft laws on Labour Protection,
of Labour and Social Welfare, Chamber of Commerce on Public Oversight in the Republic of Uzbekistan,
and Industry of Uzbekistan, and other civil society on social services for the elderly, the disabled
institutions and international organizations.
persons and other categories of the population.
Governmental bodies and public services
37
IIMFCS | 25
In 2014, during the implementation of Public
Oversight of the labor protection by trade unions
at more than 5,890 enterprises and organizations
in Uzbekistan were revealed approximately 33,640
failures, of which more than 25,860 (77%) were eliminated. 670 cases were clarified on various matters
within the competence of trade unions.
In order to improve social control, in cooperation
with the Trade and Industry Chamber of Uzbekistan,
the trainings for labour safety managers are established, with the current number of attendees more
than 38,000 people.
In the course of monitoring the due wage
payments, in 2014, the trade unions appealed to
the government bodies and employers with 268
cases resulting in recovered 115,1 billion soums.
In order to strengthen the Public Oversight on
compliance with labor legislation, citizens can
apply at all levels of the Council of Federation
of Trade Unions, through Trade Union official
websites, with interactive services in the form of
legal advice.
Healthcare
In the framework of continuing program of improving
trade union policy providing healthcare of citizens,
due to capital construction, reconstruction and modernization of health resorts and holiday homes, the
quality of services provided improved significantly
as well as enhanced opportunities.
The number of complains consider by the
trade unions in 2014
48
Participation of Trade Unions in the expertise of
legal documents in 2011–2014
From 2011 to 2014, the trade unions considered
42,830 complaints from citizens. In the previous year,
through the hotline network consulting services
were provided to more than 6,700 citizens.
About 68% of all complaints related to labor
relations, including 39.8% — application of labor
legislation, 27.9% — illegal actions of employers.
In the framework of provision of labor rights and
freedoms for citizens in the first half of 2014, 6,558
cases were considered and resolved positively, of
which 2,816 were satisfied, and 3295 were clarified.
Trade unions often file claims to the courts as well
as claims to employers, government authorities for
restoration of violated right. For example, in 2014,
the trade unions filed 111 claims in the courts as
well as 328 claims were submitted by the employer,
resulting in 1,143 restored rights of citizens.
38
41
2
25
0,18
IN TOTAL
3,5
8,900,000
3,3
Received from citizens
directly
Received in written
form
2011
2012
2013
2014
Electronically
Received through
HOT-LINES
26 | IIMFCS
Number of rehabilitated individuals in
health resorts under the trade union
system (thousand people)
113
101
2012
2013
33
2011
2012
Claims to courts
60
42
111
89
98
21
328
356
27
385
39
40
448
Actions taken on restoration
of worker’s rights in 2014
2013
2014
2011
On favorable
conditions
Claims to employers
Thus, in 2014, 11,2987 workers and their family
members took recreation activities in health centers.
(The figure increased on 21% compare to 2011),
40,149 workers among them, took recreation
activities on favorable conditions with discount.
(The figure is 21% more than in 2011).
2014
Rehabilitated
individuals
Whereas, before the year 2011, trade union
members enjoyed favorable conditions once
every five years, paying only 50% of the total
cost, in 2013 the payment reduced to 45% of
the total cost with the frequency one or two
times per year.
T
he results of conducted research by «Ijtimoiy
Fikr” show that trade unions remain the most
large scale public organization providing
comprehensive social support to citizens,
ensuring the protection of their labor and professional
rights.
In particular, monitoring disclosed the following:
PP The vast majority (97.5%) of survey participants are
members of a trade union at their place of work;
PP The main reason for the respondents to become
a member of the trade union is that they expect
unions to fulfill their expectations on social
support and protection of labor rights;
PP 56.8% of respondents believe that the most
important and priority task of trade unions is to
protect the legitimate labor and socioeconomic
rights and interests of citizens;
PP Respondents believe that the most important direction in trade union committees’ activities is to provide
social assistance to workers. For example, more than
30% of participants noted that they had received
financial assistance from the trade union committee
within the framework of implementation of the
obligations stipulated in the collective agreement;
PP The intensity of filing claims to the trade union
committee is at a sufficiently high level. More
IIMFCS | 27
2011
2012
2013
Company activities studied
Claims issued
Failures
Eliminated
than 65% questioned individuals applied to their
trade unions for the provision of free legal advice.
Trade Union’s active citizenship ultimately
reflects the process of formation of the civil
society in Uzbekistan. In the elections held in
3599
5 893
14 600
2701
5 824
3220
5 690
15 567
19 736
23 305
19 243
3462
7 582
25 861
31 268
33 644
Number of revealed and eliminated failures in
labour protection from 2011 to 2014
2014
December 2014, 59 leaders of trade union organizations were elected to the Legislative Chamber of
Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, regional,
district and city Kengash (councils) of members
of Parliament.
3. Public Foundations in the
Structure of the Civil Society
Institutions
30 | IIMFCS
L
egal foundations which regulate issues of social
funds activities, guarantees of their rights and
legitimate interests are secured in a number
of legal documents adopted in the field of
non-government organizations.
ВIn particular, in 2003, the Law on public funds»
was adopted, which stipulates the concept of «Public
foundations», the procedures and state registration of
foundations and the economic bases of their activities.
According to the Law, the public fund is a nonmembership, non-profit non-government organization, founded by legal and/or individuals based on
voluntary material contributions, pursuing charitable,
social, cultural, educational or other valuable to the
community goals.
In 2014, the Law on social partnership of the
Republic of Uzbekistan, according to which under
Jokargy Kenes of Karakalpakstan, members of
Parliament of the regions and Tashkent city define
the creation of specialized foundations to support
NGOs and other civil society institutions.
The state registration procedures of public funds,
including their separate subdivisions (branches and
representative offices), stipulated in the Decree
№ 57 of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic
of Uzbekistan dated on 10 March 2014, «On the
procedure of state registration of NGOs”.
Additionally, the Ministry of Justice of the
Republic of Uzbekistan produced draft Resolution
of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of
Uzbekistan «On issues of formation of the initial
capital of public funds and its participation in the
commercial organizations activities», which was
submitted for further consideration and discussion
to the governmental bodies and public organizations in 2014.
T
here are international, national and domestic funds operating in the Republic of
Uzbekistan. In 2014, the total amount of
public funds registered in the Ministry of
Justice of the Republic of Uzbekistan and its local
branches decreased by 26.8%. Whereas in 2013 the
given index was 805 units, in 2014 — 589 units1.
The declining trend in the total amount of
public funds was due to the elimination of some
structured-funds, such as, «Navruz» International
Charity Foundation, «Farzandim jigarbandim
“National Fund, «Disabled warriors of Afghan war»
Charitable Fund regional branches «Tursunboy
Eshonov» Regional Fund etc.
Analysis of statutory tasks and priority
areas of public funds activity showed that the
1 http://www.minjust.uz/ru/interactive/nnt/389/3144
greatest number of organizations operates in
the following areas: development of democratic
institutions (28.2%), cultural and historical development and education (19.8%), protection of
the rights and interests of veterans (16.6%). The
smallest number of funds operates in the field
of handicrafts (0.1%).
Analysis of the number of public funds by
region showed that most of the funds operates
in Kashkadarya (11%), Samarkand (7.7%) regions
and the in the Republic of Karakalpakstan, (7.6%).
Additionally, the most of the funds (9, 8%) was registered in the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of
Uzbekistan as a national NGO. The smallest number
of public funds operates in Syrdarya region (3.5%)
and Navoi (4, 0%) region.
IIMFCS | 31
Public funds registered in the
Justice authorities in 2007–2014 (pcs.)
Distribution of public funds by
areas of activity
Development of journalism and mass media – 0,4%
Friendship society – 0,4%
Growth of women
activity – 0,4%
Entrepreneurship
development – 1,2%
Development of folk-crafts – 0,1%
Development of
democratic institutions
Scientific and research
centers – 2,1%
28,2%
Cultural
and historical
Development
and education
4,8%
5,9%
19,8%
8,5%
16,6%
8,6%
Ecology – 3%
Protection of
rights and interests
of invalids
2007
201
602
803
2008
203
608
811
2009
190
596
786
2010
186
596
782
2011
188
596
784
504
788
2012
Youth
education
2013
Sport
development
2014
232
805
573
200
389
589
Passed the state registration
Passed accounting registration
Public health
service
Protection of rights and
interests of veterans
284
Distribution of public funds by regions of the country (%)
12,5
11
8
7
5
Tashkent city
Khorezm region
Fergana ragion
Tashkent region
Samarkand region
3,8
Namangan region
Navoi region
Kashkadarya region
Jizzakh region
Bukhara region
Andijan region
Republic of Karakalpakstan
6,2
5,8
4,5
4
Republican funds
6,7
6,5
Syrdarya region
5,1
7,4
Surkhandarya region
6,5
32 | IIMFCS
I
n accordance with the “Law on public funds”, the
sources of ensuring of the financial stability of
the fund are monetary and other non-recurrent
or regular proceeds from the founders; property
of testator transferred to the fund under the will in
the time of establishment of the fund; voluntary
The numbers of public funds winning in grant
competitions held by the Public Fund under
the Oliy Majlis in 2009–2014
21
16
19
19
2012
2013
13
7
2009
2010
2011
2014
Amounts of grant resources allocated by the
Public Foundation under the Oliy Majlis, for
the purpose of supporting of public funds’
socially-significant projects in 2009–2014
(million soums)
279
270,9
269
192,9
145,8
donations of legal entities and individuals; grants
from legal entities and individuals1.
Also, the foundations have the right to do business within the limits corresponding to their statutory objectives.
In accordance with the current legislation,
the funds shall publish an annual report on their
activities for the past year, including financial statements and information concerning the sources of
fund financing.
It should be noted that the important source of
financial stability of the public funds of the Republic,
implementing socially valuable tasks are resources
of the Public Fund for support of NGOs of and other
civil society institutions under the Oliy Majlis of the
Republic of Uzbekistan.
As the study shows, the number of funds
involved in grant competitions held by the Public
Fund under the country’s parliament is constantly
growing: whereas in 2013, 19 funds were winners
of grant competition, in 2014 the number went
up to 212.
The amount of resources allocated annually by
the Public Fund under the country’s parliament
for grant support of socially significant projects
of the funds is also increasing: whereas in 2009
36 million soums were allocated, in 2014 this
indicator increased significantly and amounted
to 297 million soums, herewith the amount
allocated for implementation of one project is
14–15 million soums.
Another source of funding for the public funds
activity is grant resources provided by foreign
and international donors. The analysis showed
that the most active financial support of public
funds was provided by such organizations as
UNICEF, UNESCO, USAID, the Korean Fund for
International Health(«KOFIH», Republic of Korea),
and others.
Analysis of joint activities of public funds with
foreign and international organizations has shown
that their cooperation in 2014 was mainly aimed at
36
Consolidated statutes of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2007,
No. 50-51, page 500.
2
http://fundngo.uz/documents/winners-grants-competition.html
1
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
IIMFCS | 33
improving the capacity of the mass media in covering
issues of family institution development; delivery of
health care to the children from low-income families;
strengthening of interethnic and intercultural relations; improvement of museums activity; promotion
of small business and entrepreneurship.
