Energy - AHK Mexiko

Transcription

Energy - AHK Mexiko

Circular Economy and Regional Added Value
New Business Options through Material Flow
Management
October 2013
Prof. Dr. Peter Heck
Managing Director
Institute for Applied Material Flow Management (IfaS)
Potenziale erkennen!
Prozesse optimieren!
Mehrwert schaffen!
©2010 Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement (IfaS)
Datos Generales Campus Ambiental en Birkenfeld
Environmental Campus Birkenfeld (ECB)

Aprox. 7.000 estudiantes (2.500 en ECB)

Más de 150 profesores (60 en ECB)

estudiantes internationales de más de 60 países

Más de 150 cooperaciones con universidades
internacionales

10 institutos de investigación

Presupuesto de investigación de aprox. 6
millones de Euros
Mehrwert schaffen!
Campus Cero Emisiones



100% Calor proveniente de fuentes renovables basado en
aprovechamiento de madera residual, biogás y energía solar
térmica
100% Electricidad proveniente de fuentes renovables basada en
cogeneración y páneles de energía solra fotovoltáica
100% Eficiencia
 Aprovechamiento de calor
 Sistemas de enfriamiento basados en geotermia y adsorción solar
 Edificaciones pasivas de bajo consumo de energía
 Campus como biotopo
 Utilización de aguas lluvia
 Gestión de aguas residuales y aprovechamiento de nutrientes
(en planificación)
Mehrwert schaffen!
Concepto ecológico
Edificios modernos equipados con energías renovables
Mehrwert schaffen!
Using Geothermal Heat and Cold
Geothermal Heat and Cold Exchanger
Mehrwert schaffen!
Air Inlet
Waste to Energy: Energía proveniente del
aprovechamiento de los residuos sólidos orgánicos
Mehrwert schaffen!
Parque ecoindustrial
Mehrwert schaffen!
Otras innovaciones
 Dormitorios de estudiantes con
estándares pasivos de bajo consumo de
energía y cero abastecimiento de calor
 Sistemas de recubrimiento con madera
modular para el bajo consumo de
energía
Mehrwert schaffen!
Calle demostratiba con lámparas LED para la
iluminación pública (4)
Source: ECB, 2013
Mehrwert schaffen!
Departmentos de IfaS
 Gestión de flujos de
materiales internacional
 Educación y capacitación
 Fundraising
 Biomasa y desarrollo cultural
del paisaje
 Eficiencia energética y
energías renovables
 Electromobilidad
 Cero Emisiones
 Comunicación y relaciones
públicas
Mehrwert schaffen!
Corta lista de proyectos de IfaS
 Desarrollo de una estrategia de Economía Circular para el
Estado Alemán de Renania Palatinado
 Desarrollo de una “Política de Cero Emisiones” para el
Ministerio Federal Alemán de Medio Ambiente
 Protección del Clima y concepto de cero emisiones y
economía circular para regiones, universidades, industrias en
Alemania, China, Turquía, Colombia, Brasil, Marruecos, Sri
Lanka, etc.
 Estrategias nacionales e internacionales de capacitación y
asesoría para estrategias de cero emisiones
 Conceptos de gestión de aguas residuales, gestión de
residuos sólidos, eficiencia energética y energías renovables
en Europa, Asia, África y América Latina
 Desarrollo de proyectos en Carbon Footprint, Carbon
Management y CDM
 Proyectos innovadores para la EU (ejemplo SEMS, ZECOS).
Mehrwert schaffen!
Proyectos actuales a nivel mundial:
- Cabo Verde
Estrategia 2020: Cabo Verde 100% renovable
Campos de acción:
 Eficiencia energética
 Energías renovables
 Gestión de actores y redes
 Gestión sostenible de residuos sólidos
Bevölkerung:
491.875 (2010)
 Protección del clima
Financiamiento: Ministerio de relaciones exteriores, Großherzogtum
Luxemburg
Contratante: Ministerio de energía de turismo, industria y energia de Cabo
Verde
Mehrwert schaffen!
IfaS en Latinoamérica
Desarrollo de
proyectos y
contactos desde el
2004
Mehrwert schaffen!
Proyectos de IfaS en Latinoamérica (1)
 Estudio de viabildad y diseño de ingeniería para un Centro de Tratamiento
de residuos sólidos municipales en la Región Marga-Marga, V. Región,
Valparaíso, Chile. Financiado por el banco KfW y el Ministerio alemán de
medio ambiente
 Estudio de viabildad para un concepto de aprovechamiento energético y
material de los residuos sólidos municipales de la Provincia Guanetá,
Santander, Colombia. Financiado por el Instituto Colombiano de
Investigación Colciencias y la industria cementera ARGOS S.A.
 Concepto de Gestión de Flujos de Materiales para la Ciudad Curitiba, en
trabajo conjunto con la alcaldía y otras institutciones locales
 Planificación de un concepto de gestión y tratamiento de residuos sólidos
municipales para las municipalidades Campo Alegre, Corupá, São Bento do
Sul e Rio Negrinho in Santa Catarina, Brasil. Financiado por la emoresa de
servicios públicos SAMAE
Mehrwert schaffen!
Proyectos de IfaS en Latinoamérica (2)
 Estudio de viabilidad para una planta de biogás para el aprovechamiento
energético de los residuos orgánicos de la Ciudad Colombo en Brasil
 Concepto Cero Emisiones para el Parque Nacional de Foz do Iguacu, Brasil
 Energía Solar en pequeñas fincas agrículas (Solar off-grid) Barreiras, Brazil
 En negotiación: proyectos en el área de residuos sólidos y gestión de flujos
de materiales con el área metropolitana de Curitiba y los recicladores de
materiales reciclábles en Paraná en Brasil y con la Secretaría de Medio
Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable de Buenos Aires en Argentina.
Mehrwert schaffen!
Filosofía de IfaS
Mehrwert schaffen!
Escenarios de los recursos mundiales
Gestión de flujos de materiales
Sociedad
Demanda mundial de
materiales y energía
Eficiencia/ Negocios verdes
potenciales
Gestión de flujos
de materiales
Economía circular
Desarrollo histórico
Mehrwert schaffen!
Desarrollo futuro
More Added Value!
Where is the money?
 Money for purchase of fossil resources:
(Quelle: Statistisches Bundesamt (2010);
eigene Berechnung)
 in 2004:
 in 2005:
 in 2007:
 in 2009:
 in 2012:
40 Mrd. Euro
55 Mrd. Euro
64 Mrd. Euro
58 Mrd. Euro (economoc crisis)
ca. 83 Mrd. Euro
Mehrwert schaffen!
Energy costs in our villages
A village with 300 households creates energy costs
of approximately 700.000 € per year
In Germany these costs are increasing by 4 to 6%
per year
The village is losing purchasing power every year
Why not starting to invest that money instead
of spending it ??
© Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement
Potenziale erkennen.
Prozesse optimieren.
Mehrwert schaffen.
Ressource Efficiency in SME
Profit
3%
Target: 25% more profit
Two options:
Materialcosts
43%

