in focus OGOS.indd - Forest Research Institute Malaysia

Focus article
FLOORING FROM LESSER-KNOWN TIMBERS
Puad Elham & Hashim W Samsi
[email protected]
Best Innovation Award 2011 team members (second, fourth and fifth from left), Jalali, Hashim and Puad during FRIM Innovation Day
Non-popular or lesser-known timber species
in Malaysia are available in the form of mixed
species or ‘chap-char’ as it is known in Chinese.
Veneers of these timbers are mainly used for
plywood manufacturing and it is difficult to
ascertain their identities since they are mixed
and sold in packages. Their usage is also further
restricted by the timber availability.
In expanding its potential usage, lesserknown timber species have been used for
manufacturing of engineered floorings. Peeled
veneers are coated with finishing for making
floorings that are stronger, durable and longlasting. The engineered flooring technology
using a new process was developed by Forest
Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) to provide
another utilisation opportunity for the woodbased industry.
thus increases the aesthetic and economic values
of lesser-known timber besides assisting in the
sustainable use of timber resources.
The engineered flooring is also a green product
that is safe, cost-effective, and offers superior
wear and comfort. The flooring exceeds the
standard requirements, is dimensionally stable
and able to withstand extremely low humidity
conditions.
The lesser-known timber species flooring won the
Best Innovation Award during FRIM Innovation
Day 2011. The research team was headed by
Hashim W Samsi with members including Puad
Elham and Jalali Salleh.
ABOUT THE MAIN AUTHOR
Puad Elham is a senior research officer at the Bioenergy
Programme of the Forest Products Division, FRIM. He holds
both the BSc and MSc degrees from Universiti Putra Malaysia.
His expertise is on bioenergy R&D. His articles in
September 2009 was on oil palm plywood, and producing
bioethanol, bio-oil and biodiesel from biomass.
The engineered flooring is an innovation
developed for the medium and high-end markets
that diversifies utilisation of forest resources,
reduces wastage and relieves pressure on the
demand for commercial timber species. The
flooring boasts of a distinctive grain pattern,
Editorial
Board
Advisors
Dato’ Dr Abdul Latif Mohmod
Dr Mohamed Nor Mohd Yusoff
Technical Editor
Norhara Hussein
Editor & Writer
Ida Suraini Abd Shukor
FRIM in Focus (FIF) is distributed free of charge upon request. We welcome feedback on any of the FIF articles.
Address comments and enquiries to:
The Editor & Writer of FRIM In Focus
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
52109 Kepong, Selangor DE, Malaysia
Telephone : 603-6279 7501 | Facsimile : 603-6273 1076
E-mail : [email protected] | Website : www.frim.gov.my
Design & Printing : Concept Press Sdn Bhd
Cover photos: Flooring from lesser-known timbers (below) and samples of E-PaWV wood (top left) as seen at
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) booth during the Malaysian International Furniture Fair 2012
2
Focus article
IMPROVED PAPER FROM OLD
CORRUGATED CARTONS
Dr Rushdan Ibrahim
[email protected]
Recycled papers are important raw material source for the
Malaysian paper industry. Ninety-five percent of paper wastes
are utilised as the main raw material in as many as 20 paper
mills in Malaysia. Amongst the recyclable paper grades, old
corrugated cartons have the highest recycling recovery rate of
65% making it the most predominant fibre source for paper and
paperboard production.
Old corrugated cartons however, have lower paper strength
compared to virgin pulp. At paper mills, the strength of
recycled fibres is restored by refining and blending the fibres
with imported virgin softwood pulp. Nevertheless, refining of
recycled fibres slows down the drainage of pulp during paper
forming process. Imported virgin pulp is also expensive thus
prompting the government to reduce its import.
Although kenaf was identified as one of the potential sources of
pulp fibres for papermaking, little information is available on the
utilisation of locally planted kenaf whole stem. As such, Forest
Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) conducted an innovative
research on utilising kenaf whole stem pulp as opposed to
imported virgin pulp as strengthening agent. The research won
the Silver Medal during Malaysia Technology Expo (MTE) 2011.
Kenaf plants at a plantation at Jeram Pasu,
Kelantan
Blending virgin pulp with old corrugated cartons helps improve
the strength of the latter. Virgin pulps of recombined kenaf low
kappa showed the highest improvement and are comparable to
softwood pulp. Beaten low kappa kenaf and recombined high
kappa kenaf have the same effects on recycled fibres properties
(kappa number is an assessment of how much lignin is present
in pulp).
The usage of locally grown kenaf as strengthening material may
assist in reducing the industry’s dependence on virgin wood
pulp. Virgin softwood pulp can now be substituted with kenaf
whole stem pulp with favourable properties thus, reducing the
cost of importing fibres.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Dr Rushdan Ibrahim is a Senior Research Officer at the Pulp and Paper Programme,
FRIM. He obtained his PhD in Paper Science from University of Manchester, UK; MSc
in Wood Industrial Technology from Universiti Putra Malaysia and BSc in Forestry
from University of Montana, USA. His specialisation is on pulp and paper. He has
written articles on making craft paper, recycled paper and moulded products in
September 2009.
