Shared Trials

60 cents | MICA (P) 035/10/2009
3 September 2010
NTUC
Foodfare
At The YOG
p8
“
The day my
Government
behaves like
the Singapore
Government, that is
the day my union will
behave like the NTUC”.
An Asian unionist
A Trust Built On
Shared Trials
T
By Marcus Lin
he headliners were obvious - policy tweaks
concerning housing, immigration, foreign
workers, transport, education and rewards
for National Servicemen. All of which spell big
money, money only made possible by a healthy
economy underpinned by healthy tripartism and, of
course, productivity.
As such, in his National Day Rally speech on 29
August 2010, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong first and
foremost dwelt on the health of these crucial factors.
Singapore pulled through the recent economic crisis
with flying colours because “everyone contributed - the
unions, the workers, the employers and the Government,”
but there are lessons to be learnt “because despite all our
preparations and precautions, sometime, somewhere,
something will happen again and there will be future crises
and we should be ready for them.”
PM Lee said the effectiveness of Singapore’s tripartism
was clearly demonstrated at the International Labour
Conference in Geneva in June when NTUC was invited to
share how Singapore coped with the downturn and quickly
rebounded. The Jobs Credit scheme, Skills Programme
for Upgrading and Resilience (SPUR) and the Resilience
Package cooked up a storm there.
“The delegates wanted to know, first, how did we
pay for it without having to borrow money and, secondly,
how did we build the trust and confidence amongst all the
key parties - the unions, the employers, the Government.
And, in fact, these two questions point to the root of our
advantage and competitiveness.
“First of all, we built up reserves for a rainy day. So
when the rain came, we could fund our programmes,
SPUR and so on, drawing on these reserves with the
President’s permission but without needing to borrow.
“Unlike the Europeans,
Americans and
Japanese, all of which
have run up huge
deficits, continue to run
big deficits and now face
very serious problems.
“Secondly, we built
up our trust over a long
period through many
shared trials and each
time there was a crisis
we worked together
and we became more
confident in each other.”
That way, PM Lee
said workers willingly
made the necessary
sacrifices in a crisis
“because they were confident that the employers would play
their part, and both sides were confident and trusted the
Government to do the right thing and to take measures which
would work.”
He added that NTUC is often asked to explain to other
countries why and how the Singapore way works “because
other people can see how our system works, they want to
understand it, they may be able to understand it, but then they
want to be able to do it and that’s not so easy.”
He gave as an example how NTUC once invited an Asian
delegation to explain how things are done here: “At the end
of the visit, the unionist told NTUC: “The day my Government
behaves like the Singapore Government, that is the day my
union will behave like the NTUC”.
See Page 4
UWEEI’s GS To Pass Baton In Two Years
U
By Naseema Banu Maideen
nited Workers of Electronic and
Electrical Industries (UWEEI) has
constantly identified and groomed new
and promising young leaders to ensure
leadership renewal runs well in the
union. One such important moment was marked at
UWEEI’s third General Convention of Delegates on
27 August 2010 when UWEEI General Secretary
Cyrille Tan announced his plans to step down midway in his new four-year term.
Mr Tan, who is also NTUC Vice-President, has
served UWEEI for 26 years as President and GS
and is now looking towards passing the leadership baton to a promising candidate
Mr Tan Richard. UWEEI’s GCD also witnessed 16 newly-elected members into the
UWEEI Executive Council for the next four-year term from 2010 to 2014. Mr Tan, 60,
will continue to provide guidance and advice to the union as he will gradually pass
the baton to current union General Treasurer Tan Richard in two years’ time.
“
Leadership renewal has always been
close to our hearts at UWEEI and we
have been constantly on the lookout for a
potential successor to take on my position.
Having served 20 years as General Secretary
and six years as President in UWEEI, I have
walked through journeys of thick and thin with
our members. Now, the time has come for me
to step aside mid-way into the new term and I
am comforted that we have selected the most
suitable candidate, Tan Richard, to take on the
helm.”
Cyrille Tan, UWEEI General Secretary and NTUC VicePresident
See Page 3
2
workingfor
• voiceforu
Making Room
To Gr
For Everyone
ow
“
we stop people from coming
here. For the economy to grow,
we must nurture and accept
talents locally and abroad.
Being inclusive poses
challenges. Foreign and local
workers can miscommunicate.
Cultural differences can lead to
misunderstandings. Fortunately,
mostly good sense and goodwill
According to a Gallup poll released on 20 August 2010,
our population would triple if we allowed everyone who
wants to move here to do so!”
W
Jessie Yeo
NTUC Competency Director (Industrial Relations Mentoring)
hen I asked my little son
which song he liked from his
Nursery class’s National Day
celebrations, he sang: “This is
my family, this is my home….
this is my country, this is my flag.” Asked why,
he said: “Singapore is where I belong and the
song talks about my family and friends!”
It struck a chord with him. Family is the
basic unit of a society and family and friends
make us feel inclusive. Here are two interesting
stories.
A Singaporean mother wants her
Singapore-born son raised in Germany to
return. Although her German-speaking son
knows little English, she believes Singapore
is better because of family and more
opportunities for him.
A Chinese machinist who arrived 17 years
ago is today a Singaporean in a supervisory
k
Bottlenercs
Breake
role. His China-born daughter
grew up here. Recently, when
the National Anthem of China
A Chinese national waitress.
was played over television,
prevails.
he asked her to sing but she said she is more
Employers like PSA organise spoken
familiar with Singapore’s National Anthem.
English
courses to equip foreigners and
Any regret? No. He is glad he brought her
Singaporeans
find ways to understand foreign
to Singapore because he too believes he can
co-workers.
Local
and foreign festivals are also
build a better home for the family and his next
good
opportunities
to interact.
generation.
My
union
leaders
convinced a Chinese
Why did both choose Singapore?
co-worker who’s a Singapore citizen to
Our economic growth, educational
become a union official to better serve Chinese
system and social fabric are some
members. With concerted efforts, there is
reasons. More importantly, we are an better integration with local and foreign workers
inclusive growth society, embracing
becoming friends.
people from different backgrounds.
Eventually, some foreign workers become
Continuing efforts to educate local and
citizens and build their homes here with their
accept foreign talents keep our “engine of
family. An inclusive society allows Singaporeans
growth” working hard. That’s why many want to
and “new Singaporeans” to build a future for
move here. According to a Gallup poll released
the next generation. After all, home is where
on 20 August 2010, our population would triple
families and friends are.
if we allowed everyone who wants to move here
Let’s do our part to live the Singapore
to do so!
dream and build a better home for our future
While we cannot allow that, neither should
generations with an inclusive society.
Easy On Workers
And Workload
Place:
Singapore Post Limited
Bottleneck Found:
Mail pieces were sorted into mail bags with
fixed and immovable sorting frames. When
the mail bags were full, workers had to lift
them out of the metal frames and transfer
them to the next point of the mail process.
It was taxing on the workers and the mail
bags did not last long since they were often
dragged, instead of carried, to the next
station.
Bottleneck Broken:
To ease the heavy lifting and dragging,
SingPost introduced the Easy Trolley or ET,
a new sorting frame that comprised of letter
trays within a wheeled frame. Mail items are
sorted and arranged on the trays before
stacking on the trolleys.
The items are sorted in a single direction with
the addresses facing up to reduce sorting
errors. As a result, the average time taken to sort
the mail items was reduced. As the ET is easy to
push, it cuts down the time spent on transferring
mail items and workers no longer need to lift and
drag the mail bags. It also reduces the risk of
damaging the mail pieces as the mail items are
arranged in trays.
Outcomes
:
The projected savings from this project comes
close to $580,000 in equivalent man hours
per annum and it made work stations more
organised. For achieving productivity gains and
improving mail sorting processes, SingPost
received the May Day CBF Model Partnership
Award 2010 in the Institutional Category.
“
What is especially noteworthy in SingPost’s achievement is the fact
that they have not made their employees part of the opportunity cost
of raising work productivity. In this particular instance, the innovation of the
Easy Trolley did not require that jobs be removed to conserve costs. In fact,
all employees preserved their jobs and simultaneously had their working
environments improved. I think SingPost is an exemplary employer and should
be held up as an example to all.”
Logarajah s/o JK Sabapathy, Union of Telecoms Employees of Singapore General Secretary
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totalproductivity • workingfor
From Page 1
Shaping
3
The Future
By
Naseema Banu Maideen
W
hile it was a time to reflect and
rejoice on the achievements and
progress made over the past
four years, it was also a time to
rethink challenges that lie ahead
for United Workers of Electronic and Electrical
Industries at its third General Convention of
Delegates on 27 August 2010.
Deputy Prime Minister and UWEEI Council
of Advisors Chairman Teo Chee Hean who was
Guest-of-Honour at the event held at NTUC
Auditorium said electronics will be a key engine
in propelling growth in the manufacturing sector.
Said DPM Teo: “Electronics will continue
to be a key contributor to the manufacturing
sector in Singapore. Recently, the Economic
Strategies Committee recommended that
Singapore retains a globally competitive
manufacturing sector with contributions
amounting to between 20 and 25 per cent of
the economy. This means that Singapore must
evolve from being an efficient support base for
companies and transport itself into an essential
hub that offers higher value-added activities.
We need to help companies to move beyond
production and towards the creation of new
products and value.”
He was addressing
about 500 delegates,
observers and tripartite
partners who attended
the conference themed,
‘Shaping The Future
With A Cheaper Better
Faster Economy’.
He lauded UWEEI
milestones in various
aspects such as managing the downturn
tactfully, enhancing the employability of its
workers, breaking the 53,000 membership
mark to secure a membership base of
53,628, forging strategic partnerships with
its management partners as well as looking
after the welfare of its low-income members.
At the same time, DPM Teo also highlighted
that the union should be prepared to
embrace challenges ahead.
UWEEI President Francis Lim thanked
members of the UWEEI Council of Advisors
who are stepping down, namely, Mr Heng
Chee How, Mr Goh Chee Wee and Mr Oscar
Olivero as well as five Executive Council
members who have left the union due to
retrenchments.
“
There will be new challenges
that will lie ahead for us. Our
strong tripartism will ensure that our
businesses remain competitive and we
can continue to achieve inclusive growth.
The Economic Development Board has
also identified four new growth areas
for the electronics industry. They are
green electronics, bioelectronics, plastic
electronics and security. These new
growth areas are expected to contribute
30 per cent of Total Electronics output
by 2020. It is therefore crucial that the
union continues to reach out to these
new sectors of the electronics industry
to organise our workers, and ensure that
members embrace life-long learning and
are employable in these new sectors.”
Teo Chee Hean, Deputy Prime Minister and
UWEEI Council of Advisors Chairman
UWEEI Executive Council
For Term 2010-2014
Valuing Partnerships
Also at UWEEI’s third General Convention
of Delegates, the union duly recognised
the contributions and support of five
management partners with the UWEEI
Strategic Partnership Awards. These five
companies - Carrier Transicold Private
Limited, Panasonic Electronics Devices
Singapore Private Limited, Philips Electronics
Singapore Private Limited, Toshiba TEC
Singapore Private Limited and United Test
and Assembly Center Limited - had displayed
dedicated commitment and leadership in
working closely to support the union in
championing its cause for workers.
