sport_teachers notes.pmd

Transcription

26 September 2003 – 18 July 2004
Sport is central to the nature and energy of Australian life. Sport moves
our hearts and minds as much as our bodies. It reflects the changing values
of our culture
This exhibition explores Australian sport of yesterday, today and what might
be tomorrow. It brings together material from more than 60 sports and
from many of our favourite sporting heroes.
You’ll discover the triumphs, the fashion, the science and the passion of
sport. From the elite to the everyday, find out how and why we strive to be
faster, better, fitter and why sport is much more than heroes and legends.
Principal Sponsor
An exhibition developed by the Powerhouse Museum
in association with the Australian Gallery of Sport and Olympic Museum at the MCG.
Curriculum links
Education programs
Sport: more than heroes and legends offers a crosscurricular opportunity for primary school classes
to combine outcomes from across the key learning
areas of HSIE, Science and PDHPE.
A range of professional development programs
for teachers and education programs for students
will be held over the duration of the exhibition. To
keep up-to-date with what’s on, visit the website
www.powerhousemuseum.com/sport or subscribe
to our monthly email newsletter, Powerhouse
Museum Education News, by sending a blank
email with ‘SUBSCRIBE’ in the subject line to:
[email protected]
Sport will be of interest to students studying the
following lower secondary school subjects:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Science
PDHPE
History
Textiles and Design
Design and Technology
Studies in Society.
The exhibition has links to the following HSC
subjects:
• PDHPE (in particular HSC Option 2: Sport and
Physical Activity in Australian Society)
• Sport, Lifestyle and recreation (in particular
Social Perspectives of Games and Sports
module)
• Society and Culture
• Design and Technology
• Textiles and Design.
Theme trails
Sport can be viewed in many ways, according to
the background and interest of your students. Help
focus your students on their area of study with
one of the theme trails:
•
•
•
•
Primary
Science (7–10)
Design and technology (7–10)
PDHPE (7–10).
Alternatively you can create your own by selecting
themes and objects found in these notes.
Using the theme trails
1.
Organise students into groups of four or six
(including a group leader).
2. Photocopy and distribute the trail to every
group leader and ensure the students have a
clipboard and pencil.
3. Brief each group leader about their role, which
is to:
Heft a hammer or shoulder a shot-put. Sport has informative, handson activities for all ages.
• choose the order in which their group
tackles the theme trail
• facilitate use of the trail
• ensure the group has an opportunity for a
short break during the visit
• debrief after completion of the trail.
TEACHERS NOTES 2
Exhibition map
Sport shop
5
O
L
exit
N
The Sport exhibition is divided into five sections.
Each section contains interactives which are
indicated on the map with a letter.
M
L
1.
E
4
K
J
3
D
2
I
F
B
C
A
H
G
Elite and Olympic sports: Australians at
the world’s games
A. Heft a hammer and shoulder a shot-put
B. The human sport machine and how it
works
C. Pound for pound: which weight class are
you?
2. Weekend warriors and watchers: playing
the most popular sports
D. HOWZAT!
E. GOAL!
3. Bats, balls, bows, bullets: and super
sports gear
F. What a drag
G. Golf ball aerodynamics
H. Throw the balls and test your accuracy
I. How high can you jump? … how soft can
you land?
J. Muscle-force measurement and recovery
time
K. Sports fashion in a time tunnel
4. The great outdoors: sports in the elements
L. Wipe out!
M. Driving force: sailing against the wind
N. Choose your dive
1
L
entry
5. Heroes and legends: and your personal
best
O. The winner!
TEACHERS NOTES 3
Exhibition sections
Sport: more than heroes and legends is divided into
five major sections. These five areas include several
subsections which are described on pages 8–28.
footballers running, kicking and jumping. And fans
are cheering in stadiums and in front of television
screens.
1. Elite and Olympic sports: Australians
at the world’s games
Popular sports don’t always attract media
coverage but when they do it sometimes causes
the game to change. And not always for the best.
Sometimes fans have to mobilise to save their
team when bad times hit. Often the highest
dramas of sport are played off the field.
For a country with a small
population Australia has
made a big mark in the
international sporting arena.
Australians have competed
at every modern Olympic
Games since the first in
1896 in Athens, Greece. Our
athletes have also featured
at every Commonwealth
Games and its predecessor, the Empire Games.
Australian women athletes have been particularly
successful in international competition.
Every top athlete’s dream is to perform to their
best when they compete against the world’s elite.
The rest of us who watch and cheer share the joy
of victory and the disappointment of defeat.
Legendary achievements are matched by mishaps,
mistakes and people just struggling for a fair go
to do their best.
Photo: Wally Lewis and Mark Geyer during a 1991 State of Origin
match, Geoff McLachlan/Newspix.
3. Bats, balls, bows, bullets: and super
sports gear
Tennis, shooting,
archery and javelin
are just some of
the many sports
which involve propelling or capturing a ball, bullet,
arrow or other projectile. Over the years the specialised equipment
used in these sports has dramatically changed in
design and materials with resulting improvements
in performance.
Photo: Betty Cuthbert at the 1956 Melbourne Olympics, Newspix.
2. Weekend warriors and watchers:
playing the most popular sports
On weekends nearly
half of us are playing
or watching Australia’s
favourite sports. Cricketers are spread out
across ovals, courts
are covered with netballers stretching and
basketballers leaping,
fields are filled with
soccer players and
Our relentless desire to be faster, fitter, stronger
and safer continues to drive achievements in sport
science and design. But even using the latest gear
you still need to harness air, and forces such as
gravity and friction, to make a hit in these sports.
Photo: Andrew Symonds takes a catch at the Gabba, 2002, Newspix.
TEACHERS NOTES 4
4. The great outdoors: sports in the
elements
Wind in your face, racing
through water and snow,
wheels on the road, soaring through the air experiencing the natural environment is an important
part of the appeal of many
sports. Some of these
activities have long traditions, others were born
yesterday and challenge conventions.
Today new sports are sprouting faster and are
more extreme than ever. Many extreme sports,
such as skateboarding and surfing, began ‘antihero’ and ‘anti-establishment’, but have gone on
to produce a swag of legends of their own and a
multi-billion dollar street-fashion industry. And
snowboarding, once viewed as new and extreme,
is now an Olympic sport.
Photo: early Bondi Surf Club march, Newspix.
5. Heroes and legends: and your
personal best
What makes a sporting
hero or legend? Why are
some performances, and
personalities, celebrated
while others are overlooked
or forgotten?
