Spiny Paper Plate Puffer Fish

Transcription

Take your family on a ride
Through The human body.
introducing
exploring Creation with
human anatomy and Physiology
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The Curiosity Files:
r
uffe
P
Fish
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The Curiosity Files: The Puffer Fish
2
www.TheHomeschoolMagazine.com
Table of Contents
Introduction............................................................5
Everything You Never Wanted to Know
About the Puffer Fish..........................................6
Let’s See How Much You’ve Learned........... 13
In the Beginning..................................................... 17
Figure It Out................................................................... 19
Puffer Fish Ordinal Numbers.................................... 19
Measurement............................................................................. 21
Multiplication.........................................................................................................22
Elapsed Time..........................................................................................................23
Exchange Rates.....................................................................................................24
Other Puffer Fish Math Ideas..........................................................................27
The Write Stuff..........................................................................................................29
The Fisherman and His Wife...........................................................................30
A Sentence-Combining Exercise....................................................................33
Spelling and Vocabulary.........................................................................................35
Elementary Word List........................................................................................35
Junior High/High School Word List..............................................................36
Spelling Activities (elementary)......................................................................37
Spelling Activities (middle/high school)......................................................38
Word Search..........................................................................................................39
Crossword...............................................................................................................40
Just for Fun............................................................................................................41
The “Sparkle” Game......................................................................................41
The Memory Game.........................................................................................41
Hangman............................................................................................................41
Jeopardy!...........................................................................................................41
Timed ABC/Reverse ABC Order...............................................................41
Copywork.....................................................................................................................42
3
In the Lab.....................................................................................................................52
Puffer Fish Science Fair.....................................................................................52
Make a Puffer Fish Model............................................................................52
Puffer Fish Science Fair Display Board..................................................53
Good Old Days............................................................................................................55
Activity #1.............................................................................................................56
Activity #2.............................................................................................................57
Activity #3.............................................................................................................57
Activity #4.............................................................................................................57
Where in the World?................................................................................................58
Let’s Get Creative......................................................................................................60
Spiny Paper Plate Puffer Fish.........................................................................60
Draw a Puffer Fish Step by Step...................................................................61
Coloring Pages.......................................................................................................62
Hands-On Learning.................................................................................................64
The Puffing Puffer Fish......................................................................................64
The Curosity Fact Files............................................................................................68
Snippet #1: Puffer Fish Fan Book.................................................................70
Snippet #2: Vocabulary Words......................................................................71
Music Mania.................................................................................................................72
Read All About It......................................................................................................73
Wanna Learn More?.................................................................................................74
Answer Keys................................................................................................................75
Let’s See How Much You’ve Learned............................................................75
Multiplication.........................................................................................................76
Elapsed Time..........................................................................................................76
Exchange Rates.....................................................................................................76
The Fisherman and His Wife...........................................................................77
Spelling Activities (elementary)......................................................................80
Spelling Activities (middle/high school)......................................................81
Word Search..........................................................................................................82
Crossword...............................................................................................................82
4
INTRODUCTION
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5
Everything You
Never Wanted
to Know
About the Puffer Fish . . .
Black-B
loched
Porcupin
e Puffe
r
What’s the big deal about a puffer fish?
Isn’t it just a fish that . . . well, puffs?
Actually, yes. And no. (Don’t you just love answers like that?) Puffer fish are
fish. And they do puff—i.e., inflate their bodies. That’s how they get their
name. But in reality, there isn’t just one fish in the ocean that has this special skill. There are about 120 species of puffer fish—also known as globefish,
puffers, balloonfish, blowfish, bubblefish, swellfish, toadfish, fugu, and toadies. So to answer your question, no—there isn’t just a single species of fish
that goes around displaying its amazing ability to resemble a balloon.
So—how do they do it?
While there are many differences between the various species of puffer fish,
they all have three things in common: elastic skin, no ribs, and a pleated stomach capable of holding nearly a hundred times its normal volume in water.
That’s right—water. Not air.
The name “puffer fish” makes it sound like the fish somehow fills itself with
air. But you may have noticed a decided lack of available air in the waters
where most fish live! When God gave these amazing creatures this very unique
defense mechanism, He designed it so that they could use what was most
readily available; and clearly, that’s water! To use its special skill, a puffer
6
fish pumps its stomach full of water. The stomach of a puffer fish is made up of folds of
tissue. Some of these folds are as large as 3
millimeters wide, and guess what—they hide
even more folds, which hide even more folds
. . . all the way down to pleats so tiny that you
need a microscope to see them! These pleats
are important, because they allow the puffer
fish’s stomach to expand far larger than it seems
possible.
