P - American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Transcription
P - American Academy of Arts and Sciences
P Paabo, Svante (1955-) Election: 2011, FHM Affiliation at election: Max-Planck-Institut für evolutionäre Anthropologie Residence at election: Leipzig, Germany Career description: Evolutionary biologist; Geneticist; Research institution administrator Current affiliation: Same Pabo, Carl O. (1952-) Election: 1993, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Molecular biologist; Geneticist; Educator; Company research administrator Current affiliation: Mill Valley, CA Pacala, Stephen W. (1957-) Election: 2003, Fellow Affiliation at election: Princeton University Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Career description: Ecologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Pace, Jr., Frank (1912-1988) Election: 1958, Fellow Affiliation at election: General Dynamics Corporation Residence at election: Greenwich, CT Career description: U.S. Secretary of the Army; Company executive (broadcasting) Pace, Jr., Norman Richard (1942-) Election: 1991, Fellow Affiliation at election: Indiana University Residence at election: Bloomington, IN Career description: Molecular biologist; Ecologist; Educator Current affiliation: University of Colorado Pacino, Alfredo J. (1940-) Election: 2014, Fellow Affiliation at election: Los Angeles, California Residence at election: Palisades, NY Career description: Actor; Director (stage, film) Current affiliation: Same Packard, Alpheus Spring (1798-1884) Election: 1844, Associate Fellow Affiliation at election: Bowdoin College Residence at election: Brunswick, ME Career description: Educator Packard, Alpheus Spring (1839-1905) Election: 1868, Fellow Affiliation at election: American Naturalist; Peabody Academy of Science Residence at election: Salem, MA Career description: Zoologist; Entomologist; Museum administrator; Educator Packard, David (1912-1996) Election: 1988, Fellow Affiliation at election: Hewlett-Packard Company Residence at election: Palo Alto, CA Career description: Electrical engineer; Company executive Packard, David Woodley (1940-) Election: 2002, Fellow Affiliation at election: Packard Humanities Institute Residence at election: Los Altos, CA Career description: Classicist; Creator of databases of historical texts; Foundation executive Current affiliation: Same Packard, Julie E. (1952-) Election: 2009, Fellow Affiliation at election: Monterey Bay Aquarium; David and Lucile Packard Foundation Residence at election: Monterey, CA Career description: Conservationist; Aquarium founder and executive Current affiliation: Same Packer, Craig (1950-) Election: 2003, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Minnesota Residence at election: St. Paul, MN Career description: Behavioral ecologist; Mammalogist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Padelford, Norman Judson (1903-1982) Election: 1952, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Political scientist; Educator Paducheva, Elena V. (1935-) Election: 1975, FHM Affiliation at election: Academy of Sciences of the USSR Residence at election: Moscow, USSR Career description: Linguist; Research institution staff member; Educator Current affiliation: Russian Academy of Sciences Page, Benjamin Ingrim (1940-) Election: 2003, Fellow Affiliation at election: Northwestern University Residence at election: Evanston, IL Career description: Political scientist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Page, Charles Grafton (1812-1868) Election: 1842, Associate Fellow Affiliation at election: U.S. Patent Office Residence at election: Washington, DC Career description: Physicist; Inventor; Patent expert Page, Curtis Hidden (1870-1946) Election: 1928, Fellow Affiliation at election: Dartmouth College Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Language and literary scholar; Educator; Legislator Page, David Conrad (1956-) Election: 2011, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Residence at election: Winchester, MA Career description: Biologist; Educator; Academic research institution administrator Current affiliation: Same Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 1780-2016 442 Page, Denys Lionel (1908-1978) Election: 1972, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Cambridge Residence at election: Cambridge, England Career description: Classicist; Educator; Academic administrator Page, Thomas Nelson (1853-1922) Election: 1918, Fellow Affiliation at election: U.S. Department of State Residence at election: Washington, DC Career description: Lawyer; Writer (novelist, essayist); Diplomat Page, Irvine Heinly (1901-1991) Election: 1957, Fellow Affiliation at election: Cleveland Clinic Foundation Residence at election: Cleveland, OH Career description: Physician; Foundation research scientist and administrator Page, Walter Hines (1855-1918) Election: 1918, Fellow Affiliation at election: U.S. Department of State Residence at election: Garden City, NY Career description: Journalist; Editor; Publisher; Diplomat Page, Larry (1973-) Election: 2005, Fellow Affiliation at election: Google Corporation Residence at election: Mountain View, CA Career description: Computer and information scientist; Company executive (information technology) Current affiliation: Same Pagels, Elaine Hiesey (1943-) Election: 1992, Fellow Affiliation at election: Princeton University Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Career description: Historian (religion); Educator Current affiliation: Same Page, Leigh (1884-1952) Election: 1934, Fellow Affiliation at election: Yale University Residence at election: New Haven, CT Career description: Physicist; Educator Paget, James (1814-1899) Election: 1877, FHM Affiliation at election: Royal College of Surgeons Residence at election: Career description: Surgeon; Pathologist Paine, Susan Woods (1940-) Election: 2014, Fellow Affiliation at election: Museum of Fine Arts Boston Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Museum administrator (art); Cultural institution board member and advocate Current affiliation: Same Paine, Elijah (1757-1842) Election: 1812, Fellow Affiliation at election: U.S. Government Residence at election: Williamstown, VT Career description: Businessperson; Jurist; Paine, William (1750-1833) Election: 1791, Fellow Affiliation at election: Salem, MA Residence at election: Salem, MA Career description: Physician Paine, Henry Warren (1810-1893) Election: 1871, Fellow Affiliation at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Lawyer Painter, Nell Irvin (1942-) Election: 2007, Fellow Affiliation at election: Princeton University Residence at election: Newark, NJ Career description: Historian; Educator Current affiliation: Same Page, Jr., Lyman Alexander (1957-) Election: 2004, Fellow Affiliation at election: Princeton University Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Career description: Astrophysicist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Page, Jr., Robert Eugene (1949-) Election: 2006, Fellow Affiliation at election: Arizona State University Residence at election: Mesa, AZ Career description: Sociogeneticist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Page, Scott E. (1963-) Election: 2011, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Michigan Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Career description: Political scientist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Paine, John Knowles (1839-1906) Election: 1871, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Musician (composer, performer); Educator Paine, Robert T. (1933-2016) Election: 1999, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Washington Residence at election: Seattle, WA Career description: Zoologist; Ecologist; Educator Paine, Jr., Robert Treat (1900-1965) Election: 1953, Fellow Affiliation at election: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Museum curator Paine, Robert Treat (1731-1814) Election: 1780, Fellow Affiliation at election: State of Massachusetts Residence at election: Taunton, MA Career description: Lawyer; Member, Continental Congress; Jurist Paine, Robert Treat (1803-1885) Election: 1830, Fellow Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Lawyer; Astronomer; Surveyor Painter, Sidney (1902-1960) Election: 1958, Fellow Affiliation at election: Johns Hopkins University Residence at election: Baltimore, MD Career description: Historian; Educator Pais, Abraham (1918-2000) Election: 1972, Fellow Affiliation at election: Rockefeller University Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Physicist; Educator Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 1780-2016 443 Pake, George Edward (1924-2004) Election: 1966, Fellow Affiliation at election: Washington University in St. Louis Residence at election: St. Louis, MO Career description: Physicist; Educator; Academic administrator; Company executive Palese, Peter (1944-) Election: 2014, Fellow Affiliation at election: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Microbiologist; Virologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Pakes, Ariel (1949-) Election: 2002, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Economist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Paley, Grace (1922-2007) Election: 2002, Fellow Affiliation at election: Thetford, VT Residence at election: Thetford, VT Career description: Writer (short story writer, poet); Educator Pal, Yash (1926-) Election: 1991, FHM Affiliation at election: University Grants Commission, India Residence at election: New Delhi, India Career description: Physicist; Research organization staff member and administrator; Communications and academic administrator Current affiliation: New Delhi, India Palfrey, Thomas R. (1953-) Election: 2008, Fellow Affiliation at election: California Institute of Technology Residence at election: Pasadena, CA Career description: Political scientist; Economist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Palache, Charles (1869-1954) Election: 1903, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Mineralogist; Educator Palacios, Alfredo Lorenzo (1879-1965) Election: 1945, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Buenos Aires; University of La Plata Residence at election: Buenos Aires, Argentina Career description: Lawyer; Educator; Academic administrator; Legislator; Diplomat Palade, George Emil (1912-2008) Election: 1957, Fellow Affiliation at election: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Cell biologist; Educator Palay, Sanford Louis (1918-2002) Election: 1963, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical School Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Neuroanatomist; Educator Palgrave, Francis (1788-1861) Election: 1834, FHM Affiliation at election: London, England Residence at election: London, England Career description: Historian; Editor; Lawyer; Public official (records administrator) Palisca, Claude Victor (1921-2001) Election: 1986, Fellow Affiliation at election: Yale University Residence at election: New Haven, CT Career description: Musicologist; Educator Palloni, Alberto (1949-) Election: 2005, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Wisconsin, Madison Residence at election: Madison, WI Career description: Demographer; Educator Current affiliation: Same Palmer, George Herbert (1842-1933) Election: 1912, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Philosopher; Educator Palmer, Jeffrey Donald (1955-) Election: 1999, Fellow Affiliation at election: Indiana University Residence at election: Bloomington, IN Career description: Molecular biologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Palmer, Robert Roswell (1909-2002) Election: 1958, Fellow Affiliation at election: Princeton University Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Career description: Historian; Educator Palmer, Walter Walker (1882-1950) Election: 1937, Fellow Affiliation at election: Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons; Presbyterian Hospital Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Physician; Educator; Hospital and research institution administrator Palmisano, Samuel J. (1951-) Election: 2010, Fellow Affiliation at election: International Business Machines Corporation Residence at election: Armonk, NY Career description: Company executive (information technology) Current affiliation: Same Palmiter, Richard Deforest (1942-) Election: 1988, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Washington Residence at election: Seattle, WA Career description: Molecular geneticist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Pamuk, Orhan (1952-) Election: 2008, FHM Affiliation at election: Columbia University Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Writer (novelist), Educator Current affiliation: Istanbul, Turkey Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 1780-2016 444 Panagiotopoulos, Athanassios Z. (1960-) Election: 2012, Fellow Affiliation at election: Princeton University Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Career description: Chemical engineer; Educator Current affiliation: Same Papayannopoulou, Thalia (1937-) Election: 2004, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Washington Residence at election: Seattle, WA Career description: Hematologist; Cell biologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Pardue, Mary Lou (1933-) Election: 1985, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Cellular and developmental biologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Paneth, Friedrich Adolf (1887-1958) Election: 1933, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Konigsberg Residence at election: Konigsberg, Germany Career description: Chemist; Educator; Research institution administrator Papp, Joseph (1921-1991) Election: 1987, Fellow Affiliation at election: New York, NY Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Theater producer and director Paret, Peter (1924-) Election: 1986, Fellow Affiliation at election: Stanford University Residence at election: Stanford, CA Career description: Historian; Educator Current affiliation: Institute for Advanced Study Panofsky, Erwin (1892-1968) Election: 1948, Fellow Affiliation at election: Institute for Advanced Study Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Career description: Historian (art); Educator Panofsky, Wolfgang Kurt Hermann (1919-2007) Election: 1962, Fellow Affiliation at election: Stanford University Residence at election: Stanford, CA Career description: Physicist; Educator; Academic research institution administrator Papadimitriou, Christos (1949-) Election: 2001, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of California, Berkeley Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Career description: Computer scientist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Papanicolaou, George (1943-) Election: 2000, Fellow Affiliation at election: Stanford University Residence at election: Stanford, CA Career description: Mathematician; Educator Current affiliation: Same Pappenheimer, Jr., Alwin Max (19081995) Election: 1957, Fellow Affiliation at election: New York University School of Medicine Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Biochemist; Educator; Academic administrator Pappenheimer, John Richard (19152007) Election: 1954, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Physiologist; Educator Parada, Luis Fernando (1954-) Election: 2007, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Residence at election: Dallas, TX Career description: Developmental biologist; Neuroscientist Current affiliation: Same Pardee, Arthur Beck (1921-) Election: 1963, Fellow Affiliation at election: Princeton University Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Career description: Biochemist; Educator Current affiliation: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Pardes, Herbert (1934-) Election: 2002, Fellow Affiliation at election: New YorkPresbyterian Hospital Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Psychiatrist; Educator; Government agency, academic, and hospital administrator Current affiliation: Same Parfit, Derek Antony (1942-) Election: 1992, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Oxford Residence at election: Oxford, England Career description: Philosopher; Academic research institution staff member; Educator Current affiliation: Same Paris, Gaston Bruno Paulin (1839-1903) Election: 1901, FHM Affiliation at election: Collège de France Residence at election: Paris, France Career description: Philologist; Language and literary scholar; Educator; Academic administrator Park, Charles Edwards (1873-1962) Election: 1917, Fellow Affiliation at election: First Unitarian Church of Boston Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Clergy member Park, Charles Francis (1869-1944) Election: 