Romania in Figures 2011

Transcription

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS
â
Coordinator of publication:
Professor Vergil VOINEAGU, PhD - President
Coordinators of edition:
Cristian Nicolae STÃNICÃ, PhD - Vice-president
Gabriel Petricã JIFCU
- General Secretary
Ilie DUMITRESCU
- Director
Adriana CIUCHEA
- General Director
Doina BADEA
- Chief of Office
Editor in chief:
Doina BADEA - Chief of Office
General Department of National Accounts and Macroeconomics Synthesis
Authors:
Adriana CIUCHEA, Doina BADEA, ªtefan TRICÃ PhD, Silvia PISICÃ, Andreea CAMBIR,
Georgeta Marinela ISTRATE, Nina ALEXEVICI, Mihai GHEORGHE, Florica CÎRSTEA,
Ion FLORESCU, Lucia Cecilia SINIGAGLIA, Florentina GHEORGHE, Daniela ªTEFÃNESCU.
Translation:
Daniela ªTEFÃNESCU - Director
Lavinia POPESCU
- Councellor
Ramona SANDU
- Councellor
Department of European Affairs and International Cooperation
Making-up:
Doina BADEA, Gabriela Melania PODBEREÞCHI, Elena TUDOR,
Genia MIHOC, Laura ENACHE, Daniela BUCUR, Lenuþa POPESCU.
Pre-press and printing:
General Department of IT and Statistical Infrastructure
Department of Statistical Publications Editing
Coordinators:
Gheorghe Emanoil VAIDA-MUNTEAN - General Director
Vitty-Cristian CHIRAN - Director
Rodica-Elena SOLOVÃSTRU - Head of Unit
Pre-press: Laurenþiu MUNTEANU - Councellor
Photo: Vitty-Cristian CHIRAN - Director
Cover: Alexandru POPESCU - Referent
CD Editor: Lenuþa POPESCU- Councellor
National Institute of Statistics
16 Libertãþii BVD, Bucharest 5
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e-mail: [email protected]
h t t p : / / w w w . i n s s e . r o
NIS 2011
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ISSN 2066 - 6284
ISSN-L 1224 - 2896
EUROPEAN
UNION
â
FINLAND
SWEDEN
ESTONIA
LATVIA
IRELAND
UNITED
KINGDOM
DENMARK
LITHUANIA
NETHERLANDS
BELGIUM
POLAND
GERMANY
CZECH REP.
LUXEMBOURG
SLOVAKIA
FRANCE
PORTUGAL
SPAIN
AUSTRIA HUNGARY
SLOVENIA
ROMANIA
ITALY
BULGARIA
GREECE
MALTA
CYPRUS
â
CONTENTS
Page
General presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Labour market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Population income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Earnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Population expenditure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Population consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Dwellings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Unemployed social protection
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Social insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Social assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
National accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Investments
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Agriculture
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Forestry
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Enterprise activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Industry
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
International trade in goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Domestic trade
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Market services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Tourism
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Justice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
International statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
â
COUNTIES GROUPING, BY MACROREGION AND DEVELOPMENT REGION
Satu Mare
Botoºani
SUCEAVA
Baia Mare
SATU MARE
North - West
BOTOª ANI
MARAMUREª
Suceava
BISTRIÞA-NÃSÃUD
IAªI
Zalãu
SÃLAJ
Oradea
Center
BIHOR
Piatra-Neamþ
MUREª
Cluj-Napoca
Iaºi
NEAMÞ
Bistriþa
CLUJ
Târgu Mureº
Bacãu
HARGHITA
BACÃU
Miercurea Ciuc
Arad
ARAD
West
MACROREGION ONE
MACROREGION TWO
BRAªOV
SIBIU
Râmnicu
Vâlcea
Târgu Jiu
GORJ
VÂLCEA
Piteºti
Slatina
DOLJ
Counties
South - West Oltenia
Tulcea
TULCEA
DÂMBOVIÞA
BUCHAREST
Alexandria
OLT
Development region
Brãila
BRÃILA
Ploieºti
IALOMIÞA
ILFOV
Craiova
County residence
BUZÃU
Buzãu
MEHEDINÞI
Municipalities
MACROREGION FOUR
GALAÞI
Galaþi
Târgoviºte
Drobeta
Turnu Severin
MACROREGION THREE
VRANCEA
Focºani
PRAHOVA
ARGEª
CARAª-SEVERIN
Towns
COVASNA
Sfântu
Gheorghe
Braºov
HUNEDOARA
Reºiþa
Legend:
VASLUI
Alba Iulia
Sibiu
TIMIª
Vaslui
ALBA
Deva
Timiºoara
North - East
Slobozia
CÃLÃRAªI
GIURGIU
CONSTANÞA
Cãlãraºi
Constanþa
Giurgiu
TELEORMAN
South - Muntenia
Bucharest - Ilfov
South-East
GENERAL PRESENTATION â
GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION OF ROMANIA
North
South
East
West
Extreme point
(locality)
County
Horodiºtea village
Zimnicea town
Sulina town
Beba Veche commune
Botoºani
Teleorman
Tulcea
Timiº
Longitude
east1)
Latitude
north
26o42’05”
25o23’32”
29o41’24”
20o15’44”
48o15’06”
43o37’07”
45o09’36”
46o07’27”
1) According to Greenwich.
z Romania is situated in the geographical centre of Europe (south-east of Central Europe) in the north
of the Balkan Peninsula, at half the distance between the Atlantic Coast and the Urals, inside and
outside the Carpathians Arch, on the Danube lower course (1075 km) and is bathed by the Black Sea.
z The geometrical centre of the country is placed at the crossing of the 45oN parallel with the 25oE
meridian (100 km N-W of the country’s capital, Bucharest).
z
z
z
z
Total area = 238391 km2.
Romanian total borders = 3150 km.
Neighbours: Bulgaria, Republic of Moldova, Serbia, Ukraine and Hungary.
The Romanian seaside of the Black Sea lies on 245 km, between Musura stream (at the border with
Ukraine) and Vama Veche locality (at the border with Bulgaria).
ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANISATION OF THE ROMANIAN TERRITORY
ON DECEMBER 31, 2010
Number of counties
Number of towns and municipalities
1)
42
320
of which: municipalities
103
Number of communes
2861
Number of villages
12956
1) Including Bucharest Municipality.
Statistical abstract
5
â
GENERAL PRESENTATION
ROMANIA'S RELIEF
It consists of three major levels namely: the highest one in the Carpathians, the middle one which
corresponds to the Sub-Carpathians, to the hills and to the plateaus and the lowest one in the plains, the
meadows and the Danube Delta. The main features of the relief units are proportionality (31% mountains,
36% hills and plateaus, 33% plains and meadows) and the concentric display of the major relief levels.
Major mountain peaks
Name of
peak
Name of
massif
County
Height
(m)
Moldoveanu
Negoiu
Parângu Mare
Peleaga
Omu
Fãgãraº
Fãgãraº
Parâng
Retezat
Bucegi
Argeº
Argeº, Braºov, Sibiu
Gorj, Hunedoara
Hunedoara
Prahova, Braºov, Dâmboviþa
2544
2535
2519
2509
2505
z Romanian running waters are radially displayed, most of them having their source in the
Carpathians, and flow into the Danube river, which marks the southern border on a 1075 km length
and flows into the Black Sea.
Major rivers
River name
Length of the river
( km )
Basin area
( km2)
Danube
Mureº
Prut
Olt
1075
761
742
615
332501)
27890
10990
24050
Siret
559
42890
1) Excluding the tributaries which form the first degree basins.
z Lakes are represented by natural lakes, spread across all major relief units, from glacial ones in the
mountainous area (Mioarele Lake - Fãgãraº at 2282 m), to river-maritime banks (Techirghiol Lake at
1.5 m) and anthropic lakes.
Anthropic lake name
County
Area
( ha )
Porþile de Fier
Ostrovu Mare
Mehedinþi
Mehedinþi
70000.02)
7920.0
Volume1)
(mil. m3)
2400.0
800.0
1) At normal level of afflux.
2) Nera-Danube and dam confluence (according to the data of the two hydro-power stations).
6
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
GENERAL PRESENTATION â
Major natural lakes
Natural lake name
County
Area
( ha )
Glacial circus lakes: Bucura
Volcanic crater lakes: Sfânta Ana
Karstic depression lakes: Zãton
Natural barrage lakes: Lacul Roºu
Clasto-karstic lakes: Ianca
River banks: Oltina
River-maritime banks: Taºaul
Maritime lagoons: Razim
River meadow lakes: Brateº
Danube Delta lakes: Dranov
Hunedoara
Harghita
Mehedinþi
Harghita
Brãila
Constanþa
Constanþa
Tulcea
Galaþi
Tulcea
Volume1)
(mil. m3)
10.5
22.0
20.0
12.6
322.0
2509.0
2335.0
41500.0
2111.0
2170.0
0.5
0.6
1.0
0.7
1.6
60.0
57.0
909.0
30.0
21.7
1) At normal level of afflux.
z Romania's useful mineral resources are diverse: crude oil, natural gas, coal, mainly coked pitcoal,
brown coal and lignite, ferrous and non-ferrous ores, gold and silver deposits, bauxite, large reserves
of salt, as well as numerous non-metalliferous resources.
A special category of subsoil resources are the over 2000 mineral water springs, with consumption
and medical treatment valences.
Protected areas, in 2010
Categories of protected areas
Number
Scientific reservations
National parks
Natural monuments
Natural reservations
Natural parks
Biosphere reservations
Humid areas of international importance
Avifauna special protection areas
Sites of Community importance
79
13
230
661
14
3
5
108
273
Area (ha)
3105361)
3162711)
844481)
2730561)
7638941)
664446
616571
2988713
3284092
Note: Areas of protected zones were calculated according to the Law no.5/2000 regarding the national territory
arrangement plan – Section III - protected areas and G.D. no.2151/2004; 1581/2005; 1143/2007 regarding regime
of natural protected area for new zones; 1284/2007 regarding declaration of special protection avifauna areas as
integral part of European ecological relation NATURE 2000 in Romania and 1066/2010 regarding regime of
natural protected area over some zones from the reservation of “Danube Delta” biosphere.
1) Areas reassessed by measurements made with GIS technologies.
Source: National Agency for Environment Protection.
Biosphere reservations, in 2010
Name of reservation
Total
Danube Delta
Retezat
Rodna
County
Tulcea, Constanþa
Hunedoara
Maramureº, Bistriþa-Nãsãud, Suceava
Area 1) (ha)
664446
580000
38047
46399
1) According to the Law no. 5/2000 on the national territory arrangement plan - Section III (Protected areas).
Source: National Agency for Environmental Protection.
7
â
GENERAL PRESENTATION
Air temperature, in 2010
Meteorological
Yearly
station
Satu Mare
Suceava
Oradea
Iaºi
Cluj-Napoca
Târgu Mureº
Bacãu
Timiºoara
Deva
Sibiu
Vârfu Omu
Galaþi
Târgu Jiu
Buzãu
Calafat
Turnu Mãgurele
Bucharest-Filaret
Constanþa
degrees Celsius
Yearly absolute
maximum
Yearly absolute
minimum
average
Value
Recording
date
Value
Recording
date
10.3
8.4
11.0
10.4
9.3
9.9
9.8
11.6
10.5
9.8
-1.8
11.8
10.9
11.6
11.9
11.9
12.0
13.1
36.0
33.6
36.0
38.1
33.8
35.9
35.8
35.9
35.1
34.0
18.5
37.6
35.5
37.3
39.0
38.0
38.1
34.7
14.VIII
13.VIII
15.VIII
13.VIII
13.VI
14.VIII
13.VIII
15.VIII
12.VI
12.VI
27.VIII
13.VIII
14;15.VIII
13.VIII
28.VIII
15.VIII
13.VIII
11.VIII
-15.6
-24.7
-14.8
-26.9
-18.1
-21.9
-25.9
-12.9
-16.6
-24.2
-24.2
-21.5
-18.0
-25.7
-21.0
-21.8
-18.9
-17.8
28.I
26.I
25.I
26.I
25.I
25.I
25.I
28.I
25.I
25.I
25.I
25.I
25.I
26.I
25.I
27.I
26.I
25.I
Source: National Administration of Meteorology.
Precipitations, in 2010
Meteorological station
Satu Mare
Suceava
Oradea
Iaºi
Cluj-Napoca
Târgu Mureº
Bacãu
Timiºoara
Deva
Sibiu
Vârfu Omu
Galaþi
Târgu Jiu
Buzãu
Calafat
Turnu Mãgurele
Bucharest-Filaret
Constanþa
Yearly quantity (mm)
995.6
869.8
876.2
581.2
811.8
735.5
825.6
790.3
759.1
718.5
1367.1
682.4
981.4
513.8
590.1
644.7
659.6
583.8
Source: National Administration of Meteorology.
8
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
GENERAL PRESENTATION á
POPULATION
z 21431298 inhabitants, on July 1, 2010;
z Density: 89.9 inhabitants / km2, on July 1, 2010.
CAPITAL: Bucharest Municipality (1942254 inhabitants on July 1, 2010), divided into six administrative
sectors. Mentioned for the first time in documents on 20.IX.1459, as residence of Vlad Þepeº. It becomes
the capital of the Romanian Country (Þara Româneascã) in the second half of the 17th century and the
capital of Romania in 1862, being the most important political, economic, cultural and scientific centre of
the country.
MAIN CITIES: Bucharest, Timiºoara, Iaºi, Cluj-Napoca, Constanþa, Craiova, Galaþi, Braºov, Ploieºti, Brãila.
The town situated at the highest average altitude is Predeal (Braºov county) = 1060 m.
The town situated at the lowest average altitude is Sulina (Tulcea county) = 4 m.
MAIN HARBOURS:
– at the Black Sea: Constanþa, Mangalia;
– at the Danube: Moldova Nouã, Orºova, Drobeta-Turnu Severin, Calafat, Corabia, Turnu Mãgurele,
Zimnicea, Giurgiu, Olteniþa, Cãlãraºi, Cernavodã, Hârºova, Mãcin, Brãila, Galaþi, Tulcea, Sulina.
MAIN AIRPORTS: Bucharest (“Henri Coandã”-Otopeni and Bãneasa), Constanþa (“Mihail Kogãlniceanu”),
Timiºoara (“Traian Vuia”), Cluj-Napoca, Iaºi, Arad, Oradea, Baia Mare, Târgu Mureº, Suceava, Bacãu, Deva,
Sibiu, Craiova, Tulcea.
OFFICIAL LANGUAGE: Romanian.
ROMANIA’S NATIONAL DAY: December 1.
ROMANIA’S FLAG: Is three coloured, the colours being placed vertically in the following order from the
lance: blue, yellow, red.
GOVERNMENT FORM IN ROMANIA:
z Republic, according to the Constitution adopted in 1991 and modified in 2003;
z Legislative power: a two-chamber Parliament (the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate);
z Executive power: a Government led by a Prime Minister appointed by the country's President;
z The President of the country is elected based on general election results by universal vote for a 5-year
mandate.
NATIONAL CURRENCY: leu, with “ban” as subdivision.
The exchange rate is set on the interbank currency market on a daily basis; the reference currency is the
euro. In 2010, the average exchange rate leu / euro was 4.2099.
9
â
POPULATION
Population by sex, age group and area, on July 1
million inhabitants
2007
2008
2009
2010
Total
21.5
21.5
21.5
21.4
By sex
Male
Female
10.5
11.0
10.5
11.0
10.5
11.0
10.4
11.0
By age group
0-14 years
15-59 years
60 years and over
3.3
14.0
4.2
3.3
14.0
4.2
3.2
14.0
4.3
3.2
13.8
4.4
By area
Urban
Rural
11.9
9.6
11.8
9.7
11.8
9.7
11.8
9.6
On July 1, 2010, Romania’s population amounted to 21431298 inhabitants, of which 10.4 million men
(48.7%) and 11.0 million women (51.3%). The negative values of natural increase, associated with those
of the balance of external migration, led to a reduction of the country’s population, during 2007-2010, of
about 106.3 thousand persons. The population’s structure by age has the specific mark of the
demographic ageing process, mainly due to the decrease in the birth rate, which entailed the absolute
and relative reduction of the young population (0-14 years) and the increase in the share of the elderly
population (60 years and over). As compared to July 1, 2007, a decrease in the young population’s share
(0-14 years) was observed in 2010, from 15.3% to 15.1%, as well as an increase in the elderly population’s
share (60 years and over), from 19.4% to 20.3%.
The adult population (15-59 years) accounts for 64.6% of the total, decreasing by 227.5 thousand persons
as against mid-2007. Within the adult population, the share of the age groups 40-44 years, 30-34 years
and 20-24 years increased, while the one of those aged 15-19 years, 35-39 years and 45-49 years
decreased.