A
s the results of monitoring showed, the
public funds are involved in the implementation of democratic reforms in the
country, drawing-up and implementation
of fundamental state programs of socioeconomic
development. During the years of 2013-2014, the
representatives of public foundations as a part
of the National Commission took an active part
in the design and implementation of the State
program “Year of well-being and prosperity” and
Year of healthy child”.
The institutional mechanisms of interaction of
state administration authorities with the funds in
solution of the problems of social and economic
development, protection of the rights, freedoms
and interests of different sections of the populaIn the solution of socially valuable tasks,
monitoring of compliance with laws in the
sphere of the protection of human rights
and freedoms, transparency of government activities the most active are such
commissions as:
BB The Commission on the State Prize named
after Zulfiya;
BB The State Commission of the Republic of
Uzbekistan on Drug Control;
BB The Commission on Juvenile Affairs under
the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic
of Uzbekistan;
BB Interdepartmental Council on the coordination of the Governmental Authority
activities in sphere of legal propaganda
and education;
BB National Interdepartmental Commission on counteraction against human
traffic, etc.
tion have been established and function effectively. Such large-scale funds as “Mahalla”, “Nuroniy”,
“Soglom Avlod Uchun”, Fund for Children’s Sports
Development are regularly involved in the activities of the permanent national interdepartmental
commissions (councils, working groups), established in accordance with the decisions of the
President and the Prime Minister of the Republic
of Uzbekistan.
During 2014, public funds implemented a
number of grant projects supported by national
donors that contributed to the implementation
of socially significant activities, and solution of
urgent problems at the local level.
In particular, the Tashkent branch of “Soglom
Avlod Uchun” fund has implemented a grant
project “For healthy childhood” (Soglom bolalikni
taminlaylik), financed by the Public Fund for NNOs
Support under the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of
Uzbekistan, which covered 6 thousand children
within the framework of anthelminthic program.
“Ibn Sino” public fund during 2012–2014 implemented two scientific and practical research
projects (“Promotion of a healthy lifestyle among
children, teenagers and young people” and
“Creation an effective system of prevention the
lack of amino-acids among the population and
introduction of the new sources”).
These projects were financed by the Committee
for Coordination of Science and Technology
under the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of
Uzbekistan. For implementation of two projects,
over 63 million soums were allocated. As part of
the project implementation 52 training workshops were conducted, 9 scientific and 21 popular
papers were published. In general, the overall
coverage was more than 5 thousand persons.
At the same time, the analysis of the monitoring
results shows insufficient level of legal knowledge
and political culture of representatives of public
funds, in particular, the majority of public funds are
not in the practice of the annual public informa-
34 | IIMFCS
tion on the activities of the organization, which is
contrary to the Articles 25 and 19 of the “Law on
public funds”. For example, in the Andijan region
annual reports of 4 out of 50 operating funds were
published in the media, in Jizzakh region — 4 of
13 funds, in the Bukhara region — 1 of 44.
I
n Uzbekistan the special attention is given to
the issues of improving of the social status of
the funds, proper promotion of the activity of
their representatives.
Thus, in 2010–2014, by the Resolution of the Head
of the State of 60 representatives of the public funds
of the country were awarded with state awards. In
particular, nine of them were awarded with “El-Yurt
Hurmati” Order, 8 — with “Dustlik” Order, 5 — with
“Mehnat Shuhrati” Order, 3 — with “Soglom Avlod
Uchun” Order, 1 — with “Fidokorona Hizmatlari
Uchun” Order, 27 — with “Shukhrat” medal and 7 —
with “Sodiq Hizmatlari Uchun” meda1.
http://www.press-service.uz/ru/document/decree/
1
During the elections in 2014, 19 representatives of
public funds were elected as deputies to the regional
Kengashes of people’s deputies, which is a clear
indicator of social recognition of their activity, the
growth of public confidence.
The regularly information distribution of the wide
public about the activities of the funds, including
through the publication of reports in the media will
promote further strengthening the credibility and
trust of citizens, increasing the number of supporters
and partners of the funds.
4. The Mass Media as a Factor
of the Democratization
of the Society
36 | IIMFCS
I
n 2014, the work on improving the legal framework
of reforming the information sphere, ensuring the
freedom of expression and information, increasing
the role of the media in establishing Public Oversight
over the activity of state authorities was continued.
Coming into effect on May 5, 2014 the Law of the
Republic of Uzbekistan on Transparency of Activities of
Government Bodies provides citizens’ and the media
extensive and free access to information related to
government authorities, openness and transparency
of their activity as well as enhance the role of the
media in an open and constructive dialogue between
the state and society was the symbolic event in
ensuring freedom of expression and information.
The Law on Transparency of Activities of
Government Bodies helps to ensure the constitutional right of citizens to information, increasing the
responsibility of government bodies for the quality
of the decisions made.
The law specifies such principles of openness as
publicity of state authorities activities, accessibility
and reliability of submitted information, freedom
of search, receive and distribution of information,
observance the rights and legitimate interests of
citizens and legal entities in this process. Procedures
of informing the public concerning the activities
of state authorities as well as population, public
associations on their decisions, and above all the
decisions that affect the rights, freedoms and interests of citizens were also specified.
A separate article of the law is devoted to questions of the access of media representatives to
information concerning the activities of government
bodies.
It defined terms for consideration of a request for
information concerning the activities of government
bodies — not more than seven days from the date
of its registration.
It should be specially noted that the Law on
Transparency of Activities of Government Bodies was
adopted taking into account the recommendations
and proposals of international and national experts
as well as the results of the legal experiment carried
out on the basis of government bodies of Bukhara
and Samarkand regions on testing standards of this
law draft. As part of a legal experiment involving
deputies of the Legislative Chamber, representatives
of political parties, NNOs, the media, the complex of
measures for the practical working out of the provisions of the law draft, assessment of the effectiveness
of its norms to ensure openness and transparency of
government authorities, extensive access of media,
civil society institutions and the population to information concerning their activities was implemented.
The dynamic development of the Internet area
in the country, the growing number of published
materials in the Internet stipulates the introduction of changes and amendments to the Law of the
Republic of Uzbekistan “On informatization” in 2014.
This law specified the term «blogger» and allocated
the principles of distribution of public information
in the World Wide Web.
Within the framework of the implementation of
objectives specified by the President of the Republic
of Uzbekistan in the Concept of further enhancement of democratic reforms and formation of civil
society, the laws “On economic foundations of mass
media activity” and “On guarantees of state support
of the mass media”, have been developing, it adoption will be an important step in the development
of a civil society.
The legal framework for the media
activities:
The Law on Media (1997, was amended in 2007);
The Law on Guarantees and freedom of access
to information (1997);
The Law on Protection of professional activities
of journalists (1997);
The Law on Principles and Guarantees of
Freedom of Information (2003);
The Law on Transparency of Activities of
Government Bodies;
The Resolution of the President of the Republic
of Uzbekistan on providing the additional
tax benefits and preferences for further
development of the media (2011), etc.
IIMFCS | 37
T
he dynamic growth of the number of media
is observed in the country: as compared
with 1991, the number of media in general
has increased in 3.5 times, the number of
newspapers - in 2.5 times, magazines - in 3.5 times.
As of January 1, 2015, 1,395 media, including 987
print publications (689 newspapers, 283 magazines,
15 bulletins), 100 electronic media (66 TV channels,
34 radio channels) 4 news agencies as well as 304
news websites are registered in the Uzbek Agency
for Press and Information1.
Herewith 63% of the total number of media is
non-government. The country’s media are published
and broadcast in 15 languages of the nations and
nationalities inhabited Uzbekistan. Women, as chief
editors, lead editorial staff of 259 printed publications
(26.2% of the total number of printed publications
of the country).
An important role in identification and coverage
of urgent problems concerned by the public at the
local level, implementation of Public Oversight of
According to the information of the State Register of
mass media of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
government bodies is given to the regional media.
As of January 1, 2015, the largest number of print
media was revealed in the Fergana, Tashkent regions
and Tashkent city.
Dynamics of changes of the number of media
in Uzbekistan in 2009–2014
1395
1254
1292
1326
1372
1218
1
2009
2010
2011
2012
The number of printed media in Uzbekistan by regions
(as of January 1, 2015, pcs.)
Tashkent region
2013
2014
38 | IIMFCS
The ratio of the mass media founded by governmental and non-government organizations
(as of January 1, 2015)
Print media
Electronic media
3,6%
4%
29%
43%
53,4%
67%
Mass media founded by state power
and administration authorities
Mass media founded by non-government organizations
Mass media founded
by non-government organizations
Mass media founded by governmental
and non-government organizations
Mass media founded by governmental
and non-government organizations
Internet media
4,6%
95,4%
Uzbekistan has consistently expanded national
television network. Over the last few years new
broadcast channels were launched: “Dunyo buylab”,
“Madaniat va marifat”, “Oilavy”, “Diyor”, “Cinema”,
“Bolajon”, “Uzreport TV” and others. In the past year,
test broadcasting of new channel “Mening yurtim” –
“MY5” have started. The channel is aimed at formation
of active position of young people in their lives, their
constructive attitude toward reality.
The Resolution of the President of the Republic
of Uzbekistan “On establishment of “Mahalla” educational TV channel and measures for the further
Mass media founded
by non-government organizations
expansion of digital broadcasting” dated December
17, 2014 serves as a guide for large-scale actions
in this direction. The main purpose of the establishment of “Mahalla” educational TV channel is a
broad coverage of Mahalla activities, its role in life
of the society and ongoing democratic reforms in
the country.
The number of Internet resources registered as
the mass media, in the past five years, has increased
in the country by more than 2 times. As of January
1, 2015 the number of Internet outlets was 304 with
290 (95.3%) non-government ones.
IIMFCS | 39
The dynamics of growth in the number of Internet
mass media in Uzbekistan for 2009–2014
304
261
220
150
173
108
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Internet media of the country provide information in Uzbek, Russian, English, French, German and
other languages.
The growth in the number of Internet resources
in the domain “.uz”, specializing in the distribution
of news, directly associated with the increase in the
number of Internet users. According to the Ministry
for Development of Information Technologies and
Communications of the Republic of Uzbekistan,
the number of Internet users in the country has
increased from 1 million in 2007 to 10.2 million
by the end of 20141.
2014
T
he great importance for improving the
effectiveness of the independent mass
media activity, ensuring the transparency
and openness of the reforms to be implemented are grant competitions for mass media,
hold annually by the Public Fund for support of
NGOs of and other civil society institutions under
the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
The number of media participating and winning
in grant competitions hold by the Public Fund is
consistently growing. Thus, whereas in 2012, 37
media won the grant competitions, in 2013 — the
number went up to 62, and in 2014 the number
reached 661.
Tax benefits and preferences provided to the
mass media in accordance with the Resolution of
the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated
December 30, 2011 “On providing the additional tax
benefits and preferences for further develop of the
mass media” contributes to the further strengthen
of the financial stability of the media in the past
year to a considerable extent.
According to the State Tax Committee, the
released amount of money due to tax benefits and
preferences for the print media in 2014 is amounted
to 8.6 billion soums2.
http://fundngo.uz/documents/winners-grants-competition.
html
2
“Jamiyat”newspaper No.8 (436) dated February 27, 2015.
As the results of inquiry of 130 editors of national,
regional, city and regional newspapers showed, the
released amount of money were aimed at strengthening the material and technical base of the edition
offices, improving working conditions for journalists.
In turn, this affected the quality of the materials,
printing and design of the publications.