“
UWEEI gave out the Strategic Partnership
Awards to five of our management partners
for the second time this year. These five partners
have in their own significant ways contributed
to workers’ welfare and gave strong support
to the union in its drive in promoting training,
employability and membership. With our collective
efforts, we have demonstrated the true spirit of the
hallmark of tripartism in Singapore. We hope these
outstanding companies will serve as exemplary
models for other employers to work hand-inhand with the Labour Movement in shaping up a
sustainable future for our workers.”
Halimah Yacob, NTUC Deputy Secretary-General and UWEEI
Executive Secretary
President
Lim Pan Hong Francis
General Secretary
Tan Soo Leng Cyrille ( Till 2012 )
Tan Richard (from 2012)
General Treasurer
Tan Richard ( till 2012)
Vice President
Fahmi Abu Baker
First Assistant General Secretary
Yusope Soeratin
Second Assistant General Secretary
Peh Hwee Been
Assistant General Treasurer
Oon Geok Hoon Patsy
Executive Secretary
Halimah Yacob
Deputy Executive Secretary
Ong Keau
Council Members
Chia Cheng Kiow Catherine
Goh Hoon Tien
Hamzah Mohd Nor
Lee Seh Kiat Jason
Lim Ka Hock
Ng Hai Leng
Phang Jek Twoon David
Ramanathan s/o Doraisamy
Tan Lye Huat
Tan Cher Lim
Chan Kum Tong
Internal Auditors
Fong Kwai Ying Diana
Wang Mui Sin
4
workingfor
nationaldayrally2010 • workingfor
• nationaldayrally2010
5
Education
From Page 1
Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong’s National Day Rally speech on
29 August 2010 touched on several topics and had something for
everyone. Here are some responses.
By Naseema Banu Maideen, Muneerah Bee Mohamed Iqbal, Nicolette Yeo and Vanessa Teo
Pictures by Alvin Toh and Loo Huei Hong
Zainudin Nordin, NTUC Alignment Director (Care and Share) and Central
Singapore District Mayor
Productivity
“
“
Education
already has
the second largest
budget behind
defence and to
have the Prime
Minister reinforce
the importance of
education during
the National Day
Rally suggests to me that the Government is putting even
more resources, especially because education is a social
leveller. It is through education that we achieve social
mobility, so I find the fact that he has chosen to focus on this
among three or four topics is something very reassuring for
the Government Parliamentary Committees.”
I think the best welfare we can
give to everyone is to create a full
employment situation and give everyone
a job. The reassuring point is that we have
all agreed to go in one direction; that is to
raise productivity for better jobs and better
pay. For this Rally, PM already said that he
is focusing on four key issues. There are,
of course, some other issues that we are
all concerned about and I hope they will address this in
subsequent platforms.”
Yeo Guat Kwang, NTUC Alignment Director (All Nationalities, Quality
Worklife)
“
The construction and
hospitality sectors both
employ large numbers of foreigners.
The foreigners and locals work
alongside one another, and depend
on one another to achieve the output
and outcomes for their companies.
In many instances, they become
good friends as well. For these two
sectors to thrive into the future, both
integration and productivity must be emphasised. It is a
goal that employers, workers and unions must together
score.”
Heng Chee How, NTUC Deputy Secretary-General
“
Although we are now in an
improving economy, workers
must still improve themselves
because there are still many
opportunities and with new training
and skills, these opportunities can
be seized.”
“
Josephine Teo, NTUC Assistant Secretary-General and Government
Parliamentary Committee Chair for Education
“
We should be proud that the Labour
Movement has been showcased in this
year’s National Day Rally. Productivity is the
only way out and up for Singapore’s economy.
Our companies are also supportive when it
comes to improving productivity. It may take
time for workers to understand the actual
intention of it. It is actually not about headcount. It is more
about company’s performance and ideally it is something
that both union and management have to work together
towards.”
Nachiappan RK Sinniah, Union of Power and Gas Employees General
Secretary
As an education worker, I am
always gratified and gain a
sense of renewed purpose when
there is an increased spending on
education. Especially so when the
spending is of an inclusive nature
to help each child with different
interests, academic inclinations
and aptitudes to achieve his or her
potential.”
Edwin Lye, Singapore Teachers’ Union General Secretary on Education
“
It is the right time to pursue productivity.
The Prime Minister has laid out quite a
lot of things regarding to productivity. We as
a Labour Movement fully support this and we
will encourage our members and management
partners to do the Cheaper Better Faster way.
In our industries, we have a few companies
who have started productivity initiatives and it won’t be long
before we see results.”
Tan Chai Kun, Metal Industries Workers’ Union General Secretary
Foreign Workers
“
…the assurance from
the Prime Minister
is indeed very timely,
that whatever happens
we will keep the call to
keep Singaporeans first,
giving them priority. But
at the same time, we must
embrace foreigners because only when they are willing to
come here and work, and work together with Singaporeans,
can we benefit. The message is very balanced but it will
need some time for us to sink through and understand it,
and separate ourselves from the emotions and look at this
objectively.”
Yaacob Ibrahim, Minister for the Environment and Water Resources and
Minister-in-charge of Muslim Affairs
“
Foreign workers come and go;
they contribute to our economy
and they go. Foreign immigrants are here
to stay; not only the first generation but
the second generation in the schools.
On the ground, I’ve met some second
generation immigrants, and they are
as good as our Singaporean children.
They say ‘lah’ and ‘lor’, and they enjoy
the same kind of games, same kind of
lifestyle. So it takes time. For the first generation, we know
they have different lifestyles, different habits but for the
second generation, they are here to stay.”
Seng Han Thong, NTUC Assistant Secretary-General
Youth Olympic Games
“
YOG reflects that there is a lot of
possibility in Singapore and in
Singaporeans. That Singaporeans will not be
limited by the size of the country because we
can achieve very big dreams, and hosting YOG
is one way of showing it. But going beyond
organising the Games, we look at the fighting spirit of the
athletes - they all worked very hard. We were only expecting
one medal, maximum three, but they got seven for us. It is no
mean feat and it is world class, and they fought very hard.”
Teo Ser Luck, Senior Parliamentary Secretary, Ministry of Community
Development, Youth and Sports & Ministry of Transport. He is also an
Advisor to Changi International Airport Services Employees’ Union.
7
SUBE Mourns Loss Of K M Unnithan
V
eteran unionist and
one-time President
of the Singapore
Industrial Labour
Organisation (SILO) K
M Unnithan passed away on 14
August 2010 aged 78. He leaves
behind his wife Nirmala and two
children, Mano and Manish.
Mr Unnithan dedicated
almost his entire work life to the
Labour Movement and served as
the Senior Organising Secretary
for the Singapore Union of
Broadcasting Employees the past
15 years.
SUBE General Secretary
Erat Vinodan expressed deepest
condolences on behalf of SUBE
to Mr Unnithan’s family and said
he was an asset to SUBE who gave valuable
advice on industrial relations issues: “Although
he had a wealth of experience, he unselfishly
shared his knowledge with our Executive
Committee members.
“I had the privilege of receiving valuable
guidance from this humble man. His sharp eye
for details allowed him to solve problems with
ease. He was honest and very meticulous in
his work and was also responsible for the daily
operations of our Union Office.”
Associates of Mr Unnithan recall fond
memories of the man and his dedication to the
Labour Movement.
NTUC Deputy Secretary-General Halimah
Yacob said: “I knew Mr Unnithan from the SILO
days when he used to consult me on legal
matters as President of the union. In those
years, industrial relations in the manufacturing
sector were a lot more contentious and leaders
like Mr Unnithan helped to bring about stability.
“He was also forward looking and
supported the restructuring of SILO into several
industrial unions as he could see that it would
benefit the workers. Mr Unnithan
was a very humble man who was
very passionate about the Labour
Movement.
“He was also a loving husband
and father who cared deeply for his
family. I am glad that Mr Unnithan
could continue to contribute to the
Labour Movement until he passed
on. My heartfelt condolences to his
wife and two sons.”
Mr Ong Yen Her, Ministry of
Manpower Divisional Director,
Labour Relations & Workplaces
Division, also goes back a long
way with Mr Unnithan: “I worked
closely with Mr Unnithan from 1980
to 1984 when I was the NTUC
Secretary for Industrial Relations
overseeing industrial relations matters of 10
Industrial Unions formed after the restructuring
of SILO and the Pioneer Industries Employees'
Union (PIEU).
“Mr Unnithan, who was the former President
of SILO, was a highly committed and dedicated
grassroot union leader who always had the
interest of workers' at heart. He was rational,
understanding and capable of helping union
leaders and workers to prevent and resolve
industrial disputes and also worked closely with
the management to achieve win-win outcomes.”
8
workingfor
• totalproductivity
By Marcus Lin
Pictures by Vincent Nghai
T
he action at the just concluded YOG was not just confined
to the sports. There was also a lot of action going on in the
kitchens to feed the thousands of sports boys and girls, officials,
volunteers and performers who were involved.
NTUC Foodfare Co-operative Limited was one of the key
caterers tasked with preparing meals for performers and volunteers
involved in the YOG opening and closing ceremonies. The mind-boggling logistics and statistics involved were very much
like a military operation carried out to ensure a smooth operation in
catering the meals, and with the highest standard of food safety and
consumer satisfaction.
Approximately 100 key full-time qualified Foodfare staff, excluding
support departments such as purchasing, worked from three Foodfare
kitchen facilities. The total meals whipped up for the rehearsals, opening
and closing ceremonies amounted to approximately 150,000 meals
covering dinners and night snacks.
Excluding the night snacks, all in all approximately
7,367 kilograms of rice, 7,047 kilograms of meat, 8,763
kilograms of processed meat and 4,298 kilograms of
vegetables were needed for the halal dinners. For the
vegetarian dinners, 179 kilograms of rice, 157 kilograms of
mock meat and 110 kilograms of vegetables were needed.
How long will that last you?
“
It is both an honour and
privilege to be part of this
exciting event that Singapore
is hosting. I am glad that NTUC
Foodfare can contribute to
the success of this event as an
appointed caterer doing what we
do best.”
NTUC Foodfare Chief Executive Officer
Perry Ong
Foodfare
Scores At
The YOG
In his National Day Rally speech on 29 August
2010, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong said the
inaugural Youth Olympic Games (YOG) held in
Singapore from 14-26 August 2010 “shows what
Singapore is about - aim high, prepare well, work
together and deliver results.”
Hailing it as an example of the Singa­pore
spirit, PM Lee said “it is the competence and
the quiet pride and discipline that makes sure
things go right like when we hosted the YOG, the
confidence that we will prevail come what may.”
He added that “the organising committee, staff,
the volunteers, the teachers and students all did
a magnificent job.”
Altogether, some 5,000 athletes and officials
from 204 National Olympic Committees,
1,750 media representatives, 20,000 local and
international volunteers and 320,000 spectators
were part of the 26 sports at the YOG. Singa­pore
won two silver and five bronze medals.
totalproductivity • workingfor
“
Ensuring food safety was of utmost
importance in our minds. We took
it in our stride as we are confident that
our processes and stringent checks as a
HACCP and ISO company had laid the
necessary foundations. We just had to
bring it up a notch.”
NTUC Foodfare Senior Manager (Health, Science
and Environment) Florence Kwok
Key Challenges
“
It was very apparent
from the start that
teamwork and co-ordination
was going to be very essential
to the success of this project.
I am glad that we had an
incredible and dedicated team
that followed through and lent
their support to ensure things
went smoothly as the logistics
and planning to carry out this
event is massive.”
• Work started months in advance for the
menu and purchasing planning, logistics
and manpower mobilisation.