Average age
years
Average age of the population
2007
2008
2009
2010
39.0
39.2
39.5
39.7
The population’s average age increased from 39.0 years (in 2007) to 39.7 years (in 2010), an average age
characterising countries with an “adult” population. The female population, with an average age of 41.1
years, was, on July 1, 2010, 2.9 years older than the male population.
10
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
POPULATION â
Population by age and sex, on July 1, 2010
Age (years)
Male
150
200
250
Thousands persons
100
50
0
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Female
0
50
100
250
200
150
Thousands persons
The pyramid of ages most reliably reflects the generations chronicle, pointing out the disparities in the
population’s structure by age and by sex. The reduction of the young population narrowed once more
the basis of the age pyramid. The demographic and economic effects of this evolution are to be felt over
time and will entail changes at the level of various sub-populations (school age population, fertile age
population, working age population).
Population Census, March 18, 2002
Population by ethnic group
Ethnic group
Number
of persons
Stable
population
21680974
Romanians
19399597
Hungarians
1431807
Romany (gypsies)
535140
Ukrainians
61098
Germans
59764
Other
193568
Population by religion
%
100.0
89.5
6.6
2.5
0.3
0.3
0.8
Religion
Stable
population
Orthodox
Roman-Catholic
Protestant
Pentecostal
Greek Catholic
Other
Number
of persons
%
21680974
18817975
1026429
701077
324462
191556
619475
100.0
86.8
4.7
3.2
1.5
0.9
2.9
11
â
POPULATION
Evolution of natality, mortality and natural increase
2007
2008
2009
2010
Vital statistics (thou)
Live-births
Deaths
- Infant deaths
Natural increase
Marriages
Divorces
214.7
252.0
2.6
-37.3
189.2
36.3
221.9
253.2
2.4
-31.3
149.4
35.7
222.4
257.2
2.3
-34.8
134.3
32.3
212.2
259.7
2.1
-47.5
115.8
32.6
Rates (per 1000 inhabitans)
Live-births
Deaths
- Infant deaths 1)
Natural increase
Marriages
Divorces
10.0
11.7
12.0
-1.7
8.8
1.7
10.3
11.8
11.0
-1.5
6.9
1.7
10.4
12.0
10.1
-1.6
6.3
1.5
9.9
12.1
9.8
-2.2
5.4
1.5
1) Per 1000 live-births.
Birth rate, mortality rate and natural increase
Rates (per 1000 inhabitants)
17
Birth rate
16
Mortality rate
15
Positive natural increase
14
Negative natural increase
13
12
11
10
9
8
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
The birth rate, the first component of vital statistics, recorded a fall, interrupting the previous year trend.
Considering that, in the short and the medium term mortality cannot be expected to bring a significant
contribution to the reduction of the demographic decrease in Romania, the birth rate remains the only
issue that can be addressed efficiently. A revigorated natality may have positive effects in the long run.
In 2010, the number of live-births (212.2 thousand) decrease by 2.5 thousand as compared to 2007, and
the birth rate reached 9.9 live-births per 1000 inhabitants.
12
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
POPULATION â
Mortality, the second component of vital statistics, is still relatively high in Romania. The steady and
significant growth in the level of this component should be taken into account with a view to the
recovery of demographic dynamics in Romania. In 2010, 259.7 thousand deaths were recorded, 7.7
thousand persons more than in 2007, the overall mortality rate reaching 12.1 deaths per 1000 inhabitants
(11.7‰ in 2007).
2.1 thousand deaths under 1 year of age were recorded in 2010, the infant mortality rate being 9.8‰
(lower than the value recorded in 2007). The decrease in infant mortality was mainly due to the reduction
of neonatal infant mortality, both in urban and in rural areas. Nevertheless, the infant mortality rate in
Romania is still one of the highest in Europe.
Classification of counties and localities by number of inhabitants, on July 1st
2007
2008
2009
2010
Counties - total
Under 300000
300000 - 499999
500000 - 699999
700000 and over
42
7
18
10
7
42
6
19
10
7
42
6
19
10
7
42
6
19
10
7
Municipalities
and towns - total
Under 5000
5000 - 19999
20000 - 49999
50000 - 99999
100000 - 199999
200000 - 999999
1000000 and over
320
19
199
56
22
13
10
1
320
21
198
57
20
13
10
1
320
21
199
56
20
13
10
1
320
21
198
57
20
13
10
1
Communes - total
Under 1000
1000 - 1999
2000 - 4999
5000 - 9999
10000 and over
2855
73
573
1758
429
22
2860
75
587
1743
432
23
2860
80
594
1730
430
26
2861
82
598
1724
429
28
In 2010, 11.8 million persons were living in the urban area, accounting for more than half of the country’s
population. On July 1, 2010, of the 320 municipalities and towns, 86.3% had a population under 50
thousand inhabitants, accounting for 18.4% of the country’s population and 33.3% of the urban
population. Big towns hold 29.9% of the country’s population and 54.3% of the urban population. On
July 1, 2010, 9.6 million persons were living in the rural area, accounting for 44.9% of the country’s
population. The communes with 1000 up to 5000 inhabitants represented 81.2% of the total number of
communes.
In 2010, 459.0 thousand persons changed their domicile, and the internal migration rate amounted to
21.4 domicile changes per 1000 inhabitants. As in the previous year, the migration flows from the urban
area (to rural and urban areas) held the highest weights in the structure of migration.
13
â
POPULATION
First ten towns in the country by number of
inhabitants, on July 1, 2010
Current
number
Town 1)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Bucharest
Timiºoara
laºi
Cluj-Napoca
Constanþa
Craiova
Galaþi
Braºov
Ploieºti
Brãila
Number
of inhabitants
1942254
311428
309631
305636
301221
298740
290593
276914
227194
210245
1) Municipality (county residence).
Average life expectancy, by sex (years)
68.2
2005
68.7
2006
69.2
2007
69.5
2008
69.7
2009
69.8
2010
0
20
Male
40
60
75.5
75.8
76.1
76.7
77.1
77.3
80
Female
Average life expectancy continued its upward trend, the current values (69.8 years for men and 77.3 years
for women) being higher than in 2007, both per total and by sex. For the female population as well as for
the male one, average life expectancy increased by 1.2 and 0.6 years, respectively. Women’s average life
expectancy exceeds that of men by 7.5 years.
14
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
POPULATION â
Evolution of marriages and divorces
thou
210
189.2
180
149.4
146.6
150 141.8
134.3
115.8
120
90
60
30
0
33.2
2005
32.7
2006
Marriages
36.3
2007
35.7
2008
32.3
2009
32.6
2010
Divorces
In 2010, against 2007, the number of marriages decreased, reaching 115.8 thousands (5.4‰ ).
In 2010 there were registered 32.6 thousand divorces, with 3.7 thousands less than in 2007. Divorciality
rate was 1.5 divorces per 1000 inhabitants, its level being kept relatively low compared to other
European countries.
Internal migration
2007
2008
2009
2010
Structure of urban and rural internal migration flows determined by a permanent
change in residence (absolute data)
Total
374156
389254
330672
458995
From rural to urban
80235
78671
70246
96201
From urban to urban
95431
107277
96607
140301
From rural to rural
80253
78478
67306
89441
From urban to rural
118237
124828
96513
133052
Total
From rural to urban
From urban to urban
From rural to rural
From urban to rural
Rates (per 1000 inhabitants)
17.4
18.1
6.8
6.7
8.1
9.1
8.3
8.1
12.2
12.9
15.4
6.0
8.2
8.3
10.0
21.4
8.2
11.9
9.3
13.8
15
á
POPULATION
Romanian citizens who established their residence abroad
number of persons
2007
2008
2009
2010
8830
8739
10211
7906
3088
5742
3069
5670
3768
6443
2917
4989
By age group
Under 18 years
18-40 years
41-60 years
61 years and over
1003
6041
1442
344
1214
5829
1419
277
1316
6621
1915
359
1062
5029
1562
253
By nationality
Romanians
Hungarians
Germans
Jews
Other nationalities
8589
167
12
21
41
8485
194
18
27
15
10052
103
15
27
14
7834
42
8
8
14
By country of destination
Australia
Austria
Canada
France
Germany
Greece
Israel
Italy
Spain
United States of America
Sweden
Hungary
Other countries
83
313
1787
372
1902
72
57
1401
138
1535
2
266
902
82
345
1738
431
1788
85
50
1098
238
1591
7
354
932
128
421
2045
576
1938
124
111
984
547
1793
15
331
1198
81
569
858
405
1399
133
62
844
882
1086
17
14
1556
Total
By sex
Male
Female
16
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
LABOUR MARKET â
In the context of economic transition, the Romanian labour market experienced significant changes in
terms of the volume and structure of the main labour force indicators. This process was characterised by
the reduction of the economically active population and of employment, with a relatively steady level of
the unemployment rate. But the financial crisis, starting debut, especially in the second half of 2008, had
an effect on the structure of the labour force, while reducing employment, bringing an increase of the
phenomenon of unemployment.
If in the second half of the ’90s, the economically active population was kept at a high level, i.e. over 11 million
persons, the new millennium began with a significant decrease in the indicator. Since 2002 economically
active population fluctuated at around 10 million. In 2010, the economically active population amounted
to 9965 thousand persons, of which 95.8% belonged to the working age group (15-64 years).
Economically active population, employment
and ILO1) unemployed
thou persons
2007
2008
2009
2010 2)
Economically active
population - total
- Female
- Urban
9994
4479
5494
9944
4418
5471
9924
4400
5475
9965
4416
5538
Employment - total
- Female
- Urban
9353
4237
5072
9369
4212
5101
9243
4143
5032
9240
4128
5032
641
242
422
575
206
370
681
257
443
725
288
506
ILO1)unemployed - total
- Female
- Urban
1) According to the International Labour Office (ILO) methodology.
2) Provisional data.
Source: Household Labour Force Survey (HLFS).
After a continuous rise recorded during the period 2005-2008, in 2009 employment began to decrease,
in 2010 reached its lowest value in the last 5 years (9240 thousand persons). Of the employed persons,
55.3% are men. Until 2002, most of the employed population lived in the rural area. Beginning with 2003,
the largest share of employment (54.5% in 2010) resides in the urban area. Within the employed
population, employees prevail (65.6% in 2010).
The number of unemployed, defined according to ILO criteria, reached 725 thousand persons in 2010, an
increase as compared to 2009 (6.5%) and 2008 (26.0%). In 2010, of the total number of unemployed,
28.1% were young people (15-24 years).
17
â
LABOUR MARKET
Employment structure, by employment status, in 2010 1)
12.7%
Employee
Employer
20.4%
Self-employed2)
1.3%
Contributing family
worker
65.6%
2) Including the members of agricultural holdings or of non-agricultural co-operatives.
Employment, by main activity of national economy
thou persons
Activity (CANE Rev. 2 sections)
2008
2009
20101)
Total
Agriculture, forestry and fishing
Industry
Mining and quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning
production and supply
Water supply; sewerage, waste management
and decontamination activities
Construction
Wholesale and retail; repair of motor vehicles
and motorcycles
Transport and storage
Hotels and restaurants
Information and communication
Financial intermediation and insurance
Real estate activities
Professional, scientific and technical activities
Activities of administrative services and
of support services
Public administration and defence; social
insurance of public sector
Education
Health and social assistance
Shows, culture and recreation activities
Other service activities
9369
2689
2212
107
1905
9243
2689
2048
100
1751
9240
2780
1945
96
1647
126
129
126
74
749
68
726
76
705
1166
454
154
119
110
15
140
1157
455
165
123
122
16
148
1134
444
180
126
132
19
159
145
150
154
466
399
381
48
122
490
386
395
45
128
471
385
403
50
153
In 2010, as compared to 2009, the breakdown of employment by activity of national economy shows a
reduction of the number of people employed in industry and construction (-4.5%) and a slight increase
in those employed in services (0.8%).
18
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
LABOUR MARKET â
Structure of employment in the private sector, by main activity
of national economy
CANE Rev.2
%
8,5
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
8,5
Services
29.4
30.5
31.2
9.4
9.3
9.0
Industry 2)
25.8
24.4
23.0
35.4
35.8
36.8
8,52008
9,4
2009
2010 1)
Construction
Note: The private sector includes "private", "co-operative" and "community" ownership types.
2) Including electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning production and supply and water supply, sewerage,
waste management and decontamination activities.
The share of employment in the private sector remains during the last three years of the period analyzed
(2008 - 2010) around 80%.
In 2010, of the total population employed in the private sector, 63.2% worked in industry, construction
and services, as compared to 64.2% in 2009.
The direct effect of economic crisis started in the second half of 2008, the average number of employees in
20091) was 4774 thousand persons, by 272 thousand persons less against previous year (if it was not
achieved data re-estimation during 2009, fall of average number of employees would be about 320 thou
persons against 2008). The most accentuated falls were registered in manufacturing, construction and trade.
The breakdown of employees by economic sector in 2009 shows that 60.5% worked in services (tertiary
sector), an increase of 3.5 percentage points as compared to 2008 and 5.1 percentage points as compared
to 2007.
37.2% of the total employees worked in the secondary sector (industry + construction), 3.7 percentage
points less than in 2008 and 4.9 percentage points less than in 2007.
The share of the number of employees involved in agriculture (primary sector) was only 2.3%, a increase
of 0.2 percentage points as compared to the previous year and a decrease of 0.2 percentage points as
compared to 2007.
1) During 2009, the number of employees was re-estimated based on the reconciliation of information from administrative
data sources with estimations obtained following exhaustive survey of “budgetary sector” (public administration –
including total local councils belonging to local public administration, education, health and social assistance)
for reference month October 2009. Consequently, annual estimations of “budgetary sector” for 2009 are not totally
comparable with those of previous years, coverage for 2009 being wider (over 50 thou employees) .
19
â
LABOUR MARKET
Average number of employees,
by main activity of national economy
20071)
2008
2009
Total
Industry
Manufacturing
Construction
and motorcycles
of support services
insurance of public sector 2)
Education
4885
123
1649
84
1381
5046
105
1606
81
1342
4774
110
1371
75
1118
89
84
78
95
407
99
458
100
404
795
284
107
109
97
28
118
849
285
118
121
108
31
133
816
282
118
114
107
29
134
167
195
192
197
394
336
35
39
213
394
350
40
40
225
394
378
56
44
Note: For 2010, data will be available at the end of September 2011.
1) Data estimated according to CANE Rev.2.
2) Excluding armed forces and similar staff (Ministry of National Defence, Ministry of Administration and Interior,
Romanian Intelligence Service, etc.).
Source: Labour Cost Survey.
20
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
LABOUR MARKET â
As in any market economy, the highest share of employees is involved in the private sector.
In 2009, the share of employees in the overall private sector was 64.6%, a slight decrease of 1.6
percentage points as compared to 2008.
Average number of employees in the overall private sector, by
main activity of national economy
CANE Rev.2
thou persons
1577
1600
1400
1572
1276
1200
1077
1000
800
600
412
400
200
0
74
362
74
2008
2009
Industry1)
Construction
Services
Note: For 2010, data will be available in September 2011.
1) Including electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning production and supply and water supply, sewerage,
waste management and decontamination activities.
21
â
LABOUR MARKET
Registered unemployed1), by educational level
thou persons
2007
2008
2009
2010
368
167
290
121
62
36
16
10
403
187
312
132
71
42
20
13
709
302
503
190
156
83
50
29
627
264
442
164
135
71
50
29
2)
Total unemployed
of which: women
Primary, secondary, vocational
of which: women
High school and post high school
of which: women
University
of which: women
1) At the end of the year.
2) Source: National Agency for Employment..
The number of employees registered at National Agency for Employment decreased till July 2007 (343
thousand persons) then registered an oscillating evolution till the end of the year.
After a growth of 4.4% in January 2008 as against December 2007, the number of registered unemployed
continued to fall in the next period, reaching a minimum point (337 thousand persons) in June 2008,
when unemployment rate registered 3.7%.
Since July of 2008 crisis year, the number of registered unemployed increased to a maximum point (765
thousand persons) in March 2010; in the following months, the indicator registered a continuous fall, so
that at the end of the year, in evidences of employment agencies there were registered 627 thousand
unemployed, by 11.6% less against the end of 2009.
Number of registered unemployed and unemployment rate
thou persons
%
1000
10
7.8
800
6.9
600
400
200
5.9
5.2
523
4.4
3.9
368
460
191
6.2
4.4
4.0
4.6
219
0
7.1
5.2
403
167
709
187
627
302
8
Number of registered
unemployed - total
6
Number of registered
unemployed - women
4
Unemployment
rate - total1)
2
Unemployment
rate - women1)
264
0
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
1) For 2010, provisional data.
Men accounted for the majority among registered unemployed (57.9% at end of 2010, respectively 54.6%
at end of 2007).
After registering a growth since 2008, the number of unemployed women started to fall, at end of 2010
being 38 thousand persons less against previous year.