Drying kenaf chips for storage prior to pulping
Kenaf paper samples at the laboratory
3
Focus article
FUEL PELLETS
FROM RICE STRAWS
Puad Elham
[email protected]
Rice straws are agricultural by-products comprising
dry stalks of paddy plants and chaffs left behind after
harvesting the rice grains. Rice straws are commonly
disposed by open burning which inevitably causes air
pollution.
1
a substitute for fuel wood. The pellets which are
uniformed in size provide ease of transport and
storage and consumers may be assured of their
quality.
Putting rice straw residues to use is often difficult
due to storage and handling problems, in addition to
its low thermal efficiency output. As such, rice straw
pellets or solid fuel making is an attractive solution in
producing another source of renewable energy for
the future.
Compacted rice straws can be converted into solid
fuel pellets which are an alternative to fuel wood.
Since rice straws are by-products and available in
abundance, this will reduce the cost of fuel pellet
manufacturing. Furthermore, by creating a demand
for rice straws, their disposal by open burning could
be greatly reduced.
By generating the fuel pellets from straws, Forest
Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) fulfilled its twofold objective of utilising cheap agricultural byproduct material and producing high combustion
efficiency pellets. The method of producing higher
calorific value fuel pellets from rice straw is also
possible by using dry rice straw.
Pellets are products of compressed rice straws. The
crusher machine produces uniformed mass which
is fed to a press that squeezes the mass through
holes of a required size. Two types of pelletisers are
available namely the ring matrix press and the disc
matrix press. The pellets are sized at 6 to 10 mm in
diameter with a length of less than 25 mm.
The high pressure press causes the wood
temperature to increase greatly, slightly plasticising
the lignin to form a natural glue-like substance that
holds a single pellet together as it cools. The pellets
produced are resistant to mechanical disintegration
and are between 1000 and 1200 kg/m3 in density.
In the long run, converting rice straws into pellets
may assist in reducing deforestation by providing
4
2
1.
2.
Rice straw for pellet production
Rice straw pellets
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Puad Elham is a senior research officer at the Bioenergy Programme
of the Forest Products Division, FRIM. He holds both the BSc and
MSc degrees from Universiti Putra Malaysia. His expertise is on
bioenergy R&D. His articles in
, September 2009 was
on oil palm plywood, and producing bioethanol, bio-oil and biodiesel
from biomass.
Focus article
COMPOSITE PELLETS FROM PLASTICS
AND OIL PALM RESIDUES
Dr Wan Asma Ibrahim, Assoc Prof Dr Zulkafli Hassan & Joharizal Johari
[email protected]
Municipal solid waste
plastics (MSW)
Grinding
Drying
Pelletising
Compounding
Empty fruit bunches (EFB)
fibres
QC
USD100 per tonne. Energy contribution from fuel
pellets could be minimised through co-processing
it with plastics from municipal solid wastes.
The composite pellets from the combination
of plastics wastes and empty fruit bunches
were designed to generate energy via recycling
of biomass residues. The pellets have better
properties namely higher net calorific value,
better heat retention, longer burning time and
cleaner combustion compared to fuel wood.
Composite pellets
Up to 162 thousand tonnes of municipal solid wastes
are produced daily in Malaysia. Plastic wastes comprise
24% of total wastes generated from a consumption
rate of approximately 47 tonnes and a disposal rate of
5% or 2.5 tonnes daily. In addition to municipal wastes,
the country also actively generates biomass materials
being the world second largest producer of palm oil.
Oil palm empty fruit bunches are produced around
the clock and are the most abundant biomass with
a total amount of 17.5 million tonnes generated
annually. Various options have been considered for this
important biomass including conversion into valueadded products, alternatives to wood, for pulp and
paper and for energy.
In the export market for energy, fuel pellets with a
calorific value of 17 MJ/kg could fetch a minimal cost of
Besides having a higher energy content of
between 27–35 MJ/kg, the composite pellets
obtained are high in fixed carbon and low in ash
compared to single component fuel pellets from
empty fruit bunches or sawdust. With those
favourable properties, composite pellets could
be an attractive option for recycling of municipal
solid waste plastics and oil palm biomass for
renewable energy production.
ABOUT THE MAIN AUTHOR
Dr Wan Asma Ibrahim is the head of the Bioenergy Programme of the
Forest Products Division, FRIM. She obtained her MSc in Chemistry
from University of Missouri-Rolla and PhD in Soil Chemistry from
Universiti Putra Malaysia. Her area of expertise is on biomass
utilisation and she has co-written three articles in
September 2009 on bioethanol, bio-oil and biodiesel from biomass
materials respectively.
5
Focus article
BUILDING HOUSES USING
YOUNG Acacia mangium?
Dr Wan Tarmeze Wan Ariffin
[email protected]
1
2
soaked in a hot water bath at 60oC for six hours. After
heating, the logs are passed through a roller press that
partially crushes them. Further pressing flattens the log
into a loose mat of long inter-connected fibre strands
that is approximately 6.4 mm thick and
2.3 m long. This loose mat is called scrim that is a textile
term for loosely woven. The scrim mats are then dried,
applied with commercial resin (such as PF that is able
to survive b-stage drying diluted to 12% solids content)
and re-dried before they are laid up in a mould. The
collated scrim mats are then steam-pressed into billets
that can be made as huge as 6” x 48” x 48’.
