Volvo 7900 Plug-in Hybrid

Buses and Coaches
Future trends
Prof. Edward
Jobson
Environmental Director
Green house gases
Global green house gases
Stern Report
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
Transport sector
Environmental Load in Use Phase
http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=MEMO/07/594
k€ 270
Particulates
NOx
CO2
Energy
k€ 235
Volvo 7900
Diesel
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
3
Euro VI
k€ 225
k€ 148
Volvo 7900
Biogas
Volvo 7900 Hybrid
City traffic
80
Intercity traffic
1.4L
40
<2L
250-750 cc
125-250 cc
2L
60
20
0
Regional traffic
>2L
250-750 cc
125-250 cc
Energy use per person
(g eq petrol / passenger km)
Energy use, person transports
French fleet study by ADEME
BRT* Tram Metro MC Bus Cars Volvo Bus Light Region Cars MC Volvo Coach Intercity High Car
trains speed
9700*
rail trains
7700*
trains
Hybrid
Source: ADEME, http://www2.ademe.fr/servlet/getDoc?cid=96&m=3&id=51911&p1=00&p2=12&ref=17597
* Volvo data on BRT and hybrid performance related to respective traffic conditions
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
Air
Using Biomass
Making and using biogas or electricity?
l
Biomass
y wil to Biogas as
g
r
e
en
ar the bus
efor
is energy
y
h
t
e
t
n
o
ha
gt
0s
n
bu
i
s
m
a
u
g
s
As
e bio
n
o
e
driv
Biomass
20
40
60
80
100
100
The
ele
to Electricity
fuBiomass
lly el ctricity wi
ectric forll the
as energy
buse drivebus
5
s on80
0
20
40
60
e ye100
ar
100
Biomass
Biogas production η 69 %
Produktion η 69 %
60%
%
El production η 40
Making vehicle quality η 90 %
Distribution η 95 %
Cooling to LNG η 92 %
Conversion AC-DC η 95 %
Distribution η 95 %
Battery η 90 %
ICE efficiency η 16 %
Energy to wheel
9
220 % mo
Conversion DC-AC η 95 %
re energy
El propulsion η 92 %
Energy to wheel
Volvo Buses
32
29
29
Why Electro mobility?
The main driver for electro mobility is “Energy Efficiency”
Linked to energy efficiency is:
ü 
ü 
ü 
ü 
Low to no tailpipe emissions
Low interior and exterior noise
Low CO2 emissions
Low LCC
Drive distance with same available energy
Diesel 10 Km 48 kWh
Hybrid 14.2 km
* Technical limitations
-Range
-Charge Frequency
-Charging time
Plug-in Hybrid 25 km
Full electric (Normal bus) 34 km
Full electric (Light bus) 44 km
Volvo Buses
*
*
The path towards Green Efficiency
I
II
III
City Bus Market
Hybrid
Diesel
Hybrid
Plug-in
Fully electric
2010
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
Future
I
II
Hybrid Bus: Saves 30-40% fuel, no infra structure required
Plug-in Hybrid a: No infrastructure,10 km full electric range
Plug-in Hybrid b: Charge infrastructure, full electric option
III
Electric Bus: Charging at end stop, cost optimised city bus
IV
Electric Bus: Dynamic charging à potential to 100% of market
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
8
Plug-in bus without infrastructure
-minimising local emission impact
II
Shopping
Residential area
Old town
Bus stop
Lake side
City zone
Emission free
Low noise
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
Charging infrastructure
-minimising cost
Bus stop with charging
Bus stop without charging
City zone
Emission free
Low noise
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
Charging infrastructure
-minimising emissions
Bus stop with charging
Bus stop without charging
Zero zone
Emission free
Low noise
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
Low floor
Volvo Buses European
Complete Electromobility Range
Volvo 7900 Plug-in Hybrid
2010 Volvo 7700
2012 Volvo 7900
Hybrid
Hybrid
IV
Volvo 7900 Hybrid Articulated
Volvo Fully electric low floor
Low entry
Volvo 8900 Hybrid
Low entry and articulated
Coach
I
Volvo 9700 Hybrid
II
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
III
7700 Diesel
25%
35%
37%
Fuel consumption decrease
7700 Hybrid
Field test
39%
60%
7700
7900
Hybrid
7900
launch Hybrid
Light Hybrid 7900
weight Electric Upgrade
door
Electric
Comp. 7900
AC
Plug-in
Hybrid
Project start
75%
7900
New
Electric
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
No reason to wait, the 7900 Hybrid is the
quantum leap we all have been waiting for
No emissions at
the bus stop
-off
e
k
a
t
t
n
e
l
Si
Highest availability,
highest reliability
The productivity (VLP) is increased by
8.3% (21% when environmental load is
