Revista chilena de entomología - Sociedad Chilena de Entomología

Transcription

Rev. Chilena Ent
1975,9:63-129
THE ANTS OF CHILE (HYMEXOPTERA: FORMlCIDAEj'
Roy
R.
Snelling**
James H. Hunt***
ABSTRACT
62 species of Formicidae now known or believed to occur in Chile. Keys are provided
subfamiUes and ali the genera. The species in those genera with three or more species
are also separated by keys. Mosi species are represemed by line drawings. Detailed distribution data
This paper
treats the
to sepárate the six
maps are also provided.
new species-group synonymy is proposed; Ponera opaaceps chilensis Forcl
= P. b. semtslrtala
Hypoponera opacwr (Forel); Pogonomyrmex bispinosus ir.lermedius Menozzi
Emery = P. b. spinolae Emery = P. vermiculatus Emery; Solenopns germaim schedmgi Forel = 5.
germamt Emery; S. latastei hof/manni Forel = S. laíastei Emery; Melophorus bruchi Forel = Lasxo= Ai. pdosuluí Emery = M. uxonus Emery =
phartes ptcinus (Roger), Prenolepis bolwari Santschi
are cited in the text and
The
['
following
vaidwtenns (Forel); Myrmelachisla recUnota Forel = M. hoffmanni Forel; M. mayri montícola
= B. giardii Emery, Camponotus
= .Vi, mayri Forel, Brachymyrmex giardn nüida Santschi
= C. distmguendus (Spinola); C.
= C. dtst. denudatus Emery
dislinguendus lenuipubens Santschi
chúensis ruficornis Emery = C spinolae Roger.
= Spinimyrma
The following new genus-group synonymy is proposed: Psammomyrma
Dorymyrmex; Ammomyrma = AraucomyTmex; Neaphomus = Hmcksidris = Myrmelachisía.
L.
Mayr
SUMARIO
Material collected
when
ed this study
En
este
de
Formicidae
trabajo
el
autor trata
hasta
hoy
62 especies
conocidas de
las
día
clave las separa en seis subfamilias y
se da para los géneros y especies. La gran mayoría de ellas están representadas en dibujos.
La
Chile.
Se da a la vez datos de distribución en mapas incluidos, y se sinonimizan varias especies.
of
it
was apparent
that
of
isolated
descriptions
new
of
taxa.
provided
Seldom were pertinent illustrations
and keys were even rarer. Kempf (1970) briefly
reviewed the history of myrmecology in Chile
and provided a catalog
several
of the
with
a
with
a
included.
One
overlooked
Kempf
total
ant fauna
were
listed,
"subspecies" or
of 65 nomínate forms
number
varieties,
by
known
In this catalog 52 species
of Chile.
some
is
the purpose of this paper to review the
of
species
was added
Inierfrom Ihc Siruciure (if tcosysiems .Subprograi
Hru^rdm, supponcd b\ L .S Nalional Scientc F( .ndaiion
Cünlnbutinn
.
(ranl » CJB3I Ii^t. Roben K C:iilwtü. Principal Invesúgalor
Muscum of
History
Nalural
••tntomolog>
Sctlion.
t:ounl\ "MX) Exposition BIvd Los .Angeles. C;alirornia 90(X)7. csa
••'Dcpanamenl
of
Louis. .Missouri 63121. CSA
Biology,
Lnivcrsity
of
it
taxonomy
modern
of
REFERENCE COLLECTIONS
The
bulk
consists
now
of
colleclions
the
Missoun-.'it
Los
.-Vngcles
Louis
.Su
used
material
the
of
of
in
this
study
made by Hunt and
deposited in the Natural History Museum
Angeles County (lacm). Substantial
Los
were received from the California
collections
Academy
Sciences
of
ness of P.
H. Arnaud,
through the kind-
(cas)
Jr.
and the Umversity of
E.
I.
through
(ucb)
important collection of
Forel type material, now at the Museu d'Histoire Naturelle, Geneva (mhng), was generously
Berkeley
California,
Schlínger.
loaned
(1972).
Bioliigital
means
ant fauna by
by
The
C.
very
Besuchet.
Smaller
collections
were
(ucon),
Concepción
Universidad
studied:
through T. Cekalovic; Museum of Comparative
Zoology (mcz), through H. E. Evans; American Museum of Natural History (amnh),
through M. Favreau; Museo Nacional de Histo
the
following
de
•.\
for
were undes-
cribed and that other forms had been mcorrectly
It
"varieties".
or
"subspecies"
as
belonging
nanunal
difficulties,
species
The
only
treated
ant
largely
was
descriptions
cause of these
the
partially
earlier
of
keys based on morphological characteristics.
fauna of Chile has never received a
unified taxonomic treatment. The bulk of the
earlier work, by such authors as Emery, Forel,
Mayr, Menozzi and Spinola, has consisted
The
in Chile by Hunt promptbecame apparent that much
could not be satísfactorily identified.
inadequacy
of the Chilean
INTRODUCTION
ít
institutions
Rev. Chilena Ent.
64
Santiago
Natural,
toria
(msto);
Facultad
de
Agronomía, Universidad de Chile (uch); United
States National
Museum
(usnm).
METHODS AND TERMINOLOGY
HEADÍfig.
Eye
length
Head
The
(el).
head
length
in
Pseudomyrmecinae and Myrmicinae
one segment is present, it is the petiole
two segments are present, they are th
petiole (pt) and post-petiole (ppt). The dorsa
ed
in
When
When
surface
length of the
greatest
segment(s)
the
of
modified
is
as
ai
profile.
The
fuU frontal view.
(hl).
máximum
view, the
1975
upward directed or diagonally directed scaL
or as a more or less rounded nade when viewed ii
1-2).
eye, with the
9,
With head
length
in
full
frontal
along the midline,
from the anterior clypeal margin
to the occipital
petiole
morphologically, the secono
is,
abdominal setment (the morphological firs^
abdominal segment is fused to the thorax as th<
propodeum); the p)ostpetiole is the third abdomi'
nal segment.
margin.
Head
width (hw). With head in full frontal
view, the máximum width along a line perpendicular to that of the head length, exclusive of
Gaster
The remaining abdominal segments
the eyes.
Mínimum
ocular diameter (mod).
The
míni-
mum diameter of the compound eye.
(omd).
With
Oculo-mandibular
distance
head in full frontal view, the máximum distance
between the lower eye margin and the base of
comprise
segments are the terga
and the ventral segments are the sterna. The
last visible sternum of the male is the subgemta,
the
the dorsal
gaster;
píate.
The
shown
in fig. 88.
terminology of the male genitalia
is
the mandible.
Mandibular
The lower
teeth.
or
outermost
Figures
which we have seen are represented
we hope will assisl
is
usually the longest and sharpest; it is
termed the apical tooth. The upper or innermost
tooth is termed the basal tooth. All teeth or
denticles lying between these are the middle
All species
teeth.
The remainder
tooth
Scape length
(sl).
The máximum
length of
the scape, exclusive of the basal condyle.
by one or more figures which
in
thorax of the worker ant
several
more
in dorsal
of
11,
9,
15,
of the ant figures are by Snelling.!
ings;
sculpture
necessary
17-
Ruth Ann DeNicola
of the illustrations are simple line
when
The
work
been shown only
has
recognition
for
of
draw
when
the
iti
species.
Often, too, standing hairs are not shown, except
3-5)
(fig.
Figures 7,
recognition.
Most
is
Thorax
their
21, 44-58 are the
is
divided into
or less well defined regions. Visible
the pattern of distribution
aiding
identification
(e.g.,
is
important im
Araucomyrmex,
Lasiophanes, Camponotus).
view are the pronotum (prn), mesono-
tum or mesoscutum (mes), metanolum (met)
and propodeum (ppm). In lateral view, the
profiles of these are visible, as well as the
meso-
DISTRIBUTION DATA
all
known
records for the species in Chile are cited.
Those
In the discussion following each taxon
pleura (msp) and metapleura (mtp).
The thorax of female and male is divided into
records taken from the literature and assumed
additional sclerites. In dorsal view, the following
to
pronotum
are usually visible:
(mes),
scutellum
(sct),
(prn),
mesoscutum
postscutellum
or
meta-
nolum (met) zná propodeum (ppm).
The máximum width
Pronolal width (pvv).
of the
pronotum
Webers
in dorsal
view.
length (wl).
The
cited.
length of the tho-
profile,
The
in
and the authority
brackets,
Maps
that illustrate these records
A
have been prepared.
common
few
only by Province in the
localities
species.
is
records are Usted by Province, from
north to south.
cited
measured diagonally, from the
dorso-anterior portion of the mesonotum to
racic
be correctly applied to the species concerned
are enclosed
are indicated on
Most
of the
work
the
in
text,
species are
but specific
maps
for
these
preparing the maps
was done by Ann Kennedy.
the insertion of the petiole.
INTRODUCED SPECIES
Petiole
(fig.
4)
One-segmented
Dolichoderinae
Each
Cerapachyinae, Ponerinae,
and Formicinae; two-segmentin
species that
is
known
or reasonably assum
ed to be introduced into Chile within histori
times
is
marked by an
asterisk*.
Snelling y Hunt:
Píate
1.
Figs.
1-5.
view of thorax, female;
The
Solenopsis gayi.
4, lateral
1,
ants of Chile
65
(Hymenoptera: FormiadaeJ
frontal view of head, female; 2, lateral view of sanie; 3, dorsal
view of thorax and
petiole, female; 5, lateral
view of thorax, worker. See
text for explanation of abbrevations.
— Body
KEY TO CHILEAN SUBFAMILIES OF
FORMICIDAE, BASED ON WORKERS
frontal
often
eye,
stout;
carinae well
when
separated,
large,
not elongate;
or
partially
wholly
covering antennal insertions; scape elongate
Petiole consisting of
two segments
2
— Petiole consisting of a single segment
Body
elongate,
slender;
eye large, elongate;
3
frontal
carinae cióse together, not covering antennal sockets;
antenna, especially scape, short
Pseudomyrmecinae
3.
Gaster
distinrtly
constricted
between
Xlyrmicinae
and
first
secón d segments
— Claster
segments
not
4
constricted
between
first
and second
5
66
Rev. Chilena Ent.
Scape short, stoui; antennal fossa panially enclosed
by a carina; pygidium iateraliy marginate and with a
4.
row
Cerapachymae
of stout spines
— Scape
elongate,
enclosed;
tially
antennal
slender;
pygidium neiiher
fossa
not
ñor with a row of spines
Ponertnae
apex of gaster (acidopore) terminal, circular, usually surrounded by a fringe of hairs; petiole
usually erect and scale-like
Formicmae
Opening at apex of gaster (cloaca) usually ventral,
slitlike, without fringe of hairs; petiole often strongly
üpening
5.
at
—
inclined
1975
Among
Chilean
the
recognized
easily
ponerines
by
the
ant
this
blackish
Dohchodermae
Localities
and
O'Htggms: Sam
40 km E San Carlos
(cas, mcz); 50 km E San Carlos (cas). Malleco: 40 km E Parque Nac. Nahuelbuta, 1200 m.
elev. (ucb); Parque Nac. Nahuelbuta (lacm);
sierra de Nahuelbuta, 1200 m. elev. (cas); Los
Muermos (cas); Angol (ucon). Cautín: 10'
mi NE Pucón (cas). Valdivia: [Valdivia; type!
chile.
1).
Vicente (amnh). Nuble:
of
SUBFAMILY PONERINAE
(Map
is
dark
or
piceous color, the coarsely punctate head
thorax, and by the medially carínate clypeus.
par-
marginate
Iateraliy
9,
Mayr,
carinifrons
(amnh,
Corral
1887);
mcz).
Amblyopone
chilensis
Mayr
i
Hypoponera opacior
(Fig. 6-7)
(Forel)
(Fig. 12-13)
Amblyopone chilensis Mayr, 1887:547-548.
9 Brown, 1960:183, 192. Kempf, 1970:19.
Stigmatomma chítense, Dalla Torre, 1893:
.
14.
Type
locality. Valdivia,
chile.
This species is easily separated from its only
known Chilean congener, monrosi, by the duU,
and
punaate head.
(Map. 1). chile. Valdivia: [Valdivia; type of chilensis Mayr, 1887). Osorno:
10 km E Puyehue (cas); 18 km
Purranque
(cas, mcz); n. shore, Lago Llanquihue (cas,
coarsely
Ponera
var.
opacior
Forel,
1893:
9 9; Wheeler 1923b:317; Menozzi,
1935:320, 332; Smith,
1936:421, 423-424;
Creighton, 1950:48,49.
Ponera opaciceps
265. 9
closely
MCZ).
Forél,
1914:264-
Hypoponera
Hypoponera
opacior, Taylor, 1968:65.
opaciceps
Kempf,
chilensis,
1970:19.
Hyponera
trígona var. opacior, Kempf, 1970:
20.
Type
Amblyopone monrosi Brown
The
Amblyopone
monrosi Brown,
192.9. Kempf, 1970:19.
Type
1960:188-190,
Pucón, chile.
In this ant the head is distinctly, though
sparsely, punctate, with the interspaces smooth
and shiny. The clypeal and mandibular armament also differ from those oi chilensis.
(Map
1).
chile.
St.
Vincent,
West
Cautín:
10
mi
Pucón, 12 Jan. 1951 (Ross C Michelbacher;
three cotype workers of opaciceps var.
have been examined. The node of the
has the shape characteristic of opacior,
chilensis
petiole
locality.
Locality
opacior:
locality.
Indies. chilensis: Valparaíso, chile.
(Fig. 8-9)
NE
chilensis
NEW SYNONYMY.
.
Ponera opacior, Kempf, 1962:10.
Localities
W
trígona
363-364.
with which these specimens agree
of pilosity
and sculpture.
chilensis
a júnior
is
Although
We
synonym
described
in characters
must conclude that
o( opacior.
a var. of trígona,
opacior was elevated to species rank by Kempf
(1962).
to
Taylor
Hypoponera
(1968)
and
as
transferred
concurred
this
species
KempFs
Kempf (1970,
with
The ñame is listed by
1972) as a variety of trígona, for unstated reasons.
treatment.
holotype, paratype; cas, mcz).
Heteroponera carinifrons
Mayr
(Fig. 10-11)
We
have elected
by
Kempf
to follow the original conclusión
(1962)
in
treating this
as
an inde-
pendent species.
Heteroponera
carinifrons
Mayr,
1887:533534. 9 Brown, 1958:195, 197, 257. 9 Kempf,
1962:45-46. 9 Kempf, 1970:19.
Acanthoponera carinifrons, Emery, 1895a:
347; Emery, 1905:112-113. 9
Acanthoponera
( Anacanthoponera)
carinifrons, Wheeler, 1923a: 186, 191.
;
;
;
.
Type
locality. Valdivia,
chile.
Localities (Map 1). chile. Valparaíso: Valparaíso (cotypes of chilensis; mhng). Santiago:
[Los Leones; Menozzi, 1935). Talca: [Coipué;
Emery,
(cas);
1905)].
50
(Concepción;
Angol
(cas).
km E San Carlos
Carlos (cas). Concepción:
Nuble: 40
km E San
Wheeler,
1923b).
Malleco:
[Temuco, 24 Nov. 1967;
Cautín:
W.W. Kempf 19701
(O
0)
c
o w
O- (O
o C
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c
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ir»
._
o *- c o
o c
(O
O
c
Q.
>>
fi
<
<
X
(§)
"^ 3
'
§1,
r
V
^v/-.
I
-^
^^'
5
\
^— —^
o
-
V
S^.'V
--^.^y'^ -J
.^.v
I
^^BH|
A
\
.—
''
'1"V^
^...
/
V
!,
r
-—
_
l/
=1
"^----r--
\
—
__
,
«,
:,
£,
:::,
S,
K,
68
Rev. Chilena Ent.
9,
1975
Píate 2. Figs. 6-13. Ponerinae workers. Front of head
6, 7,
Amblyopone chilensis;
8, 9,
and lateral view of head, thorax and g?ster of:
A. monrosi; 10, \\ Heteroponera cannijrons; 12, 13, Hypoponera opacior.
,
SUBFAMILY PSEUDOMYRMECINAE
Pseudomyrmex lynceus
(Spinola)
(Fig. 14-18)
Myrmica
142. 9 9
lyncea
Spinola
in:
Gay,
1851:241-
.
Pseudomyrma
lyncea,
Mayr, 1870:972.
Pseudomyrmex
lynceus,
Kempf, 1961:390Kempf, 1970:20.
Typelocality: Coquimbo, chile.
This is a widespread, arboreal species. The
peculiar, elongate body form will inmediately
sepárate Pseudomyrmex from other Chilean
391,
fig.
ant
genera;
26, 30, 33;
the
uniformly
blackish
color
of
X
o
E
0)
E
E 5
I
,r«s^2^
(fí
^^<.
"1
—
.-._/.'
_
o.
"O
to
Ü
(A
-
^-
x^
—
r"
J~...
r't--
¿í;^
I^—
—
'
'
'
'
h
A
r
'
CM
•a
"";'
/^'
"V.
•
--/.,
,,
s,
=,
—
5,
a
a,
S.
S,
70
Rev. Chilena Ent.
between
lynceus will distinguish
this
and the
following species.
(Map
Localities
Atacama:
chile.
2).
piapó
Coquimbo:
(uch).
Parque
ba-
km N Co-
hía Copiapó, 45 m. elev. (ucb); 20
Nac.
Fray
Jorge, 100-200 m. elev. (ucb); 10 km E Parque
Nac. Fray Jorge (ucb); 50 km S La Serena
km S Los Viles (cas); 35 mi S Ovalle
30 km S Combarbalá (cas); [Coquim-
(cas); 15
(cas);
9,
1975
by Wheeler (1919) and subsequently repeatec
by Kempf (1972) does not refer to striatus.
Wheeler (1924) recognized that the insular
form was distinct and described it as williamsi.
This is the first record of the subfamily Cerapachyinae
in Chile.
Locality
40 m.
elev.,
(Map 2). chile. Tarapacá: Arica,
24 Sept. 1966 (M. E. Irwin; ucb).
bo; type series of lyncea Spinola, 1851). Aconcagua: [Santa Rosa; type series of lyncea Spinola,
km
90
1851);
flower
(ex
cuesta
raíso:
Valparaíso,
(mcz);
S lUapei (cas); Los Molles
Puya sp; lacm). ValpaPucalan, 800 m. elev. (ucb);
stalks
of
Marga-Marga
(mcz);
Llay-Llay
(uch);
Quillota
SUBFAMILY MYRMICINAE
Valley
(cas);
Al-
garrobo (msto). Santiago: Quebrada de la
Plata Rinconada, 510 m. elev. (ucb); El Canelo
(ucb, mcz); Santiago (mcz); cuesta La Dormida (lacm); San José de Maipo, 1000 m. elev.
(mcz, msto); El Manzano (msto); Río Colorado, km 8 (msto). Colchagua: San Vicente
Tagua-Tagua (msto). Curicó: cajón de
Río Claro, 1000 m. elev. (ucb). Talca: quebrada Amarillo (uch). Nuble: 50 km E San
Carlos (cas). Biobío: Biobío (mcz).
de
The
subfamily Myrmicinae is the largest in Chi21 recognized species. Four of these
species are introduced and not definitely knowni
with
le,
The
native component, 17
endemic Chilean genus,
Nothidris, as well as the anomalous Patagonian
genus Antichthonidris.
The two genera Pogonomyrmex and Solenopsis account for over half the myrmicine fauna.
Pogonomyrmex is a moderate-sized genus of
températe regions of North and South America,
be
to
established.
species, includes the only
well-represented
a
are
Argentina.
in
Solenopsis
complex cosmopolitan
iarge,
many
species
tropical
in
genus.
and
is
There
températe
South America.
Pseudomyrmex
A
sp.
worker specimen from Quebrada de
la Plata Rinconada, Maipú, 510 m. elev., 26
Jan. 1966 (M. E. Irwin; ucb) cannot be identified.