22
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
LABOUR MARKET â
ILO 1) unemployment rate, by age group, sex and area (%)
Total
Under 25 years
25 years and over
Male
Under 25 years
25 years and over
Female
Under 25 years
25 years and over
Urban
Under 25 years
25 years and over
Rural
Under 25 years
25 years and over
2007
2008
2009
20102)
6.4
20.1
4.9
7.2
21.1
5.6
5.4
18.7
4.1
7.7
24.7
6.2
4.9
16.3
3.4
5.8
18.6
4.4
6.7
18.8
5.3
4.7
18.3
3.4
6.8
23.2
5.3
4.6
14.7
3.3
6.9
20.8
5.4
7.7
21.2
6.1
5.8
20.1
4.5
8.1
27.1
6.5
5.4
15.5
4.0
7.3
22.1
5.8
7.9
22.3
6.3
6.5
21.8
5.1
9.1
30.5
7.4
5.0
15.3
3.6
ILO unemployment rate (ratio of ILO unemployed in economically active population) registered at
national level 7.3% in 2010 – more than previous years (by 0.9 percentage points against 2007 and 1.5
percentage points against 2008, when there were registered, in fact, the lowest unemployment rates in
the last four year analyzed) and by 0.4 percentage points against 2009.
An unemployment rate of 6.5% was recorded for women, a lower rate than that recorded for men, which
was 7.9%, both increasing as compared to previous years.
The unemployment rate in the urban area is significantly higher than that recorded in the rural area (in
2010: 9.1% as compared to 5.0%).
Young persons aged 15-24 yeas are the most affected by unemployment. Thus, in 2010, the
unemployment rate was 22.1% among the youth (15-24 years), with sharp discrepancies between areas
(30.5% in the urban area as against 15.3% in the rural area).
This indicator amounted to 5.8% for the unemployed persons aged 25 years and over.
Long-term ILO 1) unemployment rate, by sex and area (%)
Total (12 months and over)
male
female
urban
rural
Young people (6 months and over)
male
female
urban
rural
2007
2008
2009
20102)
3.2
3.6
2.7
3.9
2.4
13.3
13.5
13.0
15.9
11.1
2.4
2.9
1.8
2.9
1.7
10.5
10.5
10.5
12.7
8.6
2.1
2.4
1.7
2.6
1.5
10.3
10.9
9.3
13.5
7.6
2.5
2.9
2.1
3.2
1.7
13.0
13.8
11.8
17.8
9.1
Long term unemployment rate (weight of ILO unemployed for 12 months and over and economically
active population) was 2.5% in 2010 sensitively lower than 2007 (3.2%) but higher against the last two
years (2.4%, respectively 2.1% in 2008 and 2009). By sex, this indicator registered in 2010 2.9% for men
and 2.1% for women and by area 3.2% for urban area against 1.7% for rural area.
23
â
LABOUR MARKET
Long-term unemployment (%)
- as percentage of total ILO1) unemployed 2007
2008
2009
20102)
Total (12 months and over)
male
female
urban
rural
50.0
49.9
50.1
50.3
49.4
41.3
42.9
38.4
43.4
37.5
30.9
31.6
29.8
32.2
28.7
34.9
36.9
32.0
35.2
34.2
Young people (6 months and over)
male
female
urban
rural
66.1
64.2
69.5
64.3
68.5
56.3
55.6
57.4
54.6
58.6
49.5
51.6
46.3
49.8
49.0
58.8
62.0
54.1
58.4
59.6
In terms of incidence (weight of long term unemployed in total unemployed) long term unemployment
which has a downward trend in the last years (from 50.0% in 2007 to 30.9% in 2009) registered an
accentuation, reaching 39.4% in 2010, with slight disparities both by gender and by residence area.
Activity rate and employment rate, by sex and area (%)
2007
2008
2009
20101)
Activity rate
Total
Male
Female
Urban
Rural
63.0
70.1
56.0
61.6
65.1
62.9
70.6
55.2
61.7
64.5
63.1
70.9
55.4
62.1
64.6
63.6
71.5
55.8
63.1
64.4
Employment rate
Total
Male
Female
Urban
Rural
58.8
64.8
52.8
56.8
61.5
59.0
65.7
52.5
57.5
61.2
58.6
65.2
52.0
57.1
60.7
58.8
65.7
52.0
57.3
60.9
Note: Data calculated as percentage of the working age population (15-64 years).
The activity rate of the working age population (15-64 years) was 63.6% in 2010 and had higher values for
the male population (71.5% as against 55.8% for the female population) and for the rural population
(64.4% as against 63.1% in the urban area).
The employment rate of population 20-64 was 63.3% in 2010 (decreasing against previous year 63.5%),
6.7 percentage points less than the 70% target set for 2020 through “The Draft Europe 2020”.
Rate of vacancies is one of indicators for demand of labour force on the labour market. As a continuation
of world economic crisis effect, annual average rate of vacancies registered in 2010 the highest value
since 2005 and till now (0.59% less by 0.29 percentage points against previous year, respectively 1.47
percentage points against 2007, year when rate of vacancies registered the highest value).
24
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
LABOUR MARKET á
Rate of vacancies, by activity of national economy (%)
2008
2009
2010
Total
Industry - total
Manufacturing
Construction
and motorcycles
of support services
Education
1.94
1.78
1.57
0.28
1.78
0.88
1.42
0.64
0.06
0.72
0.59
0.85
0.67
0.05
0.77
0.41
0.27
0.14
0.97
1.45
0.44
0.60
0.54
0.53
0.60
0.64
0.71
0.59
2.52
0.60
2.02
0.22
0.43
0.40
0.54
0.97
0.20
0.95
0.24
0.47
0.12
0.76
0.84
0.16
0.62
1.33
0.73
0.59
5.97
1.43
6.28
2.25
0.99
2.14
0.56
3.42
0.94
0.54
1.17
0.17
1.10
0.88
0.29
Romanian Intelligence Service etc.).
Source: Job vacancy survey.
Rate of vacancies, by major occupational groups (%)
Total 1)
Members of legislative bodies,
senior clerks and leaders
Specialists with intellectual and
scientific occupations
Technicians, foremen and assimilated
Civil servants
Operative workers in services, trade
and assimilated
Farmers and skilled workers in agriculture,
forestry and fishery
Artisans and handicraftmen in machinery and
installations maintenance and adjustment
Operators for installations, machinery
and equipment assemblers
Unskilled workers
2007
2008
2009
2010
2.06
1.94
0.88
0.59
1.28
1.17
0.56
0.33
3.21
2.08
1.82
3.17
2.13
1.68
1.40
1.04
0.69
0.75
0.51
0.52
1.64
1.57
0.89
0.52
1.71
1.72
1.00
0.39
1.81
1.64
0.62
0.41
2.02
2.05
1.64
1.94
0.72
0.77
0.88
0.64
Romanian Intelligence Service etc.).
Source: Job vacancy survey.
25
á
POPULATION INCOME
Total income of households
2007
2008
2009
20101)
- lei , monthly per household Total income
1686.7
Money income
Equivalent value of income
in kind obtained by employees
and receivers of social provisions
Equivalent value of consumption of
agricultural products from own resources
2131.7
2316.0
2304.3
81.1
- procente 83.1
83.7
83.9
3.1
3.1
2.6
1.9
15.8
13.8
13.7
14.2
During 2007-2010, the structure of the total income of households shows a high share of money income,
which increased from 81.1% in 2007 to 83.9% in 2010. During the same period, the income in kind had a
downward trend, reaching 16.1% in 2010, mainly due to the equivalent value of consumption of
agro-food products from own resources (a decrease of 1.6 percentage points as compared to 2007).
Structure of money income, in 20101)
- total households Gross salaries and other
salary rights
4.0%
30.6%
Income from agriculture
Income from non-agricultural
independent activities
Income from social
provisions
3.3%
Other income
3.3%
58.8%
In 2010, salaries and other similar income represented the most important income category, with the
highest weight in households money income (58.8%), decreasing, however, by 2.1 percentage points as
compared to 2009. A major share in households money income is that of social benefits (30.6%, an
increase of 1.7 percentage points as compared to 2009). On the contrary, the agricultural income, the
income from independent activities and the property income have a low share in households money
income.
26
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
EARNINGS â
Generally, under equal working conditions, salaries are the same for men and women. The disparities
between the salaries received by women and those received by men in various economic activities are
caused by the level of skills and the hierarchical position. The ratio of men to women in terms of salaries
recorded fluctuations mainly determined by the efficiency of economic activities in various branches and
by the share of women in leadership positions or with higher education. The gap between the gross
average salary of women and the gross average salary of men narrowed from 24% in 1996 to 17.6% in
2003 and 8.4% in 2009. In 2010, the gap between gross average earning for women and for men
registered a growth against previous year of 4.2 percentage points, reaching 12.6%.
Monthly average net nominal earnings,
by activity of national economy
lei / emplooyee
20071)
2008
2009
20102)
Total
Industry
Manufacturing
Construction
and motorcycles
of support services
Education
Other activities of national economy
1042
743
971
1804
871
1309
914
1189
2287
1050
1361
1007
1300
2360
1146
1407
1047
1404
2455
1251
1786
2389
2573
2597
925
881
1154
1162
1241
1069
1258
1156
822
1141
651
1837
2614
1185
1412
1042
1454
773
2119
3205
1270
1749
1047
1518
799
2468
3109
1193
1870
1168
1534
800
2817
3344
1323
2084
656
835
873
923
1999
1175
938
922
603
2411
1538
1266
1195
780
2159
1596
1342
1249
818
1853
1364
1205
1111
848
1) Data estimated according to CANE Rev.2.
2) Provisional data, excluding the earnings of employees in the units having under 4 employees.
3) Excluding armed forces and similar staff (Ministry of National Defence, Romanian Intelligence Service,
Ministry of Administration and Interior etc.).
The real gross earnings experienced severe falls during the first transition years (1991-1999) as well as in
1997 and 1999, the minimum values of 56.2% and 57.0%, respectively, of the level of 1990. Starting with
2003, we see a change for the better in the real value of gross earnings, with a 2008 level exceeding the
1991 level by 48.8 percentage points (130.3%).
In 2009, real earnings index compared to 1990 was 128.3%, by 2.0 percentage points less than in 2008.
The decreasing trend also continued in 2010, being 125.0% (provisional data, there were excluded from
the coverage, the economic units with under 4 employees).
27
á
EARNINGS
Indices of real earnings
1990 = 100
%
140
130.3 125.0
130
128.3
111.8
120
110
100
89.5
90 81.5
97.4
80
70.8
66.5
58.9
70
78.3
56.2 57.0 62.4
60 70.8
72.7
63.9
50
59.1
58.4 59.4
2009
2010
2007
2008
2005
2006
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
~
1991
0
Note: For 2010, provisional data.
Monthly average gross and net nominal
earnings, by sex
lei / employee
2000
1814
1700
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
1037
891
796
1222
1062
922
689
1468
1312
1906
1775
1405
1310
1348
1264
1095
981
803
600
400
200
0
GROSS NET GROSS NET GROSS NET GROSS NET GROSS NET
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
male
female
Average gross salary of women in comparison with that
of men in October
percentage
Total economy
28
2007
2008
2009
2010
88.9
92.2
91.6
87.4
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
POPULATION EXPENDITURE á
Total household consumption expenditure
2007
2008
2009
20101)
- lei , monthly per household Total consumption expediture
Agro-food products and
non-alcoholic drinks
Beverages, tobacco
Clothing and footwear
Housing, water, electricity, gas
and other fuels
Furniture, dwelling endowment
and maintenance
Health
Transport
Communications
Leisure and culture
Education
Hotels, cafees and restaurants
Miscellaneous products and servicies
1104.70
1365.36
1468.60
- percentage -
1486.43
41.7
6.5
6.8
40.9
6.5
6.7
40.9
7.1
6.0
41.0
7.7
5.4
15.5
15.6
15.8
16.6
4.6
3.9
5.9
5.1
4.6
0.8
1.2
3.4
4.8
4.1
6.1
5.0
4.5
0.8
1.4
3.6
4.6
4.5
5.8
5.1
4.4
0.9
1.3
3.6
4.0
4.5
6.0
5.0
4.0
0.7
1.3
3.8
During the period 2007-2010, agro-food products and non-alcoholic drinks had the highest share in total
consumption expenditure (41.0%), decreasing, however, by 0.7 percentage points as compared to 2007.
The downward trend can also be seen in the expenditure for the endowment and maintenance of
dwellings (from 61.8% in 2007 to 61.6% in 2010).
In 2010, for overall households, the expenditure for food consumption had a share of 35.5% in total
consumption expenditure. On average, per total households, the weight of the expenditure for non-food
goods was 35.4%, while the expenditure for services had a weight of 29.1%.
Structure of money expenditure for consumption, in 20101)
- total households -
29.1%
35.5%
Food products
Non-food products
Payment of services
35.4%
29
á
POPULATION CONSUMPTION
Monthly average consumption1) for the main
food products and beverages
Fresh meat
Meat products
Fats
Milk
Eggs
Sugar
Potatoes
Vegetables and canned vegetables
(equivalent fresh vegetables)
Fruit
Mineral water and other
non-alcoholic drinks
Beer
Wine
Plum brandy and natural brandies
M.U.
2007
2008
2009
20102)
kg
kg
kg
litres
pcs.
kg
kg
2.905
1.050
1.247
6.067
13
0.775
3.639
3.070
1.111
1.238
6.151
13
0.759
3.614
3.115
1.106
1.228
6.168
13
0.758
3.586
3.103
1.068
1.219
6.186
13
0.754
3.488
kg
kg
7.036
3.082
7.305
3.312
7.627
3.552
7.382
3.557
litres
litres
litres
litres
4.259
1.081
0.905
0.213
4.833
1.201
0.933
0.224
4.821
1.165
0.969
0.230
4.859
1.112
0.942
0.218
1) Monthly average quantities per person (in individual households). 2) Provisional data.
In Romania, the consumption of meat and meat products is placed at a relatively low level as compared
to developed countries standards. The monthly average consumption of fresh meat per capita amounted
to 3.1 kg in 2010. Together with meat products, it amounts to 4.2 kg monthly, which means a yearly
average consumption of 50 kg per capita. In 2010, the consumption of alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks
had a monthly average per capita of 4.9 litres for mineral water and other non-alcoholic drinks, 1.1 litres
for beer, 0.9 litres for wine, 0.2 litres for plum brandy and natural brandies. As compared to 2007, these
levels were higher: for mineral water and other non-alcoholic drinks by 14.1%, for beer by 2.9%, for wine
and for plum brandy and natural brandies by 4.1% and 2.3%, respectively.
Households endowment with durable goods
pieces / 100 households
Audio sets
Tv sets - total
Refrigerators and freezers
Refrigerating box
Gas cooking stoves
Electric washing machines
Vacuum cleaners
Sewing machines
Bicycles
Motorcycles and motor bicycles
Cars
2007
2008
2009
20101)
86.1
124.1
86.0
30.8
93.1
67.1
55.1
20.3
23.3
0.7
23.1
86.1
132.0
83.1
36.8
94.1
70.8
58.7
20.3
24.7
0.9
27.1
85.2
134.2
82.7
38.6
95.0
73.9
61.7
21.1
26.5
1.0
28.6
82.7
138.4
80.0
41.1
95.3
75.3
63.8
20.6
27.5
1.1
28.6
During the period 2007-2010, households endowment with durable goods increased for most products.
From 2007 to 2010, households endowment with refrigerators and freezers decreased by 7.0% due to an
increase in households endowment with refrigerating box (an increase of 33.4%). Also, households
endowment with TV sets rose by 11.5%, and the endowment with vacuum cleaners and electric washing
machines was up 15.8% and 12.2%, respectively.
Households endowment with durable goods is influenced both by the financial resources of households
and by the goods accumulated in the previous years, as well as by the range of goods on the market,
goods that are increasingly high tech.
30
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
DWELLINGS á
Evolution of the dweling stock
2007
2008
2009
20101)
Dwelling stock (thou)
private majority ownership (thou)
8270
8079
8329
8138
8385
8192
8428
8233
Rooms (thou)
private majority ownership (thou)
21428
21082
21638
21294
21841
21494
22011
21661
317834
312309
322205
316685
326413
320786
329997
324306
47299
43000
67255
61171
62520
56764
48526
45642
Living floor (thou m 2)
private majority ownership (thou m2)
Finished dwellings - total
- from private funds
Dwelling fund kept the upward trend in the last years, registering 8428 thousand dwellings at the end of
2010. By ownership type, the highest weight of dwelling fund existent at the end of 2010, is represented
by dwellings under private majority ownership (97.7%).
Finished dwellings, by area
thou
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
67.3
47.3
34.7
39.6
32.9
62.5
48.5
31.1
Total finished
dwellings
Rural
23.5
26.1
20.8
2
Urban
17.4
15.5
18.8
23.8
32.6
31.4
22.4
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
In 2010, 48.5 thousand dwellings were finished, 14.0 thousand less than the previous year.