1915, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Mechanical engineer; Educator; Academic and research institution administrator Park, Edwards Albert (1877-1969) Election: 1966, Fellow Affiliation at election: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Residence at election: Baltimore, MD Career description: Pediatrician; Educator Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 1780-2016 445 Park, James Theodore (1922-2015) Election: 1963, Fellow Affiliation at election: Tufts University School of Medicine Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Microbiologist; Educator Parker, George Howard (1864-1955) Election: 1895, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Zoologist; Educator; Academic research institution administrator Park, Katharine (1950-) Election: 2002, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Historian (science, medicine); Educator Current affiliation: Same Parker, Herbert (1856-1939) Election: 1931, Fellow Affiliation at election: South Lancaster, MA Residence at election: South Lancaster, MA Career description: Lawyer; Government official Park, Robert Ezra (1864-1944) Election: 1933, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Chicago Residence at election: Chicago, IL Career description: Sociologist; Educator; Journalist Park, William Edgar (1909-1987) Election: 1960, Fellow Affiliation at election: Simmons College Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Clergy member; Academic administrator Parker, Charles Pomeroy (1852-1916) Election: 1910, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Classicist; Educator Parker, DeWitt Henry (1885-1949) Election: 1949, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Michigan Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Career description: Philosopher; Educator Parker, Eugene Newman (1927-) Election: 1970, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Chicago Residence at election: Chicago, IL Career description: Astrophysicist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Parker, Isaac (1768-1830) Election: 1811, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Jurist; Educator Parker, Joel (1795-1875) Election: 1853, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Jurist; Educator Parker, Philip Stanley (1867-1939) Election: 1936, Fellow Affiliation at election: Brookline District Court Residence at election: Brookline, MA Career description: Lawyer; Jurist; Government official Parker, Roy R. (1957-) Election: 2010, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Arizona; Howard Hughes Medical Institute Residence at election: Tucson, AZ Career description: Molecular biologist; Educator Current affiliation: University of Colorado Boulder; Howard Hughes Medical Insitute Parker, William Nelson (1919-2000) Election: 1987, Fellow Affiliation at election: Yale University Residence at election: New Haven, CT Career description: Economist; Educator Parkes, Samuel (1761-1825) Election: 1823, FHM Affiliation at election: London, England Residence at election: London, England Career description: Chemist; Businessperson Parkin, Stuart Stephen Papworth (1955) Election: 2009, Fellow Affiliation at election: IBM Almaden Research Center Residence at election: San Jose, CA Career description: Experimental physicist; Inventor; Educator; Research institution administrator Current affiliation: Same Parkman, Francis (1823-1893) Election: 1855, Fellow Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Historian Parkman, Jr., Henry (1894-1958) Election: 1936, Fellow Affiliation at election: Parkman, Robbins and Russell; State of Massachusetts Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Lawyer; Government official; Legislator Parkman, Samuel (1816-1854) Election: 1853, Fellow Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Physician; Educator Parks, Leighton (1852-1938) Election: 1918, Fellow Affiliation at election: St. Bartholomew’s Church Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Clergy member Parmenter, Charles Stedman (1933-) Election: 1996, Fellow Affiliation at election: Indiana University Residence at election: Bloomington, IN Career description: Chemist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 1780-2016 446 Parodi, Lorenzo Raimundo (1895-1966) Election: 1942, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Buenos Aires; University of La Plata Residence at election: Buenos Aires, Argentina Career description: Botanist; Agronomist; Educator; Museum and research institution administrator Parr, Robert Ghormley (1921-) Election: 1982, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Residence at election: Chapel Hill, NC Career description: Chemist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Parrinello, Michele (1945-) Election: 2012, FHM Affiliation at election: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich Residence at election: Carabbia, Switzerland Career description: Computational Chemist Current affiliation: Same Parrish, John A. (1939-) Election: 2013, Fellow Affiliation at election: Center for Integration of Medicine and Innovative Technology Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Dermatologist; Medical scientist; Research institution founder and executive (photomedicine); Current affiliation: Same Parry, John Horace (1914-1982) Election: 1967, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Historian; Educator; Academic administrator Parry, Milman (1902-1935) Election: 1932, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Belmont, MA Career description: Philologist; Classicist; Educator Parshall, George William (1929-) Election: 1986, Fellow Affiliation at election: E. I. Du Pont de Nemours & Company Residence at election: Wilmington, DE Career description: Chemist; Company research administrator Current affiliation: Same Parsons, Charles Dacre (1933-) Election: 1982, Fellow Affiliation at election: Columbia University Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Philosopher; Educator Current affiliation: Harvard University Parsons, Richard (1948-) Election: 1999, Fellow Affiliation at election: Time-Warner, Inc. Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Lawyer; Company executive Current affiliation: Providence Equity; Los Angeles Clippers Parsons, Talcott (1902-1979) Election: 1945, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Belmont, MA Career description: Sociologist; Educator; Academic administrator Parsons, Terence Dwight (1939-) Election: 2007, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of California, Los Angeles Residence at election: Irvine, CA Career description: Philosopher; Educator Current affiliation: Same Parsons, Theodore (1751-1779) Election: 1780, Fellow Affiliation at election: Newbury, MA Residence at election: Newbury, MA Career description: Physician Parsons, Theophilus (1750-1813) Election: 1781, Fellow Affiliation at election: Newburyport, MA Residence at election: Newburyport, MA Career description: Lawyer; Jurist Parsons, Theophilus (1797-1882) Election: 1845, Fellow Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Lawyer; Educator Parsons, Thomas William (1819-1892) Election: 1869, Fellow Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Writer (poet); Translator; Dentist Parsons, William Barclay (1859-1932) Election: 1914, Fellow Affiliation at election: New York, NY Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Civil engineer; Government agency administrator Partee, Barbara Hall (1940-) Election: 1984, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Massachusetts Residence at election: Amherst, MA Career description: Linguist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Partridge, George (1740-1828) Election: 1780, Fellow Affiliation at election: Duxbury, MA; Continental Congress Residence at election: Duxbury, MA Career description: Government official; Legislator Partridge, Linda (1950-) Election: 2010, FHM Affiliation at election: University College London; Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing Residence at election: London, England Career description: Evolutionary biologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Parzinger, Hermann (1959-) Election: 2014, FHM Affiliation at election: Stiftung Preußischer Kulturbesitz Residence at election: Berlin, Germany Career description: Archaeologist; Cultural institution administrator Current affiliation: Same Paschen, Friedrich (Louis Carl Heinrich Friedrich) (1865-1947) Election: 1928, FHM Affiliation at election: PhysikalischTechnische Reichsanstalt, Charlottenburg, Berlin Residence at election: Berlin, Germany Career description: Physicist; Educator; Academic administrator Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 1780-2016 447 Passmore, John Arthur (1914-2004) Election: 1974, FHM Affiliation at election: Australian National University Residence at election: Canberra, Australia Career description: Philosopher; Educator Pastan, Ira Harry (1931-) Election: 1992, Fellow Affiliation at election: National Cancer Institute Residence at election: Bethesda, MD Career description: Molecular biologist; Government research agency administrator Current affiliation: Same Patel, Dinshaw J. (1942-) Election: 2014, Fellow Affiliation at election: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Structural biologist; Research institution scientist Current affiliation: Same Pateman, Carole (1940-) Election: 1996, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of California, Los Angeles Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Career description: Political scientist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Paterson, William (1745-1806) Election: 1801, Fellow Affiliation at election: Supreme Court of the United States Residence at election: Brunswick, NJ Career description: Lawyer; Governor of New Jersey; U.S. Senator; Jurist (U.S. Supreme Court) Louis Pasteur, elected 1883, FHM. Image donated by Corbis-Bettmann Pasteur, Louis (1822-1895) Election: 1883, FHM Affiliation at election: Sorbonne Residence at election: Paris, France Career description: Microbiologist; Chemist; Educator Patch, Howard Rollin (1889-1963) Election: 1933, Fellow Affiliation at election: Smith College Residence at election: Northampton, MA Career description: Language and literary scholar; Educator Patel, (Chandra) Kumar Naranbhai (1938-) Election: 1976, Fellow Affiliation at election: Bell Telephone Laboratories Residence at election: Murray Hill, NJ Career description: Physicist; Company research administrator; Educator Current affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles Patinkin, Don (1922-1995) Election: 1969, FHM Affiliation at election: Hebrew University of Jerusalem Residence at election: Jerusalem, Israel Career description: Economist; Educator; Research institution administrator Paton, William Andrew (1889-1991) Election: 1942, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Michigan Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Career description: Economist; Accountant; Educator Patrick, Ruth (1907-2013) Election: 1976, Fellow Affiliation at election: Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; University of Pennsylvania Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Career description: Limnologist; Curator; Educator Patten, Christopher Francis (1944-) Election: 1998, FHM Affiliation at election: Independent Commission on Policing of Northern Ireland Residence at election: Cordes, France Career description: Member of Parliament (England); Governor of Hong Kong Current affiliation: London, England Patten, William (1861-1932) Election: 1921, Fellow Affiliation at election: Dartmouth College Residence at election: Hanover, NH Career description: Zoologist; Paleontologist; Educator Patterson, Annabel M. (1936-) Election: 2000, Fellow Affiliation at election: Yale University Residence at election: New Haven, CT Career description: Language and literary scholar; Educator Current affiliation: Same Patterson, Bryan (1909-1979) Election: 1956, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Paleontologist; Educator; Museum curator Patterson, David Andrew (1947-) Election: 2006, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of California, Berkeley Residence at election: Kensington, CA Career description: Computer scientist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Patterson, James Tyler (1935-) Election: 1997, Fellow Affiliation at election: Brown University Residence at election: Providence, RI Career description: Historian; Educator Current affiliation: Same Patterson, Orlando (1940-) Election: 1991, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Sociologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 1780-2016 448 Patterson, Robert Maskell (1787-1854) Election: 1834, Associate Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Virginia Residence at election: Charlottesville, VA Career description: Chemist; Natural philosopher; Educator; Government agency administrator Pauli, Wolfgang Ernst (1900-1958) Election: 1950, FHM Affiliation at election: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Residence at election: Zurich, Switzerland Career description: Physicist; Educator Patterson, Robert Porter (1891-1952) Election: 1939, Fellow Affiliation at election: U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Lawyer; Jurist; Government official Pattison, Mark (1813-1884) Election: 1876, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Oxford Residence at election: Oxford, England Career description: Historian; Religion and literary scholar; Educator; Academic administrator Pauck, Wilhelm (1901-1981) Election: 1959, Fellow Affiliation at election: Union Theological Seminary Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Theologian; Educator Paul, John Rodman (1893-1971) Election: 1951, Fellow Affiliation at election: Yale University Residence at election: New Haven, CT Career description: Physician; Epidemiologist; Educator Paul, William Erwin (1936-2015) Election: 1993, Fellow Affiliation at election: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Residence at election: Bethesda, MD Career description: Immunologist; Government research institution administrator Paul, Wolfgang (1913-1993) Election: 1991, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Bonn Residence at election: Bonn, Germany Career description: Physicist; Educator; Research institution administrator; Foundation executive Linus Carl Pauling, elected 1944. Image donated by CorbisBettmann Pauling, Linus Carl (1901-1994) Election: 1944, Fellow Affiliation at election: California Institute of Technology Residence at election: Pasadena, CA Career description: Physical chemist; Educator; Academic administrator Paulson, Ronald Howard (1930-) Election: 1980, Fellow Affiliation at election: Yale University Residence at election: New Haven, CT Career description: Language and literary scholar; Educator Current affiliation: Johns Hopkins University Pavel, Thomas (1941-) Election: 1999, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Chicago Residence at election: Chicago, IL Career description: Language and literary scholar; Educator Current affiliation: Same Pavletich, Nikola Panayot (1964-) Election: 2014, Fellow Affiliation at election: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Structural biologist; Research institution scientist Current affiliation: Same Pawson, Anthony James (1952-2013) Election: 2004, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Toronto; Mount Sinai Hospital Residence at election: Toronto, Ontario, Canada Career description: Cell biologist; Geneticist; Educator; Research institution staff member and administrator Paxton, Robert Owen (1932-) Election: 1981, Fellow Affiliation at election: Columbia University Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Historian; Educator Current affiliation: Same Payne, Stanley G. (1934-) Election: 1997, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Wisconsin, Madison Residence at election: Madison, WI Career description: Historian; Educator Current affiliation: Same Payne-Gaposchkin, Cecilia Helena (1900-1979) Election: 1943, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Lexington, MA Career description: Astronomer; Educator; Academic administrator Payson, Phillips (1736-1801) Election: 1780, Fellow Affiliation at election: Chelsea, MA Residence at election: Chelsea, MA Career description: Clergy member Paz, Octavio (1914-1998) Election: 1975, FHM Affiliation at election: Mexico City, Mexico Residence at election: Mexico City, Mexico Career description: Writer (poet, essayist); Educator; Diplomat Peabody, Andrew Preston (1811-1893) Election: 1861, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Clergy member; Educator Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 1780-2016 449 Peabody, Cecil Hobart (1855-1934) Election: 