KEV TO CHILEAN GENERA OF MYRMICINAE
BASED ON WORKERS
single
1
It is apparently a member of the gracilis group,
wide-spread in tropical America. Mandibles,
clypeus,
frontal
lobes,
mesonotum are
the body
scape,
ferruginous,
pronotum
the
Antenna
twelve-segmented,
rarely
with
a
distinct
two-segmenled club; head and/or thorax often conspicuously densely punctate and/or rugulose
Antenna ten-segmented, last two forming a distince
two-segmented club; head and thoracic dorsum smooth
and shiny between widely spaced punrtures (median
lobe of clypeus with lateral carinae which termínate
beyond apical margín as a pair of denticles
—
and
remainder of
and the appendages black.
2
Solenopsisi
2.
striatus
tibial spurs,
when
present, simple,
never pectinate
SUBFAMILY CERAPACHYINAE
Cylindromyrmex
Middle and hind
— Middle
27)
Mayr
and hind
(dorsal
I
3
thoracic
tibial
spurs finely pectinate
sutures
absent
or
(fig.
obsolescent,
no impression between mesonotum and propodeum;
(Fig. 19-22)
propodeum with
a pair of spines or denticles)
Pogonomyrmex
Cylindromyrmex
striatus
1870:967.
Mayr,
9; Mayr. 1887:546; Emery, 1901:53; Emery
1911:15; Wheeler, 1937:444; Kempf, 1972:91.
Holcoponera whymperi Cameron, in Whymper, 1891:92. 9
3.
along basal margin, not
forming a sharp ridge between clypeus and antennal
body usually smooth
— Lateral
ed
into
a
4
lobe of clypeus along basal margin elevat-
sharp cariniform ridge which
separates
clypeus from antennal socket; head and thorax rugu-
whymperi,
Forel,
lose
1892:
4.
255.
Tetramorium
and punctulate
Basal face of propodeum
at least
angulate
at
juncture
with posterior face, usually with spines or short den-
Type
peri:
fíat
socket;
.
Cylindromyrmex
Lateral lobe of clypeus
locality. striatus:
dutch guian a. whym-
ecuador.
This species was originally described from
Dutch Guiana and subsequently recorded from
French and British Guiana, Ecuador and Perú.
The record from the Galápagos Islands cited
median lobe of clypeur bicarinate or simple;
head and/or thorax often at least partially rugulose
ticles;
5
— Basal
face of
terior face;
propodeum
fully
rounded
into pos-
median lobe of clypeus with a pair of lateral
and shiny or densely punctulate,
carinae; body smooth
but not rugulose
monomorium
lynceus: 14,
Píate 3. Figs. 14-22. Pseudomyrmecinae and Cerapachyinae. 14-18, Pseudomyrmex
view of
head of male, frontal view; 15, lateral view of male; 16, head of female, frontal view; 17, lateral
female; 18, lateral view of worker. 19-22, Cylmdromyrmex striatus: 19, lateral view of female; 20,
view.
lateral view of male; 21, lateral view of worker; 22, head of worker, frontal
72
5.
Rev. Chilena Ent.
Monomorphifc;
antennal
scape
usually
not
ing beyond occipital margin, and never by
one-sixth
its
length; mesonotal profile
— Dimorphif,
major
with
and with occiput
large
1975
9,
— Frontal
extend-
more than
uniform
of clypeus large, extending
beyond apical margin of
Antichthomdns
Mid and hind tibia each with a distinn apical spur;
median lobe of clypeus not extending beyond clypeal
margin (figs. 38, 40, 42)
Nothidris
29, 31)
(figs.
—
Pogonomyrmex
II
Pogonomyrmex angustus
Mayr,
1870:970.
?; Mayr, 1887:609, 612-613. ?9í; Berg.
1890:10, Emery, 1905:158; Forel, 1907:4.
Ephebomyrmex angustus, Kusnezov,
353-354
by
It
morphologically variable,
is
and several of the more
named
all
as varieties.
belong
the
to
Colé
by
defined
is
distinct
groups are represented. The two species which
comprise the bispinosus group are large ants,
the body abundantly marked with ferruginous,
the head relatively large, and seeds form a promi-
1959:
Kempf,
chile.
Pogonomyr-
the only one of the small
is
common.
at all
easily recognized
It is
black color, coarsely striate and punc-
all
and rugulose,
head,
(Map
Localities
río
very
that
km
go:
Two
1970:21;
closely
punctulate
thorax.
forms have been
(1968).
locality. Valdivia,
This
its
The Chilean Pogonomyrmex
subgenus Ephebomyrmex as
distinct
Type
tulate
,
common.
Kempf,
(biology);
1972:106.
mex
This genus includes several common and widely
distributed
species
which
may be locally
abundant. One species, vermiculatus
is
especially
reddish,
Kusnezov
(Fig. 23)
notum, in profile, with two distinct faces sharply
angular to ene another (fig. 34)
Pheidole
Mid and hind tibiae without apical spur; median lobe
clypeus
odoratus
Pogonomyrmex angustus Mayr
scape of minor, but not of major, exceeding occipital
margin by about one-third its length (fig. 36); meso-
6.
head and thorax
fine;
apically
6
head disproportionately
in middle (figs. 33, 36);
cleft
very
striae
brownish
gaster
S
Illapel
chile.
3).
Aconcagua: 90
Los Perales,
Valparaíso:
(cas).
Marga-Marga, 330 m. elev. (ucb). Santiacuesta La Dormida, 1000 m. elev. (ucb,
lacm); cerro El Roble, ca 2000 m elev. (lacm);
El Manzano (msto). Colchagua: 3 km N Callejones (ucb). Cuneó: cajón de Río Claro, SE
small heads,
belong to the angustus group. Members of this
group are general feeders which do not gather
Los Queñes, 1000 m elev. (ucb). Nuble: 50
San Carlos (cas). Arauco: 20 km
Caramávida, 750 m elev. (ucb). Málleco: Parque
Nac. Nahuelbuta (lacm). Cautín: 12.3 km
N Loncoche, 280 m elev. (ucb); 20 km E Temuco (cas); [cerro Ñielol, 23 Nov. 1967 (W.
W. KempO; Kempf, 1970]; 10 mi NE Pucón,
significant quantities of seeds.
(cas).
nent part of the
blackish
diet.
The
with
species,
smaller, brownish to
relatively
W
km E
Valdivia:
same
1870];
KEY TO CHILEAN POGONOMYRMEX
rral;
Forel,
type series,
[Valdivia;
1907].
Llanquihue:
1.
Petrohué, lago Todos
(lacm). Chiloé: Dalcahue (msto).
Ventral surface of head with an arcuate row of long
ammochetae which extend mesially over guiar área;
guiar área smooth and shiny, sharply differentiated
from
sculptured áreas,
lateral
Pogonomyrmex
2
differentiated
from
rest
of ventral
surface;
at base,
3
strongly thickened, about as thick as
widthf postpetiole without transverse striae
on dorsal surface; first gastric tergum never longitu-
apical
dinally striate
bispinosus (Spinola)
— Scape
narrowed at base, its greatest thickness at
bend no more than half apical width; dorsum of post-
petiole conspicuously transversely striate; firts gastric
tergum often longitudinally
3.
striate
vermiculatus Emery
Occiput and thoracic dorsum smooth and shiny
4
Entire head, including occiput, longitudinally striate
—
interspaces
dull,
closely
punctulate;
thorax coarsely
rugulose, with dull, punctulate interspaces
angustus
4.
bispinosus (Spinola)
(Fig. 24, 27, 28)
smaller
species (angustus group)
Scape,
Santos
surface of head with scattered, irregularly
spaced hairs over entire área; guiar área not sharply
2.
los
larger species (bispi-
nosus group)
— Ventral
Mayr,
(amnh);
[puerto CoOsorno: Pucatrihue (ucb).
locality
Frontal striae moderately toarse;
gaster black
(Mayr)
head, thorax and
laevigatus Santschi
Atta
9
bispinosa
Spinola
í ).
Pogonomyrmex
.
in
Gay, 1851:244-246.
(not ?
Mayr,
bispinosus,
1870:
971-972; Gallardo, 1932:133; Goetsch; 1933:
311-312 (biology); Menozzi, 1935:332; Cekalovic, 1964: s.p.; Kempf, 1970-20; Kempf, 1972:
207.
Type
locality.
Santa
Rosa de
Los
Andes,
CHILE.
This
large
species
is
easily
recognized
by
the basally thickened scape and lack of trans-
verse
striae
Workers
on
also
populations
of
the
differ
node of the postpetiole.
from those of northern
vermiculatus
by
the
lack
of
I
Snclling y Hunt:
Píate 4
Fies.
23-28.
The
ants (ildhilc
f
Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Myrmicinae, Pogonomyrmex workers: 23,
P
anguslus.
vermiculalus, same, 27,
bispinosus, same; 25, P. odoralus, same, 26, P.
spur; 28, P. bispmosus, lateral view.
24,
P
P
frontal
view of head;
btspinuíus. hind tibial
X
o
o
E
E
|§
E 3
O M
C 3
O O)
O) c
o (O
O) "O
o.
®
1-
-"r
X/^
a
T
I
-
"A
rli
co
""i
\
\
^-
-^
=1
í:i
a,
=1
=1
=,
«1
V
«.
S,
S,
IC,
Snelling y Hunt;
and
iense punctulae
striae
on the
The
first
gastric
ergum.
The
present
ant
original
Spinola's
accords
more
of
description
with
closely
the
than
is
(1905), convinced that two different
forms were represented in the type series, proposed to cali the Tucapel specimens var. spinolae,
lEmery
automatically
the type
restricting
locality
Rosa de Los Andes and making the
worker the type. The worker was described as
red, with the first gastric tergum smooth
all
and shiny. Subsequent investigators saw various samples, some bicolored, some with the
Santa
tergum variously sculptured, but, apparently, none which were whoUy red and with a
smooth gaster. These were described as varieties
of bispinosus, even though there was no clear
first
idea of the identity of "typical" bisptnosus.
A
I
Puerto
Montt,
Puerto
Cayatué,
bispi-
[rom Santa Rosa de Los Andes, Aconcagua, and
and males from Tucapel, Nuble.
Témales
to
odoratus. All recorded localities are from
Llanquihue:
Varas.
wsus worker than does the usual interpretation
which was always vague. The difficulties begin
tvith the type series, for Spinola had workers
thus
75
ants of Chile (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Pogonomyrmex odoratus
Kusnezov
(Fig. 25)
Pogonomyrmex
(Ephebomyrmex)
odoratus
Kusnezov, 1949:298-299,302-307. 9 9 í.
Ephebomyrmex odoratus, Kusnezov, 1959:
354; Kempf, 1970:22; Kempf, 1972:106.
Type
None
locality.
Kusnezov
designated.
(1949:299) lists six localities in northwestern
Patagonia, argentina. Of these, we here select
the
first listed, Hua Hum, as the type locality.
The wholly ferruginous color and smooth
head and thorax will readily sepárate
this
from
other species oí Pogonomyrmex.
Localities
(Map
chile. Malleco: Parque
Petro-
3).
Nac. Nahuelbuta (lacm). Llanquihue:
hué, lago Todos los Santos (lacm).
few samples from Aconcagua and Santiago
which do meet the crucial criteria
are available
Pogonomyrmex vermiculatus Emery
from the right área, they
and the first gastric tergum
smooth and shiny. This species is, in our
'for bispinosus: they are
¡are uniformly red,
is
'opinión, the true bispinosus.
bisptnosus
to
attributed
semistriata
The
several forms
(i.e.,
intermedia,
and spinolae) are conspecific with
(Fig. 26)
Pogonomyrmex
one another, but not with bispmosus. They are
much more
closely
are here removed to the
Localities
(Map
km E Papudo
and
related to vermiculatus
synonymy
4).
(cas); 3
chile.
km N
of that species.
Aconcagua:
10
Zapallar (lacm);
[Santa Rosa de Los Andes; types of bispinosus
1851]. Santiago: El Coipo (msto); El
Peumo; río Maipo (msto); cuesta La Dor-
Pogonomyrmex
bispinosus
Emery, 1905:158:
1932:131, fig.
1970:21;
do,
9;
1905:
Emery,
vermiculatus
9; Cekalovic, 1964:
1972:209.
Kempf,
1970:21;
157-158.
Kempf,
s.p.;
var.
semistriata
1912:16; GallarGoetsch, 1932:6-30;
Forel,
19;
Kempf,
Kempf,
synonymy.
Pogonomyrmex
bispinosus
1972:207.
var.
new
spinolae
Spinola,
Emery, 1905:158. 9í; Santschi; 1925:223.
9; Kempf, 1970:21; Kempf, 1972:207. new
mida (lacm).
synonymy.
Pogonomyrmex
Pogonomyrmex
Type
locality.
laevigatus
(Ephebomyrmexj
Pogonomyrmex
9; Goetsch, 1933:331-332
Santschi, 1921:97
argentina;
(biology).
chile.
Ephebomyrmex
354
(distr.,
laevigatus,
biology);
1959:
Kempf, 1970:22; Kempf,
1972:106.
Type
is
var.
Kempf,
1935:320.
9;
Menozzi,
synonymy.
new
1972:207.
Kempf,
laevigatus Santschi
Kusnezov,
bispinosus
Cayutué, chile.
No specimens of this ant have been seen. It
most similar to odoratus in that the head and
locality:
thorax are largely smooth and shiny. The body,
however, is wholly blackish and the striae on
the lower part of the head are said to be coarser
intermedia
1970:21;
vermiculatus: Río Santa Cruz,
semistriata: Talca, chile; spinolae:
Tucapel, chile; intermedia: Volcán de Chillan,
We
the
are using vermiculatus as the
common, widely
distributed
ñame
species
for
more
usually called bispinosus. There are no apprecidifferences between Patagonian vermicuand the several Chilean infraspecific forms
usually assigned to bispinosus. There are so
able
latus
many
populations of indeterminate status that
of any of these nomínate forms is
recognition
impossíble, henee the above synonymy.
~-^ ^ ,^-^l<^'-'-'^-..
X
O
E
(O
S?
V)
«
E o
o c
11
o n
®
a.
(O
E¿
H
o to >
a
Snelling y Hunt:
The true bispinosus is another matter, howThe types carne from Santa Rosa de Los
ver.
Aconcagua.
Prov.
Andes,
Spinola's description can be
For the most part,
appHed to vermicu-
however, state that the
smooth and shiny. All
as here understood,
vermiculatus
of
material
from Aconcagua, has the first gastric tergum
covered with very fine longitudinal
closely
striations and the surface densely, finely puncSpinola
iatus.
does,
tergum
gastric
ifirst
is
,
resultant surface has a very charac-
The
tulate.
teristic dull, satiny
sheen. There exists, in Acon-
Pogonomyrmex which,
cagua, another species of
in our opinión, better matches the description
and it
assign Spinola's ñame.
of bispinosus,
species that
to that
is
bilis
i
í
\
!
We
Santschi.
have
not
seen
sufficient
material of any of these to form definite opinions
about them, but we suspect that the last three, at
least, will prove to be synonyms oívermiculatus.
Northern populations of vermiculatus usually
whoUy ferruginous and most, or all, of the
dorsum of the first gastric tergum is closely
punctulate and striolate. Specimens from Prov.
are
Nuble have the thorax black. The sculpture of
first tergum is present over the basal one-
the
third, or less, of the segment. In the
few specimens
seen from Prov. Magallanes, the thorax, gaster
and appendages are blackish; only the head is
ferruginous. The fine punctulae and striolae of
the first tergum are usually confined to the basal
may cover half, or more,
of the segment. There is so much variation within
populations that we see no valué to recognizing
one-fourth or
but
less,
these populations as subspecies.
Males of this species have been taken between
November
the period 21
in
to
29 January, mostly
(Map
4).
chile. Antofagasta:
1932; Goetsch,
Goetsch,
elev.
19321;
8
1932];
km SE
Santiago:
(ucb).
Canelo
1935];
El
Maipo
(uch);
Peumo
El
(ucb,
[Viña del Mar;
Quintay, 150 m
[Santiago;
msto);
San
(msto);
cajón
Maipo
del
Maipo
de
José
(msto);
quebrada
Cuneó: Curicó, 1300 ft.
Talca:
Talca (Silvestri; coelev.
(usnm).
1905), Nuble:
types of semistriatus Emery,
Termas
de Chillan, 1350
Las Trancas rd., near
1700
Chillan,
[Volcán
de
m elev. (ucb);
El
m
(msto).
types of intermedia Menozzi,
elev.;
[Tucapel;
types
of
1935];
Emery,
spinolae
Penco
Concepción:
1905].
Magallanes:
(usnm).
Río Baguales, Estancia Cerro Guido (ucon).
Antichthonidris
The two
•
have been
monomoriines.
Described as species of Monomorium, they were
assigned to the subgenus Notomyrmex by Emery
(1915), accompanied by another Chilean species, latastei. These three species were removed
from Notomyrmex to the new genus Nothidris
by Ettershank (1966), which had as its type,
Snelling (1975) proposed to remove
latastei.
bidentatus and denticulatus from Nothidris,
of Antichthonidris
species
tradionally
associated
with
the
based principally upon characteristics of the
males which required their exclusión from
Nothidris; the new genus Antichthonidris was
proposed, with bidentatus as type species.
of Antichthonidris are ungenus seems most closely allied
such pheidoline genera as Stenamma. Male
The
affinities
certain, but the
to
thoracic
and
structure
wing
are
venation
worker clypeal
structure and the lack of apical spurs on the
middle and hind tibiae. The worker differs
suggestive of that genus as are
from
that
W
gua: Los Molles (lacm); E entrance to tunnel,
90 km S lUapel (cas); 10 km E Papudo (cas).
Valparaíso: [Valparaíso; Santschi, 1925; Gallardo,
Manzano
(msto);
of
Stenamma by
the large,
multifa-
and the barely depressed metanotum.
Tu-
Fray Jorge, 5 km
Pachingo, 550 m elev. (ucb); Parque Nac.
Fray Jorge, 15 km SW Pachingo, 100-200 m
elev. (ucb); Bosque Fray Jorge (cas); 30 km
N lUapel, 5000 ft. elev. (cas); 28 mi N CombarbaFá (cas); 35 mi S Ovalle (cas). Aconca-
Coquimbo:
(msto).
El
cues-
Peñaflor;
de Pudahuel; San Antonio; Goetsch, 1932];
ceted eyes
Prov. Santiago.
Localities
ri
San Cristóbal; Maipo;
[cerro
ta
11
we
Several Argentinian forms have been described as varieties of vermiculatus: atratus Santschi,
chubutensis Forel, joergenseni Forel and varia-
1
:
The ants of Chile (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Menozzi,
Rinconada-
Peumo- Río Maipo (msto);
Antichthonidris bidentatus (Mayr)
(Fig. 29-30)
Monomorium
9 9
;
bidentatum
Mayr,
1887:616.
Berg, 1890:9.
Monomorium (Notomyrmex) bidentatum,
Emery, 1915:190; Kusnezov, 1949:431-434.
bidentatum
(Notomyrmex)
Monomorium
1949:468Borgmeier.
piceonigrum
subsp.
,
469,figs. 16,17. 9
Notomyrmex
.
bidentatus,
Kusnezov,
1959:
345-347, fig. 2, 3b.
Nothidris bidentatus, Ettershank, 1966:106,
107; Kempf, 1970:22; Kempf, 1972:165.
Rev. Chilena Enl, 9, l';73
35
Píate 5. Figs. 29-37. Vlyrmicinae. 29, Antichíhonidris btdenlaíus, worker, front of head; 3U, same,
mandible; 31, A. denticulatus, worker, front of head; 32, same, lateral view. 33-37, Pheidole chtlensis;
33, soldier, front of head; 34, soldier, lateral- view; 35, soldier, guiar teeth; 36, worlser, front of head;
37; worker, lateral view.
i
i
Snelling y Hunt:
Type
bidentatus,
Snelling,
1975.
Valdivia,
chile;
configuration of the mandible, clypeus,
and petiole (figs. 31, 32) will readily
The
horax
from
aparate this species
(Map
Localities
chile.