Not all heroes of Australian
sport are household names some are not even
players. They are the people who help make sport
happen in the community, who support the elite
athlete of tomorrow and who volunteer their time
coaching, refereeing and organising others. They
are the unsung heroes of Australian sport.
What about the rest of us? Getting involved in sport
is one way to win the game of health. Take part,
do your best and enjoy the effort. Sport be in it!
Photo: in the ‘Heroes and legends’ section you can stand on a victory
podium from the Sydney Olympics.
TEACHERS NOTES 5
Exhibition interactives
The interactives in the exhibition are shown on the
map on page 3.
Elite and Olympic sports
A. Heft a hammer and shoulder a shot-put
Put yourself out in the field … touch a shotput, spin a discus, hold a javelin or lift a
hammer.
• Allow: 5 minutes
• Best for: All ages
B. The human sport machine and how it works
Touch the screen to select parts of the body
and find out how they enable us to do our best
in sport.
• Best for: 10+ ages
C. Pound for pound: which weight class are you?
Step on the electronic scales to see your
weight class for judo, tae kwon do, boxing or
wrestling. Sport can be played by people of
all shapes and sizes. You can compete with
people in the same weight class no matter
what you weigh.
Weekend warriors and watchers
D. HOWZAT!
Touch the screen to see the changes in cricket
coverage. Select from footage that shows the
past, present and future of cricket in the
media.
E. GOAL!
Kick the soccer ball to test your skills. You’ll
need accuracy, power and speed to get
through to the penalty shoot-out.
Kick the soccer ball to test your skills against the ‘GOAL!’ interactive.
Bats, balls, bows, bullets
F.
What a drag
Use the magnetic hand-pieces to move the
skier, bike rider, golf ball and football in the
stream. Compare the turbulence and the
relative drag of each shape as you change its
position. To discover the effect of spin, place
the ball in the centre of the window.
G. Golf ball aerodynamics
Guide your golf ball by controlling the wind. The
first dial controls the speed of the ball and the
second dial controls the fan speed. Find out
how air flows across the ball and how dimples
on its surface affect the spin and flight.
H. Throw the balls and test your accuracy
Push the start button. When the light goes
green, throw the ball at the target. After you’ve
thrown five balls the scoreboard will display
your speed, reaction time and accuracy.
Accuracy is more important than strength!
TEACHERS NOTES 6
I.
How high can you jump? … how soft can you
land?
Stand in the circle, then see how high you can
jump by reaching out and touching pressure
pads on the wall. You will see how soft you
land compared to your weight.
J.
Muscle-force measurement and recovery time
Put a hand on each grip and squeeze as hard
as you can. Watch the screen and observe how
quickly your muscles get tired. Feel a burning
sensation? That’s lactic acid, the by-product
of burning energy.
K. Sports fashion in a time tunnel
Touch the screen to select a sport and a time
period. Discover how sporting uniforms and
fashions have changed over the last 100 years.
The great outdoors
L. Wipe out!
Use the joystick to control the surfer. Learn
how to surf, hear about the history of
surfboards and find out where waves come
from.
M. Driving force: sailing against the wind
Can you manage a sailing boat using the
driving force of the wind? Use the winch to
trim your sail and the wheel to turn the boat.
Find the sail angle that will produce the most
driving force to propel the boat.
How high can you jump?
N. Choose your dive
Touch the screen and choose your dive. See
it on screen and as a laser projection up on
the wall. Advance through the stages of the
competition and receive a score from the
judge. You’ll discover the techniques and
physics of diving.
Heroes and legends
O. The winner!
Stand on the victory podium from the Sydney
Olympics and experience what it feels like to
win a medal in front of your home crowd.
TEACHERS NOTES 7
1. Elite and Olympic sports:
Australians at the world’s games
1.1 Honour the victors: Olympic podium
In ancient Greece victors won a wreath of olive
leaves. At the modern Olympic Games athletes
mount a three-tiered podium to receive a medal
and a floral tribute — and the cheers and applause
of wondrous onlookers.
The podium on display was used in medal
presentation ceremonies at the Sydney 2000
Olympic Games. It was designed by Brian Thomson
for the Ceremonies Division of the Sydney
Organising Committee for the Olympic Games.
1.3 Cathy Freeman.
Objects you will see:
• Sydney 2000 Olympic Games podium
• Sydney 2000 athlete tracksuits
competitor to win, the stronger you feel at the
outcome.
1.2 The agony and the ecstasy: of being
a sports fan
• Sydney 2000 Olympic torches and medals
• Sydney 2000 Paralympic torches, medals and
podium
Sport engages not just the athletes who compete
but the spectators who observe. A good contest
can command the viewers ’ attention and stir their
passions.
Being a sports fan is about emotional highs and
lows. You experience joy in victory and sorrow in
defeat. The more you want your team or favourite
1.3 Cathy Freeman: champion
In an extraordinary career, Cathy Freeman (b 1973)
has won at the World Championships,
Commonwealth and Olympic Games. She has
proudly demonstrated her Aboriginal identity and
helped to raise awareness of Indigenous issues.
During her victory lap at the 1994 Commonwealth
Games she carried both the Australian and
Aboriginal flags. With the eyes of the world on her,
Freeman lit the Olympic cauldron at the Sydney
Games in 2000.
• Cathy Freeman’s bodysuit
1.4 Run for Australia: women on track
for gold
1.2 The agony and the ecstasy.
The ancient Greeks revered running — a foot race
was the only event in the first Olympics in 776 BCE.
Interest in running declined after the end of the
TEACHERS NOTES 8
ancient Olympic era but revived in the 19th century.
Men ran in the reborn Olympics in 1896, but women
were made to wait until 1928 to compete.
In the 1938 Empire Games Australian Decima
Norman won five gold medals in athletics.
Australian women athletes have continued to
excel, winning 80% of all Australian gold medals
in Olympic track and field events held since 1948.
• Betty Cuthbert’s three Olympic gold medals
• Edith Robinson’s 1928 Amsterdam Olympic
uniform
• Marjorie Jackson’s 1952 Helsinki Olympic
running spikes
1.5 Run — a sprint: a limb goes, the will
to win stays
A physical or sensory disability needn’t impair an
individual’s joy of life or their competitive spirit.
In 1944, doctors in the UK introduced sport as
part of soldiers’ therapy to recover from wartime
injuries. Soon organised games between
rehabilitation centres took place. The first
international games for people with a disability
took place in 1950 and marked the birth of the
Paralympic movement.