By residence area, the weight of the dwellings ready to be used was higher in the rural area (53.7%) as
against urban area (46.3%).
31
á
UNEMPLOYED SOCIAL PROTECTION
Unemployment indemnities1)
2008
2009
2010
Monthly average (lei/person)
321
401
2007
469
470
291
268
Unemployment indemnity
Unemployment indemnity for
the graduates of educational institutions
180
238
În procente faþã de salariul minim brut pe economie
Unemployment indemnity
Unemployment indemnity for
the graduates of educational institutions
82.3
78.6
78.2
78.3
46.2
46.7
48.5
44.7
1) According to the Law no. 76/2002 regarding the unemployment insurance system and employment stimulation.
In 2010, the monthly average unemployment indemnity amounted to 470 lei, 46.4% more than in 2007,
and accounted for 78.3% of the gross minimum salary per economy.
In 2010, the unemployment indemnity for the graduates of educational institutions (268 lei) represented
44.7% as compared to the gross minimum salary (46.2% in 2007).
In 2010, within the total expenditure for the social protection of the unemployed, the highest weight was
held by the unemployment indemnity (63.7%).
Structure of the expenditure for unemployed social protection, in 2010
34.8%
63.7%
Unemployment
indemnities1)
Graduates remuneration
Compensations granted
0.6%
Other expenditure2)
0.9%
1) According to the Law no. 76/2002 regarding the unemployment insurance system and employment stimulation.
2) Including incentives for the unemployed who are employed before the period in which this indemnity is grated
expires, for stimulating labour force mobility, for stimulating the employers who hire people from the
underprivileged categories that are unemployed, for the qualification and requalification of the unemployed,
for stimulating graduates, social marginalisation for combating.
Source: National Agency for Employment.
32
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
SOCIAL INSURANCE â
M.U.
2009
2010
Yearly average number
Monthly average pension
Social insurance pensioners1) - total
thou pers.
5726
5685
lei / pers.
389
573
5676
686
5664
717
State social insurance pensioners
mii pers.
4643
4664
lei / pers.
399
593
4718
711
4767
739
Social insurance pensioners - farmers
mii pers.
932
866
lei / pers.
159
253
799
300
737
309
4877
750
4927
778
2
188
2
192
Pensioners who are war invalids, orphans, and widows
mii pers.
16
14
11
lei / pers.
236
245
245
9
244
2007
2008
Social insurance pensioners (except farmers)
mii pers.
4794
4819
lei / pers.
434
631
Pensioners receiving social security benefits 2)
mii pers.
3
2
lei / pers.
111
161
1) Comprise state social insurance pensioners, pensioners from the Ministry of National Defence,
the Ministry of Administration and Interior, the Romanian Intelligence Service, the State Secretariate for
Cults and the Lawyers Insurance Office.
2) Support allowance of pension-type , paid from the social insurance fund.
In 2010, the average number of social insurance pensioners was 5664 thousand persons, decreasing by
62 thousand persons as compared to 2007. On the contrary, the number of state social insurance
pensioners experienced a slight increase of 2.7% as compared to 2007.
In 2010, the monthly average pension of social insurance pensioners amounted to 717 lei, 1.8 higher than
in 2007.
In 2010, the monthly average pension for state social insurance pensioners amounted to 739 lei,
increasing by 85.2% as compared to 2007.
33
á
SOCIAL INSURANCE
Real average pension indices
1990=100
%
125.7
130
120
112.1
110
122.6
100
90
2009
49.2
2010
~
57.7
48.2
62.3
44.0
51.6
50.3 47.2
46.6
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
0
1991
40
83.6
2007
2008
60
50
68.1
2004
2005
2006
56.3 61.4
63.1
63.1
55.0
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
80 74.3
70
Tickets for balneary treatment and rest
granted by means of social insurance
Tickets - total
Balneary treatment
Rest
Expenditure for treatment
and rest 1)
M.U.
2007
2008
2009
thou
thou
thou
313.8
261.8
52.0
325.4
250.8
74.6
286.4
214.9
71.5
lei thou
314729.0
315977.1
345232.3
1) Including expenses incurred for the balneary treatment of farmers, according to Government
Emergency Ordinance No. 31/1998.
Source: Ministry of Labour, Family and Social Protection.
34
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
SOCIAL ASSISTANCE á
Allowances and other benefits granted to the population
lei thou
From the state budget
State allowances for children
Complementary family allowance
Support allowance for mono-parental
family
Indemnity for child raising
Incentive for child raising
Health insurance contributions
coresponding to the indemnity
for child raising
Allowance for new born children
Outfits for new born children
Financial aids for family set up
Allowances for family placement
Emergency benefits
Financial benefits
Benefits for refugees
From the local budgets
Social support
Aid for partial covering of funeral expenses
Emergency benefits
2007
4322980.6
2082807.8
297426.8
2008
4721902.6
2586442.2
288685.5
2009
5542953.1
2894505.6
405027.8
155733.3
1436236.3
23877.4
145442.8
1320183.4
22211.1
180735.4
1737806.5
18716.4
104262.8
37877.9
21359.1
87812.2
61790.2
7004.3
6629.1
163.4
131432.1
39886.5
29709.2
76656.2
58596.5
12786.8
9494.8
375.5
94034.1
44448.7
30311.0
78231.9
57501.3
1304.0
330.4
422119.8
396615.9
1561.7
23942.2
393058.2
366540.4
2069.0
24448.8
433181.0
414584.3
2125.9
16470.8
Note: For 2010. data will be available in September 2011.
Allowances and other benefits granted to the population showed an upward trend during 2007-2009; the
main financing source was the state budget.
In 2009, the expenditure for allowances granted from the state budget accounted for 59.9% of the total
expenditure incurred from the state budget and the local budgets.
In 2009 as compared to 2007, state allowances for children increased by 1.4, and the emergency
allowances granted from the state budget and the local budgets increased by 46.8%.
The local budget continued to be the financing source for social support, with a weight of 95.7% in the
total social protection expenditure from local budgets in 2009.
Social assistance canteens1)
Number of units and sections
Number of places
2007
2008
2009
121
30722
125
29805
125
25927
Note: For 2010, data will be available in October 2011.
1) Financed from the local budget.
35
â
HEALTH
Main sanitary units
number of units
Hospitals
Integrated ambulatories of the hospitals
and specialized ambulatories
Polyclinics
Dispensaries
Health care centers 2)
Tuberculosis sanatoria
Balneary sanatoria 3)
Preventoria
Health and social care units
Diagnosis and curative centers
Health specialised centers
Family doctors offices
Health specialised offices
Dentist offices - total
Other health care offices
Pharmacies and pharmaceutical points
Medical laboratories
Dentist laboratories
Crèches
20101)
2007
2008
2009
447
458
474
506
403
263
208
46
5
9
4
66
27
133
11048
8370
11008
2273
6906
2296
2158
272
444
269
213
47
5
8
4
66
30
158
11279
9038
11499
2391
7215
2555
2130
280
461
268
211
47
5
9
4
68
28
171
11390
9998
12140
2450
7586
2828
2226
287
478
308
208
43
5
10
4
71
26
187
11465
8974
12481
3002
7261
2921
2208
288
2) Including health care centers with hospital beds
3) Including the neurosis or neuropsychiatry sanatoria.
The health care services within the sanitary system were granted by a network of sanitary units (hospitals,
polyclinics, dispensaries and other institutions) belonging to the public and private sector. In 2010, this
network comprised 506 hospitals, 59 more than in 2007. The development of the private sector led to an
increase in the number of pharmacies and pharmaceutical points; thus, in 2010, their number amounted
to 7261 units, 355 more than in 2007.
Beds in sanitary units
number of beds
2007
Beds in hospitals - total
138025
Beds in preventoria 2)
420
Beds in health and social care units 2)
2823
Beds in tuberculosis sanatoria 2)
909
Beds in crèches
131352)
2008
2009
138184
420
2726
918
13729
138915
390
2818
908
14161
20101)
131822
370
3075
835
14668
2) The public sector only.
36
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
HEALTH á
Number of medical-sanitary staff
persons
20101)
2007
2008
2009
Physicians2)
Population per physician
Physicians per 10000 inhabitants
48199
447
22.4
50267
428
23.4
50386
426
23.5
51930
413
24.2
Dentists
Population per dentist
Dentists per 10000 inhabitants
11651
1849
5.4
11901
1807
5.5
12497
1718
5.8
13000
1649
6.1
Pharmaceutical chemists
Population per pharmaceutical
chemist
Pharmaceutical chemists per
10000 inhabitants
11108
11704
11996
13491
1939
1837
1790
1589
5.2
5.4
5.6
6.3
136353
132464
129673
126169
158
162
166
170
63.3
2.8
61.6
2.6
60.4
2.6
58.9
2.4
Ancillary medical staff
Population per ancillary medical
person
Ancillary medical staff per
10000 inhabitants
Ancillary medical staff per physician
2) Dentists excluded.
In 2010, 204.6 thousand persons worked within the sanitary system as against 207.3 thousand in 2007.
In 2010, for every physician (excluding dentists) there were 413 inhabitants (447 inhabitants in 2007). For
every dentist there were 1649 inhabitants, 200 inhabitants less than in 2007, and for every
pharmaceutical chemist there were 1589 inhabitants, 350 less than in 2007.
In 2010, per 1000 inhabitants there were: 24.2 physicians, 6.1 dentists, 6.3 pharmaceutical chemists and
58.9 ancillary medical staff.
37
â
EDUCATION
Education by level of education
2007/
2008
Total
2008/
2009
Number of educational units
8230
8221
2009/
2010
2010/
2011
8244
7588
Enrolled population by level of education (thousands)
Total
4405
4325
4177
Level of education:
Pre-school
650
653
666
- private sector
11
12
12
Primary and secondary
1790
1752
1720
- private sector
5
4
4
High school
792
785
838
- private sector
19
26
30
Vocational and apprenticeship
220
189
115
- private sector
3
2
2
Post high school and foremen
46
55
63
- private sector
21
23
28
Tertiary
907
891
775
- private sector
381
411
322
Total
By sex
Male
Female
Pre-school
Pupils
Students
Pupils
Students
Enrolment rate for school age population (%)
79.7
79.6
4029
674
12
1691
5
867
30
54
1
70
32
673
240
78.7
77.6
76.8
80.7
76.0
79.3
Number of pre-school children, pupils and students
per teaching staff
17
17
17
14
14
14
28
28
25
18
14
23
Number of pupils and students per 10000 inhabitants
1322
1293
1274
421
414
361
1252
314
77.2
82.3
77.4
82.0
The process of restructuring the national educational system and the new legal regulations related to
education led to the reorganisation of the network of educational units in Romania. The number of
educational institutions decreased by 642 (namely 7.8%) as a consequence of the reforms implemented
in the national educational system during 2007-2010.
The new configuration of the educational network was correlated with the size of the school population
and with the conditions offered by the existing equipment, with a view to ensuring a quality educational
process. The school population decreased, being smaller by 8.5% in the school/academic year 2010/2011
than in the school/academic year 2007/2008. It is worth mentioning that tertiary education is
continuously expanding, though it recorded fluctuations during this period, particularly due to the
private sector.
For educational levels overall, the enrolment rate of the school age population had different values
depending on the sex (76.0% for boys and 79.3% for girls, in the school/academic year 2010/2011).
38
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
EDUCATION á
Students in higher education institutes,
by specialisation groups, in the 2010 / 2011 academic year
1.4%
Specialisation groups:
23.8%
27.1%
Technical
Medicine and pharmacy
8.1%
Economics
Juridical
University - Pedagogy
14.3%
Artistic
25.3%
The breakdown of the students enrolled in tertiary education in the academic year 2010/2011 by
specialisation groups reflects the option of most Romanian students to university - pedagogy (27.1%),
study economics (25.3%) and technical sciences (23.8%). The situation in the private sector tertiary
education is completely different, the highest weight being recorded for the students who study
economics (37.1%).
2007/
2008/
2009/
2008
2009
2010
Number of graduates by level of education (thou persons)
Secondary education
207.8
204.0
199.0
High school education
218.2
202.1
204.9
Vocational and
apprenticeship education
113.1
100.9
89.8
Post high school and
foremen education
13.0
17.6
19.2
Tertiary education
232.9
214.8
191.3
Total
Pre-school
Primary and secondary
High school
Vocational and apprenticeship
Post high school and foremen
Tertiary
Teaching staff (thou persons)
277
275
37
38
139
138
62
61
6
5
1
1
32
32
268
38
135
60
3
1
31
2010/
2011
...
...
...
...
...
253
37
125
60
*)
1
30
… = Data not available (the school year ends after the autumn second examination).
*) Under 0.5.
In correlation with the reduction of the school population, the number of graduates decreased, except
for the post high school and foremen education, which in the school year 2009/2010 experienced an
increase of 48.1% as compared to the school year 2007/2008 and 9.4% as compared to 2008/2009. At
the end of the school year 2009/2010, the highest number of graduates was in high school education
(over 204 thousand persons), followed by secondary education (199 thousand persons) and tertiary
education (over 191 thousand persons).
Teaching staff from all levels of education did not register significant variations in the last four years,
except primary and gymnasium education where number of teaching staff decreased by 10.1%
compared to 2007/2008 school year and 7.4% against 2009/2010.
39
â
CULTURE
Number of libraries
- private ownership
Number of cinemas 2)
Performances (thou)
Audience (millions)
Number of entertainment institutions 3)
Performances and concerts (thou)
Audience (millions)
Number of museums
- private ownership
Visitors (thou)
20101)
2007
2008
2009
12366
396
72
100
3
12359
367
75
128
4
12229
350
74
185
5
11829
324
68
240
7
156
20
4
156
20
5
161
20
6
153
19
6
679
81
12255
688
79
10687
694
77
10169
687
81
8939
2)Source: Cinema National Center.
3) Including theatres and musical institutions under private majority ownership.
The number of libraries operating in 2010 experienced a rise of 537 (4.3%) as compared to 2007.
By ownership type, most libraries are under state ownership (about 97.3%), while those under private
ownership account for only 2.7%.
The cinema network existing at the end of 2010 included 68 cinema units, decreasing by four cinema unit
as compared to 2007 (5.6%). In 2010, as compared to 2007, the number of performances increased by
about 140 thousand and the cinema audience increased by about four million spectators.
In 2010, the number of entertainment institutions (theatres, concert halls and similar institutions) was
153, experiencing an increase of 1.9% as compared to 2007. The number of performances and concerts
amounted to about 19 thousand in 2010, increasing as against 2007 (by 5.0%) and the audience increased
by about two million.
The network of public museums and collections operating in 2010 comprised 687 units, 8 more than in
2007. This increase was caused by a rise in the number of museums and collections open to the public.
The number of private museums and collections open to the public remained unchanged in 2010 as
compared to 2007.
40
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
CULTURE á
Media production
2007
2008
2009
20101)
2708
…
Newspapers, magazines and other periodicals 2)
Titles - total
2400
2690
Radio programmes
Broadcast by public stations
(thou broadcast hours) 3)
Broadcast by private stations
(thou broadcast days) 4)
122
131
144
147
170
181
176
174
Television programmes
Broadcast by public stations
(thou broadcast hours) 5)
Broadcast by private stations
(thou broadcast days) 4)
35
36
53
50
52
56
57
54
2) Source: National Library of Romania.
3) Source: Romanian Broadcasting Company.
4) Source: Audio-Visual National Council.
5) Source: Romanian Television Company.
. . . = Data not available.
Newspapers, magazines and other periodicals
3000
2500
2000
1500
2124
2044
2261
2180
2400
2320
2690
2708
2615
2657
Titles - total
Daily newspapers
Other periodicities
1000
500
0
80
81
80
75
51
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
In 2010, as compared to 2007, the broadcast hours of public radio stations increased by 20.5%, while the
broadcast hours of private stations rose by 2.4%.
In 2010, number of hours – public TV broadcast programs increased significantly due to higher number
of broadcast stations, with about 42.9% compared to 2007. An increase in broadcast time of 3.8%
compared to 2007, register private TV stations too.
41
â
PRICES
Romanian economic environment faced with major imbalances caused by inflation phenomenon.
The trend to reduce inflation rate took place since 1998, reaching in 2007 the lowest level (4.8%).
In 2010 inflation was 6.1%.
2007
2008
Consumer price indices (%)
(previous year = 100)
104.84
107.85
103.89
109.22
104.99
106.36
106.63
108.57
Total
Food goods
Non-food goods
Services
2009
2010
105.59
103.25
106.22
108.97
106.09
102.33
109.78
104.78
0.4
0.0
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.8
0.5
4.2248
2.8952
4.2925
3.2439
Monthly average inflation rate (%)
0.5
0.5
0.7
0.5
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.6
Total
Food goods
Non-food goods
Services
Average exchange rate in December
3.5289
3.9153
2.4247
2.9026
lei / euro
lei / USD
Evolution of consumer price, real earning
and yearly average exchange rate indices
%
current year/ previous year
150
Consumer price
indices - total
125
Real earning
indices1)
Yearly average
exchange rate
indices - lei/euro
100
75
Yearly average
exchange rate
indices - lei/USD
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
1) For 2010, provisional data.