[Val-
Valdivia:
Mayr, 1887]. Osor(cas); Puyehue
Llanquihue
shore, lago
Purranque (cas). Chibé:
18 km
n.
W
cas);
Manao
a
::hacao
km E Temuco
20
(ucon);
volcán
Cautín:
„CAS).
type
via;
km
Mayr,
1887);
(cas);
Osorno: 10 km E
PeuUa, lago Todos los Santos (lacm);
Petrohué, 100 m elev. (ucb). Chiloé: Chacao
a Manao (ucon). Magallanes: Mina Elena,
seno Skyring, isla Riesco (ucon); [pto. Toro,
hue:
Navarino,
isla
type
of
navarinensis
Forel,
1904b).
Antichthonidris denticulatus (Mayr)
(Fig. 31-32)
Pheidole chilensis Mayr
\Monomorium
Emery,
9 9;
615
1905:120;
Goetsch,
denticulatum
var.
1933:
349.
Monomorium
navari-
nenmForel, 1904b:7. 9.
Monomorium
1905:120. 9
iry,
denticulatum var. picea
denticula-
Menozzi,
1935:320,
Kempf, 1972:189.
Type
subsp.
denticulatum,
1948:469-470,
(Map
denticulatus,
Kusnezov,
Type
Ettershank,
1966:
Kempf, 1970:23; Kempf, 1972:165.
locality.
genus was
denticulatum:
Valdivia,
reception
the
two
and
1975.
chi-
Navarino, Pto. Toro,
CH\is., picea Temuco, chile; inerme: Hua Hum,
navarinensis:
Isla
among
proposed
other
Ettershank
by
Monomorium
of
species.
He
varieties
described by Forel and
Eme-
on minor differences in color; that
of Borgmeier on obsolescence of the propodeal
Kusnezov (1959) correctly recognized
spines.
these to be unimportant variations wfhich occur
sporadically throughout the range of the species, and they were placed in synonymy.
This
is
bidentatus.
a
much more common
The distribution and
new
biology
might be a social parasite.
data are available.
Me-
standing,
back
dating
is
type
the
to
Emery
species
(1905).
Nothidris
of
quite different from the other two, as shown
the key above. These species, bidentatus
and
were removed from Nothi-
denticulatus,
by Snelling (1975) to the new genus Antichthonidris. At the same time, Megalomyrmex
bicolor Ettershank was transferred to Notdris
and a new
hidris
species,
was
cekalovici
des-
cribed.
species than
of
both species are reported by Kusnezov (1959),
who speculated that the mixed nests which
contain both species may be proof that bidentatus is dulotic. Ettershank (1966) opined
that bidentatus
to
galomyrmex. The association of the three species
placed in Nothidris by Ettershank is one of long
in
ry are based
Nothidris
placed
those genera most closely related
Nevertheless,
argentina.
for
Mayr
latastet
.
The
Tarapacá:
Prov.
1959:
This
denticulatus,
Antichthonidris denticulatus, Snelling,
le;
chile.
figs.
3a.
fig.
Nothidris
106, 107;
5).
Nothidris Ettershank
Notomyrmex
347-350,
from Chile is available. The
Lima, Perú (Kempf,
Arica, 5 April, 1951 (E. S. Ross; cas).
199.
18,
"Chile".
1970).
Locality
(Notomyrmex)
Borgmeier,
inerme
locality.
single record
species has also been taken at
333; Kusnezov, 1949:432-434.
Monomorium
;
;
A
(Notomyrmex)
1915:190;
Emery,
Eme-
chilensis
Mayr, 1862:748-749. 4
Pheidole
9 9 í
Mayr, 1865: 94-96, fig, 27. 4 9 9 í
1970:22;
605:
Kempf,
1887:585,
Mayr,
.
Monomorium
tum,
(Fig. 33-37)
1887:614-
Mayr,
denticulatum
No
KEY TO SPECIES OF NOTHIDRIS
1.
Head
cor.colorous with thorax; gaster darker
concolorous
X
el);
with
gaster,
propodeum
I
1
30
Los Muermos (cas).
Puyehué, (cas). Llanqui-
Valdivia
S
[Valdi-
Valdivia:
1905).
denticulatum
of
[Temuco;
(lacm);
Villarrica
type of picea Emery,
congener.
types of bidentatus
livia;
w:
5).
its
(Map 5). chile. Santiago: quede la Plata Rinconada, 510 m elev.
(ucb). Nuble: 2.7 km Las Trancas, 1320 m
elev.
(ucb). Concepción: Concepción (ucon).
Localities
brada
Hau Hum, argentina.
ticeonigrum:
79
bidentatum:
Antichthomdris
locality.
The
prqiections
malar arca
at
distintly angulate or
(if
least
head
1.10
with sharp
-T
-
=
A
1
a
o
.'i"
1
a
-
—
'
1
lO
\
1
\
•
,
\
^V
S
r^^^^
:~-^
"-V
\
<
^
y
\
ô
V..
.
-i ..
—^--^
^
—__
':
^
"^-r
S,
=1
=1
B|
%\
..=1
«,
c,
c,
The
Snelling y Hunt;
ants of Chile
— Head
concolorous with gasler; thorax lighter;
malar área 0.79-1.00 x el; propodeum rounded, not
angulate
all
at
malar área
than wide;
X
or more,
1.2,
longer
el
X
antennomere 0.77-1.20
malar área usually less than
te
longer
X el
.2
1
(Emery)
latastéi
....
rro
wide;
than
and posterior
9
1-5
8, figs.
;
1965:55-
Ettershank,
Ettershank, 1966:105; Kempf,
Kempf,
1970b:359;
Kempf,
!970a:23{part);
Serena,
Although
was
this
a Megalomyrmex
ncluded in Nothidris
is
tiorphologically
ijpecies of this
Localities
we
believe
since
it
must
it
appears
similar
very
(Map
rro
na
(type
series,
chile.
6).
8500
ft.
be
elev.
Ñu-
(uch).
(msto);
cordi-
de Chillan (cotypes of latastei; mnhg).
Fundo Pinares (ucon); ConConcepción:
cepción, (amnh, mcz, ucon); Florida (ucon).
Abanico
El
Camino
Cautín:
(mcz).
(uch).
Parque Nac.
Chiquaihue Hills, nr.
(ucon);
(lacm);
Nahuelbuta
Mulchén
(cas);
Collipulli
Villarri-
(ucon);
(Molco)
ca-Pucón (ucon); Villarrica
[Temuco; Emery, 1905]
be
to
Solenopsis Westwood
type
the
to
Coquimbo:
La
near
elev,,
quebrada
ce-
Sere-
Algarro-
Valparaíso:
mcz).
Santiago:
(msto).
originally
m
Linares:
(ucb).
Talca
Talca:
genus.
Pachón, ca
bo
described
La
llera
Collipulli
IHILE.
Queñes
Los
of
Malleco:
La
ce-
Manzano
El
O'Higgtns:
100 m
Claro,
Río
del
cajón
(ucon).
Biobío:
972:139.
Nothidris bicolor, Snelling. 1975.
Type locality. Cerro Pachón, nr.
Santiago:
(lacm); cuesta
elev.
El Coihueco, 650
ble:
bicolor
chile.
6).
m
(lacm);
Bullileo
(Fig. 38-39)
Aegalomyrmex
(Map
SE
elev.,
jarojections
triangular
faces.
Cuneó:
(msto).
Nothidris bicolor (Ettershank)
of
con-
the juncture of the basal
at
Roble, ca. 2000
Dormida
those
propodeal
by the
short,
widely
workers
from
separated
species
for
Localilies
penultima-
projections;
polyphasic
are usually present
usually
angulate,
sharply
triangular
distinct
with
least
at
common and
easily
two
other
both
strongly
is
The
figuration,
bicolor (Ettershank)
— Propodeum
species
usually
are
the
projec-
X
1.25-1.45
antennomere
penultimate
sharp
without
but
angulate,
Propodeum
tion
This
distributed.
juncture of basal and posterior
Snelling
cekalovia
at
f2(.g5
(Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
de
la
Plata
of the species of this cosmopolitan genus
are small to minute cryptobionts. The few Shi-
Most
but
another,
the
all
there
one
species
Neotropical
studied
carefuUy
been
have
Rinconada (ucb).
until
from
separated
easily
are
species
lean
no
is
cer-
nomenclature is stable. Most
of the species in this genus are poorly known
Nothidris cekalovici Snelling
and
(Fig. 40-41)
lists
Kempf (1972)
described.
inadequately
almost 150 ñames available for the species
than
other
Nothidris cekalovici Snelling, 1975: 3. 9
Type locality. 10 km N Pichidangui, chile.
This small species is known only from the
type series. The dark head and unarmed pro.
podeum
are characteristic oí cekalovici.
(Map 6). chile. Prov. Aconcagua:
N Pichidangui, Carr. Panam. km 206,
not
the
that
lainty
most,
forms,
large
the
these
of
there
but
'Tire
are
are
Many,
ants".
if
synonymous
numerous undes-
doubtless
likely
cribed species also.
KEY TO CHILEAN SOLENOPSIS WORKERS
Locality
10
km
23 Dec. 1963 (T. Cekalovic; type
ucon).
series,
1.
lacm,
(Fig. 42-43)
half
of
Emery,
1
895 b: 10-
latastei
3.
Nothidris
latastei,
Ettershank,
48-50;
Kempf,
1970:23;
1966,
Kempf,
lengths
107,
— Last
1972:
165; Snelling, 1975.
Type locality. Cordillera de Chillan, chile.
antennomere
Last
lengths
4.
Eye
of
no
segments
2-8,
antennomere
clearly
segments
of
larger,
of
by abouttwice
its
6-8
longer
Emery
combined
than
usually
shorter
longer than
maximun
4
combined
2-8
facets;
3
striae;
shiny, with fine, cióse longitudinal
from of head with scattered fine punctures
slightly
11.9; Emery, 1905:119.
figs.
mesopleura smooth and shiny, sometimes lightly punctulate along margins; propodeal
side, below level of gland, with striae sparse or
Lower
absent, surface shiny; cephalic punctures variable ...
Lower half of mesopleura and of propodeal side
Nothidris latastei (Emery)
latastei
2
gayi (Spinola)
2.
Monomorium
Eye composed of fewer than ten facets
Eye composed of more than twenty facets
3
scape
diameter
short
of
occiput
germamt Emerv
K2
Rev. Chilena
Km
";,
1475
42
Píate 6. Figs. 38-43. Myrmicinae,
view; 40,
view.
A',
Xothidns workers. 38, .V
cekaínvici, front of head, 41. same, lateral view, 42,
bicolor,
front of head, 39, same, lateral
.V. latastei,
from
of head, 43,
same,
lateral
(A
._
L.
o
^
o
o
>
—
O
—
±^ w
o^ zo
z
®
^
(/)
(O
0)
l_
T3
(0
(0
£
^rf
^rf
o
(0
O
^
i«
\
i
1/
)
(.
/
,-'
\
^^
3
.
§
s
c
i
^:\-
1
~\
i'
;
O
i -
1
A
'
^^.-^"*—
1
""A
,-
(0
\
''î-^^'-•'X-,^•''"V
)
.^^
v_
(
\
\
•j
5^
a,
Sé
S,
——^—
]
N.
s,
=,
=,
«:,
84
Rev. Chilena Ent.
— Eye
smaller, of 2-4 facets, scape short of occiput
by about three times
Emery
patagonicus
5.
Eye
pigmented,
from the
maximun diameter
its
composed
3-4
of
facets;
1975
9,
Province of Tarapacá in the north
Province of Malleco in the south.
to the
frontal
punctures separated by 2-3 times a puncture's diameter, distinctly greater in diameter than hairs
arising
— Eye
from them
unpigmented,
of
a
single
facet;
frontal punctures separated by four or more times
a puncture diameter, hardly larger in diameter than
hairs arising form
them
9
Solenopsis dysderces Snelling
(Fig. 44-45)
Type
This
minute
km N
?
species
Zapallar, chile.
known
is
and
punctures
frontal
This
only
single
faceted
eye are diagnostic.
(Map
Locality
3
#
km N
Aconcagua: ca.
1972 (J. H. Hunt,
chile.
8).
Zapallar, 28 Oct.
958; LACM).
Solenopsis gayi (Spinola)
.
Solenopsis
gayí
Mayr,
1870:971-972;
1909:268-269;
Wheeler,
1925:35;
Creighton, 1930:48-51, pl. 4, fig. 6; Menozzi,
1935:320,
333;
Brown, 1950:248; Kempf,
1970:24; Kempf, 1972:235.
Forel,
Mayr,
1865:108-
109; Berg, \S90:8 {mistdenl.)
261. 9
;
Type
gayí
var.
Santschi,
fazi
Creighton, 1930:51-52,
locality.
if
not
collected.
Chillan;
m
(msto);
elev.
Llanquihue:
10
Peulla,
of
germaini].
km E Puyehue
lago
(lacm);
Todos
Todos
(cas).
Santos
los
Petrohué,
lago
los
Santos
Puerto Varas (amnh). Aisén:
4.8
km
Chile Chico, 400
elev. (ucb); Balmaceda (ucon). Chiloé: ó km
Castro, is-
1923:
W
la
m
W
Chiloé (ucon).
pl. 4, fig. 3.
Solenopsis helena Emery
(Fig. 55-56)
CHILE.
This
medium-sized
ant"
one of
the commonest ants in Chile, and is the most
widely distributed. The var. fazi was based
on a minor color variant and was rightly sy-
nonymized
form,
types
Concepción
(amnh).
Malleco:
Parque
Nac.
Nahuelbuta,
1100-1200
m
elev.
(lacm, ucb, ucon; cordillera Las Raíces
(msto).
Cautín:
Llaima,
lago
Quepe
(ucon);
lago
Quillehue
(ucon).
Valdivia:
puerto Corral
(types of schedingí;
mngh);
same locality (amnh, lacm). Osorno: n. shore,
lago
Llanquihue,
(cas);
Pucatrihue,
1500
Rosa de Los Andes,
Santa
de
(lacm);
Solenopsis geminata gayí Emery,
1895 b;
Emery, 1905:121; Goetsch, 1933:322-324.
Solenopsis
whoUy, subterranean, it is not often
Very likely the species is more
abundant than present records would indícate.
Localities
(Map 7). chile. Coquimbo:
Bosque Fray Jorge (ucon). Cuneó: Los Queñes,
1200 m elev.
(ucb).
Talca:
Vegas
del Flaco (lacm). Nuble:
Las Trancas rd.,
1350 m elev., nr. Termas de Chillan (ucb);
gely,
[cordillera
Myrmica Gayí Spinola, in Gay, 1851. 9 9 S
Pogonomyrmex gayi Mayr, 1868:170.
gemínala,
one of the commonest of the small.i
Solenopsis.
Because it is lar-
is
cryptobiotic
Concepción:
(Fig. 1-5,46-51)
Solenopsis
;
Type locality. germaini: cordillera de Chi
Uán, chile; schedingí: puerto Corral, chile.
.
from
The elongate apical antennomere,
type series.
sparce
Ca. 3
locality.
2.
germaini Emery, 1895 b: 12, figs
Emery, 1896:51.
Solenopsis germaini schedingí Forel, 1907:
4-5. 9 9 í. Kempf, 1970:25; Kempf, 1972236. NEW SYNONYMY.
Solenopsis
germaini
Kempf,
1970:24;!
Kempf, 1972:236.
Solenopsis
dysderces Snelling
Solenopsis dysderces Snelling, 1975:
(Fig. 52-54)
Emery
helena
consisting
Solenopsis germaini Emery
by
bruesi
subspecies.
"fire
Brown
(1950).
available, this
more
may prove
The Peruvian
was described
Creighton,
When
is
to
as
a
becomes
be an independent
material
species.
Many
available
records
for
from Chilean
this
ant
localities.
(Map
7)
are
These range
Solenopsis
9 9
;
helena
Emery,
1895b:14-15,
figs.
Emery, 1896:
Solenopsis
helena
Kempf,
1970:25;
Kempf,
1972:237.
Type
locality.
This
small
mon.
It
may
Santa Rita, chile.
species appears to be uncombe recognized by the long apical
antennomere, coarse frontal
pigmented, 3-4 faceted eye.
(hermione
Wheeler,
ultrix
punctures,
Two
and
subspecies
Wheeler)
have
Snelling y Hunt:
The
view of head and lateral view, respectively,
Píate 7. Figs. 44-51. Myrmicinae, Solenopsis, front
5. ¡fayí, worker; 48, 49, same, female; 50, 51, same, male.
45,5. dysderces, worker; 46, 47,
85
ants of Chile (Hyirtenoptera: Formicidae)
of:
44,
Snelling y Hunt:
described
from
apparently
are
:en
it
South
northern
America
with
he-
Santiago:
ce-
conspecific
not
The
(Map
Localities
O
Puerto Madryn,
Cayuté, lago Todos los
patagónica:
locality.
thoracica:
Santos, chile.
ría.
chile.
8).
Roble, ca. 2000 m elev. (lacm); [Santa Ritypes of helena Emery, 1895b|. Nuble:
lío
Type
argentina;
87
km E
San Carlos
(cas).
No
specimens
patagonicus
of
been
have
available in the Chilean material studied. Kus-
nezov (1959) placed thoracica in synonymy
with patagónica. The listing of thoracica as
a sepárate species by Kempf (1972) appears
to have been in error.
Solenopsis latastei Emery
(Fig. 57-58)
Monomorium
Emery, 1895b: 13-1 4,
latastei
Emery, 1896-53; Emery, 1905:123.
figs.
hlenopsis
9
}
;
Solenopsis
912:7.
237.
NEW
Forel,
Type
1972:
Forel
Kempf,
1970:25;
1935:320Menozzi,
latastei,
Kempf, 1970:25; Kempf, 1972:237.
Solenopsis
Í
Í21, 333;
Type
locality.
Santa
latastei:
Rita,
Atta flaneóla ]tváon, 1851:107. 9
Monomorium floricola Forel, 1901:81.
.
hofjmanm
var.
latastei
9. Kempf,
SYNONYMY.
small
reduced
size,
The
mesopleura.
the
and
on
presence
lower
the
var.
hofjmanm
of
half
is
a
pharaonis (Linne)*
Valparaíso:
(lacm).
Zapallar
(cotypes
Roble, 2000-2100
m
elev.
(lacm); cues-
La Dormida (lacm); Santiago (lacm); [SanEmery, 1895b]; San José de Maipo
tiago,
[Los
1935];
nozzi,
Leones,
[Santa
Peñaflor,
Rita;
Viluco;
Me-
cotypes of latastei
Emery,
[Talca;
Talca:
1895b].
1905]. Nuble: 18, 40, 50 km E San Carlos
mi NE Pucón (cas);
Cautín:
10
(cas).
Pucón (lacm); 20 km E Temuco (cas); [Te-
Emery,
muco, 24 Nov. 1967 (W.
1970)
.
km
Valdivia: 30
locality.
1933-349;
1862:
Me-
Goetsch C
India?
Although reported from Chile by several
authors, no specimens have been available during this study.
Valparaíso
ta
(lacm);
752-753; Goetsch,
nozzi, 1935:96.
Tetramorium caespitum
hoffmanni Forel, 1912; mhng);
30 m elev (lacm). Santiago:
of
Maitencillo,
cerro
Fórmica pharaonis Linne, 1758:580.
Mayr,
pharaonis
Monomorium
Type
of recognition.
(Map 8). chile. Atacama:
Localities
Huasco (lacm); [Copiapó; Menozzi, 1935).
Coquimbo: Ovalle, Bosque Fray Jorge (cas).
Aconcagua: 10 km E Papudo (cas): ca. 3 km
:
cosmopolitan
study.
Monomorium
eyes,
striae
minor color variant not worthy
N
thís
chile;
common and widely distribulatastei may be recognized by its
longitudinal
fine
of
reported
(1901)
moderately
species,
ted
locality. India.
tramp species from Valparaíso. No specimens from Chile have been seen during this
hojfmanni: Valparaíso, chile.
A
lloricola (Jerdon)*
(Linne)*
Fórmica caespitum Linne, 1758:581.