• Prosthetic limb
1.6 Run to endure: Australians who
lasted the distance
While Australian women have sprinted to gold,
several men have made their mark in the longer
races. They include Ron Clarke (a record holder in
every distance from 2 miles to 20 kilometres),
milers Herb Elliot and John Landy, Ralph Doubell
(800 metres) and marathoners Rob de Castella
and Steve Moneghetti.
One of the most memorable moments in
Australian men’s sport happened at the 1956
Olympic trials. John Landy, running behind Ron
Clarke in the 1500 metres saw Clarke fall but
couldn’t avoid spiking him in the shoulder. Landy
stopped to see if Clarke was all right, then caught
up to the pack and won the race.
• Olympic lap bell
• Sportwool™ shirt
• Steve Moneghetti’s 1996 Atlanta Olympic
running outfit
• Various Australian Olympic ceremony uniforms
1.7 Measure the body: train and prepare
Athletes measure the behaviour of their bodies to
help them train at peak efficiency. Heart, blood
and breath are analysed to reveal how well the
body is performing. Sports scientists adapt
medical devices for use in the laboratory and out
in the field.
In elite competition, athletes can gain a
psychological advantage through using
sophisticated technology.
• Heart-rate monitor
• Sport Performance Indicator
• Portable metabolic testing system
1.5 Run a sprint; 1.6 Run to endure.
TEACHERS NOTES 9
is fed through the coil of a liquid chromatograph.
This separates out individual chemicals which get
sent into a mass spectrometer. The mass spec can
detect and measure specific chemicals down to
one part in a billion of the sample.
• Liquid chromatograph
1.10 Hurl and heave: weighty matters
1.7 Measure the body; 1.8 Measure the time.
1.8 Measure the time: shaving off the
seconds
Measuring sporting feats allows athletes to assess
and improve their performance. In elite
competition it can also help to determine who wins
a medal.
Fast-paced athletic events are measured using
electronic timing devices which are accurate to
one thousandth of a second. Hand-held
stopwatches are much less accurate, due to the
reaction time of the user starting and stopping the
watch.
• Wind meter
• Timing equipment
Weightlifting and other power sports are as much
about speed and coordination as they are about
strength. In a short burst of controlled effort
weightlifters generate more power than in any
other sporting activity.
The big bones and muscles needed for speed and
strength don’t develop overnight. Athletes must
train for years, lifting ever increasing loads and
eating loads of high-energy foods. Some try to
speed up the process by taking banned
substances which enhance muscle and bone
growth.
• Dean Lukin’s weightlifting belt
• Shot-put, discus, hammer
1.11 Push or pull: oars in the water
Rowing requires power with endurance. To achieve
the most speed, rowers have to work together,
keep the boat steady and try not to ‘catch a crab’
1.9 Detect the cheats
can’t outrun the mass spectrometer
Some athletes seek an illegal edge by taking
banned anabolic steroids or human growth
hormone to build body mass and strength.
Cortisone, narcotics and local anaesthetics may
be used to control pain. Stimulants, substances
which mask drug-taking, and diuretics used for
weight control or to drain drugs from the body are
also illegal.
High-performance equipment makes it hard to
escape detection today. An athlete’s urine sample
1.10 Hurl and heave; 1.11 Push or pull.
TEACHERS NOTES 10
(a faulty stroke when the blade of the oar enters
the water at an angle and gets dragged down —
quickly!).
The initial two-thirds of the rowing stroke are
powered by the legs. The arms and back add to
the last third. Rowing can strengthen the back and
it’s also an aerobic activity which keeps major
joints flexible and burns kilojoules.
• Lightweight folding kayak
• Nick Green’s 1992 Olympics oar and medal, and
his 1996 Olympic rowing suit and medal
• Peter Antonie’s 1992 Barcelona Olympic gold
medal, rowing suit and oar
1.12 Exercise becomes a fashion: on
the aerobics catwalk
The 1980s aerobics fad transformed the image of
gym from geeky to cool. Suddenly people in
inactive jobs began exercising for health, in places
and settings designed for the tastes of adults
rather than the needs of school students.
1.13 Fight — an opponent; 1.14 Fight fashion.
Despite the risks many people take part in various
forms of combat sports to develop fitness, selfconfidence, mental discipline and to have fun!
• Kostya Tszyu’s World Boxing Council (WBC)
championship belt and boxing outfit
• Jeff Fenech’s gloves and WBC belt
• Lauren Burn’s 2000 Olympics tae kwon do suit
1.14 Fight fashion: the boxing look
The fitness craze redefined the ideal body, from
the skinny look of the 60s to the toned muscles
of the 80s. With this new shape came stretchy
fabrics and fitness fashions — and gym
memberships.
Boxing has long been an odd mix of glamour and
brutality. Sharply dressed men and women often
make the scene at major fight events. Today the
sport inspires clothing designers to make fightlook fashion.
• 2002 House of Dior women’s leisure suit
• 2003 Chanel running shoe
• Yohji Yamamoto tracksuit for Adidas
Boxing’s biggest fashion influence has been on
what we wear under our clothes. Boxer shorts
became common as underwear in the mid 20th
century. And ‘long johns’, the nickname for the
bottoms of long underwear, may have been
popularised by the fame of John L Sullivan, the
first world heavyweight champion who boxed in
leg-covering tights.
1.13 Fight — an opponent: combative
sports
Sports such as boxing, judo, wrestling, tae kwon
do and sumo are based on unarmed combat. In
these body-contact sports the athletes often feel
pain during and after a bout. They also face the
possibility of severe injuries.
• Boxing-inspired outfits and accessories by Kate
Sylvester, Christian Dior and Adidas
TEACHERS NOTES 11
1.15 Fight for acceptance.
1.15 Fight — for acceptance: against the
odds
Boxing arouses passion like few other sports, as
much among spectators as participants. The sport
has long been more than speed, skill and the
bloodiest of physical contests. It’s also about
social class and skin colour set against a history
of exploitation and greed.
From country sideshow tents to city stadiums,
amateur and professional boxing attracted
Aboriginal men with talent and ambition at a time
when they had few other opportunities. But while
there is a long honour-roll of Aboriginal boxers, the
respect they gained in the ring did not guarantee
their acceptance and success outside of it.
• Joseph ‘Joey’ Donovan’s 1968 boxing outfit
• 1908 photo of the Burns v Johnson fight
TEACHERS NOTES 12
2. Weekend warriors and watchers:
playing the most popular sports
2.1 Cricket — a national story: the
early years
Cricket has been played in Australia since 1803.
It has been a popular spectator sport since the
first intercolonial games of the 1860s and the first
Test match against England in 1877. At the time of
England’s 1877 tour the Illustrated Sydney News
reported that ‘no incident in the annals of cricket
has excited such widespread interest ’.
