de donde eres javier la

Talk
and I will listen
Show me and I will understand
But take me in and I will learn

(Native American quote)
¡HOLA CLASE!
¿CÓMO ESTÁN?
BIENVENIDOS A LA CLASE DE ESPAÑOL NIVEL 1
This is a Review PowerPoint
of Chapter One
By: Edris Brannen
BASIC QUESTIONS AND KNOWLEDGE
ABOUT THE SPANISH LANGUAGE
What language does Spanish and English share in
common?
2.
What are cognate words? Give an example.
3.
What are false cognate words? Give an example.
4.
How many countries have Spanish as their official
language?
5.
What is the country with the most Spanish speakers in
the world? And the second one?
6.
Does Spain speak any other languages? If so, Can you
name them?
7.
In your opinion, Why is it important to learn to speak
Spanish?
1.
GUIDELINES FOR PLACING WRITTEN
ACCENTS IN SPANISH
Acento prosódico


All Spanish words of more than one syllable have
one syllable that is stressed more than the
others, in pronunciation. This is called acento
prosódico (oral accent). No written symbol is
required to indicate this stress.
e.g. lago (In pronouncing this word, the syllable
la is stressed more than the syllable go, and no
written symbol is required to indicate this stress)
Acento ortográfico

Some Spanish words also require a written accent over
the vowel of the syllable with the greatest stress. This
is called acento ortográfico (written accent). This
accent is indicated in writing with the following
symbol: ´ (note that is from right to left).
e.g. música (In writing this word the ´ must be placed
over the u, in the syllable with greatest stress, mu.
 N.B. Not all words carry a written accent.

WORDS THAT DO NOT REQUIRE A WRITTEN
ACCENT (ACENTO ORTOGRÁFICO)







The majority of words in Spanish do not require a written accent.
The words that do not carry a written accent can be put into three
groups, as follows:
Words with more than one syllable that end in a vowel or n or s
AND are stressed on the second-to-last syllable.
e.g. mañana, casi, decide, necesito, ventanas, escriben
Words with more than one syllable that end in a consonant,
other than n or s, AND are stressed on the last syllable.
e.g. popular, eficaz, contestar, felicidad, Marisol
Words with only one syllable (with a few exceptions).
e.g. yo, es, en, al, del, con, sal, haz, vi
WORDS THAT REQUIRE A WRITTEN ACCENT
(ACENTO ORTOGRÁFICO)

Spanish words that require a written accent can be put into four
different groups, as follows:
1.Exceptions to guidelines 1 and 2, above:


Words that end in a vowel or n or s BUT are NOT STRESSED on
the second-to-last syllable;
e.g. Panamá, encontró, compré, colibrí, tabú, jamás, jardín,
médico, fantásticas
2. Words that end in a consonant, other than n or s, BUT are NOT
STRESSED on the last syllable.

e.g. árbol, azúcar, lápiz, cárcel
WORDS THAT REQUIRE A WRITTEN ACCENT
(CONTINUED)
Words with stressed weak vowels in hiatus.


(Hiatus: The separation of a weak vowel (i or u) so
as to form a separate syllable in what would
otherwise be a diphthongs or a triphthong.)
Note: A diphthong is a combination of a weak vowel (i or
u) and a strong vowel (a, e, or o), or two
weak vowels
in the same syllable.
A triphthong is a combination of two weak vowels and a
strong vowel in the same syllable.
 e.g. oír, reír, sociología, Raúl, continúo

WORDS THAT REQUIRE A WRITTEN ACCENT
(CONTINUED)
Some words with similar spelling but different
meaning or grammatical function.


Note: Most of these words are monosyllables and
are the exceptions referred to above.
e.g. el (the) and él (he or him), si (if) and sí (yes),
tu (your) and tú (you)
WORDS THAT REQUIRE A WRITTEN ACCENT
(CONTINUED)

The words que, cual, quien, cuan, cuanto, como,
cuando, and donde when they introduce
interrogative or exclamatory expressions.
e.g.
¡Qué susto!
¿Cómo estás?
¿Cuánto cuesta?
FINAL NOTES

Written accents are always placed over vowels, NEVER over consonants. (The
tilde in the ñ is not an accent mark.)

No word can have more than one written accent.