Santschi,
caespitum
Tetramorium
253, Kempf, 1970:25.
Type
Thís
was
locality.
1922:
Europe.
species
tramp
distributed
from Valparaíso by Santschi
Chilean specimens have been seen
widely
reported
(1922).
No
during this study.
W. KempO Kempf,
Tetramorium guiñéense
S Valdivia (cas).
(Fabricius)*
Fórmica guineensis Fabricius, 1793:357. 9
Tetramorium guiñéense Kempf, 1970:26.
Type locality. Guinea.
This ant was First recorded from Chile
by Kempf (1970), who examined specimens
.
Solenopsis patagónica Emery
1905:132Emery,
patagónica
1959:338-342,
Kusnezov,
9
fig. la; Kempf, 1970:25; Kempf, 1972:238.
1923a:
Santschi,
thoracica
Solenopsis
Solenopsis
133,
14
fig.
261-262.
1972:241.
9
;
í;
Santschi,
1936:198;
Kempf,
from
Algarrobo,
1951
(Kuschel
tíonal
specimens
Prov.
C
Peña;
of
this
species have been studied.
Valparaíso,
(msto).
21
No
cosmopolitan
July
addi-
tramp
I
88
Rev.ChilenaEm.
Píate
8.
front view of
58, í. latas tet.
Figs.
52-58.
head and
Myrmicinae, Solenopsu.
lateral
52,
view of workers, respectively,
9,
i',
of:
1975
germaim,
53, 54,
i',
view of female; 53-58
germaini; 55 56 5. helena- 57*
lateral
tñ
(0
o.
..«^•Jl'r-'-v-^-,
^.^
o
c
O
^
0)
"O
<1>
(0
o
o
>t
0)
M
(0
(0
a
(0
o c
c «
0)
o
(0
0)
£
a
a>
o
(0
•
v--^
.y
I
%,
:^S'
.,
-
=
1
1
1
I
a
V-.,
00
-1.
=1
=1
iJ
5j
íi
<i)
o V)
m
c *••
(0
I
90
Rev. Chilena Ent. 9, 1975
SUBFAMILY DOLICHODERINAE
All
Chilean
the
dolichoderines
belong to the
as defined by
Emery
tribe
Tapinomini
The
generic assignments
appear
not
some
placed
species
apparently do
Brown
(1912).
time do
at that
have always been correct.
to
New World
made
in
(ucb).
noted by
(ucb);
as
New World
species presently pla-
KEV TO CHILEAN GENERA OF DOLICHODERINAE
BASED ON WORKERS
Propodeum, at juncture of basal and posterior
more or less produced upward as a conical or
gular
tubercle
67,
(figs.
maxillary palp
at least as
69,
71);
rounded
at
junaure
much
trian-
of basal
shorter than eye;
segment of
median
setae
Tapinoma
antarcticum
1904:17-18.
Forel,
9 9; Emery, 1905:177; Goetsch, 1953: 366367
(biology); Menozzi,
1935:321-322,
Kempf, 1970:28; Kempf, 1972:247.
Dorymyrmex
9
beyond
extending
by no more than
its
apical
breadth;
Type
margin
occipital
petiolar scale
— Apex
by
below
(figs.
of scape extending
much more than
its
61, 62)
beyond
"Tapmomá"
...
margin
occipital
apical breadth; petiolar scale
cannot
day, often in dense
litt.).
Valparaíso,
2.5
widely
km N
distributed
confused
with
any
forage during the
trails.
(Map
Localities
be
The workers
other in Chile.
ca.
(Fig. 59-60)
common and
a
is
which
erect;
"Iridomyrmex" humilis (Mayr)
1923a:270-271.
Santschi,
antarcticum:
locality.
This
species
margins of head, in frontal view, strongly convergent below (Figs. 59, 60) ... ''Iridomyrmex'^
fully
fazi
334;
CHILE;/a^l.• Valparaíso, chile.
strongly reclínate; margins of head, in frontal view,
slightly convergent
Tapinoma
í.
Forelius eidmanni (Menozzi in
Araucomyrmex
scape
of
3
segment of maxillary palp
fourth; meso- and metanota not
apical ly attached to
Forel
(Fig. 61-64)
fifth
depressed
Apex
"Tapinoma" antarcticum
fa-
margin short, stiff, not extending to
apical tooth of closed mandible
Petiole nodiform; fifth segment of maxillary palp
preapically attached to fourth; meso- and metanota,
viewed in profile, much depressed (figs. 66,67)
scaliform;
Sants-
9; Menozzi, 1935:321-334;
Kempf, 1970:26; Kempf, 1972:125.
Type locality. Purmamarca, argentina.
This ant was recorded from Copiapó and
2
and posterior
of apical clypeal
— Petiole
oblonga
var.
1929:306.
at least to api-
flexuous
in profile (figs. 60, 62); third
maxillary palp
humilis
Santschi
long as eye; median setae of
tooth of closed mandible,
— Propodeum,
3.
chile.
9).
Taltal,
ca.
10
m
Antofagasta:
(lacm).
elev.
Atacama: [Copiapó; Menozzi, 1935]. Coquimbo: [Punta Colorada; Menozzi, 1935]; cuesta Pajonales, 113.6 km N Coquimbo, 1125 m
elev. (ucb); 5 mi
La Junta (cas); cerro Tololo, ca.
10 km W, 3 km S Vicuña (lacm);
valle El Molle, 10 km N El Tofo (lacm); valle El Molle, E of El Tofo (lacm). Aconcagua:
[Zapallar;
Menozzi,
same locality
1935];
(cas); 90 km S Illapel (cas); Los MoUes (lacm);
quebrada
El
Tigre
(ucb);
"costa
norte"
(uch).
Valparaíso:
(Hoffmann;
Valparaíso
W
Hipoclimea humilis Mayr, 1868: 164. 9
Iridomyrmex
humilis
Forel,
1901:81;
Kempf, 1970:26; Kempf, 1972:124.
Type locality. Buenos Aires, argentina.
This ant is widely distributed in Chile. The
.
scarcity
lity
that
of earlier
it
(Map.
Localities
[Valparaíso?;
de
(ucb);
La
9).
Fray Jorge,
Termas
brada
records
suggest the possibi-
adventive there.
is
que Nac.
(ucb);
i
Caldera in Prov. Atacama. No specimens have
been seen during this study. It is possible that
Menozzi's records are based on humilis.
faces,
segment of
third
margin long, extending
apical clypeal
2.
elev.
Laguna Amarga
NW Russfin, 300 m elev. (ucb).
km
Iridomyrmex
chi,
ces
W
"Iridomyrmex" oblonga
in
cal
.8
1 1
m
Chile Chico, 540
km
(1958). This also appears to be true of
of the
suggested here.
1.
W
Magallanes: 4
Tapinoma. Pending a world-wide review of the tapinomine genera, no changes are
ced
km
1970]. Atsén: 8
Iridomyrmex
belong there,
not
The
go (lacm). Concepción: isla Quiriquina (ucon)
Concepción, (ucon). Arauco: Arauco (cas). Malleco:
sierra Nahuelbuta, 1000-2000 m elev.
(cas); Parque Nac. Nahuelbuta (cas). Cautín:
[Temuco, Dec. 1967 (A. Muenchen); Kempf,
Soco
Forel,
chile.
16
CoquimboiVdíVPachingo
km SW
(lacm).
1901).
Valparaíso:
Santiago:
Rinconada, 510
Rinconada, Maipú, (ucb);
la
Plata
m
type series of antarcticum Forel,
amnh, mcz);
Quintay,
que-
(ucb);
elev.
Menozzi,
Cerro de
Santia-
10
5
m
¿'
elev.
Algarrobo
1935].
la
10
mi
N
(ucb);
(msto);
Santiago:
mhng,
1904;
Concón
cuesta
(cas);
Pucalán
[same
locality;
¡Santiago,
Maipo,
Provincia, Viluco, volcán San José;
_
Snelling y Hunl:
The ams of Ohile iHymenoptera:
h'ormicidae)
Píate 9, Figs. 59-64. Dolichoderinae. 59, IridomyTmex humiíu, vvorker, head in frontal view; 60,
same, lateral view. 61, «Tapinoma« antarcticum, vvorker, head in frontal view; 62, same, lateral view;
63, same, female, head in frontal view; 64, same, female, lateral view
y
I
Snelling y Hunt:
The
ants of Chile (Hymenoptera:
1935]; quebrada de la Plata Rincoelev. (ucb); cerro Roble, 2000510
The subgenus Psammomyrma
[enozzi,
m
ida,
m
100
km N
23
La Yesera, 2150 m elev.
Dormida (lacm). O'HigRancagua (cas). Maule:
Menozzi,
:onstitución;
ileo
La
cuesta
iSTo);
Ins:
(lacm);
elev.
Bu-
Linares:
1935].
(ucon).
Dorymyrmex Mayr
was
borymyrmex
The
1866).
genus
rhe
of
;eries
Santschi
(1919),
by
flaviceps
Mayr
AraucomyrBiconomyrma Kus-
Dorymyr-
and
Biconomyrma)
synonym
Ammomyrma, Psammomyrma and Spmomyrma as well as Dorymex
subgenera
(with
myrmex,
s. str.).
The
generic
of
distinctness
of
Dorymyrmex
known
is
to
Dorymyrmex
agallardoi Snelling
(Fig. 65-67)
planidens, Berg. 1890:24; Emery,
Dorymyrmex
1970:27
Kempf,
1895b;15-ló;
(mistdentific-
(1913),
Forel
Psammomyrma Forel (1912), and Spinomyrma Kusnezov (1952). These have all been
or as
regarded as subgenera of Dorymyrmex
three
Usted
genera related to it. Kempf (1972)
(with
Conomyrma
Araucomyrmex,
genera:
its
species
occur in Chile.
Mayr.
(1922),
Conomyrma
(1952),
lezov
Forel. Both of these subgenera are
founded upon very weak characters and are,
in our opinión, species groups at best. Both are,
therefore, here regarded as synonymous with
Dorymyrmex (new synonymies).
ebminus
subsequently divided into a
subgenera by subsequent authors;
Gallardo
includes
(type species),
rel
was
\mmomyrma
nex
is
myrma
on
based
is
Mayr. Spmotwo species: albomger Fobruchi Forel and its variety
planidens
species
single
the
One
established
species
type
93
Formiadae)
Conomyrma
the
was reaffirmed by Snelling (1974), and
upheld.
was
Biconomyrma
of
synonymy
Araucomyrmex was then lumped under Dorymyrmex, but we now are certain this is insimilar to Cocorrect. Araucomyrmex is very
nomyrma and readily separable from Dorythat
myrmex. Dorymyrmex, as we understand
ation).
1975: 6.?
Dorymyrmex agallardoi Snelling,
Type locality. El Alfalfal, chile.
.
(1890) misidentified specimens from
Chile as planidens, and the record has persisthis
ted in the literature. We are certain that
which
record is based on the present species
Berg
occiput
the
spine
deal
propodeum
is
side
of
the
longitudinally rugulose.
Localities
Rosa de
and the
elongate,
is
however,
propo-
the
punctulate,
closely
is
agallardoi,
In
planidens.
resembles
(Map
Los
Aconcagua:
10).
Andes;
Berg,
1890).
[Santa
Santiago:
25 Jan., 1968 O- Moroni; holoMaipo,
type series; lacm, msto); San José de
lacm,
paratypes;
29 Nov., 1969 (L. Alfaro;
El
Alfalfal,
MSTO).
t
may be
genus,
the
petiole,
recognized by the nodiform
attachment of the lifth
Araucomyrmex
preapical
Gallardo
palp to the fourth,
segment of the maxillary
which
and by the thoracic profile of the worker
the metaof
level
the
at
impressed
deeply
is
By
spiracle.
thoracic
interpretation,
this
species
Dorymyrmex includes all
Kempf (1972) under Dorymyrmex,
and
and
those
of
the
Spmomyrma.
Usted
s.
by
str.,
subgenera Psammomyrma
The subgenus Ammomyr-
species,
a heterogeneous one, but the type
Dorywith
agree
not
does
exsanguis Forel,
ma
is
myrmex
in
these
characters,
so
this
must be
Araucomyrmex.
genus
emmaericaellus Kusnot an AmDorymyrmex,
normal
nezov, is a
momyrma. We have not seen coniculus Santstheir descripchi or fusculus Santschi, but by
transferred
The
to
Bolivian
the
species,
judge them to belong in Ammomyrma
and mialong with baeri E. Andre, exsanguis
transferred
nutus Emery, and therefore to be
combinatíons).
to Araucomyrmex (all new
tions
This
genus
ants,
formerly
recognized
is
placed
in
to
include
those
Dorymyrmex which
the metanotum, when
have a scaliform petiole,
and
viewed in prolife, is not deeply impressed,
is atpalp
maxillary
the
of
segment
the fifth
juncture
to the fourth at its apex. The
tached
and posterior faces of the propodeum is usually surmounted by a low tuberas in Dorycule rather than a flattened spine
myrmex. Ammomyrma, usually treated as a
here.
belongs
Dorymyrmex,
of
subgenus
of
the
Several
basal
Chilean
species
are
intermedíate
bet-
ween Araucomyrmex, s. str., and Ammomyrsynoma, and we consider the latter a júnior
synonymy).
(new
nym o[ Araucomyrmex
Araucomyrmex is one of the dominant ant
In
genera in Chile, with ten species present.
may
couplet
sixth
the key which foUows, the
some difficulties. The two small dark
present
Rev. Chilena Ent.
9,
1975
Píate 10. Figs. 65-71. Dolichoderinae. 65-67, Dorymyrmex agallardoi,
worker; 65, head in frontal
view; 66, apical segments of maxillary palp; 67, head and thorax in
lateral view. 68-69, Araucomyrmex
anlardtcus, worker, head in frontal view and head and thorax in lateral
view. 70-71, A. chüensis, worker,
head
frontal view and head and thorax in lateral view.
m
species
which should go
characteristic
and
frontal
áreas
are
frontal
lobes
lightly
small,
obscure
vértex
and
to the seventh
sculpture.
are
distinctiy
shagreened;
and
occiput,
frons
shiny.
These
punctures
irregularly
in
have a
The
contrast,
spaced.
are
are
The
conspi-
cuously duUer, mainly due to the much denserj
and sharper punctation. The transition fromJ
the shiny frontal área to the dull vértex is abrupt]
and very distinctive. The frontal área of thosej
species which go to the eighth couplet is veryj
differently
sculptured.
In
these
species,
the
X
X
X
o o
I. ^
-i...y«^-^-n;r-tgr"-v
^
*^®>a^¿^^^:^-^^
S2^^''
*\<,
o
(O
Q
%
^,
I
1
-T
-
^,
^-^^ >>,
-
: _^...y
E
>»
>«
—
E
ü
(D
C
CD
<
®
o
V
\_ •''"'<
"^^r'X.^.^
h
ei
2í
=1
^î^B
'
-
V...
^
=1
E c
o
u o
3
(0
O
nJ
\
-^
(0
(0
t;
Y-
^
.^-'
"îg)
a>
—
f
'
t
«
E 3
0)
»,
s,
=,
96
Rev. Chilena Ent.
entire frontal área
The
punctures
cióse.
The
and
more
usually
fine,
closely
punctate,
but
CI more than 80; head
and
sharp,
and occiput are a
vértex
1975
dull or moderately shiny.
is
are
9,
there
is
no
abrupt transition from the frontal área
to
the
incomptus
— Basal
duller
little
extensively ferruginous
propodeum,
face of
in profile, not
CI 77-84;
head blackish, mandible, lower malar área and lower
part of clypeus sometimes dull ferruginous
vértex.
hunti
Mesonotum,
8.
in
profile,
either
not
KEY TO CHILEAN SPECIES OF ARAUCOMYRMEX
picuously
— Mesonotum,
Workers
Uppermost
setae
2
cent
psammophore
setae of
arising at or,
profile,
1
slightly but definitely an-
3
and pronotum without erect setae (fig. 81);
dorsal face of first tergum without eren setae, even
along posterior margin;
no more than 0.7 mm,
usually less
minutus Emery
Front of head with a single pair of setae on upper
frons, or none, often with some subdecumbent pubescence;
first
tergum with transverse, preapical,
asetose zone; lower margin of fore fémur without
erect setae beyond midpoint
4
Front of head with setae of various lengths scattered over entire upper half; erect setae of first ter-
ferruginous;
'
first
usually
of
first
angulate
basal
at
one-fourth;
tergum much sparser
at side
HW
—
Araucomyrmex
Dorymyrmex
frontal
seta
pair
conspicuously
consistently
reddish,
often
absent;
at
much
^^<i<iis^'
5.
pogomus
Propodeal
ted
tubercule
conspicuous,
sharply
numerous shon, suberect
abundant suberea
to
to
erect
erect
eleva-
91);
mar-
and
scape
thorax
with
scattered
ferruginous,
suberect
setae;
appendages
and
head
brownish
tener Mayr
Frons and frontal lobe shiny, indistinctly shagreened and with scattered, obscure micropunctures,
vértex and occiput conspicuously duller, more sharply shagreened and with dense, distinct micropunctures; frontal seta pair absent; small,
— Frons and frontal lobe
distinctly
shagreened
nous
7.
present;
mostly
in part
if
7
distinctly
ferruginous,
denser
5;
antarcticus,
Kusnezov, 1959:
Kempf, 1970:26; Kempf, 1972:
(in parí).
Type locality: Punta Dungeness, argentina.
Three Argentinian forms have been listet
synonyms of antarcticus: richteri (Forel),'
depilitibia
(Forel),
and palltdipes (Brethés)
We have seen types of richteri and consider
this a good species; depüitibia may also prove to
Localities
(Map
10). chile.
Tarapacá: lagu-
3670 m elev.
Coquimbo: 5 mi SW Ovalle (cas).
Valparaíso: Quintay (uch). Santiago: [Santia
go; Menozzi, 1935); Maule: [Constitución; Me
na de Huasco, 60.2
km E
Pica,
1935). Biobío: El Abanico (cas). ArauSan Alfonso, cord. Nahuelbuta (uch). Malleco:
sierra
de Nahuelbuta, 1200 m elev.
(cas). Aisén: Balmaceda (ucon). Magallanes:
co:
[Punta Arenas, El Chingue, Río de las Chinas,
Ultima Esperanza; Kusnezov, 1959]; 4 km
W
les,
230
toward
m elev.
(ucb); 47.5
km N
Puerto Nata(ucb); Barranca Negra (ucon).
frontal seta pair
biíjolored,
thorax
fig.
Laguna Amarga
moderately shiny,
closely
micropunctate,
and
becoming progressively
occiput where they are quite cióse;
least,
...
slightly to
punctures
usually
dark species
tener richteri,
nozzi,
gaster
dark
6.
9
(ucb).
gins ot head, in frontal view, often with few or no suberett to erect setae, but some pubescence may be suberect;
1904b- 6-7
be good.
mostly blackpappodes Snelling
lower half of head ferruginous ....
Propodeal tubercule low, obtuse (fig.
ish,
—
also
Snelling
scape with
setae;
fine setae;
Forel,
as
83); margins of head, in frontal view, with
(fig.
antarcticus
Araucomyrmex
25
head
least
antarcticus (Forel)
Dorymyrmex (Araucomyrmex)
369-370,
MOD;
thorax
of
middle
(Menozzi)
9.
5
antarcticus (Forel)
on pronotal disc about 0.5 x
in
(Fig. 68-69)
head yellowish; head broader
setae
pubescence
Menozzi, 1935:323-334.
frontal seta pair present or not; brownish, lower por-
— Longest
than
goetschi
gum
tion of
T
Forel
—
— Frons
4.
cons-
chtlensis
evenly sloping;
HW
uniformly scattered over entire dorsal surface;
lower margin of fore fémur with erect setae present
beyond midpoint
,
Longest setae on pronotal disc about equal to MOD;
tergum
(fig.
head
mesonotum, in profile,
tergum about as densely pubescent at side as in middle
hypocrüus Snelling
Thorax largely blackish, pronotum often partially or entirely ferruginous; mesonotum, in profile,
6
much more
3.