Interest in cricket has continued to flourish since
those early years. At the same time, cricket
coverage has evolved from newspapers to
newsreels, radio to television.
• 1930 replica Ashes urn
• Jack Blackham’s blazer and wicketkeeping
gloves
• Fred Spofforth’s ball, broken stump and cup
2.2 Bradman, bodyline and
broadcasting: the radio era
Australia’s most famous cricketer, Donald Bradman,
began his Test career in the late 1920s and his
legendary achievements helped Australians to
forget the Depression. The 1932–33 Test season
was also legendary because of the controversial
‘bodyline’ tactics of the English team.
Radio broadcasts of cricket matches began during
the Bradman era. In the 1920s newsreels showed
matches after they had been played, but in the
1930s radio brought the game alive with ball-byball descriptions. The demand for radio sets
increased with the popularity of cricket broadcasts.
• Donald Bradman’s debut Test ball, 1929 bat and
1948 pads
• Harold Larwood’s boots
2.2 Bradman, bodyline and broadcasting.
• Bill Ponsford’s blazer and hat
• Stanley McCabe’s bat
• Bill Woodfull’s cap
2.3 Women at the wicket: winners but
not media favourites
Women cricketers are among Australia’s most
successful sporting exports. The Australian team
is currently ranked number one in the world in both
one-day and Test cricket. Yet their prowess has
often attracted ridicule or simply been ignored.
The earliest recorded Australian women’s match
was played at Bendigo in 1874. Women’s cricket
today is testament to the pioneering spirit of early
players — their love for the game, their athleticism
and dogged determination to organise, develop
TEACHERS NOTES 13
and participate in cricket at the highest
international level.
• Scrapbook with clippings of women’s cricket
tours 1935–55
• 1930s women’s cricket uniform
• Nance Pownell’s 1934 cricket bat
• Mollie Dive’s 1948 blazer, photo album and test
program
2.4 Lights, colour, action: the
television era
The rights for live cricket coverage were held by
the ABC for many years. In 1970–71 the entire
Ashes series was televised live for the first time.
Ratings were enormous and signalled a revival of
public interest in cricket. This was reinforced by
Australia’s win in the 1977 centenary Ashes match.
The popularity of cricket in the late 1970s
encouraged television magnate Kerry Packer to
establish a rival competition to broadcast on his
own network. World Series Cricket had an
enormous impact on cricket coverage — and the
way the game was played.
• ABC outside broadcast TV camera
• Cricket balls
• Allan Border’s cricket coffin and cap
• Dennis Lillee’s aluminium bat
2.5 Kick the ball.
2.5 Kick the ball: and protect the body
Football team sports involve a lot of contact with
the ball and often with players. Whether the body
contact was intentional or not, wearing protective
gear helps keep you on the field and out of the
hospital.
The odd behaviour of the balls makes the games
interesting. Ovoid footballs often bounce
unpredictably but are easier to catch than the
round soccer ball. The soccer ball keeps its
surprises for the air — its spin can make it bend to
flash past the quickest goalkeeper.
• Rugby tackle suit
• 1970 yellow night game football
• Mouth and shin guards
2.4 Lights, colour, action.
TEACHERS NOTES 14
2.7 Kick-off for rugby league: the
working man’s game
Rugby was traditionally a game played by well-off
amateurs. Working men received no compensation
payments for injuries and lost wages. In 1907 a
group of dissatisfied players set up a professional
league in Sydney.
Rugby league was embraced by working-class fans
in NSW and Queensland. It has grown into a multimillion dollar sport.
• 1915 Laws of the game booklet
• Fred Gardner’s scrapbook and football boots
• 2002 Kangaroo reunion jersey
• 1995 World Cup trophy
2.8 Kick-in to save South Sydney:
Rabbitohs never say die
2.7 Kick-off; 2.8 Kick-in.
2.6 Kick — rugby union: ‘the game they
play in heaven’
Legend has it that William Webb Ellis started
modern rugby one afternoon in 1823 by picking
up the ball in a soccer game and running with it.
The original game of rugby was exclusive to private
schools. It was used to instil the desired moral
code and physical attributes of future leaders.
Players now come from all levels of society and
educational backgrounds.
In 1995 rugby league was torn apart when News
Ltd established a breakaway ‘Super League’. At
the end of this damaging split the South Sydney
club was excluded from the competition.
The supporters and community of South Sydney
rallied behind George Piggins, the ‘Rabbitohs’
unflinching President. After a favourable Federal
Court ruling the proud South Sydney club returned
to the competition in 2002.
• Team mascot figures
• Howard Hallett’s belt and cap
Australia is hosting the Rugby World Cup 2003
almost 140 years after the first official Australian
club was formed at the University of Sydney.
2.9 Kick the globe: soccer — the
world game
• Mark Ella’s Australian blazer and boots
• 1888–1907 cap
• The Rugby Annual 1908
• Phil Kearn’s Australian blazer
Australia’s first soccer club, the Wanderers,
started in Sydney in 1880. But it took 80 years for
an Australian team to make its mark on the world
stage. The national team won its first international
tournament at the Friendship Games in Southeast
Asia in 1967 and reached the World Cup finals in
1974.
TEACHERS NOTES 15
Soccer is now this country’s most played sport. But
while many players are world standard, Australia
still struggles for a foothold on the world scene.
• James Masters’ honour cap
• Matildas uniform
• Soccer ball signed by the 1985 Socceroos team
• 1924 Socceroos uniform
2.10 Show-off: to express yourself
When popular athletes assert their individuality
through their clothing or hairstyles, fans often
mimic their look on the street. Some sports have
even inspired the look of subcultures, such as
American basketball and hip-hop.
Brand names are important for ‘street cred’. Logos
loom large on sportswear and the right footwear
is essential for many looks. Old styles are revived
as cool for today’s youth and new designs take
feet in upmarket directions.
2.10 Show-off.
• John Dorge’s basketball shoe
• Andre Gaze’s Sydney 2000 Olympic Games
basketball uniform
• Various footwear
2.11 Passion — for love or money:
collect sport memorabilia
Do we become closer to our heroes when we
collect a little piece of them? Is their signed
photograph or cap like a holy relic? Or is it just a
good investment? Collecting pieces of our sporting
history has become a growing passion since the
Sydney 2000 Olympics. The sports memorabilia
market in Australia is now worth $266 million.
What’s hot? At electronic auction-house eBay, AFL
memorabilia is about twice as popular as rugby
league, with cricket and motor racing next.