Increase in turnover of 25%

Or

Reduction of material costs from 44 to 42,25%

others
54%
Reduction of material costs by 1,7% leads
to 25% more profit!
VDI, 2012
Mehrwert schaffen!
Gestión del Flujo de Materiales GFME
Definición:
Es un profundo análisis dirigido a la optimización de
materiales y flujos de energía, que surgen en la
producción de productos y servicios.
La aplicación de la GFM ofrece las posibilidades de unir la
rentabilidad económica, la protección del medio ambiente
y la generación de valor agregado regional.
Mehrwert schaffen!
Flujo de Materiales y Energía con GFME
Flujo de Materiales y Energía
Medios Financieros
Potencial
Flujo de Materiales y
Energía
Medios
Financieros
Mehrwert schaffen!
MFM Key Material Flow Potentials in
Regions













Water/Waste Water,
Urban Waste,
Sewage Sludge
Fossile Energy Sources
Fossile End energy (electricity,
heat, cold,)
Renewable Energies
Biomass
Agricultural Waste
Buildings and Infrastructure
Waste Fats and Oils
Traffic and Mobility
Special aspects like e.g. Tourism
Etc…..
Mehrwert schaffen!
Foto: H.-G. Oed
Foto: IfaS
Energy – A Huge Potential in Northern Africa
 less than 4% of the Sahara area is sufficient to cover world electricity demand
 An area of 600km x 600km would provide enough electricity for the world
 the boxes indicate the necessary space to cover the electricity
demand of the world, the EU-25, Germany
Mehrwert schaffen!
Development of PV in Germany
Entwicklung der Stromerzeugung und installierten Leistung
von Photovoltaikanlagen in Deutschland
18.000
18.000
17.320 MWp
Energiebereitstellung [GWh]
16.000
installierte Leistung [MWp]
4.000
4.000
11.683
6.583
4.420
3.075
2.220
0
1.282
8
6
3
2
1
2.000
556
6.000
313
6.000
162
8.000
76
8.000
64
10.000
42
10.000
32
12.000
26
12.000
16
14.000
11
14.000
[MWp]
[GWh]
16.000
2.000
0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Quelle: BMU-KI III 1 nach Arbeitsgruppe Erneuerbare Energien-Statistik (AGEE-Stat); 1 GWh = 1 Mio. kWh; 1 MW = 1 Mio. Watt; Bild: BMU / Bernd Müller; Stand: Juli 2011; Angaben vorläufig
Mehrwert schaffen!
Solar Energy Management
Mehrwert schaffen!
Solar Energy Management
Mehrwert schaffen!
Results of Material Flow Analysis (MFA)
PV-Potentials – 10 exemplar calculations
 Profitability and finance of 10 reference plants:
Institution
Institution
Kindergarten Cochem
Förderschule Dohr
Kommunaler Kindergarten Düngenheim
Sport- und Freizeithalle Landkern
Sport- und Mehrzweckhalle Treis-Karden
Rosenthalhalle Binningen
Grossmann Transporte
Landwirtschaftlicher Betrieb Naß
Kommunaler Kindergarten Peterswald-Löffelscheid
Stimmiger Berghalle
Erzeugte
StromSpez. JahresElectricity
Annual output
menge
ertrag
produced
PV capacity
PVLeistung
BezugsArea
fläche
10 kWp
67 kWp
24 kWp
17 kWp
105 kWp
10 kWp
38 kWp
54 kWp
23 kWp
26 kWp
74 m²
646 m²
178 m²
121 m²
1.013 m²
156 m²
287 m²
517 m²
176 m²
254 m²
8.033 kWh/a
62.490 kWh/a
20.824 kWh/a
14.296 kWh/a
98.344 kWh/a
8.690 kWh/a
32.645 kWh/a
49.495 kWh/a
19.878 kWh/a
23.220 kWh/a
374 kWp
3.421 m²
337.914 kWh/a
Average
Mittelwert
Gesamt
Total
826 kWh/kWp
928 kWh/kWp
852 kWh/kWp
861 kWh/kWp
933 kWh/kWp
884 kWh/kWp
866 kWh/kWp
917 kWh/kWp
857 kWh/kWp
878 kWh/kWp
880 kWh/kWp
 1,2 Mio. € total investments
 130.000 € compensation for the electricity fed into the
grid/a
 300 t CO2 savings a year
Mehrwert schaffen!
Results of Material Flow Analysis (MFA)
PV-Potentials
 balance PV-Potentials for residential buildings:
Dach
Roof
Presumption:
75% of the buildings are
suitable!
Anzahl
Number of
Gebäude
buildings
Flachdach
1.754
Flat roof
Süddach
3.947
South
facing
Süd-West-Dach
3.947
South
West facing
Süd-Ost-Dach
3.947
South
East facing
East
facing
Ostdächer
1.973
West
facing
Westdächer
1.973
Gesamt Total
17.542
Correction
factor
abzgl. Korrekturfaktor
Subtotal
Zwischensumme
MinusSolarthermie
solar thermal
abzgl.
Total
PV Potential
Summe
PV Potenzial
Dachfläche
