File - Mrs.McArthur`s AP Art History Class

Chapter 26-2
18th Century Art in Europe and North
America
Revivals and Romanticism in
Britain
Artist: Richard
Boyle (Lord
Burlington)
Title: Chiswick
House
Medium: n/a
Size: n/a
Date: 1724–29
Interior
decoration
(1726–29) and
new gardens
(1730–40) by
William Kent
Source/
Museum:
West London,
England
Took a stand against baroque and rococo embellishments, returned to the simplicity
of Andrea Palladio, bilateral symmetry, octagonal, 2 entrances, 2 stair cases,
revival of Pallodio design with some crisp added features
Artist: Henry Flitcroft and Henry Hoare
Title: The Park at Stourhead
Medium: n/a
Size: n/a
Date: Laid out 1743; executed 1744–65, with continuing additions
Source/ Museum: Wiltshire, England
Landscape architecture- gardens designed to attract attention like architecture or help to
enhance the architecture around it
Growing enlightenment and emphasis on the natural
Showcasing of the picturesque, with roman and Greek hints
Grottos, replica of the Parthenon, gothic spire, Turkish tent, Chinese bridge
Like any artist we have seen?
Artist: Horace Walpole and others
Title: Strawberry Hill
Date: 1749–76
Source/ Museum: Twickenham, England
Part of the gothic revival, manifestation of architectural romanitism
30 years transforming home
Turrets
crenellated battlements
tracery
Artist: Horace Walpole, John Chute, and Richard Bentley
Title: Library, Strawberry Hill
Date: After 1754
Artist: Josiah Wedgwood
Title: Vase: The Apotheosis of Homer
Medium: White jasper body with a mid-blue dip
and white relief
Size: height 18" (45.7 cm)
Date: 1786
Source/ Museum: Made at the Wedgwood Etruria
factory, Staffordshire, England. Relief of The
Apotheosis of Homeradapted from plaque by John
Flaxman, Jr., 1778. Trustees of the Wedgwood
Museum, Barlaston, Staffordshire, England
Wedgewood the most respected neo-classic
sculptor in England
Set up shops with his own kilns and trained
workers
Developed a jasperware technique, most
popular was the white and blue jasperware
Classical themes, based on book illustrations
Great demands for mass production
Artist: William Hackwood for
Josiah Wedgwood
Title: “Am I not a Man and a
Brother?”
Medium: Black and white
jasperware
Size: 1⅜ X 1⅜" (3.5 X 3.5 cm)
Date: 1787
Source/ Museum: Trustees of
the Wedgwood Museum,
Barlaston, Staffordshire,
England
Wedgewood also a member of
the slavery abolishment effort
Printed these discs/coins
Mailed them to Ben Franklin
Later women's suffrage had
ones that said am I not a
women and a sister
Artist:
William
Hogarth
Title: The
Marriage
Contract
Medium: Oil
on canvas
Size: 27½ X
35¾" (69.9 X
90.8 cm)
Date: 1743–
45
Source/
Museum:
From
Marriage à la
Mode / The
National
Gallery
Believe art should contribute to the improvement of society
London
Reproduced Gout ridden man arranging the marriage of his son to a wealth merchant’s
by Courtesy of daughter, based on a essay, merchant gains status, man gains money, 5 pictures
the Trustees in total, interesting progression… entertain and teach
Artist: Joshua Reynolds
Title: Lady Sarah Bunbury Sacrificing to the
Graces
Medium: Oil on canvas
Size: 7'10" X 5' (2.42 X 1.53 m)
Date: 1765
Source/ Museum: The Art Institute of Chicago.
Mr. and Mrs. W. W. Kimball Collection,
1922.4468
Art should come from studying the past, universal
rather than the particular
People wanted pictures of themselves not
mythology…so you do what?
Classic symbols? What is in the painting?
Artist: Thomas Gainsborough
Title: Portrait of Mrs. Richard Brinsley Sheridan
Medium: Oil on canvas
Size: 7'2⅝" X 5'⅝" (2.2 X 1.54 m)
Date: 1785–87
Source/ Museum: National Gallery of Art,
Washington, D.C. Andrew W. Mellon Collection
(1937.1.92)
People at this time were still like the Van
dyck style of portraiture were you would
place the person in a relaxed position in a
natural setting
Wind blown hair matches the tree foliage,
framing tree, natural slopping background
Enlightenment =Nature is the emphasis of
natural goodness and beauty
Artist: Joseph Wright
Title: An Experiment
on a Bird in the AirPump
Medium: Oil on
canvas
Size: 6 X 8' (1.82 X
2.43 m)
Date: 1768
Source/ Museum:
The National Gallery,
London
Part of the enlightenment idea was to interest people in science
This portrait artist went on the grand tour and began to make painting that were based more on
science, member of a society to popularize science
Air pump study
Science replaces religion as the great light
Artist:
Benjamin
West
Title: The
Death of
General
Wolfe
Medium: Oil
on canvas
Size: 4'11½"
X 7' (1.51 X
2.14 m)
Date: 1770
Source/
Museum:
The National
Gallery of
Canada,
Ottawa.