The amounts of grant funds allocated the Public
Foundation under the Oliy Majlis for supporting
of socially-significant media projects in the
period of 2009–2014 (million sums)
969,94
803,5
507,1
170,7
9,6
2009
1
30,2
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
http://ccitt.uz/ru/press_center/news_committee/1713/
1
40 | IIMFCS
4.4. Infrastructure
O
ne of the main factors of the dynamic
development of the mass media is an effectiveness of the system of professional
journalistic staff training.
Currently, the system of training and skill development of journalists of the Republic includes Uzbek
State University of World Languages, National
University of Uzbekistan named after M. Ulugbek
and Karakalpakstan State University named after
Berdakh, with annually graduates approximately
160 bachelor degree students and 70 master degree
students.
As part of the execution of the Resolutions of the
Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan
“On the improving the system of training and
retraining of journalists” dated February 26, 1999 and
“On the state program for staff training and retraining
in the field of mass media” dated August 7, 2006,
currently the large-scale work aimed at improving
the professional skills of journalists and promotion
of their creative activity is performed in the State.
Organization, consolidating and
supporting the mass media:
Public Fund for support of non-government
non-profit organizations and other civil
society institutions under the Oliy Majlis of the
Republic of Uzbekistan; (www.fundngo.uz);
Public Fund for support and development of
independent print media and information
agencies of Uzbekistan; (www.mmf.uz);
Creative Union of Journalists of Uzbekistan;
(www.]ournalist.uz);
Journalists Retraining Centre;
(www.uzjournal.zn.uz);
The National Association of Electronic Mass
Media; (www.naesmi.uz);
Independent Institute for monitoring the
formation of civil society (www.nimfogo.uz).
Regular support of the mass media and journalists activities perform a number of public institutions, whose activities in the past year was mainly
focused on the arrangement and implementation
of measures to strengthen the capacity of media
institutions and promote the development of the
information sphere.
Enhancement of the role and status of journalists
in the society, rendering of assistance in the protection of their rights and interests is the main goal
of the Creative Union of Journalists of Uzbekistan
established in 2004. In 2014, the Creative Union of
Journalists of Uzbekistan held more than 60 creative
competitions, «round tables», seminars and other
events, which were attended by more than 2,000
journalists. As the significant events of the past year
should also be noted report and election conference
conducted in all regions of the country, during which
the results of activities were considered and priorities
of the Creative Union were identified.
The National Association of Electronic Mass Media,
operating since 2004, currently includes more than
80 independent electronic media of the country,
providing them with comprehensive support. In the
past year, the Association arranged and conducted
more than 40 events (media festivals, workshops,
training seminars, etc.) with the participation of more
than 1,800 representatives of the media sphere.
The activities of the Public Fund for support and
development of independent print media and information agencies of Uzbekistan, established in 2005,
aims to support the development of independent
media, strengthening their material and technical
base and personnel potential. In 2014, the Fund
arranged 120 training seminars, “round tables” and
meetings for journalists of central and regional print
media in which about 2,500 journalists were able
to improve their skills1.
Independent Institute for monitoring the
formation of civil society in 2014 at the national
and regional levels, arranged and carried out more
than 90 events (seminars, trainings, conferences,
“round tables”) with the participation of about 2,500
1
“Narodnoye Slovo” newspaper, No.18 (6171) dated
January 28, 2015.
IIMFCS | 41
persons, aimed at enhancement of the role and
place of mass media in the system of civil society
institutions, enhancement of the role of the mass
media in the implementation of Public Oversight,
growth of capability of Information services of
government bodies, strengthening their interaction
with the mass media and public.
Activities of Journalists Retraining Centre in
the past year was also aimed at arrangement and
conducting of seminars and trainings for journalists:
Out of total 70 events, 50 of them were conducted
in the regions with participation of more than 1,000
journalists.
For effective solution of the problems of enhancement of the role of the mass media in ensuring
freedom of expression and information, implementation of Public Oversight over the activity of state
structures, the further improvement of the work of
these public organizations on development of the
professional skills of the staff of information services
of government authorities at the local level as well
as journalists of regional media is required.
T
he analysis of the monitoring results shows
significantly increased role of the mass media in identification and coverage of urgent
problems exciting the population at the local
level, implementation of Public Oversight of the
government bodies.
The results of the study during 2014 of the
contents of 374 newspapers (154 district, 84 city,
98 regional and 38 national) showed the increase in
the number of informative and analytical materials
in the media containing the objective criticism of
the local authorities of government and economic
management on the solution of urgent problems
of socioeconomic development of regions. Thus,
whereas in 2013 in the domestic media 2,159 the
most important critical and analytical materials were
recorded, in 2014, this indicator was 2,452 articles,
including 1,003 — critical materials in fact.
From the total number of critical materials 21.1%
of the articles cover the activities of government
The number of critical and analytical materials published
in regional print media in 2012–2014, pcs.
660
577
449
546
63
129
2014
2014
2013
2012
I quarter
II quarter
629
627
588
535
144
2013
2012
323
2014
2014
2012
III quarter
2013
2012
IV quarter
2013
42 | IIMFCS
bodies at the local level; 20.3% of the published
articles are critical for public utilities activity, 14% —
health, 13.1% — business and service sector,
12.8% — problems of road traffic, etc.
It should be noted the growth of trust of readers
to the mass media as an effective means of own
opinion expression for some socially relevant problems as a tool of Public Oversight over the activity
of state a uthorities in solution of urgent problems.
In particular, out of 1,003 critical articles published
in the national press during 2014, 205 (20.4%) had
been prepared based on complaints of citizens to
the editorial offices.
It should also be noted that while in 2012 the
representatives of the state authorities in 45% of
cases took certain measures for solution the problems raised in the publications, in 2014, this indicator
increased to 90%.
An important task in the field of media development today is the resolution of issues related to the
improvement of professional training and retraining
of journalists as well as provision of regional media
with qualified journalists.
Cooperation of information services of state
and economic administration with the media
and the public at the local level requires further
strengthen. In this regard, the issues of staffing
of information services of state and economic
administration with qualified personnel shall be
also solved.
Subjects of critical materials published in print media in 2014
Other
6,3%
Public Health
14%
State authorities activities
21,1%
Business and service
13,1%
Public-service
20,3%
Road and transport area
12,8%
Education
12%
IIMFCS | 43
S
ince 2006, the Creative Union of Journalists annually has been holding the International competition for the National Award for Journalism
“Oltin Kalam” (“Golden Pen”). In 2014, some
500 journalists took part in the competition with
their creative works, 13 of them became winners,
all owners of prizes and awards were 27 journalists.
Creative works of 25 authors were considered as
the best by the results of another contest in journalism — “Eng Ulug, Eng Aziz”, in which some 400
journalists took part in the past year.
In the national contest “Yilning eng faol journalisti”
in 2014, about 170 representatives of the media
took part, of which 10 journalists were winners and
15 — holders of incentive prizes.
Public Fund pays special attention to the
promotion of creativity of journalists for support
and development of independent print media and
information agencies of Uzbekistan. Thus, in 2014
in a competition “Etirof”, “Society and I”, “Journalism
is a creative science”, “Human Rights - through the
eyes of a journalist”, held by the Fund the winners
were more than 60 journalists.
In addition, the Centre for development
and introduction of computer and information
technology “UZINFOCOM” and the magazine
“InfoCOM.UZ”, with the support of the State
Committee for Communication, Informatization
and Telecommunication Technologies held
Internet festival of national domain UZ 2014. The
contest “MIT.uz” was arranged within the frame
of the festival, 549 participants were selected
from 800 sites submitting the applications, 36
contestants were awarded prizes in 12 categories1.
It should also be noted, that in the past year,
three representatives of the information sector
were awarded with the title “Honored Journalist of
Uzbekistan.”
http://uza.uz/ru/tech/podvedeny-itogi-internet-festivalya
1
5. The Role of Political Parties
in Democratization of Government
and Administration
46 | IIMFCS
D
uring 2014, the legislation was further
developed in the field of strengthening
the role of political parties in democratization of state power and administration.
In April 2014, the Law of the Republic of
Uzbekistan “On introducing amendments to
certain articles of the Constitution of the Republic
of Uzbekistan (Articles 32, 78, 93, 98, 103 and 117)”.
Amendments to the Article 32 and 78 of the
Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan provide
the arrangement of an integrated system of parliamentary and Public Oversight over the executive
authority. This provision strengthens and guarantees
the principle of democracy, as defined in Article 2
of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Constitutional strengthening of the powers of
the legislative authority to implement parliamentary
control becomes important in the balance of all
branches of state power and intensive growth of
parliamentary control institution.
The Article 93 of the Constitution of the Republic
of Uzbekistan was amended with the norm providing
the dismissal of the Prime Minister by the President
after the adoption of vote of no confidence in relation to him by the Chambers of the Oliy Majlis.
In order to clarify the powers and enhancing the
independence and responsibility of the Cabinet of
Ministers, Article 98 of the Constitution was amended
to clearly define its responsibility for the effective implementation of economic, social and monetary policy.
Given the experience of the developed democratic
countries, the new changes provide the submission of
the program of action of the Cabinet of Ministers for
the near and long-term perspective when approving
the candidate of Prime Minister. The responsibility to
report annually to the Parliament on key issues of social
and economic life of the country is also imposed on
the Cabinet of Ministers.
Amendments introduced into the Fundamental
Law of the country are also strengthen the responsibility of local executive authorities to the representative bodies. In particular, amendments introduced
into Article 103 of the Constitution of the Republic
of Uzbekistan, impose the obligation of reporting
on khokims of regions, districts and cities to the
respective Kengashes of people’s deputies on urgent
The legal framework for the political
parties activities:
The Law on Public Associations (1991);
The Law on Political Parties (1996);
The Law on Elections of Regional, district
and city Kengashes of people’s deputies of
the Republic of Uzbekistan (1997);
The Law on Elections of the Oliy Majlis of the
Republic of Uzbekistan (2003);
The Law on Financing of Political Parties
(2004);
The Constitutional Law on strengthening the
role of political parties in the renewal and
further democratization of state governance
and modernization of the country)” (2007),
and others.
problems of socioeconomic development at the
local level.
As it is known, the basic form of participation
of political parties in the management of state
affairs is elections. It should be noted that the
parliamentary elections in 2014 in comparison
with the elections of 2009 were held in conditions
of improved electoral legislation.
In accordance with the amendments to Article
117 of the Constitution, the Central Election
Commission (CEC) if formed to hold elections into
the Oliy Majlis, the elections of the President of
the Republic of Uzbekistan as well as referendums,
as the basic principles of which independence,
legality, collegiality, openness and fairness are
defined.
CEC operates on a continuous basis and is
guided by the Constitution, laws on elections and
referendums, and other regulatory legal acts. The
procedure for the election of the Chairman and
members of the CEC is also specified in this article.
According to amendments introduced to the
Budget Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the costs
associated with preparation and holding of elections
to the representative authorities of state power, are
covered by state funds. The legislation prohibits
IIMFCS | 47
financing and other material support of candidates
for deputy by other resources. Amendments to the
Law on Elections of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of
Uzbekistan made in 2012 provide ensuring of equal
conditions to the candidates for deputy and political
parties during the election campaign.
The law clearly defines the concept of “election
campaign”, conditions, types, permissible forms
and methods of its holding. It is prohibited to hold
the election campaign accompanied by granting
to voters goods and services (except for information) free either of charge or at reduced prices as
well as any payments in cash.