• Foodfare had to be ready for any change in
requests.
• To ensure utmost safety, Foodfare had to
ensure that the time taken to pack, deliver
and consume the meals must be within
four hours. As such, packing an average of
8,000 meals must not take more than two
hours.
• On top of all the packed meals and night
snacks, Foodfare also provided 7,000
fasting packs for Muslims consisting of
honey dates, Milo, biscuits, cookies and
chocolate roll.
Key requirements
• Meals had to have a calorie count of at
least 800, and with green packaging
catering for general taste palates for all
taste buds.
• Ingredients known to cause allergy such as
peanuts, coconut and milk were avoided.
• There was a different halal and vegetarian
menu each time.
NTUC Foodfare Executive Chef
Christopher Lim
What They Say:
“Dinner was good
and portion was just
nice for us.”
“One of the best of all.”
Jillain Lim
“Improvement shown in
food quality and standard.”
“Food is satisfying.”
Toh Geok Yam
Ying Li
Terence
9
workingfor •• totalproductivity
totalproductivity
10 workingfor
I
Productivity!
Emergency,
Please Make Way For
By Vanessa Teo
t may be the newest hospital in town,
but it is definitely not new in the area of
productivity. To share some of its good
practices in its productivity drive, Khoo
Teck Puat Hospital (KTPH) hosted NTUC
Secretary-General Lim Swee Say along with
some 60 union leaders at a Learning Journey on
24 August 2010. With better productivity levels,
patients and customers alike can look forward
to enhanced customer experiences across the
hospital.
Systems Productivity
In line with the Toyota Production system focus
on continuous improvement or ‘Kaizen’, hospital
staff regularly examine workflows to streamline
processes for the benefit and convenience of
the patients. KTPH also practices lean quality
management by removing non-value added
activities through the ‘5S’: Sort, Set in order,
Shine, Standardise and Sustain.
NTUC Secretary-General Lim Swee Say (third from right) together
with other delegates visiting the NTUC Foodfare food court at the
hospital.
“
Our definition of hassle free is
to try to see it from a patient’s
perspective, and look at what they
need going through the hospital for
specific type of care… We try to look at
the patient flow throughout the whole
journey, and see how do we make it as
smooth as possible.”
Liak Teng Lit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital Chief
Executive Officer
Customer Productivity
KTPH provides a one-stop pharmacy within
the Day Care Surgery Centre and the Acute
Care and Emergency Centre. This eliminates
the need for patients to queue separately for
their prescriptions at the main pharmacy, which
improved workflow and resulted in a shorter
turnaround time for patients.
To minimise patient’s movement around the
hospital, clinics and associated health services
are also logically clustered. For instance, an
orthopaedic patient can easily access x-ray
services within the clinic rather than queueing up
at the Radiology Lab again.
Employee Productivity
To increase the productivity of doctors, nurses
and patients, Advanced Practice Nurses are
deployed in clinics to take on some of the
functions performed by doctors. This enables
APNs to apply their advanced training and skills
in a clinical setting, while freeing doctors to focus
on more complicated cases.
KTPH’s Environment Service Associates are
also empowered with better tools through use
of high-technology equipment and professional
training courses, thus increasing productivity.
Besides doing housekeeping duties, the ESA are
also responsible for infection control.
“
The management has brought
up many different projects
in relation to productivity, lean
management and ‘kaizen’, and the
various aspects of productivity have
been incubated and implemented
in this hospital. I believe one of the
key success factors is the close
partnership with the staff as well as
with the union HSEU… We have seen
many successes in this hospital, and
this hospital being the newest in
town, and having many aspects that
are very pro-patient centric really
helps in enhancing the efficiency
and effectiveness of healthcare in
Singapore.””
Patrick Tay, Healthcare Services Employees’
Union Deputy Executive Secretary
U can get more!
An Exclusive Member Privileges
New CA Shows Strong
UPAGE-Management Ties
Assistants. Likewise, Technical Officers
‘A’ can move up to become Senior
Technical Officers and higher.”
The new CA also removed the 10
trong and successful Labourper cent pay cut when a worker reaches
Management Relations is one of the
60 years old. With a refinement of Rekey pillars of the Labour Movement.
employment Policy,
The Union of Power
workers can work till 65
and Gas Employees
UPAGE has always
and beyond. This would
(UPAGE) and its affiliates
been subscribing
encourage older workers to
Singapore Power, SP
to the same values as we
remain in the workforce. Group
PowerGrid and SP Services
have which is basically
Chief Executive Officer of
were fine examples of this
integrity, unity and the
Singapore Power (SP) Group
strong relation when they
common purpose. We have Quek Poh Huat shared: “More
successfully signed a new
a common understanding
than 90 per cent of our people
Collective Agreement on 25
August 2010.
that we must work together, are re-employed at 62. We
automatically consider them
Under this new CA, non- trust each other and have
for re-employment between 62
executives enjoy an upward
a common purpose to
to 65 years old”.
salary revision and there are
make sure that company
The company also gave
enhanced career pathways
will succeed for our future
a one-off payment of $400
for workers, for example, the
for all non-executive staff. On
Executive Assistant Scheme. leaders and generations.”
top of that, Singapore Power
UPAGE General Secretary
Quek Poh Huat (picture above,
Nachiappan RK Sinniah said: left), Singapore Power Group CEO also agreed to give UPAGE an
additional $100 per member
“Under the new CA, there are
to be disbursed at the union’s discretion. “With
many opportunities for members to upgrade
this, UPAGE can then use it to further its mission
and move on to higher salary scales where they
and it shows non-members the benefit of joining
are prepared to take more responsibilities. For
the union. So I think that is a vey good concept
example, clerical officers can become Executive
totalproductivity • workingfor
11
By
Muneerah Bee Mohamed Iqbal
S
“
“
We are able to move this far
and this is possible because of
the relationship and trust. We cannot
take our good industrial relations
for granted. We must ensure that
the future leadership both at union
and management understand and
appreciate the existing industrial
relationship practices and principles.”
Nachiappan RK Sinniah (picture above, right),
UPAGE General Secretary
that UPAGE has introduced,” Mr Quek said.
Moving ahead, the union is looking to work
with management to make Singapore Power
more competitive and to improve productivity,
which will lead to more sustainable wage
increase for workers over time.
SMEEU Engages Managements On IGP
By
Jasmine Lim
I
NTUC Industrial Relations Officer
n line with the Labour Movement’s aim to
improve productivity of the workforce, a
union-management dialogue session was
organised by the Shipbuilding and Marine
Engineering Employees’ Union (SMEEU)
on 16 August 2010 at NTUC’s e2i (Employment
and Employability Institute). The aim was to
clarify questions that management partners
had on the Inclusive Growth Programme (IGP)
launched in early August.
Since the start of the IGP, SMEEU actively
got in touch with management partners for this
sharing session to ensure that companies have
a clearer idea of what IGP is about and how it
can help them and the workers.
15 companies’ managements, including
Sembcorp Marine Limited, Jurong Shipyard
Private Limited, Keppel Shipyard Limited,
Singapore Technologies Marine Limited and
Wartsila Singapore Pte Ltd participated together
with several union leaders. The Guest-ofHonour was NTUC Assistant Secretary-General
Ong Ye Kung, who is also the Chairman of e2i.
ASG Ong addressed concerns of
management partners such as the types of
projects that would be eligible for funding under
the IGP and how this funding will be disbursed
to the companies when the projects are
approved.
He also
contrasted and
explained how the
IGP funding is different
from funding from
other Government
agencies. Instead
of industry-wide
such as building
up management
capability and big
ticket investments in
heavy machinery and
infrastructure, IGP
focuses on improving
productivity through process restructuring,
introduction of technology and equipment at the
ground level and in the execution phase.
In addition, ASG Ong also highlighted that
the spirit of IGP - to help companies realise
productivity gains and sharing the benefits
of these gains with low-wage workers - is
important in considering projects that are eligible
for funding. A company that is successful in
its application will receive up to $150,000 per
project and $500,000 per company.
SMEEU’s President Wong Weng Ong
noted that management should look at existing
projects or plans that the company has and
utilise the funding to supplement the cost of
implementing them. He added: “At the end of
the day, it should be to help low-wage workers
improve their income and for companies to
share their gains from improved productivity with
these workers.”
Through this interactive session,
management partners not only cleared their
doubts on the applicability of IGP but also
learnt about other companies’ productivity
improvement projects that they might want to
take up themselves.
At the end, management partners were
invited to fill up an interest form to enable e2i to
follow-up with them on the projects they have in
mind. To date, SMEEU is already working with
five companies who have expressed interest
to tap on the funding and is currently working
closely with e2i and the management to discuss
details of the projects.
12
workingfor
• totalproductivity
Deploying Manpower Productively
By
Muneerah Bee Mohamed Iqbal
T
he Singapore Changi
International Airport has
long been one of the world’s
most famous airports and
the Changi International
Airport Services has been contributing
to the success of the airport through the cargo,
catering, passenger, apron and engineering
aspects of the ground handling.
In order maintain this success, the Changi
International Airport Services Employees' Union
recognises the need to improve productivity.
Earlier this year, the union held a Cheaper Better
Faster seminar with its management which
was well received. “During the seminar, we
proposed to management that in order to get
well rounded staff, cross training is a key area to
look into so we don’t find it difficult when we do
deployment. There are various key operations
where staff can learn and we can also better
gauge staff performance that way,” CIASEU
General Secretary Supaat Sayuni shared.
Currently in its trial run, the company is
conducting deployment through the Resource
Management System. The system matches
the manpower requirements with flight
requirements. It can determine how many men
are required to be deployed for the number
of flight operations coming in. This is a more
CIASEU
cost-effective compared to the manual method
where control room staff will plan and deploy the
manpower needed for every shift. Any shortage
of manpower can also be resolved in advance
as the Resource Management System can
balance excess labour, eradicate wastage and
maximises the manpower to serve the need of
the peak and lull periods accordingly.
After the trial, the Resource Management
System will be implemented in Cargo and Apron
services. With the improvement and success of
the system, workers will benefit from the savings
made through this system.
Being in the aviation industry, working in
shifts is the nature for most CIASEU members.
Due to this, members may find it hard to step
up and commit to leadership positions in the
union. Monetary reasons is also a factor as
their allowance as a unionist is compensated
with a flat rate. Nevertheless, CIASEU believes
in grooming potential leaders. “One way to
groom next generation leaders is to give them
as much exposure as possible when they are
A house union of the Changi International
Airport Services, the Changi International
Airport Services Employees' Union was
formed in 1984. It currently has 778 Ordinary
and General Branch members, with a
unionisation rate of about 90 per cent.
first inducted into the union. For example,
through courses from the Ong Teng Cheong
Labour Leadership Institute and overseas and
local seminars so that they are exposed to all
these elements of the Labour Movement. With
more exposure, it will build up their interest,” Mr
Supaat said.
Moving forward, the union is working
on the coming Collective Agreement where
local contract workers can be represented
by the union. “We are trying to make these
contract staff to be our members and to get
the management to recognise that we can
represent them on their terms and conditions,”
said CIASEU President Sheikh Muhammed
Mohd Yusof.
It’s All About
Fighter
U Baby!
By
Vanessa Teo
B
abies can bring about much joy
for parents, sleepless nights for
some, and babies too have the
potential to bring in members for the
Labour Movement family. Joining
the Labour Movement in 2006 and NTUC’s
Family Development Unit in 2008, FDU Senior
Specialist (Programme and Outreach) Serene
Loh has witnessed this herself.