Under the impact of the gradual removal of the subsidies from the state budget, the level of industrial
production prices reflected the increase in costs, as well as the relative mediocrity of economic units
performance. Likewise, the increase in salary costs, the gradual re-evaluation of tangible and intangible
assets, the depreciation of the exchange rate of the national currency etc. had a significant influence on
industrial production prices.
42
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
PRICES á
Industrial production price indices per total
(domestic market and non-domestic market)
2005 = 100
Activity (CANE Rev. 2 divisions)
Total
Mining of coal and lignite
Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas
Mining of metal ores
Other mining and quarrying
Mining support service activities
Manufacturing
Manufacture of food products
Manufacture of beverages
Manufacture of tobacco products
Manufacture of textiles
Manufacture of wearing apparel
Tanning and dressing of leather; manufacture
of travel and leather goods, harness and footwear;
preparation and dyeing of furs
Manufacture of wood and of products of wood and
cork, except furniture; manufacture of articles of
straw and plaiting materials
Manufacture of paper and paper products
Printing and reproduction of recorded media
Manufacture of coke and refined
petroleum products
Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products
Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products
and pharmaceutical preparations
Manufacture of rubber and plastic products
Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products
Manufacture of basic metals
Manufacture of fabricated metal products,
except machinery and equipment
Manufacture of computers, electronic
and optical products
Manufacture of electrical equipment
Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c
Manufacture of motor vehicles,
trailers and semi-trailers
Manufacture of other transport equipment
Manufacture of furniture
Other manufacturing n.e.c.
Repair, maintenance and installation
of machinery and equipment
Water catchment, treatment and distribution
2007
117.96
143.20
117.36
149.88
c
117.72
149.88
117.37
114.48
115.67
135.19
113.47
127.70
2008
136.01
159.65
123.57
169.13
c
129.98
169.13
138.29
137.90
127.71
149.87
123.96
146.76
2009
138.55
146.65
128.84
148.19
c
139.53
146.59
140.45
141.58
141.56
180.00
132.39
164.75
2010
147.33
149.65
130.37
148.59
c
138.17
155.74
150.37
146.64
148.04
219.92
139.73
173.33
128.09
147.61
165.95
178.00
115.39
111.64
121.48
127.59
129.19
127.23
133.12
136.30
140.47
133.95
139.37
145.60
130.89
108.68
170.23
134.86
136.63
131.74
176.86
127.03
133.31
115.87
111.92
116.42
147.82
122.86
124.79
147.69
173.36
121.46
132.04
139.65
215.70
125.15
129.42
155.72
116.41
142.02
150.16
152.28
110.78
121.92
113.20
115.33
133.87
128.51
122.49
144.23
142.03
124.96
147.40
145.69
107.75
110.14
110.92
112.79
122.78
122.95
121.99
146.45
134.82
140.16
131.52
156.69
135.43
145.28
135.98
164.88
110.88
127.07
137.82
136.66
112.52
117.39
125.55
130.27
112.52
117.39
125.55
130.27
144.85
144.85
158.25
158.25
177.42
177.42
190.92
190.92
c = Confidential data.
43
â
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS
In 2010, the level of gross domestic product, in nominal terms, was 513640.8 million lei, 23967 lei per
capita. In 2010, as compared to 2009, the gross domestic product in real terms decreased with 1.3% and
the gross domestic product per capita decreased with 1.1%.
Fall was dramatic during 2009-2010 as against process of economic growth registered in previous years
(6.3% in 2007 against 2006; 7.3% in 2008 against 2007).
In 2010, the evolution of gross domestic product by activity sectors had the following characteristics:
services registered the highest contribution in GDP formation, respectively 47.5% of total (244241.6
million lei); the second place was held by industry, respectively 26.4% for GDP formation (135472.0
million lei); construction contributed with 8.9% at GDP formation (45481.9 million lei); agriculture,
hunting, forestry and fish breeding contributed with 6.0% from GDP (30728.6 million lei).
In 2010, gross value added registered was 455924.1 million lei and represented 88.8% of GDP.
Gross domestic product, by category of resources
and category of uses
lei million current prices
20091)
20102)
2007
2008
23992.2
101148.0
37923.8
205292.3
34126.3
118486.0
54628.2
251295.0
31734.9
121842.5
49350.0
244919.8
30728.6
135472.0
45481.9
244241.6
Gross value added (GVA)
Net taxes on products
368356.3
47650.5
458535.5
56164.5
447847.2
50160.3
455924.1
57716.7
Gross domestic product (GDP)
416006.8
514700.0
498007.5
513640.8
Actual final consumption
Households actual individual
final consumption
General government actual
collective final consumption
344937.0
420917.5
402246.0
405422.4
313223.3
381108.1
362749.9
368495.1
31713.7
39809.4
39496.1
36927.3
Gross capital formation
Gross fixed capital formation
Change in inventories
128858.7
125645.3
3213.4
160896.9
164279.4
-3382.5
126036.4
130602.6
-4566.2
135920.6
116793.1
19127.5
Net exports
-57788.9
-67114.4
-30274.9
-27702.2
Gross national income (GNI)
401081.4
499783.1
491189.1
507315.1
Agriculture, hunting and forestry
Industry 4)
Construction
Services
3)
Note: Data are presented according to CANE Rev. 1. The data for 2007 and 2008 are final.
1) Semi-final data.
3) Including fishery and pisciculture.
4) Including electric and thermal energy, gas and water.
44
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS â
In 2010, from the viewpoint of gross domestic product use, the actual final consumption was 405422.4
million lei, and value of the most important component – final individual actual consumption of
population households – was 368495.1 million lei. In 2010, amounts allocated for gross fixed capital
formation were 116793.1 million lei. The negative evolution of gross fixed capital formation was
determined by diminish of investiments volume, main component of this aggregate.
In 2010 export of goods and services (synthesis of international trade activity) represented the equivalent
of -27702.2 million lei.
Gross domestic product indices (%)
2005 = 100
2007
2008
20091)
RESOURCES
Agriculture, hunting and forestry 3)
Industry 4)
Construction
Services
87.6
113.0
165.2
114.4
105.7
115.1
208.4
120.5
90.6
113.4
180.7
113.0
89.9
119.2
161.4
110.4
Gross value added
115.2
110.6
123.9
117.1
116.0
102.3
114.7
99.7
114.7
123.1
114.4
113.0
119.8
130.2
120.1
117.5
123.0
134.0
122.3
119.9
90.7
96.3
97.5
94.4
Gross capital formation
Gross fixed capital formation
Change in inventories
162.9
156.2
-206.3
168.9
180.5
739.9
124.7
134.9
891.7
128.0
117.2
-3120.2
Net export
291.8
312.5
133.3
138.7
USES
Actual final consumption
Households actual individual
final consumption
General government actual
collective final consumption
20102)
Note: The data for 2007 and 2008 are final.
1) Semi-final data.
45
â
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS
Gross domestic product growth variation
previous year = 100
%
110
103.9
105
103.2
99.6
101.5
94.4
91.2
95.1
90
85
105.1
107.9
104.2
107.3
106.3
98.7
92.9
2010
2009
2007
2008
2005
2006
2003
2004
2002
2000
2001
1998
1996
1994
1995
1992
1993
1990
87.1
1991
80
102.4
108.5
105.2
97.9
1999
95
105.7
1997
100
107.1
Note: For the interval 1990-2008 the data are final;
for the interval 1995 - 2005 the data are revised;
for 2009 the data are semi-final and for 2010, the data are provisional.
World crisis forced foreign investors to retreat investments from central and eastern European countries
such as Romania. Consequently, investment rate diminished in 2010, having value of 25.6% with 3.6
percentage points under level registered in 2009 (29.2%).
Gross domestic product
- lei million current prices
- changes as against the
previous year (%)
Gross domestic product
per inhabitant
- lei (RON)
- changes as against the
previous year (%)
- dollars (based on the purchasing
power parity) 3)
- purchasing power standard
Gross value added rate
(GVA / Output) (%)
Investment rate
(GFCF / GVA) ( %)
20091)
20102)
2007
2008
416006.8
514700.0
498007.5
513640.8
6.3
7.3
-7.1
-1.3
19315
23935
23196
23967
6.5
7.5
-6.9
-1.1
11486
10400
12638
12000
11917
107003)
...
...
47.0
46.5
47.1
46.0
34.1
35.8
29.2
25.6
1) Semi-final data.
3) Eurostat forecast.
. . . = Data not available.
46
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS â
Contribution of the main activities
to the gross domestic product (%)
Agriculture, hunting and forestry
Industry 4)
Construction
Services
Gross value added
3)
2007
2008
5.8
24.3
9.1
49.3
88.5
11.5
100.0
6.7
23.0
10.6
48.8
89.1
10.9
100.0
20091)
6.4
24.5
9.9
49.2
90.0
10.0
100.0
20102)
6.0
26.4
8.9
47.5
88.8
11.2
100.0
1) Semi-final data.
4)Including electric and thermal energy, gas and water.
The decrease of gross domestic product was determined by weak evolutions of activity volume from
private sector. In 2010, private sector held 69.2% of gross domestic product, less than previous year with
1.1 percentage points.
In 2010 by activity branches, the gross value added from private sector had the following characteristics:
- private sector from agriculture continued to hold significant weights in gross value added of the
branch (99.6%) with 30.4 percentage points over average level of private sector in the economy; as
compared to previous year, this indicator increased with 11.3 percentage points;
- gross value added of private sector in industry represented 83.4% of gross value added of the branch,
over average level of private sector in the economy with 14.2% percentage points; as compared to
previous year, this indicator registered a growth with 0.8 percentage points;
- in construction, weight of private sector was 97.3% with 28.1 percentage points over average level of
private sector in the economy, as compared to previous year, this indicator increased with 0.6 percentage
points;
- in services, weight of private sector was 68.6% from total gross value added of the branch, level
situated less under average level of private sector in the economy (with 0.6 percentage points); as
compared to previous year, gross value added in private sector of services branch was lower with 2.3
percentage points.
47
á
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS
Weight of the private sector in the gross domestic product and
the gross value added of the main activities in the national economy (%)
Gross domestic product - total
Gross value added
in:
- agriculture, hunting and forestry 3)
- industry 4)
- construction
- services
2007
2008
20091)
20102)
72.0
71.1
70.3
69.2
92.6
86.6
97.1
74.4
94.0
85.7
91.5
72.6
88.3
82.6
96.7
70.9
99.6
83.4
97.3
68.6
1)
Semi-final data.
2)
Provisional data.
3)
Including fishery and pisciculture.
Structure of the gross value added in the private sector,
by activity of national economy
%
100
50,4
49,7
51,0
49,9
49,6
47,1
50.4
49.7
51.0
49.9
49.6
47.1
9.1
10.5
12.3
13.6
13.6
28.8
29.3
29.3
27.7
28.8
31.8
11.7
10.5
2006
7.4
2007
8.8
2005
2008
8.0
2009 1)
2010 2)
Services
90
80
70
Construction
Industry4)
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
12.5
Agriculture, hunting
and silviculture3)
8.6
Note: Data are presented according to CANE Rev. 1. Data for 2005 are revised and during 2006 - 2008 are final.
1) Semi-final data.
48
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
INVESTMENTS á
Net investment indices, by structural elements (%)
2008 = 100
2009
20101)
Total
70.7
61.2
New construction
Equipment
Other investment expenditure
85.1
60.6
64.3
69.0
53.9
61.1
In 2010, by main activities of national economy, a higher focus of investments funds took place in
industry, including electric and thermal energy, gas and water (42.2%) and services (40.5%).
Net investments, by main activities of national economy, in 2009
CANE Rev.2
3.9%
34.3%
49.6%
Industry
Construction
Services
44
12.2%
Net investments, by financing source, in 2009
1.8%
8.6%
CANE Rev.2
8.8%
68.1%
Own source
Internal credits
5.3%
External credits
State budget and local budget
7.4%
Foreign capital
Other sources
Note: For 2010, data will be available in November 2011.
49
â
AGRICULTURE
Agricultural production 1)
Total
Crop production
Animal production
Agricultural services
2007
2008
2009
47700
28723
18292
685
66994
45742
20536
716
59928
35735
23442
751
20102)
64621
42773
21115
733
1) According to the Eurostat methodology on "Economic Accounts for Agriculture".
Within the structure of agricultural production, the crop sector prevails, holding about 66.2% of total
production in 2010, as against 32.7% animal production and 1.1% agricultural services.
Crop production
thou tonnes
Cereals for grains
of which:
Wheat
Rye
Barley and two-row barley
Maize grains
Leguminous plants for beans
Potatoes
Sugar beet
Oilseed crops
of which:
Sunflower
Vegetables 1)
Fruit 2)
Grapes 2)
2007
2008
2009
2010
7815
16826
14873
16664
3045
21
531
3854
36
3712
749
1047
7181
31
1209
7849
63
3649
707
1942
5203
33
1182
7973
53
4004
817
1764
5774
34
1314
9008
62
3284
838
2382
547
3117
1086
873
1170
3820
1179
986
1098
3902
1323
990
1267
3875
1420
740
1) Including the production of kitchen gardens, greenhouses, solaria, intercalated and successive crops.
2) Including the production of kitchen gardens.
In 2010, the production of cereals was higher than in 2009, but lower than in 2008.
In 2010, as compared to 2009, crop production dropped for some crops (potatoes, vegetables and
grapes) and increased for cereals for grains, leguminous plants for beans, sugar beet, oilseed crops and
fruit.
50
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
AGRICULTURE â
Evolution of main cereals production
thou tonnes
18000
16826
15759
16664
15000
14873
Cereals for
grains - total
Wheat
12000
8985
9000
5526
6000
3000
1400
7849
7815
0
36
2006
Rye
Barley and
two-row barley
Maize grains
7181
3854
~
9008
5774
5203
3045
773
7973
531
21
2007
1209
1182
31
33
2008
2009
1314
34
2010
Animal production
Meat - total
of which:
Beef
Pork
Mutton and goat
Poultry
Milk - total
of which:
Cow and buffalo cow milk
Wool
Eggs
Extracted honey
Fish 1)
M.U.
2007
2008
2009
thou t
live weight
1503
1426
1443
333
306
264
642
605
585
110
104
104
416
410
489
thou hl
61048
59006
56383
thou hl
tonnes
mill. pcs
tonnes
tonnes
54875
21025
6522
16767
15106
53089
22075
6692
20037
16250
50570
22352
6211
19937
15202
thou t
live weight
thou t
live weight
thou t
live weight
thou t
live weight
Note: Meat production from slaughtering, according to the Eurostat methodology.
The data for 2010 will be available after 15 July 2011.
1) Source: Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development.
51
á
AGRICULTURE
Livestock (on December 1st)
M.U.
2007
2008
2009
20101)
Cattle
Pigs
Sheep
Goats
Horses
thou heads
thou heads
thou heads
thou heads
thou heads
2819
6565
8469
865
862
2684
6174
8882
898
820
2512
5793
9141
917
764
2390
5450
9480
958
844
Poultry - total
thou heads
82036
84373
83843
77089
- private majority ownership
thou heads
81610
84355
83828
77005
thou families
982
998
1057
1169
thou families
982
998
1057
1168
Livestock
Bees - total
Livestock under private majority ownership
(on December 1st)
thou heads
10000
8000
52
2008
2009
Cattle
Sheep
Pigs
Goats
957
841
5438
9279
2384
916
757
5786
9132
898
813
6163
8871
2007
2505
0
2676
2000
2809
4000
865
858
6543
8460
6000
2010
Horses
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
FORESTRY á
Forest fund, by use category
thou hectares
Use category
2007
2008
2009
20101)
Forest fund - total
Forest area
coniferous trees
deciduous trees
Other lands from forest fund
6485
6315
1920
4395
170
6470
6309
1938
4371
161
6495
6334
1935
4399
161
6515
6354
1941
4413
161
At the end of 2010, the forest fund covered an area of 6515 thousand hectares, 30 thousand hectares
more than in 2007 (0.5% respectively).
As compared to 2009, the forest area increased by 0.3%.
In 2010, the forest area amounted to 6354 thousand hectares, with the coniferous trees covering 1941
thousand hectares (30.5% respectively) and the deciduous trees covering 4413 thousand hectares (69.5%
respectively).
Volume of wood harvested, by main species
thou m3 - gross volume
Wood species
Volume of wood harvested - total
coniferous trees
beech trees
oak trees
various hard species
various soft species
2007
2008
2009
17238
7491
5182
1485
1668
1412
16705
6766
5208
1653
1760
1318
16520
6635
5489
1403
1845
1148
20101)
16992
6895
5651
1526
1770
1150
In 2010, the volume of wood harvested was greater by 472 thousand m3 than in 2009 (i.e. by 2.9%) and
smaller by 246 thousand m3 than in 2007 (i.e. by 1.4%).