Therewith, amendments to the Code on
Administrative Liability of the Republic of
Uzbekistan, introduced in September 2014,
provide administrative responsibility for offenses
committed in the course of election campaigning.
D
There are four political parties In Uzbekistan:
the Movement of Entrepreneurs and
Businessmen — Liberal Democratic Party
of Uzbekistan
Information on the changes in the number
of members of political parties
2013
383,9
2012
Democratic Party of Uzbekistan “Milly
Tiklanish”
NDPU
UzLiDep
DP
“Miliy
tiklanish”
106,7
101,5
93,5
176,6
184,1
175,9
Social Democratic Party of Uzbekistan
“Adolat”.
178,3
248,3
2014
160,8
People’s Democratic Party of Uzbekistan
383,9
During the elections of 2014 the political parties
managed to mobilize for work at the constituencies
35 thousand observers and authorized representatives each (32 thousand of observers and 30 thousand of authorized representatives took part in the
2014 elections).
According to the results of the parliamentary elections held in December 2014, the number of members
of the factions of the parties in the Lower Chamber of
Parliament has changed. Liberal Democratic Party of
Uzbekistan retained the leadership in the Legislative
Chamber of Oliy Majlis, received 52 parliamentary seats.
Representation of the Democratic Party “Milly Tiklanish”,
which received 36 seats, is increased noteworthily. The
next largest are the fractions of People’s Democratic
Party of Uzbekistan and the Social Democratic Party
“Adolat” — 27 and 20 deputies respectively.
378,2
uring 2014, there was a steady increase in
the number of members and the primary
party organizations in all four political parties — the Liberal Democratic Party, the
People’s Democratic Party, the Democratic Party “Milly
Tiklanish” and the Social Democratic Party “Adolat”.
Increased human resource capacity of political
parties allowed effectively apply the rights provided
by the law on the arrangement of activities during
the parliamentary elections in 2014.
The political parties nominated candidates from
all 135 constituencies (it total — 540 candidates)
for parliamentary elections. This indicator in the
course of parliamentary elections of 2009 was 517
candidates. At the same time political parties met
the rules of law on the mandatory nomination for
candidates at least 30% women.
SDP
“Adolat”
48 | IIMFCS
In accordance with the legislation of the country, the party newspaper. Despite the participation
15 deputies of the Lower Chamber of Parliament were of the parties in electoral campaign and elecelected from the Ecology Movement of Uzbekistan. tion propaganda, during 2014 the tendency of
Following the elections to the elected bodies held decrease in the circulation of party publications is
in December 2014, parliamentary seats in Jokargy remained. The circulation of all party publications
Kenes of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, regional during the year is decreased in average by 40%.
and Tashkent city Kengash of people’s deputies was This fact indicates that printed publications of
distributed as follows: UzLiDeP — 38.1% of the total political parties have not yet become an effective
number of deputies, People’s Democratic Party of means of propaganda for the program goals and
Uzbekistan — 26.3%, DP “Milly Tiklansh” — 22% objectives of the parties within broad segments
and the Social Democratic Party “Adolat” — 13.4%. of the population, organizer of internal commuAll political parties in the country regularly (not nication of the governing bodies of the rank and
less than once a week) publish and distribute file party members.
The distribution of parliamentary seats in the Legislative Chamber
of Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2015 (pcs.)
Ecology Movement of Uzbekistan
SDP ”Adolat”
NDPU
15
20
27
52
DP
”Milliy Tiklanish”
36
UzLiDep
IIMFCS | 49
The ratio of the number of deputies by party affiliation in Jokargy Kenes of the Republic
of Kazakhstan, regional and Tashkent city Kengashes of people’s deputies
SDP
”Adolat”
13.4%
UzLiDep
13.4%
DP
”Milliy Tiklanish”
22.2%
NDPU
26.3%
The distribution of parliamentary seats in Jokargy Kenes of the Republic of Kazakhstan, regional
and Tashkent city Kengashes of people’s deputies in 2015 (pcs)
8
5
18
18
5
12
6
14
8
8
22
11
17
10
17
5
16
7
15
15
17
15
27
24
20
23
21
15
reg
zm
ore
Kh
a re
gan
19
ion
KP
Tas
D
hke
nt
city
KP
D
PD
gio
nK
nK
gio
gio
hke
nt
re
Tas
a re
ariy
DP ”Milliy
Tiklanish”
Fer
nK
KP
ion
reg
Sur
kha
nd
riya
PD
PD
D
D
ion
reg
ark
Sam
NDPU
Sir
da
and
reg
an
Na
m
KP
D
KP
ion
gio
nK
PD
D
KP
ion
Na
voi
re
reg
rya
hka
da
Kas
UzLiDep
8
15
25
22
20
KP
ion
reg
ion
Jizz
akh
ra r
eg
kha
8
11
12
D
D
KP
KP
ion
Bu
eg
9
7
16
D
KJ
tan
An
dija
nr
pa
sk
aka
l
Kar
14
12
6
12
25
20
19
9
12
12
24
9
21
14
ang
15
8
SDP ”Adolat”
50 | IIMFCS
«XXI asr»
«Uzbekiston
Ovozy»
5 180
«Adolat»
January 2014
3 022
8 351
13 267
8 222
10 480
12 639
12 578
21 183
21 363
Circulation of party publications in 2014 (copies)
«Milliy
tiklanish»
«Golos
Uzbekistana»
December 2014
I
n the past year, a significant proportion of the
budget of political party was formed at the
expense of resources allocated from the state
budget. It should be noted that in the past
year, in addition to the financing of statutory
activities, the resources from the state budget
were allocated to political parties for the elections
to the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
These resources in the budget of UzLiDeP made
up 90.1%, People’s Democratic Party — 65.3%, DP
«Milly Tiklanish» — 91%, Social Democratic Party
«Adolat» — 89.1%.
The rest of the budget of political party was formed
by membership fees. Herewith, the private funds
(membership fees, donations and other proceeds) in
the People’s Democratic Party in 2014 was accounted for
about 35% of the budget of the party, which indicates
that the People’s Democratic Party of the four parties is
the most financially sustainable. The amount of proceeds
from membership fees of UzLiDeP, DC “Milly Tiklanish”
and Social Democratic Party “Adolat” is much less.
“XXI asr” newspaper No, 11 (591) dated March 12, 2015.
“Uzbekiston Ovozi” newspaper No.43 (31.946) dated April 14, 2015.
“Milliy Tiklanish” newspaper No. 15 (336) dated April 15, 2015.
“Adolat” newspaper No. 12-13 (1024) dated March 20, 2015.
1
Volumes and sources of funding
of political parties in 20141
13,1 mlrd
UzLiDep
0,7%
90,1%
9,2%
12,1 mlrd
NDPU
65,3%
24%
10,7%
7,9 mlrd
DP ”Milliy
Tiklanish”
91%
0,8%
8,2%
4,6 mlrd
SDP”Adolat”
State budget funds
89,1%
1,3%
8,6%
Membership fee
Donations and other
revenues
IIMFCS | 51
5.4. Infrastructure
I
n 2014, the activities of partner organizations,
providing information and consultative
assistance to the political parties, have focused
on facilitating the participation of parties in
the elections.
For the purpose of arranging the elections at
a high level, the Central Election Commission
adopted the Program of measures for the preparation and holding of elections to the Oliy Majlis of
the Republic of Uzbekistan, regional, district and
city Kengashes of people’s deputies. Within the
framework of implementation of this program
by the Central Election Commission, the Institute
for Monitoring of Current Legislation and the
Academy of Public Administration under the
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, other
public and non-government organizations
together with the political parties at the national
and regional levels, arranged and carried out more
than 200 different measures.
The Independent Institute for monitoring
of the formation of civil society and its regional
branches on a systematic basis gives support to
political parties; contribute to the further strengthening of multi-party system.
Organizations providing information
and consultative assistance
to the political parties:
Independent Institute for monitoring of the
formation of civil society (www.nimfogo.uz);
Institute for Monitoring of Current Legislation
under the President of the Republic
of Uzbekistan (www.monitoring.uz);
Academy of Public Administration under
the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan
(www.dba.uz) and others.
In 2014, for the purpose of effective preparation
of political parties for the elections, the Institute
separately with each party arranged and conducted
a series of regional seminars-trainings devoted to
the arrangement of the activity of primary party
organizations, party groups in local Kengashes of
people’s deputies. In a total, more than 290 national
and regional conferences, roundtables, seminars and
trainings were conducted.
A
nalysis of the party groups activity in regional representative authorities in 2014
shows a further increase in activity in the
solution of socioeconomic issues, implementation of deputy control over the activities of
executive authorities, initiating the inspections of
law enforcement and other state decisions at the
and local level.
Deputy associations of the parties in regional
representative authorities actively use the practice of
hearing the reports of officials of the situation, decide
socioeconomic issues at the local level, and take part
in the implementation of government programs.
In the past year the number of reports of officials on
the urgent problems of socioeconomic development
at the local level, heard on the initiative of the members
of the party groups in the sessions of Jokargy Kenes of
the Republic of Karakalpakstan, regional and Tashkent
city Kengashes of people’s deputies is significantly
increased: in 2014 — 205, in 2013 — 148.
For the past period, the deputies of each political
party widely used the right of deputy request. Thus,
in 2013, it was sent 1698 deputy’s inquiries, in 2014 —
1598 deputy’s inquiries.
In 2014, the activity of party groups on proposal,
reflecting the program goals and objectives of political parties as well as interests of their permanent
electorate remained stable. The number of proposals
introduced by the party groups to the sessions of
kengashes in 2014 was 97 (in 2013 — 101), in 56
52 | IIMFCS
Number of officials reports hearing initiated
by party groups in the KPD in 2013 and 2014
Using the right for deputy’s inquiries by party
groups in the KPD in 2013 and 2014
2013
2013
2014
115
2014
704
695
76
446
65
23
351
DP ”Milliy
Tiklanish”
404
36
192
13
UzLiDep
356
NDPU
13
148
12
SDPU ”Adolat”
(58%) of these the decisions of corresponding
kengashes were made.
Analysis of the results of monitoring studies indicates the present problems and unused reserves
in the activities of political parties.
In particular, it requires a systematic approach,
the arrangement of work of the party groups in
UzLiDep
DP ”Milliy
Tiklanish”
NDPU
SDPU ”Adolat”
local representative authorities and structural
subdivisions of political parties for identification and
studying of long-term social interests and requires
of permanent electorate the party, socioeconomic
problems exiting the population at the local level,
implementation of its program objectives requires
a systematic approach.
I
n 2014, the intensification of the social and political work of the parties for explanation their
program goals and objectives to the population and potential electorate was noted due
to the preparation of the political parties for the
parliamentary elections and the participation in
the election campaign.
In the course of preparation for the elections
of 2014, there was a further strengthening of the
political identity of the parties. Election program of
each political party reflects the specific proposals
for the solution of urgent social and economic
problems. The active participation of the parties in
the election campaign led to the growth of inter-
party competition, which in turn contributed to the
higher, compared with previous elections, level of
inter-party competition. Pre-election speeches held
by the parties and TV-debates on topical issues of
reforming and modernizing the country were more
meaningful and diverse.
The results of public opinion study suggests the
strengthening the role of political parties in the
political life of the country, in particular, according to
enquiry conducted in 2014 by the Center for Public
Opinion Research “Ijtimoiy Fikr”, more than 70% of
citizens see the differences between the political
parties in their program objectives, problems and
suggested ways of development of the country.