Focusing mainly on organising baby-related
events, Madam Loh has successfully organised
two events, ‘Babies’ Day Out’ and ‘My First
National Day’ party, that comes under FDU’s
‘Celebrating Birth’ umbrella.
‘My First National Day’ party for babies
that took place recently as part of the National
Day Observance Ceremonies saw great results
which left Madam Loh very pleased.
She said: “We had about 1,000 people
and 250 babies joining us at this NDOC. The
feedback was great, and we had parents
telling us that this was a very good event as
there weren’t many
opportunities for them
to bring their babies to
concerts, what more
to go on stage to cut
NTUC Family Development Unit Senior Specialist (Programme and Outreach) Serene Loh (third from
right) together with fellow team mates at ‘Babies’ Day Out’ on 14 August 2010.
a birthday cake and
celebrate National Day together.”
“Events as such are a good platform to
While the event brought about great fun for
engage the public because we noticed from the
participants, the hard work behind the scenes
first event, ‘Babies’ Day Out’, the majority of the
cannot be denied.
participants were not U Family members and
Shared Madam Low: “More attention and
have not heard of us before. But after the event,
care needs to be put in when organising events
many signed up as U Family members and we
for babies. Like for the recent ‘My First National
see quite a few repeats coming for the ‘My First
Day’ party, I had to make careful consideration
National Day’ party.
when deciding what time should the event start,
“We also see ourselves as a gateway for the
how long it should last etc, as babies cannot
NTUC Membership Department to reach out
stay out for too long.
to this group of U Family members who are not
“It was not easy to take note of all the nitty
yet union members. We work very closely with
gritty details, but when I look at our members
MED, and will assist them in collating the list of
and they tell me that they truly enjoyed and are
non-union members where they can then touch
very glad that U Family is there to plan such
base with them,” said Madam Loh.
events for them, I felt very much satisfied.”
Moving forward, Madam Loh hopes to see
Through her dedication to better serve
the U Family membership increase, as well
this group of parents, Madam Loh has also
opened up doors of opportunities for the Labour as the NTUC membership numbers increase
through their membership base.
Movement to reach out to them as well.
14
workingfor
• totalproductivity
Making
The Grade
Upcoming My First Skool
At CCK Will Score In More
Ways Than One
By
Nicolette Yeo
W
hen it comes to caring for the
community, we will do our best.
This seems to be the new
maxim of NTUC First Campus
Co-operative Limited since
it embarked on its Community Partnership
Programme earlier this year.
When news of its intention to set up a
new My First Skool centre at Block 602 Chua
Chua Kang Street 62 first broke this year, many
residents were reportedly dismayed as they felt
it would obscure their neighbouring landscapes
and diminish their access to the nearby park.
The centre is slated for completion in the
beginning of 2011.
Ms Adeline Tan, General Manager at NTUC
First Campus, said: “The current My First Skool
centre at Block 603 Chua Chua Kang Street 62
Creating
is full, with over 200 children on the waiting list.
With the opening of this other centre at Block
602, we will be able to serve more families. This
is in line with our goal to make quality childcare
services accessible to working parents.”
As part of the NTUC Social Enterprises
family, My First Skool stayed true to its social
mission, and its team of curriculum specialists
came up with a unique and creative solution
that would score full marks with the residents as
well as the children.
Ms Tan explained: “The centre is going to be
purpose built with an extended outdoor activity
area where children can carry out activities
such as Art & Crafts outdoors. This area will
be co-shared with the residents after operation
hours. Residents will be able to
pick up parenting tips and find
out what the children learnt at
the centre from the displays put
up by centre staff on the notice
boards at this area. The centre
will also have long windows
that can allow children to look
outside and maintain a visual
connection with the outdoor
environment while being
indoors.”
In addition, this outdoor
activity area will act as a
walkway within the new centre
to allow residents easy access
to the adjacent park (refer to
picture for more details). What is
most admirable, however, is the
fact that NTUC First Campus will be bearing the
additional financial costs of the updated design
and added inconvenience to its operational
procedures.
These meaningful plans were unveiled at a
Block Party by the Yew Tee Zone 7 Residents’
Committee on 28 August 2010. To further
reassure the residents of the block, Ms Tan
disclosed that the new centre will also address
other common concerns of childcare centres.
“In terms of noise, the teachers will be
mindful to remind children not to make too
much noise when they have outdoor activities.
In terms of void deck space, we are trying not
to take up the whole void deck so it could be
around two-thirds,” she said.
Is
Serious Business
At Wild Wild Wet
By
Andrea Ng
NTUC Club Senior Executive, Marketing & Communications
S
taff at NTUC Club’s Wild Wild Wet
work in the most exciting water park in
Singapore. But, as the NTUC Workplace
Health and Safety (NTUC WHS)
Committee found in a learning journey
there, ensuring the best possible experience for
all guests is serious business.
On 18 August 2010, NTUC Club CEO Yeo
Khee Leng welcomed 30 visitors, including
NTUC WHS Committee Secretary Yeo Guat
Kwang, NTUC WHS Committee Chairman
Karthikeyan s/o Krishnamurthy, and Senior
Assistant Director Goh Chin Keong from
Occupational Safety and Health Division, Ministry
of Manpower. They learnt about safety in water
parks and some of new measures adopted by
Wild Wild Wet to ensure safety for guests and
staff.
Mr Karthikeyan said: “The Workplace Safety
and Health Act covers only places traditionally
regarded as factories. However, with effect
from September 2011, it will be extended to all
workplaces across 16 industries.
“Thus, this is a
good time to see how
companies in the
different industries
meet and maintain
safety standards and
we hope to identify the
best practices in the
various sectors through these learning journeys.
“Wild Wild Wet is unique in that in ensuring
workplace safety, the staff are not the only
consideration. They also implement measures
that provide for the safety of its guests.”
Mr Yeo explained the importance of safety in
the water park: “As Wild Wild Wet is a place for
fun and play, people tend to be less vigilant and
forget about safety. Research has also shown
that accidental drowning occurs not only in
deep pools, but frequently in shallow waters, as
children can drown in as little as a few inches of
water.”
Mr Benny Lee, Director of Theme Parks,
NTUC Club, shared Wild Wild Wet’s safety
slogan `Safety First, Fun Lasts’: “Creating a safe
environment for our guests also benefits our staff
as it creates a safe work environment for them.”
Mr Lee also touched on the four safety
measures in place which make up a significant
portion of the water park’s operating expenses.
They are the daily maintenance of rides and
attractions, implementation of safety operational
procedures, personnel training and taking a
proactive approach.
All staff are trained in first-aid and the
lifeguards undergo a rigorous training programme
in order to be certified. The team has conducted
more than 500 rescues in Wild Wild Wet’s six
years of operation and there has not been one
drowning incident.
The visitors witnessed an emergency
response team drill and saw the safety steps
taken, from easy availability of lifejackets provided
free, to the display of posters and banners
constantly reminding parents to be vigilant of
their children and the placement of red life-saving
boxes containing emergency equipment.
engaging
15
By
Vanessa Teo
Pictures by TYN 20/20
T
heir presence was for a good cause, and their presence also
contributed to the Labour Movement’s call for productivity.
Indeed the youth wing of the Labour Movement, Young NTUC,
has inculcated a strong value of volunteerism in its youth
activists while serving the purpose of upping productivity in all
ways.
On 28 August 2010, Young NTUC’s affinity group TYN Wildlife along
with 30 volunteers embarked on a mission to build up a cement fence
around the premises of ACRES (Animal Concerns Research & Education
Society) Wildlife Rescue Centre.
Already having begun their good works on 21 August 2010 with 33
volunteers heading down
to ACRES to clear the
surrounding perimeters
of weeds and vines, this
second meeting was to
build up the cement fence.
Tapping on the Labour
Movement’s family, TYN
Wildlife also had a helping
hand from the Building
Construction and Timber
Industries Employees’
Union where experienced
members of BATU came to
help out in this meaningful
cause, one of them being
BATU Advisor/Organising
Jeffery Khoo.
“This morning I was just sharing my experience and teaching
the volunteers how to mix cement. It’s good that the youngsters
are exposed to such outdoor volunteering work and Young NTUC
must keep up their good efforts. I am very glad to be part of such a
meaningful activity,” said Mr Khoo.
Once the cement fence is completed, weeds will no longer be
able to climb onto the surrounding wire fence thus making it easier
for maintenance. Shared ACRES Director of Community Outreach
Charlene Tan: “Maintenance will be much easier and thus we can
be more focused on improving productivity in other areas instead
of just getting our volunteers to pull out weeds week after week.
TYN Wildlife volunteer lays the foundation
for a better future for the wild animals.
Having said that, if we are able to focus on other aspects, we will
then be able to meet more of our objectives and goals.”
Youth activists who were present the week before were also pleased to see the progress of the
cement fence, and 28-year-old Charles Ng was one who shared such sentiments. He said: “The first
time was to lay out the ground work and today we are here to complete the job… At the end of the
day, you will feel a sense of satisfaction, like you have made a difference and have done something. I
will definitely be back for more of such activities.”
Cementing
Camaraderie
With Cement
Fences
TYN Wildlife Calling For LinkPoints!
TYN Wildlife also received a helping hand from NTUC Link Private Limited. In their first time
collaboration, NTUC members are able donate their NTUC LinkPoints to fund the materials used
in building the fence line. As at 31 August 2010, $183 has been raised through this initiative.
NTUC members who wish to donate their NTUC LinkPoints can log on to www.yntuc.sg/
helpacres before 30 September 2010 to do so. Remember, for every NTUC LinkPoint you donate,
you are playing a part to save animals in the wild.
Indonesian Fair On At FairPrice
C
raving for your favourite ABC Extra Hot Chilli Sauce or instant Indofood Mi Goreng?
Make a beeline for NTUC FairPrice stores today and enjoy these and more at the annual
Indonesia Istimewa Fair. Better than ever, it features a mouthwatering array of Indonesian
delights, ranging from fresh goods like rock melon and pink guava to over 20 grocery
items including condiments, canned fruits and chocolate. What’s more, be one of the
first to sink your teeth into sweeter and juicier leafy vegetables from Indonesia, which has just been
launched under its new Pasar Indonesia housebrand. On till 15 September.
TYN Wildlife volunteers starts to mix the cement with the advice
and supervision from BATU advisors.
TYN Wildlife volunteers began to toil on 21 August 2010 to clear the
weeds and vines surrounding the perimeter of ACRES.
“
We never knew that BATU
existed, and it is because of the
Young NTUC that they managed to get
their own contacts. And through this
contact, we managed to get a great
deal out of it. If not, all of us will just be
sitting around and not do anything.”
Charlene Tan, ACRES Director of Community
Outreach
“
It’s a surprise to me that NTUC
actually has a youth wing called
Young NTUC. And I totally cannot
imagine that they are related in any
way, so I will most probably go back to
google to see what they are about. I will
want to come back for future activities.”
Chow Oi Ling, 38, IT Project Management
Officer
16
engaging
Close To Nature, Close To U
By
Koh Yan Ping
Principal Specialist (Programme & Outreach)
NTUC Family Development Unit - U Family
I
t was before dawn but Orchid Country
Club (OCC) was bustling as nearly 60
cars drove in. These cars and their
owners donned stickers and t-shirts
with the words ‘Treasure Venture’.
Everyone was excited as it was the flag-off
for the U Family Treasure Venture family driving holiday to Cherating!