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tte
Yellow-Spo
B
r
ur
As the stomach inflates with water, other changes have to happen in the puffer fish’s body to help it take on its balloon-like, spherical shape. The fish’s
spine bends into an upside-down U shape. Its organs jostle around due to the
squeezing. And its skin—consisting of two layers, one of them also pleated—
begins to stretch. Pretty soon the puffer fish barely resembles itself!
Did you say skin? I thought fish had scales!
Most do! But again, God knew just what was needed to
make this fish’s body perform as He had planned. Scales
simply wouldn’t be able to handle the internal pressure
and rapid expansion necessary for the puffer fish to inflate. Instead, what was called for was skin--the same
kind of covering He gave you! And just as your skin has
stretched to allow for your growth from a baby to a child (and will continue to
stretch to accommodate your adult size) the skin of the puffer fish is capable
of stretching like elastic over a rapidly inflating fish.
skin
close-up of
Another trick to helping the puffer fish appear so round and bouncy when it’s
fully inflated is the fact that it has no ribs. Imagine your own body with no
ribs. There’d be nothing to protect your lungs and heart from the bumps and
bruises of everyday life. That’s a design I’m glad God kept just for creatures
like this, aren’t you?
7
h
fis
God gave these fish another interesting characteristic. Did you notice that
I said their stomachs fill with water? That doesn’t seem very good for the
digestion of food, does it? God didn’t think so either. So He gave the job of
breaking down food to the puffer fish’s intestines. The stomach in these fish
is simply a holding tank for food on its way to the intestines . . . and for water,
of course!
What a unique fish!
You can say that again! The puffer fish has a
whole host of amazing abilities that set it apart
from other water creatures. For example,
puffers have their own swimming style. They
use a combination of all their fins—pectoral,
White S
potted P
uffer
dorsal, anal, and caudal—that make them highly
maneuverable but comparatively slow. Being sluggish is a sure way
to end up as another creature’s dinner when you live in the ocean! Puffing is
just one way that these fish defend themselves from predators.
Another protective mechanism is the ability to move their eyes independently.
This means that a puffer fish has an amazing range of vision; he could literally
be looking ahead and behind at the same time! Many species can also change
the color or intensity of their patterns to suit their surroundings, blending in
and decreasing the likelihood that a bigger, hungry fish will spy them on the
menu.
God wasn’t finished protecting the puffer fish yet, though. Some species of
puffer fish have an added layer of protection over their elastic skin. As these
fish expand, a layer of spines imbedded in their sides begins to rise, giving
the fish the appearance of an engorged porcupine. You can imagine that most
predators won’t bother with a spiky, balloon-like supper! But predators who do
manage to snag a puffer fish for their dinner will most likely regret it later.
Some puffers produce a powerful toxin in their internal organs, making them
an unpleasant and possibly deadly meal for any fish that eats one.
8
Speaking of eating . . . what do puffer fish eat?
Most puffer fish live in the tropical and subtropical
parts of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans,
but some species live in brackish and even fresh
water. The colors and patterns of ocean-dwelling puffers make it possible for them to blend
in with coral, and they prefer to stay near the
bottom of the ocean where they can feed on mollusks and
crustaceans. Their scientific name, Tetraodontidae, refers to their four large
teeth, which allow them to crush the shells of shrimp, lobsters, crabs, snails,
and barnacles. The smaller, freshwater cousins of the puffer fish family dine
mainly on invertebrates, such as red worms, and algae.
What kind of predator would be crazy enough to go after a puffer fish,
anyhow?
Tiger sharks are particularly fond of puffer fish. And so are humans.
Humans? People eat puffer fish?
In some cultures, puffer fish are a delicacy.
Called fugu in Japan and bok-uh in Korea, puffer fish is extremely expensive
and can only be prepared by licensed chefs who have had extensive training
in the preparation of this fish. Remember how we said that a predator who
dines on puffer fish might just regret it later thanks to the toxins in the fish’s body? Well, humans are just as
susceptible to those toxins. As a matter of
fact, puffer fish are the second most poisonous vertebrate in the entire world.
Without careful preparation,
the delighted customer hoping
to feast on rare puffer fish
might just end up dead.
9
Puffer poisoning usually results from eating incorrectly prepared puffer soup,
fugu chiri, or occasionally from raw puffer meat, sashimi fugu. Fugu poisoning
will cause numbing of the tongue and lips, dizziness, and vomiting. These are
followed by numbness and prickling over the body, rapid heart rate, decreased
blood pressure, and muscle paralysis. Death eventually results from suffocation as breathing muscles are paralyzed. Roughly 100 people die each year
world-wide from consuming improperly prepared fugu.