6. Democratic Processes
in the Development
of Self-Governing Bodies
54 | IIMFCS
The Law on the self-governing bodies
(1999, was adopted in new revision in
2013);
The Law on the Election of the Chairman
(aksakal) of civic council and his advisers
(2004, in 2013 was adopted in a new edition);
The Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Support to civil selfgoverning bodies” (1998);
The Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On enhancement of the
role of self-governing bodies in providing
targeted social support of the population”
(1999);
The Decree of the President of the Republic
of Uzbekistan on Additional measures of
incentives for employees of self-governing
bodies (2012)
The Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Creation of training
courses on the improvement the skills of
employees of self-governing bodies (2013);
The Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of
the Republic of Uzbekistan on Improvement
of the procedure for arrangement of the
activities of self-governing bodies (2013);
The Resolution on the measures for further
improvement of the activity of self-governing bodies of the Cabinet of Ministers of the
Republic of Uzbekistan (2013);
The Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers
of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Approval
of the Regulations on the procedure of establishment, consolidation, separation and
abolition of mahallas of the cities, settlements, villages and auls as well as setting
and changing of their boundaries, assigning
names and rename to them” (2014).
I
n the past year, the legislation governing the
activities of self-governing bodies was amended
with significant innovations. A number of legislative acts adopted in 2014 contain the rules
governing, inter alia, the powers and duties of
civic councils.
Thus, the Law on Guardianship and custody
specifies the standards, according to which the
interaction of government bodies at the local level
with self-governing bodies and non-government
non-profit organizations in the area of custody and
guardianship is provided.
The Law on offenses prevention ”specifies
the rights and responsibilities of self-governing
bodies in the prevention of offenses. The Law on
appeals of individuals and legal entities” regulates
relations arising at the appeals of individuals and
legal entities to the state authorities, including
facilities administration, government agencies, selfgoverning bodies as well as authorized bodies in
charge of decisions on appeal.
The Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of
the Republic of Uzbekistan dated March 4, 2014
“On further improvement of public formation
of civic councils (Mahalla posboni)” adopted a
new Regulation, which defines the procedure
for the establishment, scope of activities as
well as the duties and powers of the members
of formation.
The Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of
Uzbekistan adopted a Resolution “On approval of
the Regulations on the procedure of establishment,
consolidation, separation and abolition of mahallas
of the cities, settlements, villages and auls as well as
setting and changing it boundaries, giving names
and rename”. Thereafter, the procedure for establishment of settlements as well as many organizational
issues will be implemented based on the abovementioned Regulation.
The adoption of the Resolution of the President
of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On the creation of
educational TV channel “Mahalla” and measures for
the further expansion of digital TV-broadcasting” has
improved the efficiency of self-governing bodies’
activities, through widespread publicity and promotion of the role models.
IIMFCS | 55
A
s of January 1, 2015, 9,787 civic councils
operate in the country, including 189 —
urban, 1,295 — rural, 157 — aul and 8146
— mahalla civic councils. On average, civic
council covers more than three thousand persons.
As of today, 1,255 women operate as chairwomen of the civic councils, representing 12.8%
of the total number of chairmen.
Most chairmen of civic councils (54.6%) have
higher education, and in some regions the number
of chairmen of civic council with higher education
exceeds the countrywide mean value: in the city of
Tashkent — 77%, the Republic of Karakalpakstan —
77.1%, Kashkadarya region — 72.3%.
Currently, each civic council has established posts
of chairman of civic council, consultant for religious,
spiritual and moral education, executive secretary
and the head of the “Mahalla posboni (Community
guard) social units, which includes about 40 thousand
persons. Moreover, volunteer counselors involved in
the work of self-governing bodies, selected among
reputable and respected inhabitants of civic council,
headed the commission on major activities. Their
number is about 100 thousand persons.
220
984
37
475
31
312
Civic councils in towns
y
ken
t cit
Tash
on
regi
Kho
rezm
Ferg
ana
regi
on
ion
ken
t reg
Tash
on
regi
arya
regi
arya
han
d
Surk
Sird
on
n
egio
nd r
n
egio
Sam
arka
Nam
ang
an r
gion
oi re
Nav
on
hka
da
rya
regi
regi
on
Civic councils in rural area
515
41
300
582
34
272
0
Kas
Jizz
akh
regi
on
hara
Buk
on
regi
ijan
And
815
799
62
86
472
58
343
n
skta
kalp
a
Kara
802
868
30
82
985
100
174
258
The number of self-governing bodies by regions as of January 1, 2015 (pcs.)
56 | IIMFCS
T
he financial basis of the activities of self- The amount of funds allocated by Mahalla”CPF
governing bodies is formed at the expense of “for the development of self-governing bodies
their own funds, local budgets, donations of
in 2012-2014. (billion soums)
legal entities and individuals as well as other
resources stipulated by legislation.
During the 2014, the “Mahalla” fund allocated
2012
11,4
about 15 billion soums for the development of
material and technical base of self-governing bodies.
In 2014, the “Mahalla” fund together with
the Ministry for Development of Information
2013
15,8
Technologies and communications continue to
work on the computerization of civic councils.
As of today, totally about 93% of civic councils
of the Republic are equipped with modern
computers.
14,9
2014
6.4. Infrastructure
C
haritable Public Fund “Mahalla”, founded
in 1992, is the leading non-government
organization, assisting in the strengthening
of self-governing bodies, the effective
implementation of legal powers provided by
the legislation, enhancing their role in the
implementation of Public Oversight.
This fund has the status of executive body
of the National Council for coordination of the
activities of self-governing bodies. In its turn, the
territorial branches of the “Mahalla” fund have
the status of executive bodies of the appropriate
territorial councils for coordination of the activities
of self-governing bodies.
The important role in rendering of assistance to
self-governing bodies on solution the problems
they faced is given to the Training courses on
the improvement the skills of employees of selfgoverning bodies, which were created in 2013
in every region of the country. In 2014 13,983
employees of self-governing bodies, representing
35% of the total number of employees working in
this area have been trained and received certificates of these courses.
IIMFCS | 57
P
rovision of targeted support for socially vulnerable groups of population (social benefits and
financial assistance to low-income families)
in 2014 was one of the main activities of the
self-governing bodies. In particular, in 2014 the total
amount of money, allocated by self-governing bodies for the supporting of socially vulnerable groups
of population, low-income families, is amounted to
1 trillion 142 billion soums (in 2013 — 1 trillion
131 billion soums).
Analysis of activities of self-governing bodies in
solving the social problems gives the evidence of
the positive results achieved.
The practice of using the rights provided for by
the legislation for the performing of social control
by the self-governing bodies is gradually expanding.
In particular, in 2014, the hearings of the reports of
heads of executive authorities of districts and cities
on the matters within the scope of civic councils
were held quarterly. This is an important process
contributing to the strengthening of the social partnership between the executive authorities and civic
councils, raising public awareness of citizens about
the activities of state power authorities as well as
the timely resolution of problems at the local level.
And with it, self-governing bodies took an active
part in the elections to the Legislative Chamber
of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan,
regional, district and city Kengashes of people’s
deputies held in December 2014. More than
10 thousand people from most active members
of civic councils were involved in the work of local
election commissions.
In addition, the right to nominate candidates for
the local Kengashes of people’s deputies granted
by the legislation was effectively implemented: 421
self-governing bodies nominated 433 candidates
for deputy to the local Kengashes of people’s deputies. Therefrom, 115 were elected as deputies of
city and regional Kengashes. Regarding the results
of the elections of 2009, this indicator is 153% (in
2009 it was elected 75 deputies). In addition, the
right to nominate candidates for the local
Kengashes of people’s deputies granted by the
legislation was effectively implemented: 421 selfgoverning bodies nominated 433 candidates for
deputy to the local Kengashes of people’s deputies.
There from, 115 were elected as deputies of city and
regional Kengashes. Regarding the results of the
elections of 2009, this indicator is 153% (in 2009
it was elected 75 deputies).
At the same time, the monitoring results indicate a
presence of problematic issues to be resolved, unused
reserves in the work to assist self-governing bodies in
the implementation of their tasks. In particular, there
are cases of a formal approach to the organization
of work of commissions in key areas created under
self-governing bodies as well as the audit commission.
In some cases, the participation of representatives of
state bodies (tax and financial authorities) stipulated
by legislation in the work of relevant committees
for allocation of benefits and material assistance has
non-systemic, sporadic character.
In connection, therewith arises a need to
arrange the systematic work to improve the level
of professional knowledge self-governing bodies’
employees, provide the necessary methodological
assistance for their activities.
The volume of material support to socially
vulnerable groups of population in 2011–2014
(billion soums)
1185
1185
114
11
4242
42
2
1142
1131
31
3
1
1131
131
1028
1028
2011
2011
2012
2012
2013
2013
2014
2014
58 | IIMFCS
A
ctivities of self- governing bodies’
employees find great support among
the population of the country and has
earned high praise of the government.
During 2010–2013, the various state awards
were awarded to nearly 150 employees of selfgoverning bodies. In 2014, another 27 employees of
self-governing bodies were awarded with honorary
state awards1.
http://uza.uz/oz/documents/si-musta-illigining-yigirmauch-yilligi/id=486255
1
Representatives of self-governing bodies are also
find recognition in the public. In the course of elections held on December 21, 2014, 692 employees
of self-governing bodies were elected to district
and city Kengashes of people’s deputies from
political parties, 29 — to the deputies of regional
Kengashes and 3 — to the Senate of the Oliy Majlis.
This suggests that honorable and respected people
serve self-governing bodies nowadays.
7. High Legal Awareness —
the Foundation
of a Democratic Society
60 | IIMFCS
R
egulatory and legal base of improvement
the legal education of the population consists of the Constitution of the Republic of
Uzbekistan, a number of laws, the National
program for improving the legal culture in the
society, the National program for staff training
and other bylaws.
Currently, the country is implementing the
practical measures on improvement the legislation, aimed at the grows of the legal consciousness, political and legal culture in the society, in
the framework of the Concept of further deepThe Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan
“On petitions of individuals
and legal entities”
(Extracts)
Article 3. The right to petitions
Individuals and legal entities are entitled
to petitions to the state authorities.
The right to petitions is implemented
voluntarily. No one can be forced to
participate in activities in support of a
petition or against it.
....
Article 21. The rights of legal entities
and individuals under considering the
petitions.
Under considering the petitions by the state
authorities, individuals and legal entities
have the right to receive information
on the progress of consideration of
the petition, present arguments and
give explanations in person, review the
materials of petition examination and
the results of its consideration, submit
the additional materials or apply for their
vindication from other authorities, shall
have the right to use barrister.
ening of democratic reforms and formation of
civil society in the country adopted in 2010. In
particular, the Law on petitions of individuals
and legal entities” regulating the relations in the
field of petitions of individuals and legal entities
to the state authorities and public institutions
adopted on December 3, 2014. The law defines
the procedure of reception of individuals and
representatives of legal entities in the state bodies.
A separate chapter of the law is devoted to the
guarantees of the rights of individuals and legal
entities to petitions. The law also regulates the
procedure for filing petitions and their consideration, given the cases in which petitions are left
without consideration.