The Treasure Venture community has tripled in size with 215
members, and OCC and The Singapore Manual and Mercantile Workers’
Union’s (SMMWU) support enhanced the event.
SMMWU Assistant Secretary-General Elvin Lee said: “Our vision has
always been to serve our members all round. It is a great opportunity for
SMMWU members and their families to understand the Union’s role that
not only provides core benefits, but also the fun part. It is a good time for
union members to interact as well as family bonding.”
Families worked together to decipher the Tulip symbols and
navigate their way to the final destination in Cherating, Malaysia. Besides
navigating, they looked out for clues to the answers in the Treasure Hunt.
“This is a great way for families to bond. I drove and my eldest son
navigated while my wife and two other children looked out for the clues,”
shared Mr Patrick Yeo whose wife is a SMMWU member.
The entire journey was more than 400 kilometres but it was well
worth it. After a sumptuous buffet lunch at the Sungai Pandan Waterfalls,
the families had a relaxing soak at the waterfalls. Said U Family member
Iszeraj Bin Ibrahim: “My boys did not experience waterfalls back home
and they loved it. It was indeed enjoyable as the waterfall culminates in a
large pool which is ideal for cooling off after a long drive.”
More fun awaited the families at the Impiana Cherating Resort. A
BBQ dinner party by the beach welcomed them. Cowboys and Red
Indians were sighted as the theme was “Indiana Jones”. It ended with the
launching of Sky Lanterns into the night sky, a unique experience as they
do not have the chance to do so in Singapore.
The visit to the Turtle Sanctuary allowed the families to learn about
conservation efforts to protect the endangered species, in particular, the
Leatherback Turtle. The close encounter with the turtle hatchlings made
our families appreciate the wonders of nature even more.
At the end of three days, family bonds strengthened and new
friendships formed. It was heartwarming to see families exchanging
contact information. Greatly encouraged by the positive feedback,
U Family will continue to organise and grow the Treasure Venture
community. Look out for the next Treasure Venture in December!
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ᄉЇߔ‫ڍٿ‬njᙉཨЇߔԵ਴३
ʶ̎ᔭឥὋͭͺආ̝ᄉ᜿३ள
Ҫ‫ڸ‬ఝ‫ݝ‬Ὃ‫̴͂˝ځ‬ᄉࠑ‫ڙ‬ᤇ
᧖Ὃඊ ‫ڍॳ ڙ‬థఝܲᄉԦ ࡘ ఺
͗nj
ʶͮ‫ࣱڙ‬ґሧࡏᤇ᧖ᄉ˖
‫఺ڍ‬೙࣍Ὃ̬ܸࣂፂҪЙளҪ‫ڸ‬
‫ڍ‬ዙὋᄫґ௦ʶࠑМՂᄉᅕࢹnj̴