When the stressed syllable of a word requires a written accent and the stressed
syllable contains a diphthong, the accent is placed over the second weak vowel (if
the diphthong consists of two weak vowels) and over the strong vowel (if the
diphthong consists of a weak vowel and a strong vowel).
e.g. cuídate, péinate, abrió, coméis, comunicación, comprensión
All words ending in ion carry a written accent over the o, but lose the accent when
es is added to make them plural.
e.g. canción, nación, impresión, BUT canciones, naciones impresiones
All words that have a stressed syllable occurring before the second-to –last syllable
must carry a written accent over the stressed syllable.
e.g. pronóstico, cómpratelo
HOW TO WRITE SPANISH PUNCTUATION ON A PC?
Lower case
Letras minuscula
á= Alt + 160
 é= Alt + 130
 í= Alt + 161
 ó= Alt + 162
 ú= Alt + 163
 ñ= Alt + 164
 ü= Alt + 129

Capital letters
Letras mayusculas
Á = Alt +0193
 É = Alt +144
 Í = Alt + 0205
 Ó = Alt +0211
 Ú = Alt +0218
 Ñ = Alt + 165
 Ü = Alt +164

LET’S SEE HOW IT WORKS

You have to HOLD Alt and type the number at
the same time, then RELEASE!
UPSIDE DOWN QUESTION MARK (¿) AND UPSIDE
DOWN EXCLAMATION MARKS (¡)

They are punctuation marks used to begin
interrogative and exclamatory sentences (or
clauses), respectively, in written Spanish.

¡= Alt + 0161

¿ =Alt +168 (or 0191)
HAY HAS TWO MEANINGS; “THERE IS” AND “THERE
ARE”
© Cengage Learning 2012
P-6 | ¿Cuántos(as) hay? Following the model, tell how many people and objects you
see in the illustration.
MODELO:
Hay cuatro perros.
1. _____________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________
4. _____________________________________________________________________
5. _____________________________________________________________________
6. _____________________________________________________________________
P-7 | ¿Qué hay en la clase? Indicate if each statement is true (cierto) or false (falso) for
your classroom. Change the false statements to make them true. Follow the model.
MODELO:
Hay veinte personas en la clase. Falso. Hay veinticuatro personas.
1. Hay una profesora. _____________________________________________________
2. Hay quince estudiantes. _________________________________________________
3. Hay tres computadoras. _________________________________________________
4. Hay dos mapas. _______________________________________________________
QUESTION WORDS (P.14)


All questions words carry accents. The accent
indicates that the word is being used as an
interrogative. For example; que without an
accent means that (e.g., The one that got away.)
The word means What only when it appears as
¿Qué?
There is no distinction phonetically between
“que” and ¿Qué? They both are pronounced
the same way. It is like two, to and too in
English, you will get it by context.
SPANISH INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS ~
PRONOMBRES INTERROGATIVOS
 Note
that this pronouns only have ONE form!
 ¿QUÉ?
(what? which?)
 ¿CÓMO?

(how?, what?)
¿CUÁNDO? (when?)
 ¿DÓNDE?
 ¿POR
QUÉ? (why?) Porque (because)


(where?)
¿A QUÉ? (at what?)
¿DE DÓNDE? (where from?)
SPANISH INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS ~
PRONOMBRES INTERROGATIVOS

Note that these pronouns have TWO forms
(depending if the noun or subject is
singular or plural, the interrogative
pronoun must agree in number)
Singular and Plural
¿QUIÉN/ QUIÉNES? (who?)
¿CUÁL/ CUÁLES? (which one / which ones?)
¿DE QUIÉN/ QUIÉNES ? (whose?)
¿PARA QUIÉN/ QUIÉNES? (for whom?)
SPANISH INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS
~ PRONOMBRES INTERROGATIVOS

¿Cuál? (Which?) is used  ¿Cuál es tu nombre?
far more frequently in
Spanish than in English.  ¿Cuál es tu número de
It has the same meaning
teléfono?
as What? When
someone’s name,
address, or telephone  ¿Cuál es tu dirección?
number is being asked.
When it refers to a plural  ¿Cuáles son tus amigos?
noun, it becomes ¿Cuáles?
SPANISH INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS ~
PRONOMBRES INTERROGATIVOS
¿Cuánto(a)? and ¿Cuántos(as)? must agree in number
(singular or plural) and gender (masculine or feminine)
with the nouns they describe.