73);
laterad
laterad
Thorax wholly
9.
usually, below level of occipital foramen
Frons and pronotum each with at least a single pair
of long, erect setae; dorsal face of first tergum with
scattered erea setae;
at least 0.8 mm, usually
in
(fig.
gulate at posterior one-fourth (fig. 71); head and
thorax usually ferruginous, but thorax may be extensively brownish; first tergum very sparsely pubes-
arising
from
a point above lower margín of occipital foramen
..
— Uppermost
2.
psammophore
of
pubescent
Snellini
angulate
77) or angulate at basal one-fourth
ferruginous,
thorax variable;
first
1.
Snellini
impressed
in front of high, acute tubercule (fig. 75);
with
usually
head
Araucomyrmex
at
ferrugi-
not entirely
Basal face of propodeum, in profile, distinctly impressed in front of low, obtuse tubercule (fig. 79);
chilensis (Forel)
(Fig. 70-71)
8
Dorymyrmex
307.
??;
tener var.
Forel, 1912:38.
chilensis
Forel,
1911:
The ants of Chile (Hymenoplera:
Snelling y Hunt:
Araucomyrmex
Kempf, 1972:25.
)7U:27;
Type
locality.
.
N
4 mi
Valparaíso, chile.
N
mi
cuesta
(ucb);
uppermost
of the
and position
psammophore.
113.6
km N Coquimbo
Pajonales,
Puerto Oscuro (ucb). Aconcagua [ZaMenozzi, 1935]; 3 km N Zapallar
pallar;
(lacm). Santiago: El Volcán, Cajón delMaipo (msto). Talca: Alto Vilche (uch). Nuble:
Las Trancas rd., near Termas de Chillan, 1270-
This ant has previously
the types; two females
from
only
known
een
nd nine workers of the original series were
xamined.
le
(Map
Localities
m elev. (ucb).
m elev. (ucon).
1350
1230
Coquimbo:
chile.
10).
W
Los Vilos (cas); Bosque Fray Jorge (cas);
of
setae
N
mi
(cas); 5
There can be no doubt that this is distinct
om tener, as evidenced by size, cephalic sculpire,
(cas); 50 km S La Serena
Laguna Dam, 8000 ft. elev. (cas);
La Junta (cas); 3
lUapel (cas); 5 mi
E La Serena
25 mi
Kempf,
chilensis,
tener var.
97
Formicidae)
mi S Ovalle (cas). Aconcagua: Los MoUes
90 km S lUapel (cas). Valparaíso:
Valparaíso (types of chilensis; mhng); Mar5
Cautín: volcán Villarrica,
lacm);
a-Marga
km N
20
(mcz);
Valley
Araucomyrmex hunti
Concón
Santiago: cuesta La Dormida (lacm,
Santiago (msto): El Canelo (ucb); ÑuLas Trancas rd., near Termas de Chillan,
cas).
Araucomyrmex hunti Snelling, 1975: 10. 9
Type locality. 2 km E Paposo, chile.
jcb);
>le:
270melev.
Snelling
(Fig. 74-75)
.
This small shiny black ant is ene of the more
Chilean species of Araucomyrmex.
The frontal área is shiny and sparsely punctate
(cb).
distinct
Araucomyrmex
goetschi (Menozzi)
(Fig. 72-73)
contrast to the dull,
in
and occiput.
closely
known
is
It
punctate vértex
only
from northern
Chile.
tener
(Araucomyrmex)
334.
9
322,
1935;
Menozzi,
goetschi
ssp.
Dorymyrmex
Dorymyrmex
1932:2-6
Goetsch,
goetschi,
2
I
(btology);
1933:365-366
Goetsch,
(biology);
(Map 11). chile. Antofagasta:
Paposo, 300 m elev., 16 Nov. 1972 (J. H.
Hunt, # 994; type series; lacm); 25 km N Taltal,
Localities
.
km E
10
m elev.
(lacm). Coquimbo: Vicuña (uch).
Goetsch, 1935:238-242 (biology).
Araucomyrmex
370;
1959;
Kusnezov,
tener,
Kempf, 1970:27
Araucomyrmex hypocritus
Kempf, 1972:
{in part);
Snelling
(Fig. 76-77)
25 (inpart).
Type
locality.
Punta Colorado, chile
tricted by Kusnezov, 1959).
Although no types of goetschi
examined, the identity seems to be
(res-
have
been
clear.
Clues
comments
in the original description and in the
the
support
(1935)
Goetsch
of
figures
and
present interpretation. The behavior and biology
been
have
by
reported
Goetsch
(1932,
1933, 1935).
(Map 11).
Playa Ramada
Localities
Tai-Tal,
25
km
S
Vallenar
chile.
(lacm,
km
Antofagasta:
51.2
km
Menozzi, 1935];
Caldera (ucb);
Because the head and thorax are dull ferruginous,
hypocritus
closely
differs
inmediately
from
resembles
that
tener.
species
It
the
in
placement of the setae of the psammophore,
the basalmost of which lie below the level of the
occipital foramen. The dull, closely punctate
profile
frontal área and unbroken mesonotal
will
sepárate
hypocritus
species
those
from
Atacama:
msto);
[Copiapó;
Locality (Map 11). chile. Santiago: Fundo
Santa Laura, cuesta La Dormida, 20 Oct. 1971
H. Hunt, # 453; lacm).
(J.
S
Copiapó (ucb);
SE
of
[Caldera;
Caldera (uch); 30
(uch).
km
W
30 km S CoIncahuasi (lacm);
Potrerillos, ca.
quimbo (lacm);
10
Snelling
(Fig. 78-79)
Coquimbo:
Colorada; types of goetschi Menozzi,
Elqui;
1935]; [Tres Cruces; Goetsch, 1932]; [río
Molle,
El
valle
(mcz);
Tofo
El
Menozzi, 1935];
Vicuña
10 km N El Tofo (lacm): 10 mi
(cas); cerro Tololo, ca. 10 km W, 3 km S Vicu-
ña (lacm); cerro
Araucomyrmex incomptus
S
[Punta
km N
.
(ucon).
S
Freirina
9
with similar psammophores.
Vallenar (ucb); ca.
Goetsch, 1932); 20
40-60
km S Copiapó
(lacm);
Copiapó
S
45 km
(uch); 50-60 km S Copiapó, 500-600 m elev.
(ucb);
Araucomyrmex hypocritus Snelling, 1975: 12.
Type localityTCuesta La Dormida, chile.
13. 9
Araucomyrmex incomtus Snelling, 1975:
Type locality. Cerro Tololo, chile.
This
size
the
species
resembles
hunti
and shiny black appearance.
low,
obtuse
broader head.
reddish.
propodeal
The lower
in
It
small
its
differs
tubercule
half of the head
is
.
by
and
mostly
98
Rev. Chilena
Em.
9,
1975
72
74
Píate
thorax
11.
72-77. Dolichoderinae, Araucomyrmex workers, head
in frontal view and head and
view. respec-ively, of: 72, 73, A. goelschi; 74, 75, A. hunli;
76, 77, A. hypocnlus.
Figs.
in lateral
co
d)
E
u
E *J
(0
o 0)
u
1 o
0)
c
3
o
o
Q.
O
c
0)
(0
<
^
'^
<
100
(Map
Locality
12).
Tololo, lóOct. 1972
(J.
chile. Coquimbo: cerro
H. Hunt, # 439; lacm).
(Map
Locality
de
chile.
12).
20
Chillan,
1969
Sept.
Nuble: Terma
(T.
Cekalovic
lacm, ucon).
Araucomyrmex minutus (Emery)
(Fig. 80-81)
Araucomyrmex
Dorymyrmex minutus Emery, 1895:15,
9
.
Dorymyrmex
Dorymyrmex (Ammomyrmaj
nezov,
Kempf,
1952:429;
minutus,
1977a:448;
KusKempf,
tener (Mayr)
'
(Fig. 90-91)
4.
fig.
Mayr,
tener
Emery,
1895b:15; Emery
1907:8; Goetsch, 1932:3.
1868:166.
1905:175;
9
;
Foreliíi
?
1972b: 100.
Type
Dorymyrmex
locality. Cordillera
The high placement
de Chillan, chile.
of
psammophore,
the
small size, and reduction of erect hairs make this
an
easily
recognized species.
This species
appears
to
be
Localtties
uncommon.
(Map
{Araucomyrmex)
1919b:250; Menozzi,
Kusnevov, 1952:429.
llardo,
Araucomyrmex
372,
fig.
tener,
Ga
1935:322,
334;
Kusnevov,
tener,
1959:37oJ
6 (inpart); Kempf, 1970:26-27 (mpart);
Kempf, 1972:25 (inpart).
chile.
12).
Santiago:
Ce-
1600 m elev. (lacm);
San Juan Maipo (lacm). Nuble: [Cordillera
de Chillan; type series, Emery, 1895); 40 km
E San Carlos (cas).
rro Roble, near Caleo, ca.
Type
locality. Uspallata,
This
is
argentina.
one of the more
Araucomyrmex
in
Chile.
common
It
species
ol
has been confused
with other species, such as goetschi and
chilen-'
and some of the records in the literature
may be based on these species. Especially questionable are records below 1 000 m elev.
The propodeal tubercule is low and obtuse
in tener; there are numerous short, erect setae
on the front of the head; the fore fémur has
numerous erect hairs; and basalmost setae of
the psammorphore are placed above the lower
margin of the occipital foramen. The head
and thorax are dull red.
SIS,
Araucomyrmex pappodes
Snelling
(Fig. 82-83)
Araucomyrmex pappodes SntWing, 1975:
Type locality. Maitencillo, chile.
This dark brownish species
Araucomyrmex
ger
ly
similar
in
Chile.
richten
to
Forel
is
one of the
is
It
of
14.
9
.
lar-
superficial-
Argentina but
more pubescent. Fine pubescence is abundant on the head and thorax oí pappodes, much
is
of
it
subappressed
setae are
subdecumbent, and erect
to
numerous.
(Map 11). chile. Atacama: [20
Copiapó. Aug. 1965 (R. M. González;,
MSTo);
Kempf, 1970). Aconcagua: [Juncal;
Emery, 1905); [Santa Rosa de Los Andes; Mayr,
Localities
km N
1868);
Localities
(Map
12).
chile.
Valparaíso:
30 m elev. (type series; lacm);
Quintero (ucb). Biobío: 5 km
Tucapel (cas); El Abanico (CAS).
Maitencillo,
6
W
km SE
Araucomyrmex pogonius
Snelling
(Fig. 84-89)
10,000
Type
This
locality.
most
Snelling, 1975:
Termas de
15.9.
nearly
resembles
antarcticus
prove synonymous with
is known only from a
single series. All specimens in the
series differ
consistentiy from available material
of antarc-
lackmg the seta pair on the upper
and the setae on the pronotal disc are
much shorter. The male of pogonius is smaller
than that oí antarcticus and has a
narrower head.
frons,
in
1932;
Portillo,
del
m
elev. (cas);
elev.
(msto);
Yeso (msto);
El
(msto). Cuneó: cajón
Chillan, chile.
and may ultimately
it.
At present pogonius
ticus
Goetsch,
Puente de Inca, 11,000 ft.
elev. (mcz).
Valparaíso: [Valparaíso; Emery,
1895b). Santiago: [Santiago; Peñaflor; Emery,
1895b|; [Cartagena; cerro Ramón; cerro San
Cristóbal; Valle del Volcán; Goetsch, 1932);
[cerro del Morado; Menozzi, 1935]; cerro Roble, 1600-2100 m elev. (lacm); El Romeral,
2000
Araucomyrmex pogonius
[Zapallar;
ft.
Queñes,
1000
(lacm). Maule:
Nuble:
m
La Yesera (msto); Cajón
Manzano, 2500 m elev.
del Río Claro, SE of Los
elev.
(ucb).
[Constitución;
Talca:
Vilches
Goetsch,
1932].
de Chillan;
Emery, 1895b]
Pirigallo, Termas de Chillan, 2200 m elev.
(msto); Ref. Las Cabras (msto); río Nuble
(ucon); Termas de Chillan, 1250 m elev. (uBc).
Biobío: río Vergara, 2300 m elev. (msto). Malleco: Lonquimay, 1600 m elev. (uch). Cautín:
volcán Villarrica, 1230 m elev. (ucon). Valdi[cordillera
via: [volcán Villarrica; Goetsch, 1932].
Snelling y Hunt:
Píate
12.
Figs.
78-83.
lili
Dolichoderinae,
andthorax in lateral view, respectively,
of:
Araucomyrmex workers. head
in
frontal
78, 79, A. incomptus, 80, 81, ^. minutus; 82, 83,
view
and
A pappudes.
head
102
Rev. Chilena Ent.
9,
1975
Dolichoderinae, Araucomyrmex. 84, 85, A pogomus,
worker, head in frontal
j head
u
r^'
J
view and
and thorax
m lateral view, respectively; 86-89, same, male, head in frontal view head
and thorax m lateral view, genital capsule
in ventral view and aedeagus in lateral view, 90
91 ^ tener
worker, head in frontal v,ew and head and
thorax
lateral view, respeaively. Abbreviations for Ss'
.,
m
^.. =d.g.tus;
1¿::::^;^:¡ :Z:;¡:''''
,o. =gonobase,
p^r .....m^r.,
.,p =subgen.tal
píate
X
o
CO
0)
(O
(0
3
C
O
0)
o
po
3
a
a
a
(0
i
a
<
(P
<
<
%
J
=i_
104
KEY TO SPECIES OF LASIOPHANES
SUBFAMALY FORMICINAE
genera of
Six
two
this
them
of
subfamily
introduced.
genera Lasiophanes
the
among
this
the most
The
región.
occur
WORKERS AND FEMALES
Chile,
in
Representatives
of
1.
and Camponotus are
commonly encountered ants in
species of Camponotus are
Median lobe of clypeus neither angulate ñor subcarinate in lower third, either fíat or evenly rounded;
apical margin of clypeus concave in middle in frontal
view
94, 95)
(figs.
— Median
2
lobe of clypeus sharply angulate or subcarinate in lower third or more, ending in a sharp
and probably the most
the largest ants in Chile
conspicuous.
pomt above
2.
margin
apical
head
Entire
(figs.
carina;
median lobe without sub-
without
eyes
conspicuous eren hairs
94)
(fig-
nigriventris
— Entire
Antenna nine or ten-segmemed
— Antenna
2.
Antenna nine-segmented;
ble
with
podeum
four
or
five
much
oblique,
3
margin
apical
posterior
teeth;
subbasal
3.
face of pro-
larger than basal face
Brachymyrmex
— Antenna
ble
with
ten-segmented; apical margin
about
podeum more
basal
3.
eight
posterior
teeth;
or less vertical,
little, if
face
Antenna
scape
much
usually
shorter than length of thorax
— Antenna
4
eleven-segmented;
scape
unusually
elongate, longer than length of thorax
4.
Clypeal
and antenna!
rim
antennal
of
clypeal margin;
— Clypeal
5.
fossae
socket
not
metanotum
lower
from
separated
not depressed
Head,
and appendages reddish, gaster
blackish; front of head with abundant, fine, piligerous punctures; propodeum transversely depressed
in front so segment appears somewhat convex in
thorax
profile
(fig.
— Head
and thorax
podeum
not transversely impressed in front, appea-
hoffmanm
93)
(Forel)
brownish, gaster light
to dark brownish; front of head with fine piligerous
punctures separated by six diameters or more; pro-
Anoplolepis
confluent;
distinctly
hairs
perpleuxus (Santschi)
Front of head and thoracic dorsum with a few widely scattered erect hairs, usually one on pronotum;
scape and tibiae without erect hairs
4
Front of head, thoracic dorsum and appendages
with numerous erect hairs of variable length
valdwiensis (Forel)
4.
Myrmelachista
tweive-segmented;
numerous erea
with
pro-
of
any, longer than
face
eyes
—
mandi-
ol
carina;
95)
(fig.
mandi-
ol
(Spinola)
head smooth and polished; lower third of
median clypeal lobe fíat, median lobe with a low
2
eleven or tweive-segmented
3
moderately shiny, shagreening weakest on frons; lower third of median
basal
BASEDONWORKERS
92, 96, 97)
shagreened,
clypeal lobe gently convex,
KEY TO CHILEAN GENERA OF FORMICINAE
1.
i!
5
ring
fíat
distinctly
ptcinus (Roger)
profile
in
and antennal fossae confluent; lower rim
of antennal
socket
metanotum
depressed
nearly touching clypeal margin;
Lasiophanes
HW
Large polymorphic ants,
tegument of head and thorar
mm
1.0
ants,
(Forel)
(Fig. 92-93)
dull to slightly shiny;
without unusually coarse erect setae
— Small, monomorphic
Lasiophanes hoffmanni
or more; in-
HW
Camponotus
less
than 0.55
mm;
integument of head and thorax smooth and shiny;
numerous unusually coarse setae on dorsa of
head, thorax and gaster
Paratrechina
with
Melophorus
hoffmanm
1903:266.
Forel,
9
i|
;
Forel, 1907:9.
Melophorus
(Lasiophanes)
hoffmanm,
Emery, 1905:185; Emery, 1922:90, 92; Menozzi, 1935:324.
Lasiophanes hoffmanm,
Kempf, 1972:129.
Lasiophanes
Type
Lasiophanes
genus.
is
a
small,
primarily Patagonian,
locality.
Lasiophanes is poorly understood, and the
group is in need of modern revisión. There are
profile, will sepárate
of
currently
genus;
17
ñames applied
Kempf
synonyms
of
(1972)
two
picinus.
Only
lieved to
be valid.
onymous
lists
forms in this
most of these as
to
and
were beMost of the presumed syn-
three
species,
other
nigriventris
species
forms have never been
studied, however, and so their status
questionable.
critically
is
truly
i
'
This is a poorly known species which seems
be most closely related to pictnus. The_ dis-
to
is
1970:28;
Valparaiso, chile.
apparently most closely related to
the Australian genus Melophorus, of which it
was long considered a subgenus. The taxonomy
It
Kempf,
reddish
tinctly
together
and appendages,
propodeal
hoffmanni.
13).
chile.
Valparaíso:
Aconcagua:
Valparaíso
mhng); Los Perales, Río Marga-
Marga, 330
La Dormida
m
(cas).
elev.
(ucb).
Santiago:
Nuble:
Concepción:
50
(lacm).
Ramuntcho
(ucon);
thorax
characteristic
(cas).
(type series;
Forel,
the
(Map
Localities
Zapallar
Carlos
head,
with
Laguna
(ucon);
cuesta
km E San
Verde
[Concepción;
1907]. Malleco: Chiquoihue Hills,
Collipulli
(mcz).
Cautín:
Temuco
i
near"
(mcz);
Snelling y Hunt:
The
ants of Chile
(Hymenoptera: Formkidae)
92
94
Píate 14. Figs. 92-97.
Formicinae, lasiophanes. 92, 93, L. hoffmanm, worker, head in frontal view
petiole lateral view, respectively; 94-97, head, in frontal view, of: 94, L. nigrwentns,
worker; 95, L. perplexus, female (cotype); 96, L. picinus; 97, L. valdiviensis.
and head, thorax and
105
Snelling y Hunt:
km N Loncoche, 280 m
km E Purranque (cas);
12.3
30
no:
Osor-
(ucb).
km E
30
lago
W
Melophorus
Lasiophanes nigriventris (Spinola)
(Fig. 94)
Fórmica
Spinola,
nigriventris
239-240. 9
í
9
in
Gay,
1851:
1863:164.
Lasius dichrous Roger,
rel, 1886:208-209. 9
Kempf, 1972:129 (m parí).
Type locality. Lago Todos los Santos, chile.
Kusnezov (1959) placed this in the synonymy of nigriventris, with which it agrees
Me-
1933:393-394;
Goetsch,
nozzi, 1935:323, 335.
smooth
the
chile, no further
This species is moderately abundant in Chiand Argentina. In this species the median
lobe of the clypeus lacks a median carina on
the apical third. The entire head is superfi-
and this species may thus
from the otherwise similar per-
sculptured,
separated
plexus.