థʶՏᡱᬣ̴౎ளҪ‫ڸ‬ၶาᄉ‫ݘ‬
ЇnjణᤂὋॆႂ᜼Ի୦Ѣ˖‫ڍڍ‬ൠ
ௐὋᤇՏᅕࢹ᜵‫ݘ‬Їᡱᅋ‫׮‬ὋԺ௦
‫ݘ‬Їឬ‫ࠪݜ‬ளҪ‫ڍڸ‬ൠఝҪཿ
৘nj
ᅕࢹథ̣˥᥋ਲ਼՘὞෤థnj̴
ਕҁᰳТᑞઁ‫ݘ‬Їࣛ౎ளҪ‫ڸ‬Ὃ
‫̴˝ځ‬ᄰζᤇ᧖ఝ‫ݝ‬Ὃʽʶ̼˶
͗ࣳለnj
˝̣˥ˏ˓̠ᦏᤤસளҪ‫ڸ‬὞
ፂ฿‫ܘ‬᫁Njஓᐱ҃ऎ֖ᇪ͗ፆౝ
ᓡ‫ݝ‬௦ᦉѫԓ‫ځ‬njఝ᧗᜵ᄉ௦Ὃ
ளҪ‫ڸ‬ᇪ͗ХథӉࠓবὋਜ਒
խጩʿՎᐿ௿ᄉ̠‫౎ܢ‬ᤇ᧖Ԧ
ࡘnj
ੇ͂ʿਵҰҦஓᐱఴ‫֖ ̠ ڠ‬
ଋԩܰ‫̠ڍ‬੥Ὃ΍ੇ‫ڍ‬ᄉþ੆᫁ल
୲ÿᮺঋᤁᣀnjᤇࡂ௦᝴̠ܲ᜵
ሧࡏᤇ᧖ᄉԓ‫ځ‬nj಩૵ࣱ̬త
௅Ԧᛪᄉᄥฦ௾ඞ਒ុಉፆ౦Ὃ
‫ݟ‬౦ੇ‫ڍ‬Љ᝴ඇ˓థ਒ሧࡏᤇ᧖
ᄉ̠‫ࠃܢ‬ဗਜభᄉពὋᥦ˥ੇ‫ڍ‬
ᄉ̠ԯ࠱͗‫ܘ‬Ҫʻυὀ
ᙉཨੇ͂ʿᑞЉ᝴ᤇሗ̂ৰ
ԦၶὋͭੇ͂˶ʿᑞ᫽ൢܰ‫̠ڍ‬
ሧࡏᤇ᧖nj˝˿ፂ฿‫ܘ‬᫁Ὃੇ‫ॸڍ‬
ᮋಫ۱ఴ‫֖̠ڠ‬ଋԩܰ‫̠ڍ‬੥nj
ཨᏪὋ଍ᛠӉࠓஊንፋੇ͂ࣛ
౎ʶ̎ૌੌnjܰ‫ڍ‬ሧඞˀఴ‫ࢹڠ‬
ԣ˧ᫍԺᑞథ෣᤯ᬩᆽnj஠Ӑʼ
ᄉࢿऩὋ˶Ժᑞ࠭ᒰग़൤ឧ͗njࣳ
ᤁᄉ௦Ὃᤇ̎ᦏ‫˝ځ‬థူఄ֖ؒ
਒Ꮺ๖ᬓ˿nj
థ̎Ϸຠҫࡌᤇಧᄉᬷ˞
˞ҮधҨᔭឥ͗ពာὋࣞүܰ
‫ࢹڍ‬ԣଁଦᔭឥ ͗ ពὋள Ҫ
‫˶̠ڸ‬ਆҨก˿ᝌܰ‫౎ڍ‬ᄉՎ
̂nj൤ܰὋԟˀԤழᄉᓫࣻาҮ
˶ᝧఴ‫ڠ‬ˀܰ‫ࢹڍ‬ԣ͂థ̈Ү
ᄉ఺͗nj
ੇ੝నҫᄉࢹ͗డឬ నʶ
ͮ౎ᒬ˖‫ڍ‬ᄉளҪ‫ڸ‬ዙՎ̂Ὃ
᜵̴੆˝ࢹ͗ᮖ᛽Ὃ̾Φఝ‫ݝ‬
‫ڠ‬నҫ౎ᒬ˖‫ڍ‬ᄉࢹԣnj‫ܷڙ‬
ࠑᴎॶӨҦ˧ʽὋఴ‫ࢹڠ‬ԣ֖
ܰ‫ࢹڍ‬ԣᄉᡯሎડᆀ˿Ὃ̓ʼ
˿ధԣὋၴᒯథʶ̎ᤆф߿Ҫ
ЙளҪ‫ڍڸ‬ዙὋઁࠑ̠ࣛ౎ᤇ
᧖ၶาnjࠜథӉࠓবᄉᇪ͗Љ
᝴ ளҪ‫֖ ̠ڸ‬þளᄉளҪ‫ڸ‬
̠ÿРՎ˝ʽʶ̼तበᎾ‫ݝ‬ᄉల
౎njФࠃὋࠑ‫ࡂچ‬௦੝థᄉࠑ
ऐ֖ధԣᄉ঳Ջnj
ᝧੇ͂Չࡉʶ͊Ҧ᧙ὋР‫ڒ‬
ளҪ‫ڸ‬೔Ὃ˝ʽʶ̼तበఝᎾ
‫ݝ‬ᄉࠑ‫֖چ‬Ӊࠓܷऎᄉᇪ͗nj
ᐋ঳ࠜᮻࠆ
‫ڙ‬᭞‫ݗ‬ᤁԨ३Ꮳᅊ·ፚ
ᑞܴ੆˝ளҪ‫ڸ‬ᤇᮉ༎Ү̠ॶᄨ̂ᄉʶ͊
ߔὋ௦ੇ͂ᄉᕥࣳnjᮻֵΘः௦ੇ͂ᄉुᮉὋੇॡ
ᰳТᐋ঳ࠜᮻࠆՋͺᇪᑞܴ੆˝ᤇᮉͳ‫ڲ‬ᄨ̂ᄉ
ૈ߿ᮻֵΘः‫׷‬Ὃ˝าҮᄉ੆ҩˠᛠࡉʶ͊Ҧnj
úᐋ঳ࠜᮻࠆՋͺᇪ঳ᜆဌЏ౩
ࣱ̅త௅ᒯ௅‫ڙ‬ள
Ҫ‫ڸ‬ˠᛠᄉᯪࡒ᭞ࣱ‫ݗ‬ᤁ͗Ὃ঄ᆼᄉ
ʿԵ ௦ ՉᮉᤁҮᄉԟ ˀᏧnj‫ ڙ‬Ԙੜ
᧖ὋᤆథʶᏅ࣪ՐࢹͺᏧ঄ᅋ˝ஜӡ
ՏᤁҮտNjࢹͺ̠տNj˦ࢹ֖ᛪ໥Ꮷ
э‫ܫ‬ᮻྫྷnj
ᐋ঳ࠜᮻࠆՋͺᇪ௦᭞‫ݗ‬ᤁФ˖
ʶ˓ૈ߿ᮻֵΘः‫׷‬Ὃ˞᜵˝ԟˀध
16-20.indd 17
࣪ᇩ֖᫆࣪ᇩᄉᛪ໥Ꮷэ‫ܫ‬ᮻྫྷnjФ
˖੝๗Ԣᄉྫྷึ֖ፑ᝟ࢹͺܲ३̠̽
ᬱ̾ᎵζὋॸᮋዴᆷ३Ϸᤈᛠи̂ᛠ
ҮὋ̾ᆷγ෤థܾឧ֖અឃnjᬓ˿᧓
᠓ᦉኍஂବᦉ᫂Ὃᐋ঳ࠜᮻࠆՋͺᇪ
ีѢጝՏ˞᜵ᄉКᐋՋಪտࢹ‫ڙ‬
ʻ˓ᐋ঳ࠜᮻࠆᄉԘੜࢹͺnjध࣪ᇩ
֖᫆࣪ᇩὋҪʼॐଅὋᐋ঳ࠜᮻࠆՋ
ͺᇪРэ‫௸͊ܲʹ˿ܫ‬ᮿ֖ʹܲ͊
ܳࠐnj
ʿӉ હ ࠐ ܳὋᐋ ঳ ࠜ ᮻ ࠆ Ջ ͺ
ᇪၸ˿М஬ᄉᄆዚNjМ஬
ᄉᐚNj М஬ᄉҪࢹᐚዜᮻֵ֖
М஬ᄉᘁᖜ౎э‫ܫ‬ຌᄽ௸ᮿnjԲ
ܰὋ̴͂˶ၸ˿М஬ᄉᄆዚNj
М஬ᄉገᐚ֖М஬ᄉᘁᖜ౎э‫ܫ‬
ገᮻnjᤇ̎ይᮻᄉѫ᧙Ὃᡛܴ;Ոܲ
ˣփ὞
˞᜵ૌੌ
ǁ ‫ݝڙ‬і˓తґࡂध‫ݼ‬ኡ‫ࢹܫ‬ͺὋን
ѲᖜӬ֖ᮻ౅ᄉ᧓᠓Ὃ߶ଅྫྷึ
֖̠ҦᄉᦉᎷ
ǁ ᐋ঳ࠜᮻࠆՋͺᇪॸᮋᬣௐϡ‫ݝ‬
э‫ܫ‬Ὃ̾ः͉ࠪʹஇԪnj
ǁ ˝ᆷγ߶КὋᐋ঳ࠜᮻࠆՋͺᇪॸ
ᮋᆷγᯋᄣᄉӉᜈNjᤁᤞᒯᮻၸ
ᄉௐᫍʿᡓ᣾˓࠴ௐnj‫ځ‬൤Ὃտࢹ
ॸᮋ‫࠴˓ˏڙ‬ௐЮὋࣰ‫ڨ‬Ӊᜈ
˓ᯋᄣnj
ǁ ᬓ˿੝థᄉᯋᄣ֖ࠐܳܰὋᐋ঳ࠜ
ᮻࠆՋͺᇪ˶˝Տ஡ੈᄉ‫ٿ‬
ஓ१ଡΘᮻӉὋӉહᚐ౪Njᰳབ᧙
ᎾህᯌֵNjᏤᘹྠᯖ࣯Nj‫ݗ‬ѽ‫ݗ‬ఛ
݈ᯖԢ͟ஙࢻАҦ။‫ܢ‬ԃnj
˞᜵᜵ය
ǁ ඇʶᮿᦏॸᮋథ Ӵᡸ᧖ᄉབ
᧙Ὃ΍ၸ፮ᓣӉᜈὋథʿՎᄉᖜᓣ
̾ቿՋʿՎᄉԯ։
ǁ ᥗБ΍ၸᔈၶNj೹ߔ֖ྥ‫ݚ‬ኍԺᑞ
͗लᡐ᣾ஏᄉᮻ౅
ǁඇʶᮿᄉຌᄽᮻֵ֖ገᮻᦏॸᮋ
థ੝ʿՎnj
9/2/10 2:39:48 PM
ࢹ͕͗ੌ‫ܢ‬
ࣞүࢹ̠ᄉణ·ழกὋࡂ௦ᆷ
γ̴͂థࢹͺnjఝ᧗᜵ᄉ௦Ὃࣞү̴
͂γͰࢹͺnjК‫ڍ‬ᐋࢹ঳͗‫ݘݣ‬Ԧࡘ
ማ˹‫ܪ‬ᰳጞ˃տᬇຝຝὋࡂ௦᤯᣾ጷ
ጺՉሗาҮὋӨүࢹ̠႐‫ࢹڙ‬ͺ࡯ͮ
ʼnj
ᬇ ຝ ຝ֖Բʶ ՏՎ ̂ ʶ ᡐ ᤯ ᣾
-JUUMF0OFT!8PSL֖-JWF!8PSLኍ᝴
᝴ܲܲᄉาҮὋ੆ҩ‫ڠ‬Өүԟˀ͌ˉ
ᄉտࢹ‫ࢹڙ‬ͺˀၶาழ᭦Ԩ३ࣰᛥnj
ᏪФ˖ణᝧᬇຝຝਕҁᰆϴᄉาҮ
௦-JUUMF0OFT!8PSLnj
‫ݜ‬ឬὙ
þੇ͂‫ڙ‬Ԝࣱత଍Ѣ-JUUMF
0 O F T ! 8P S LὋឞา Үԩ ҁ͌ˉᄉ
བཉ൓ᤀὋФ ር ऎᡓѢࣱ̬ᄉᮔ య
ᄫಕ njඇॆੇ ҁ Չ ͌ ˉԟ ˀ - J U U M F
0OFT!8PSLาҮὋ঳௦ᄹҁտࢹ͂
ᑴʼึ᭚ѢਏঋᄉᛪৰὋ‫̴͂˝ځ‬ᑞ
ᝧߦߔԟ᜹ᒬࣁᄉࢹͺ‫ڣ‬੝njᄹҁտ
ࢹᄉቶࠓὋᄹ ҁߦߔ ͂ဓ३ᥦ˥ध
ॶὋੇࡂథ௃ඊᄉ໗ᡛਕnjÿ
ᬇຝຝ‫ࣱڙ‬తҪЙࢹᤁጷ
ጺ˧ґὋࣲʿᄽൣ˿ᝌࢹᤁnjʿ᣾Ὃဗ
‫ࣂݜڙ‬ຑຑ˿ᝌϷᐋ঳‫ݘݣ‬Ԧࡘማ˹
‫ܪ‬ᤇಧᄉྱ߿ӬͮὋ௦‫ࣞʹݟ‬үտࢹ
ᄉnj
ᬇຝຝѫ̙ឬὙ
þੇѷҪЙࢹᤁጷ
ጺௐὋࣲʿܹ˿ᝌᤇ˓ጷጺᄉᤁͺnj
ͭ ፂ ᣾ʶൿௐᫍՐὋੇ Ԧဗࢹᤁ ጷ
ጺ ੝ ϡᄉࢹͺὋᄽᄉᝧ᝴ܲࢹ ̠ԩ
৻njÿ
þΒ‫ݟ‬Ὃ‫ڙ‬ᐋ঳‫ݘݣ‬Ԧࡘማ˹‫ܪ‬Ὃ