American born artist studies in Philly then Rome
Met winklemann and became a student of mengs
Specialized in history paintings that were neoclassical… shock them with this one,
important event in the 7 years war, Wolfe died after they won
Dramatic sky, exotic interest, --- launched the romantic movement in Britain
Artist: John Henry
Fuseli
Title: The Nightmare
Medium: Oil on
canvas
Size: 39¾ X 49½"
(101 X 127 cm)
Date: 1781
Source/ Museum:
The Detroit Institute
of Arts. Gift of Mr.
and Mrs. Bert
Smokler and Mr. and
Mrs. Lawrence A.
Fleischmann
Romanitic paining-celebration of emotion and expression
Inspired by english poets,
INCUBUS
Thought to be an ode to his love, he could not yet marry
Critics hated his work, the people loved it
Freud hung one in his offic
Artist: William Blake
Title: Elohim Creating
Adam
Medium: Color print
finished in pen and
watercolor
Size: 17 X 21⅛" (43.1 X
53.6 cm)
Date: 1795
Source/ Museum: Tate
Gallery, London
Fiend of Fusheli
Poet, painter, printmaker
Advocate for unfettering
imagination
Good vs. evil
Prophetic books- poetry
and spirituality
Los and Or
1 of 12
Worm symbolizes energy
Elohim= god in Hebrew
Later
th
18
century in France
Artist: JacquesGermain Soufflot
Title: Panthéon
(Church of SainteGeneviève)
Medium: n/a
Size: n/a
Date: 1755–92
Source/ Museum:
Paris
Classicism is the one true
style- 2 fractions
Traditionalist vs. radical
visionaries
Traditionalist- Roman
+baroque+ Palladian
Portico, central plan,
dome
Maintain historical
continuity of classical
tradition
Artist: Jean-Baptiste
Greuze
Title: The Drunken
Cobbler
Medium: Oil on
canvas
Size: 29 ⅝ X 36⅜"
(75.2 X 92.4 cm)
Date: 1780–85
Source/ Museum:
Portland Art
Museum, Portland,
Oregon. Gift of
Marion Bowles Hollis
Middle class drama, teaching lessons ( this one for the husband)
Genre painter, wanted to be history painter
Whats going on?
Artist: Marie-Louise-Élisabeth VigéeLebrun
Title: Portrait of Marie Antoinette
with Her Children
Medium: Oil on canvas
Size: 9'½" X 7'⅝" (2.75 X 2.15 m)
Date: 1787
Source/ Museum: Musée National
du Château de Versailles
French painting before the revelation
was modified rococo
Marie Antoinette's favorite painter
Painted as good mother,
Meant to counter her public image as
selfish, immoral, extravagant, and
spoiled
Asking for sympathy
Empty cradle
Artist: Adélaïde Labille-Guiard
Title: Self-Portrait with Two Pupils
Medium: Oil on canvas
Size: 6'11" X 4'11½" (2.11 X 1.51 m)
Date: 1785
Source/ Museum: The Metropolitan
Museum of Art, New York. Gift of Julia A.
Berwind, 1953 (53.225.5)
Painting for the Paris salon, it is
monumental
Why did she paint herself?
Muse?
Pyramidal composition
Artist: JacquesLouis David
Title: Oath of the
Horatii
Medium: Oil on
canvas
Size: 10'8¼" X 14'
(3.26 X 4.27 m)
Date: 1784–85
Source/ Museum:
Musée du Louvre,
Paris
Leading French Neo-classist 1774 Prix de Rome, returned in 1780
Stoic men and emotional women, classic story of early Rome and alba
Soon became an emblem of the French revolution, 40,000 people die in the name of
democracy
Artist: Jacques-Louis David
Title: Death of Marat
Medium: Oil on canvas
Size: 5'5" X 4'2½" (1.65 X 1.28 m)
Date: 1793
Source/ Museum: Musées Royaux des
Beaux-Arts de Belgique, Brussels
Commissioned by the Jacobins as
tribute to their slain leader
Because of a painful skin condition
Marat conducted business in the bath
tub
A young radical of the opposing party
gained entrance to his office and
stabbed him
David shows us the quiet after math of
the incident
Much like Caravaggio, and Zurbaran
Artist: Anne-Louis Girodet-Trioson
Title: Portrait of Jean-Baptiste Belley
Medium: Oil on canvas
Size: 5'2½" X 3'8½" (1.59 X 1.13 m)
Date: 1797
Source/ Museum: Musée National du
Château de Versailles
Influenced by David,
Like David's early stylistic and thematic
principles
Combines graceful simplicity and
significant political dimension
Representative from Hatii1794 slavery was
abolished in the islands
1801 Napoleon reestablished it
Bust is of the abbot that said slavery was
an abomination which got the ball rolling
to remove it
Picture a tribute
Artist: Jean-Antoine Houdon
Title: George Washington
Medium: Marble
Size: height 6'2" (1.9 m)
Date: 1788–92
Source/ Museum: State Capitol, Richmond, Virginia
1764-68 Prix de Rome
Created bust and statues of important people of the
era
Because of the bust he did for French ambassador
Franklin, he asked him to create a full length statue
of Washington
General uniform but serene expression and
contrapposto,
13 rods bound together
Art in North America
Artist:
Thomas
Jefferson
Title:
Monticello
Medium:
n/a
Size: n/a
Date: 1769–
82, 1796–
1809
Source/
Museum:
Charlottesvil
le, Virginia
1789 after going to France, Jefferson came back and redesigned monticello
French doors, tall narrow windows,temple front and dome,
Humble building materials
Attempting to make it look single story