(Map
Localities
1200
m
chile.
14).
Kempf,
1970¡.
Nuble:
(ucb).
elev.
Valparaíso:
(cordi-
de Chillan; Emery, 1895]; Las Trancas
elev.
rd., near Termas de Chillan. 1270-1350
(ucb); 18 km E San Carlos (cas). ConcepEl Abanición: Concepción (mcz). Biobío:
Malleco:
(ucon).
Lebu
Arauco:
(cas).
co
m
lago Icalma (msto); Nahuelbuta, Angol (ucon);
Nalhuelbuta, 1200 m elev. (cas).
(Temuco; Emery, 1905; Menozzi,
1935]; 10 mi and 12 mi NE Pucón (cas). Valde
sierra
Cautín:
[Valdivia;
Berg,
Puerto
(lacm);
ty
m
1890];
Corral
same
(mcz).
locali-
Osomo:
Osorno,
PurranPurranque (cas); 10
que (cas); 18 km
km E Puyehue (cas). Llanquihue: (lago LlanMenozzi,
Cayutué;
Puerto
Varas;
quihue;
Pucatrihue,
8
km
W
O
elev.
La Picada
(ucb);
(ucb);
30
volcán
km E
W
I
m
elev. (ucb); same loca1935]; Petrohué, 100
(lacm); Los Muermos (cas).
lity
Many
clypeus.
Locality
Todos
lago
head is
shagreened
numerous
erect hairs
entire
females
of
nigriventris
nene of these approach the
(Map
los
14).
Llanquihue:
chile.
Santos (cotype 9
;
mcz).
Lasiophanes picinus (Roger)
(Fig. 96)
Lasius picinus Roger, 1863:163-164. 9
Melophorus (Lasiophanes) picinus,
.
Eme-
1895b:17; Emery, 1905:184; Emery, 1922:
4, 5; Goetsch, 1933:393-394; Menozzi, 1935:
323,334.
var.
(Lasiophanes)
picinus
Melophorus
bidens Emery, 1895b: 17. 9 9 í Emery, 1905:
ry,
185.
Melophorus
Cuneó: Los Que-
llera
divia:
lightly
;
(Algarrobo;
ñes,
The
not
polished,
have ex-
believe per-
locality.
le
be
and
have been seen;
Type locality. nigriventris: chile; "muy
común en varias provincias"; atriventris:
cially
mcz and
characteristics of perplexus.
Lasiophanes nigriventris, Kusnezov, 1951:
'94-95;
Kusnezov, 1959:391, fig. 8; Kempf,
1970:28-29; Kempf, 1972:129.
locality; dichrous:
cotype in the
a
on the eye, and there is an obtuse subbasal carina on the lower pan of the median lobe of
I
no
We
lacking a sharp clypeal carina.
as in nigriventris; there are
(Lasiophanes)
nigriventris,
Melophorus
Emery, 1895b:16; Emery, 1905:184; Eme4;
Kusnezov, 1959:
1970:28-29 (m part);
nigriventris,
Kempf,
parí);
plexus to be a good species.
9; Fo-
.
1922:3,
{in
amined
atriventris F. Smith, 1863:51
Fórmica
Sant-
.
Lasiophanes
it
.
perplexus
(Lasiophanes)
1920:384. 9
schi,
391
ry,
(Santschi)
(Fig. 95)
(cas).
shore,
n.
Lasiophanes perplexus
Pu-
Llanquihue: Ensenada (usnm);
Llanquihue (cas);
(Puerto
Puerto Varas
Varas; Menozzi, 1935); 8 mi
(cas); Los Muermos (cas).
yehue
107
9
;
sauberi
Forel, 19G4b:4-6. 9 9
Prenolepis bruchi
1903:266:267.
Forel,
S
.
Forel,
1915:361-362.
9
.
NEW SYNONYMY.
Melophorus
fig.
bruchi,
Santschi,
1920:383,
14.
Melophorus
(Lasiophanes)
bruchi,
Emery,
1922:4,5.
Acanthomyops
(Donisthorpea)
Donisthorpe, 1933:535. 9
9
í
edwardsi
.
1951:92Kusnezov,
1959:391-392; Kempf, 1970:
29; Kempf, 1972:129.
Lasiophanes
Kusnezov,
99;
picinus,
Lasiophanes picinus bruchi, Kempf,
29 (inpart); Kempf, 1972:129 (inpart).
Type
1970:
locality. picinus: chile; bidens: cordide Chillan, chile; sauberi: Punta Arenas,
CHILE; bruchi: lago Argentino, argentina; ed-
llera
wardsi:
108
Kusnezov (1959) Usted bolivari (Santschi)
and pilosula (Emery) as synonyms of bruchi.
However, bruchi as he interpreted it, is the
same as valdiviensis a different species. The
types of sauberi and bruchi have been examined
and are in agreement with the traditional in,
the most widely distri-
of picinus,
terpretation
Lastophanes valdiviensis
(Fig. 97)
Melophorus
1916:512. 9
is
easily recognized
brown
carinate clypeus,
by
shar-
its
and
color,
virtual
absence of erect hairs.
Localities
(Map
Valparaíso:
chile.
13).
(Nylanderia)
bolivari
,]
Santschi
NEW SYNONYMY.
.
Melophorus
(Lasiophanes)
bruchi,
Sants-
1919:383, (misidentification).
chi,
This species
ply
9.
valdiviensis FoTcl, \')04h:6.
Prenolepis
buted and most abundant Lasiophanes in Chile.
(Forel)
Melophorus
(Lastophanes)
valdiviensis,
Emery, 1922:91.
Melophorus (Lasiophanes) pilosulus Emery,
1922:91, 92, 93. 9 new synonymy.
Melophorus (Lastophanes) uxortus Emery,,
1922:91, 93-94. 9 new synonymy.
Melophorus (Lesiophanes) bolivart var. pi-\
.
1935]. Cuneó:
[Algarrobo; Menozzi,
Río Claro,
SE
of
Los Queñes, 100 m elev. (ucb).
Coipué (mcz).
(uch);
Vilches
Talca:
Alto
Nuble:
[cordillera
bidens Emery,
Termas de
cajón de
de
Chillan;
type
series
1895b]; Las Trancas
m
Chillan, 135
rd.,
elev. (ucb);
of
Termas
Las Cabras, 1500 m elev.
San Carlos (cas). Concepción:
Concepción
(mcz,
usnm).
Biobío:
El Abanico (cas). Arauco: [Contulmo; Menozzi,
1935]. Malíeco: Parque Nac. Nahuelbuta,
1200 m elev. (ucb); same locality (lacm);
lago Icalma (msto); Termas de Río Blanco,
1080 m elev. (ucb). Cautín: Temuco (mcz);
[same locality, 24 Nov. 1967; Kempf, 1970|;
12.3 km N Loncoche, 280 m elev. (ucb); 10
mi NE Pucón (cas). Valdivia: [lago Puyehue;
Menozzi, 1935| 25 km
Valdivia, 40 m elev.
(ucb); 30 km S Valdivia (cas); Cudioco, 40
m elev. (ucb); Puerto Corral (mcz). Osorno:
km E
NW
;
10
km E Puyehue
km W Osorno,
same
(mcz);
locality
(cas);
m elev. (ucb); PucaOctay (usnm); 18 km
Purranque (cas). Llanquihue: [Ensenada; isla Tenglo; Menozzi, 1935|; Petrohué, 100
35
trihue
(ucb);
100
Puerto
W
m
same
PeuUa
(lacm); lago Llanquihue (lacm); Puerto Varas (usnm); 8 mi
Puerto Varas (cas); Boselev,
(ucb);
locality
(lacm);
W
que Los Muermos
(cas).
Chiloé:
[Ancud;
Menozzi, 1935]; same locality (ucon); R. Gamboa (ucon); Dalcahue (uch). Aisén: [Puerto Aisén; Menozzi; 1935]. Magallanes: Punta
Arenas (types of sauberi; mhng); same locality (ucon); [La Turba, 23 Dec. 1950; Kempf,
1970]; Puerto Williams, isla Navarino (mcz);
río
Chacabuco (ucon); seno Otway, río El
Ganso (ucon);
Brazos
(usnm);
Silla
del
Diablo (ucon); Tres
Chabunco
(usnm);
cerro
del
Toro (ucon); puerto Santa María (ucon); río
Rubens (mcz); Ultima Esperanza (mcz); Salto
Chico del Pehoe, Parque Nac.
Llanuras de Diana^
(lacm).
150
del
km SE
Paine (lacm);
Pto.
/oía (sic), Santschi, 1922:259.
near
de Chillan (ucon);
(mcz); 40, 50, 60
.
Natales
Melophorus
(Lastophanes)
bolivari
var.'
Menozzi, 1935:324.
Lastophanes ptctnus bruchi, Kusnezov, 1959:
392-395 {in part); Kempf, 1970:29 (in part);Kempf, 1972:129 (m por/).
1970:30;'3
Lastophanes
uxortus,
Kempf,
Kempf, 1972:129.
Lastophanes valdiviensis, Kempf, 1970:30;
Kempf, 1972:129.
pilosula,
;
Type
locality.
Valdivia,
valdiviensis:
ptlosulus:
bolivari;
Quilicura,
chile;
chile;
uxortus:
Santa Rita, chile.
This species has persistently been a source
of
Emery
difficulty.
similarity
key
his
in
diviensis
The
uxortus
to
recognized
its
(1922)
separated the two
and
by the small
compared
as
to
size
the
of
worker
val-
female uxorius\
began earlier in the key,
he included both of these among
which
the
clypeus
is
weakly
difficulties
however,
those
in
carinate
and
for
as
or
ecarinate.
The
carina
is
present
well developed as in pilosula, picinus,
This error may have been the reason for
description of pilosulus, since that form
possessed a carinate clypeus. We have been
etc.
the
compare material of ptlosulus, uxortus
and are confident they are
conspecific.
Material determined and recorded as bruchi by Kusnezov (1959) is, in our opinión, also valdiviensis and the description of
able to
and
valdiviensis
bolivari
well.
the
te
The
matches
valdiviensis
material
quite
presence of numerous erect hairs on
body and appendages will readily separa
from the other species with ca-j
valdiviensis
ríñate clypeus.
Localittes (Map 14). chile. Santiago: Quili
cura (La Taste; types of ptlosulus Emery, 1922
mhng); Santa Rita (La Taste; types of uxoriusl
Emery, 1922); San José de Maipo (msto); El
Canelo (uch); cuesta La Dormida (lacm
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Colchagua: San Vicente de Tagua-Tagua (msto).
Concepción:
Concepción
(mcz);
Ramuntcho
(ucon); Biobío: El Abanico (cas). Malleco:
Angol (msto); same locality (usnm); Lonquimay (ucon). Cautín: volcán Villarrica
we have
approach. The
available samples are limited and do not pro
vide sufficient material to adequately understand
limits
of
variation.
The difficulties
(lacm).
are
sis
1904b: mhng);
1935,
nozzi,
Valdivia (types of valdivien-
Valdivia:
Forel,
Puyehue;
[lago
Me-
pilosula\\ Puerto Corral (mcz).
2íí
Osorno:
río
(mcz).
Llanquihue:
Pedregoso,
km N
8
[Petrohué;
Villarrica
Santschi,
In
the
adopted
wich
treatment
very
a
follows
conservative
complicated
especially
by
especially of entire colonies,
Lepihue (cas).
der to solve the problems.
a Neotropical
arboreal
is
very
recognized
Two
The
species.
genus of several dozen
taxonomy of the group
and many
confused
of
the
1.
currently
probably
are
synonyms.
have been recognized: Myr-
s.
str.
and Hincksidris {= DeHmcksidris species have ten-segmented antennae while those of the nomínate
subgenus
possess
nine-segmented
antennae.
melachista,
camera).
Hincksidris,
particular,
in
is
very
a
2.
Head
shagreened,
of
shiny; with or with-
—
polished,
and thorax distinaly
head sometimes smooth and
out erea hairs
Head and thorax smooth,
tered minute punctures; long,
on head, thorax and scape
is
Menozzi. Type material of goetschi
has not been available, but Menozzi's description and figures
match al most perfectly
the
characteristics
of
mayri
Forel,
long
placed in Myrmelachista, and correctly so,
in our opinión. There appears to be little difference
between Myrmelachista and Aphomomyrmex other than the presence of an antennal club in the former. Menozzi's figure
of the antenna of the goetchi female shows a
club about like that of mayri, and we feel that
his species must be transferred to Myrmelachista.
It
is
also
necessary
homus in the synonymy of
(new synonymy). As a result
cooperi
(Gregg),
placed
in
from
to
place
by Gregg (1953), must be transferred
(new combination).
melachista
America,
(Neaphomus)
to
Myr-
scat-
eren hairs abundant
chtlensis
Forel
vértex;
— Scape
withouth
erect
hairs;
and
frons
of head
front
hairs;
frontal
front
mayri Forel
several long hairs on clypeus
and a pair
with
of shorter
without hairs;
lobes
of head often wholly dull
from
ho/fmanm
Forel
Myrmelachista chilensis Forel
(Fig. 98)
Myrmelachista
705, note
1.
9
;
chilensis
1904a:704-
Forel,
í
Forel, 1908:399.
Myrmelachista (Hincksidris)
.
chilensis,
Kempf,
1970:30; Kempf, 1972:149.
is
Type
locality.
This
species
easily
and
Valparaíso, chile.
appears
recognized
shiny
and
head,
to
by
its
be
uncommon.
It
smooth
abundant
small size,
thorax
with
long, erect hairs.
Localüíes
(Map
Aconcagua:
(ucb); 10
km E Papudo (cas). Valparaíso: Valparaíso (Hoffmann; cotypes; mhng).
Punta
Puquén,
chile.
15).
near
Los
Molles
Myrmelachista goetschi (Menozzi)
Aphomomyrmex
(Neaphomus) goetschi Meí Kempf, 1970:32.
Neaphomus goetschi, Kempf, 1972:152.
nozzi, 1935:324-328. 9
of this change,
Central
Aphomomyrmex
Neap-
Myrmelachista
with
of head with shiny midline
to
goetschi
2
and pair on
dition to those of clypeus
heteroge-
Menozzi (1935) proposed Neaphomus as
a new subgenus of Aphomomyrmex. The type,
and only known, species was the Chilean
•
Scape with three or more long, erect hairs; front
head with scattered long, erect hairs in ad-
be derived from what appears
to
be an unnatural arrangement, and we
propose that Hincksidris be placed in synonymy with Myrmelachista (new synonymy).
benefit
midline
of
neous assemblage of species, many of which
are fuUy as distinct from "ty pical" Hincksidris as this group is from Myrmelachista,
s. str. Also, some species in one subgenus appear
to be most closely related to those of the other.
No
'
BASED ON WORKERS
ñames
subgenera
are needed in or-
KEY TO CHILEAN SPECIES OF MYRMELACHISTA
Myrmelachista Roger
is
polymor-l
phism of the species, and the specimens in'
two different samples may superficially seem
to represent two species, unless they include
individuáis of the same size. Larger samples,
1922]; Petrohué, lago Todos los Santos (lacm);
This
the
'
;
Type locality. Volcán de Chillan, chile.
This species is known only from the type
material, from Prov. Nuble. It is very cióse to,
if
not a
synonym
of,
mayrt.
Snelling y Hunt:
101
Píate
15.
Figs.
98-103.
Myrmelachista. 98, M. chüensis, worker (type), head in
same; 100-103, M. mayn; 100, female, same; 101, male, same;
lateral view; 103, worker, head in frontal view.
Formicinae,
frontal view; 99, Ai. hoffmanni, worker,
102, worker, head, thorax and petiol»> in
111
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Snelling y Hunt:
Myrmelachista hoftmanni
The
ants of Chile
Myrmelachista mayri Forel
Forel
(Fig. 99)
;
NEW synonymy.
.
hoffmanni: Valparaíso, chile;
recíwoía: Valparaíso, CHILE.
Both hoffmanni and rectmota were described
from Valparaíso. The lightly shaand
somewhat shíny head with
greened
locality.
conspicuous
scattered
made
this ant easily
with
an
opaque,
punctate
punctures
rectmota
of
separable from hoffmanni,
shagreened and imthe
most common
densely
This
head.
is
Myrmelachista in Chile, and there are numerous
Small workers are as described for
hoffmannt, while the largest specimens show
the characteristics of rectmota. Specimens of
an intermedíate size possess cephalic sculpture of an intermedíate character, henee the
above synonymy.
Normally this ant is wholly black, but in
samples from Prov. Santiago, the head and
thorax are red. Some samples from Prov.
Aconcagua have the head and thorax dark
reddish or reddish brown.
Localities
(Map 15). chile. Atacama:
samples.
I
bahía Copiapó, 45 m
5 mi N lUapel (cas);
(ucb). Coquimbo:
Hda. lUapel, 600-900
m elev. (ucb); Los Vilos (ucb); 15 mi S Los
Vilos (cas); 5 mi N, and 35 mí S Ovalle (cas);
(cas);
Fray
Jorge,
Fray
Bosque
Jorge,
550 m elev. (ucb).
Pachíngo,
5
km
Aconcagua: Zapallar (cas); 3 km N Zapaelev.
W
fmann;
mhng);
types
of
Algarrobo
Marga-Marga,
Pedro,
Quebrada
El
Manzano
cerro
same
(cas).
de
var.
more
Myrmelachista
(Hincksidris)
definite locality, montícola: Valdivia, chile.
based his description
female while Mayr's
Forel
single
a
known
better
Roble,
locality,
2.000
1600
ca.
ca.
(cas);
1.350
10
m
mí
What we
wholly
here interpret as true mayri is a
brownish-black
form.
or
scattered short hairs on the guiar
and the hairs of the tibiae are
decumbent. The pronontum bears numerous
There are
surfaces,
long, erect hairs.
A
single series of workers collected by
SSE
about
10 mi
be
dífferent
a
The
species.
color
is
Hunt
may
reddish
There are no
and those of the
gaster.
hairs on the pronotum,
erect
tibiae
are fully appressed.
A
form is represented by two small
from localities in Prov. Santiago.
have the head and thorax red, the
third
samples
m
m
elev.
There
elev.
scattered
(ucb).
Santiago,
Prov.
Caleo,
brown with darker
pronotum.
Perquenco
be possible to
to
blackish
Dormida
elev.
N
of
on
based
may prove
it
but there are a few
la
on
mayri
resurrect montícola for one of them.
blackish.
cuesta
of
description
worker
specimens. The nomínate form is from an
unknown locality in Chile; montícola is from
Valdivia. Since there are no valíd grounds
on which any comparisons can be made,
the best solution is to synonymize montícola.
This is a widespread species, but one not
often collected. No good seríes are avaílable
for study. It seems likely that what is here
called mayri may prove to be two, or even
three species. When all these forms become
was
montícola
varíety
the
gaster
Chillan,
Angol
mayri
montícola, Kempf, 1970; Kempf, 1972:149.
Type locality. mayri: chile, without
going,
Rinconada Maipú, 450 m elev. (ucb).
Cuneó: cajón de Río Claro, SE of Los Que1000 m elev. (ucb). Nuble: 40 km E
ñes,
San Carlos (cas); Las Trancas rd., near
Malleco:
Myrmelachista (Hincksidris) mayri, Kempf,
1970:30; Kempf, 1972:149.
These
(lacm);
Termas
synonymy.
Campana (lacm). SantiaPata, Maipú (msto, ucb);
(msto);
ucb);
(lacm);
la
.
Llay-Llay (cas);
(amnh); near San
(msto);
Collíguay,
La
cerro
go:
(lacm,
(HofValparaíso
hoffmanni and rectmota;
Valparaíso:
(lacm).
llar
Myrmelachista (Decamera) mayri Forel, 1886:
214-215. 9
Myrmelachista mayri var. montícola Mayr,
1887:526-527.
1890:23.
9
NEW
Berg,
;
(Hmcksidris)
Myrmelachista
hoffmanni,
Kempf, 1970:30; Kempf, 1972:149.