Roof area
157.876 m²
276.283 m²
276.283 m²
276.283 m²
138.141 m²
138.141 m²
1.263.006 m²
252.601 m²
1.010.405 m²
175.418 m²
834.987 m²
Installierte
Electricity
Stromerträge
Installed
kWp
kWp
produced
19.734 kWp
33.845 kWp
31.772 kWp
31.772 kWp
14.332 kWp
14.332 kWp
131.456 kWp
26.291 kWp
105.165 kWp
17.761.022 kWh/a
30.460.153 kWh/a
28.595.245 kWh/a
28.595.245 kWh/a
12.898.942 kWh/a
12.898.942 kWh/a
118.310.607 kWh/a
23.662.121 kWh/a
94.648.486 kWh/a
104.373 kWp
93.936.071 kWh/a
 Balance PV Power Plants’ Potentials:
on 1% of the whole arable land (165 ha)
 47 MWp installable.
 44,9 GWh power generatable
Mehrwert schaffen!
Energy efficiency
Mehrwert schaffen!
Optimization of energy flows
electricity
electricity
heat
heatloss
loss
energysource
source
energy
wastewater
wastewater
heat/ cooling
natural
natural resource
resource
product
Mehrwert schaffen!
Concepts of Energy Efficiency
Losses in final
use
F
i
n
a
l
U
S
E
Direct heat
Useful Energy
Secondary
Energy
Final Energy
Primary
Energy
Transformation
Losses in
transformation
Process heat
Motion energy
Lighting
Others
Mehrwert schaffen!
Energy saving potentials - TINA
10 %
Increase of
public
awareness
Actual situation
100 % demand
 40 %
Investition in
Technologies
 15 %
Synergism
Co-operations
Energy management
Network
Management
TINA = There is no alternative
Mehrwert schaffen!
Example I: Zero Emission Park – Methodology
Three Industrial Parks: Bottrop, Bremen and Kaiserslautern
 Determination of material and energy flows on the park-level as
well as on company / institution level
Mehrwert schaffen!
Goals of an energy management system
Price
Cost reduction
due to price reduction
 Energy purchase
 Contract conditions
 CO2 emissions certificate
 Energy conversion /
distribution
 e.g. heat / cooling
energy/compressed air
Total costs
 Energy input

production / product
Amount
Cost reduction due to
consumption decrease
Mehrwert schaffen!
Proceeding - Example
Data acquisition and assessment
Key data &
ratios
Raw data
Thermal energy
demand of dryer
Product output of
dryer
Specific energy
demand dryer
Thermal energy
demand – state
of the art
Comparison &
Assessment
Comparison of
the dryer with the
state of the art
„In comparison
with the state of
the art the dryer
is…
There is a saving
potential of X
Comparison of
the dryer with
theoretical min
„In comparison
with the
theoretical
minimum the
dryer is…
There is a saving
potential of Y
Evaporation
enthalpy of water
Change of
humidity in dryer
Theoretic
minimum energy
demand
Results &
Statements
Product
temperature
before/after
Definition of necessary data
Mehrwert schaffen!
Electricity producer  CHP  CHCP
Emergency generator
Cogeneration unit
Instead of holding up of technical
equipment
 Use the technique
Extremely proved technique
Temperature level up to 95°C
Absorption chiller
Mehrwert schaffen!
Pipes and armatures
 High losses at long term usage
 Steam-, condensate- and warm-water
pipes
 Insulate Steam pipes and armatures
Example: 323 m pipe, 15 armatures (about 90 °C medium temperature)

Gas savings:
279.000 kWh/year

Invest for insulating :
17.860 €

Dynamic amortisation:
1,3 years
Mehrwert schaffen!
Assemble magnetic valves at air treatment units
 Air treatment units for heating have emission
losses also without heat requirement
(about 10 %)
 Usage 8.760 h/year (?)
 Magnetic valves connected at thermostat
Example: 75 bits perfuse with steam
Mehrwert schaffen!

Gas saving:

Invest Material, assembly: 24.300 €

1.753.000 kWh/year
0,5 years
Recirculation condensate
 Unnecessary loss of „useful“
condensate
 Additional provision of fresh water
(demineralization)
 Additional use of energy (heat up
fresh water)
 Possibly costs for recooling before
discharge
Increasing the recycling rate from 40 % to 62 %

Gas savings:
1.496.000 kWh/a ≈ 60 EFHs/a

Fresh water savings:
21.780 €/a

Investment for optimization and steering:
20.000 € (?)