The Acacia mangium scrim lumber, codenamed
MYScrim-acacia is the fourth engineered lumber
developed by Forest Research Institute Malaysia
(FRIM) after the MYScrim-OPT (oil palm trunk—patent
pending PI20084309), MYScrim-coconut and MYScrimbambuseae (using crushed and dismantled bamboo
sticks—patent pending UI20090513). The MYScrim
Flagship Project of FRIM has been collaborating with
Timtek LLC (an American-based company that owns
the SPSL patent rights worldwide) since January 2009
to develop MYScrim engineered lumbers using local
tree species that are abundantly available and can be
planted successfully.
3
Using five-year-old A. mangium to build houses? How
could it be possible? With density of about 500 kg/m3,
stiffness of below 7000 MPa and strength under 80 MPa,
the five-year-old A. mangium is by no means a structural
timber, nor to build houses. Timbers of grades 1.0E in
North America and C14 in European Union countries
which represent the stiffness of 7000 to 8000 MPa are
already considered the lowest grade by the construction
industry. As such, how can young timber be made
suitable for building houses?
Steam Pressed Scrim Lumber or SPSL is the latest
engineered lumber manufacturing technology. The
process begins with debarked logs of young (three to
five year-old) A. mangium (4 to 6 inches in diameter)
6
The first MYScrim acacia beam, 2” x 12” x 20’ in
dimensions, pressed using SPSL facility in Timtek Pilot
Plant located in Mississippi State University, has a
density of 830 kg/m3 and stiffness of 11,720 MPa. By
virtue, these properties have already enabled MYScrimacacia to be used as various components in a house
structure.
1.
2.
3.
20-foot-long MYScrim-acacia beam just coming out
from the steam press machine
A. mangium logs measuring 4 to 6 inches
A young Acacia mangium tree
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Dr Wan Tarmeze completed his PhD in the field of computational
engineering with his work on Numerical Analysis of Laminated
Bamboo Strip Lumber (LBSL). In July 2007, he invented POPS Lumber
(Patent No. MY-144683-A), an engineered lumber made from clipped
oil palm trunk veneers that nine months later earned him WIPO Best
Inventor award at the Geneva Invention Exposition 2008. He is also
leading the R&D task force for MYScrim Flagship Project.
Focus article
E-PAWV—INOVASI
DARIPADA KAYU PALMA
Abdul Hamid Saleh, Yanti Abdul Kadir, Dato’ Dr Marzalina
Mansor & Khairul Masseat
[email protected]
1
Reka cipta Engineered Palm Wood Venner
(E-PaWV) atau venir kayu palma terjurutera
dihasilkan menggunakan venir batang pokok palma
yang dibentuk mengikut acuan tertentu. Perabot
seperti kerusi dan meja yang telah dihasilkan adalah
melalui kajian terhadap batang kelapa sawit dan
batang kelapa.
Inovasi E-PaWV telah menerima anugerah di
pertandingan-pertandingan inovasi seperti
International Technology Expo (ITEX) 2012,
Pertandingan Festival Sains Negeri Selangor 2010
dan Pertandingan Ideasi, Inovasi dan Design
UITM 2010. Reka cipta ini juga turut memenangi
Anugerah Penyelidikan Terbaik Institut Penyelidikan
Perhutanan Malaysia (FRIM) 2012.
Teknologi E-PaWV yang mengaplikasikan tekanan
panas dan frekuensi tinggi merupakan satu-satunya
teknologi yang mengitar semula bahan mentah
daripada sisa batang palma. Perabot daripada kayu
palma juga adalah unik kerana menampilkan corak
‘tiger grain’ yang menarik. Di samping itu, perabot
kayu palma ini turut diuji di makmal Ujian Perabot
FRIM dan telah mencapai standard BS 4875-1:2007
dan BSEN 1022:2005 yang diiktiraf oleh Furniture
Industry Research Association (FIRA).
2
kawasan pembuangan sisa batang palma sekali
gus mengurangkan penggunaan racun kimia dan
membantu mengelakkan pencemaran alam.
Inovasi E-PaWV kini telah memasuki fasa prakomersial berikutan perjanjian yang dimeterai
pada 30 Mac 2012 antara FRIM dan Syarikat
Sasabina Recreation Industries Sdn Bhd. Produk
E-PaWV dengan paten PI2011001900 juga telah
diperkenalkan di pameran perabot antarabangsa
di Doha Qatar pada 28 April hingga 3 Mei 2012 di
samping beberapa lagi pameran tempatan. Produk
ini juga telah menerima reaksi positif daripada
pelanggan di pameran-pameran tersebut.
1.
2.
Ahli-ahli projek E-PaWV dan pengiktirafan yang
diterima oleh inovasi tersebut
Sampel kerusi daripada teknologi E-PaWV
TENTANG PENULIS UTAMA
Abdul Hamid Saleh ialah Ketua Unit Reka Bentuk Perabot, Bahagian
Keluaran Hutan, FRIM. Beliau berpengalaman selama 21 tahun
dalam bidang penyelidikan. Beliau memperoleh BA dalam bidang
Kejuruteraan Reka Bentuk Industri, BSc dalam bidang Teknologi
Perabot, MSc dalam bidang bahan mentah dan reka bentuk kayu, dari
Universiti Institut Teknologi Malaysia (UiTM). Bidang kepakaran beliau
ialah bahan mentah, reka bentuk produk, teknologi perabot, ergonomik
dan anthropometrik serta CAD.