Myrmelachista (Hincksidris) rectmota, Kempf,
1970:"31; Kempf, 1972:150.
Type
100-103)
(Fig.
Myrmelachista
Forel,
1903:260,
hoffmanni
265. 9 9 í Forel, 1908:399.
Myrmelachista rectmota Forel, 1904a:705,
note, 9
113
Prov.
are,
Valdivia.
mayri,
are
it
from
These
but
on the
specimens from
Biobío
to
Prov.
are
the
hairs
very
hairs
similar
to
on the tibiae
appressed. It is possible that the
montícola might available for this form
can be shown that montícola is a good
fully
ñame
if
erect
few
a
finally,
localities
"typícal"
very similar to the fore-
is
It
species.
Larger
series,
with
females,
necessary in order to solve this dilema.
will
be
Rev.ChilenaEm.
114
(Map
Localities
chile.
15).
La Dormida
cuesta
La
(lacm);
2000 m elev. (msto); ca.
Caleu (lacm). Cuneó: Palos
(amnh);
El
de
Vilches
Can-
10
km
Coigual
W
Cautín:
(msto).
type
of
series
30 km
cena"?
m elev.
(cas).
(cas).
(cas)
[Valdivia
Mayr,
1887)
Osomo: "R.
Llanquihue:
(ucon).
Pucón
Valdivia:
monticola
var.
S Valdivia
NE
mi
10
km E Temuco
Petrohué,
Auti-
100
(ucb).
Type
The
with
longipes,
Kempf,
1970:30;
india;
gracilipes:
Kempf, 1972:22.
Type
locality.
longipes:
SINGAPORE.
This widely
cies
distributed Oíd World spewas reported from Chile by Mayr and
(Valparaíso?).
No specimens have
been studied, and there is presently no evidence that longipes is established there.
Berg
Brachymyrmex Mayr
an exclusively New World genus of
small to minute hypogaeic ants. Most of the
species occur in the tropics, but a few are found
in températe áreas of North and South America. The genus was last revised by Santschi
This
is
Two
(1923b).
species
are
known
to
chile;
nítida
small
description
the
minor variant of
a
is
of
are
nitida
this
agreeing
individuáis
species;
found
in
nests with "typical" giardii.
This species is light to médium brown in;
with some individuáis darker brown.
The integument is dull to slightly shiny, that
head conspicuously punctate. Small
of the
color,
HW
workers, with
are
without
about
possess
notum and
The
species
workers.
gaster
greatly
Such
The
on
setae
number
appears
defined
clearly
usually
pronotum;
the
in excess of 0.5
long
variable
major
107).
HW
eight
a
on
setae
larga workers, with
mm,
than 0.4
less
erect
to
pro-
short,
be
dimorphic,
(fig.
latter
often
with
individuáis
mm,
of
minor
distended
the
105)
have
stored
are
fine
and
the
food
superficially
North American
genus Myrmecocystus.
(Map. 16). chile. Coquimbo:
Oscuro (ucb); Los Vilos (ucb); Carrizal Bajo (uch). Aconcagua: 90 km S lUaValparaíso:
El
Melón.
pel
(cas).
cuesta
Pucalán,}
Peñuelas
(amnh);
cuesta
(ucb);
800 m elev. (ucb); 20 km N Concón (cas).}
Santiago: Santiago (cotypes of giardii Eme-j
amnh);
La Dormida (lacm);!
cuesta
ry;
[Santa Rita; Emery, 1895bJ; Quebrada de laj
La Rinconada, Maipú (ucb). Elj
Plata,
Manzano (uch). Talca: [Talca; Emery, 1905] .1
Nuble: 18 km E San Carlos (cas). Biobío
Angol (cas)
Abanico (cas). Malleco:
El
Llanquihue: [Petrohué; types of var. nítida
Puerto
Santschi, 1922).
Brachymyrmex
laevis
Emery
(Fig 108-1 12)
occur
Brachymyrmex
in Chile.
Brachymyrmex
(Fig.
giardii
Emery
104-107)
Brachymyrmex giardii Emery, 1894: 215216. 9
9; Emery, 1895:16; Emery, 1905:
41b:663; Goetsch, 1933:380 (biologyj; Goetsch, 1935:254-255; Menozzi, 1935:
324,335; Kempf, 1970:31; Kempf, 1972:39.
178,
Kempf,!
Localities
Prenolepis gracilipes, Berg. 1890:25.
Anoplolepis
var.
same
the
(fig.
1857:55;
Santschi,
Santiago,
similar to the repletes of the
.
nitida
1970:31;
giardii:
locality.
variable
with
Fórmica longipes jerdon, 1851:122. 9
Fórmica gracilipes
Smith,
F.
Mayr, 1865:50.
var.
nítida: Petrohué, chile.
setae.
Anoplolepis longipes (Jerdon)*.
giardii
1922:261.
Kempf,
9;
1972:39. new synonymy.
Negros
(amnh).
Talca:
Alto
(uch).
Nuble:
Las
Trancas
"2.7
(msto);
km Las Trancas" (ucb);
Las Trancas rd., near Termas de Chillan, 1350
m elev. (ucb). Biobío: El Abanico (cas).
Arauco: 20 km
Caramávida, cord. Nahuelbuta, 750 m elev. (ucb); Pichinahuel (amnh).
Malleco: Angol (cas); Hda. Dillo, Curacautín
(msto); Fundo Sta. felisa, Curacautín,
20
Brachymyrmex
Santiago:
Ollita,
tillana,
SSE
1975
9,
fig.
laevis
Emery, 1894:216. 9
Emery, 1895 b: 16. 9 9
í; Goetsch, 1933
380
(biology);
Menozzi,
1935:324,
335
Kempf, 1972:39.
Brachymyrmex levis,
1905:178,
Emery,
fig. 41c; Forel, 1908:400; Forel, 1912:62; San
tschi, 1923b:659,figs. 9,60; Kempf, 1970:31.
Type
locality. Valdivia,
chile.
This species in a little smaller than giardii, the integument is usually dark brown to
head
blackish
brown,
with
that
of
the
Snelling y Hunt:
The
ants of Chile
115
B. gmrdu, workers, head in frontal
Píate 16 Figs. 104-112. Formicinae, Brachymyrmex. 104-107,
and major or replete
view and head, thorax and gaster in lateral view, respectively of minor (104, 105)
lateral view; 110, worker, lateral view; 111,
(106, 107). 108-112, B. laevis: 108, 109, male, head and
112. female, head and lateral view.
shiny,
with
very
fine
scattered
punctures.
'Major workers apparently are not produced.
There is usually a single pair of erect hairs on
the disc of the pronotum and another pair on
the mesoscutum. The species is widespread
and
common
Argentina.
It
Chile
in
is
not
occurs
closely
also
related
in
to
of Argentina and may ulprove to be a synonym. Repletes are
patagomcus Mayr
timately
and
apparently
known
for this species.
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Snelling y Hunt:
The
ants of Chile
(Map 16). chile. Aconcagua:
Emery,
1905); [Zapallar; Menozzi,
Juncal;
935); same locality (cas); 10 km E PapuVal90 km S Illapel (cas).
(cas);
io
cuesta
(amnh,
mcz);
Valparaíso
laraíso:
800 m elev. (ucb); Marga-Marga
^'ucalán,
— Side
Localities
Llay-Llay
de Volcán,
(mcz)
/alley
(cas).
Juan
La
:;msto);
Maipo
2.
same
(lacm);
Lapalhue
hostería
650 m elev. (mcz);
Chiquaihue Hiíls (mcz); Parque Nac. Na)Temuco; Kempf,
huelbuta (lacm). Cautín:
1970); same locality (mcz); 20 km E Temu¡ValValdivia:
Pucón (lacm).
(cas);
co
divia; type series, Emery, 1894); 30 km S ValPuyeOsorno:
(mcz).
Corral
(cas);
divia
Malleco:
(uch);
Angol,
hue(ucH).
appressed
scattered,
den pubescence; appressed pubescence of
gol-
three
first
spmolae Roger
ellum ferruginous
— Occipital
limited
pubescence
dorsum
to
erect
scattered
appressed
hairs;
terga
three
with
córner
white
berect
each
of
4.
Occipital córner
few
densely
gena
hairs;
spaces
morojui
dull;
(F.
and malar área without
córner
Smith)
erect
gena with scattered coarse punrtures, interflagellum
shiny;
and
tessellate
lightly
hellmichi
brownish
5.
segment;
punctulate,
flagellum ferruginous
— Occipital
sufirst
and malar área near clypeus with a
hairs,
erect
or
of
ovaticeps (spinola)
flagellum brownish
(ucon).
Nahuelbuta
obscure
at all
^
with
córner
Occipital
locality
[codillera
de
Nuble:
Chillan; Emery, 1895b); [Volcán de Chillan;
Menozzi, 1935); Termas de Chillan (ucon);
Fundo El Roble, 650 m elev. (msto); 18 km
E, 50 km E San Carlos (cas). Concepción:
Alfonso,
San
Arauco:
mcz).
Concepción.
(ucon).
white
short,
sparse,
terga extending to lateral margins of segments; flag-
W
cord.
dorsum with very
appressed pubescence; which does not
3.
5
3
three or four terga
first
— Gastric
surface
Yesera, 2150 m elev. (msto);
Cajón del Maipo (msto); 15 km
E Las Condes (ucb); cuesta La Dormida (lacm,
(lacm);
Caleu
(mcz);
Alfalfal
El
UBC);
cerro
(uch);
Barranca
(lacm);
Farellones
2000-2100 m elev. (lacm). Talca:
Roble,
Vilches, 615 m elev. (ucb). Linares:
05 km
Bullileo
erect
Gastric dorsum densely covered by long, appressed
golden to ferruginous pubcscence which obscures
surface of
Volcán,
El
abundant
of head, in frontal, view, with
or suberect hairs extending continuously from occipital córner to base of mandible (figs. 1 16-1 19)
Santiago:
cerros de Chena,
Maipo, Valle
Viluco; Menozzi,
Apoquindo,
Morado,
;erro
Kempf,
1970);
¡Rinconada-Maipú;
1935);
Emery, 1905, Santschi, 1923b);
[Santiago,
San
117
(Hymenoptera: Formicidaej
Menozzi
and finely micropunctate, with
scattered fine, round punctures; mesopleura dull,
abundant
with
occiput
micropunrtate;
densely
Gena
long,
with
is
dull, .densely
yellow
yellowish
terga
gastric
pubescence;
appressed
appressed
long
pubescence
which
usually sufficiently dense to obscure surface
chüensis (Spinola)
— Gene
moderately
scattered
coarse,
moderately
shiny,
white
occiput
appressed
with
mesopleura
punctures;
tessellate;
short,
scattered,
and
tessellate
shiny,
elongate
with widely
pubescence;
appresed
short,
scattered,
with
terga
gastric
whitish pubescence, surface never obscured
distinguendus (spinola)
Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex)
chilensis
(Spinola)
(Fig.
Camponotiis Mayr
This cosmopolitan genus is one of the largest
of ant genera and is represented in Chile by
members of the subgenus
all
species,
six
Tanaemyrmex. Two species, chilensis
and distinguendus (Spinola), are
nola)
common
and
vk-idespread.
The
(Spi-
very
remaining
forms have, at various times, been considered
forms of one or the other of these. All are good
species,
in
our
patric with these
opinión,
and
since
shovif
they
are
sym-
no evidence of hy-
bridization ví\Ú\ them.
113-114)
Fórmica chilensis Spinola, in Gay, 1851:237238. 9 9
Camponotus chilensis, Mayr, 1865:32; Berg,
1907:
Forel,
1895b: 18;
Emery,
1890:28;
1951:
Kusnezov,
1933:382-383;
10; Goetsch,
.
206-208.
Camponotus
'Hssicheni"
(!)
Emery,
1905:
191.
Camponotus (MyrmosericusJ
chilensis, Santschi,
1916a:396.
Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) chilensis, Me1935:329, 335; Kempf, 1970:32; Kempf,
nozzi,
1972:66.
KEY TO CHILEAN SPECIES OF CAMPONOTUS,
BASED ON WORKERS
1.
Side of head, in frontal view, either without visible
ertct or suberect hairs (fig. 113, 115) or with a few
at occipital córner and near base of mandible only
Type
locality. Santiago,
chile.
with bright golden abdominal
pubescence, is one of the most conspicuous and
common ants in Chile. This color pattern is
shared with ovaticeps and spinolae, but these
lack erect hairs on the margins of the head.
This black
ant,
118
Rev. Chilena
Em.
9,
1975
113
115
116
118
Píate
frontal
17. Figs. 113-119. Formicinae, Camponotus, major workers. 113, 114, C. chüensis, head in
view and head and thorax in lateral view; 115-119, head in frontal view, of 115, C. dutinguendus;
116, C. hellmichi; 117, C. morosus; 118, C. omticeps; 119, C. spmolae.
(0
0)
3
O 0)
c (0
o o
a c
b a
3 (0
O
c c
o 0)
a
E
(0
ü
'¿
o
(0
®
•
'
°::
1
'
I
'
(0
O
1
1
X^-
.-
^^>^/
^
í
\
_../~^
-/,
^"^^~^^~^~^-^
=,
=,
-V^--iî
«,
S,
s,
^v>
=.
=,
i:,
120
Emery (1905)
In the paper by
lensis
was
Kempf
ed
it
ñame
the
chi-
accidentally scrambled to 'Îssicheni"
(1970),
citing
in
further,
still
as
reference confus-
this
"issecheni"
Wheeler
.
(1914)
reponed chilensis from Urubamba,
Perú. This record is, however, based on mus
Roger.
Specimens have been seen from the following Provinces (Map 17): Atacama, Coquimbo,
Aconcagua, Valparaíso, Santiago, O'Higgins,
Colchagua, Curicó, Talca, Maule, Linares,
Nuble, Concepción, Arauco, Malleco, Cautín,
Valdivia, Osorno, Llanquihue and Aisén.
any taxonomic level other than that of a synonym
Another sporadic variant has the tergal pubescence longer and denser than usual. These superlook líke sparsely pubescent chilensis,
but the hairs are white rather than golden or
yellowish.
ficially
This ant occurs
from
seen
(Map
Perú and Argentina as
in
Numberous samples have been
well as in Chile.
foUowing Chilean Provinces
Coquimbo, Aconcagua, Valpa-
the
18):
O'Higgins, Curicó, Talca, MauNuble, Concepción, Biobío, Arauco, Malle-
raíso, Santiago,
le,
Cautín,
co,
Valdivia,
Osorno,
Llanquihue,
Chiloé, Aisén and Magallanes.
distinguendus (Spinola)
hellmichi Menozzi
(Fig. 115)
(Fig. 116)
Fórmica distinguendus Spinola, in Gay, 1851:
235-237. 9 9 í
Camponotus distinguendus, Mayr, 1863:
398;
Mayr,
1886:364;
Emery,
1905:191;
.
Forel, 1907:10; Goetsch, 1933:380-382.
Camponotus
distinguendus
Emery, 1905:191. 9
.
Preocc.
Camponotus distinguendus
1916:242.
Santschi,
A^.
var.
denudatus
new synonymy.
tenuipubens
var.
ñame
for
denudatus
Emery, 1905, not Emery, 1903; Kempf, 1972:
67. NEW SYNONYMY.
Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) distinguendus
var.
tenuipubescens (!) Menozzi, 1935:336;
Kempf, 1970:33.
Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) distinguendus,
Kempf, 1970:33; Kempf, 1972:67.
Type locality. distinguendus: Santa
CHILE; denudatus: Pitrufquén, chile.
This
the
is
common
all-black
Rosa,
Camponotus
inmediately from chilensis,
ovaticeps and spinolae in lacking dense, golden
in
Chile.
It
differs
pubescence on the gaster. It can be confused
only with hellmichi and morosus, but these \.y/o
species
lack erect hairs extending continuously
along the side of the head from the occiput
to
Camponotus
var.
hellmichi
9.;
(Tanemyrmex)
morosus
Minozzi, 1935:330-331, 335.
Kempf, 1970:34; Kempf, 1972:69.
Type
locality. Volcán Villarrica, chile.
This ant was very superficially described as
a variety of morosus. The characteristics cited
in the key to sepárate hellmichi from morosus
are
consistent.
Since
there
is
hybridization between the two
no evidence of
we
hellmichi
feel
should be recognized as a sepárate species.
Localities
(Map 19). chile. Tarapacá:
S.
Chiapa, 3400-3600 m elev. (uch); Cari-
quima,
cord.
Poroma
Iquique,
(uch);
3
3700
km E
m
elev.
(uch);
Zapahuire,
11,100
(ucb); Caquena, 4300-4600 ft. elev.
Chapiquiña (uch). Antofagasta: Turi
(uch). Nuble: [Volcán de Chillan; Menozzi,
Las
1935];
Trancas
(uch).
Concepción:
Queime (uch). Malleco: cord. Las Raíces,
1500 m elev. (msto). Cautín: [Pucón; Menozzi,
1935); volcán Villarrica, 1000 m elev. (ucon).
ft.
elev.
(usnm);
Valdivia:
[volcán
Villarrica;
type
series
of
Menozzi, 1935]. Llanquihue: volca. 1000 m elev. 15 km N Ensena-
hellmichi
cán Osorno,
da (lacm)
.
mandibular
the
base.
The
flagellum
is
also
ferruginous in morosus.
The
denudatus was proposed for those
with unusually short and sparse
gastric
pubescence.
Since
denudatus
was
preoccupied by Emery, 1903, this form was
var.
Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) morosus
populations
renamed tenuipubens by Santschi; the ñame
has been erroneously cited as ''tenuipubescens''
by Emery (1925) and some subsequent authors.
(F.
Smith)
(Fig. 117)
Fórmica morosa
F. Smith, 1858:50-51. 9
.
Since this variant occurs within populations of
more typical form, and often within the
Camponotus morosus,
Mayr,
1862:665;
Mayr, 1865:32.
Camponotus distinguendus var. morosus,
Emery, 1894:214; Emery, 1895b:18; Emery,
same
1905:191; Santschi, 1916:396.
the
nest, there
is
no reason
to
recognize
it
at
;
(A
»
(O
O
o oc *
o .y
I
^ I
C O)
c
a
:;:
E
.Í2
E
(O
"O
(O
ü
]
-
=
ü
(O
5
o
—
/•^í'--'
^-' '
3
'
>.
--
,<.
x^
_^
Id
u
s
^
¡
3
i
--.^^..^-"~-
^
'"";
li^'
s
"x.
c--...
'
-.
------4
•
""^^>4>^r,
=,
'i
i
---î.
s
=,
a,
=,
=,
%
•
<
r-i
ijy^
/••i
1 r"'
í
g
,•
y
Ôl.-—
\_^
J,
-1
r
,
¿
is
i
'
''A
c.
-
\
--'
=1
=,
a,
;=,
=,
=,
I,
=,
s,
~l
=
.
r..
122
Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) morosus, Me1935:329-330, 336; Kempf, 1970:33;
Kempf, 1972:69.
Type locality. chile, without more definite
nozzi,
locality.
This
ponotus
the other
is
Chile.
in
distinguendus
common
Is
by the
is
black-bodied
Cam-
separated from
easily
much more
limited
dis-
With the head
tribution of erect cephalic hairs.
view there are a few short, erct hairs
on the occipital córner and a few on the malar
área near the base of the mandible, but none
between these áreas. The presence of occipital
and malar hairs will serve to distinguish morosus
from hellmichi, and the red flagellum will
sepárate it from both.
Common and widely distributed in Chile,
morosus is found also in Argentina. Numerous
samples have been seen from the foilowing
spinolae Roger
(Fig. 119)
Camponotus spinolae Roger, 1863:144-145. S
Emery, 1894:214-215.
Camponotus chilensis var. rujicomis Emery'
1894:214. 9; Emery, 1895b:18. new synonÍ
YMY.
Camponotus
Camponotus
in full face
19):
Antofagasta, Atacama,
Aconcagua, Valparaíso, Santiago,
O'Higgins, Colchagua, Curicó, Talca, Linares,
Nuble,
Concepción,
Malleco,
Cautín
and
Magallanes.
chilensis
ruficornis,
69.
|
Forel!