1889, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Engineer; Naval architect; Educator Peabody, Endicott (1857-1944) Election: 1918, Fellow Affiliation at election: Groton School Residence at election: Groton, MA Career description: Clergy member; Educator; Academic administrator Peabody, Ephraim (1807-1856) Election: 1854, Fellow Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Clergy member Peabody, Francis (1801-1867) Election: 1843, Fellow Affiliation at election: Salem, MA Residence at election: Salem, MA Career description: Businessperson Peabody, Francis Greenwood (18471936) Election: 1918, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Divinity School Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Clergy member; Theologian; Educator; Academic administrator Peabody, Francis Weld (1881-1927) Election: 1921, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical School; Peter Bent Brigham Hospital Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Physician; Educator; Research institution administrator Peabody, Robert Swain (1845-1917) Election: 1912, Fellow Affiliation at election: Peabody and Stearns, Architects Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Architect; Company executive Peacock III, James Lowe (1937-) Election: 1995, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Residence at election: Chapel Hill, NC Career description: Anthropologist; Educator; Academic research agency administrator Current affiliation: Same Peacocke, Christopher Arthur Bruce (1950-) Election: 2010, Fellow Affiliation at election: Columbia University Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Philosopher; Educator Current affiliation: Same Pearce, David G. (1956-) Election: 2011, Fellow Affiliation at election: New York University Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Economist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Pearce, Edward (1833-1899) Election: 1864, Fellow Affiliation at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Businessperson Pearce, Roy Harvey (1919-2012) Election: 1966, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of California, San Diego Residence at election: La Jolla, CA Career description: Language and literary scholar; Educator Pearl, Judea (1936-) Election: 2012, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of California, Los Angeles Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Career description: Computer Scientist; Artificial intelligence researcher; Educator Current affiliation: Same Pearl, Raymond (1879-1940) Election: 1919, Fellow Affiliation at election: U.S. Food Administration; Johns Hopkins University Residence at election: Washington, DC Career description: Biologist; Statistician; Educator; Research institution administrator Pearlstein, Philip (1924-) Election: 1998, Fellow Affiliation at election: New York, NY Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Artist (painter) Current affiliation: Same Pearlstine, Norman (1942-) Election: 1997, Fellow Affiliation at election: Time, Inc. Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Journalist; Editor Current affiliation: Time Inc. Pears, David Francis (1921-2009) Election: 1996, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Oxford Residence at election: Oxford, England Career description: Philosopher; Educator Pearsall, Derek Albert (1931-) Election: 1992, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Language and literary scholar; Educator Current affiliation: York, England Pearse, Langdon (1877-1956) Election: 1928, Fellow Affiliation at election: Sanitary District of Chicago Residence at election: Chicago, IL Career description: Engineer; Government official Pearson, Eliphalet (1752-1826) Election: 1781, Fellow Affiliation at election: Phillips Academy Residence at election: Andover, MA Career description: Educator Pearson, Karl (1857-1936) Election: 1928, FHM Affiliation at election: University College Residence at election: London, England Career description: Statistician; Eugenicist; Educator; Research institution administrator Pearson, Lester Bowles (1897-1972) Election: 1957, FHM Affiliation at election: Government of Canada Residence at election: Ottawa, Canada Career description: Diplomat; Government official; Legislator; Academic administrator Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 1780-2016 450 Pease, Arthur Stanley (1881-1964) Election: 1932, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Classicist; Educator; Museum curator Peccei, Roberto D. (1942-) Election: 2016, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of California, Los Angeles Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Career description: Particle theorist; Educator Current affiliation: same Pechman, Joseph Aaron (1918-1989) Election: 1973, Fellow Affiliation at election: Brookings Institution Residence at election: Washington, DC Career description: Economist; Educator; Government official; Foundation research administrator Peck, Ralph Brazelton (1912-2008) Election: 1975, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Residence at election: Urbana, IL Career description: Civil engineer; Educator Peck, William Dandridge (1763-1822) Election: 1793, Fellow Affiliation at election: Kittery, ME Residence at election: Kittery, ME Career description: Naturalist; Educator Pecora, William Thomas (1913-1972) Election: 1965, Fellow Affiliation at election: U.S. Geological Survey Residence at election: Washington, DC Career description: Geologist; Government research scientist and administrator; Government official Pedersen, Susan G. (1960-) Election: 2016, Fellow Affiliation at election: Columbia University Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Historian; Educator Current affiliation: same Pederson, Donald Oscar (1925-2004) Election: 1991, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of California, Berkeley Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Career description: Electrical engineer; Educator Pedlosky, Joseph (1938-) Election: 1996, Fellow Affiliation at election: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Residence at election: Woods Hole, MA Career description: Oceanographer; Research institution staff member; Educator Current affiliation: Same Peebles, P. James E. (Phillip James E.) (1935-) Election: 1977, Fellow Affiliation at election: Princeton University Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Career description: Astronomer; Educator Current affiliation: Same Peers, Edgar Allison (1891-1952) Election: 1931, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Liverpool Residence at election: Liverpool, England Career description: Language and literary scholar; Educator Pei, Ieoh Ming (1917-) Election: 1967, Fellow Affiliation at election: I. M. Pei & Partners Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Architect Current affiliation: Pei Cobb Freed & Partners Peirce, Benjamin Osgood (1854-1914) Election: 1884, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Mathematician; Physicist; Educator Peirce, Charles Santiago Sanders (18391914) Election: 1867, Fellow Affiliation at election: U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Philosopher; Mathematician; Government and academic research agency staff member Peirce, George James (1868-1954) Election: 1927, Fellow Affiliation at election: Stanford University Residence at election: Stanford, CA Career description: Botanist; Educator Peirce, James Mills (1834-1906) Election: 1862, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Mathematician; Educator; Academic administrator Peirson, Abel Lawrence (1794-1853) Election: 1829, Fellow Affiliation at election: Salem, MA Residence at election: Salem, MA Career description: Physician; Surgeon Pekeris, Chaim Leib (1908-1993) Election: 1971, FHM Affiliation at election: Weizmann Institute of Science Residence at election: Rehovoth, Israel Career description: Astrophysicist; Geophysicist; Educator Peierls, Rudolf Ernst (1907-1995) Election: 1962, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Birmingham Residence at election: Birmingham, England Career description: Physicist; Educator Pelikan, Jaroslav Jan (1923-2006) Election: 1966, Fellow Affiliation at election: Yale University Residence at election: New Haven, CT Career description: Historian; Educator Peirce, Benjamin (1809-1880) Election: 1834, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Mathematician; Astronomer; Educator Pellegrino, James W. (1947-) Election: 2016, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Illinois at Chicago Residence at election: Chicago, IL Career description: Cognitive psychologist; Educator Current affiliation: same Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 1780-2016 451 Peltason, Jack Walter (1923-2015) Election: 1981, Fellow Affiliation at election: American Council on Education Residence at election: Washington, DC Career description: Educator; Academic administrator; Foundation executive Pelzel, John Campbell (1914-1999) Election: 1961, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Anthropologist; Educator; Museum curator; Research institution administrator Pender, Harold (1879-1959) Election: 1913, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Electrical engineer; Educator; Academic administrator Pendry, John Brian (1943-) Election: 2012, Fellow Affiliation at election: Imperial College London Residence at election: Cobham, England Career description: Physicist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Penfield, Samuel Lewis (1856-1906) Election: 1893, Associate Fellow Affiliation at election: Yale University Residence at election: New Haven, CT Career description: Mineralogist; Educator Penfield, Wilder Graves (1891-1976) Election: 1950, FHM Affiliation at election: McGill University; Montreal Neurological Institute Residence at election: Montreal, Canada Career description: Neurosurgeon; Educator; Academic and hospital administrator Penhoet, Edward E. (1940-) Election: 2009, Fellow Affiliation at election: Alta Partners Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Career description: Biochemist; Company founder and executive (biotechnology); Educator; Academic administrator Current affiliation: Same Penman, Sheldon (1930-) Election: 1975, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Cell biologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Penner, Stanford Solomon (1921-) Election: 1969, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of California, San Diego Residence at election: La Jolla, CA Career description: Aeronautical and astronautical engineer; Educator; Academic administrator Current affiliation: Same Penny, Nicholas Beaver (1949-) Election: 2007, Fellow Affiliation at election: National Gallery of Art Residence at election: Washington, DC Career description: Museum curator; Art historian Current affiliation: Same Penzias, Arno Allan (1933-) Election: 1975, Fellow Affiliation at election: Bell Telephone Laboratories Residence at election: Holmdel, NJ Career description: Astronomer; Physicist; Company research staff member and administrator Current affiliation: AT&T Bell Laboratories Pepper, George Wharton (1867-1961) Election: 1901, Associate Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Pennsylvania Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Career description: Lawyer; Educator; Government official Pepper, Stephen Coburn (1891-1972) Election: 1956, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of California, Berkeley Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Career description: Philosopher; Educator Perahia, Murray (1947-) Election: 2015, Fellow Affiliation at election: Academy of St. Martin in the Fields; Jerusalem Music Centre Residence at election: London, England Career description: Musician (piano, conductor); Cultural institution administrator Current affiliation: Same Percival, Thomas (1740-1804) Election: 1789, FHM Affiliation at election: Manchester, England Residence at election: Manchester, England Career description: Physician Percival, Walter Keith (1930-) Election: 1991, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Kansas Residence at election: Lawrence, KS Career description: Linguist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Percy, Walker (1916-1990) Election: 1972, Fellow Affiliation at election: Covington, LA Residence at election: Covington, LA Career description: Writer (novelist) Perdue, Peter C. (1949-) Election: 2007, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Residence at election: Jamaica Plain, MA Career description: Historian; Educator Current affiliation: Yale University Perelson, Alan S. (1947-) Election: 1999, Fellow Affiliation at election: Los Alamos National Laboratory Residence at election: Los Alamos, NM Career description: Mathematician; Biologist; Government research institution staff member Current affiliation: Same Perez, Louis A. (1943-) Election: 2008, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Residence at election: Chapel Hill, NC Career description: Historian; Educator Current affiliation: Same Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 1780-2016 452 Perez-Diaz, Victor (1938-) Election: 2006, FHM Affiliation at election: Analistas SocioPoliticos Residence at election: Madrid, Spain Career description: Sociologist; Educator; Research institution administrator Current affiliation: Same Perez-Firmat, Gustavo Francisco (1949-) Election: 2004, Fellow Affiliation at election: Columbia University Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Language and literary scholar; Educator; Writer (poet, fiction writer) Current affiliation: Same Perham, Margery Freda (1895-1982) Election: 1969, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Oxford Residence at election: Oxford, England Career description: Political scientist; Historian; Educator; Academic administrator Perkin, Richard Scott (1906-1969) Election: 1955, Fellow Affiliation at election: Perkin-Elmer Corporation Residence at election: Norwalk, CT Career description: Scientific instrument manufacturer; Company executive Perkin, Jr., William Henry (1860-1929) Election: 1919, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Oxford Residence at election: Oxford, England Career description: Organic chemist; Educator; Academic administrator Perkins, Charles Callahan (1823-1886) Election: 1870, Fellow Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Art critic; Cultural organizer Perkins, Courtland Davis (1912-2008) Election: 1977, Fellow Affiliation at election: National Academy of Engineering; Princeton University Residence at election: Washington, DC Career description: Aeronautical engineer; Educator; Learned society administrator Perkins, David Dodd (1928-) Election: 1977, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Language and literary scholar; Educator Current affiliation: Same Perl, Martin Lewis (1927-2014) Election: 1997, Fellow Affiliation at election: Stanford University Residence at election: Stanford, CA Career description: Physicist; Educator Perkins, Dexter (1889-1984) Election: 1957, Fellow Affiliation at election: Cornell University Residence at election: Ithaca, NY Career description: Historian; Educator Perle, George (1915-2009) Election: 1985, Fellow Affiliation at election: City University of New York Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Musician (composer); Educator Perkins, Elliott (1901-1985) Election: 1953, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Historian; Educator; Academic administrator Perley, Ira (1799-1874) Election: 1866, Associate Fellow Affiliation at election: New Hampshire Supreme Court Residence at election: Concord, NH Career description: Jurist; Lawyer Perkins, Henry Coit (1804-1873) Election: 1844, Fellow Affiliation at election: Newburyport, MA Residence at election: Newburyport, MA Career description: Physician Perlis, Alan Jay (1922-1990) Election: 1974, Fellow Affiliation at election: Yale University Residence at election: New Haven, CT Career description: Mathematician; Computer scientist; Educator Perkins, Jacob (1766-1849) Election: 1813, Fellow Affiliation at election: Newburyport, MA Residence at election: Newburyport, MA Career description: Inventor; Businessperson Perkins, James Alfred (1911-1998) Election: 1965, Fellow Affiliation at election: Cornell University Residence at election: Ithaca, NY Career description: Academic administrator; Foundation executive Perkins, Thomas Nelson (1870-1937) Election: 1931, Fellow Affiliation at election: Ropes, Gray, Boyden and Perkins; Boston and Maine Railroad Residence at election: Milton, MA Career description: Lawyer; Government official Perl, Edward Roy (1926-2014) Election: 1992, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of North Carolina School of Medicine Residence at election: Chapel Hill, NC Career description: Physiologist; Neurobiologist; Educator Perlman, Isadore (1915-1991) Election: 1969, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of California, Berkeley Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Career description: Chemist; Educator; Research institution administrator Perlman, Itzhak (1945-) Election: 2002, Fellow Affiliation at election: New York, NY Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Musician (violinist) Current affiliation: Same Perlmutter, David M. (1938-) Election: 2013, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of California, San Diego Residence at election: San Diego, CA Career description: Linguist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Perlmutter, Roger Matthew (1952-) Election: 2000, Fellow Affiliation at election: Merck and Co., Inc. Residence at election: Rahway, NJ Career description: Molecular biologist; Immunologist; Company research administrator; Educator Current affiliation: Amgen Inc. Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 1780-2016 453 Perlmutter, Saul (1959-) Election: 2007, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of California, Berkeley Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Career description: Physicist; Cosmologist Current affiliation: Same Perry, John Bulkley (1825-1872) Election: 1871, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University; Oberlin College Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Geologist; Clergy member; Museum staff member Pesendorfer, Wolfgang (1963-) Election: 2010, Fellow Affiliation at election: Princeton University Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Career description: Economist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Perloff, Harvey Stephen (1915-1983) Election: 1969, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of California, Los Angeles Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Career description: Economist; Urban planning specialist; Academic administrator; Foundation executive Perry, John R. (1943-) Election: 2002, Fellow Affiliation at election: Stanford University Residence at election: Stanford, CA Career description: Philosopher; Educator Current affiliation: University of California, Riverside Peskin, Charles Samuel (1946-) Election: 1994, Fellow Affiliation at election: New York University Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Mathematician; Educator Current affiliation: Same Perloff, Marjorie Gabrielle (1931-) Election: 1997, Fellow Affiliation at election: Stanford University Residence at election: Stanford, CA Career description: Language and literary scholar; Educator Current affiliation: Same Perrimon, Norbert (1958-) Election: 2008, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical School Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Geneticist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Perrin, Bernadotte (1847-1920) Election: 1915, Fellow Affiliation at election: Yale University Residence at election: New Haven, CT Career description: Classicist; Educator Perrot, Jean Joseph Francois (1920-2012) Election: 1967, FHM Affiliation at election: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Residence at election: Jerusalem, Israel Career description: Archaeologist; Excavation and research agency administrator Perry, Elizabeth J. (1948-) Election: 2002, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Political scientist; Historian; Educator Current affiliation: Same Perry, Ralph Barton (1876-1957) Election: 1928, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Philosopher; Educator Perry, William James (1927-) Election: 1989, Fellow Affiliation at election: Technology Strategies and Alliances; Stanford University Residence at election: San Francisco, CA Career description: Mathematician; Company executive (technology and investment); U.S. Secretary of Defense; Current affiliation: Stanford University Persons, Warren Milton (1878-1937) Election: 1928, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Economist; Statistician; Educator Persson, Torsten (1954-) Election: 2001, FHM Affiliation at election: Stockholm University Residence at election: Stockholm, Sweden Career description: Economist; Educator; Academic research agency administrator Current affiliation: Same Perutz, Max Ferdinand (1914-2002) Election: 1963, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Cambridge Residence at election: Cambridge, England Career description: Molecular biologist; Research institution administrator Peskin, Michael E. (1951-) Election: 2000, Fellow Affiliation at election: Stanford University Residence at election: Stanford, CA Career description: Physicist; Educator Current affiliation: Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Pestel, Frederik Willem (1724-1805) Election: 1789, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Leiden Residence at election: Leiden, Netherlands Career description: Legal scholar; Educator Peters, Andrew James (1872-1938) Election: 1932, Fellow Affiliation at election: Peters, Clark and Keating, Boston Residence at election: Jamaica Plain, MA Career description: Lawyer; Government official (legislator) Peters, Christian August Friedrich (1806-1880) Election: 1853, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Konigsberg Residence at election: Konigsberg, Germany Career description: Astronomer; Educator; Research institution administrator Peters, Christian Heinrich Friedrich (1813-1890) Election: 1856, Fellow Affiliation at election: U.S. Coast Survey Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Astronomer; Educator; Government research agency staff member Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 1780-2016 454 Peters, Edward Dyer (1849-1917) Election: 1914, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Dorchester, MA Career description: Mining and metallurgical engineer; Educator Peterson, Merrill Daniel (1921-2009) Election: 1980, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Virginia Residence at election: Charlottesville, VA Career description: Historian; Educator Peters, Ellen Ash (1930-) Election: 1990, Fellow Affiliation at election: Supreme Court of Connecticut Residence at election: Hartford, CT Career description: Lawyer; Educator; Jurist Current affiliation: Same Peterson, Paul Elliott (1940-) Election: 1996, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Political scientist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Peters, James Lee (1889-1952) Election: 1946, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Harvard, MA Career description: Ornithologist; Museum curator Peters, Rudolph Albert (1889-1982) Election: 1950, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Oxford Residence at election: Oxford, England Career description: Biochemist; Educator; Government research scientist Petersdorf, Robert George (1926-2006) Election: 1980, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical School; Brigham and Women’s Hospital Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Physician; Academic and hospital administrator; Educator Peterson, Jr., Dean Freeman (1913-1989) Election: 1977, Fellow Affiliation at election: Utah State University Residence at election: Logan, UT Career description: Civil and agricultural engineer; Educator; Academic administrator; Government research scientist and administrator Peterson, Franklin Paul (1930-2000) Election: 1974, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Mathematician; Educator Peterson, Peter G. (1926-) Election: 2006, Fellow Affiliation at election: Blackstone Group Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Company executive; U.S. Secretary of Commerce; Government official; Banking executive Current affiliation: Peter G. Peterson Foundation Petes, Thomas D. (1947-) Election: 2005, Fellow Affiliation at election: Duke University Medical Center Residence at election: Durham, NC Career description: Geneticist; Educator Current affiliation: Duke Medicine Pethick, Christopher John (1942-) Election: 2013, FHM Affiliation at election: Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics; Niels Bohr Institute Residence at election: Copenhagen, Denmark Career description: Theoretical physicist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Petrassi, Goffredo (1904-2003) Election: 1978, FHM Affiliation at election: Accademia SantaCecilia Residence at election: Rome, Italy Career description: Musician (composer); Educator Petrides, Michael (1949-) Election: 2007, FHM Affiliation at election: McGill University Residence at election: Montreal, Canada Career description: Neuroscientist; Psychologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Petroski, Henry (1942-) Election: 2003, Fellow Affiliation at election: Duke University Residence at election: Durham, NC Career description: Civil engineer; Historian; Educator Current affiliation: Same Petsko, Gregory Anthony (1948-) Election: 2002, Fellow Affiliation at election: Brandeis University Residence at election: Waltham, MA Career description: Biochemist; Educator; Academic research agency administrator Current affiliation: Same Pettee, William Henry (1838-1904) Election: 1871, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Mineralogist; Mining engineer; Educator Pettengill, Gordon Hemenway (1926-) Election: 1973, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Physicist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Pettijohn, Francis John (1904-1999) Election: 1960, Fellow Affiliation at election: Johns Hopkins University Residence at election: Baltimore, MD Career description: Geologist; Educator; Government research scientist Pettit, Philip Noel (1945-) Election: 2009, Fellow Affiliation at election: Princeton University Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Career description: Philosopher and political theorist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Pettit, Rowland (1927-1981) Election: 1976, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Texas at Austin Residence at election: Austin, TX Career description: Chemist; Educator Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 1780-2016 455 Petty, Richard Edward (1951-) Election: 2010, Fellow Affiliation at election: Ohio State University Residence at election: Columbus, OH Career description: Psychologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Pfeffer, Wilhelm Friedrich Philipp (1845-1920) Election: 1897, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Leipzig Residence at election: Leipzig, Germany Career description: Botanist; Chemist; Educator Pevsner, Nikolaus Bernhard Leon (19021983) Election: 1962, FHM Affiliation at election: University of London Residence at election: London, England Career description: Historian (architecture); Educator Pfeiffer, Heinrich (1927-) Election: 1997, FHM Affiliation at election: Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Residence at election: Bonn, Germany Career description: Foundation executive Current affiliation: Same Peyre, Henri Maurice (1901-1988) Election: 1957, Fellow Affiliation at election: Yale University Residence at election: New Haven, CT Career description: Language and literary scholar; Educator Pfeiffer, Robert Henry (1892-1958) Election: 1934, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Language scholar; Historian; Educator Pfaff, Donald Wells (1939-) Election: 1992, Fellow Affiliation at election: Rockefeller University Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Neurobiologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Pforzheimer III, Carl H. (1936-) Election: 2002, Fellow Affiliation at election: Carl H. Pforzheimer and Co. Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Company executive (finance) Current affiliation: Same Pfaff, Judy (1946-) Election: 2013, Fellow Affiliation at election: Bard College Residence at election: Kingston, NY Career description: Artist (painter, sculptor, printer, installation artist); Educator Current affiliation: Same Phelps, Edmund Strother (1933-) Election: 1980, Fellow Affiliation at election: Columbia University Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Economist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Pfaffmann, Carl (1913-1994) Election: 1957, Fellow Affiliation at election: Brown University Residence at election: Providence, RI Career description: Psychologist; Educator Pfeffer, Suzanne Ruth (1956-) Election: 2013, Fellow Affiliation at election: Stanford School of Medicine Residence at election: Portola Valley, CA Career description: Biochemist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Phelps, Edward John (1822-1900) Election: 1890, Associate Fellow Affiliation at election: Yale University Residence at election: Burlington, VT Career description: Lawyer; Educator; Diplomat Phelps, Elizabeth Anya (1962-) Election: 2012, Fellow Affiliation at election: New York University Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Neuroscientist; Psychologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Phelps, William Lyon (1865-1943) Election: 1921, Fellow Affiliation at election: Yale University Residence at election: New Haven, CT Career description: Literary scholar; Educator; Journalist Philander, S. George H. (Samuel George Harker) (1942-) Election: 2003, Fellow Affiliation at election: Princeton University Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Career description: Oceanographer; Educator; Academic research institution staff member Current affiliation: Same Phillips, Carl (1959-) Election: 2004, Fellow Affiliation at election: Washington University in St. Louis Residence at election: St. Louis, MO Career description: Writer (poet); Educator Current affiliation: Same Phillips, Christopher Hallowell (19202008) Election: 1952, Fellow Affiliation at election: State of Massachusetts Residence at election: North Beverly, MA Career description: Government official; Diplomat Phillips, David Chilton (1924-1999) Election: 1968, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Oxford Residence at election: Oxford, England Career description: Biophysicist; Crystallographer; Educator; Learned society administrator Phillips, Henry Bayard (1881-1973) Election: 1918, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Mathematician; Educator Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 1780-2016 456 Phillips, John (1770-1823) Election: 1810, Fellow Affiliation at election: State of Massachusetts Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Lawyer; Government official (state legislator) Phillips, Robert B. (1964-) Election: 2016, Fellow Affiliation at election: California Institute of Technology Residence at election: Pasadena, CA Career description: Biophysicist; Educator Current affiliation: same Phillips, John Charles (1876-1938) Election: 1915, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Wenham, MA Career description: Ornithologist; Geneticist; Educator; Museum curator Phillips, Samuel (1752-1802) Election: 1780, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Constitutional Convention; State of Massachusetts Residence at election: Andover, MA Career description: Government official (state legislator); Jurist Phillips, Julia Mae (1954-) Election: 2005, Fellow Affiliation at election: Sandia National Laboratories Residence at election: Albuquerque, NM Career description: Physicist; Materials scientist; Company and government research agency staff member and administrator Current affiliation: Same Phillips, Norman Alton (1923-) Election: 1962, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Meteorologist; Educator; Government agency staff member Current affiliation: Phillips, Peter Charles Bonest (1948-) Election: 1996, Fellow Affiliation at election: Yale University Residence at election: New Haven, CT Career description: Economist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Phillips, Philip (1900-1994) Election: 1953, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Archaeologist; Museum curator Phillips, Ralph Saul (1913-1998) Election: 1971, Fellow Affiliation at election: Stanford University Residence at election: Stanford, CA Career description: Mathematician; Educator Philpott, Anthony John (1862-1952) Election: 1932, Fellow Affiliation at election: Boston Globe Residence at election: Arlington, MA Career description: Journalist; Editor Phong, Duong H. (1953-) Election: 2013, Fellow Affiliation at election: Columbia University Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Mathematician; Educator Current affiliation: Same Phillips, Thomas Leonard (1924-) Election: 1990, Fellow Affiliation at election: Raytheon Company Residence at election: Lexington, MA Career description: Company executive; Electrical engineer Current affiliation: Same Phillips, Willard (1784-1873) Election: 1823, Fellow Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Lawyer; Businessperson; Author