ੇ͂˃᫂˝‫ݘݣ‬ଡΘ᝴ܲବүnjੇ͂
ଡώᄉࢹͺˀၶาࣰᛥὋ৻Ԣʶᓉտ
ࢹnj൤ܰὋੇᄰζ#8὇᧗ᤄᐋ‫ڣ‬Ὀ
֖8F$BSF 6὇Сক;ὈኍาҮὋܷ
ܷஇԪ˿ʶ̎‫ݘݣ‬ᄉၶาὋ‫͂ݜ‬Ժᑞ
३ҁࡂˉବүὋӬ̝‫̯˶ݤݤ‬าҮ˖
ԩ৻njÿ
ҪЙࢹᤁጷጺᤂʻࣱ˿Ὃᬇຝຝ
ॡᰳТᑞ३ҁʶᏅՎ̂ᄉஂ૆Ὃᝧ‫ݜ‬
‫ࢹڙ‬ͺʼ३ҁॡܷᄉࣞүὋ˶ᴁҴ‫ݜ‬
ዴᄝයዴnj
ᬇຝ ຝឬὙþ઴థʶᏅॡ ‫ݝ‬ᄉՎ
ᬇຝຝ὇˖Ὀˀᐋ঳‫ݘݣ‬Ԧࡘማ˹‫ܪܪ‬ֺ᫁ᕹတ὇ԾὈ‫ڙ‬త௅ˠҨᄉࢹͺˀၶาᆐᝦ͗ʼ
֖ˀ͗Ꮷ̓ึnj
̂Ὃᝧੇॡᒬ៷njᅻ᥊ੇ͂ൣ‫ڙ‬ϡᄉ
̂ᑞ˝̴̠ࣛ౎ࠃࠃ‫ڙڙ‬ᄉᄝ‫ܪ‬Ὃਕ
᜿ॡ‫ݝ‬njੇ࣎భ‫ڙ‬ज़Րᄉ௅ߔ᧖Ὃᑞ
ፘ፝३ҁՎಧᄉ໗ᡛਕnjÿ
ᐋ঳‫ݘݣ‬Ԧࡘማ˹‫ڙ࠱ܪ‬త֖
తߥ ಢ ϛ యఝࠚᬶ‫ڠ‬ˠ ᛠ-JU UMF
0OFT!8PSLὋథТᡙઁߦߔࣛҁᐋ
‫ڣ‬ᄉࠑ᫁Ժ̾థ੝యय़˿nj
᧗ளᬷͿᄉЎᩣᦉ᫲
ॡ௙௬ᄉὋᬣᅋ̠ԯ֖ҶҮҦᏤӐὋ
᧗ளᬷၸࣱ᫁տࢹ௦ᬷ˞֖ࢹ͗ॸᮋ
ଉᝦᄉ᧗᜵ᮖ۪njͺ˝ʶ˓МРᦉ᫂
ᄉࢹ͗Ὃก߿఺ౝМРᬷտᐎՋ͗ʶ
ᄯ̾ᢵͺѶὋ௉‫ࣱڙ‬తὋࡂˀ
˓ѫ͗ኣᎷᄰСᄉួᝌ‫ܫ‬ঃेnj
ͺ˝ᖿࠃ᧗ளᬷͿஊንᄉЎᩣ᫲
͏Ὃก߿఺ౝМРᬷᐎʶᄯሤ౜‫ڠ‬ˀክ
ူࡎ͖ͦጊࠚՋͺὋ˝ࣱ᫁տࢹଡΘ
᧗ளࡂˉᄉᤤસnj̴͂ᄉᛠҮඊ᧗ள
ᬷͿก̽ൣयၶ஌ᄉ௅య௉˿ʻࣱnj
ՎௐὋឞࢹ͗ᤆ᝟ѲયӁఝܲ˃ˉ
̠‫ܢ‬NjፂူNj੯ᛠ̠տ֖੾శ̠տὋྱ
Ѿ௦ᣖᰳࡎᄉտࢹnj‫ࣱڙ‬Ὃࢹ͗
᝹ʽયӁ˓͗տᄉᄫಕὋፆ౦̴
͂ඊԓ߿ᄫಕܲયӁ˿̠ܲnjࣱ̬Ὃ
̴͂ᄉᄫಕ௦યӁ˓ள͗տnj
ก߿఺ౝМРᬷᐎ͗᫁ᬀᦏડൔ
ᝌ᧕Ὑþ᜵᣹ҁᤇ˓ᄫಕὋࢹ͗ᄉ͗
տ‫ށ‬տ͗ˀК‫ڍ‬ᐋࢹ঳͗ᄉ͗տᎷ
ՋͺὋ଍ѢયӁ͗տᄉาҮnjᤇ̎า
Ү௦˃᫂˝ʿՎᄉก߿఺ౝ᧙ᢵ߿҃
16-20.indd 18
ᄉὋ᭣࣡థ᧪ࠪবnjࣱ̬త˝ᑞຸࣉ
‫ڣ‬ክူ ࡌ଍Ѣᄉኃʶ˓યӁ͗տา
ҮὋࡂԨ३ॡܷᄉ੆ҩnjÿ
˝˿Ҫु͗տᄉለѽὋก߿఺ౝ
МРᬷᐎ଍Ѣ˿ʶ˓அ᠟Ջူᄉγ
ᬖ᝟ѲὋԩҁͯᘠࢹԣᄉ൓ᤀnjඇ˓
తԵᮋஂ̶ЊὋ͗տࡂԺ३ҁͰᬒ
֖̠࠮γᬖᄉγᬩnjឞࢹ֖͗ᐋ঳ጊ
ࠚՋͺὋ᭣࣡าᡣ̅ᐋ঳‫ݘݣ‬Ԧࡘማ
˹‫ܪ‬Njᐋ঳᭞ࣱ‫֖ڃ‬6 -JWF‫ށ‬տ͗nj
ሤ౜ᄉԟˀὋ΍ࢹ͗३̾˝͗տଡΘ
ఝܲᐎጆਕৰᄉ఺͗Ὃ˶˝̴͂ଡΘ
ఝܲಧӐᄉᓫᄫnj
ก߿఺ౝМРᬷᐎ˶֖ክူࡎत
በ˿ᓡ‫ݝ‬ᄉҶᠪСጆnj᤯᣾ᤇሗᓡ‫ݝ‬
ᄉҶᠪСጆὋᬅᡸ̓᤯ክူࡌNjளҪ
‫ڸ‬йይЪӝࡌNj๑̂ˀຠҫࡌኍก߿
఺ౝᄉክူࡎ֖ࢹ࣯͗̂ὋԟҪ˿ၿ
ဌ᳿௘ࢹᤁᮖ᛽ߥᬒˠҨᄉࢹˉС
ጆኍាርὋ̾Ԣၿ˖࠴‫ˉ͌ۋ‬Ө͗˞
Ҩᄉ13&1"3&᧗ளᬷͿាርnj
ก ߿ ఺ౝ М Р ᬷ ᐎማ ˹ ᫁ ડ ਉ
಺ͫ‫ݺ‬ឬὙ
þࢹ͗˶ॡซ᧗࣯̂ᄉಫ
۱Ὃࣲሤ౜ีᤞࢹ͗ᮖ᛽ҁဌ᳿௘ࢹ
ᤁᮖ᛽ߥᬒଋԩ۱ᝪnjÿ
ก߿఺ౝМРᬷᐎማ˹᫁ડਉ಺ͫ‫ݺ‬὇ґଅࢺ‫ٽ‬Ὀ֖͗տ‫ڙ‬తˠᛠᄉ63VOาҮ˖ᡄ३ႃߔ
̠ጷкиnj
ก߿఺ౝМРᬷᐎ੆በࣱ̅త௅njࢹ̯͗ణѹᄉ˓ก߿఺ౝὋԦ
ࡘᒯ̬ܸ̼ᛪ˿˓఺ౝὙளҪ‫ڸ‬йይЪӝࡌNjत᝹ࡌNj‫ڍ‬᫸መ੾ࡌNjᑞຸ
ࣉ‫ڣ‬ክူࡌNjγϣΧᤈࡌNjӻၶመߥࡌNjளҪ‫ڸ‬ᠪᝬ᤯ζԦࡘክူࡌNjளҪ
‫ڸ‬ᅻខ̖ాࡌNjᬅᡸ̓᤯ክူࡌNj๑̂ˀຠҫࡌNjளҪ‫˹ڎࠑڍڸ‬ᯝԢளҪ
‫ڠڗڸ‬ክူࡌnj
9/2/10 2:39:59 PM
ృ௬ᴜ঳ူ‫ࣻڍ‬Ꮕ͔ܷ͗
‫҃ڙ‬ᤴˉὋੇ͂Փ౎ઁܰ౎Ҷࢹ᜼˝Ջͺ
͖ͦὋʶᡐ́Ԩఝ‫ݝ‬ᄉᛪဗnjॆੇ͂Ԩ३ᓡ‫ݝ‬ᄉ
‫ܘ‬᫁Ὃࢹ̠˶࠱̯˖ԩᄝnj
úႂߔˀႂ٧ˉࢹԣᐎՋ͗ማ˹᫁ᬇᮊᴜ
᳦ሑߌઐ᥊
ᙉཨ‫̠ڍ‬ઝॶܰ౎̠ԯܷ᧙๘
ЙளҪ‫᠆౎ࣛ͗ڸ‬᭦ॕֽὋͭੇ‫ڍ‬᜵
ଡᰳၶ̖ҦὋࡂॸᮋଋԩܰ౎̠Ҧnj
ྱѾ௦ဗ‫ڙ‬ፂ฿‫ܬ‬ᔙ˿Ὃੇ‫ڍ‬ᑞܴࠓ
ጩఝܲܰ౎տࢹnj
ృ௬ᴜ঳ူ‫ࣻڍڙ‬Ꮕ͔ܷ͗ʼૈ
ѢὋܰ౎Ҷࢹ֖ளሧඞ௦ʿՎᄉnjள
Ҫ‫ڸ‬लᤈܰ౎Ҷࢹ௦˝˿‫ࠑڍ‬ᄉፂ฿
‫ܘ‬᫁Ὃ̴͂Ե௦᣾ࠆὋ‫ځ‬൤‫ڙ‬ፂ฿‫ݝ‬
௿ௐఆௐलᤈఝܲܰ౎Ҷࢹ௦Ժ̾ଋ
ԩᄉὋఝʹх̴͂੝̯̂ᄉࢹͺॡܲ
ௐϊ௦ளҪ‫̠ڸ‬ʿਜϡᄉnjԲܰὋੇ
‫ڍ‬ൣ‫ڙ‬ʿறଡᰳၶ̖ҦὋ‫ځ‬൤ల౎ः
Ժ̾ђ࠵ࠪܰҶᄉΙᠺnj
ᒯ̅ளሧඞὋੇ‫ڙڍ‬ኘᤤழ᭦͗
ఝ˝ːಪὋ̠ஜ˶ඊᣖ࠵njᬓ˿ፂ฿
᠇࿸ܰὋ̴͂˶ॸᮋᑞܴᚷЙੇ͂ᄉ
ᇪ͗Ὃ‫ڙ‬ᤇ᧖੦಩njృ঳ူᛪᇧὋஊ
उᑞܴူᝌ‫̠౎̠ܰࠪڍ‬ҦᄉᮎᘼὋ
Β‫ݟ‬Ὑࡂˉባ́NjੜࡓᭉයNj̓᤯઴
૗Njᇪ͗᮲චኍnjᤇ௦˓ॸᮋ૆፝‫ܪ‬
ူᄉ᫇ᮤὋͭஊउ࠱ᤈʶ൥ӜѫМඞ
֖᭣Мඞ˧ᫍᄉለѽὋࣲ᧓ԨᛠҮᎀ
ᝌܰ౎̠ҦԺᑞलԦᄉʶ̎᫇ᮤnjᤇ
̎ଏஶӉહὙ
ǁ ଍ѢԵథМඞ੥ᑞ̙థᄉ‫ڍ‬ඞన
क़‫ݑ‬ᠵ᝟Ѳ
ǁ ‫ڙ‬ల౎ࣱ஭ᠪ̢Њੰत‫ڠ‬
ᨠᎩፎ
ǁ ‫ڙ‬ఝܲߥಢ଍Ѣᄯ᤯ᢻኍᣖԩ൓
ᤀᄉាር੊᝟Ѳ
ృ঳ူ˶ुុὋलᤈளሧඞ௦ॸ
᜵ᄉὋ‫˝ځ‬᤯᣾ளሧඞὋੇ͂Ժ̾ય
ଯ̠੥NjΧᤈፂ฿Ԧࡘ̾Ԣᝌф̠ԯ
᫇ᮤnj
̴ឬὙþሧඞ౎ᒬ੔ཨ ʿՎᄉᇪ
͗Ὃၶา˷਄֖ᇪ͈͗Ϙ᜹ᡱੇ͂ᄉ
ʿࡉᄰՎὋͭᤇ௦Ժ̾Аనᄉ᫇ᮤnj
ੇ͂࠱ࡉ᧙ᴁ Ҵ̴͂ߥ˷ˀФ̴ி
Ꮕᄰ‫ܪ‬ὋࣲԟˀᇪӜาҮԲʶழ
᭦Ὃளሧඞ˶థ᝴ܲϘ३ளҪ‫ߥ̠ڸ‬
˷ᄉ‫ڠ‬ழὋΒ‫̴͂ݟ‬஗᫈Nj஗ណNj஗
ૂᄉዴᇷὋ̾Ԣයʼᤈᄉфॶ֖඄
Ҧnjÿ
ఝளᮖ࠭ࡎ
ፘ፝ᖿࠃþʻఝÿଏஶ
‫ڙ‬Ԝࣱᄉː᧗ፂ฿ӿ఺˖Ὃႂߔˉ֖ះᄉ
ҶᠪСጆԦ૘˿С᪃ͺၸὋᝧክူࡎ֖ࢹ͗Аన
˿ႂߔˉ੝᭦ࠪᄉૌੌnjԤழγథᰳऎᄉζ͉Ὃ
ᤇ௦Өүࢹ͗ˀ͌ˉᝌфѫ൧Nj᣹ᒰԤᡄழ಴ᄉ