included)
14
I
37% lower fuel
consumption
8% high
er capa
city, 8%
th
o
b
s
ving
a
s
h
Hig
in
d
n
a
in city ting
u
comm
50% lower
hazardous
emissions
l e ss b u
se s
Diesel
Hybrid
7700 Diesel: 8.5 l/h
7700 Hybrid: 9.6 l/h
7700 Hybrid: 6.0 l/h
Saving: 4.1 l/h
Saving: 2.5 l/h
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
7700 Diesel: 13.7 l/h
II
Volvo 7900 Plug-in Hybrid
March 2013 Field test
Beyond Euro VI Serial Production
Tram
Data
Trolley
10-20 km Electric range
5-10 min Charging time
Plug-in from all infrastructure
Energy use 30-40% of diesel
Induction
Slide-in
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
III
Electric buses
Volvo joint venture Sunwin 500 bus fleet of different technologies
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
Optimised public transports
-Daily travel
School bus
Fully electric
Feeder
Hybrid bus
+ plug-in
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
BRT
Hybrid bus
Down town
Hybrid bus
+ plug-in
Fully electric
Train
Express bus
+bio fuel
Critical time ~60 minutes
15-30 km/h Bike
30-90 km/h Bus
40-250 km/h Train
-600 km/h Air
Electromobility – Future & Trends
•  Sharing infra structure
•  Preferred for highway
•  Trucks, cars and coaches
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
•  Lowest cost more than 400 vehicles per day
IV
in
iesel
D
r
e
lit
MW
140
= 17
s
e
t
MWh
u
n
4
i
.
1
m
5
se l =
r Die
e
t
i
l
140
Slide In
Plug In
Conventional
Continuous Charging Illustrated
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
240 km = 140 liter Diesel (90 liter if Hybrid)
240 km = 0.5 MWh electricity (= 5…10 ton battery)
24 charges @ 100 kW for 12 minutes = 0.5 MWh
300…400 kg battery needed
Continuous charge @ 40 kW for 12 hours
<100 kg battery needed
Electromobility impact on city planing
-New degree of freedom
Indoor
Silent
Outdoor
Separate
lanes
Clean
Any street
Safe
Free
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
21
Trafic
Management
Feeder
Command
High capacity
Centre
Events
On demand
Door to door
Hybrid orders Europe
6
62
Market with delivered buses
15
Ordered buses per market
8
27
315
1
398 Volvo Hybrid
Buses on order
12
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
Edward Jobson
22 June 2011
1
38
20
258 Volvo Hybrid
Buses in service
44
41
3
1
What is new?
•  Batteries: Low weight low cost
•  Power electronics
•  Electrified components
–  Motors, generators, power
steering, AC, doors, fans,
pumps,...
•  Smart power grids
–  Wind, wave and solar
•  Light weight buses
•  Real time information system
23
Sustainability is not sufficient
-Energy efficiency is required
24
Summary
•  Volvo is today the only supplier of the new generation of hybrid
and electric buses.
Parallel technolgies will stay for a long time:
•  Hybrids are now rapidly implemented all over the world
•  Electric buses are available in China, North America and South
America, European versions planed for 2016
•  Plug-in hybrids are launched in Europe 2013
•  Electric highways and streets will gradually take over.
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
25
Inspiering City Planing
http://www.ted.com/talks/en/eduardo_paes_the_4_commandments_of_cities.html
http://www.ted.com/talks/en/jaime_lerner_sings_of_the_city.html
Volvo Bus News
http://volvobusenvironmentblog.worldpress.com
http://youtube.com/VolvoBus
26
Back-up slides for discussion
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
Department, Name, Document name, Security Class
28 10.09.13Date
•  Future technology parallel development
–  Hybrid bus + Plug-in hybrids
–  Biodiesel
–  Fully electrical buses
•  Drivers
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
Global warming / Climate change
Noise
Energy efficiency
Environmental impact
Sustainable energy sources
Green jobs
Synergies with cars and trucks
Total Cost of Ownership
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
Litreper
peracceleration
accelerationtillXXkm/h
Liter
km/h
Fuel consumption
-required to reach speed…
Breaking from 64 km/h
= 10x breaking from 20 km/h
1.200
1.000
0.800
Empty bus 12 tonnes
0.600
0.400
0.200
0.000
0
20
40
60
Speed
Hastighetkm/h
km/h
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
Full bus 18 tonnes
Tom buss 12 ton
Full buss 18 ton
80
100
120