Penggunaan secara meluas teknologi ini berupaya
mengurangkan aktiviti pembakaran terbuka di
7
News article
THE NAME IN SCIENCE
12 Julai 2012, Dublin City Hall, Dublin, Ireland. Ketua Pengarah Institut
Penyelidikan Perhutanan (FRIM), Dato’ Dr Abdul Latif Mohmod
telah menerima anugerah ‘The Name in Science’ bagi kategori “For
Contribution to World Science”. Anugerah tersebut disampaikan
bersempena EuroScience Open Forum (ESOF 2012).
Pengiktirafan ‘The Name in Science’ ini dianugerahkan kepada komuniti
sains, pihak berkuasa, organisasi awam, struktur perniagaan, saintis, ahli
politik dan tokoh masyarakat sebagai penghargaan atas sumbangan
atau pencapaian cemerlang dalam memartabatkan penyelidikan sains.
Pemilihan ini telah dilakukan oleh Jawatankuasa Pencalonan Socrates,
The Europe Business Assembly (EBA), Kelab Rektors Eropah (CRE) dan
Kelab Pemimpin Antarabangsa (ICL) serta organisasi-organisasi bebas
yang menggalakkan pembangunan dan pengurusan ekonomi, sosial dan
kerjasama kemanusiaan.
‘MALAYSIA BOOK
OF RECORDS’
Sijil Malaysia Book of Records bagi koleksi klon jati yang terbesar di
Malaysia (kiri) dan pemandangan di ladang jati di SPF Mata Ayer, Perlis
(kanan)
14 Jun 2012, Stesen Penyelidikan Institut Penyelidikan Perhutanan
Malaysia (FRIM) Mata Ayer, Perlis. FRIM menerima satu lagi
pengiktirafan Malaysia Book of Records bagi koleksi klon jati
yang terbesar di Malaysia sempena perasmian infrastruktur
kemudahan eko-pelancongan di Stesen Penyelidikan FRIM (SPF)
Mata Ayer oleh Raja Perlis DYMM Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin Syed
Putra Jamalullail.
Bagi menandakan upacara khas ini, Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin telah
menanam anak pokok Shorea roxburghii (meranti temak nipis)
manakala DYTM Tuanku Syed Faizuddin menanam Hopea ferrea
(giam malut).
8
Abdul Latif Mohmod (tengah) dengan sijil
diploma serta selempang ‘The Name in Science’
HARI INI DALAM
SEJARAH
Abdul Latif Mohmod bersama
geran hak milik tetap FRIM
4 Julai 2012, Gombak, Selangor.
Institut Penyelidikan Perhutanan
(FRIM) telah menerima
geran hak milik tetap bagi
kampusnya yang merangkumi
lot-lot 64718, 64710 dan 64704
di bawah Syarat-Syarat Nyata:
Penyelidikan dan Pembangunan
Sumber dari Pejabat Tanah
Gombak.
News article
PENGHARGAAN UNTUK
EKOPELANCONGAN
Norhayati Nordin,
Ketua Pengurusan
Korporat FRIM
bersama-sama surat
penghargaan yang
diterima oleh FRIM
8 Julai 2012, Hotel De Palma, Shah Alam. Institut
Penyelidikan Perhutanan (FRIM) telah menerima
surat penghargaan untuk ekopelancongan dalam
Majlis Appresiasi Pelancongan Selangor 2012 yang
telah dirasmikan oleh Menteri Besar Selangor, Tan
Sri Abdul Khalid Ibrahim.
TECHNICAL SERVICES
PULP AND PAPER
Craft papers from banana stem,
pineapple leaf and rice straw
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) provides
consultancy, technical services and conducts
courses on pulp and paper technology. FRIM
possess expertise in:
Majlis anjuran bersama Jawatankuasa
Pelancongan Negeri Selangor dan Tourism
Selangor Sdn Bhd ini bertujuan menghargai
pihak-pihak yang banyak membantu
perkembangan industri pelancongan Selangor.
1. Establishing chemical properties of wood and nonwood bio-resources for cellulose, hemicellulose
lignin and extractives
2. Pulping processes including mechanical, chemical,
chemi-mechanical and bio-pulping
3. Paper bleaching processes including conventional,
elementary chlorine-free (EFC) and bio-bleaching
4. Papermaking for circular shaped papers, squareshaped papers and handmade craft papers
5. Paper testing for physical, mechanical and optical
properties
Panel penilai bagi anugerah tersebut terdiri
daripada Kerajaan Negeri Selangor, Persatuan
Pelancongan dan Pengembaraan Malaysia
(MATTA), Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan (PBT),
Tourism Malaysia dan Tourism Selangor.