Dyn. amortisation:
0,3 a
Mehrwert schaffen!
Heat recovery cooling device
 Usage of waste heat
 Upgrading with heat exchanger
possible
 Raising return flow heating system /
directly usable
Example: cooling device with 800 kW cooling power (used during heat period)

Gas saving:
685.000 kWh/year = 27 EFHs/year

Invest for Material, assembly:
20.600 €

0,6 years
Mehrwert schaffen!
Heat recovery compressor
 Usage of waste heat
 About 94 % waste heat
 Upgrade also at air cooled
compressors (prove!)
 Increase return flow of heating
system
 Calibrate heating system mileages
Example: One compressor with 200 kW (full-load hours considered)

Gas saving:
429.000 kWh/year

Invest for Material, assembly:
14.700 €

Dynamic amortization:
1,2 years
Mehrwert schaffen!
Optimisation of lighting
 Wrong lamp (too high power, few
spread)
 Uneven lighting
 Not adapted to current usage (old
continuance)
Example: Replace 14 x HQL (250 W) to 30 T5-lamp (54 W)

Energy saving:
16.000 kWh/year

Invest for material, assembly:
3.360 €

1,9 years
Mehrwert schaffen!
Scopes and emissions across the value chain
To Be
Discussed
Overview of GHG Protocol scopes and emissions across the value chain
Mehrwert schaffen!
Setting targets for own reduction
Suggestion: First data assessment than formulation of ER targets
Mehrwert schaffen!
Sustainable Buildings:
Energy Producer of the Future
Producing energy!
Link: http://www.juwi.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Unternehmen/Neubaubroschuere_12_2008.pdf
Mehrwert schaffen!
Low-energy house
1) Design & shading
4) HVAC (heating, ventilation, air conditioning)
2) Insulation of roof,
walls and windows
3) Solar or
geothermal
energy
5) EE appliances:
lighting, white goods,
office equipment, etc.
6) Behaviour
MEDA Low-energy house:
5-10% incremental cost,
40-50% energy saving / comfort increase
Mehrwert schaffen!
Energy efficient buidlings: Life cycle cost analysis
Mehrwert schaffen!
Potential LED street lighting
Mehrwert schaffen!
Project feasability of LED
∆ ca. 41.000 €
Δ ca. 40.000 €
Amortisatin nach 6 Jahren (im Vergleich zu NAV 70 W)
Mehrwert schaffen!
Zero Emission County: Cochem-Zell
 Goals:
-
To become a Zero Emission District
To reduce CO2 Emissions by 50% by 2020
To achieve CO2 Neutral Tourism within the Region
Area: 720 km2
Population: 65 048
Mehrwert schaffen!
2. Key results of the Climate Protection Concept:
a. Energy and GHG balance of the county
Total electricity consumption
Approx. 463.046 MWh/a
Total heat consumption
Approx. 1.238.974 MWh/a
Cash outflows
Electricity: approx. 113 million €/a
Heat: approx. 93 million €/a
Transport: approx. 87 million €/a
Total: approx. 293 million €/a
approx. 573.007 t CO2/a
Waste cf.
Transport/heat/electricity
Accumulated regional added value
Investment 2011:
530 million €
Transport approx.
799.527 MWh/a
Energy produced out of regional resources
Electricity: approx. 304.066 MWh/a
Heat: approx. 67.755 MWh/a
Mehrwert schaffen!
b. Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Potentials
Consumption sectors
Consumption 2010
[MWh/a]
Consumer groups
www.energie-portal.info
Private Households
Industry, others
Total consumption
Saving potentials in sectors
Electricity
144.907
315.800
460.707
Heat
992.366
256.410
1.248.776
Saving
Consumption 2050 [MWh/a] potentials
[MWh/a]
Electricity
72.597
140.810
213.407
247.300
Heat
464.137
122.690
586.827
661.949
600.539
308.710
909.249
(not including data from publicly owned buildings)
Reduction of stationary energy consumption until 2050 by 53%
possible!
 Technical and energetic refurbishment of existing residential
buildings
 Information policy regarding energy saving potentials through
www.mammographiescreening-sh-suedwest.de
targeted PR and networking (LEEN, PIUS etc.)
Mehrwert schaffen!
b. Renewable Energy and Energy Efficency Potentials
Renewable energy potentials
Technical
Potential
(MWh/a)
Electricity
Biomass
83.255
PV
451.266
Solar Thermal
0
Wind Energy
3.419.575
Hydropower
0
Geothermal energy
./.
Total
3.954.096
Heat
172.918
0
264.542
75.803
0
./.
513.263
Scenario
until 2050
(MWh/a)
Electricity
83.255
317.787
3.419.575
./.
3.820.617
Heat
216.267
0
212.795
75.803
0
./.
504.865
CO2 savings
in 2020
(t/CO2e)
28.300
25.720
52.750
820.000
0
./.
926.770
Technical potential - current state = potential for expansion
Exploitation of regional potentials till 2050 to more than 95 %
(high share of wind energy)




Biomass:
Buying in of about 25% of demand heat production
Photovoltaic
to 70% (80% roof and 25% ground mounted)
Solar thermal
to 80%
Wind energy
to 100%
Mehrwert schaffen!
b. Renewable Energy and Energy Efficency Potentials

Internal electricity consumption and efficiency lead to fluctuation of
demand

Expansion of Renewables increases drastically (most of all wind
energy)