In 2010, according to the breakdown by wood species, coniferous trees accounted for 40.6% of the total
volume harvested, beech trees covered 33.2%, oak trees 9.0% and the various hard and soft species
17.2%.
53
á
ENTERPRISE ACTIVITY
Active enterprises from industry, construction, trade and
other services, by activity of national economy
number
Total
Manufacturing
Construction
and motorcycles
of support services
Education 2)
Health and social assistance 2)
2007
2008
2009
Sem. I
20101)
499533
903
56200
534525
1083
57305
519441
1234
54652
426320
1022
46012
392
506
609
586
2146
48562
2366
59389
2358
60135
2048
43954
209297
30707
22089
19009
13339
53666
214137
34489
23653
20049
14767
59181
197611
35064
26170
19638
15107
60415
166090
29705
22073
15768
11649
49140
17368
2161
8100
4420
11174
19480
2681
8677
4990
11772
18205
2979
8859
5142
11263
14523
2476
7983
4001
9290
1) Provisional data.2) Only include the enterprises with activities related to education or health and social assistance,
organised as trading companies.
Active small and medium enterprises from industry, contruction,
trade and other services, by activity of national economy
number
Total
Manufacturing
Construction
and motorcycles
of support services
Education 2)
Health and social assistance 2)
2007
2008
2009
Sem. I
20101)
424766
1006
45290
497690
879
55218
532688
1061
56407
517870
1215
53909
342
451
556
533
2080
48377
2295
59195
2290
59990
1979
43826
209120
30612
22063
18958
13334
53625
213945
34385
23631
19991
14760
59132
197440
34969
26151
19588
15101
60369
165934
29606
22046
15714
11640
49090
17252
2160
8094
4407
11169
19340
2680
8670
4978
11767
18074
2978
8850
5131
11259
14383
2475
7970
3989
9285
1) Provisional data.2) Only include the enterprises with activities related to education or health and social assistance,
organised as trading companies.
54
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
INDUSTRY â
Industry turnover volume indices (%)
2005 = 100
CANE Rev.2
2007
2008
2009
2010
Total - by sections
Manufacturing
Total – by main industrial groups
Intermediate goods industry
Capital goods industry
Durable goods industry
Current goods industry
Energy industry
130.9
129.8
131.0
157.1
137.6
158.3
135.2
122.1
136.0
151.5
115.7
153.5
135.9
147.7
137.7
125.6
104.9
164.2
185.2
157.3
146.4
124.0
126.0
188.0
126.8
135.9
91.3
146.3
223.5
135.2
136.4
105.1
Note: Data resulting from infra-annual statistical surveys, recalculated according to CANE Rev. 2.
In 2010, the value index of turnover from industry increased as against 2005 average with 51.5%, due
both to manufacturing (+53.5%) and mining and quarrying (+15.7%).
Industrial production index (gross series) increased in 2010 with 23.4% as a result of higher
manufacturing (+28.9%) and electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning production and supply (+11.8%).
The most important growths were registered for: manufacture of electrical equipment; rubber and plastic
products; manufacture of motor vehicles, traillers and semi-traillers; manufacture of wood and of
products of wood and cork,except furniture; manufactures of articles of straw and plaiting materials;
electricity,gas, steam and air conditioning production and supply.
Industrial production indices
2005 = 100
%
140
130
120
110
100
90
126.1
130.1
128.9
121.6
120.6
123.8
100.8
100.7
96.3
96.6
123.4
116.9
103.4
88.7
111.8
Manufacturing
82.6
80
70
2007
2008
Total
2009
Electricity, gas, steam and
air conditioning production
and supply
2010
Note: Data recalculated according to CANE Rev.2.
55
á
INDUSTRY
Industrial production indices (%)
Unadjusted series
2005 = 100
Activity (CANE Rev.2)
2007
2008
2009
2010
Total
Mining of coal and lignite
Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas
Mining of metal ores
Other mining and quarrying
Mining support service activities
Manufacturing
Manufacture of food products
Manufacture of beverages
Manufacture of tobacco products
Manufacture of textiles
Manufacture of wearing apparel
Tanning and dressing of leather; manufacture
of travel and leather goods, harness and
footwear; preparation and dyeing of furs
Manufacture of wood and of products
of wood and cork, except furniture;
manufacture of articles of straw and
plaiting materials
Manufacture of paper and paper products
Printing and reproduction of
recorded media
Manufacture of coke and refined
petroleum products
Manufacture of chemicals and
chemical products
Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products
and pharmaceutical preparations
Manufacture of rubber and plastic products
Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products
Manufacture of basic metals
Manufacture of fabricated metal products,
except machinery and equipment
Manufacture of computers, electronic
and optical products
Manufacture of electrical equipment
Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c.
Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers
and semi-trailers
Manufacture of other transport equipment
Manufacture of furniture
Other manufacturing n.e.c.
Repair, maintenance and installation of
machinery and equipment
Industry - total by main industrial groups:
- intermediate goods industry
- capital goods industry
- durable goods industry
- current goods industry
- energy industry
120.6
100.8
114.3
94.6
18.8
152.6
108.4
126.1
129.0
123.1
115.5
101.1
88.8
123.8
100.7
114.2
89.4
4.0
170.9
121.3
130.1
135.7
138.5
141.2
92.5
71.0
116.9
88.7
98.3
84.7
2.8
109.6
108.7
121.6
134.6
128.5
141.1
72.2
52.9
123.4
82.6
97.5
82.4
23.5
94.5
79.8
128.9
125.5
121.1
114.3
78.2
52.9
95.9
82.7
65.1
67.9
133.2
120.0
122.7
112.6
145.1
101.1
163.1
102.2
96.7
121.2
128.0
115.9
94.9
94.5
83.6
73.8
104.7
121.4
102.0
111.8
108.0
161.8
147.4
103.1
125.8
179.2
166.0
87.1
104.6
167.3
114.7
55.8
112.7
179.2
109.2
71.1
147.0
170.4
148.2
135.9
131.2
140.6
135.1
137.3
155.9
129.9
103.7
181.0
107.3
103.5
238.3
101.0
138.9
128.1
117.3
115.4
142.7
129.4
113.2
83.5
158.0
107.3
96.8
74.1
204.2
70.5
95.3
66.2
111.3
91.4
92.2
99.7
96.3
96.6
103.4
111.8
96.3
96.6
103.4
111.8
131.0
138.9
116.5
111.6
97.0
136.1
145.3
112.7
114.1
96.2
123.4
143.5
95.7
104.5
96.5
136.3
156.2
98.0
100.8
99.5
56
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
ENERGY á
Primary energy
thou tonnes oil equivalent1)
20102)
2007
2008
2009
Resources
of which:
- production 4)
- imports
47460
481663)
42729
42755
27300
17399
287793)
163243)
28034
11235
26992
10936
Production 4)
of which:
- coal
- crude oil
- natural gas 5)
- electric energy 6)
27300
287793)
28034
26992
6858
4651
9075
3264
7011
4619
8982
4233
6477
4390
8964
4242
5969
4185
8419
4581
Imports
of which:
- coal
- crude oil
- natural gas
- electric energy
17399
163243)
11235
10936
3021
8531
3904
109
2030
8417
3567
79
640
6892
1614
56
567
5822
1834
66
1) Conventional fuel with a calorific power of 10000 Kcal/kg.
3) Rectified data as against those previously published.
4) Including energy products obtained and consumed in households.
5) Excluding gasoline and ethane from extraction oil wells, which are included in crude oil.
6) Including aeolian energy.
In 2008, resources of primary energy registered a slight growth trend, as against previous year, then in
2009, a falling trend was registered (-11.3) against 2008.
In 2010, resources of primary energy were kept at a relatively constant level against 2009. The weight of
imports dropped to 25.6% in 2010 (as compared to 26.3% in 2009), crude oil imports representing 53.2%
of total imports.
Electric energy balance
billion kWh
2007
2008
2009
20101)
Resource
Production
- in thermo-power stations
- in hydro-power stations
- in nuclear-electric stations
Imports
62.9
61.6
37.9
16.0
7.7
1.3
65.8
64.9
36.5
17.2
11.2
0.9
58.7
58.0
30.4
15.8
11.8
0.7
60.5
59.8
28.0
20.1
11.6
0.8
Destination - total
Consumption - total
- in economy
- public lighting
- population
Exports
Own technological consumption
in networks and stations
62.9
53.0
42.0
0.6
10.4
3.4
65.8
52.7
41.6
0.7
10.4
5.2
58.7
47.9
36.2
0.7
11.0
2.9
60.5
50.5
38.6
0.7
11.2
3.0
6.5
7.9
7.0
7.0
57
á
CONSTRUCTION
Indices of construction works (%)
unadjusted series
2008 = 100
Total
New construction
Capital repairs
Maintenance and current repairs
2009
20101)
81.7
77.4
89.9
92.2
70.9
62.8
86.2
91.8
1) Provisional data resulting from infra-annual statistical surveys.
Construction works, by manner of performing
2008
2009
18.0%
19.7%
New construction
and capital repairs
Maintenance and
current repairs
82.0%
80.3%
Structure of contruction works on contract, by category of objects
2008
13.4%
2009
14.9%
34.3%
38.1%
Residential buildings
Non residential buildings
Transport infrastructures
23.2%
Other construction and
works engineering
25.7%
25.3%
25.1%
58
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
TRANSPORT â
Railway transport
Railway engines 2)
Waggons 2)
Carriages 2)
Transported freight
Distance covered by goods 3)
National and international
passengers transport
Distance covered by
passengers
Inland waterway transport
Ships without propulsion
for freight transport 4)
Ships for passengers transport 4)
Transported freight 5)
Distance covered by freight 5)
Distance covered by
passengers
Transport via petroleum pipelines
Transported goods
Distance covered by goods
Maritime transport
Freight ships 4)
Transported goods 6)
Air transport
Registered civil aircrafts with
air navigation certificate
- for passengers transport
- for freight transport
Transported goods 7)
passengers transport 7)
Road transport
Transported goods
Distance covered by freight
Distance covered by passengers
M.U.
2007
2008
2009
20101)
number
thou waggons
number
million tonnes
billion tonnes-km
1986
55
5326
69
16
1907
47
5105
67
15
1845
46
5137
51
11
1834
43
4904
53
12
million passengers
million
passengers-km
88
78
70
64
7476
6958
6128
5437
number
number
million tones
billion tonnes-km
1199
72
29
8
1221
75
30
9
1232
65
25
12
1208
67
32
14
million passengers
million
passengers-km
*)
*)
*)
*)
23
21
20
15
million tonnes
billion tonnes-km
12
2
12
2
9
1
7
1
number
million tonnes
31
49
27
50
24
36
26
38
number
numãr
thou tonnes
million
passengers
62
22
71
27
84
25
89
26
8
9
9
10
357
365
293
175
60
56
34
26
231
2978)
2628)
2458)
12156
201948)
million
tonnes
billion
tonnes-km
million
passengers
million
passengers-km
171088) 158128)
2) Railway transport means existing in inventory at end of year.
3) Tariff covered by goods.
4) The data refer to ships registered in the Registration File of Romanian Naval.
5) Statistical data series in accordance with Regulation (EC) No. 1365/2006 of the European Parliament and
of the Council on statistics of goods transport by inland waterways.
6) Statistical data series in accordance with Directive 42/2009/EC of the European Parliament and of
the Council on statistical returns in respect of carriage of goods and passengers by sea.
7) Statistical data series in accordance with Regulation (EC) No. 437/2003 of the European Parliament and
of the Council on statistical returns in respect of the carriage of passenges, freight and mail by air.
8) Data obtained according to the new methodology (the observation unit is the motor vehicle that has
a valid licence for the transport of people).
*) Under 0.5.
59
â
TRANSPORT
During 2010 as compared to 2009, most of transport ways registered falls.
Air transportul registered a continuous upward evolution during 2007-2010.
Road transport registered a fall in terms of quantities of goods, by 40.3% compared to 2009 and by 51.0%
compared to 2007.
Harbour freight transport
thou tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
Maritime transport
- loaded goods
- unloaded goods
48928
20298
28630
50458
20857
29601
36094
19687
16407
38122
21181
16941
Inland waterways transport
- internaþional
- national
29425
12710
16661
30295
7526
22646
24743
6382
9843
32088
9048
14770
54
123
- transit
85181)
82701)
1) Includes data on the transport between the Bulgarian harbours (transit transport for Romania),
in accordance with the European legislation.
Airport passengers transport
thou
5500
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
0
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
5115
5013
4524
4568
4484
4593
3894
3937
2747
500
2750
1000
2183
1500
2156
2000
2010
embarked
disembarked
60
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
TRANSPORT á
Airport freight transport
tonnes
17758
18000
15851
16000
14000
15709
15099
13902
15637
12000
10000
8000
6000
8928
6740
6324
9903
8790
7169
4000
2000
0
2005
2006
2007
2008
loaded
(including mail)
2009
2010
unloaded
(including mail)
Airport passengers and freight transport
M.U.
Passengers
Freight (including mail)
Aircraft movements
thou passengers
tonnes
number
2007
2008
2009
2010
7831
22268
133646
9077
26686
150120
9093
24499
160047
10128
25540
163222
Number of registered motor vehicles
thou pieces
Buses and microbuses
Passenger cars
Mopeds and motorcycles
(including motor tricycles and
quadricycles)
Goods road motor vehicles
2007
2008
2009
20101)
36
3554
42
4027
41
4245
41
4320
56
587
72
645
80
662
85
667
Source: Ministry of Administration and Interior (Driving Licences and Vehicles Registration Division).
61
â
INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN GOODS
Exports, imports and balance
of trade in goods transactions
20101)
2007
2008
2009
FOB exports
euro million
USD million
lei million
29549
40471
98579
33725
49674
123812
29084
40579
123344
37293
49413
157160
CIF imports
euro million
USD million
lei million
51322
70414
171319
57240
84286
210133
38953
54344
165171
46802
62007
197171
Balance (FOB exp. - CIF imp.)
euro million
USD million
lei million
-21773
-29943
-72740
-23515
-34612
-86321
-9869
-13765
-41827
-9509
-12594
-40011
The value volume of Romania international trade in goods registered in 2010 a growth as against
previous year, as follows; FOB exports amounted to 37293 million euro (increasing by 28.2% against 2009)
and CIF imports amounted to 46802 million euro (increasing by 20.1% against 2009), FOB-CIF trade
balance being under these conditions -9509 million euro.
37293
46802
33725
51322
29084
38953
30000
29549
40000
25850
50000
22255
32568
60000
40746
euro million
57240
Exports, imports and balance of international
trade in goods transactions
20000
10000
0
-10000
-20000
-10313
-9869
-14896
-21773
-30000
2005
2006
2007
-9509
-23515
2008
2009
2010
1)
FOB exports
CIF imports
Balance (FOB exports - CIF imports)
62
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN GOODS â
International trade in goods by section, according to the
Combined Nomenclature
Code CN
FOB export
CIF import
I
Live animals and animal
products
II
Vegetal products
III
V
Animal or vegetal
fats and oils
Prepared foodstuffs,
beverages and tobacco
Mineral products
VI
Chemical products
VII
Plastics, rubber and
articles thereof
Raw hides and skins, leather,
furskins and articles thereof
Wood and articles of wood,
excluding furniture
Pulp of wood, paper,
paperboard
Textiles and textile articles
IV
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
XIII
XV
XVI
XVII
XVIII
XX
XXII
Footwear, headgear, umbrellas
and similar articles
Articles of stone, plaster, cement,
ceramic, glass and similar
materials
Base metals and articles
of base metal
Machinery and mechanical
appliances; electrical equipment;
sound and image
recorders and reproducers
Vehicles and associated
transport equipment
Optical, photographic,
cinematographic, medical or
surgical instruments and
apparatus and similar; clocks and
watches; musical instruments;
parts and accessories thereof
Miscellaneous manufactured
articles
Goods not elsewhere
classified in C.N.
euro million
20101)
2007
2008
2009
E
I
E
I
E
I
E
I
E
I
E
I
E
I
E
I
E
I
E
I
E
I
E
I
E
I
29549
51322
252
870
440
1037
68
144
362
1288
2295
6139
1130
3873
1454
3086
233
762
993
579
178
866
3932
3629
1358
512
33725
57240
278
1191
1198
1259
106
227
583
1669
3142
7850
1428
4727
1711
3313
232
693
949
599
162
967
3544
3476
1239
552
29084
38953
326
1116
1125
1003
88
160
704
1544
1784
3883
1070
4300
1436
2542
189
559
919
376
165
898
2900
2737
1024
443
37293
46802
434
983
1637
1137
165
217
889
1577
2060
5169
1660
4667
1885
3250
238
641
1223
396
235
963
3134
3041
1170
519
E
I
E
I
236
944
4815
5675
216
1076
4940
6501
179
634
2922
3794
225
673
4455
5116
E
I
E
I
6552
12851
3577
7102
8061
13715
4139
7131
7671
10539
4882
2890
10137
13335
5753
3457
E
I
E
I
E
I
232
823
1362
1027
82
113
314
943
1389
1231
94
119
351
652
1252
792
97
92
436
787
1425
763
133
111
Note: The differences between the total data and the data obtained by summing up the different
structures used are due to rounding.