Growing interest of the population to sociopolitical processes ongoing in the country,
increasing its political activity and civic consciousness stipulate the improvement of the regulatory
and legal base, improving the legal culture in
the society and the creation of targeted comprehensive program of measures aimed at radical
improvement of legal education and enlightenment in the country, propaganda of legal knowledge in the society.
The basic legal acts regulating the issues
of improving the legal culture
of the population:
The Constitution of the Republic
of Uzbekistan (1992);
The Law on Education of the Republic
of Uzbekistan (1997);
The National program for improving
the legal culture in the society (1997);
The National program for staff training
(1997) and others.
IIMFCS | 61
7.2. Legal Education in the Education System
T
he legal education of the young generation
within the education system plays an important role in formation and improvement of
the legal culture of the population.
The Republic of Uzbekistan carries out a consistent
work on legal training and legal education in preschools, secondary schools, academic lyceums,
professional colleges and higher educational
institutions, with constantly improving methods
of implementation of this work. On the basis of
proposals from more than 60 governmental and
public organizations the Concept of the development of jurisprudence in the 2012–2015 is developed and implemented, aimed at arrangement of
methodological work in the field of legal education,
updated forms of legal education and training are
introduced1.
During the implementation of this Concept, the
training programs and plans for students, pupils
of higher and secondary specialized, educational
institutions in the sphere of jurisprudence were
improved. In particular, curricula of professional
colleges on specialties “Legal science” and “Consultant
on economic issues” were studied, modified and
re-approved.
At the same time, work on improving the training
legal literature is implemented. Community of profes The Concept is approved by the Resolution of the Board
of the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Uzbekistan
No.11/12 in 2012.
1
sional authors critically reviewed and published
textbooks in a new edition. “Basics of constitutional
law” and “Basics of State and Law” for pupils of 8–9
classes of secondary schools as well as posters on
the topic: “Basics of constitutional law” for preschool
education.
Textbooks, manuals, compilations of normative
legal acts and other literature on legal subjects
intended for students of higher and secondary
specialized educational institutions corresponding
to modern requirements and current legislation
published annually. Over the past three years, 290
titles of books were published with more than
820 thousand copies (in 2012 — 76 titles of literature with more than 175 thousand copies, in 2013 —
108 titles of literature with more than 303 thousand
copies, in 2014 — 106 titles of literature with more
than 342 thousand copies).
More than 20 textbooks were drafted and
published — “Civil Law”, “Labor Law”, “Environmental
Law”, “Economic (business) law” and others for pupils
of secondary special and professional educational
institutions in the area of law. In addition, the guide
for young people entering into marriage was developed and published, with about 20 thousand copies
as well as a textbook “Human Rights” with more than
25 thousand copies.
62 | IIMFCS
7.3. The system of Training and Skills
Development of Legal Personnel
T
he system of training of highly qualified
legal personnel meets the requirements of
the country’s continuing democratic and
legal reforms and formation of civil society
and the modern international standards was established in the country. Currently, the system of
preparation and training of legal personnel includes
the Tashkent State Law University, Academy of the
Ministry of Internal Affairs, law faculties of higher
educational institutions, specialized colleges as
well as the Lawyers Training Center under the
Ministry of Justice, the Higher education courses
under the General Prosecutor’s Office.
With the purpose of training of legal personnel
(employees of judicial authorities, court, advocacy,
prosecutors, internal affairs as well as legal services
of state power authorities, enterprises, institutions
and establishments, lawyers from the faculty) there
are educational trainings on regular basis.
To further improvement of the system of training
of legal personnel it is expedient to introduce the
new methods and innovative technologies into the
process of training of legal personnel.
Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On the measures for further improvement
of the system of training of legal personnel” No. PP-1990 dated June 28, 2013
(Extract)
The primary tasks and areas of activities of the Tashkent State Law University shall be specified as follows:
BB Retraining and skills development of teachers who teach legal disciplines in secondary special and
professional, as well as higher legal educational institutions of the country, creation the textbooks
and teaching materials for them meeting the modern requirements and standards;
BB Creation of an effective system of spiritual and moral education, improvement the legal, political
culture and consciousness of students, formation and development of their patriotism, high moral
qualities.
7.4. Activities of State Authorities in the
Field of Improving the Legal Education
of the Population
O
ne of the important areas of state authorities’ activities is the work on legal
propaganda and improvement of legal
education and legal awareness of the
population, which has become an important
means of citizens’ education in the spirit of respect
and informed law observance, prevention and
suppression of crime. For this purpose, special
subdivisions on legal propaganda and protection
of human rights was formed within the structure
of a number of law enforcement and other government authorities (such as the Ministry of Justice,
General Prosecutor’s Office, Ministry of Internal
Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan, etc.).
Coordination of the activities of state authorities,
public associations on legal propaganda and educa-
IIMFCS | 63
2012
2013
State authorities
247,3
237,2
278,4
568,1
879,2
925,8
Number of activities organized by NGOs and
governmental bodies in the domain of legal
propaganda and education in 2012–2014
(in thousands)
2014
Public associations
tion aimed at improvement of the legal awareness of
the population, the legal culture and the strengthening of legality in the society is implemented by
the Interagency Council on the coordination of the
work of state authorities on legal propaganda and
education.
In order to improve the efficiency and quality of
measures aimed at improvement the legal culture
of the population, the Interagency Council on the
coordination of the work of state authorities on
legal propaganda and education has prepared the
Methodology of arrangement and holding conferences, seminars, “round tables” by the state authorities and public associations. Also, a plan of measures
for the effective use of modern information and
communication technologies, all types of media
within the activities of bringing the provisions of the
legislation to the public were developed.
According to the abovementioned plan of measures only for the last year, the state authorities and
public organizations conducted more than 1 million
173 thousand of educational events on legal issues.
Quantitative and qualitative analysis of these events
shows the activization of public associations activities and improvement of their interaction with the
state authorities in the field of legal propaganda
and education.
Decree of the President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan “On the measures of further
improvement of the activities of the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Uzbekistan”
No. PP-1602 dated August 23, 2011
(Extract)
The main issues of the Interagency Council on
the coordination of the work of state authorities
on legal propaganda and education are
determined as follow:
BB coordination the work of state authorities,
public associations on legal propaganda
and education aimed at improvement of
the legal awareness of the population, the
legal culture and the strengthening of the
rule of law in the society;
BB development and introducing the suggestions for improvement of the quality of training, retraining and skill development of legal
personnel, as well as increasing the level of
legal knowledge of pupils and students of
educational institutions;
BB adoption of comprehensive measures for the
effective use of media, including print and
electronic media, the modern information
and communication technologies in the implementation of work on legal propaganda
and public education, a broad involvement
of the civil society in this activity of the institutions.
Law enforcement authorities paid special attention to the activities for improvement of the legal
knowledge of the population, bringing to the public
the existing norms of legislation. For example, in
2014 the prosecutor’s offices conducted 127 thousand 751 events aimed at clarifying the provisions
of the laws. The mass media covered more than
22 thousand events, 6,773 of these were broadcasted on television.
Judicial authorities in the past year arranged and
carried out 56 thousand 936 measures aimed at
improvement of the legal culture of citizens.
It should also be noted that the implementation of legal propaganda by internal affairs authori-
64 | IIMFCS
ties, potential of the media is effectively used, in
particular, in 2014, was arranged 26 thousand 821
appearance in the media, with particular attention
paid to clarifying the provisions of the Constitution,
laws and other legal acts in the area of protection
of human rights, particularly the rights of women,
minors, entrepreneurs as well as crime prevention.
Media pays an important role in the improvement of the legal education. The most popular legal
sources of information are TV, printed and online
media. Currently, five magazines and 40 newspapers specializing in legal issues are published in
the country. At the same time, operates an Internet
portal “Lex.uz” - a national information database
of regulatory and legal acts of the Republic of
Uzbekistan. This database, which includes about
26 thousand legal documents in Uzbek and Russian
languages, are daily visited by 2,500 to 3,000 users.
No less important is the role of printed publications of law enforcement in coverage of innovations
in the legislation, commenting and explaining to the
readers the essence and significance of the adopted
of legal acts and drafts of legislation.
Analysis of the content of newspapers of legal
profile “Kuch – adolatda”, “Huquq”, “Inson va qonun”
and “Postda” in 2014 showed that the abovementioned printed publications are carried out fairly
active work in covering the most important sociopolitical events in the country and overseas, inform
readers about new developments in the legislation, socially relevant legal acts, commenting and
explaining their essence and meaning, inform on the
implementation of government programs, thereby
assisting the improvement of the legal culture of
the population.
Meanwhile, the monitoring results indicate
the presence of unused reserves in the activities
of printed publications of legal profile. So, in the
content of publications prevail the articles of information and news character, while critical materials
and publications on the outcome of journalistic
investigations is not enough.
The development of electronic versions of functioning publications legal profile contributes to the
further expansion of the readers’ audience.
Number of events arranged by state authorities and public organizations
in the field of legal propaganda and education in 2012–2014 (thousand pcs.)
Provisions of the Constitution - 1584
Laws in business - 1 750
The essence and significance
of ongoing democratic reform - 2 714
The fight against terrorism
and religious extremism - 3 300
Human rights - 10 919
The provisions of the various
legal acts - 36 024
IIMFCS | 65
7.5. The Role of Civil Society Institutions
in the Formation of the Legal Culture
of the Population
T
he special attention shall be given to the activity
of the civil society institutions, in particular,
of non-government non-profit organizations,
public associations, political parties, mass
media, self-governing bodies in formation and
improvement of the legal culture of the population.
Non-government non-profit organizations
represent the interests of different social groups
and the broad segments of the population; take
an important place in improvement of the legal
awareness and knowledge of the population on
the norms of national legislation and mechanisms
of their rights protection.
Women’s Committee of Uzbekistan is implementing a number of measures for improvement
women’s knowledge and skills in various areas
of public life, in particular, preparation of young
people for family life, employment of women,
assist them in business establishment. In addition,
special attention is given to work on legal propaganda and spiritual enlightenment of women. So,
if in 2012 151 thousand 296 events were carried
out in the indicated area, in 2013 — 178 thousand
510 events, and in 2014 their number was 199
thousand 601.
Federation of Consumer Protection conducted
educational activities aimed at the improvement
of the consumer culture of the population, the
extensive explanation of the rules and provisions of the existing legislation on consumer
right protection. In 2014, the Federation held
more than 4,460 “round tables”, 1,407 training
workshops, arranged over 4,880 appearances
in the media, including 2,750 —
on radio and
television, 1,835 materials containing legal
information published in the printed media,
294 — Internet sites.
In 2014, “Kamolot” arranged around 9 thousand events of political and legal nature. Events
mainly were intended to clarify the provisions of
the Constitution, the rights of young voters, labor
and business law.
The Chamber of Commerce and Industry
of the Republic of Uzbekistan is active in the
field of information application and provision of advisory services to business entities,
arrangement of publications in this area.
Thus, in 2014, CCI arranged more than 1,500
seminars in order to clarify the foundations
and principles of economic activity, 124
international and 230 national conferences
and 230 “round tables”. In addition, the media
have published more than 3,200 information
materials, including 918 in the print media,
268 — in the Internet as well as 2,315 performances on television and radio.
7.6. Legal Awareness of Citizens
on the Legislation
T
he most effective method of identifying
the real picture of the state of the legal
culture in the society in general and the
legal culture of different segments of the
population is a sociological research of the problems of legal culture, public opinion on the law,
legal awareness of citizens.