Phillips, William (1878-1968) Election: 1947, Fellow Affiliation at election: Anglo-American Committee on Palestine Residence at election: North Beverly, MA Career description: Government official; Diplomat Phillips, William Dale (1925-1993) Election: 1970, Fellow Affiliation at election: E.I. Du Pont de Nemours and Company Residence at election: Wilmington, DE Career description: Physical chemist; Biophysicist; Educator; Company research scientist and administrator; Government official Phillips, William Daniel (1948-) Election: 1995, Fellow Affiliation at election: National Institute of Standards and Technology Residence at election: Gaithersburg, MD Career description: Physicist; Government science institution researcher Current affiliation: Same Jean Piaget, elected 1957, FHM. Image donated by Corbis-Bettmann Piaget, Jean (1896-1980) Election: 1957, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Geneva; International Bureau of Education Residence at election: Geneva, Switzerland Career description: Psychologist; Educator; Research institution administrator Pianka, Eric R. (1939-) Election: 2014, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Texas at Austin Residence at election: Austin, TX Career description: Evolutionary ecologist; Herpetologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Piano, Renzo (1937-) Election: 1993, FHM Affiliation at election: Renzo Piano Building Workshop Residence at election: Genoa, Italy Career description: Architect Current affiliation: Same Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 1780-2016 457 Piazzesi, Monika (1968-) Election: 2011, Fellow Affiliation at election: Stanford University Residence at election: Los Altos, CA Career description: Economist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Picard, Charles Emile (1856-1941) Election: 1903, FHM Affiliation at election: Sorbonne Residence at election: Paris, France Career description: Mathematician; Educator Picasso, Emilio (1927-) Election: 1994, FHM Affiliation at election: Scuola Normale Superiore de Pisa Residence at election: Pisa, Italy Career description: Physicist; Research institution staff member and administrator; Educator Current affiliation: Same Pickard, Greenleaf Whittier (1877-1956) Election: 1930, Fellow Affiliation at election: Wireless Specialty Apparatus Company Residence at election: Newton Center, MA Career description: Electrical engineer; Inventor; Company executive Pickart, Cecile M. (1954-2006) Election: 2006, Fellow Affiliation at election: Johns Hopkins University Residence at election: Baltimore, MD Career description: Biochemist; Molecular biologist; Educator Pickering, George White (1904-1980) Election: 1959, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Oxford Residence at election: Oxford, England Career description: Physician; Educator; Academic administrator Pickering, John (1737-1805) Election: 1791, Fellow Affiliation at election: New Hampshire Supreme Court Residence at election: Portsmouth, NH Career description: Jurist; Government official (state legislator); Lawyer Pickering, John (1740-1811) Election: 1780, Fellow Affiliation at election: Salem, MA Residence at election: Salem, MA Career description: Government official (state legislator); Jurist Pickering, John (1777-1846) Election: 1810, Fellow Affiliation at election: Salem, MA Residence at election: Salem, MA Career description: Language scholar; Lawyer; Public official Pickering, Octavius (1791-1868) Election: 1825, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Supreme Court Residence at election: Salem, MA Career description: Lawyer; Court official Pickering, Charles (1805-1878) Election: 1845, Fellow Affiliation at election: Washington, DC Residence at election: Washington , DC Career description: Anthropologist; Physician Pickering, Timothy (1745-1829) Election: 1815, Fellow Affiliation at election: U.S. House of Representatives Residence at election: Salem, MA Career description: U.S. Senator; Member, U.S. House of Representatives; U.S. Secretary of State; U.S. Postmaster General Pickering, Edward Charles (1846-1919) Election: 1867, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Astronomer; Educator; Academic research institution administrator Pickering, William Hayward (19102004) Election: 1964, Fellow Affiliation at election: California Institute of Technology Residence at election: Pasadena, CA Career description: Electrical engineer; Educator Pickering, William Henry (1858-1938) Election: 1883, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Astronomer; Research institution staff member and administrator; Educator Pickett, Lucy Weston (1904-1997) Election: 1955, Fellow Affiliation at election: Mount Holyoke College Residence at election: South Hadley, MA Career description: Chemist; Educator Pickett, Steward T. A. (1950-) Election: 1993, Fellow Affiliation at election: New York Botanical Garden Residence at election: Bronx, NY Career description: Ecologist; Botanist; Research institution staff member Current affiliation: Institute of Ecosystem Studies Pickman, Benjamin (1763-1843) Election: 1815, Fellow Affiliation at election: Salem, MA Residence at election: Salem, MA Career description: Businessperson; Member, U.S. House of Representatives Piel, Gerard (1915-2004) Election: 1954, Fellow Affiliation at election: Scientific American Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Science editor and publisher Pielou, Evelyn Chrystalla (1924-2016) Election: 1996, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Lethbridge Residence at election: Denman Island, British Columbia, Canada Career description: Ecologist; Biogeographer; Researcher; Educator Pier, Arthur Stanwood (1874-1966) Election: 1928, Associate Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard Graduates’ Magazine Residence at election: Milton, MA Career description: Writer (novelist, biographer); Educator; Editor Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 1780-2016 458 Pierce, Chester Middlebook (1927-) Election: 1997, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Psychiatrist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Pierce, George Washington (1872-1956) Election: 1907, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Physicist; Educator; Research institution administrator Pierce, John (1773-1849) Election: 1809, Fellow Affiliation at election: Brookline, MA Residence at election: Brookline, MA Career description: Clergy member Pierce, John Alvin (1907-1996) Election: 1952, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Applied physicist; Academic research institution staff member Pierce, John Robinson (1910-2002) Election: 1962, Fellow Affiliation at election: Bell Telephone Laboratories Residence at election: Murray Hill, NJ Career description: Electrical engineer; Educator Pieron, Henri (1881-1964) Election: 1937, FHM Affiliation at election: Université de Paris; Collège de France Residence at election: Paris, France Career description: Psychophysiologist; Educator; Research institution administrator Pierrehumbert, Janet Breckenridge (1954-) Election: 2004, Fellow Affiliation at election: Northwestern University Residence at election: Evanston, IL Career description: Linguist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Pierrehumbert, Raymond T. (1954-) Election: 2015, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Chicago Residence at election: Chicago, IL Career description: Geophysicist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Pike, Kenneth Lee (1912-2000) Election: 1973, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Michigan Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Career description: Linguist; Educator; Academic administrator Pierson, George Wilson (1904-1993) Election: 1973, Fellow Affiliation at election: Yale University Residence at election: New Haven, CT Career description: Historian; Educator Pike, Nicholas (1743-1819) Election: 1788, Fellow Affiliation at election: Newburyport, MA Residence at election: Newburyport, MA Career description: Educator; Mathematician; Public official Pierson, Paul (1959-) Election: 2016, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of California, Berkeley Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Career description: Political scientist; Educator Current affiliation: same Pifer, Alan Jay Parrish (1921-2005) Election: 1968, Fellow Affiliation at election: Carnegie Corporation of New York Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Foundation executive Piggott, Stuart (1910-1996) Election: 1960, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Edinburgh Residence at election: Edinburgh, Scotland Career description: Archaeologist; Educator Pignatti, Terisio (1920-2004) Election: 1989, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Venice Residence at election: Venice, Italy Career description: Historian (art); Educator; Museum administrator Pigou, Arthur Cecil (1877-1959) Election: 1928, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Cambridge Residence at election: Cambridge, England Career description: Economist; Educator Pilbeam, David Roger (1940-) Election: 1985, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Anthropologist; Educator; Academic and museum administrator Current affiliation: Same Pildes, Richard H. (1957-) Election: 2008, Fellow Affiliation at election: New York University School of Law Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Legal scholar; Educator Current affiliation: Same Pillsbury, Edmund P. (1943-2010) Election: 1997, Fellow Affiliation at election: Kimbell Art Museum Residence at election: Fort Worth, TX Career description: Art scholar; Museum administrator; Gallery partner Pillsbury, John Elliott (1846-1919) Election: 1893, Fellow Affiliation at election: U.S. Navy Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Oceanographer; Naval officer Pilsbry, Henry Augustus (1862-1957) Election: 1921, Fellow Affiliation at election: Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Career description: Zoologist; Museum curator Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 1780-2016 459 Pimentel, George Claude (1922-1989) Election: 1968, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of California, Berkeley Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Career description: Chemist; Educator; Research institution administrator Pimm, Stuart Leonard (1949-) Election: 2004, Fellow Affiliation at election: Duke University Residence at election: Durham, NC Career description: Ecologist; Conservation biologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Pincus, Gregory Goodwin (1903-1967) Election: 1939, Fellow Affiliation at election: Clark University Residence at election: Worcester, MA Career description: Biologist; Educator; Research institution administrator Pinczuk, Aron (1939-) Election: 2009, Fellow Affiliation at election: Columbia University Residence at election: Westfield, NJ Career description: Physicist; Educator; Editor Current affiliation: Same Pines, Alexander (1945-) Election: 1999, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of California, Berkeley Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Career description: Chemist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Pines, David (1924-) Election: 1980, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Residence at election: Urbana, IL Career description: Physicist; Educator Current affiliation: Los Alamos National Laboratory Pingree, David Edwin (1933-2005) Election: 1971, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Chicago Residence at election: Chicago, IL Career description: Historian (mathematics, science); Educator Pings, Cornelius John (1929-2004) Election: 1995, Fellow Affiliation at election: Association of American Universities Residence at election: Washington, DC Career description: Chemical engineer; Educator; Academic and educational association administrator Pinker, Steven A. (1954-) Election: 1998, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Cognitive scientist; Educator Current affiliation: Harvard University Pinkham, Jr., Daniel Rogers (1923-2006) Election: 1965, Fellow Affiliation at election: New England Conservatory of Music Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Musician (composer, organist); Educator Pinkney, David Henry (1914-1993) Election: 1984, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Washington Residence at election: Seattle, WA Career description: Historian; Educator Pinkney, Jerry (1939-) Election: 2012, Fellow Affiliation at election: Jerry Pinkney Studio Residence at election: Croton-on-Hudson, NY Career description: Children’s book author and illustrator Current affiliation: Same Pinn, Vivian Winona (1941-) Election: 1994, Fellow Affiliation at election: National Institutes of Health Residence at election: Bethesda, MD Career description: Pathologist; Educator; Government health agency administrator Current affiliation: Same Pinter, Harold (1930-2008) Election: 1985, FHM Affiliation at election: London, England Residence at election: London, England Career description: Writer (playwright); Actor; Director Piore, Emanuel Ruben (1908-2000) Election: 1957, Fellow Affiliation at election: IBM Corporation Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Physicist; Electrical engineer; Government research scientist and administrator; Company research scientist and administrator Piotrovskiy, Mikhail Borisovich (1944-) Election: 2016, FHM Affiliation at election: State Hermitage Museum; St. Petersburg State University Residence at election: St. Petersburg, Russia Career description: Historian; Museum administrator and curator; Producer (film) Current affiliation: same Piper, Charles Vancouver (1867-1926) Election: 1921, Fellow Affiliation at election: U.S. Department of Agriculture Residence at election: Washington, DC Career description: Agronomist; Government agency administrator Piperno, Dolores Rita (1949-) Election: 2005, Fellow Affiliation at election: National Museum of Natural History; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Residence at election: Washington, DC Career description: Anthropologist; Archaeologist; Research institution staff member Current affiliation: Same Pipes, Richard (1923-) Election: 1965, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Historian; Educator Current affiliation: Same Pinsky, Robert Neal (1940-) Election: 1993, Fellow Affiliation at election: Boston University Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Writer (poet); Poet laureate; Educator Current affiliation: Same Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 1780-2016 460 Pipher, Jill (1955-) Election: 2015, Fellow Affiliation at election: Brown University Residence at election: Providence, RI Career description: Mathematician; Professional organization administrator; Educator Current affiliation: Same Pipkin, Francis Marion (1925-1992) Election: 1963, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Physicist; Educator Pippard, Alfred Brian (1920-2008) Election: 1970, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Cambridge Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Physicist; Educator Pippin, Robert B. (1948-) Election: 2007, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Chicago Residence at election: Chicago, IL Career description: Philosopher; Educator Current affiliation: Same Pirenne, Henri (Jean Henri Otto Lucien Marie) (1862-1935) Election: 1922, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Ghent Residence at election: Ghent, Belgium Career description: Historian; Educator Pirie, Robert (1934-2015) Election: 1985, Fellow Affiliation at election: Rothschild, Inc. Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Investment banker; Lawyer Pirrotta, Nino (Antonino) (1908-1998) Election: 1967, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Musicologist; Educator; Librarian Pirsson, Louis Valentine (1860-1919) Election: 1917, Fellow Affiliation at election: Yale University Residence at election: New Haven, CT Career description: Geologist; Educator Pister, Karl Stark (1925-) Election: 1994, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of California, Santa Cruz Residence at election: Santa Cruz, CA Career description: Engineer; Educator; Academic administrator Current affiliation: University of California, Berkeley Pitzer, Kenneth Sanborn (1914-1997) Election: 1958, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of California, Berkeley Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Career description: Chemist; Educator; Academic administrator Piston, Jr., Walter Hamor (1894-1976) Election: 1941, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Belmont, MA Career description: Musician (composer); Educator Piwnica-Worms, Helen M. (1957-) Election: 2007, Fellow Affiliation at election: Washington University in St. Louis Residence at election: St. Louis, MO Career description: Cellular biologist Current affiliation: University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Pitkin, Hanna Fenichel (1931-) Election: 1980, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of California, Berkeley Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Career description: Political scientist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Plana (Barone), Giovanni Antonio Amedeo (1781-1864) Election: 1832, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Turin Residence at election: Turin, Italy Career description: Mathematician; Astronomer; Educator; Academic research institution administrator Pitofsky, Robert (1929-) Election: 2000, Fellow Affiliation at election: U.S. Federal Trade Commission Residence at election: Washington, DC Career description: Lawyer; Educator; Government official Current affiliation: Georgetown University Pittendrigh, Colin Stephenson (19181996) Election: 1958, Fellow Affiliation at election: Princeton University Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Career description: Biologist; Educator; Research institution and academic administrator Pitts, Robert Franklin (1908-1977) Election: 1957, Fellow Affiliation at election: Cornell University Medical College Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Physiologist; Educator Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck, elected 1914, FHM. Image donated by CorbisBettmann Planck, Max Karl Ernst Ludwig (18581947) Election: 1914, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Berlin; Institute for Theoretical Physics Residence at election: Berlin, Germany Career description: Physicist; Educator; Research institution administrator Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 1780-2016 461 Plank, Terry A. (1963-) Election: 2016, Fellow Affiliation at election: Columbia University Residence at election: Palisades, NY Career description: Geochemist; Volcanologist; Educator Current affiliation: same Plantamour, Emile (1815-1882) Election: 1878, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Geneva Residence at election: Geneva, Switzerland Career description: Astronomer; Meteorologist; Educator; Research institution administrator Plantinga, Alvin Carl (1932-) Election: 1975, Fellow Affiliation at election: Calvin College Residence at election: Grand Rapids, MI Career description: Philosopher; Educator Current affiliation: University of Notre Dame Plaskett, Harry Hemley (1893-1980) Election: 1930, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Astrophysicist; Educator Platner, John Winthrop (1865-1921) Election: 1915, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University; Andover Theological Seminary Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Clergy member; Theologian; Educator; Academic administrator Platt, John Rader (1918-1992) Election: 1977, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Michigan Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Career description: Biophysicist; Environmentalist; Educator; Research institution administrator Plimpton, Calvin Hastings (1918-2007) Election: 1968, Fellow Affiliation at election: Amherst College Residence at election: Amherst, MA Career description: Physician; Educator; Academic administrator Plimpton, Francis Taylor Pearson (19001983) Election: 1964, Fellow Affiliation at election: U.S. Department of State Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Lawyer; Diplomat Ploegh, Hidde L. (1953-) Election: 2000, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical School Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Biochemist; Immunologist; Educator Current affiliation: Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research Plog, Stephen (1949-) Election: 2014, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Virginia Residence at election: Charlottesville, VA Career description: Archaeologist; Anthropologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Plomin, Robert (1948-) Election: 2001, FHM Affiliation at election: King’s College, University of London Residence at election: London, England Career description: Psychologist; Geneticist; Educator; Academic research agency staff member and administrator Current affiliation: Same Ploog, Detlev Walter (1920-2005) Election: 1971, FHM Affiliation at election: Max-Planck-Institut für Psychiatrie Residence at election: Munich, Germany Career description: Psychiatrist; Ethologist; Research institution administrator Plott, Charles Raymond (1938-) Election: 1985, Fellow Affiliation at election: California Institute of Technology Residence at election: Pasadena, CA Career description: Economist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Plough, Harold Henry (1892-1985) Election: 1950, Fellow Affiliation at election: Amherst College Residence at election: Amherst, MA Career description: Zoologist; Geneticist; Educator Plum, Fred (1924-2010) Election: 1998, Fellow Affiliation at election: The New York Hospital-Cornell University Medical College Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Neurologist; Educator Plumb, John Harold (1911-2001) Election: 1970, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Cambridge Residence at election: Cambridge, England Career description: Historian; Educator Plumly, Stanley (1939-) Election: 2010, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Maryland Residence at election: Gaithersburg, MD Career description: Writer (poet); Educator Current affiliation: Same Plummer, Christopher O. (1929-) Election: 2015, Fellow Affiliation at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Weston, CT Career description: Actor Current affiliation: Same Plummer, Earl Ward (1940-) Election: 2014, Fellow Affiliation at election: Louisiana State University Residence at election: Baton Rouge, LA Career description: Experimental physicist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Plummer, James D. (1944-) Election: 2008, Fellow Affiliation at election: Stanford University Residence at election: Portola Valley, CA Career description: Electrical engineer; Academic administrator; Educator Current affiliation: Same Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 1780-2016 462 Pocock, John Greville Agard (1924-) Election: 1975, Fellow Affiliation at election: Johns Hopkins University Residence at election: Baltimore, MD Career description: Historian; Educator Current affiliation: Same Poinsett, Joel Roberts (1779-1851) Election: 1825, Fellow Affiliation at election: U.S. House of Representatives Residence at election: Charleston, SC Career description: U.S. Secretary of War; Diplomat Poggendorff, Johann Christian (17961877) Election: 1874, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Berlin Residence at election: Berlin, Germany Career description: Physicist; Chemist; Educator; Editor; Biographer Poirier, Richard (1925-2009) Election: 1979, Fellow Affiliation at election: Rutgers University Residence at election: New Brunswick, NJ Career description: Language and literary scholar; Educator Poggio, Tomaso A. (1947-) Election: 1997, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Neuroscientist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Poggioli, Renato (1907-1963) Election: 1957, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Language and literary scholar; Educator Poggioli, Sylvia (1946-) Election: 1994, Fellow Affiliation at election: National Public Radio Residence at election: Washington, DC Career description: Journalist Current affiliation: Same Poincare, Jules Henri (1854-1912) Election: 1901, FHM Affiliation at election: Université de Paris Residence at election: Paris, France Career description: Mathematician; Educator Poincare, Raymond (1860-1934) Election: 1919, FHM Affiliation at election: Government of France Residence at election: Paris, France Career description: Lawyer; Government official Poirion, Daniel (1927-1996) Election: 1994, Fellow Affiliation at election: Yale University Residence at election: New Haven, CT Career description: Language and literary scholar; Educator Poisson, Simeon Denis (1781-1840) Election: 1822, FHM Affiliation at election: Sorbonne Residence at election: Paris, France Career description: Mathematician; Physicist; Educator Poitier, Sidney (1927-) Election: 2005, Fellow Affiliation at election: Los Angeles, CA Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Career description: Actor; Director (film) Current affiliation: Same Polanyi, John Charles (1929-) Election: 1976, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Toronto Residence at election: Toronto, Canada Career description: Chemist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Polanyi, Michael (1891-1976) Election: 1962, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Oxford Residence at election: Oxford, England Career description: Physical chemist; Philosopher; Social scientist; Educator Polasky, A. Stephen (1957-) Election: 2009, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Minnesota Residence at election: Arden Hills, MN Career description: Economist; Educator; Government advisor (economics and environment) Current affiliation: Same Polchinski, Joseph G. (1954-) Election: 2002, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of California, Santa Barbara Residence at election: Santa Barbara, CA Career description: Physicist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Polisi, Joseph William (1947-) Election: 2009, Fellow Affiliation at election: The Julliard School Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Musician (bassoonist); Academic institution administrator; Writer (nonfiction) Current affiliation: Same Politzer, Adam (1835-1920) Election: 1913, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Vienna Residence at election: Vienna, Austria Career description: Otologist; Educator; Hospital administrator Politzer, Hugh David (1949-) Election: 2011, Fellow Affiliation at election: California Institute of Technology Residence at election: Pasadena, CA Career description: Physicist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Polke, Sigmar (1941-2010) Election: 2008, FHM Affiliation at election: Cologne, Germany Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Artist (painter, photographer) Pollak, Louis Heilprin (1922-2012) Election: 1972, Fellow Affiliation at election: Yale University Law School Residence at election: New Haven, CT Career description: Lawyer; Educator; Jurist Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 1780-2016 463 Pollak, Robert A. (1938-) Election: 1999, Fellow Affiliation at election: Washington University in St. Louis Residence at election: St. Louis, MO Career description: Economist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Pollard, Thomas Dean (1942-) Election: 1990, Fellow Affiliation at election: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Residence at election: Baltimore, MD Career description: Cell biologist; Educator Current affiliation: Yale University Pollock, Allan (1767-1859) Election: 1803, Fellow Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Inventor; Machinist Pollock, Frederick (1845-1937) Election: 1895, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Oxford Residence at election: Oxford, England Career description: Lawyer; Historian (law); Educator Pollock, Harry Evelyn Dorr (1900-1982) Election: 1966, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University; Carnegie Institution of Washington Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Archaeologist; Foundation research staff member and administrator; Museum curator Pollock, Sheldon I. (1949-) Election: 2014, Fellow Affiliation at election: Columbia University Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Philology (Sanskrit); Educator Current affiliation: Same Polsby, Nelson Woolf (1934-2007) Election: 1982, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of California, Berkeley Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Career description: Political scientist; Educator Polshek, James Stewart (1930-) Election: 2002, Fellow Affiliation at election: Columbia University; Polshek Partnership Architects LLP Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Architect; Educator; Academic administrator Current affiliation: Ennead Architects LLP Polya, George (1887-1985) Election: 1974, Fellow Affiliation at election: Stanford University Residence at election: Stanford, CA Career description: Mathematician; Educator Polyakov, Alexander M. (1944-) Election: 1991, Fellow Affiliation at election: Princeton University Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Career description: Physicist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Pomeranz, Kenneth L. (1958-) Election: 2006, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of California, Irvine Residence at election: Irvine, CA Career description: Historian; Educator Current affiliation: University of Chicago Poncelet, Jean Victor (1788-1867) Election: 1865, FHM Affiliation at election: Ecole Polytechnique Residence at election: Paris, France Career description: Mathematician; Engineer; Educator Pond, John (1767-1836) Election: 1822, FHM Affiliation at election: Greenwich Observatory Residence at election: Greenwich, England Career description: Astronomer; Research institution administrator Pontecorvo, Guido P. A. (1907-1999) Election: 1958, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Glasgow Residence at election: Glasgow, Scotland Career description: Geneticist; Educator Pool, Ithiel de Sola (1917-1984) Election: 1961, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Political scientist; Educator Pool, James Lawrence (1906-2004) Election: 1965, Fellow Affiliation at election: Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons; Presbyterian Hospital Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Neurosurgeon; Educator; Hospital administrator Poole, Keith T. (1947-) Election: 2006, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of California, San Diego Residence at election: Carlsbad, CA Career description: Political scientist; Educator Current affiliation: University of Georgia Poonen, Bjorn Mikhail (1968-) Election: 2012, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Mathematician; Educator Current affiliation: Same Poor, Charles Lane (1866-1951) Election: 1896, Associate Fellow Affiliation at election: Johns Hopkins University Residence at election: Baltimore, MD Career description: Astronomer; Astrophysicist; Educator Poor, Harold Vincent (1951-) Election: 2005, Fellow Affiliation at election: Princeton University Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Career description: Electrical engineer; Educator Current affiliation: Same Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 1780-2016 464 Poorvu, William James (1935-) Election: 2013, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard Business School Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Company founder and executive (real estate, media); Foundation administrator; Educator Current affiliation: Same Popa, Sorin T. (1953-) Election: 2013, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of California, Los Angeles Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Career description: Mathematician; Educator Current affiliation: Same Pope, Alfred (1915-2009) Election: 1961, Fellow Affiliation at election: McLean Hospital; Harvard University Medical School Residence at election: Waverley, MA Career description: Neuropathologist; Educator Pope, John Collins (1904-1997) Election: 1973, Fellow Affiliation at election: Yale University Residence at election: New Haven, CT Career description: Language and literary scholar; Educator Pope, Joseph (1754-1826) Election: 1788, Fellow Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Clock and instrument maker Pope, Stephen B. (1949-) Election: 2007, Fellow Affiliation at election: Cornell University Residence at election: Ithaca, NY Career description: Mechanical engineer; Educator Current affiliation: Same Pope-Hennessy, John Wyndham (19131994) Election: 1978, Fellow Affiliation at election: Metropolitan Museum of Art; New York University Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Historian (art); Educator; Museum administrator Popjak, George Joseph (1914-1998) Election: 1971, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Career description: Biochemist; Educator; Research institution administrator Porsild, Alf Erling (1901-1977) Election: 1947, FHM Affiliation at election: Canadian National Museum of Science Residence at election: Ottawa, Canada Career description: Botanist; Government research scientist and administrator; Herbarium curator Popkin, John Snelling (1771-1852) Election: 1808, Fellow Affiliation at election: Newbury, MA Residence at election: Newbury, MA