Coverage of 507% till 2020 (county as electricity exporter)
Expansion
of Renewable Electricity
Zubau erneuerbarer
Strom
5.000.000
MWh/a
4.000.000
2050:
ca. 3.820.616 MWh,
ca. 828% EE
RES
3.000.000
2020:
ca. 2.322.058 MWh,
ca. 507% EE
RES
2.000.000
1.000.000
0
Electricity
Stromcons.
verbrauch [MWh/a]
Year
Wind gasBHKW
CHP
Windgas
463.046
458.032
394.118
461.259
2011
2020
2030
2050
Jahr
Biogas BHKW
CHP
Biogas
PV
Photovoltaik
Wind
Wind
Mehrwert schaffen!
b. Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Potentials

Reduction of heat consumption till 2050 through improvements in efficiency of
up to 50%

Successive expansion of renewable heat (2050 at approx. 90%)


100% renewable heat possible through RES electricity
Implementation of innovative technologies (e.g. wind gas plants)
Expansion
of the share of heat
from RES
Zubau erneuerbarer
Wärme
600.000
2050:
ca. 536.058 MWh,
ca. 89% EE
RES
500.000
MWh/a
400.000
300.000
2020:
ca. 254.935 MWh,
ca. 26% EE
RES
200.000
Wind gasBHKW
CHP
Windgas
100.000
Heat pumps
Wärmepumpen
Heat
0
Wärmecons.
verbrauch [MWh/a]
Year
Jahr
1.238.974
999.083
839.395
602.964
2011
2020
2030
2050
Mehrwert schaffen!
BiogasBHKW
CHP
Biogas
Biomass (solid)
BiomasseFestbrennstoffe
Solar thermal
Solarthermie
c. Development Potentials till 2050
Total electricity consumption
Before: Approx. 463.046 MWh/a
Cash outflows
Total: approx. 35million €/a
Before: 293 million €/a
Total heat consumption
Before: Approx. 1.238.974
MWh/a
Waste cf.
Transport/heat/elect
ricity
Accumulated regional added value
Asset investment 2011:
530 mio. €
Transport
approx. 427.063 MWh/a
Before: approx. 799.527
11,2 Billion € in 2050
Energy produced out of regional resources
Electricity: approx. 3.820.616 MWh/a
Before: approx. 304.066 MWh/a
Heat: approx. 536.058 MWh/a
Before: 67.755 MWh/a
Mehrwert schaffen!
Hybrid Power Plants as an alternative option to grid extension
Hybridkraftwerk Prenzlau
Combination of Wind, Biogas
and Hydrogen
6 MW installed capacity
Invest: ca. 21 Mio. €
Hydrogen from Wind Power
Energy storgae through
Hydrogen
Quelle: Monika Strehlow, dapd
Mehrwert schaffen!
Zero CO2e Sistema de certificación de emisiones

Datos:








Socios:

4 países (Bélgica, Alemania, Irlanda, Gran Bretania)
11 Socios
8 Municipios
2 Sub-contratantes
7 Acompanantes
4 Paquetes de trabajo
Presupuesto: € 8,503,403.99
Duración: 3.5 Jahre
Actividades:

Desarrollo de un sistema de certificacióno de cero emisiones CO2e

Análisis de mecanismos de financiamiento

Desarrollo de planes maestro de cero emisiones CO2e y proyectos pilotos
en 8 Municipalidades (por ejemplo: sistemas de iluminación pública con
LED, Redes de calor, Electro-Mobilidad, saneamiento de edificaciones)