1)
Provisional data.
63
â
The main structural changes in the evolution of exports by section according to the Combined
Nomenclature (CN) in 2010 as compared to 2009 consist of:
- a higher share for the sections “Base metals and articles of base metal” (by 1.9 percentage points);
Chemical products (by 0.8 percentage points); “Machinery and mechanical appliances, electrical
equipment, sound and image recorders and reproducers” (by 0.8 percentage points);
- a lower share for the sections “Textiles and textile articles” (by 1.6 percentage points); “Vehicles and
associated transport equipment” (by 1.4 percentage points).
In imports evolution by sections of Combined Nomenclature in 2010 compared to 2009, the following
structural changes took place:
- higher weight for sections “Machinery and mechanical appliances; electrical equipment, sound and
image recorders or reproducers ”, with 1.5 percentage points; “Base metals and articles of base metal”
with 1.1 percentage points, “Mineral products” with 1.1 percentage points.
- lower weight for section “Chemical products” with 1.1 percentage points.
Unit value indices of international trade calculated
from values expressed in euro (%)
previous year = 100
FOB exports
CIF import
2007
106.0
98.2
2008
103.8
103.4
20101)
107.0
104.2
2009
89.3
89.3
Exports, by groups of countries1)
euro million
Total
Europe
European Union (EU-27)
EFTA
Other European countries
Asia
Middle and Near East
Other Asian countries
Africa
North Africa
Other African countries
America
of which:
North America
Central America and the Caribbean
South America
Oceania
Extra-EU not specified countries 3)
20102)
2007
2008
2009
29549
26041
21269
536
4236
2017
1126
891
506
378
127
934
33725
29507
23765
630
5113
2273
1339
934
843
485
359
1012
29084
25706
21600
655
3450
2030
1097
921
706
527
179
598
37293
32826
26914
578
5333
2526
1308
1218
989
608
381
906
639
134
162
43
624
205
183
68
366
138
95
20
648
111
147
22
8
22
26
24
Note: The differences between the total data and the data obtained by summing up the different
structures used are due to rounding.
1) Destination country for exports.
3) It includes the goods for which the destination country for export and the origin country for import are
not indicated in the customs declaration.
64
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN GOODS â
(FOB) exports
with the main partner countries, in 2010 1)
(structure calculated from data in euro thou)
Germany
18.1%
Other
countries
48.1%
Italy
13.8%
France
8.3%
1)
Hungary
Turkey
4.8%
6.9%
Provisional data.
(CIF) imports
with the main partner countries, in 20101)
(structure calculated from data in euro thou)
Germany
16.7%
Other
countries
51.6%
Italy
11.6%
Ungary
8.7%
People’s Rep.
of China
France
5.9%
5.5%
1)
Provisional data.
65
â
Imports, by groups of countries 1)
euro million
20102)
2007
2008
2009
Total
51322
57240
38953
46802
Europe
European Union (EU-27)
EFTA
Other European countries
44265
36587
459
7220
47756
39838
513
7405
32598
28472
450
3676
39360
33924
531
4905
Asia
Middle and Near East
5212
771
4441
7357
441
6916
4976
287
4631
6006
341
5665
Africa
North Africa
266
165
101
285
225
60
293
170
92
289
154
136
1433
1710
1066
1124
802
79
552
1023
78
609
583
76
394
665
64
395
117
131
19
22
28
1
2
1
America
of which:
North America
Central America and the Caribbean
South America
Oceania
Extra-EU not specified countries 3)
1) Consignment country for intracommunity imports and origin country for extracommunity imports.
3) It includes the goods for which the destination country for export and the origin country for import are
not indicated in the customs declaration.
In terms of the geographical orientation of exports, the main destination is represented by EU Member
States, which in 2010 hold 72.2% of the total exports.
The main origin of imports is also represented by EU Member States, holding 72.5% of the total imports
in 2010.
66
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN GOODS á
International trade in goods ,
by group of countries, in 2010 1)
CIF imports
46802 euro million
FOB exports
37293 euro million
12.0%
15.9%
1.5%
1.1%
14.3%
10.5%
72.2%
1)
72.5%
European Union
EFTA
Other countries
from Europe
Other countries
Provisional data.
International trade in goods, by mode of transport
euro million
2007
2008
2009
20101)
(FOB) exports by mode of transport
Total
of which:
Railway transport
Road transport
Sea transport
River transport
29549
33725
29084
37293
1420
19114
6175
277
1787
22434
7560
420
1188
20506
5654
335
1774
26082
7170
450
(CIF) imports by mode of transport
Total
of which:
Railway transport
Road transport
Sea transport
River transport
51322
57240
38953
46802
3237
32774
8015
315
3297
37928
10312
373
1112
27736
5989
407
1419
32480
7221
495
67
á
DOMESTIC TRADE
Retail1), by group of goods
CANE Rev.2
Total
Food goods
Non-food goods
Retail of fuels
2008
2009
158191.5
135883.2
55479.9
71386.0
31325.6
49098.1
61603.6
25181.5
1) Excluding the sale, maintenance and repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles and the retail in fuels.
Turnover volume indices for retail trade except motor vehicles
and motorcycles, by group of goods
2008 = 100
CAEN Rev.2
2009
20101)
Total
Predominant sales of food goods,
beverages and tobacco
Predominant sales of non-food goods
Retail trade in fuels for motor vehicles,
in specialised stores
85.9
81.3
88.5
86.3
81.9
79.5
80.4
83.4
1) Provisional data resulted from infraanual statistical surveys.
In 2010, the turnover volume indices of the enterprises whose main activities are in the field of retail
except motor vehicles and motorcycles increased by 18.7% as compared to 2008. Decreases were
recorded for predominant sales of non-food goods (20.5%), for the retail in fuels for motor vehicles in
specialised stores (16.6%), and for predominant sales of food goods, beverages and tobacco (18.1%).
Retail, by group of goods
2008
19.8%
2009
18.5%
35.1%
36.1%
Food goods
Non-food goods
Retail of fuels
45.1%
45.4%
68
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
MARKET SERVICES á
Turnover volume indices for market services
mainly provided to the population
2008 = 100
CANE Rev. 2
2009
20101)
Total
of which:
Travel agencies and
tour operators activities;
tourist assistance activities
84.5
95.2
87.1
97.6
75.0
90.0
1) Provisional data resulted from infraanual statistical surveys.
In 2010, the volume index of the market services mainly provided to the population was 4.8% less than
the 2008 average.
Market services mainly renderend to the population, by activity
25.2%
2009
2008
32.3%
24.6%
36.4%
Restaurants
Hotels and other similar
accommodation facilities
Travel and tour operator
agencies activities
Other market services mainly
renderend to the population
18.6%
21.3%
20.4%
21.2%
Income of market services activities
CANE Rev. 2
Market services mainly provided to the population
Market services mainly provided to economic operators
(including transport, storage and communications)
2008
2009
16865.5
14252.3
162289.4
154458.2
69
â
TOURISM
Tourists accommodation
2007
Existing capacity 1) (thou places)
In function (thou places-days)
(thou places-days)
2008
Touristic accommodation capacity
284
294
57138
59188
48995
51395
2009
2010
303
61104
312
63808
54164
57192
Number of tourists accommodated in tourist
accommodation establishments (thou)
Total
of which: foreigners
of total:
6972
1551
7125
1466
6141
1276
6073
1346
6304
6478
5652
5683
Number of overnight stays in tourist
accommodation establishments (thou)
Total
of which: foreigners
of total:
20593
3586
20726
3359
17325
2668
16051
2767
17539
17785
14969
14129
1) On July, 31.
International trips registered at Romania’s borders
thou
14000
13072
12000
10000
8000
11723
10980
8906
7140
6000 5839
10905
8862
7722
7575
7498
6037
4000
2000
0
2005
2006
Arrivals
2007
2008
2009
2010
Departures
In 2010, the number of arrivals of foreign visitors to Romania amounted to 7498 thousand persons
(a decrease of 1.0% as compared to 2009) and the number of departures of Romanian visitors abroad
amounted to 10905 thousand persons (a decrease of 7.0% as compared to 2009).
70
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
TOURISM á
International trips registered at Romania’s borders
2007
2008
2009
2010
Arrivals of foreign visitors to Romania (thou)
Total
of which:
Austria
Bulgaria
Italy
Germany
Republic of Moldova
Turkey
Ukraine
Hungary
7722
8862
7575
7498
218
818
398
473
1110
284
720
1743
210
1114
433
522
1429
303
730
1950
180
877
375
443
1043
258
724
1836
177
786
331
395
1216
265
672
1735
7575
5925
208
1277
164
7498
5906
222
1216
154
11723
9335
214
2147
21
10905
8261
195
2416
19
Arrivals of foreign visitors to Romania,
by means of transport used (thou)
Total
Road
Railway
Air
Naval
7722
5753
275
1460
234
8862
6885
253
1462
262
Departures of Romanian visitors abroad,
by means of transport used (thou)
Total
Road
Railway
Air
Naval
10980
8762
247
1944
27
13072
10381
259
2404
28
Note: Since 2009 international trips registered at the Romanian borders also include by foot trips.
Source: Ministry of Administration and Interior, Romanian Border Police General Inspectorate.
71
á
JUSTICE
number
Judges
Actions entered at Courts
(thou)
- penal (thou)
- civil (thou)
Persons definitively convicted
of which, for:
Infringements against persons
Infringements against the patrimony
Forest infringements
Job infringements
- giving bribe
- taking bribe
- trading on one’s influence
- obtaining undue profits
Infringements against authorities
Economic infringements
Infringements causing damage
to social cohabitation relations
Road traffic infringements
Crime rate
(persons definitively convicted
per 100000 inhabitants)
2)
2007
2008
2009
20101)
4111
4142
3904
4081
1532
246
1286
46127
1597
239
1358
36795
1903
239
1664
34226
2263
244
2019
41891
10195
19518
1614
7246
14837
782
6460
12691
803
7319
14934
1065
89
87
61
1
224
9
58
62
48
4
196
10
45
49
31
1
190
4
68
43
64
256
4
1861
8637
1240
9042
1014
10012
1327
11938
214
171
159
195
2) Infringements against private and public assets.
Source: Superior Council of Magistracy.
The institutions responsible for ensuring the observance and enforcement of the law are the Ministry of
Justice and the Ministry of Administration and Interior.
In 2010, in Romania there were 4081 judges, increasing by 4.5% against previous year and decreasing
with 0.7% against 2007.
Our of total registered causes, in 2010, 89.2% were civil causes. Number of penal and civil causes in
average to be solved by one judge ranged from 373 in 2007 to 555 in 2010.
During the period 2007-2010, the number of persons definitively convicted per 100000 inhabitants
decreased from 214 in 2007 to 195 in 2010.
number
Infringements under police
investigation - total (thou)
Crime rate
(infringements investigated by the
police per 100000 inhabitants)
2007
2008
2009
20101)
281
289
300
293
1307
1345
1397
1366
Source: Romanian Police General Inspectorate within the Ministry of Administration and Interior.
72
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
INTERNATIONAL STATISTICS â
Population, on January 1 (million inhabitants)
Country
2000
2008
2009
2010
2000
Total
EU-27
482.8
Austria
8.0
Belgium
10.2
Bulgaria
8.2
Czech Republic
10.3
Cyprus
0.7
Denmark
5.3
Estonia
1.4
Finland
5.2
France
60.5
Germany
82.2
Greece
10.9
Ireland
3.8
Italy
56.9
Latvia
2.4
Lithuania
3.5
Luxembourg
0.4
Malta
0.4
Netherlands
15.9
Poland
38.7
Portugal
10.2
United Kingdom 58.8
Romania
22.5
Slovakia
5.4
Slovenia
2.0
Spain
40.0
Sweden
8.9
Hungary
10.2
497.71)
8.3
10.7
7.6
10.4
0.8
5.5
1.3
5.3
64.0
82.2
11.2
4.4
59.6
2.3
3.4
0.5
0.4
16.4
38.1
10.6
61.2
21.5
5.4
2.0
45.3
9.2
10.0
499.71)
8.4
10.8
7.6
10.5
0.8
5.5
1.3
5.3
64.4
82.0
11.3
4.5
60.0
2.3
3.3
0.5
0.4
16.5
38.1
10.6
61.6
21.5
5.4
2.0
45.8
9.3
10.0
2008
2009
2010
of which: women
501.11)
8.4
10.8
7.6
10.5
0.8
5.5
1.3
5.4
64.71)
81.8
11.3
4.5
60.3
2.2
3.3
0.5
0.4
16.6
38.2
10.6
62.01)
21.5
5.4
2.0
46.0
9.3
10.0
247.7
4.1
5.2
4.2
5.3
0.4
2.7
0.7
2.6
31.1
42.1
5.5
1.9
29.4
1.3
1.9
0.2
0.2
8.0
19.9
5.3
30.2
11.5
2.8
1.0
20.4
4.5
5.4
254.81)
4.3
5.4
3.9
5.3
0.4
2.8
0.7
2.7
33.0
41.9
5.7
2.2
30.7
1.2
1.8
0.2
0.2
8.3
19.7
5.5
31.2
11.0
2.8
1.0
22.9
4.6
5.3
255.81)
4.3
5.5
3.9
5.3
0.4
2.8
0.7
2.7
33.2
41.8
5.7
2.2
30.9
1.2
1.8
0.2
0.2
8.3
19.7
5.5
31.3
11.0
2.8
1.0
23.2
4.7
5.3
256.51)
4.3
5.5
3.9
5.3
0.4
2.8
0.7
2.7
33.41)
41.7
5.7
2.3
31.1
1.2
1.8
0.3
0.2
8.4
19.7
5.5
31.51)
11.0
2.8
1.0
23.3
4.7
5.3
Source: Eurostat.
73
â
INTERNATIONAL STATISTICS
Live-births
(per 1000 inhabitants)
Country
2000
EU-27
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Cyprus
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
United Kingdom
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Hungary
10.6
9.8
11.3
9.1
8.8
12.2
12.6
9.5
11.0
13.3
9.3
9.5
14.4
9.5
8.5
9.8
13.1
11.0
13.0
9.8
11.7
11.5
10.5
10.2
9.1
9.9
10.2
9.6
2008
2009
10.9
9.3
11.7
10.2
11.5
11.6
11.8
12.0
11.2
13.0
8.31)
10.3
16.9
9.6
10.6
10.4
11.5
10.0
11.2
10.9
9.8
12.9
10.3
10.6
10.82)
11.4
11.9
9.9
10.71)
9.1
11.81)
10.7
11.3
12.01)
11.4
11.8
11.3
12.81)
8.11)
10.51)
16.71)
9.51)
9.6
11.0
11.3
10.0
11.21)
10.9
9.4
12.81)
10.4
11.3
10.71)
10.81)
12.0
9.61)
Natural increase
(per 1000 inhabitants)
2000
0.6
0.2
1.1
-4.9
-1.8
4.5
1.7
-3.9
1.4
4.4
-0.9
-0.2
6.1
-0.2
-5.0
-1.4
4.5
3.4
4.2
0.3
1.4
1.2
-0.9
0.5
-0.2
0.9
-0.3
-3.7
2008
1.2
0.3
2.2
-4.3
1.4
5.1
1.9
-0.5
2.0
4.5
-2.0
0.8
10.6
-0.1
-3.1
-2.6
4.1
2.1
3.0
0.9
0.03
3.5
-1.5
0.8
1.72)
2.9
1.9
-3.1
2009
1.01)
-0.1
2.0
-3.6
1.0
5.5
1.4
-0.2
2.0
4.31)
-2.3
0.9
10.2
-0.4
-3.6
-1.6
4.0
2.2
3.1
0.9
-0.5
3.71)
-1.6
1.5
1.5
2.4
2.3
-3.4
2) Break in the series.
Source: Eurostat.
74
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
Average life expectancy (years)
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Cyprus
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
United Kingdom
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Hungary
2000
2007
2008
2009
78
78
72
75
77
76
71
77
79
78
78
77
79
71
73
78
77
78
73
76
77
71
73
76
78
80
71
80
80
73
77
78
78
73
79
81
79
79
79
81
72
71
80
79
80
75
79
79
73
74
78
80
81
73
80
80
73
77
78
79
73
80
81
80
80
79
82
72
71
80
80
80
76
78
79
73
75
78
81
81
73
80
80
73
77
79
79
74
80
81
80
80
79
82
73
72
80
79
80
76
79
80
73
75
79
81
81
74
Source: World Population Data Sheet, 2010.