С᪃Њገnj
úҝ঳ူЩႂߔˀႂ٧ˉࢹᐎᮎ᫇‫ށ‬տ͗˞ࣝषং᠊
षং᠊὇ࢺʻὈᛪᇧὋႂߔˉ࠱ፘ፝੆˝ளҪ‫҃ڸ‬ᤴˉᄉ˞᜵᠇࿸Ꮷnj
᳦ሑߌઐ᥊
ႂߔˀႂ٧ˉࢹԣᐎՋ ͗ ̅
ࣱత௅‫ڙ‬К‫ڍ‬ᐋࢹ঳͗˖
ॶˠᛠኃʻࡒࢹ̼͗ᛪܷ͗njᬓ˿঳
ፆ᣾Ԝࣱᄉ੆ፚ֖ӆҾࠪల౎ᄉࡘ
భὋឞࢹ͗˶‫ڙ‬ҝ঳ူЩႂߔˀႂ٧
ˉࢹԣᐎՋ ͗ᮎ᫇‫ށ‬տ͗˞ࣝषং
᠊Ὃ̾ԢጝՏࢹ̼͗ᛪNj᜹ࠢᏧNj
ҶᠪஊӨͺ͖֖ͦտࢹᄉ᜸᝼ʽὋ߸
੆˿ᮖ࠭ࡎᄉଋೡnj
ႂߔˀႂ٧ˉࢹԣᐎՋ͗Փ౎᭣
࣡ซ᧗ᮖ࠭ࡎᄉԦࡘˀఝளὋ̾ᆷγ
ࢹ͗ʿ͗ˀࢹԣᄉᭉය֖యభᑱᓫnj
‫ځ‬൤Ὃࢹ͗ʿற‫ڠ‬Ԧଇ֖ಫ۱ளᄉᮖ
16-20.indd 19
᛽nj‫ڙ‬Տࣛᮖࢹ͗ᤈЙࣱள͉
యᄉՉѫ͗ᮖ᛽˖Ὃథᄉࣱᴓͯ
̅ࡦnjࢹ͗੯ᛠူ̂͗˶ᤀ౎˿
Տளᛝnj
ࡦᄉડတጩ˜௦ʻ̋ႂߔ̍ฮ
ሒ̠థᬌМՂᄉѫ͗˞ࣝЩႂߔˀႂ
٧ˉࢹԣᐎՋ͗੯ᛠူ̂͗͗տὋ̴
ឬὙ
þ‫᧖͗ࢹڙ‬ᐪ᠆ᡐᮖ᛽ᄉ᠉͉Ὃ
ᝧੇథ఺͗‫ٿ‬ᯟᇪ͗njੇ˶ᑞఝ˿ᝌ
ࢹԣᄉᭉයὋ௃᝶᫼ጞNjࣱᴓ੊‫ڍ‬ዙὋ
˝̴͂ଡΘବүnjੇᄰζੇᑞˀࢹ͗
ጊࠚՋͺὋ˝ᇪ͗ࣛ౎ఝܲาҦnjÿ
К᭦þஇؒÿὋଡᰳၶ̖Ҧ
̾‫ࠕى‬ᢵ͊ѢࣝาҮᄉषং᠊‫ڙ‬
ᒰជௐᛪᇧὋளҪ‫࣎ڸ‬భ‫ڙ‬ల౎ࣱ
᧖Ὃ࠱ඇࣱᄉၶ̖Ҧଡᰳᒯnj
˝᣹ҁᤇ˓ᄫಕὋள੆በᄉК‫ڍ‬ၶ̖
Ҧူ̂͗ࣂᩙ߿˓ᛠˉὋэ‫ܫ‬ሤ౜
ଡӣᤇ̎ᛠˉᄉၶ̖ҦὋᏪႂߔˉൣ
௦Ф˖˧ʶnj
˝ֽःࢹᤁጷጺ֖ଡᰳၶ̖Ҧᄉ
֏ ՇὋႂߔˀႂ٧ˉ ࢹԣ ᐎՋ ͗ ੽
ឲὋ࠱੆˝ᯪ˓᤯᣾þஇؒÿଏஶᤈ
ᛠஇ᭨ᄉࢹ͗Ὃ̾ଡӣࢹ͗ᄉనҫ஌
ညnjՎௐὋࢹ͗˶ሤ౜଍Үࠑࢹ͗
МՂ‫ڙ‬ᐋ‫ࡘڣ‬धଡᰳၶ̖Ҧᄉଏஶnj
ᄫґὋࣂథࠑМՂᖿࠃఝ‫ݝ‬Njఝঋ
֖ఝథ஌ᄝ὇ኤሥþʻఝÿὈᄉଏஶ὚
ԲࠑМՂ˶᝟Ѳ‫ڙ‬ʿˣᄉ࠱౎ࡘध
þʻఝÿᮉᄫnj
ႂߔˀႂ٧ˉࢹԣᐎՋ͗͗᫁ౣ
ழᲲឬὙ
þࣱ̬ᄉФ˖ʶ˓᧗ཁ௦ᖿ
ࠃþʻఝÿଏஶὋӨүМՂଡᰳၶ̖
ҦὋᝧࢹԣ̙థఝᰳᄉᘠ᧚njੇ͂˶
࠱ᴁ ҴМՂؒҪѽၸК‫ڍ‬ᐋࢹ঳͗
ѷ଍ѢᄉʹளЊ‫ܘ‬᫁ˀՎ৻᝟
Ѳnjࢹ͗ࣂథˏࠑМՂ̯˖ᖌᄝnjÿ
ԲܰὋႂߔˀႂ٧ˉࢹԣᐎՋ͗‫ڙ‬
ܷ͗ʼὋᮑԦን႔͖ͦ‫ݑ‬ፋ˓ክူ
ࡎ͖ͦὋ̾ᐯ߿̴͂‫ڙ‬տࢹለѽ֖۱
ᝪኍழ᭦ᄉҰҦnj
9/2/10 2:40:09 PM
‫͈׫‬D].*$"1
ࣱత௅
ᐋ঳ֆઐ
঳ူὙҶᠪஊ̈ζ
ᆀయЮӐᝌӿ఺
ፂ࣡థ‫ࠑڍ‬ឯᐋ঳ѫ̙ளҪ‫ڸ‬
ᄉҶᠪஊӨͺጆፑ௦‫ʹݟ‬ᤁͺᄉὋ̴
͂˶᝴ᑞܴ˿ᝌὋͭలॸᑞཱϡnjʶ
Տ̍ฮ‫ࠑڍ‬ᄉࢹ̠͗‫ੇࠪܢ‬ឬüథమ
ʶ௅ὋॆੇᄉஊउϷ;͂ᥦಧᤁͺὋ
ੇᄉࢹ͗˶͗Ϸᐋ঳ʶಧýnj
᳦ሑߌઐ᥊὎౉ܷ᤯୉ॕ
ளҪ‫ڸ‬ፂ฿‫ڙ‬᭦˙ː᧗ᄉፂ฿ӿ఺Ր᣽ᤳԨ३ुҵ‫ٿ‬
ीὋృ௬ᴜ঳ူᐯ߿˿ᓡ‫ݝ‬ҶᠪஊӨͺ‫ڙ‬ӿ఺˖੝ᡐᄉͺ
ၸnj
ృ௬ᴜ঳ူࣱ̅త௅‫ڙ‬ளҪ‫ڍڸ‬በܷߥ஠Ӑ
˖ॶˠᛠᄉ‫ࣻڍ‬Ꮕ͔ܷ͗ʼᛪᇧὋளҪ‫ڸ‬ᄉፂ฿‫ܬ‬ᔙᛪ
ဗඊᮔయ˖ᄉ‫ݝ‬ὋளҪ‫̠ڸ‬Ժᮔయఝᰳᄉᘠ᧚֖ᔈጙὋᤇ
᜵ॅҩ̅ࢹ͗Njࢹ̠Njᬷ˞֖ஊउՉழ᭦ᄉ̶Ѣnj
К‫ڍ‬ᐋࢹ঳͗̅తҁ௅ЮၦԟҪ‫ڍ‬ᬄҶࢹܷ͗ௐὋԩ
ᥘѫ̙˿ளҪ‫ڙʹݟڸ‬ᆀௐᫍЮԨ३ፂ฿‫ܬ‬ᔙὋलᡐ˿ॡ
ܷᄉ‫ֽٿ‬njˀ͗Ꮷॡ‫݈ݝ‬Ὃੇ‫ʹݟڍ‬ᠪүବүᦠ‫ݒ‬Ὃ̾Ԣ
‫͗ࢹڙʹݟ‬ˀᬷ˞˧ᫍतበζ͉ˀζॶnjృ঳ူૈѢὋᤇ
ൣ௦ੇ‫ڍ‬ᄉ͕ҸὙੇ͂᝹በϱ‫᧚ܫ‬Ὃలᭀ፨᎖Ὃࣲ᫁యत
በҶᠪஊᄉ̈ζСጆnj
ଡᰳၶ̖Ҧ̠̠థ᠉
ᙉཨࣱ̬ᄉፂ฿ᮔ᝟࠱‫ܘ‬᫁Ὃͭృ঳ူଡᧇ
‫̠ڍ‬Ὃੇ‫ڍ‬ʿԺᑞ᫁యԨ३ᤇಧᄉ‫ࣧܘ‬nj‫ځ‬൤Ὃ‫̠ڍ‬Ԝࣱ
ϡѢᄉྲྯ‫ڌ‬ཨःឞ३ҁᐯ߿Ὃͭ˶ʿ᜵কథ᣾̅ʿѬࠃ
úృ௬ᴜ঳ူ
ᬄᄉయభnjఝ᧗᜵ᄉ௦Ὃੇ͂ॸᮋ፤૆ባ́ҦὋᘠ᧚ጆፑ
˶ॸᮋ༦าὋ̾ᆷγፂ฿૆፝‫ܘ‬᫁nj
ృ঳ူᛪᇧὋ᜵ᆷγ‫ˉˬࡏ߶̠ڍ‬Ὃʽʶ̼઴థЏ௙ᄉ
ґ᤬Ὃࡂॸᮋଡᰳၶ̖ҦὋᏪᤇᭉ᜵ҶᠪஊʻழᄉРՎҰ
Ҧnjʿ᣾Ὃଡᰳၶ̖ҦὋࣲʿኍ̅ढ᫁ࢹͺௐᫍ੊ҏђտ
ࢹὋᏪ௦੼Ѣఝథ஌NĵӦҩυᄉࢹͺழกnj
̴ૈѢὋ᜵ଡᰳၶ̖ҦὋ੝థ̠ᦏॸᮋʿறߥ˷֖ᒬੇ
ଡӣὋ‫ܘ‬Ҫੇ͂ᄉ͈Ϙ֖᠇࿸nj‫ݟ‬൤ʶ౎ὋளҪ‫ڸ‬੥ᑞፘ
፝γ૆ባ́ҦὋੇ͂ᄉ͌ˉ੥ᑞᛪဗ͕ऩὋࢹ̠˶ᑞஇؒ
ၶาnj
ࠪ൤ὋளҪ‫ࣉڸ‬Ӝ᧗तࡌࢹԣᐎՋ͗͗᫁ౣ‫ى‬௯ᛪᇧ
ᡁՎὋ̴ឬὙ
þ঳ူ᧗ႁ˿ҶҮ᫲͏૆፝ଡӣᅻខ֖੾ᑞ
ᄉ᧗᜵nj‫ڙ‬ᤇ˓ባ́༎ཉᄉˆႌὋ૆፝ஓᐱ֖ጻᢵߥ˷௦
᣿ՓᎾ‫ݝ‬ၶาᄉࢹХnjੇ͂᜵ၶߚNj᜵γ૆ࡂˉὋࡂʿᑞ
‫ߵڌ‬ဗ࿃੊ઇધஇԪnjÿ
ளҪ‫ڸ‬ዴᇷၶၶʿো
ృ௬ᴜ঳ူ‫ࣻڍڙ‬Ꮕ͔ܷ͗ʼૈѢὙþᒬ࿗በ̾౎Ὃੇ͂
ʶᄯ‫ڙ‬ᤜයᤈ൥ὋԨ३̠̽ᅬᄫᄉ੆ࡂὋ΍ளҪ‫ڸ‬ᡄ३࢓ᰳᄉ
‫ڍ‬ᬄ‫ܥ‬᝗njੇ͂˧੝̾੆ҩὋణС᪃ᄉማ᝻௦ੇ͂࿗థᄉளҪ
‫ڸ‬ዴᇷ‫ڃ‬ፆՋͺNjʿঢᓢᬱNjူఄ౦றὋࣲ˄ᝧКඞѫ̙ፂ
฿੆౦njੇ࣎భܷࠑፘ፝ԦੳᤇሗளҪ‫ڸ‬ዴᇷὋʶᡐАనՉ
ሗૌੌὋ΍ੇ͂ᤇ˓࠴ጙཁፘ፝ԦЏԦ̜njÿ
16-20.indd 20
̴࣎భੇ‫ઁڍ‬ளҪ‫ڸ‬ዴᇷ͛ፋʽʶ̼ᄉՎௐὋ˶ः៞᝭Ў
ᣛᄉ᧗ܷ᠇࿸Ὃ̾Ԣ̴͂त‫ڍ‬ᄉူਆὋፘ፝þʿѫሗிNjᝒឥNj
߼ஓὋ‫ڃ‬ፆʶᒰÿὋࣲ᤟ॆ‫ڠ‬ጡএध‫ڍ‬ЊҼnj˝൤Ὃஊउф߿࠱
ளҪ‫ૈڸ‬૘ˀԟែߥᬒ࠱௛Տ˝իࣻ။ૈ૘ˀԟែߥᬒnjᏪ
ஓᐱᦉ঳ᦉஷᄉளܷԗ˶࠱֐Տ˝իࣻ။ஓᐱ˖ॶὋ̾ᠪጡএ
ࠪੇ‫ڍڍ‬᫸֖ஓᐱኍழ᭦ϡѢࢼܷ᠇࿸ᄉիࣻ။ӯ‫ܢ‬nj
ኃ
ᮅ
ృ௬ᴜ঳ူ
‫ࣻڍ‬Ꮕ͔ܷ͗
ଡᰳၶ̖ҦὋ
ܰ౎տࢹ࠵ʿ˿
9/2/10 2:40:18 PM