Further enquiries contact:
Dr Rushdan Ibrahim / Mahmudin Saleh / Zaitun Said
Telephone: 603-6279 7314 / 7316 / 7293
Fax: 603-6280 4620
E-mail: [email protected] / [email protected] /
[email protected]
ANUGERAH PERSATUAN
BADAN BERKANUN
MALAYSIA 2012
23 Jun 2012, Hotel Awana Porto Malai, Langkawi,
Kedah. Institut Penyelidikan Perhutanan (FRIM) telah
menerima Anugerah Badan Berkanun bagi Kategori
Penyelidikan bagi tahun 2012 daripada Persatuan
Badan Berkanun Malaysia (PBBM). Anugerah ini telah
disampaikan oleh Tun Dato’ Sri Dr Ahmad Fairuz
Dato’ Sheikh Abdul Halim, Pro-Canselor Universiti
Utara Malaysia kepada Ketua Pengarah FRIM, Dato’
Dr Abdul Latif Mohmod sempena Mesyuarat Agung
Persatuan Badan Berkanun Malaysia ke-29.
Piala Penghargaan
Keahlian Melebihi
20 tahun (kiri) serta
Anugerah Badan
Berkanun (kanan)
yang diterima oleh
FRIM
9
Biodiversity article
Heosemys spinosa—A DURIANLIKE TURTLE
Mohammad Shahfiz Azman
[email protected]
Mistaken for a durian
but ‘the fruit’ is actually a turtle
The spiny hill turtle found during one of the writer’s trekking journeys
Malaysia is popularly known as one of the rich
biodiversity countries both for its flora and
fauna. Of these, there are certain species that are
endemic to Malaysia or having a unique feature,
for instance the grotesque looking long- nosed
orang Belanda or commonly known as the
proboscis monkey, Nasalis larvatus. In addition
to unique mammals there is a turtle species with
conspicuous spines on its shell which appears like
the local durian, known as the spiny hill turtle.
The spiny hill turtle can be easily recognised by
the spiny protrusions on its shell. These spines are
clearly seen during the juvenile stage and as the
turtle grows the marginal spines disappear leaving
serrations confined to the front and back parts
of the shell. Spines of young turtles will also turn
brown as the reptile grows older. Other features
of this reptile are their limbs which are grayish
brown with an occasional yellow spot behind the
eye. The adult weighs from 1.5–2.0 kg.
This turtle is commonly found both at lowland and
hill forests. It prefers clear rainforest streams at
altitudes from 170 up to 100 m where it frequently
10
Young turtle is usually found on forest floor
wanders on cool, humid, and shaded grounds. It
often hides under plant debris or clumps of grass.
Young spiny hill turtles may be more terrestrial than
adults. The spiny hill turtle can be found from the
southern Myanmar through Thailand, Peninsular
Malaysia and Singapore to the islands of Sumatra,
Borneo and the Natunas (in Indonesia), to the Sulu
Archipelago and Mindanao (in the Philippines).
Indigenous people of West Malaysia have been
known to eat the flesh of this species. The species
is endangered because of deforestation in addition
to being collected for pet. This species should be
protected. It should not be taken as pet or eaten by
exotic food lovers.
Photos: Mohd Hairul Mohd Amin
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Mohammad Shahfiz Azman is the Head of Zoology Branch, Forest
Biodiversity Division, FRIM. His area of expertise is in small
mammals where he has written several articles about the common
tree shrew, squirrel and mammals at Mata Ayer FRIM Research
December 2010 and September 2011
Station in
respectively.
Forestry article
The 1978 photograph reproduced here shows
Peter Burgess (left) with the late John WyattSmith (right) who was himself an outstanding
personality in Malayan forestry
PETER BURGESS LAST OF THE COLONIAL
FORESTERS OF MALAYSIA
Dr Francis SP Ng
[email protected]
Peter Frederick Burgess passed away in England on 9
January 2012 at the age of 87 years. He was the last of
the British colonial foresters who had served in what
was then British Malaya.
Burgess obtained his BSc (Forestry) degree in Wales
and his Diploma in Forestry in Oxford University. He
was appointed Probationary Assistant Conservator
of Forests in Malaya in 1946, just after the restoration
of British rule following the Japanese Surrender. He
was posted as District Forest Officer (DFO) to Johore
South (Johore Bahru) in 1949, followed by Johore
North (Kluang) in 1950, and Ulu Kelantan (Kuala
Krai) from 1951 to 1953. After taking home leave, he
returned to Ulu Kelantan and served from 1955 to
June 1956 when he was transferred to British North
Borneo (now Sabah). In British North Borneo, Burgess
was Deputy Conservator of Forests from 1956 until he
retired in 1965.
Burgess published three articles in the Malayan
Forester in which he vividly described some of his
Malayan experiences. Jungle and river (Malayan
Forester 9, 1947) gives his impressions of the Krau
Game Reserve in Pahang. Monsoon and bandits
(Malayan Forester 13, 1950) describes a forest
expedition with an armed police escort in Johore
during the Malayan Emergency when Communist
guerrillas were at war with the Government. Some
elephant and tiger shooting experiences (Malayan
Forester 17, 1954) describes his experiences as a big
game hunter. In one episode he almost died from a
savage attack by hornets just after he had shot an
elephant. After running for his life with the hornets
chasing him, he stumbled into an estate where the
clinic attendants removed 50 stings from his face
and neck. He was sick for days afterwards.
After 1965, Burgess was Forestry Officer of Norfolk
County Council in England. He then returned
to Malaysia and served six years in the Forest
Research Institute (FRI) Kepong under the Colombo
Plan Development Programme from 1967 to 1973
as a silviculturist for hill forests. This resulted in FRI
Research Pamphlet No 66 (1975): “Silviculture in the
Hill Forests of the Malay Peninsula”.
