Advanced nacelle anemometry and SCADA

Advanced nacelle anemometry and SCADA-data,
analysis techniques and limitations
Frank Ormel
Chief Specialist in Product Integration
Vestas
Outline
• Introduction
• State of the art
• Advanced methods
• Nacelle Power Curve standard
• Conclusion
Contributors:
Irene Lauret Ducosson, Martin de Mare, Rolf Erik Keck,
Carsten Krogh Nielsen
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EWEA presentation July 2012 Lyon
The purpose: performance monitoring and park optimisation
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The problem: correlation to free stream wind
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The problem: correlation to free stream wind
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Apparent AEP & real AEP
The apparent effect of a nacelle
anemometer measurement error
Original power curve
The real effect of the same
nacelle anemometer
measurement error
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EWEA presentation July 2012 Lyon
It seems like the power
performance has ben
reduced by 10% whereas
in reality it has been
reduced by 0.5%
The problem: seasonal variation
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EWEA presentation July 2012 Lyon
State of the art: detection of icing
Scatterplot of AvgPower vs Wind speed (Normalized)
1800
Day
2010-12-24
2010-12-25
2010-12-26
2010-12-27
2010-12-28
1600
1400
A vgPower
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Wind speed (Normalized)
Scatterplot of AvgPower vs Wind speed (Normalized)
1800
Day
2010-12-18
2010-12-19
2010-12-20
2010-12-21
2010-12-22
2010-12-23
2010-12-24
2010-12-25
2010-12-26
2010-12-27
2010-12-28
2010-12-29
2010-12-30
2010-12-31
1600
1400
A vgPower
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
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EWEA presentation July 2012 Lyon
2
4
6
8
10
Wind speed (Normalized)
12
14
16
State of the art: incorrect pitching
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EWEA presentation July 2012 Lyon
State of the art: overview
In general, we can confidently detect the following field
performance issues:
• Icing
• Yaw error
• Pitch problems
• De-rating problem
• Curtailment
• Incorrect control parameters influencing performance
• Incorrect nacelle transfer function
• Directional influence
10 EWEA presentation July 2012 Lyon
Standardisation: IEC 61400-12-2 standard
The project team has submitted the FDIS to the IEC June
2012. When approved by the national committees the
standard can be expected around summer 2013
The standard is not easier than -12-1; a lot of focus has
been put in to reduce variance. Still, total uncertainty of the
test is higher than -12-1 standard (power curve test with
met-mast)
Useability will largely depend on OEMs to be compliant with
this standard through their software – in which case costs
are significantly lower than for a -12-1 test
Main challenge is to separate terrain influence on wind
speed from rotor infuence
11 EWEA presentation July 2012 Lyon
Advanced techniques: NTF calculated by CFD
WS Correlation graph of Free WS vs Anemometer Sensor WS (CFD & Field)
18.00
Some encouraging
results but high
variability from site to
site and operator to
operator. Not ready for
field testing or
standardisation
Anemometer_Right-CFD
Anemometer_Left-CFD
Anemometer_Right-Field
Anemometer_Left-Field
16.00
Anemometer Sensor WindSpeed (m/s)
14.00
12.00
10.00
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Freestream WindSpeed (m/s)
Wind speeds
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Actuator disc
Actuator line
Field data
4
0.998
0.982
1.010
6
1.024
-
1.105
8
1.018
1.025
1.036
10
1.021
1.037
1.025
12
1.024
1.032
14
1.015
-
1.052
-
16
1.009
1.008
-
Advanced techniques: Spinner anemometry
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13 EWEA presentation July 2012 Lyon
Site calibration done
Turbine running with spinner anemometer for half a
year
Availability 51% (100% of the data) per 10-min data
set, 97% available (99% of the data per 10-min data
set)
Correlation to free stream wind has R2 of 0.89, which
is less than standard anemometer (R2 = 0.97)
Correlation to free stream turbulence is equally bad
between standard anemometer and spinner
anemometer
More data requirement for spinner anemometery to
establish itself as a valuable option
Limitations and Conclusions
In order to get value out of nacelle anemometry data we
have to overcome these limitations:
• Data quality currently lowers the capability of the analysis
– we are looking with ‘foggy glasses’ and results are not
clear
• Main challenge of understanding the physics through the
available data – data must be used to verify hypotheses,
not only to postulate problems
• Data must be used together with other sources (other
turbines, met-masts, other signals, logbooks
While addressing these challenges, we can identify and solve
a number of problems with park operation and add value by
optimising park performance
14 EWEA presentation July 2012 Lyon
Thank you for your attention