¿Cuántos hombres hay en la clase?
How many men are in the class?

¿Cuántas personas hay en tu familia?
How many people are in your family?

¿Cuánto cuesta la silla?
How much does the chair costs?
¿CUÁNTO/ CUÁNTA? (how much?)
¿CUÁNTOS/ CUÁNTAS? (how many?)


¡A PRACTICAR!
Nombre ________________________________
Fecha ___________________
P-8 | Preguntas Read the answers the other party guests give and then write the
appropriate questions. Follow the model.
MODELO:
¿De dónde eres? Soy de España.
1. _____________________________________ Mi número de teléfono es el 765-4589.
2. ______________________________________ Hay veinticinco personas en la fiesta.
3. _______________________________________ Estoy bien, gracias.
4. _______________________________________ Me llamo Claudia.
5. _______________________________________ Soy la profesora.
P-9 | Preguntas Complete each question with an appropriate question word and then
answer it. Follow the model.
MODELO:
¿Cómo estás? Muy bien.
1. ¿ ______________________ te llamas? _____________________________
2. ¿ _______________________ tal? __________________________________
3. ¿De _____________________ eres? ________________________________
P-10 | Hacer preguntas Use the following question words and verbs to create three
questions that you will ask your partner. Write his/her responses. Follow the model.
MODELO:
¿Cuántas personas hay en la clase? Hay veinte personas.
Interrogativos:
Verbos:
¿De dónde? / ¿Quién? / ¿Cuánto(a)(s)? / ¿Cuál?
ser / hay
1. _____________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________
WHAT IS A PRONOUN?
It’s a word used instead of a noun (or a phrase
containing a noun)
Example: `He', `it', `who', and `anything' are
pronouns.
 When the pronoun is the subject (the person
doing the action) of the sentence, it is called a
Subject Pronoun.
Example: Bob is swimming. He is swimming.

WHAT ARE THE ENGLISH SUBJECT PRONOUNS?
Singular
Plural
1st person
I
We
2nd person
You
You
3rd person
He, She, It
They
ENGLISH SUBJECT PRONOUNS AND THEIR
SPANISH EQUIVALENTS

Spanish subject pronouns are similar to English,
but there are some differences.
Singular
Plural
I = Yo
We = nosotros (m)
Nosotras (f)
2nd
person
You (familiar) = tú
You (plural, familiar) =
vosotros
vosotras
3rd
person
He = él
She = ella
You (formal) = Usted (Ud.)
They (m) = Ellos
They (f) = Ellas
You (plural) = Ustedes (Uds.)
1st
person
THE FIRST PERSON SINGULAR PRONOUN
“YO”

“Yo” means “I” and is used
in the same way as in
English.
Yo soy americano.
 Yo soy estudiante.


Note that it is not
capitalized unless it starts
a sentence:

Mi amigo y yo…
SECOND PERSON SINGULAR PRONOUN
TÚ
Tú means you (familiar/
informal)
 Used when talking to
someone familiar
 We’ll learn more about
this in a moment.

3RD PERSON SINGULAR MASCULINE
ÉL
Él = he
 It is used when talking ABOUT a boy/guy/man.
 used in the same way as its English counterpart:



Jorge es mexicano. Él es de Guadalajara.
DON’T forget the accent mark. If you do, you are
actually writing the Spanish word for “the”

él = he
el = the
3RD PERSON SINGULAR FEMININE
ELLA
Ella = she
 It is used when talking ABOUT a girl/woman.
 used in the same way as its English counterpart:



Rosa es mexicana. Ella es de Acapulco.
Please pronounce it correctly.
It sounds like (eh-yah) not (el-lah)
 Remember ll= y sound.

FORMAL YOU
USTED (UD.)
Usted means you (formal)
 Used when talking to someone you should respect.
 Abbriviated Capital U lower case d period. (Ud.)
 Considered a 3rd person singular pronoun.
 We’ll learn more about this pronoun in a moment.