In 2014, the IIMFCS continued to study the level
of legal awareness and legal culture of the population, its legal knowledge.
Analysis of the results of research points to the
continued trend of upward the level of political,
legal, cultural and civic consciousness of the population, its social activity. Thus, from 1,400 of the
66 | IIMFCS
pollees, 85% noted the need of law observance,
while 56% indicated, “laws are made for the people
and in behalf of the people, serve for improvement
of their quality of life”. According to the opinion of
29% of respondents, “laws are made in order to
ensure fulfillment of the most important principles
of building a rule-of-law state, and the directions
of its development and program objectives”.
At the same time, public confidence in the law
enforcement and judicial authorities is increasing,
which in turn is an indicator of the effectiveness of
their activities. For example, 66% of respondents said
that, if necessary, in order to protect their right they
appeal to the prosecutor’s office and the internal affair
authorities, another 33% to the judiciary authorities.
The results of a sociological poll conducted
among entrepreneurs indicate a growing level of
awareness of entrepreneurs on the most important
laws and other legal acts regulating their activities.
In particular, of the 369 respondents 66% demonstrated knowledge of current legislation in the
field of entrepreneurship and business; Decrees
of President and government resolutions aimed at
further creation of favorable conditions for development of small business and private entrepreneurship are mentioned separately.
7.7. Civic Engagement of the Population
A
ccording to the results of monitoring studies
conducted by the Institute in the past
year, indicators of people’s participation
in socio-political, socioeconomic and
cultural life of the country demonstrate steady
growth, which in its turn indicates the increase of
civic engagement of the population.
There is also increasing interest of citizens to
the social and political events, taking place in the
country. In particular, 88% of the 1,400 respondents said that they consistently demonstrate an
interest in politics, are actively involved in the
political process, and have some knowledge in
this area; 55% of respondents believe that every
citizen with an active position shall be aware
of ongoing socio-political events; 17% believe
it is their civic duty; 11% associate the interest
in politics with the character of his professional
activity; 5% — considered the active participation in social movements and political parties as
necessary, and others.
Thus, the answers of 78% of respondents indicate
their informed participation in the country’s ongoing
public and political processes, in particular, in the
election.
The results of the conducted studies are reflected
in practice. Thus, during the election propaganda at
the meetings with candidates for deputy more than
4 million voters were involved, that is the evidence
in favor of the high level of their political and legal
culture, and civic engagement, and contributed to
the selection of a worthy candidate.
According to the information of CEC from 20
million 789 thousand 572 citizens included in
the lists of voters in the country, 18 million 490
thousand 245 persons took part in the elections,
voters turnout was 88.9%1. For comparison, in the
elections of 2009, this indicator was 87.8% of the
total electorate2.
During the election campaign of 2014, the growth
of the social and political participation of women was
observed. For example, women accounted for 34%
of the total number of candidates nominated from
People’s Democratic Party of Uzbekistan, 33% of candidates from UzLiDeP, 31% — from DP “Milly Tiklanish”
and 30% from the Social Democratic Party “Adolat”3.
Following the elections of 2014 in the Legislative
Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan,
the highest number of women were elected from
UzLiDeP, representing 20% of the total number of
deputies of the party, 19% — People’s Democratic Party
of Uzbekistan, 17% — DP “Milly Tiklanish”, 10% — Social
Democratic Party “Adolat”, 7% — Ecology Movement
Resolution of the Central Election Commission of the
epublic of Uzbekistan “On the registration of deputies of the
R
Legislative Chamber of Oliy Majlis of the Republic Uzbekistan” —
Newspaper “Narodnoye Slovo” dated December 26, 2014.
2
Foreign observers on the elections to the Legislative
Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, regional, district and city Kengashes of people’s deputies. — T .:
IPTD “Uzbekistan”, 2010 — page 9.
3
Resolution of the Central Election Commission of the
Republic of Uzbekistan “On the registration of candidates for
deputies of the Legislative Chamber of Oliy Majlis of U
zbekistan”
dated November 15, 2014 No. 634.www.elections.uz
1
IIMFCS | 67
81968
91833
97362
111353
115900
115502
127198
123198
The number of members of political parties
under the age of 30 in 2011–2014
36380
40850
42823
38866
59017
88971
87826
89044
of Uzbekistan. In the Senate of Oliy Majlis of Uzbekistan,
the number of women is 17%.
It is of notice, the growing number of women
entrepreneurs: whereas in 2011 61.7 thousand
women were involved in sole proprietorship, in
2013 — this number equaled 67.7 thousand women,
with further growth in 2014 to 68.9 thousand.
In addition, an increase in socio-political activity
of youth is observed. The number of members of
political parties under the age of 30 were increased
from 295.7 thousand in 2011 to 386.6 thousand
in 2014, which is the evidence of the growing
level of involvement of young people into political
processes. As of 1 January 2015, an average of 41%
of the total number of members of political parties
is under the age of 30.
The traditional and most widespread forms of
representation of social activity of citizens nationwide are hashars - voluntary actions of citizens, hold
twice a year, on the eve of the national holiday
Navruz and Independence Day. Every year khashars
involves millions of people, streets and residential
areas are improved and vegetated during Khashars,
assistance to poor families, lonely, elderly and vulnerable people is provided.
UzLiDeP
2011
NDPU
2012
DP “Milliy
Tiklanish”
2013
SDP
“Adolat”
2014
7.8. The Ability of Citizens to Defend their
Rights
A
wareness of citizens on the existing legal
mechanisms for their rights protection
as well as their ability and willingness
to defend them within the framework
of existing legislation is an important part of the
legal education of the society.
The right to appeal is one of the effective ways
of protection the rights of citizens and effective
means of preventing violations of their legitimate
rights and interests. Thus, the appeals are the form
of Public Oversight over the activity of state bodies
and their officials.
In the past year, the Institute continued the study
of the statistics of citizens’ appeal to protect their
rights to the state and public authorities. According
to monitoring results, opportunities for citizens to
exercise their right to appeal has expanded considerably, due to launch in 2013 the Single portal of
interactive government services (EPIGU) available
in the Internet at my.gov.uz
Today EPIGU gives citizens the opportunity to
appeal to more than 600 authorities of the state
and economic administration. On a single portal, a
centralized system for processing applications of citizens is implemented, allowing to trace all incoming
appeals of citizens, and to control the quality of their
performance.
During 2014, over 97 thousand appeals were sent
to the state authorities by users through EPIGU, 67%
(about 65 thousand) of which have been fulfilled and
the appropriate answers were given. 33% (about 32
thousand) are under consideration. Of the total, amount
of appeals about 50 thousand (52%) - from legal entities, more than 47 thousand (48%) - from individuals.
Also “Call-centers” of the Single portal of interactive government services (accessible by a short
68 | IIMFCS
number “1060” and «8-800-200-1818”) are very effective, via which applicants can submit their applications, complaints and suggestions to state bodies of
the country. In 2014, more than 7,350 appeals were
received and sent through “Call-center” operators.
Studying the statistics of appeals of the citizens to
protect their rights in the state and public authorities
in 2014 is also evidenced of the continued upward
trend in both quantitative and qualitative indicators.
In the past year, prosecutor’s offices received
168 thousand 216 appeals from citizens, herewith
80 thousand 676 (48%) of appeals were resolved,
15 thousand. 224 thousand (19%) complaint were
satisfied.
377 thousand 969 applications, complaints and
proposals were received by internal affairs authorities
in 2014, while in 2013 their number was 356 thousand 791. As a result of consideration, 193 thousand
394 appeals were satisfied, 16 thousand 194 were
clarified, and 14 thousand 602 were not considered, as the facts indicated therein have not been
confirmed. In addition, 66 thousand 786 receptions
of citizens were arranged, including 61 thousand
667 — directly by the Minister of Internal Affairs of
the Republic of Karakalpakstan, by heads of regional
and Tashkent city internal affairs authorities and by
other officials.
During 2014 the Commissioner of the Oliy Majlis
for Human Rights (Ombudsman) received 11 thousand 858 appeals from citizens, of which 7 thousand
938 petitions and complaints — to the central office,
893 appeals — to his regional representatives,
822 — through telephone hotlines1.
The study of subjects of appeals received by the
Ombudsman for consideration shows that 4 thousand 454 appeals were related to the protection
of citizens’ personal rights, and more than 3 thousand — of social and economic rights that was
relevant and in the previous years.
The Women’s Committee of Uzbekistan in 2014
received 885 written appeals and 167 oral appeals
(through visits), of which 99 through EPIGU. Most
of the appeals were related to the socioeconomic
rights of women, in particular, requests for legal
assistance (199 appeals), the issues on the housing
(112), family (127), social problems (99) as well as
complaints for the officials’ actions (126).
In the past year, the Federation of Consumer
Protection considered 6 thousand 850 appeals
The number of appeals to the Commissioner
of the Oliy Majlis for Human Rights
(Ombudsman) received in 2011–2014 (pcs)
2011
2012
11 238
12 826
2013
11 733
2014
11 858
(4,975 written and 1,875 oral), of which 98% are
solved positively (more than 94% were solved the
federation itself, about 4% — by regulatory and
law-enforcement authorities).
In addition to the legal culture, the level of
ecological culture of citizens is increased, that is
evidenced by the current practice of citizens’ appeal
to the Ecological Movement of Uzbekistan (EMU)
and its territorial divisions. In 2014, through EMU
“hot line” 416 appeals of citizens were received
concerning the violations of legislation in the fields
of environmental protection and rational use of
natural resources. In reviewing of appeals received,
the Ecological Movement of officially made 294
appeals to state and non-government organizations, on 278 violations the appropriate decisions
were made.
In general, monitoring results indicate the
increasing activity of citizens to defend their rights
under within the frame of existing legislation.
Herewith, along with state and law enforcement
authorities, the role of public organizations in the
protection of rights and legitimate interests of citizens is strengthened.
IIMFCS | 69
Conclusions
T
oday we confidently can state that as a
result of the implementation of targets the
effective system of state administration that
provides stability and security, conditions
for sustainable development have created in the
country. A developed system of civil institutions
is established; legal framework formed for their
independent, free development. The socially oriented market economy is established and rapidly
developing, being the basis and precondition
for further enhancement of social and political
reforms. However, most importantly — for the
last period has considerably increased the level
of social consciousness, political and legal culture
of citizens, their social and political activity — the
major components of civil society.
The subsequent implementation of the provisions of the Concept of further strengthening of
democratic reforms and formation of civil society in
the country will enhance the social, socioeconomic
activities of NNOs and other civil society institutions, strengthening their role and importance in
the implementation of reforms aimed at democratic renewal and modernization of the country,
consistent, phased implementation of the principle
“From the strengthen state - to the strengthen civil
society”. However, in order to implement the ideas
embodied in the Concept, it seems appropriate to
implement the following set of measures for the
further development of civil society in the country.
1 It is remains as urgent, the issue of participation of civil society institutions in the formation
and expression of public opinion and social
consciousness. Adoption and implementation
of complex of measures for the development
of the media market, the market of consulting
services, improvement the working conditions
of public opinion research services, the creative
competition of ideas, programs and projects in
this area will allow to raise to a qualitatively new
level of work in this direction.
2.In view of the further liberalization of the mass
media, increasing the number of non-state
print media, radio, television, Internet, the issue
of their entering and taking the worthy place
in the global information space is actualized.