Career description: Clergy member; Educator Porter, Andrew (1928-2015) Election: 1985, Fellow Affiliation at election: The New Yorker Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Music critic Popkin, Richard Henry (1923-2005) Election: 1996, Fellow Affiliation at election: Washington University; University of California, Los Angeles Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Career description: Philosopher; Historian; Educator Pople, John Anthony (1925-2004) Election: 1971, Fellow Affiliation at election: Carnegie Mellon University Residence at election: Pittsburgh, PA Career description: Chemist; Educator Popper, Hans (1903-1988) Election: 1967, Fellow Affiliation at election: Mount Sinai School of Medicine; Mount Sinai Hospital Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Pathologist; Educator; Academic administrator Popper, Karl Raimund (1902-1994) Election: 1966, FHM Affiliation at election: London School of Economics and Political Science Residence at election: London, England Career description: Philosopher; Educator Porada, Edith (1912-1994) Election: 1969, Fellow Affiliation at election: Columbia University Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Archaeologist; Historian (art); Educator Porter, Arthur Kingsley (1883-1933) Election: 1922, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Archaeologist; Historian (art); Educator Porter, Eliot Furness (1901-1990) Election: 1971, Fellow Affiliation at election: Tesuque, NM Residence at election: Tesuque, NM Career description: Artist (photographer, illustrator) Porter, Eliphalet (1758-1833) Election: 1810, Fellow Affiliation at election: Roxbury, MA Residence at election: Roxbury, MA Career description: Clergy member Porter (Lord Porter of Luddenham), George (1920-2002) Election: 1979, FHM Affiliation at election: Royal Institution of Great Britain Residence at election: London, England Career description: Chemist; Educator; Research institution and academic administrator Porter, Jean (1955-) Election: 2012, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Notre Dame Residence at election: South Bend, IN Career description: Theologian; Ethicist; Educator; Professional society administrator Current affiliation: Same Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 1780-2016 465 Porter, Keith Roberts (1912-1997) Election: 1957, Fellow Affiliation at election: Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Cell biologist; Educator; Research institution administrator Porter, Noah (1811-1892) Election: 1866, Associate Fellow Affiliation at election: Yale University Residence at election: New Haven, CT Career description: Educator; Academic administrator; Clergy member Porter, Robert Hugh (1955-) Election: 1997, Fellow Affiliation at election: Northwestern University Residence at election: Evanston, IL Career description: Economist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Porter, Rodney Robert (1917-1985) Election: 1968, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Oxford Residence at election: Oxford, England Career description: Biochemist; Educator Porter, Roy (1946-2002) Election: 1998, FHM Affiliation at election: Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine Residence at election: London, England Career description: Historian (medicine, science); Educator Porter, Theodore M. (1953-) Election: 2008, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of California, Los Angeles Residence at election: Altadena, CA Career description: Historian; Educator Current affiliation: Same Porter, William Townsend (1862-1949) Election: 1901, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical School Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Physiologist; Educator; Company executive Portes, Alejandro (1944-) Election: 1998, Fellow Affiliation at election: Princeton University Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Career description: Sociologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Posen, Barry R. (1952-) Election: 2010, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Political scientist; International security scholar; Educator Current affiliation: Same Posner, Eric (1965-) Election: 2010, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Chicago Law School Residence at election: Chicago, IL Career description: Lawyer; Educator Current affiliation: Same Posner, Jerome Beebe (1932-) Election: 2003, Fellow Affiliation at election: Memorial SloanKettering Cancer Center; Cornell University Medical College Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Neurologist; Physician; Educator Current affiliation: Memorial SloanKettering Cancer Center; Weill Medical College, Cornell University Posner, Michael I. (1936-) Election: 1986, Fellow Affiliation at election: Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine; University of Oregon Residence at election: St. Louis, MO Career description: Psychologist; Neuropsychologist; Educator Current affiliation: University of Oregon Posner, Richard Allen (1939-) Election: 1982, Fellow Affiliation at election: U.S. Court of Appeals Residence at election: Chicago, IL Career description: Lawyer; Educator; Jurist Current affiliation: Same Posnock, Ross (1953-) Election: 2009, Fellow Affiliation at election: Columbia University Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Literary and culture scholar; Educator Current affiliation: Same Post, Chandler Rathfon (1881-1959) Election: 1921, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Classicist; Historian (art); Educator Post, Gaines (1902-1986) Election: 1959, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Wisconsin, Madison Residence at election: Madison, WI Career description: Historian; Educator Post, Robert Charles (1947-) Election: 1993, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of California, Berkeley Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Career description: Lawyer; Educator Current affiliation: Yale Law School Postan, Michael Moissey (1899-1981) Election: 1972, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Cambridge Residence at election: Cambridge, England Career description: Historian (economics); Educator Postlewaite, Andrew (1943-) Election: 2006, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Pennsylvania Residence at election: Bala Cynwyd, PA Career description: Economist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Poterba, James Michael (1958-) Election: 1996, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Economist; Educator Current affiliation: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; National Bureau of Economic Research Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 1780-2016 466 Potter, Alonzo (1800-1865) Election: 1831, Associate Fellow Affiliation at election: Union College Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Clergy member; Educator Potter, David Morris (1910-1971) Election: 1966, Fellow Affiliation at election: Stanford University Residence at election: Stanford, CA Career description: Historian; Educator Potter, Van Rensselaer (1911-2001) Election: 1959, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Wisconsin Medical School Residence at election: Madison, WI Career description: Biochemist; Bioethicist; Educator Pottle, Frederick Albert (1897-1987) Election: 1957, Fellow Affiliation at election: Yale University Residence at election: New Haven, CT Career description: Language and literary scholar; Educator Potts, Jr., John Thomas (1932-) Election: 1982, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical School; Massachusetts General Hospital Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Physician; Endocrinologist; Educator; Hospital administrator Current affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital Poulet, Anne L. (1941-) Election: 2006, Fellow Affiliation at election: Frick Collection Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Museum curator Current affiliation: Boston, MA Poulet, Georges (1902-1991) Election: 1970, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Nice Residence at election: Nice, France Career description: Language and literary scholar; Educator Poulter, Charles Dale (1942-) Election: 2005, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Utah Residence at election: Salt Lake City, UT Career description: Chemist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Pound, Robert Vivian (1919-2010) Election: 1952, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Physicist; Educator Pound, Roscoe (1870-1964) Election: 1911, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Belmont, MA Career description: Lawyer; Jurist; Educator; Academic administrator Powell, James L. (1955-) Election: 2008, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of California, Berkeley Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Career description: Economist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Pounds, William Frank (1928-) Election: 1971, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Management expert; Educator; Academic administrator Current affiliation: Same Poussaint, Alvin Francis (1934-) Election: 2014, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Psychiatrist; Social critic; Educator Current affiliation: Same Powell, Colin Luther (1937-) Election: 2009, Fellow Affiliation at election: Colin L. Powell Associates, LLC Residence at election: McLean, VA Career description: U.S. Secretary of State; Military officer; Government advisor Current affiliation: Same Powell III, Earl Alexander (1943-) Election: 2005, Fellow Affiliation at election: National Gallery of Art Residence at election: Washington, DC Career description: Museum administrator (art); Historian (art) Current affiliation: Same Powell, Jr., G. Bingham (George Bingham) (1942-) Election: 1991, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Rochester Residence at election: Rochester, NY Career description: Political scientist; Educator Current affiliation: Same John Wesley Powell, elected 1887, Associate Fellow. Image donated by Corbis-Bettmann Powell, John Wesley (1834-1902) Election: 1887, Associate Fellow Affiliation at election: U.S. Geological Survey; Smithsonian Institution Residence at election: Washington, DC Career description: Geologist; Ethnologist; Government research agency administrator Powell, Jr., Lewis Franklin (1907-1998) Election: 1989, Fellow Affiliation at election: Supreme Court of the United States Residence at election: Washington, DC Career description: Lawyer; Jurist (U.S. Supreme Court) Powell, Robert L. (1946-) Election: 2005, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of California, Berkeley Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Career description: Political scientist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Powell, Thomas Reed (1880-1955) Election: 1931, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Lawyer; Educator Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 1780-2016 467 Power, Mary Eleanor (1950-) Election: 2007, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of California, Berkeley Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Career description: Ecologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Powers, Harold Stone (1928-2007) Election: 1995, Fellow Affiliation at election: Princeton University Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Career description: Musicologist; Educator Powers, Hiram (1805-1873) Election: 1855, Associate Fellow Affiliation at election: Florence, Italy Residence at election: Florence, Italy Career description: Artist (sculptor) Powers, J. F. (James Farl) (1917-1999) Election: 1997, Fellow Affiliation at election: St. John’s University Residence at election: Collegeville, MN Career description: Writer (novelist, short story writer); Educator Powers, Richard (1957-) Election: 1998, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Residence at election: Urbana, IL Career description: Writer (novelist); Educator Current affiliation: Same Pozen, Robert Charles (1946-) Election: 2005, Fellow Affiliation at election: MFS Investment Management Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Company executive (investment); Lawyer Current affiliation: Same Prager, William (1903-1980) Election: 1951, Fellow Affiliation at election: Brown University Residence at election: Providence, RI Career description: Applied mathematician; Mechanical engineer; Educator Prandtl, Ludwig (1875-1953) Election: 1929, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Goettingen Residence at election: Goettingen, Germany Career description: Physicist; Aerodynamicist; Educator; Research institution administrator Prather, Kimberly A. (1962-) Election: 2010, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of California, San Diego Residence at election: Encinitas, CA Career description: Atmospheric chemist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Pratt, Bela Lyon (1867-1917) Election: 1913, Fellow Affiliation at election: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Artist (sculptor); Educator Pratt, Carroll Cornelius (1894-1979) Election: 1933, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Psychologist; Musicologist; Educator Pratt, Frederick Haven (1873-1958) Election: 1927, Fellow Affiliation at election: Boston University Residence at election: Dedham, MA Career description: Physiologist; Educator; Company executive Pratt, James Bissett (1875-1944) Election: 1941, Fellow Affiliation at election: Williams College Residence at election: Williamstown, MA Career description: Philosopher; Educator Pratt, John Winsor (1931-) Election: 1988, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Graduate School of Business Administration Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Statistician; Educator Current affiliation: Harvard Business School Pratt, Joseph Hersey (1872-1956) Election: 1927, Fellow Affiliation at election: Boston Dispensary Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Physician; Educator; Hospital administrator Prausnitz, John Michael (1928-) Election: 1988, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of California, Berkeley Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Career description: Chemical engineer; Educator Current affiliation: Same Praz, Mario (1896-1981) Election: 1969, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Rome Residence at election: Rome, Italy Career description: Language and literary scholar; Educator Prebisch, Raul (1901-1986) Election: 1971, FHM Affiliation at election: Latin American Institute for Economic and Social Planning Residence at election: Santiago, Chile Career description: Economist; Banker; Educator; Government official; Diplomat; Foundation executive Prelog, Vladimir (1906-1998) Election: 1960, FHM Affiliation at election: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Residence at election: Zurich, Switzerland Career description: Chemist; Educator; Research institution administrator Prendergast, Christopher A. (1942-) Election: 2015, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Cambridge Residence at election: Cambridge, England Career description: Language and literary scholar; Educator Current affiliation: Same Prescott, Charles Young (1938-) Election: 1995, Fellow Affiliation at election: Stanford University Residence at election: Stanford, CA Career description: Physicist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 1780-2016 468 Prescott, David Marshall (1926-2011) Election: 1970, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Colorado Residence at election: Boulder, CO Career description: Cell biologist; Geneticist; Educator Prescott, Edward C. (1940-) Election: 1992, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Minnesota Residence at election: Minneapolis, MN Career description: Economist; Educator Current affiliation: Arizona State University; Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Prescott, Henry Washington (18741943) Election: 1935, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Chicago Residence at election: Chicago, IL Career description: Philologist; Educator Prescott, Oliver (1731-1804) Election: 1780, Fellow Affiliation at election: State of Massachusetts Residence at election: Groton, MA Career description: Physician; Public official Prescott, Samuel Cate (1872-1962) Election: 1914, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Residence at election: Brookline, MA Career description: Bacteriologist; Educator; Academic administrator Prescott, William (1762-1844) Election: 1815, Fellow Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Lawyer; Government official (state legislator) Prescott, William Hickling (1796-1859) Election: 1840, Fellow Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Historian Press, Frank (1924-) Election: 