THE FIRST PERSON PLURAL PRONOUN
“NOSOTROS / NOSOTRAS”


Use nosotros/ nosotras to talk about
a group of people that includes you.
in English we have one word to talk
about “we,” but in Spanish, we
distinguish between “we” masculine
and feminine:



Juan: “Mi hermano y yo somos de
Argentina. Nosotros vivimos en Buenos
Aires.”
Juana: “Mi hermana y yo somos de
Bolivia. Nosotras vivimos en La Paz.”
use the masculine pronoun if it refers
to a mixed group:


Juan: “Mi hermano, mi novia, y yo somos
de Argentina. Nosotros vivimos en
Buenos Aires.”
Juana: “Mi hermana, mis padres, y yo
somos de Bolivia. Nosotros vivimos en La
Paz.
3RD PERSON PLURAL MASCULINE
ELLOS



Ellos = They (masculine)
It is used when talking ABOUT a
group of boys/guys/men or a
mixed group.
used in the same way as its
English counterpart:



Jorge y Pepe son mexicanos. Ellos
son de Guadalajara.
Jorge y Ana son alumnos. Ellos son
amigos también.
Please pronounce it correctly.
It sounds like (eh-yohs) not (el-lohs)
 Remember ll= y sound.

3RD PERSON PLURAL FEMININE
ELLAS
Ellas = They (feminine)
 It is used when talking ABOUT a group of only females.
 used in the same way as its English counterpart:



Sofía y Ana son alumnas. Ellas son amigas también.
Please pronounce it correctly.
It sounds like (eh-yahs) not (el-lahs)
 Remember ll= y sound.

FORMAL YOU PLURAL
USTEDES (UDS.)
Abbriviated Capital “U”, lower case “d”, lower
case “s” period. (Uds.)
 Considered a 3rd person plural pronoun.
 We’ll learn more about this pronoun in a
moment.

YOU, YOU, AND YOU

In English, there is only one “YOU”. It is
singular and plural, masculine and feminine,
formal and informal


Note: y’all or you all is not standard English, but we
will use it to help learn the Spanish forms of “you”.
In Spanish there are 5 ways to express “you”





tú
usted (Ud.)
vosotros
vosotras
ustedes (Uds.)
DIFFERENCES – YOU: TÚ VS. USTED

Let’s look at the singular forms first. Each one
has a specific time when it used. If you use the
wrong one, it can be offensive to the person with
whom you are speaking.
Tú = you (informal/familiar)
Usted (Ud.) = you (formal)
Use “tú” when talking to people
with whom you are on a first
name basis.
friends
family
small children
people younger than you
pets
Use “Usted” when talking with people
to whom you should show respect.
People in authority
(police, teachers, bosses, etc.)
Strangers
Acquaintances
Adults
DIFFERENCES – Y’ALL

In Spanish there are three ways to say “all of you”
Vosotros
 Vosotras
 Ustedes (Uds.)

Vosotros/vosotras are the plural forms of tú. Ustedes
is the plural form of usted.
 Vosotros is used when talking to a familiar group of
males or a mixed group.
 Vosotras is the feminine form of vosotros and is used
when the entire group is female
 These two familiar forms are used primarily in Spain.
 We will not use vosotros/as in class, but you need to
be aware of it.

REVIEW
Yo = I
First person singular
Not capitalized unless the first
word of the sentence
Used to talk ABOUT yourself
Tú = You (singular, informal/familiar)
Second person Singular
Use it to talk TO a person that is a
friend or family member
Third person singular
Él = he
Don’t forget the accent
Use it to talk ABOUT a guy.
Ella = she
Use it to talk ABOUT a girl.
Watch the pronunciation.
Ud. = You (singular, formal)
Use it to talk TO a person that is due
respect.
Nosotros/as = we
First person plural
distinguish between “we” masculine
and feminine
Used to talk ABOUT yourself and
friends
Vosotros/as = You (singular, familiar)
Second person Plural
Use it to talk TO a group of friends or
family members.
Third person plural
Ellos = They (masculine)
It is used when talking ABOUT a group
of boys/guys/men or a mixed group.
Ellas = They (feminine)
It is used when talking ABOUT a group
of only females.
Uds. = You (plural)
Use it to talk TO a group of people
¡ A PRACTICAR!
P-1 | Identificar Write the pronoun you would use to refer to the
following people. Follow the model
MODELO:
el profesor él
1. los estudiantes ________________
6. las computadoras _________________
2. la profesora
________________
7. you (un amigo) __________________
3. el muchacho
________________
8. you (un pr ofesor) _________________
4. Juan y yo
________________
9. Juan y María ____________________
5. Ana y Miranda _______________
10. I (myself) _______________________
P-2 | Más pronombres Complete the conversation below with the
appropriate pronouns (yo, tú, él, ella, Ud., nosotros, nosotras, Uds.,
ellos, ellas). Follow the model.
MODELO:
ANITA :
SR. FALCÓN:
ANITA: ¿Cómo
está Ud., Sr. Falcón?
SR. FALCÓN: Bien, gracias. ¿Y tú, Anita?
ANITA: Bien, gracias.
¿De dónde son Alfredo y Graciela, Sr. Falcón?
____________ son de Sudamérica. ____________ es argentino, y
____________ es colombiana.
ANITA :
SR. FALCÓN:
ANITA :
SR. FALCÓN:
Y ____________ Sr. Falcón, ¿de dónde es?
¿ ____________ ? Soy de Costa Rica.
Y la señora Falcón, ¿de dónde es ____________?
De Panamá. ____________ y ____________ somos centroamericanos.
¿Y ____________? ¿De dónde eres, Anita?
ANITA :
____________ soy mexicana; soy de la Ciudad de México.
EL VERBO SER
“SER O NO SER, ESA ES LA CUESTIÓN”