75
â
Yearly average inflation rate (%)
Country
EU-27
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Cyprus
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
United Kingdom
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Hungary
2000
2008
2009
2010
1.9
2.0
2.7
10.3
3.9
4.9
2.7
3.9
2.9
1.8
1.4
2.9
5.3
2.6
2.6
1.1
3.8
3.0
2.3
10.1
2.8
0.8
45.7
12.2
8.9
3.5
1.3
10.0
3.7
3.2
4.5
12.0
6.3
4.4
3.6
10.6
3.9
3.2
2.8
4.2
3.1
3.5
15.3
11.1
4.1
4.7
2.2
4.2
2.7
3.6
7.9
3.9
5.5
4.1
3.3
6.0
1.0
0.4
2.5
0.6
0.2
1.1
0.2
1.6
0.1
0.2
1.3
-1.7
0.8
3.3
4.2
1.8
1.0
4.0
-0.9
2.2
5.6
0.9
0.9
-0.2
1.9
4.0
2.1
1.7
2.3
3.0
1.2
2.6
2.2
2.7
1.7
1.7
1.2
4.7
-1.6
1.6
-1.2
1.2
2.8
2.0
0.9
2.7
1.4
3.3
6.1
0.7
2.1
2.0
1.9
4.7
Source: Eurostat.
76
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
EU-27
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Cyprus
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
United Kingdom
Romania 3)
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Hungary
Unemployment rate 1) (%)
Employment rate (%)
Country
2000
2007
2008
2009
2010
62.2
68.5
60.5
50.4
65.0
65.7
76.3
60.4
67.2
62.1
65.6
56.5
65.2
53.7
57.5
59.1
62.7
54.2
72.9
55.0
68.4
71.2
63.6
56.8
62.8
56.3
73.0
56.3
65.4
71.4
62.0
61.7
66.1
71.0
77.1
69.4
70.3
64.6
69.4
61.4
69.1
58.7
68.3
64.9
63.6
55.7
76.0
57.0
67.8
71.3
58.8
60.7
67.8
65.6
74.2
57.3
65.9
72.1
62.4
64.0
66.6
70.9
78.1
69.8
71.1
64.9
70.7
61.9
67.6
58.7
68.6
64.3
63.4
55.3
77.2
59.2
68.2
71.5
59.0
62.3
68.6
64.3
74.3
56.7
64.6
71.6
61.6
62.6
65.4
69.9
75.7
63.5
68.7
64.2
70.9
61.2
61.8
57.5
60.9
60.1
65.2
54.9
77.0
59.3
66.3
69.9
58.6
60.2
67.5
59.8
72.2
55.4
64.2
71.7
62.0
59.7
65.0
69.7
73.4
61.0
68.1
64.0
71.1
59.6
60.0
56.9
59.3
57.8
65.2
56.0
74.72)
59.3
65.6
69.5
58.84)
58.8
66.2
58.6
72.7
55.4
2000
2007
2008
8.6
3.6
6.9
16.4
8.7
4.9
4.3
12.8
9.8
9.1
7.2
11.2
4.2
10.1
13.7
16.4
2.3
6.7
2.8
16.1
4.0
5.3
6.9
18.8
6.7
11.1
5.6
6.4
7.2
4.4
7.5
6.9
5.3
4.0
3.8
4.7
6.9
8.4
8.7
8.3
4.6
6.1
6.0
4.3
4.2
6.4
3.6
9.6
8.1
5.3
6.4
11.1
4.9
8.3
6.1
7.4
7.1
3.8
7.0
5.6
4.4
3.6
3.3
5.5
6.4
7.8
7.5
7.7
6.3
6.7
7.5
5.8
4.9
5.9
3.1
7.1
7.7
5.6
5.8
9.5
4.4
11.3
6.2
7.8
2009 2010
9.0
4.8
7.9
6.8
6.7
5.3
6.0
13.8
8.2
9.5
7.8
9.5
11.9
7.8
17.1
13.7
5.1
7.0
3.7
8.2
9.6
7.6
6.9
12.0
5.9
18.0
8.3
10.0
9.6
4.4
8.3
10.2
7.3
6.5
7.4
16.9
8.4
9.7
7.1
12.6
13.7
8.4
18.7
17.8
4.5
6.8
4.5
9.6
11.0
7.8
7.34)
14.4
7.3
20.1
8.4
11.2
Note: Employment rate calculated for the working age population (15-64 years).
3)Source: Household Labour Force Survey (HLFS).
Source: Eurostat.
77
â
Yearly average gross earnings (euro)
Country
EU-27
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Cyprus
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
United Kingdom
Romania 2)
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Hungary
2000
2007
20081)
20091)
...
...
31644.0
1436.1
...
16334.9
40962.2
...
27398.3
26712.0
37319.0
14721.0
...
...
...
...
35875.0
11658.2
31901.0
...
12619.6
37676.5
1732.0
3583.1
...
17432.0
31620.8
4172.5
...
...
...
2626.0
...
...
53165.0
...
36126.0
...
...
...
...
...
6690.2
...
45284.0
...
...
...
...
46050.5
5062.0
8400.1
...
...
36871.4
8952.0
...
...
...
3368.0
...
...
48499.0
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
8208.0
7514.0
...
15695.0
...
10789.0
...
...
5777.0
9197.0
16711.0
...
35406.0
...
...
...
...
3767.0
10736.0
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
7855.0
7184.0
…
…
40615.0
…
…
…
5221.0
9908.0
17286.0
…
32164.0
…
Note: Yearly average gross earnings for activities related to industry and commercial services.
1) Data according to CANE Rev.2.
2) It contains all size classes, including those with under 10 employees.
… = Data not available.
Source: Eurostat.
78
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
Weight of research and development expenditure
in the Gross Domestic Product (%)
Country
2000
2007
2008
EU-27 1)
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Cyprus
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
United Kingdom
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Hungary
1.86
1.91
1.97
0.52
1.21
0.24
2.24
0.61
3.34
2.15
2.45
...
1.12
1.05
0.44
0.59
1.65
...
1.82
0.64
0.761)
1.85
0.37
0.65
1.41
0.91
...
0.78
1.85
2.52
1.90
0.45
1.54
0.44
2.583)
1.10
3.47
2.07
2.53
0.581)
1.29
1.18
0.59
0.81
1.581)
0.582)
1.81
0.57
1.17
1.78
0.52
0.46
1.45
1.27
3.40
0.97
1.92
2.671);2)
1.962)
0.47
1.47
0.42
2.87
1.29
3.72
2.11
2.68
...
1.45
1.23
0.61
0.80
1.51
0.57
1.76
0.60
1.50
1.77
0.58
0.47
1.653)
1.35
3.701)
1.00
2009
2.01
2.751);2)
1.962)
0.532)
1.53
0.462)
3.021)
1.422)
3.96
2.212)
2.821)
…
1.772)
1.272)
0.46
0.84
1.682)
0.54
1.842)
0.68
1.662)
1.872)
0.474)
0.48
1.86
1.38
3.622)
1.15
1) Eurostat estimates.
4) Semi-final data.
Source: Eurostat.
79
â
Participation in the educational or training process for people
aged 25-64 years (%)
Country
EU-27
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Cyprus
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
United Kingdom
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Hungary
2000
7.11)
8.3
6.2
...
...
3.1
19.4
6.5
17.5
2.8
5.2
1.0
...
4.8
...
2.8
4.8
4.5
15.5
...
3.4
20.5
0.9
...
...
4.1
21.6
2.9
2007
9.5
12.8
7.2
1.3
5.7
8.4
29.2
7.0
23.4
7.5
7.8
2.1
7.6
6.2
7.1
5.3
7.0
6.0
16.6
5.1
4.4
20.03)
1.3
3.9
14.8
10.4
32.42)
3.6
2008
9.4
13.2
6.8
1.4
7.8
8.5
30.0
9.8
23.1
6.0
7.9
2.9
7.1
6.3
6.8
4.9
8.5
6.22)
17.0
4.7
5.3
19.9
1.5
3.3
13.9
10.4
...
3.1
2009
9.32)
13.8
6.8
1.4
6.8
7.8
31.6
10.5
22.1
6.0
7.8
3.3
6.3
6.0
5.3
4.5
13.42)
5.82)
17.0
4.7
6.5
20.1
1.5
2.8
14.6
10.4
22.22)
2.7
Source: Eurostat.
80
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
Weight of households with Internet access (%)
Country
EU-27
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Cyprus
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
United Kingdom
Romania 1)
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Hungary
2007
2008
2009
2010
54
60
60
19
35
39
78
53
69
49
71
25
57
43
51
44
75
54
83
41
40
67
35
46
58
45
79
38
60
69
64
25
46
43
82
58
72
62
75
31
63
47
53
51
80
59
86
48
46
71
36
58
59
51
84
48
65
70
67
30
54
53
83
63
78
63
79
38
67
53
58
60
87
64
90
59
48
77
42
62
64
54
86
55
70
73
73
33
61
54
86
68
81
74
82
46
72
59
60
61
90
70
91
63
54
80
44
67
68
59
88
60
1) Source: Household Survey on Information and Communications Technology.
Source: Eurostat.
81
â
Labour productivity per employed person
- GDP per employed person in PPS (EU-27 = 100) Country
2000
2007
2008
2009
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Cyprus
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
United Kingdom
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Hungary
120.6
136.5
31.1
61.8
84.9
110.5
46.9
114.8
125.0
108.0
93.6
127.6
126.0
40.1
42.7
175.9
96.7
114.4
55.2
71.5
110.7
23.6
58.1
76.1
103.7
114.3
57.8
113.9
126.9
37.3
71.4
85.3
104.3
65.4
113.0
121.3
108.4
97.11)
136.9
110.5
51.4
58.9
179.0
88.7
113.9
61.9
73.6
109.5
43.2
76.2
83.9
103.1
114.3
68.0
114.2
125.5
39.3
72.1
88.5
103.8
64.4
112.5
120.0
107.2
99.81)
127.8
111.5
51.5
61.3
177.7
90.6
114.3
61.9
72.9
108.6
48.7
79.3
84.6
104.2
112.8
71.4
113.2
125.5
39.9
72.9
89.0
103.3
65.5
108.9
120.9
105.1
98.91)
130.5
111.7
53.0
57.3
170.5
91.0
111.2
65.0
75.61)
106.6
47.91)
80.7
82.4
109.8
109.9
72.3
Source: Eurostat.
82
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
Agricultural production indices (1999-2001=100)
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Cyprus
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
United Kingdom
Romania 1)
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Hungary
2000
2007
2008
2009
97
102
96
97
99
100
103
102
100
100
100
99
99
100
106
110
99
101
99
100
101
88
92
99
102
101
93
99
96
67
90
85
102
115
105
92
97
84
96
92
127
111
95
91
95
99
93
95
97
91
95
102
93
84
103
94
92
96
82
106
112
103
95
102
82
95
95
130
114
101
96
98
99
97
100
118
103
97
103
94
105
100
97
86
94
80
107
114
105
97
103
80
92
94
127
117
101
89
100
102
94
98
115
92
95
99
97
95
Source: FAO Statistical Database.
1) According to the Eurostat methodology on “Economic Accounts for Agriculture”.
83
â
Gross domestic product/inhabitant (in PPS1))
Country
EU-27
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Cyprus
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
United Kingdom
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Hungary
2000
2008
2009
19100
25000
24000
5400
13000
16900
25100
8600
22300
22000
22600
16000
25000
22300
7000
7500
46700
15900
25600
9200
15400
22700
5000
9600
15200
18500
24300
10600
25100
31100
28800
10900
20200
24400
30800
17000
29500
26700
29000
235003)
33300
26000
14100
15300
70000
19800
33500
14100
19500
28700
12000
18100
228004)
25900
30800
16200
23600
29300
27400
10400
19200
23200
28400
15000
26600
25400
27400
221003)
29800
24400
12200
12900
64000
19000
30800
14300
189003)
26500
10700 2)
17200
207004)
24300
28000
15300
1) PPS = The PPS (Purchasing Power Standard) represents the reference currency established at the level of
the European Union in order to express the results of the European Comparison Programme.
The PPS is a conventional currency unit which excludes the influence of the differences among countries
in terms of price level.
2) Eurostat forecasts.
5) Semi-final data.
6) Revised data.
Source: Eurostat.
84
ROMANIA IN FIGURES
GDP growth rate (%)
(previous year =100)
2000
3.9
3.7
3.7
5.7
3.6
5.0
3.5
10.0
5.3
3.9
3.2
4.5
9.7
3.7
6.9
3.3
8.4
…
3.9
4.3
3.9
3.9
2.46)
1.4
4.4
5.0
4.5
4.9
2008
0.5
2.2
1.0
6.2
2.5
3.6
-1.1
-5.1
0.9
0.2
1.0
1.03)
-3.5
-1.3
-4.2
2.9
1.4
5.3
1.9
5.1
-0.1
7.3
5.8
3.7
0.9
-0.6
0.8
2009
-4.2
-3.9
-2.8
-5.5
-4.1
-1.7
-5.2
-13.9
-8.2
-2.6
-4.7
-2.03)
-7.6
-5.2
-18.0
-14.7
-3.6
-3.4
-3.9
1.7
-2.53)
-4.9
-7.15)
-4.8
-8.1
-3.7
-5.3
-6.7
General government net
lending / net borrowing - % in GDP
2010
1.8
2.0
2.2
0.2
2.42)
1.0
2.1
3.1
3.1
1.62)
3.6
-4.53)
-1.0
1.3
-0.3
1.3
3.5
3.7
1.8
3.8
1.33)
1.3
-1.33)
4.0
1.2
-0.1
5.5
1.2
2008
-2.4
-0.9
-1.3
1.7
-2.7
0.9
3.2
-2.8
4.2
-3.3
0.1
-9.8
-7.3
-2.7
-4.2
-3.3
3.0
-4.5
0.6
-3.7
-3.5
-5.0
-5.7
-2.1
-1.8
-4.2
2.2
-3.7
2009
2010
-6.8
-4.1
-5.9
-4.7
-5.9
-6.0
-2.7
-1.7
-2.6
-7.5
-3.0
-15.4
-14.3
-5.4
-9.7
-9.5
-0.9
-3.7
-5.5
-7.3
-10.1
-11.4
-8.55)
-8.0
-6.0
-11.1
-0.7
-4.5
-6.4
-4.6
-4.1
-3.2
-4.7
-5.3
-2.7
0.1
-2.5
-7.0
-3.3
-10.5
-32.4
-4.6
-7.7
-7.1
-1.7
-3.6
-5.4
-7.9
-9.1
-10.4
-6.43)
-7.9
-5.6
-9.2
-4.2
85
á
2005=100
Country
EU-27
Austria
Belgium 2)
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Cyprus
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
United Kingdom
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Hungary
Industrial production indices
(total industry, excluding
construction) 1)
Indices of construction
works 1)
2008
2009
2010
2008
2009
2010
...
115.85
112.66
116.97
117.602)
109.84
100.94
110.92
116.52
99.47
112.03
98.72
...
102.28
104.24
115.06
96.64
109.49
105.372)
125.72
99.17
98.07
123.74
139.88
116.03
98.53
103.77
118.40
...
102.23
102.85
96.602)
101.612)
99.75
85.78
84.35
95.54
86.88
93.73
89.862)
...
83.10
85.33
98.27
81.15
93.322)
97.342)
121.02
90.64
88.12
116.95
120.62
95.93
82.60
85.10
97.62
…
109.37
114.14
97.65
111.752)
98.052)
87.33
102.01
101.41
92.19
104.16
83.882)
…
88.53
98.06
104.82
89.99
99.652)
104.302)
134.45
92.22
90.53
123.36
143.342)
102.412)
83.34
93.16
107.79
...
109.33
104.10
178.69
113.55
113.71
98.94
125.26
123.983)
102.69
109.04
127.22
63.62
110.13
125.11
155.18
103.73
122.90
112.88
148.65
88.77
102.44
195.41
136.21
158.09
...
117.87
81.02
...
107.11
97.22
152.77
112.60
101.67
81.52
87.99
107.883)
96.33
108.77
105.05
40.13
97.36
81.39
79.94
104.56
114.66
106.243)
155.67
82.88
90.54
166.02
120.89
125.02
...
113.50
77.49
…
102.74
96.01
125.422)
104.15
93.542)
72.48
77.10
121.453)
93.49
109.40
71.712)
28.072)
94.27
62.33
73.78
104.95
116.122)
94.513)
161.77
75.93
96.182)
143.81
115.37
103.88
…
122.21
69.64
Note: Unadjusted series.
1) Data according to CANE Rev.2.
Source: Eurostat.
86
ROMANIA IN FIGURES

Romania in Figures 2011

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