• Signed Donald Bradman photo
• Football signed by the AFL ‘Living legends’
• Racket cover signed by Pat Rafter
2.11 Passion — for love or money.
TEACHERS NOTES 16
2.12 Jump, kick, pass — AFL: Australian
Football League: ‘the national game ’
Where did Australian rules football come from?
It’s the cause of many an argument. Rugby
schoolboy Tom Willis is credited with starting the
national game in 1857 to keep cricketers warm in
winter. Some argue it comes from the Indigenous
game Marn Grook, others say its origins are in
Gaelic football.
The Victorian Football League (VFL) was established
in 1896 and the league ’s first games were played
among the foundation clubs. VFL became the
national Australian Football League (AFL) in 1990.
• 1933 Brownlow medal
• 1880 leather boot
• Ted Whitten’s 1954 Footscray blazer
• VFL ‘ladder’ — 12 plaster figures representing
all the teams in the old VFL
• Arctic heat vest
2.13 Jump, run and pass
2.13 Jump, run and pass: netball — her
story
Known as ‘netball’ since 1970, the sport was
introduced into Australia in 1904 as ‘women’s
basket ball’. Since then it has become the most
popular sport for women in the country. There are
an estimated 1.3 million netballers in Australia.
The Australian netball team has dominated world
competition, winning eight out of the eleven world
championships in the sport’s history as well as all
three Commonwealth Games competitions.
Despite high levels of participation in the game
and international success, netball has struggled
to gain media coverage.
• Anne Sargeant’s 1988 netball uniform
• Carissa Tomb’s 1999 netball uniform
TEACHERS NOTES 17
3. Bats, balls, bows, bullets: and super sports gear
interfering with archery practice — a skill needed
to defend the nation.
• Historic and modern golf clubs
• Kerrie Pottharst’s 2000 Olympics volleyball
playing suit
• Hockey goalkeepers outfit
3.4 Aim and shoot: bows and arrows
3.2 Hit the ball.
3.1 Bounce the ball: science of surfaces
In many sports a game may depend on the bounce
of a ball. A bouncing round ball is easier to catch
or hit than an oval-shaped ball. But even a round
ball can surprise, depending on its spin and the
surface it bounces off. People as well as balls
‘bounce’ or move differently on various surfaces.
Many cultures throughout history have held the
bow and arrow in high esteem. Archery was
practised for hunting, for war and for enjoyment.
The Japanese samurai even practised archery to
discipline the mind.
Before guns, archers were an important part of
the army and sports were banned if they kept
people from their archery practice. Today archery
is a challenging sport. It has been an Olympic event
Playing surfaces vary from sport to sport so that
athletes can make the most of their game and play
safely.
• Cutaways of various balls
• MCG soil profile
• Artificial playing surfaces
3.2 Hit the ball: with bats, sticks,
racquets, hands
Whack, thwack, whoops, crash … the sounds of
well-hit or miss-hit balls sent on their way to
targets intended or not. New materials and
designs have improved many types of hitting
implements but your skills still determine the
sounds you’ll make.
Ball sports are popular — sometimes too much so.
From the 1300s to the 1500s golf and hockey (and
bowls and skittles) were periodically banned for
3.4 Aim and shoot: bows and arrows; 3.5 Aim and shoot – guns
and bullets.
TEACHERS NOTES 18
from 1900 to 1920 and then from 1972 to the
present.
• Recurve bow
• Japanese bronze archer figure
3.5 Aim and shoot – guns and bullets:
Australians on the firing line
Recently Australians have been scoring ‘bullseyes’
in shooting shot, picking off six medals in the 1996
and 2000 Olympic Games. Michael Diamond won
gold in trap shooting at Atlanta 1996 and Sydney
2000; Russell Mark won gold in 1996 and silver in
2000 for double trap; Deserie Hiddleston won
bronze in double trap in 1996; and Annemarie
Forder won bronze in 2000 for 10 metres air pistol.
Whether using bullets or pellets, shooters need
skill and science to hit their mark.
• Olympian Russell Mark’s shotgun
• Percy Pavey’s 1940 rifle
3.6 Hit — the court: racquet research
Before about 1920, tennis racquets were
handmade from several pieces of wood and strung
with catgut (sheep’s intestines). Today ’s racquets
are mass- produced using space-age materials.
The larger, lighter racquets let you hit the ball with
more power. To make it easier on your arms, the
strung area also has larger ‘sweet spots’. Hit the
ball at one spot for no jarring force in your forearm
and the other for no vibration in the handle.
3.6 Hit — the court; 3.7 From corset to catsuit.
3.7 From corset to catsuit: tennis
fashion and dress rules
The industrial revolution of the 1800s powered a
changing world. By the end of the century
increased wealth and leisure time, and a moral
view which stressed the importance of a healthy
mind in a healthy body, encouraged more people
to participate in sport.
But not all things changed quickly. Women played
tennis in the restrictive corset and bustle they
wore everyday. The women’s rational dress
movement of the 19th century worked to make
comfortable clothing acceptable for all sorts of
activities.
• Tennis dresses from 1885 to 2002
• Puma catsuit
• Tommy Haas’ sleeveless tennis shirt
• A range of tennis racquets made from about
1900 to 2003
TEACHERS NOTES 19
4. The great outdoors: sports in the elements
Australians have won numerous Olympic medals
competing on a range of rolling stock, including
bicycles and wheelchairs.
4.1 Roll — bowl yer over; 4.2 Roll your cycles; 4.3 Rolling shoes;
4.4 Roll on board; 4.5 Roll — with risk.
• 1883 penny-farthing
• RMIT Olympic Superbike
• Louise Sauvage’s Sydney 2000 Paralympic
racing wheelchair
• Kathy Watt’s 1992 Olympic cycling suit
• 1998 Urban sports cycle by Nielsen Design
Associates
• Recumbent racing bicycle
4.1 Roll — bowl yer over: lawn bowls
4.3 Rolling shoes: side-by-side and inline wheels
More people in Australia play lawn bowls than in
any other nation. The age of players ranges from
12 to 90. What started in Australia as a leisure
activity for the male elite in the 1840s became a
mass sport for men and women after World War
II. But during the 1980s and 90s bowling clubs
struggled to survive, as player numbers shrank and
urban land values increased. Bowling clubs are
now going through another shift, relaxing dress
codes and rules and attracting a younger audience.
• Essential lawn bowling equipment from Esther
Owens’ locker
• Various types of lawn bowls
4.2 Roll your cycles: Australians on
wheels
In-line skates originated in 18th-century Holland.