Recomendaciones a nivel político a nivel local, nacional y de la Unión
Europea
Mehrwert schaffen!
ZE City Lakhaita (Morocco)
Mehrwert schaffen!
Prices for Renewable Energy City
2,50 DH
Electricity prices
(conventional
electricity)
2,00 DH
1,50 DH
Electricity prices
(renewable electricity)
1,00 DH
0,50 DH
0,00 DH
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Mehrwert schaffen!
Sustainable (Waste) Water Management
Mehrwert schaffen!
Current linear system
Source: Conradin, 2010, http://www.sswm.info/category/concept/linking-sustainable-sanitation-water-management-and-agriculture
Mehrwert schaffen!
“Definition” & historical background
The classical comprehension of waste water leads to the
following “technical solutions”:
 Collecting waste water in sewers
 To treat the wastewater in centralized treatment plants
Out of sight, out of mind
Mehrwert schaffen!
What means “to collect wastewater in sewers” and treat it in
centralized plants?
Germany collects and transports wastewater within a
network of 486.000 km* sewer.
 Not sustainable, not transferable to most countries
(albeit a good quality of water bodies is reached in most rivers and lakes)
Mehrwert schaffen!
Rain water management
 Modification of the hydrological cycle resulting
from urbanisation
Mehrwert schaffen!
Childrens playground
Mehrwert schaffen!
Collection and transport
Mehrwert schaffen!
Reuse in toilets ans air conditioning
Mehrwert schaffen!
Analysis of separated waste water flows
100.0%
80.0%
60.0%
Water
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Potassium
40.0%
Organic material (COD)
20.0%
0.0%
Grey water Yellow water Brown water
Source: Modifié d‘après Otterpohl u. Oldenburg 2002
Mehrwert schaffen!
Aerobic versus Anaerobic
Aerobic
Aeration
CSB
CO2 + H2O
- 0,35 kWhEL/kg CSB
Biogas
Anaerobic
CSB
+ 0,9 kWhEL/kg CSB
CH4 + CO2
BHKW
BiogasAnlage
Mehrwert schaffen!
Separation of waste water flows
70 % of energy
demand in WWT
More than 80 % of
energy content
More than 60%
of heavy metals
More than 60%
of N and P
Mehrwert schaffen!
1 m3 Urin contains on average:
9,2
kg
Stickstoff
1,0
kg
Phosphor
2,2
kg
Kalium
Treatment (elimination of nutrients and energy) of 1 m3 Abwasser takes on
average 0,5 kWh Energie. Production of 1 kg Nitrogen takes ca. 10 kWh.
Exploration of1 kg Phosphorous takes ca. 10 kWh. Etc.
De Facto, conventional Waste water treatment destroys valuable raw
materials and energy by using fossil energy and money
Mehrwert schaffen!
Waterless urinals
Source: www.urimat.de
 Water consumption at urinals
 Servicing infra-red controls
 Exemplary exchange of 40
urinals
 No consumption of electricity,
water
 No service necessary
 Water savings:
1.620 m³/year
 Invest:
20.000 €
 Dynamic amortisation:
4,9 years
Mehrwert schaffen!
Technical conception for recycling of nutrients
Faulgas
Schwarzwasser
Produkte:
Fest/FlüssigTrennung
Feststoff
zur landwirtschaftl.
Verwertung
55°C
Faulung
MgO
H2SO4
Luft
NaOH
Fest/FlüssigTrennung
flüssig
MAP-Fällung
MAP
Flüssigphase
AmmoniakStrippung
Luft
(NH4)2SO4 Lösung
zur Kläranlage
Mehrwert schaffen!
These resource potentials are equivalent to:
• 27 % of global demand for Nitrogen,
• 28 % of global demand for Phosphorous
• 55 % of global demand for potassium
• Energy contained in organic compounds of
waste water is equivalent to 58 Mio. t Coal
units/a
Primary energy = 0,3 % of world energy
demand
Mehrwert schaffen!
Adapted Technology
BAU (herkömmliches Abwasser)
P
N2
CSB, NH4+
Vergleich
VBB -75%
After separation of yellow water
CSB
O2 -50%
ÜSd +5%
Fe3+ -80%
 Urin (0,8 % of waste water amount but 87% of N) responsible fo
of total costs in waste water treatemnt!!!
Mehrwert schaffen!
Options for optimisation
Mehrwert schaffen!
Separate treatment of blacksoil and grey water
through vaccuum sewer system
Waste water
treatment
Waste water from
household, kitchen wastee
sludge
Heat
+ 55 KWh
Electricity
+30 KWh
Agricultural biomass
Waste water
Energy gains
per capita and
year
 Energy efficient combined Waste water and organic
waste treatment
Biogas plant
Used water for toilet
flushing
renewable energy
fertilizer
Quelle: Modifiziert nach Dr.-Ing. Markus Gerlach, Roediger Vacuum, 2010
Discover Potentials!
Optimise Processes!
Create Added Value!
©2011 Institute for applied Material Flow Management (IfaS)
Wetland Treatment Systems
90 EGW
1150 EW
Mehrwert schaffen!
Best Practice to Next Practice:
sustainable biomass production in desert areas
Mehrwert schaffen!
Optimization of existing WWTP
 Activated sludge WWTP
 Energetic optimisation of the WWTP
 Nutrient recovery
 Combination of the WWTP with the production
of micro-algae
Mehrwert schaffen!
Flow chart energy positive waste water treatment
plant
Quelle: Dipl.-Ing. Stefan Krieger, HYDRO-Ingenieure Energie & Wasser GmbH, 2011
Mehrwert schaffen!
Cost comparison status quo and optimized
Current situation
Investment
Construction
Technical equipment
Research & Engineering
Total investment
Operation costs
Energy costs (electricity, gas)
other operation & maintenance costs
Total operation costs
Energy autarky
€
€
€
€
780.000 €
686.500 €
243.000 €
1.709.500 €
73.800 €/a
63.500 €/a
137.300€/a
- €
57.000€/a
57.000€/a
-
Mehrwert schaffen!
Development of costs in 2 scenarios
Mehrwert schaffen!
MFM Case study in China: Lintong and Jimo
MFM in China
Mehrwert schaffen!
Pollution I: Sunlight cow community
Photos in 2006.8 © IfaS
Mehrwert schaffen!
Pollution II: Renliu cow community
Photos in 2007.1 © IfaS
Mehrwert schaffen!
Environmental pollution
Water hyacinth
The effluent of animal dung and waste water create
problems in drinking water supply and energy
generation:
Mehrwert schaffen!
Closing the loop: feeding organic matter back to the
agriculture: example China
Mehrwert schaffen!
Research site: Jimo city
Source: Jimo city, Photos taken by IfaS in May 2010
Mehrwert schaffen!
Research site: Jimo city with MFM
Mehrwert schaffen!
Waste Management
 No waste strategy
 Waste as a management failure
 Ressource centers
Mehrwert schaffen!
Waste „Management“ ?...
Mehrwert schaffen!
Impressions of the Landfill “Kizilli”
Mehrwert schaffen!
Initial situation of the solid waste management
© Institut für angewandtes
Stoffstrommanagement
Potenziale
erkennen!
Mehrwert schaffen!
Prozesse
optimieren.
Mehrwert schaffen.
©2010 Institut
für angewandtes
(IfaS)
Cachimba Landfil
Mehrwert schaffen!
Actual effects from waste treatment in landfills