Burgess was Manager of the Bt Ibam logging and
sawmilling operation from 1977 to 1980. Other
consultancies took him to Iran, Philippines and
Indonesia. Between overseas assignments he
managed his apple farm in Suffolk.
Those who knew him remember Peter Burgess as a
soft-spoken and ever-helpful gentleman. He leaves
behind his wife Anna and three daughters, to whom
we extend our thanks for Peter’s sterling services
to tropical forestry and to Malaysia.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Dr Francis Ng joined FRIM in 1964 as Forest Botanist and retired in
1990 as its Deputy Director-General. He got to know Peter Burgess
when Peter was attached to FRIM as Hill Silviculturist.
11
EAS Strategic Options
INFORMAL TRADE: LOOKING BEYOND THE TREES
ISSUE
Informal and regional timber trades are commonly
understood and primarily viewed as domestic trade.
The development of these informal and regional
trades is not only fueled by factors such as the
dynamics of economic growth and local livelihoods,
and the globalisation and increasing interdependence
of economies, but also the weakening of the states,
and institutions in the less developed countries. There
are increasing indications and analyses, showing the
growth and the extent of the informal trades beyond
national borders, either for chainsaw milled (primary)
or processed timbers
Regional informal timber trades in Asia (Indonesia,
Philippines, Vietnam and South China) and in
Africa (Cameroon, Nigeria, Niger, Chad, Sudan and
Ghana) are becoming abundant reflecting similar
developments as in agricultural products.
PROBLEM/ OPPORTUNITY
Increasing attention on unregulated forest products
trades appears to be parallel to the increasing
concerns on the sustainability of the timber resources.
Conversely many international dialogues on forest
resources sustainability, as well as local livelihoods
12
and trade address the issues in state and formal
institutional levels. The numerous protocols
and actions such as Forest Law Enforcement,
Governance and Trade (FLEGT), Reducing
Emissions from Deforestation and Forest
Degradation (REDD+) and Clean Development
Mechanism (CDM) either ignore the growth
of these informal and undocumented regional
timber trade, or categorise them as illegal timber
trade and institutional reinforcement issues.
Nevertheless, as indicated by the growing
literature on these markets, the regional
informal trades are mostly not caused by crime
or corrupted governments, but are the result
of traditional network trades tackling the local
livelihoods. Traditions, ethnic networks and
small units of transportation and transformation
are the only weapons assisting local people in
less developed and remote areas. The ethnic
networks of Haoussa, Bamileke and Aladji traders
in Africa, or Bugis, Indian and Chinese traders
in Asia are legal when they trade onions and
vegetables, but are deemed illegal when they
trade timber. Why do onion and cassava informal
trades deserve incentives and training, while
informal timber trade generates trade barriers?
EAS Strategic Options
The two problems here are the perspective we use,
and how to tackle development in remote areas.
REDD, CDM and FLEGT contain elements of local
development and poverty eradication. But consider
the cost of organising a FLEGT conference in Kuala
Lumpur, including accommodation, air travel and
salaries of participants which are equivalent to
building a kampung school in Sabah or Sarawak
and the salary of teachers for up to two years of
service. The issue here is not the reallocation of
resources or the replacement of conferences but
rather is the readjustment of the perspective.
Measuring timber prior to delivery
OPTIONS
Beyond the trees which are seen as the shortterm conferences and actions, lies the forest
which are the long-term commitment comprising
small actions of high impact. Given training and
education, it is not impossible that people of less
developed and remote areas who today are the
main proponents of informal timber trades would
change their ways.They would still trade timber
but preferably in a more sustainable way thus
able to link between trade and the environmental
impacts. Actions have to start at the kampung
schools and the commitment has to be consistent.
The results of such actions only unfold from 15 to
20 years later. Steady efforts are required from the
policy makers to continue the actions. However
committed, educated and responsible players
are those that will be able to tackle the delicate
balance between the local livelihood and trade
gains, and the sustainability issues that the society
owes to its environment.
Computer education for the Orang Asli
Auditor at the check point
Photos: Zamri Mohamad Nor & Azharizan Mohamad Norizan
FURTHER INFORMATION
PLEASE CONTACT:
ECONOMIC AND STRATEGIC ANALYSIS PROGRAMME (EAS)
Jean-Marc Roda (PhD)
Ismariah Ahmad (PhD)
Noor Aini Zakaria (PhD)
Innovation & Commercialization Division,
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM),
52109 Kepong, Selangor Darul Ehsan,
Malaysia
Tel : +603 6279 7544 / 7541 / 7714 / 7549
Fax : +603 6275 0925
Email : [email protected]
Website : http://www.frim.gov.my
13
News article
PESENI TURUN
PADANG DI JOHOR
Nurhajarul Hasni Md Ismail
[email protected]
Peserta berganding bahu menjayakan Program CSR
Unit Kesenian dan Kebudayaan (PESENI) di bawah
Kelab Institut Penyelidikan Perhutanan Malaysia
(FRIM) bergiat aktif antara lainnya dalam aktiviti
kemasyarakatan. Pada 29 Jun hingga 2 Julai 2012
seramai 31 ahli PESENI FRIM dengan kerjasama
Jawatankuasa Latihan FRIM telah mengadakan
program tanggungjawab sosial (CSR) di Sekolah
Kebangsaan Muzaffar Syah, Felda Air Tawar, Kota
Tinggi, Johor. Program ini memberi peluang kepada
peserta untuk melaksanakan kerja-kerja amal selain
memperkenalkan FRIM kepada pelajar-pelajar
Penyerahan papan tanda kepada wakil Sekolah Kebangsaan
sekolah serta penduduk negeri Johor. PESENI FRIM
Muzaffar Syah
telah menerima sumbangan sebanyak 50 batang
pokok kelat paya dan herba bagi membangunkan Taman Sainsnya daripada Biotropics (M) Sdn Bhd dan
Unit Nurseri FRIM. Selesai menanam pokok pelajar-pelajar sekolah tersebut telah mempersembahkan tarian
piring kepada ahli-ahli PESENI.