Wooden spools nailed to timber strips were used
to simulate ice-skating in the summer. The in-line
arrangement was soon forgotten in favour of sideby-side wheels developed in 1849.
Modern in-line skating was devised in Minnesota,
USA, in 1980 for off-season ice-hockey training.
First made by Rollerblade Inc, numerous
innovations made them popular worldwide.
• 1970 ‘Official Roller Derby’ rollerskates
• ‘Spiritblade’ in-line skates
• Inline clapskates
• Bont inline skating outfit
This section looks into the sports which roll.
4.4 Roll on board: footpath surfing to
eXtreme sports
Over 100 years ago Australians were quick to adopt
the bicycle, the most efficient means of humanpowered transport. Walking or running just can ’t
keep up with gears, pedals and wheels. Soon people
started racing their cycles — transport became sport.
The skateboarding craze arrived in Australia from
California in the 1960s as a diversion for surfers
when the waves were flat. Skateboards were made
of rigid timber with steel and rubber wheels which
snagged, wore out and did not permit tricks.
TEACHERS NOTES 20
In the 1970s the development of strong,
polyurethane wheels by Cadillac in the USA gave
greater traction, speed, durability and control.
Skateboarders took over public spaces and
eventually purpose-built ramps enabled Australian
teenagers to develop a free-form style.
• ‘Midget Farrelly’ design skateboard
• Handpainted skateboard by David Griggs
4.5 Roll — with risk: speedway
motorcycle racing in the 1930s
4.7 Slide on snow and ice.
In the 1930s speedway motorcycle racing was as
popular as football and cricket are today. Crowds
flocked to venues such as the Sydney Showground
where they were thrilled by the speed and
expertise of local and international riders.
Speedway ‘test matches’ between Australia and
England were held often.
4.7 Slide on snow and ice: slip
through air
Speedway is an Australian innovation thought
to have originated in West Maitland, NSW, in the
early 1920s, although its precise origins are
disputed.
As athletes’ speed increases so does air friction —
this drags on the front surfaces of their bodies to
slow them down. Their skis, skates, suits and
streamlined racing positions are made to manage
friction. Specially designed clothing also helps
athletes to look cool, stay warm and keep focused
while waiting to compete.
• ‘Daisy’ 1935 Rudge speedway motorcycle
• Lionel ‘the flying Dutchman’ Van Praag’s 1936
World Speedway Championship trophy
• Leather gauntlets, helmets and goggles
4.6 Blood doping: is bloody cheating
Cyclists were the first athletes to be suspected of
taking the banned drug EPO (erythropoietin). EPO
stimulates the making of new red blood cells. Red
blood cells carry the oxygen needed to fuel the
muscle metabolism of endurance sports.
Skiers and skaters are obsessed with friction. To
go fast the bottoms of their skis or skates must
slide smoothly over the slippery snow or ice. To
slow down or change direction they dig the edges
of skis or blades into the soft surface.
• Descente speed skating, ski jump, and alpine
racing suits and the ‘cocoon’
• Swiss 2002 Winter Olympic team uniform
• Chanel ‘snow bride’ outfit with snowshoes and
snowboard
4.8 Aussies on snow and ice
The Bayer Advia can detect abnormally high levels
of new red blood cells in blood samples. Australian
has developed a test to detect EPO.
sliding to success
Australia is not famous for having high snowcovered mountain ranges. Not surprisingly our
athletes usually make their mark on lower flatter
ground or in the water.
Object you will see:
• Bayer Advia blood doping machine
Although one skier gained our first gold in 1992, it
was in 2002 that winter sports, Australians and
TEACHERS NOTES 21
gold medals made regular headlines. Three of our
golden achievers are featured here.
• Alisa Camplin’s 2002 Olympic gold medal and
ski suit
• Michael Milton’s 2002 Paralympic gold medal
and ski suit
• Steven Bradbury’s 2002 Olympic skating suit
and helmet
4.9 Slide down the slopes
4.10 Surf — the culture and the look.
skis old and new
Skis need to be strong and flexible to withstand
the physical stresses of speedy downhill skiing.
Simple wooden designs used in the past for
personal transport over snow were adapted for the
needs of skiing as a sport.
such as carbon fibre, fibreglass, lightweight wood
and strong plastics. Ski shapes have also become
wider and more curved, making turning much
easier.
Combining metal and plastic with wood made skis
stronger, lighter and more durable. Modern skis
are a combination of light and strong materials
• Skis and stocks from the 1930s and 1960s
• Climbing skins
• 1930s ski goggles
• Clap skate
• Curling stone
4.10 Surf — the culture and the look: in
the beginning
Charles Paterson brought the alaia (long board)
to Australia in 1912. In 1915 Olympic swimmer and
Waikiki surfer Duke Kahanamoku was invited to
Sydney. During his stay he demonstrated surfing
at Freshwater. The look of surfing culture has had
a big impact on fashion, from the Hollywood-style
glamour of the 1940s and 50s to the distinctively
Australian streetwear of today.
• Various surfboards
• 1930s Tooth & Co pub painting
• 1940s bathing costume
• Mambo poster
• Wetsuits
• Quicksilver inspired clothing by Kitten
4.9 Slide down the slopes.
TEACHERS NOTES 22
4.12 Swim through time: changing
attitudes to swimming
Sydney’s beaches have not always been crowded
with scantily clad swimmers. In the late 1900s
bathers wore cumbersome neck-to-knee
costumes, bathing hats and shoes. Public bathing
was banned between dawn and dusk.
From the 1900s to the 1930s, public attitudes to
the revealed body changed — helped by the
success of Australian swimmers and the brave
people who wore faster, but ‘daring’, swimwear
despite the disapproval of beach officials.
• Fanny Durack’s 1912 Olympic gold certificate
• Annette Kellerman’s swimming costumes
• Lily Beaurepaire’s 1920 Olympic swimming
costume
4.13 ‘Speed on in your Speedo’: Speedo
swimwear
4.12 Swim through time.
4.11 Swim and save — surf lifesaving:
vigilance and service
The beach became a popular recreation spot
during the early 1900s, but with bathing came the
risk of drowning. Surf lifesaving clubs were an
Australian innovation. The first club, Bronte Beach
Surf Club, was founded in 1903.
Speedo is the world’s best known and most
successful competitive swimwear label. Founded
in Sydney by MacRae Knitting Mills in 1928, the
company was bought in the 1990s by a British
company. Today most Olympic athletes wear
Speedo.