Large transportation efforts
Treatment costs for leachate
Additional energy required for treatment on landfill
External effects by methane emissions (GHG), water
pollution
Energy content in waste is not used
No creation of new jobs, no investment in technology
Landfill space will be used up (additional investment costs)
Difficulties in finding new landfill space
  negative added value!!!
Mehrwert schaffen!
There is more in waste….
Our waste creates light.
Mehrwert schaffen!
Mehrwert schaffen!
Municipal Waste: Target 2020
Landfilling of
untreated waste since
2005 no longer
allowed
Mehrwert schaffen!
Centro de recursos no lugar de aterro em SBS

Centro de recursos SBS
Aterro sanitario SBS
Mehrwert schaffen!
Technology chart for Marga Marga Chile
Mehrwert schaffen!
Value from biomass
Mehrwert schaffen!
Available potentials from biomass in
million. liter oil equivalent per year in RLP*
Oil equivalents
* without commercial organical
waste and landscape conservation
Altenkirchen
< 10 Mio. Liter Heizöl
> 10 - 20 Mio. Liter Heizöl
Westerwaldkreis
Neuwied
Ahrweiler
> 60 Mio. Liter Heizöl
MayenKoblenz
KO
RheinLahn
Daun
BitburgPrüm
CochemZell
RheinHunsrück
BernkastelWittlich
Bad
Kreuznach
TR
Donnersberg
Frankenthal
Kusel
Industry and commerce
Kaiserslautern
Agriculture
KL
Communes
ZW
Forestry
MZ
AlzeyWorms
Birkenfeld
TrierSaarburg
Landscape conservation
MainzBingen
Südwestpfalz
PS
LU
Bad
Dürkheim Rhein-Pfalz
NW
Südl.
Weinstr.
SP
LD
Germers
heim
Mehrwert schaffen!
Dry
Weak degradability
wet
High degradability
Mehrwert schaffen!
Energy Potential of organic household waste in RLP
and Saarland state
tFM/a
m³/h
Mehrwert schaffen!
Use of greenery residues for heating of a district
school
Grünschnitt
Hackschnitzel
Anlieferung
• Vom Kostenfaktor zum Ertragsfaktor
• Schaffung von Arbeitsplätzen vor Ort
• IfaS Portfolio: Vom Rohstoff bis zur Anlagentechnik
•
Ist-Situation
Entsorgung
Kosten
Beheizung Schule
Grünschnitt-Ströme
LEADER-Pilotgebiet
Energetische
Nutzung
Kosteneinsparung,
Brennstoff für
Biomasse-HKW
Soll-Szenario (Optimierung)
Mehrwert schaffen!
Project Example: Wood Logistics – Value Creation
Local heat
network Körprich
Primary
School
KiGa
Woody green waste
Feuerwehr
Fire Brigade
Wood from communal
forest
Wood energy plant in
Nalbach, Piesbach and
Körprich
Local heat
Litermont Hall
network Nalbach
Sports Hall
School
City Hall
KiGa
others
Wood from
short rotation plantations
Input,
raw materials
 Acquisition through
timber harvest,
processing and supply
Produktion,
preocessing
Preparation
 Transportation in between
the processes
 Drying(Air or mech.)
Transportation
 Intermediate storage (or at
the premises of the biomass
plant)
Mehrwert schaffen!
utilisation
(creation)
 Transportation
 Storage
 Burning
Text ...
utilisation
(recovery)
 Feeding-in into
the district heating
system
 Provision of heat
to the end users
Recycling of waste fats and use as a fuel: example
from Austria
Daten
Menge / Einheit
Ökostromerzeugung aus flüssiger Biomasse zur
Einspeisung ins öffentliche Netz
Ökostromerzeugung aus Klärgas
Wärmeerzeugung aus BHKW's für die
Klärschlammtrocknung
7.000 MWh / a
2.000 MWh / a
10.000 MWh / a
Heizöl-Substitution
950.000 Liter
geschaffene Dauerarbeitsplätze
9
Reduktion der Klärschlammmenge
ca. 3.000 t / a
Heizwert des Trockengranulats
5.000 MWh / a
Sammelmenge Altspeisefett gesamt
1.850 t / a
Sammelmenge Altspeisefett / Einwohner
ca. 1,0 kg / EW*a
Waste fat collection
Transport
Mehrwert schaffen!
Central storage
Cogen and sludge dryer
Digester
7100 Biogas Plants in Germany!
Mehrwert schaffen!
Biological treatment for organic waste fractions
1 ton organic waste: 50
liters of oil and 600 kg
fertilizer or waste?
Mehrwert schaffen!
Biogas flow chart
Mehrwert schaffen!
Comparison between composting and fermentation
-55
Mehrwert schaffen!
Resource Potential of Bio-waste in China
 Biogas potential
Bio-waste
Amount
t-dry/a
Biogas
106m3/a
Methane
106m3/a
Energy
109 MJ/a
BMW
29.5×106
12600
7080
274
Septic
feces
0.6×106
270
175
6
Sewage
sludge
2.3×106
410
287
10
Crop
straws
600×106
202500
141750
5125
Manures
710×106
319500
207600
7510
~357000
~12900
Total
Waste
Energy
51%
of fuel gas consumption of China in 2007 (693500×106m3)
Mehrwert schaffen!
Biogas from municipal waste as a fuel in
Malmö, Sweden
Mehrwert schaffen.
Conditioning/Utilization of the
Biogas as a Fuel
Mehrwert schaffen!
Sacking plant for pellets to big bags or sacks
Mehrwert schaffen!
Compost Value (Example in Germany)
Compost Value (€/t)