Singular

Plural
Yo soy
Tú eres
Él es
Ella es
Usted (Ud.) es
Nosotros/as somos
 Vosotros/as sois (Spain only)
 Ellos/ Ellas son
 Ustedes (Uds.) son
Keep always
in mind your
subject (yo,
tú,él…) when
you are
making your
sentences
THERE ARE TWO VERBS THAT MEAN «TO BE»
IN SPAISH. THESE ARE THE USES OF SER:


To identify people and things
To express nationality; with de to
express origin
Ella es doctora.
Son cubanos. Son de La Habana.
With de to tell of what material
something is made
Este bolígrafo es de plástico.
With para to tell for whom something
is intended
El regalo es para Sara.

To tell time

With de to express possession
Son las once. Es la una y media.
Es de Carlota.
Ramona es inteligente.




With adjectives that describe basic,
inherent characteristics
To form many generalizations
Es necesario llegar temprano.
Es importante estudiar.
CREATE IMPLE SENTENCES USING THE VERB “SER.”
EJ: YO SOY UN OPTIMISTA, INTELIGENTE PERO REBELDE. YO NO SOY INTROVERTIDO.
estudiante
 cruel
 responsible
 optimista
 paciente
 importante
 inteligente
 pesimista
 flexible
 tolerante
 elegante

intovertido/a
romántico/a
sentimental
egoísta
moderno/a
espectacular
extravagante
realista
rebelde
P-3 | ¿De dónde son? Answer the questions below according to the
indications, using the verb ser.
MODELO:
¿De dónde es el profesor? (Guatemala)
El profesor es de Guatemala.
1. ¿De dónde son los estudiantes? (México)
___________________________________
2. ¿De dónde eres tú? (España) _____________________________________________
3. ¿De dónde es Mariela? (Costa Rica)
_______________________________________
4. ¿De dónde son ustedes? (Cuba) ___________________________________________
5. ¿De dónde es el padre? (Puerto Rico)
______________________________________
6. ¿De dónde es el señor Ortega? (Chile ) ______________________________________
7. ¿De dónde soy? (Venezuela)
_____________________________________________
8. ¿De dónde es… ? ______________________________________________________
P-4 | Descripciones Form complete sentences using the verb ser. Follow the model.
MODELO:
Javier / arrogante Javier es arrogante.
1. el profesor / serio ______________________________________________________
2. tú / romántico _________________________________________________________
3. las clases / interesantes __________________________________________________
4. yo / inteligente ________________________________________________________
5.
mis amigos y yo /cómicos
LOS NÚMEROS DEL 30 AL 0 EN ESPAÑOL
30,29,28,27,26,25,
24,23,22,21,20,19,
18,17,16,15,14,13,
12,11,10,9,8,7,6,5,
4,3,2,1,0
Important note for spelling!