Speedo swimwear has gone through dramatic
changes as designers sought to reduce water
Surf lifesavers were volunteers. Their motto, ‘No
lives lost while on patrol’, reflected a strong
humanitarian focus that is unique among sports
and helped make the lifesaver a celebrated figure
in Australian culture. The image of a bronzed
lifesaver plunging into the waves, attached to line
and reel, is an enduring symbol of heroism.
• V-trunks from 1900s–20s
• North Bondi Club Speedo suit
• 1960s South Curl Curl Club reel
4.13 ‘Speed on in your Speedo’.
TEACHERS NOTES 23
resistance and enhance speed with innovations
in style and fabrics.
• 1938 Speedo men’s bathing costume
• 1960s Speedo sample book
4.14 The human machine: a change in
style
From the 1940s swim coaches such as Forbes
Carlyle, Frank Guthrie and Harry Gallagher
espoused small clubs and scientific methods.
Training swimmers like John Devitt, Murray
Rose, Dawn Fraser and Lorraine Crapp, they
wanted ‘fluent stroke makers’ and ‘efficient
technicians’.
Although Australian swimmers had continued
success in competition they were constantly
limited by petty swim officials.
• Limited edition Sydney Olympic pins containing
Dawn Fraser’s DNA
• Speedo green and gold striped swimsuit from
the 1964 Tokyo Olympics
• Susie O’Neill’s 1996 Olympic training suit made
by Speedo
• Speedo Aquablade worn at the 1996 Olympic
Games
• Ian Thorpe’s 2000 Olympics Adidas Equipment
bodysuit
• Matt Welsh’s 2000 Olympic Speedo Fastskin
4.16 Australia II wins!
and the America ’s Cup comes ‘down under ’
In 1983 an Australian yacht and crew won the
America’s Cup and made sporting history.
Financed by Alan Bond, designed by Ben Lexcen
and skippered by John Bertrand, Australia II broke
America’s 132-year stranglehold on the cup.
On 26 September 1983 Australia II crossed the
line ahead of American yacht Liberty, clinching the
series by four races to three. This historic victory
sparked widespread celebration and gave the
nation its heroes of the moment — even though
less than one percent of Australians participate
in sailing.
• Yacht keel designs
• Bob Hawke’s ‘celebration’ jacket
4.15 ‘Gold, gold to Australia. Gold.’:
swimming for Australia
If one quote colours Australia’s latest era of
swimming it’s the outburst above by ABC
commentator Norman May in Moscow in 1980.
Excitement at the pool had rarely been this intense
since the 1950s and early 1960s.
May heralded the decades to come of shaved
men’s heads, full bodysuits and Australian
swimmers the likes of Hackett, Perkins, Klim,
Thorpe, Welsh, Wickham, Riley, O’Neill, Thomas
and Jones who soared to immediate world
attention with championship wins.
• Murray Rose’s 1956 Olympic gold medals,
swimming trunks and Australian blazer
4.16 Australia II wins!
TEACHERS NOTES 24
5. Heroes and legends: and your personal best
Sporting legends
This section salutes six legendary Australian
athletes. They are:
Ken Rosewall
Ken Rosewall had a
remarkable tennis career
spanning 25 years and 19
championship wins. He
won his first Australian
Open in 1953 and his last
in 1972. Rosewall also had
a successful doubles
partnership with another
great tennis champion,
Lew Hoad. Nicknamed
‘Muscles’ because of his short stature, Rosewall
played a precision game to defeat larger, hardhitting opponents. He is now the driving force
behind a tennis museum planned for Homebush
in Sydney.
Highlights
• Australian Open singles champion in 1953,
1955, 1971 and 1972.
• French Open singles champion in 1953 and
1968.
• US Open singles champion in 1956 and 1970.
• Wimbledon doubles champion with Lew Hoad
in 1953 and 1956.
• Australian Open doubles champion with Lew
Hoad in 1953 and 1956, and with Owen
Davidson in 1972.
• French Open doubles champion with Lew Hoad
in 1953 and with Fred Stolle in 1968.
• Wimbledon singles runner-up in 1954, 1956,
1970 and 1974.
John Eales
Former Queensland and
Australia rugby union
player John Eales will be
remembered as one of the
all-time greats. He made
his debut for Australia in
1991 at age 20 and in the
same year received his first
World Cup winner’s medal.
In 1999 Eales captained the
Wallabies to their second
World Cup victory.
A great ambassador for the sport, Eales’ sense of
fair play and his genial nature made him one of
the most respected figures in world rugby. But for
his Nonna (grandmother) he was il campione del
mondo — champion of the world.
Highlights
• Captained the Wallabies on 55 occasions.
• Played more test matches than any other lock
forward.
• Led Australia to their first-ever test victory over
the British Lions in 2001.
• Scored more than 100 test-match points — a
record equalled by only one other forward.
• One of only five Australian rugby players to have
won the World Cup twice.
• Undefeated in test games at his home ground,
Ballymore in Queensland, from 1991–98.
Photo by Mark Evans, Newspix.
Photo © Sport the library/Presse Sports.
TEACHERS NOTES 25
Michele Timms
Champion basketballer
Michele Timms was the
first Australian to play
professional basketball
internationally. In 1997 she
joined the US Women’s
National
Basketball
League. Playing for the
Phoenix Mercury she
became one of their most
popular players. More than
a dozen Australian women
have since followed in her footsteps. Timms was
on the Australian team, the Opals, for over a decade.
During the Sydney Olympics she captained the
Opals to their greatest success, a silver medal.
Highlights
• Represented Australia at the three Olympic
Games, winning silver in 2000 and bronze in
1996.
• Australian Women’s National Basketball League
(WNBL) player of the year in 1995 and 1996.
Seven-time member of the WNBL All Stars.
• First Australian basketball player, male or female,
to play in the American basketball league.
Photo by Colleen Petch/Newspix.
Stephen Waugh
Although admired by adoring fans, Steve Waugh
remains humble. Australian
Test cricket captain since
1999, Waugh has played
162 Tests, more than any
other player in the world.
He led the victorious World
Cup team in 1999. Off the
cricket pitch, Waugh is
patron of several charities
in Australia and India.
Highlights
• Wisden Cricketer of the Year, 1989.
• Wisden Australian Cricketer of the Year 20002001.
• Allan Border Medal, 2001.
• Australian Test captain February 1999 to
present.
• Captained Australia to 38 wins in 51 Tests.
• Captained Australia to 16 successive Test wins.
• Scorer of the most Test centuries for Australia
(32).
• Australian One Day International captain
December 1997 to February 2002.
• Patron of Camp Quality (for children with cancer),
Cerebral Palsy Association, Udayan home for
children of leprosy patients in Kolkata, India.