Calculation of the compost value on the basis of the average
fertilizer price in Westfalen-Lippe and Humus value on the basis of
humus reproduction of straw (2007-1013)
CompostHumus (C)
Magnesium
(MgO)
Lime
(CaO)
Potassium
(K2O)
 Phosphorus
(P2O5)
Nitrogen
(N)
Source: Verbande der Humus- und Erdenwirtschaft, 01.02.2013
http://www.vhe.de/aktuelles/kompostwert-der-kompostpreis/
Mehrwert schaffen!
Managing carbon in modern societies
Terra Preta
Waste water and organic waste turned into stored
carbon in form of highly fertile soil: Terra Preta
Mehrwert schaffen!
Basic Concept: Mechanical-Biological Treatment
Composting
Biological Treatment
Mechanical Separation
Mehrwert schaffen!
Mechanical treatment
3
4
5
2
1
Legend:
1.
Reception
2.
Conveyor Belt
3.
Cabins 1: for separation of disturbing materials
4.
Trommel for separation of waste fractions: <80mm and >80mm
5.
Cabins 2: for separation of waste fractions (paper, plastics, metals, etc)
Mehrwert schaffen!
Basic Concept – Mechanical Treatment
 Separation of the organic fraction & recyclables
Mehrwert schaffen!
Products of the resource center
Recycling materials
Liquid and solid fertilizer
Energy (thermical and
electrical)
Optional: RDF: Reuse derived
fuels from the high caloric
fraction / residual materials
Mehrwert schaffen!
Comercialization
Utilization in the
agriculture
Own consumption
and/or PPA
Development of Marketing
strategy
Utilisation of light fraction for RDF-Production
 Resource derived fuel
can be produced from
organic material,
paper, wood, plastic,
rubber, textiles to
create a high caloric
fuel that can be used
e.g. in cement
industries
Mehrwert schaffen!
Mehrwert schaffen!
RDF pellets
Mehrwert schaffen!
RDF use in cement industry
Mehrwert schaffen!
Socio - economical aspects
Mehrwert schaffen!
From Waste to Ressources
Waste wood
contaminated
Mehrwert schaffen!
Practical example in Chile
Municipal Waste Treatment Center , V. Region,
Valparaiso, Chile
4 Municipalities: Limache, Olmué, Quilpué
and Villa Alemana
Approx. 100.000 tons of solid waste
yearly, increasing by 2.7% yearly
50% of the waste is organic
High costs of transportation and final
disposal
Mehrwert schaffen!
Location
Olmué
Viña del Mar
Limache
8 Km
14 Km
Villa
Alemana
Villa
Alemana
Valparaíso
19 Km
40 Km
Resource
center
Quilpué
Current Landfill
in Valparaiso
Potenziale
erkennen!
Mehrwert schaffen!
Prozesse
optimieren.
Mehrwert schaffen.
©2010 Institut
für angewandtes
(IfaS)
Revenues of the project
Products generated from MSW
Chilean Market
Values
Electricity
Heat
Ferrous Metal
PET
Plastics light
Plastics heavy
Paper
Cardboard
Glass
Soil Conditioner
Certified Emission Reductions (CERs)
65 €/MWh
35 €/MWh
58 €/t
137 €/t
115 €/t
115 €/t
29 €/t
22 €/t
33 €/t
1 €/t
10 €/t
Conservative Scenario
Mehrwert schaffen!
Waste Treatment Fee (Example for a Municipality
with 100.000 t/a – at year 1)
In comparison to BAU-Scenario
Project evaluation
Socio-Economic Indicators
Investment Total
TTT –Total Tonnes Treated
CTT- Costs per Tonne Treated
Job Creation
Tradable Emission Reductions in t
CO2e
Mehrwert schaffen!
Alternative 1
Alternative 2
Resource center
Transfer Station and
landfill
(BAU Scenario)
25.443.429 €
7.270.470 €
3.301.681
3.301.681
11,51 €
12,20 €
133 - 177
54 - 79
1.666.064
- Transport Emissions
Creation of Regional Added Value
Example for a Municipality with 100.000 t/a
Added Value
Direct Jobs
>170
Emission Reduction
Investment in Education
Positions
1,666,064
t CO2e
2
Mio. €
Soil Conditioner Production
203,391
Tonnes
Recycling
260,427
Tonnes
Net Electricity Production
130,442 MWhel
Net Heat Production
202,588 MWhth
1,096,315 Tonnes
RDF Production
Within 20 Years
Mehrwert schaffen!
Circular Economy versus Linear Economy!
Mehrwert schaffen!
Programas de maestría
Master of Science en Alemania
Programas de doble titulación

Alemania - Japón

Alemania - Turquía

Alemania – Brasil

Alemania - Marruecos

Alemania – China (en
construcción)
Mehrwert schaffen!
„A clever man solves problems,
a wise man avoids them“
(Chinese proverb)
Mehrwert schaffen.
Discover the Secret….
Muchas gracias por su atención
Prof. Dr. Peter Heck, CEO of IfaS
[email protected]
Eng. Jackeline Martínez, MSc.
Lead Latin American Projects / International Project Manager
[email protected]
www.stoffstrom.org
Prozesse
optimieren!
Mehrwert schaffen!
Prozesse
optimieren.
Mehrwert schaffen.
©2010 Institut
für angewandtes
(IfaS)

Energy - AHK Mexiko

Transcription

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