1966, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Geophysicist; Educator; Presidential science advisor Current affiliation: Washington Advisory Group Press, William Henry (1948-) Election: 1993, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Astrophysicist; Educator; Government laboratory administrator Current affiliation: University of Texas at Austin; Los Alamos National Laboratory Pressler, Menahem Max Jacob (1923-) Election: 2000, Fellow Affiliation at election: Indiana University Residence at election: Bloomington, IN Career description: Musician (pianist); Educator Current affiliation: Same Prest, William Morton (1862-1945) Election: 1938, Fellow Affiliation at election: Probate Court of Boston Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Lawyer; Jurist Preston, Lewis Thompson (1926-1995) Election: 1992, Fellow Affiliation at election: World Bank Residence at election: Washington, DC Career description: Banker; Company executive; Diplomat Preston, Samuel Hulse (1943-) Election: 1986, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Pennsylvania Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Career description: Demographer; Educator; Academic administrator Current affiliation: Same Preston, William Munro (1909-1989) Election: 1961, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Physicist; Educator; Research institution administrator Previn, André George (1929-) Election: 2012, Fellow Affiliation at election: New York, NY Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Musician (conductor, composer, pianist) Current affiliation: Same Prewitt, Kenneth (1936-) Election: 1979, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Chicago; Social Science Research Council Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Political scientist; Educator; Government agency and academic administrator; Foundation executive Current affiliation: Columbia University Pribram, Karl Harry (1919-2015) Election: 1956, Fellow Affiliation at election: Institute of Living Residence at election: Hartford, CT Career description: Psychologist; Neurologist; Educator; Research institution administrator Price, Jr., Don Krasher (1910-1995) Election: 1960, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Kennedy School of Government Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Political scientist; Educator; Government official; Foundation executive; Academic administrator Price, Hugh B. (1941-) Election: 2000, Fellow Affiliation at election: National Urban League Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Lawyer; Foundation executive Current affiliation: New Rochelle, NY Price, Leontyne (1927-) Election: 1962, Fellow Affiliation at election: New York, NY Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Musician (opera and concert soprano) Current affiliation: Same Price, Lucien (1883-1964) Election: 1949, Fellow Affiliation at election: Boston Globe Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Journalist Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 1780-2016 469 Price, Martin (1920-2010) Election: 1991, Fellow Affiliation at election: Yale University Residence at election: New Haven, CT Career description: Language and literary scholar; Educator Pringle, Cyrus Guernsey (1838-1911) Election: 1901, Associate Fellow Affiliation at election: Charlotte, VT Residence at election: Charlotte, VT Career description: Plant breeder; Collector; Farmer Price, Reynolds (1933-2011) Election: 1988, Fellow Affiliation at election: Duke University Residence at election: Durham, NC Career description: Writer (fiction writer, poet, essayist); Educator Pringle, John William Sutton (19121982) Election: 1969, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Oxford Residence at election: Oxford, England Career description: Cytologist; Educator Price, Richard (1723-1791) Election: 1782, FHM Affiliation at election: London, England Residence at election: London, England Career description: Clergy member; Economist; Philosopher Price, Trevor Douglas (1953-) Election: 2011, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Chicago Residence at election: Chicago, IL Career description: Evolutionary biologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Priest, George L. (1947-) Election: 2014, Fellow Affiliation at election: Yale Law School Residence at election: New Haven, CT Career description: Legal and economic theory scholar; Educator Current affiliation: Same Joseph Priestley, elected 1782, FHM. Image donated by Corbis-Bettmann Priestley, Joseph (1733-1804) Election: 1782, FHM Affiliation at election: Birmingham, England Residence at election: Birmingham, England Career description: Chemist; Philosopher; Clergy member; Educator Priestley (1915-1986) Beardsley, Monroe Curtis Election: 1976, Fellow Affiliation at election: Temple University Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Career description: Philosopher; Educator Pritchard, David E. (1941-) Election: 1994, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Physicist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Pritchard, Jonathan K. (1971-) Election: 2013, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Chicago Residence at election: Chicago, IL Career description: Evolutionary geneticist; Educator; Research institution scientist Current affiliation: Same Prigogine, Ilya (1917-2003) Election: 1960, FHM Affiliation at election: Free University of Brussels; International Institutes of Physics and Chemistry (Solvay Institutes, Brussels) Residence at election: Brussels, Belgium Career description: Chemist; Educator Pritchard, William H. (1932-) Election: 2004, Fellow Affiliation at election: Amherst College Residence at election: Amherst, MA Career description: Language and literary scholar; Educator Current affiliation: Same Primakoff, Henry (1914-1983) Election: 1976, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Pennsylvania Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Career description: Physicist; Educator Pritchett, Charles Herman (1907-1995) Election: 1988, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of California, Santa Barbara Residence at election: Santa Barbara, CA Career description: Political scientist; Educator Prince, John (1751-1836) Election: 1785, Fellow Affiliation at election: Salem, MA Residence at election: Salem, MA Career description: Clergy member; Instrument maker Pritchett, Henry Smith (1857-1939) Election: 1901, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Astronomer; Educator; Academic administrator; Foundation executive Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 1780-2016 470 Pritchett, Victor Sawdon (1900-1997) Election: 1971, FHM Affiliation at election: New Statesman Residence at election: London, England Career description: Writer (literary critic, novelist, short story writer); Editor; Company executive Pritsak, Omeljan (1919-2006) Election: 1971, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Historian; Linguist; Educator Pritzker, Penny S. (1959-) Election: 2012, Fellow Affiliation at election: PSP Capital Partners and Pritzker Realty Group Residence at election: Chicago, IL Career description: Company executive and founder (finance); Presidential advisor; Philanthropist; U.S. Secretary of Commerce Current affiliation: United States Department of Commerce Pritzker, Thomas J. (1950-) Election: 2014, Fellow Affiliation at election: Hyatt Corporation Residence at election: Chicago, IL Career description: Company executive and founder (finance); Philanthropist Current affiliation: Same Prives, Carol L. (1941-) Election: 2000, Fellow Affiliation at election: Columbia University Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Molecular and cancer biologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Probst, Emil (1877-1950) Election: 1929, FHM Affiliation at election: Technische Hochshule Residence at election: Karlsruhe, Germany Career description: Engineer; Educator Probstein, Ronald Filmore (1928-) Election: 1961, Fellow Affiliation at election: Brown University Residence at election: Providence, RI Career description: Mechanical engineer; Educator Current affiliation: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Proctor, Bernard Emerson (1901-1959) Election: 1958, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Food technologist; Educator; Research institution administrator Proudfoot, Wayne (1939-) Election: 2002, Fellow Affiliation at election: Columbia University Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Theologian; Philosopher; Educator Current affiliation: Same Proctor, Robert N. (1954-) Election: 2002, Fellow Affiliation at election: Pennsylvania State University Residence at election: University Park, PA Career description: Historian (science); Educator Current affiliation: Stanford University Proulx, E. Annie (1935-) Election: 2014, Fellow Affiliation at election: Seattle, Washington Residence at election: Carnation, WA Career description: Writer (novelist, short story writer) Current affiliation: Same Proger, Samuel Herschel (1906-1984) Election: 1950, Fellow Affiliation at election: Tufts University School of Medicine Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Physician; Educator; Hospital administrator Prokhorov, Alexander Mikhailovitch (1916-2002) Election: 1972, FHM Affiliation at election: Academy of Sciences of the USSR Residence at election: Moscow, USSR Career description: Physicist; Research institution administrator Prose, Francine (1947-) Election: 2005, Fellow Affiliation at election: New York, NY Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Writer (fiction writer, essayist) Current affiliation: Same Prosser, Clifford Ladd (1907-2002) Election: 1957, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Residence at election: Urbana, IL Career description: Physiologist; Educator Prothero, George Walter (1848-1922) Election: 1919, FHM Affiliation at election: Quarterly Review Residence at election: London, England Career description: Historian; Educator; Editor Provine, William B. (1940-2015) Election: 2006, Fellow Affiliation at election: Cornell University Residence at election: Marathon, NY Career description: Evolutionary biologist; Educator Prudden, Theophil Mitchell (1849-1924) Election: 1904, Associate Fellow Affiliation at election: Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Bacteriologist; Pathologist; Educator; Research institution administrator Prusiner, Stanley Ben (1942-) Election: 1993, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of California, San Francisco Residence at election: San Francisco, CA Career description: Neurologist; Biochemist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Przeworski, Adam (1940-) Election: 1991, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Chicago Residence at election: Chicago, IL Career description: Political scientist; Educator Current affiliation: New York University Ptacek, Louis J. (1961-) Election: 2008, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of California, San Francisco Residence at election: San Francisco, CA Career description: Neurologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 1780-2016 471 Ptashne, Mark Steven (1940-) Election: 1977, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Molecular biologist; Educator Current affiliation: Memorial SloanKettering Cancer Center Puck, Theodore Thomas (1916-2005) Election: 1967, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Colorado Medical School Residence at election: Denver, CO Career description: Geneticist; Biophysicist; Educator Pulitzer, Emily Rauh (1933-) Election: 2013, Fellow Affiliation at election: Pulitzer Foundation for the Arts Residence at election: St. Louis, MO Career description: Historian (art); Museum curator; Foundation founder and executive; Philanthropist Current affiliation: Same Pullum, Geoffrey Keith (1945-) Election: 2003, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of California, Santa Cruz Residence at election: Santa Cruz, CA Career description: Language and literary scholar; Educator Current affiliation: University of Edinburgh, UK Pumpelly, Raphael (1837-1923) Election: 1870, Fellow Affiliation at election: Government of Michigan; Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Mining geologist; Explorer; Government research agency administrator; Educator Pupin, Michael Idvorsky (1858-1935) Election: 1905, Associate Fellow Affiliation at election: Columbia University Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Physicist; Educator Purcell, Edward Mills (1912-1997) Election: 1950, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Physicist; Educator Purves, Clifford Burrough (1902-1965) Election: 1939, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Chemist; Educator; Research institution administrator Putnam, Frederic Ward (1839-1915) Election: 1865, Fellow Affiliation at election: Essex Institute Residence at election: Salem, MA Career description: Anthropologist; Naturalist; Museum administrator; Educator Purves, Dale (1938-) Election: 1999, Fellow Affiliation at election: Duke University Medical Center Residence at election: Durham, NC Career description: Neurobiologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Putnam, George (1807-1878) Election: 1847, Fellow Affiliation at election: Roxbury, MA Residence at election: Roxbury, MA Career description: Clergy member Pusey, Anne (1949-) Election: 2005, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Minnesota Residence at election: Minneapolis, MN Career description: Primatologist; Animal behaviorist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Pusey, Nathan Marsh (1907-2001) Election: 1954, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Academic administrator; Historian; Classicist Putnam, Charles Gideon (1805-1875) Election: 1857, Fellow Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Physician Putnam, Charles Pickering (1844-1914) Election: 1912, Fellow Affiliation at election: Boston Society for the Relief of Destitute Mothers Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Physician Putnam, Frank William (1917-2006) Election: 1974, Fellow Affiliation at election: Indiana University Residence at election: Bloomington, IN Career description: Biochemist; Immunologist; Educator Putnam, George (1926-) Election: 1989, Fellow Affiliation at election: Putnam Group Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Company executive (investment management) Current affiliation: Putnam Investment Management Company Putnam, Herbert (George Herbert) (1861-1955) Election: 1902, Associate Fellow Affiliation at election: U.S. Library of Congress Residence at election: Washington, DC Career description: Librarian Putnam, Hilary Whitehall (1926-2016) Election: 1966, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Philosopher; Educator Putnam, James Jackson (1846-1918) Election: 1878, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Medical School Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Neurologist; Educator Putnam, Michael Courtney Jenkins (1933-) Election: 1996, Fellow Affiliation at election: Brown University Residence at election: Providence, RI Career description: Classicist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Putnam, Robert David (1941-) Election: 1980, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Political scientist; Educator; Academic administrator Current affiliation: Same Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 1780-2016 472 Putnam, Samuel (1768-1853) Election: 1824, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Supreme Court Residence at election: Salem, MA Career description: Lawyer; Jurist Putnam, Tracy Jackson (1894-1975) Election: 1935, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical School Residence at election: Brookline, MA Career description: Neurologist; Educator; Hospital administrator Puvis de Chavannes, Pierre Cecile (18241898) Election: 1897, FHM Affiliation at election: Paris, France Residence at election: Paris, France Career description: Artist (painter) Pyle, Anna Marie (1963-) Election: 2005, Fellow Affiliation at election: Yale University Residence at election: New Haven, CT Career description: Biochemist; Biophysicist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Pynchon, Thomas Ruggles (1823-1904) Election: 1892, Associate Fellow Affiliation at election: Trinity College Residence at election: Hartford, CT Career description: Educator; Clergy member; Academic administrator Pyne, Stephen Joseph (1949-) Election: 1995, Fellow Affiliation at election: Arizona State University Residence at election: Phoenix, AZ Career description: Historian; Educator Current affiliation: Same Pye, Lucian Wilmot (1921-2008) Election: 1962, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Political scientist; Educator Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 1780-2016 473