Photo by Bruce Long/Newspix.
Louise Sauvage
Since deciding
to become a professional athlete
when she was 16
years old, Louise
Sauvage has won
over 300 wheelchair races — from road races such as the gruelling
Boston Marathon to world championship and
Olympic track events. Sauvage’s success has
almost single-handedly raised the profile of paraathletes to unprecedented levels. She has also set
up a foundation to grant funds to athletes with a
disability.
Highlights
• Set world-record times in the 100, 200, 800,
1500 and 5000 metres events.
• Represented Australia at the Paralympics in
1992, 1996 and 2000; winning nine gold and
two silver medals.
• Awarded Australian Paralympian of the Year in
1994, 1996, 1997 and 1998.
• International Female Wheelchair Athlete of the
Year in 1999 and 2000.
Photo by Brett Faulkner/Newspix.
TEACHERS NOTES 26
Catherine Freeman
Nicole Elliot and Isi Koloamatangi
Cathy Freeman was the
first Aboriginal sprinter
to win a Commonwealth
Games medal. Carrying
both the Australian and
Aboriginal flags during her
victory lap she instantly
became the country’s
high-profile symbol of
reconciliation. At the
Sydney 2000 Olympics
she lit the cauldron and
then won gold — and the hearts of a nation — in
the 400 metres final with a time of 49.11 seconds.
parents of Kailah Elliot- Koloamatangi
Kailah, aged 11, has been swimming competitively
for three years. She trains two hours a day and
her father Isi, a youth worker, often gets home
from work just in time to take her to the pool at
5.00 am. Family life revolves around Kailah having
enough rest and the right diet. Nicole says, ‘I make
sure she eats well, if Kailah likes satay stir fry we
all tend to eat that.’ Isi has close ties with the
Tongan community who have helped raise funds
to enable the whole family to travel interstate to
the National Swimming Championships.
Highlights
• Olympic gold medallist in the 400 metres in
2000.
• World champion in the 400 metres in 1999 and
1997.
• Olympic silver medallist in the 400 metres in
1996.
• Commonwealth Games gold medallist in the
200 metres and 400 metres in 1994.
• Commonwealth Games gold medallist in the 4
x 400 metres relay in 2002.
• Australian of the Year in 1998.
• Young Australian of the Year in 1990.
Photo by Jeff Darmanin/Newspix.
Unsung heroes
Not all heroes of Australian sport are household
names – some are not even players. They are the
people who help make sport happen in the
community, who support the elite athlete of
tomorrow and who volunteer their time coaching,
refereeing and organising others. They are the
unsung heroes of Australian sport.
A selection of unsung heroes are celebrated
alongside the legends. They are:
Kailah’s highlights
• Won two gold and four silver medals at the 2003
School National Swimming Championships.
• Won five gold and two silver medals at the 2002
School National Swimming Championships.
• First in the under-11 female surf race and iron
woman race at the 2003 NSW Surf Life Saving
Championships.
• Won one gold, three silver and two bronze
medals at the 2003 NSW State Swimming
Championships.
• Awarded Rookie Female Athlete of the Year at
the 2002/2003 Sydney Surf Life Saving
presentations.
David Liddiard
Former rugby league player David Liddiard used
his fame on the field to found the National
Aboriginal Sports Corporation Australia (NASCA).
NASCA takes Indigenous sports stars to Aboriginal
communities around Australia to raise awareness
and promote a strong focus on health, education
and participation in sport.
Highlights
• Organised the first all-Aboriginal league tour of
England in 1996.
• Founded the National Aboriginal Sports
Corporation Australia (NASCA) in 1995.
• Awarded the Dally M medal for rookie of the
year in 1983.
TEACHERS NOTES 27
• Member of the victorious Parramatta Eels team
in the 1983 rugby league grand final.
• Played rugby league for the Parramatta Eels,
Penrith Panthers and Manly-Warringah, as well
as two English teams, Oldham and Hull.
David Howells
David Howells has been a prosthetic limb-maker
for over 20 years. Ten years ago he went to a
meeting of para-athletes. Impressed with their
running times but not with their prosthetic limbs,
Howells offered to assist.
He began videoing the para-athletes in action
because, he says, ‘they were too bloody quick to
catch with the naked eye’. With his physiotherapist
wife Catherine, Howells spent hours analysing the
running techniques of para-athletes and
developing ways to improve their performance.
• Netball coach for the NSW Primary School
Sports Association in 1978–82, 1984, 1985 and
1991.
• Athletics manager at the Pacific School Games
in 1992 and 1996.
• Coordinated accommodation for over 3000
athletes from 24 countries at the 1988 Pacific
School Games.
• Awarded a School Sport Australia citation for
services to primary school sport.
Search for a community hero
Be a part of sporting history! Visitors to the
exhibition have the opportunity to nominate a
member of the community they believe fits the
description of an unsung hero. Six community
heroes will be chosen by a committee each month
and featured in the exhibition. Your class can
nominate a community hero by filling in the
nomination form included with these notes.
Highlights
• One of the first para-athletes Howells worked
with was Neil Fuller, who became a national and
Paralympic champion. Fuller won four gold and
one bronze medal at the Sydney Paralympic
Games.
• In 1998 Howells developed an innovative new
approach to attaching prosthetic legs. By
attaching the leg at the back of the knee rather
than at the front, as was traditional, the runners’
times improved.
Marie Kelly
Marie Kelly has been actively involved in netball
for the past 35 years — coaching, watching,
refereeing and organising. During the season she
spends most nights and weekends working with
and on behalf of netballers. During the day she
works as a primary school teacher. Kelly collected
the signatures of the Sydney Electricity team when
they won the Prime Minister’s Cup in 1996.
Highlights
• Current president of the Randwick Netball
Association.
TEACHERS NOTES 28
Principal Sponsor
Sponsor
Media Partners
Supporters
For more information on the exhibition
Sport: more than heroes and legends,
visit the Powerhouse Museum’s website
http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/sport
For more information about education support
or your booking, contact Education and Visitor
Services at the Powerhouse Museum:
Telephone — (02) 9217 0222
Fax — (02) 9217 0441
Email — [email protected]
Get regular updates about Museum programs
delivered directly to your computer by joining our
listserv. Email: [email protected]
© 2003 Trustees of the Museum of Applied Arts and Sciences. This publication is copyright. Apart from fair dealing for the purposes of research, study, criticism or review, or as
otherwise permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without written permission.
TEACHERS NOTES 29

sport_teachers notes.pmd

Transcription

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