The most important tasks in this direction is
the implementation of system measures on
the further introduction in information area the
market mechanisms, improvement of the professional level of journalists, the mastery of modern
technologies of preparation and dissemination
of information products.
To execute the urgent tasks of the media, the
focus of government agencies should be further
strengthening of material and technical base of
mass media, material and moral incentives in
charge of their employees.
З. In order to improve the efficiency of the implemented projects in the framework of social partnership, it is brewing the issue of arrangement
the dialogue of state authorities with civil institutions for determination of the targets in sphere
of public and state construction, occupying of its
niche in the system of decision-making, promote
the interests of those layers and structures of
society, they present. At the same time, it seems
appropriate to establish a mutually interested
cooperation of the parliament, local kengashes
of people’s deputies with civil society institutions
for the arrangement of Public Oversight over the
activity of state and government structures.
4. The most important priority is the activization
of actions for further enhancement of the legal
awareness of citizens, the strengthening of democratic values in the minds of people, formation,
education of the public understanding of the
exceptional role of civil society institutions in the
system of state and social construction, democratic, progressive development of the country.
Different level of the legal culture, features of
social status, political orientation of the various
segments of the population require the changes
in methods of action, and the emphasis in the
programs of promotion of legal knowledge.
5. Further expansion of mahalla functions, ensuring
its close interaction with the government bodies
for the protection of rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of citizens, turning the mahalla
as the center of targeted social support of the
population, the development of private entrepreneurship and family businesses as well as a
harmonious inscribing it in a system of Public
Oversight over the activity of government
authorities is another priority of the activity on
civil society development.
6. Significant changes in the constitutional law on
political parties and the change of their role in
70 | IIMFCS
political system require specification of the functions of the party system in the identification,
formulation and satisfaction the interests of large
social groups, implementation of communication citizens and society with the state bodies,
development and political decision-making.
The implementation of the abovementioned
priorities for the development of civil society
institutions will be the important factor of the
democratic renewal of the country, its consistent
movement from the “strong state to strong civil
society”.
IIMFCS | 71
Glossary
CHARITABLE PUBLIC FUND “MAHALLA” — was
founded in 1992, is the leading non-government
organization, assisting in the strengthening of selfgoverning bodies, supports them in the implementation of Public Oversight over the government bodies,
provides methodical and practical support for their
activities.
Allocation of government grants is performed
through the Public Fund under the Oliy Majlis as well
as public funds for the support of non-government
non-profit organizations and other civil society
institutions under Jokargy Kenes of the Republic of
Karakalpakstan, Kengashes of people’s deputies of
regions and Tashkent city. Non-government nonprofit organizations and other civil society instituBLOGGER – an individual who places public infor- tions, which have submitted the projects, aimed to
mation of socio-political, socioeconomic and other achievement social goals are entitled to participate
nature, including for its discussion by the users of in grant competitions.
the information on his/her website and (or) page
on the World Wide Web.
STATE SOCIAL ORDER — is a state task to
perform work or event for the implementation
NATIONWIDE HASHARS — form of community/ of social and socially significant projects by
volunteer work of citizens widespread in Uzbekistan concluding the contract between a government
from time immemorial
authority and non-government non-profit organization or other civil society institutions. Provision
GENERAL AGREEMENT — is concluded between of state social orders is carried out through the
the Council of the Federation of Trade Unions Public Fund under the Oliy Majlis, or public funds
of Uzbekistan (other representative bodies of for support of NNOs and other civil society instiemployees), national associations of employers, and tutions under Jokargy Kenes of the Republic of
on the proposal of the parties and the Government of Karakalpakstan, Kengashes of people’s deputies
the Republic of Uzbekistan. The General Agreement of regions and Tashkent city.
prescribes the general principles of a coordinated
economic and social policy.
DEPUTY’S INQUIRY – a deputy is entitled to send
a deputy inquiry to the officials of the government
GOVERNMENT SUBSIDY — financial or other bodies, located in the relevant territory, with the
material assistance not connected with the specific requirement to give a reasoned explanation, or to
projects provided from the State Budget of the state its position on the matters within their compeRepublic of Uzbekistan, state special funds for tence.
supporting of non-government non-profit organizations and other civil society institutions engaged in
DOMAIN «UZ» — top-level domain, which
social and public significant activities. Government expresses the country code of the Republic of
subsidies are used solely to carry out the statutory Uzbekistan, managed and coordinated by specially
objectives and tasks of non-government non-profit authorized organization and being under the jurisorganizations and other civil society institutions, diction of the Republic of Uzbekistan, including
strengthen the material and technical base and domain names of subsequent levels.
social goals achievement.
THE TITLE OF “HONORED JOURNALIST” OF
GOVERNMENT GRANT — money and material UZBEKISTAN — Republic of Uzbekistan’s honorary
resources provided by the State Budget of the title awarded to journalists of editorial offices of
Republic of Uzbekistan as well as resources of public newspapers and magazines, television and radio,
funds to non-government non-profit organizations news agencies, workers publishing houses and other
and other civil society institutions under their appli- entities having the great merits in the development
cations on a competitive basis for implementation of press, the most distinguished in the creative and
of the projects designed to achieve social goals. organizational activity.
72 | IIMFCS
INSTITUTIONS OF CIVIL SOCIETY — self-governing
bodies (mahalla), parties, movements, trade unions,
associations and funds, non-government non-profit
organizations (NNOs) — form the basis of civil
society, determine its contents. They are designed to
promote the growth of civil activity, national identity,
political culture and high spirituality of the members
of society, cultivate their sense of self-worth, independent thinking, yearning to realize their potential,
to build their future with their own hands.
PUBLIC ASSOCIATION — the voluntary formation
arising as a result of free will of citizens united for
the joint implementation of their rights, freedoms
and legitimate interests in the sphere of politics,
economy, social development, science, culture,
ecology and other areas of life. Political parties,
mass movements, trade unions, women, youth
and children’s organizations, veterans and invalids, scientific, technical, cultural and educational,
physical culture and sports and other voluntary
societies, creative unions, communities, associations
INTERNET MASS MEDIA (INTERNET EDITION) — and other associations of citizens are recognized
a website that performs the function of the media in as public associations.
the Internet. Along with printed publication, Interned
editions guided by the principles of journalism.
PUBLIC FUND — non-membership non-government non-profit organization established by legal
SOURCES OF FINANCING of political parties are: entities and (or) individuals on the basis of voluntary
PP admission and membership fees, if the payment property contributions, tracking charitable, social,
is provided by the charter of a political party;
cultural, educational or other socially useful purposes.
PP incomes derived from entrepreneurial activities
in accordance with the legislation;
SELF-GOVERNING BODIES — gatherings of
PP the resources of the State Budget of the Republic citizens of settlements, villages and auls as well as
of Uzbekistan, allocated in accordance with the mahallas of cities, settlements, villages and auls. Selflegislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan;
governing bodies are not included in the system of
PP Donations of legal entities and citizens of the state power authorities and carry out power provided
Republic of Uzbekistan, carried out in accordance them by the legislation within the relevant territory.
with the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Self-governing bodies of citizens enjoy the rights of
a legal entity, have the seal of a standard form and
KENGASHES OF PEOPLE’S DEPUTIES — repre- shall be registered in the state power authorities in
sentative bodies in the regions, districts and cities the manner prescribed by the Cabinet of Ministers
(except cities of regional subordination as well as of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
the districts being a part of a city).
PARTY GROUP — an association of deputies
COLLECTIVE AGREEMENT — a regulation containing created by deputies from a political party, in order
the obligation to specify the conditions of labor, employ- to express the interests of the party in Jokargy Kenes
ment and social guarantees for employees of a certain of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, Kengashes of
profession, industry, territory. Collective agreements and people’s deputies and duly registered. Party groups
contracts are concluded in order to facilitate the contrac- in Jokargy Kenes of the Republic of Karakalpakstan,
tual regulation of labor relations and coordination of Kengashes of people’s deputies of regions, Tashkent
socioeconomic interests of employees and employers. city and the cities (regional centers) are formed
provided that they include at least five depuCOLLECTIVE CONTRACT — a regulation governing ties elected in Jokargy Kenes of the Republic of
the labor, socioeconomic and professional relationships Karakalpakstan or Kengash of people’s deputies of
between employers and employees at the enterprise. the respective political party.
PP PREFERENCES (LAT. PRAEFERENTIA —
NON-GOVERNMENT NON-PROFIT ORGANIZA
PREFERENCE) privileges, benefits provided to
TION — a self-governing organization established on
individual states, enterprises, institutions to
a voluntary basis by individuals and (or) legal entities
support specific activities; take the form of tax
not pursuing recovery of income (profit) as the main
cuts, rebates of customs duties, exemption from
purpose of its activity and does not distributing
payment, granting of favorable loans. The preferincome (profit) between its participants (members).
ences are granted by the state and are targeted.
IIMFCS | 73
TRADE UNION — is a voluntary public organization uniting working people bound by common
interests according to its kind of activity in both the
manufacturing and non-manufacturing sectors for
the protection of labor and socioeconomic rights
and interests of its members.
and other decisions affecting the rights and legal
interests of citizens. Subjects of social partnership
are government authorities, non-government
non-profit organizations and other civil society
institutions.
COMMUNITY COUNCIL — represents the interSELF-GOVERNANCE OF THE CITIZENS — inde- ests of the population and takes decisions on its
pendent activity of citizens on solution of local behalf, acting within its respective territory. The
problems based on their interests, historical features community councils involved persons who have
of the development as well as national and spiritual reached eighteen years of age and permanently
values, local customs and traditions guaranteed by the reside in this territory. The bodies of civic council are
Constitution and laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Kengash of self-governing bodies, commissions on
the basic directions of activity of civic council, audit
SESSION — the main form of operation of the commission.
regional, district, city Kengash of people’s deputies.
Sessions of regional, district, city Kengash of people’s
STAFF MEMBERS OF COMMUNITY COUNCILS —
deputies are called by corresponding khokim at least Chairman of the community councils, an adviser on
twice a year. The session may also be called on the religious, spiritual and moral issues, the executive
initiative of not less than two thirds of deputies of secretary and head of the “Mahalla posbon” social
corresponding Kengash of people’s deputies.
formation.
SOCIAL PARTNERSHIP — interaction of state
authorities with non-government non-profit
organizations and other civil society institutions
in the development and implementation of socioeconomic development of the country, including
industrial, regional programs as well as legal acts
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL — the system of
state and public measures aimed at the prevention,
detection and suppression of violations of legislation
in the field of environmental protection and rational
use of natural resources, enhancement of efficiency
of environmental activity.
For notes
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Independent Institute on Monitoring the Formation of Civil Society
DEVELOPMENT OF CIVIL SOCIETY IN UZBEKISTAN
REPORT – 2014
Editor: D. Sureev
License: AI №263 31.12.2014. Sign to print ХХ.ХХ.2015
Format 70х100 1/8. Offset printing. Fonts Myriad Pro
C.P.Sh. 9,5.
Editions: ХХХ
Editing house «Baktria press»
15/25, Tashkent city
Tel/fax: + 998 (71) 233-23-84
Printed in Mega Basim
ISBN ISBN 978-9943-4566-8-6
1-а, Bunyodkor square,
Tashkent, Uzbekistan, 100027
Tel.: (998 71) 2306235
Fax: (998 71) 2457739
Web site: www.nimfogo.uz
IIMFCS 2015

nimfo

Transcription

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