1907:10.
Camponotus
(Tanaemyrmex)
335;
Kempf,
ruficornis
Menozzi, 1935:329,
Kempf, 1972:71,
1970:34
spinolae, Kempf:
1970:34.
Kempf"
spinolae,
1972:72.
Type
(Map
Provinces
Coquimbo,
Emery, 1903:64,
ruficornis,
definite
locality. spinolae:
chile, without mor(!
ruficornis:
locality;
de Chi'
cordillera
CHILE.
llán,
I
There appears
with
red
be
to
and
flagellum
bescence
single
golden
species
gastric
ñame
Roger's
Chile.
in
a
but
pu*
antedates
Emery, so ruficornis must be placed ir
synonymy. The red flagellum will inmediately
sepárate this attractive species from chilensis,
that of
ovaticeps (Spinola)
as
(Fig. 118)
Fórmica
Spinola
ovaticeps
238-239. 9
Gay,
in
1851:
.
ovaticeps, Berg, 1890:30.
Emery,
chilensis var. ovaticeps,
1894:214.
of
locality. Valdivia,
little-known
which
(1894).
are
it
without
var.
as a variety by
Chillan,
Emery
erect
hairs,
except
a
range of ovaticeps
lies
best
recognized
as
a
sepárate
species.
Localities
(Map 18). chile. Coquimbo:
Hda. lUapel, 3000 m elev. (mco); 30 km S
Combarbalá (cas). Santiago: Cerro del Roble,
2000-2100 m elev. (lacm). Concepción:
via;
(Map
17).
chile.
Nuble:
Ter-
mas de Chillan (ucon); Las Trancas rd., near
Termas de Chillan, 1270 m elev. (ucb); Las
Refugio
(uch);
m
1400
Shangrila,
(uch);
elev.
cord.
[cordillera
de
chilensis,
wholly within that of chilensis and there is no
evidence that the two hybridize, we think that
[Talcahuano;
along the
Paratrechina fulva (Mayr)*
sides of the head, in frontal view,
in that species. Since the
is
hairs
erect
[Volcán de Chillan; Menozzi, 1935).
resembles
few on the
occipital córner and a few near the base of the
mandible. The gastric pubescence is paler
than in chilensis and the head is broader than
ovaticeps
of
Chillan; type series of ruficornis Emery, 1894);
chile.
ant
was regarded
The
absence
conclude spinolae to be a valid species.
Trancas
Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) chilensis
ovaticeps, Kempf, 1970:32; Kempf, 1972:66.
This
the
Localities
Camponotus
Camponotus
Type
will
head
margins.
No specimens intermediatí
between the two forms have been seen, and we
Berg,
1890).
Valdivia:
type series oí ovaticeps Spinola. 1851).
(Valdi-
Prenolepis
Mayr,
fulva
1862:698.
9
9¡
Mayr, 1865:51-52.
Paratrechina
(Nylanderia)
fulva,
Kempf,
1970:34.
This Brazilian ant was initially recorded
from Chile, without more specific locality, by
Mayr
(1865).
Kempf
(1970)
included
it
in
was probably
imponed. No specimens have been seen, and
his Catalogo, with the note that
the species
may
is
not be establishejl.
Paratrechina longicornis
(Latreille)*
Fórmica longicomis hzlTÚWt, 1802:113 9
Prenolepis longicornis, Mayr, 1865:50-51.
Paratrechina longicornis, Kempf, 1970:34.
.
(O
3
(O
—
2
«
o (O
c
o o
a Ow
E E
(O
ü
ü
©
•"'•
^
#.
•^J
i
\v'
f'
/
í
^1
.
i
c
Vi.
-'
í
i
?
i
o
s.
124
Rev. Chilena Ent.
There
species
is
only a single report of this tramp
Chile,
in
that
of
Mayr
(1865).
No
specimens have been seen, and the species may
not be established. This and the foregoing
species
are included because it is possible
they
may
some
exist in
coastal cities.
Paratrechina
A
single
sp.
including
all
castes, is from
Although belonging to the
group assigned to the subgenus Nylanderia,
they are not fulva. The genus Paratrechina
is much in need of revisión, and it would be futile
to attempt to place a ñame on the specimens
Santiago
at this
series,
(msto).
1975
9,
forms, for the most part, belong to the
subgenus Ephebomyrmex, as that group wfas
characterized by Colé (1968); Kempf (1970,1972) has treated it as a genus, followingí
rican
(1959).
The Chilean species all
belong to Ephebomyrmex, and only bispinosus
is endemic; the other species occur in the Pata-
Kusnezov
gonian subregion of Argentina.
Araucomyrmex is a genus of temperatei
South America, with numerous species in Argentina. It is the most diverse genus in Chile,
with 10 species. Three of these are shared with
Argentina and seven are endemic. The related
genus Dorymyrmex, with several Argentinian
species,
The
genera of living ants of the world and their
distributions are reviewed by Brown (1973).
The living ants of Central and South America
are catalogued by Kempf (1972). Kempf lists
147 genera in the Neotropical Realm, to which
by
a
recorded as being present in Chile. This figure
is,
however, unnaturally high, for some genera
to
Anoplolepis,
Another
Patagonian genus
with two known species.
of uncertain
affinities,
may once have
progenitor
Andean chain
Antichthoni-
This genus is
but seems most similar
A Stenamma-Wkc
Holarctic Stenamma.
the
is
existed
along the
Paratrechina) are represented only by introduced tramp species, and others (Hypoponera,
entire
''Iridomyrmex")
North and Central American Stenamma.
also.
The
probably
introduced
only in
native generic representation consists
of only about
genera.
are
One
11%
South American
Nothidris, appears to be
of the native
genus,
known only from
The Chilean
Chile.
roponera, Pseudomyrmex, Pheidole, Brachymyrmex) are all well represented elsewhere in the
Neotropics, and the one or two species of each
present in Chile are marginal representations.
Solenopsis and Camponotus are large, world-
numerous
There
dris,
is
from
Tapinoma
in
is
a températe zone genus
North and South America. The South Ame-
Me-
be truly separable
ant worthy of special mention
antarcticum.
This
is
a
is
common,
widely distributed species in Chile. In habitus
and behavior it is much like some of the smaller
species of Forelms.
Unfortunately, the taxonomy of the tapinomine genera is very confused and the correct placement of this species is
uncertain. Its affinities, however, seem to lie
with some of the Argentinian Forelius rather
than with Tapinoma.
consists
species
not
it.
An endemic
The
Pogonomyrmex
one endemic Chilean genus, Nothiby three species. This genus
an obvious derivative of the Neotropical
centered in Brazil.
of
is
widely separated from the
represented
South
America. The Chilean species in both genera
have cióse affinities v^íith those of Argentina
and, to some degree, with those of Perú. The
arboreal genus Myrmelachista is wholly Neotropical, and the few Chilean species belong
to a large assemblage of poorly known species
Wfith
Patagonia,
leaving derivative species
galomyrmex and may
ant fauna is therefore a depaupérate derivative of the South American
fauna and has obvious similarity to that of
Argentina. Several genera (Amblyopone, Hete-
wide genera
single
uncertain.
dris,
Tetramorium,
Chile
which shows a notable affinity with the Australian fauna. At least two species of Lasiophanes
(nigriventris and picinus) occur in Argentina,
but the taxonomy of the genus is so poorly
understood that the status of several ñames is
may now be added the genus Antichthonidris.
Of this total, only 22 (about 15%) are here
Monomorium,
in
species.
The genus Lasiophanes is Patagonian and
appears to be most closely related to the Australian Melophorus. It is the only Chilean genus
time.
GENERIC REPRESENTATION
(
represented
is
endemic
SPECIFIC COMPOSITION
ant
species
groups.
of
fauna of Chile as described herein
62 recognized forms. This includes
from a variety of origins and faunal
•
The ants
Snelling y Hunt:
of Chile (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Eight of the species are imported. These are:
Monomorium
M.
flaneóla,
morium caespitum,
T.
Paratrechina
longipes,
pharaonis,
Tetra-
Camponotus
longicomts,
common, species in
Pogonomyrmex angustus, P.
the
of
fauna.
In
fact,
was Paratrechina
which was represent-
sp.,
We
ed by only a single series.
doubtful
is
imported
the
that
well established.
conclude that
are
species
They may, however, be
it
locally
established in urban áreas.
Six of the species can be considered to have
Neotropical
These
distributions.
Hypopo-
are:
nera opacior, Cylindromyrmex striatus, Pheidole
Solenopsis
chilensis,
latastei,
and Myremelachista
humilis
''''
Iridomyrmex"
Hypo-
chilensis.
ponera opacior is widely distributed in the Neotropical and Nearctic Realms. There are only
a few records from Chile, and the status of the
species
is
uncertain.
may
presence in Chile
Its
be the result of accidental introduction within
Cylindromyrmex striatus was
Surinam and has been recorded
from Perú. The single record for Chile is from
times.
historie
described from
Pheidole chilensis
Arica.
known
species
Chile and Lima, Perú.
large
is
affinities
Its
species.
among
included
is
poorly collected
extreme
group of Neotropical
latastei
a
from
only
species only with reservation.
the
A
northern
are with a
Solenopsis
Neotropical
variety has been
from Argentina (Buenos Aires), but
it may prove to be a sepárate species. If so, then
latastei will have to be considered an endemia
Chilean species. ^^ Iridomyrmex" humilis is
probably of Brazilian origin, though this species
described
has been widely dispersed by commerce to many
parts of the world. Myrmelachista chilensis has
been collected in Misiones Province, Argentina,
so must be included among the Neotropical
and
species.
is
The
species
not possible to state
these
total
six
species,
species
known
so poorly
is
where
it
originated.
9.6%
representing
number, are
also
that
it
Thus
of
the
an insignificant
element of the Chilean fauna. Only Solenopsis
common
latastei is a
its
distribution
Hypoponera
Fourteen
Chile
and
opacior
may be
uncommon to
humilis
are
ant in natural habitats,
outside
introduced.
is
and
questionable.
''Iridomyrmex^'
The
other species
rare.
have
Patagonian distributions and are found in southern Argentina as
well as in Chile. This group represents 22.5%
of the total ant fauna of Chile and includes such
very
species
common
species
as;
Pogonomyrmex
Other,
and
chilensis
L.
Antichthonidris
ticulatus,
Solenopsis
this
group
and
are
Arau-
endemic
represent
species
P.
den-
A.
bidentatus,
species
are:
laevigatus,
patagonicus
comyrmex minutus.
The remaining 34
Chile.
Though these
picinus,
distinguendus
C.
less
odoratus,
A.
antarcticus,
hoffmanni,
Anoplolepu
only one of these species seen during our
study
Lasiophanes
tener,
P.
fulva,
members
insignificant
Araucomyrmex
vermiculatus,
guiñéense,
and Paratrechina sp. Though these comprise
12.9% of the total number of species, they are
the
125
to
over
half (54.8%) of the total ant fauna, only a few
are
common: Pseudomyrmex
sis
gayí,
lynceus, Solenop-
"'Tapinoma'"
germaini,
S.
antarcti-
cum, Araucomyrmex goetschi and Brachymyr-
mex
laevis.
Three additional
species have been recorded
from Chile, but are here excluded. (1) Neivamyrmex pertyi (Shuckard) was recorded from
Santiago, under the synonymous ñame fonscolombii, by Forel (1907). The record was surely
based on a mislabelled specimen. No ants of
the subfamily Dorylinae are known from Chile.
(2) Conomyrma pyrmica (Roger) was recorded from Santa Rosa de Los Andes, Chile, by
Dorymyrmex pyramicus.
as
Berg
(1890)
There is no evidence of the presence oí pyramica
in Chile, and this record is very likely a misidentification of one of the species of Araucomyrmex
Dorymyrmex planidens Mayr was
(3)
report-
ed from Santa Rosa de Los Andes, Chile, by
Berg
known
The
(1890).
makes
planidens
The specimens
likely.
of
distribution
occurrence
its
in
Chile un-
seen by Berg were most
probably agallardoi.
DISTRIBtmON AND SPECIATION
biographic
regions
been divided into five
by Goetsch (1931). These
subsequently been employed by
Chile
Continental
have
We
various authors.
Atacaman
the
has
regions
will refer to
(18-30°S),
them here
Espinal
as
(30-37°S),
Magellanic
(45-56°S),
These biogeographic
regions have subsequently been partioned into
eighteen entomofaunal regions by Peña (1965,
1966). Peña's regions were somewhat modified by O'Brien (1971). Distribution data on
Valdivian
and
(37-45°S),
Andean
Regions.
the ants of Chile as illustrated in
maps 1-19 may
be used to examine the suitability of the biogeographic and entomafaunal regions for interpretation of ant distribution and speciation patterns.
Inspection
of
maps
1-19
reveáis
that
the
entomofaunal regions appear to be too fmely
partitioned to be useful with reference to ants.
Only a few specific points may be mentioned.
126
Two
of the regions, the Northern Desert and
Southern Pacific, appear to be devoid of ants.
In the Northern Desert only urban áreas and
river valleys have ants; the Southern Pacific
Región is probably too wet for any ants at all.
Pena's Intermediate Desert and Coquimban
Desert Regions together compromise O'Brien's
Coquimban Región, and this región may be
characterized by the presence of Araucomyrmex
No
goetschi.
to
other ant species seems restricted
or characteristic of a particular entomo-
sp.
faunal región.
The
biogeographic
on
entered
the
the
via
species
mountain
forested
Pogonomyrmex
south.
found
passes
vermiculatus
of
is
a
arid habitats that might have
in
entered Chile via the Patagonian steppe. Cylin-}
dromyrmex
may have
and
striatus
Pheidole
chilensis's
dispersed south along the coast from
Perú.
Speciation of ants in Chile, as refiected by
distributions, may have followed at least
two major patterns. One important pattern
would involve isolation of Chilean immigrants
from populations that are centered outside of
their
other
Chile. Chilean species of genera such as Pseu-
hand, are more general and henee more useful.
domyrmex, Pheidole, Solenopsis, "Tapinoma",
and Myrmelachista may represent this pattern.
A second, more interesting pattern might in-
regions,
the
The Atacaman and Magellanic Regions have
depaupérate ant faunas and cannot be characThe Espinal and Val-
terized by the ants present.
volve
divian regions, however, have very characteristic
Chile
ant
species
These
assemblages.
lynceus,
Pogonomyrmex
culatus,
Solenopsis
assemblages
Pseudomyrmex
are as follows. Espinal Región:
bispinosus,
gayí,
S.
P.
vermi^'Tapi-
latastei,
noma" antarcticum, Araucomyrmex chilensis,
Camponotus morosus, Myrmelachista hojfmanBrachymyrmex giardií Valdivian Región:
ni,
Heteroponera carinifrons, Amblyopone spp.,
Pogonomyrmex
chthonidris
angustus,
Nothidris
spp.,
Anti-
odoralus,
P.
latastei,
Soleno-
psis germaini, Lasiophanes spp.
At
dean
least
tener
and
are
species
patterns:
Camponotus
either
to
have An-
Araucomyrmex
hellmichi.
Other
ant
very
few
by
represented
records or by very wide distributions
(Campo-
notus
and
chilensis,
C.
distinguendus)
of
and
immigration
speciation.
An
regard would
be the possible routes of entry into Chile for
immigrant species. Goetsch (1931) cites four
consideration
in
forests
of
from the contigu-
the
south.
Isolated
áreas of arid habitat on the slopes of the volcanoes
the south that are separated from the con-
in
tiguous
arid
habitats
offered
the
reverse
north
farther
situation
for
may have
speciation,
though no species are clearly recognized to
have followed that pattern. Araucomyrmex is
a genus where there has clearly been extensive
within
speciation
that
Chile,
yet
obscure.
is
Componotus are other genera
the
pattern
of
and
Lasiophanes
that pose intrigu-
ing problems as concerns speciation.
FAUNAL RICHNESS
The fauna
The distribution patterns of Chilean ants
may give some insight into their possible
patterns
Valdivian
are
difficult to delimit distributionally.
important
ous
cekalovici
A^.
speciation in áreas
pattern:
illustrate this
within
populations
Nothidris bicolor and
of most forest habitat isolated
speciation
two ant species appear
distribution
may
among
speciation
itself.
this
might be employed: in the north,
across the Puna from Perú, Bolivia, and Argentina; in the south, through various mountain
passes that connect with Argentina; in the far
south, across the low Cordillera that connects
directly with Patagonian Argentina; and, along
the northern coast, a desertic connection with
Perú. Each of these routes has probably been
routes that
of Chile has been described as being
interesting
as
This
is
elements
as true for
lacking
army
as
Formicidae
particular as for the fauna in general.
in
to
those
for
for those present.
The
ants (Dorylinae) have already been noted
be absent. Since the females in this subfamily
always wingless it is understandable that
unable to disperse into Chile.
Equally conspicuous by their absence (but
are
they have been
less
explainably so) are the Attini and Cepha-
lotini.
The
attines,
those species that cultívate
fungí in their nests, are abundantly represented
by
genera
and
species
in
Argentina.
cephalotines are arboreal; a rich fauna
in
tropical
forests,
is
The
found
and they are by no means
exploited by ants.
rare in températe áreas. Another conspicuously
For example, many species that are characof the Espinal Región fauna may have
entered Chile across the northern Andes from
successful
teristic
Perú, Bolivia, or Argentina.
teristic species in
Many
of the charac-
the Valdivian Región probably
form is Crematogaster, a varied and
genus with many species in tropical
and températe South America yet none found
in Chile. Although Pheidole and Camponotus
are present in Chile, the low number of species
absent
i
I
Snclling y Hunt:
The ants of Chile (Hymenoptera: Formiadae)
these genera is surprising in view of the large
iumber present in the rest of South America.
The depaupérate ant fauna of Chile is clearly
ue in part to the difficulty of immigration.
\i
and aptly
recognized this
(1931)
lescribed Chile as an island. Boundaries that
solate Chile are the deserts in the north, cordiioetsch
the
in
orests
and cold
the east, ocean in the west,
in
lera
Difficulties
south.
confront
that
have servthe abundance of
pecies in crossing these boundaries
part,
in
least
at
id,
limit
to
C, Jr. 1968. Pogonomyrmex harvester ants. A
study of the genus in North America. Univ. Tenn. Press.
CoLE, A.
X
222 pp.
-I-
Creighton,
VV. S. 1930.
The New World
Amer. Acad. Arts
Solenopsis.
species of the genus
Sci. Proc.
66:39-151.
Creighton, W. S. 1950. The ants of North America. Mus.
Comp. Zool. Bull. 104:1-585.
Dalla Torre, C. G. de. 1893, Catalogus Hymenopterorum
hucusque
descriptorum
systematicus
synonymicus.
et
7:289 pp.
Emery, C.
avec
1894
Note sur
(1895).
de deux
4:213-216.
descriptions
Sci. C/ü/i /leí.
Emery,
pecies.
127
fourmis des Chili
nouvelles.
Soc.
de* quelques fourmis
Entomol. Belg. Ann. 39:
Descriptions
1895a.
C.
nouvelles
les
especies
Soc.
d'Australie.
345-358.
CONCLUSIÓN
Emery, C. 1895b. Deuxiéme
note sur les fourmis de Chili.
Soc. Sci. ChiliAct. 5:10-18.
?uture studies of ants in Chile will unquestionadditional
reveal
ibly
species
be
to
present.
specialized coUecting methods such as Búrlese
lampling or careful survey of arboreal habitáis
probably add species to the list. We feel,
that the fundamental nature of the
vill
lowever,
formicid fauna is clear: two major
the
Espinal
represen!
assemblages
Valdivian Biogeographic Regions. Most
Dhilean
ipecies
and
Dther
species
uncommon and
are
locally
dis-
widespread
and common. The fauna as a whole, considering especially its depaupérate nature, offers
inumerous interesting opportunities for sistem[ributed; a few species are both very
atic,
Emery, C. 1903. Intorno ad alcune
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Entomol.
y uru-
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Revista chilena de entomología - Sociedad Chilena de Entomología

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