bersambung dari muka surat 16
bakau di Delta Kelantan. Setelah mendengar
taklimat oleh Pegawai Jabatan Perhutanan
Negeri Kelantan di Pusat Biodiversiti Tanjung
Kuala, kami menaiki bot untuk melihat secara
lebih dekat pokok-pokok bakau yang hidup
subur di kawasan yang juga menjadi habitat
utama tiga spesies burung iaitu mangrove pitta,
mangrove blue flycatcher dan greater goldenbacked woodpecker.
Peserta dibawa melawat sekitar Stesen Penyelidikan
FRIM Jeli
kami dibawa menjejaki penyu yang banyak terdapat
di Turtle Point. Jeritan “Terjun! Terjun!” menandakan
penyu telah ditemui dan peserta perlu terjun dengan
pantas untuk melihat haiwan tersebut pada jarak dekat.
Di Shark Point pula kami teruja menyaksikan ikan jerung
yang panjangnya lebih kurang satu meter.
Pada sebelah malamnya kami makan malam secara
barbeku bagi menandakan tamatnya aktiviti eksplorasi
ini. Keesokan harinya, kami meneruskan perjalanan ke
Tumpat, Kelantan untuk melawat kawasan penanaman
Dari Tumpat kami dibawa pula ke Wakaf Che
Yeh, salah sebuah tarikan membeli-belah bagi
pelancong di negeri Che Siti Wan Kembang.
Perniagaan di sini berkonsepkan pasar malam
yang dibuka sehingga pagi. Penginapan kami di
sini adalah secara inap desa.
Pada hari terakhir iaitu pada 5 Jun 2012, kami
membeli-belah di Rantau Panjang sebelum
bertolak ke Stesen Penyelidikan FRIM (SPF), Jeli.
Di Jeli kami disambut oleh Emlee Mohamad Taib,
pengurus SPFJeli yang membawa kami melawat
kawasan stesen yang ditubuhkan pada 2008.
Di samping penyelidikan, stesen yang terletak
di Mukim Belimbing, daerah Batu Melintang,
bersambung ke muka surat 15
14
News article
1
SUKAN RAKYAT
FRIM MERIAH!
Huda Farhana Mohamad Muslim & Nadiah Salmi Nazri
[email protected]
Bahang terik mentari pada petang 22 Jun tidak
menghalang para peserta dan penyokong Sukan Rakyat
Institut Penyelidikan Perhutanan (FRIM) 2012 daripada
berkumpul di padang bola FRIM. Suasana hiruk-pikuk
namun ceria menyaksikan ada yang hadir dengan
berkain pelikat, berkain batik dan berbaju kelawar bagi
memeriahkan acara kejohanan sukan rakyat kali ini.
Semangat zon semua yang hadir berkobar-kobar dan
masing-masing tidak sabar lagi untuk memulakan acara
dwitahunan ini. Sepuluh acara telah dipertandingkan
iaitu memanah, bola jaring, sepak raga bulatan, dart,
boling padang, congkak, batu seremban dan termasuk
tiga acara baru yang diperkenalkan iaitu bola katok
(rounders), baling selipar dan tarik traktor. Perasmian
majlis telah disempurnakan oleh Yang di-Pertua Kelab
FRIM, Dato’ Dr Abdul Latif Mohmod yang disusuli
oleh acara cabutan bertuah. Saban tahun aktiviti
sukan rakyat ini sering mendapat sambutan hangat di
kalangan warga FRIM.
Pemain mahupun penyokong sama-sama berusaha
keras untuk kemenangan zon masing-masing. Suasana
tersebut turut menyerlahkan lagi semangat kesukanan
dan kerjasama erat di kalangan ahli-ahli zon. Namun,
adat bertanding ada yang kalah dan ada yang menang.
Sukan rakyat tahun ini telah diungguli oleh Zon D/
oren (Bahagian Keluaran Hutan, Hasilan Semula Jadi
2
dan Perancangan Penyelidikan dan Korporat)
dengan 64 mata, naib johan disandang oleh Zon
C/merah (Bahagian Pentadbiran, Kewangan,
dan Komersialisasi dan Inovasi) dengan 54 mata,
diikuti oleh Zon A/hijau (Bahagian Perhutanan dan
Perkhidmatan Teknikal) di tempat ketiga dengan
43 mata dan Zon B/biru (Bahagian Bioteknologi
Perhutanan, Unit-unit dan Pejabat-pejabat Ketua
Pengarah dan Timbalan Ketua Pengarah,dan
Sumber Manusia) di tempat keempat dengan 41
mata.