11 : once
12 : doce
13 : trece
14 : catorce
Note the
15 : quince
accent
mark on
16 : dieciséis
number 16
17 : diecisiete
18 : dieciocho
19 : diecinueve
20 : veinte
Spanish numbers 16 through to 19 are actually contractions.
For example, the Spanish for 16 - dieciséis - literally means ten and
six, but is joined together, as shown below:
dieciséis = diez y seis
 diecisiete = diez y siete
 dieciocho = diez y ocho
 diecinueve = diez y nueve

21 : veintiuno
 22 : veintidós
Note the
 23 : veintitrés
accent
marks on
 24 : veinticuatro
numbers
 25 : veinticinco
22,23 and
26.
 26 : veintiséis
 27 : veintisiete
 28 : veintiocho
 29 : veintinueve
 30 : treinta
 You'll notice that, as with the cardinal numbers 16 to 19,
the Spanish numbers 21 to 29 are also contractions, but
this time of the Spanish for twenty and one, etc.

veintiuno = veinte y uno
veintidós = veinte y dos, etc


P-5 | ¿Cuál es el próximo número? Complete each number
sequence. Follow the model.
MODELO:
uno, dos, tres, cuatro
1. dos, ___________________________ , seis, ocho, diez
2. tres, seis, nueve, _______________________________
3. cinco, diez, ___________________ , veinte, veinticinco
4. cuatro, __________________________ , doce, dieciséis
5. diez, veinte, __________________________________
Un problema para Einstein
6-4+11-3+19-15+13-9+10-3=?
SPANISH DEFINITE ARTICLES
UNLIKE ENGLISH, WHICH HAS ONLY ONE
DEFINITE ARTICLE “THE", SPANISH HAS 4
DEFINITE ARTICLES:

Spanish Definite Articles


Singular
Plural

Feminine
la
las

Masculine
el
los
DEFINITE ARTICLES: Plural
ending with: (a, e, i, o, u)


* In Spanish, if a noun ends in a vowel (a, e, i, o, u),
just add the letter S to the singular form of the noun
to make it plural.
Here are two groups of nouns:
El gato
El perro
La madre
La tía
los gatos
los perros
las madres
las tías
DEFINITE ARTICLES: Plural
ending with consonant!

In Spanish, if a noun ends in a consonant (for
example, l, n, r), add the letters ES to the
singular form of the noun to make it plural.
El animal
 El color
 La flor
 La lección

los animales
los colores
las flores
las lecciones
NOTE:

They are exceptions exceptions to the rules:
La leche (milk)
las leches
El programa
los programas
La radio
las radios
***When a singular noun ends in Z, the Z changes to C
in the plural:
la actriz
las actrices
el lápiz
los lápices
When a singular noun ends in a syllable with an accent
mark, the accent mark is dropped in the plural:
la lección
las lecciones
SPANISH INDEFINITE ARTICLES


While we have (a / an / some) in English as indefinite
articles, we also have un/ una. unos/ unas in
Spanish .
In general, whenever un or una are used in Spanish,
you need to use "a" or "an“, *“one” to say the
equivalent in English.
Spanish Indefinite Articles
Singular
Plural


Masculine
un
unos

Feminine
una
unas
The number for one in Spanish is uno. It loses its o
and becomes un when used before a masculine noun.



When used before a feminine noun it changes to una.
 For example:
 un niño ..... one boy
 una niña ..... one girl
You should use uno when counting generically, as in:
 one, two, three, four, etc
 uno, dos, tres, cuatro, etc
You should use un or una when counting specifically, as
in:
 one banana, one apple, etc
 un plátano, una manzana, etc
UN, UNA = ONE, A, AN
UNOS, UNAS = SOME
Masculine, singular indefinite article UN
Masculine, plural indefinite article UNOS
Un árbol grande.
( A big tree OR One big tree.)
Unos árboles grandes.
( Some big trees.)
Un niño alto.
( A tall boy OR One tall boy)
Unos niños altos.
( Some tall boys)
Feminine, singular indefinite article UNA
Feminine, plural indefinite article UNAS
Una flor amarilla.
( A yellow flower OR One yellow flower.)
Unas flores amarillas.
( Some yellow flowers.)
Una niña alta.
( A tall girl OR One tall girl)
Unas niñas altas.
( Some tall girls)
Un trabalengua
R con R cigarro,
R con R barril,
rápido corren los carros
cargados de azúcar al ferrocarril.
¿Preguntas?
Y COLORÍN COLORADO ESTE REPASO DEL
CAPÍTULO PRELIMINAR SE HA TERMINADO
……….….¡ADÍOS!