Turut mendapat hadiah ialah Mohamad Faizal
Sharuddin dari Bahagian Hasilan Semula Jadi
yang memenangi hadiah utama cabutan bertuah
iaitu sebuah televisyen LCD. Penulis mewakili
pihak penganjur ingin mengucapkan sekalung
penghargaan kepada Koperasi FRIM (KoFRIM) dan
Tabung Pegawai FRIM (FOF) yang telah menaja
hadiah-hadiah cabutan dan tidak lupa juga kepada
warga FRIM yang telah menjayakan sukan rakyat
FRIM 2012. InsyaAllah tahun hadapan kita bersukan
lagi!
Foto:
Ariffi
n Ismail
1. Kamal
Pemain
bola
jaring lelaki terpaksa berkain pelikat
2.
namun masih mampu beraksi tangkas
Siapa kata lelaki tidak mahir bermain batu
seremban
dari muka surat 14
jajahan Jeli ini juga berpotensi menjadi salah sebuah pusat pelancongan yang menarik dengan air terjun yang
indah, sumber air bawah tanah serta dirian pokok, antaranya durian, buluh dan eucalyptus.
Dari Jeli kami meneruskan perjalanan melalui Grik dan singgah di R&R Banjaran yakni puncak tertinggi di
banjaran Titiwangsa yang dingin udaranya berserta kabus menyeliputi pemandangan. Syukur Alhamdulillah,
akhirnya kami selamat tiba di FRIM lebih kurang pukul 10 malam dengan membawa pelbagai cenderahati
termasuklah seribu pengalaman, pengetahuan serta kenangan indah yang sukar dilupakan.
Gambar: Mohd Parid Mamat
15
Peserta Xplorasi Perhentian 2012 bergambar kenangan sebelum bertolak ke jeti Kuala Besut
XPLORASI PERHENTIAN 2012 — MENYERONOKKAN
Bergambar dahulu sebelum menjalani aktiviti snorkeling di salah satu
kawasan popular bagi aktiviti tersebut di sekitar Pulau Perhentian
Peserta mendengar taklimat ringkas sebelum menjalani aktiviti
memerhati burung dan merentas hutan pantai
Perjalananan seramai 47 orang peserta Xplorasi
Perhentian 2012 bermula pada malam 1 Jun 2012 di
Institut Penyelidikan Perhutanan Malaysia (FRIM) dan
tiba di jeti Kuala Besut, Terengganu pada pukul 9 pagi
keesokan harinya. Penerokaan ke Pulau Perhentian
ini dianjurkan oleh Unit Rekreasi Luar (KANCIL), Kelab
FRIM dengan kerjasama Jawatankuasa Latihan FRIM
dan disertai oleh penjawat awam FRIM berserta
keluarga masing-masing. Perjalanan bot dari jeti yang
memakan masa kurang dari sejam telah membawa
kami ke pantai Coral View Resort di Pulau Perhentian
Besar.
Pulau Perhentian merupakan sebuah pulau dalam
Gugusan Pulau Redang yang terkenal dengan kawasan
terumbu karangnya yang luas serta indah. Aktiviti kami
bermula dengan sesi suai kenal setelah selesai urusan
pendaftaran penginapan oleh ketua eksplorasi, Mohd
Parid Mamat. Kami seterusnya dibawa menaiki bot
ke Pusat Taman Laut Pulau Perhentian dan diberikan
taklimat oleh pegawai Jabatan Taman Laut tentang
aktiviti-aktiviti yang dibenarkan dan yang dilarang di
perairan taman laut, etika di terumbu karang, sejarah
serta latar belakang Taman Laut yang dikatakan
mempunyai 149 spesies terumbu karang.
Atur cara aktiviti yang padat menanti kami
pada hari ketiga iaitu aktiviti merentas hutan
pantai, memerhati burung serta gotong-royong
membersih pantai. Mohd Zain Mazlan mengetuai
aktiviti ini selepas taklimat diberikan tentang etika
merentas hutan, teknik penggunaan binokular dan
panduan memerhati burung dan pembahagian
plastik sampah di kalangan peserta. Tiga orang
peserta yang mengutip sampah paling banyak
telah diberikan hadiah kemeja-t bola sepak
sumbangan Unit KANCIL.
Pada sebelah petangnya kami dibawa menjalani
aktiviti air yang sekian lama ditunggu-tunggu
iaitu snorkeling. Terdahulu, seorang jurulatih
bertauliah menunjuk ajar teknik penggunaan
jaket keselamatan dan peralatan snorkeling serta
memimpin kami menjalani latihan water confident
sebelum dibawa ke beberapa tempat popular
bagi aktiviti snorkeling. Di KK Point dan Bay Point
kami berpeluang memerhati terumbu karang yang
berukir indah malah bagi yang bertuah pula, dapat
menyaksikan clown fish yang berenang-renang di
celah-celah lambaian sang anemone. Seterusnya,
bersambung ke muka surat 14
16