Beginning in 1958, Japan began allowing only
specially licensed chefs to handle and sell
fugu to the public. The process begins with
a two or three-year apprenticeship followed
by an official test. The three-part test requires a written examination, a fish-identification test, the preparation of fugu—followed by the ultimate test: the would-be
Yellow Sp
otted Puf
fer
chef must eat the results! Approximately 70%
make a small mistake in the long and complicated procedure of preparing the dish and do not pass. Due to this regulation of the process, it is generally safe to eat the sliced fugu sold in restaurants or markets
in Japan. However, the government there still isn’t taking any chances—fugu
is still the only delicacy officially forbidden to the Emperor of Japan, for his
own safety.
Many species of fish that humans eat end up on the endangered species
list. Has that happened to puffer fish?
Several years ago, there was some fear that puffer fish would join the list
of other species that were being depleted by being overfished. In response,
strict fishing regulations were put in place to protect puffers. Most puffers destined for the dinner table are now harvested in the spring during the
spawning season. These fish have already laid their eggs to produce the next
generation of puffers.
10
Efforts to protect puffer fish have taken creative turns as well. Some fishing entrepreneurs
have even started farm-raising puffers for fugu
in floating cages in the Pacific Ocean! Advances
in fugu research and farming have allowed some
r
e
e Puff
farmers to mass produce non-toxic fugu. Scientists
Dogfac
studying the farmed fish found that the toxins contained in
the puffer fish’s organs came from eating other animals that had been exposed
to toxic bacteria. While the puffers were immune to the poison, the animals
and humans that ate the puffer fish themselves were not. Many farmers are
now producing ”poison-free” fugu by simply keeping the fish away from toxinladen bacteria. No one has been poisoned eating this new puffer fish variety!
What an amazing fish! I wish I could see one.
Puffer fish are popular attractions in state and regional aquariums that focus
on education and conservation. Many of these facilities offer specific programs
related to puffer fish to help educate the public about this amazing creature.
Check the state listings at http://www.zoo.com/content/zoo-directory-listing
to see if there’s an aquarium near by where you can see a puffer fish up close
and personal!
He gathereth the waters of the sea together as an heap:
he layeth up the depth in storehouses. Psalm 33:7
11
Another option might be visiting with a friend who is an aquarium enthusiast.
Believe it or not, the strange, poisonous puffer fish is actually quite a popular
addition to many home aquariums. Despite their aggressive behavior in tanks
(they are known for nipping and even killing their “tankmates”), many people
find the unusual puffer fish hard to resist. Since there are species of puffers
that thrive in both fresh and saltwater, many different varieties are available
for purchase in stores that cater to the exotic pet market.
If you do visit someone who owns a puffer
fish, be careful not to touch the fish itself.
Remember, the toxin in its body can be present on its skin as well. Also, puffing repeatedly stresses the fish. Be considerate and
observe God’s creation . . . without wearing
the little guy out!
Striped P
uffer
I had no idea that puffer fish were so fascinating.
Puffer fish are definitely one of God’s most creative efforts, aren’t they?
From their design to their amazing abilities, puffer fish are unique creatures
that point toward a very inventive God!
12
Let’s See How Much You’ve Learned . . .
1. Puffer fish inflate with:
 Air
 Water
 Carbon dioxide
 None of the above
2. True / False: Puffer fish have no ribs.
3. What kind of shark especially seems to enjoy eating puffer fish?
______________________________________________________
4. In Japan, puffer fish is known as:
 Franku
 Sha-shen
 Fugu
 Boku
5. Puffer fish have which of the following (choose all correct answers):
 Skin
 Eyes that move independently
 Air pockets
 The ability to blend in to their environment
6. What design element makes it possible for the stomach of a puffer fish to expand?
______________________________________________________
7. True / False: The stomach of a puffer fish does not digest its food.
13
8. Puffer fish live in which of the following bodies of water:
 Caribbean Sea
 Atlantic Ocean
 Pacific Ocean
 Indian Ocean
9. What kinds of water can puffer fish live in?
______________________________________________________
10. Describe the behavior of puffer fish when in home aquariums.
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
11.
Japanese chefs are required to do what before serving fugu?
 Apprentice under a licensed chef
 Open a restaurant
 Sign a liability waiver
 All of the above
12. Scientists believe that the puffer’s toxins come from what?
 The chemicals dumped in the oceans
 A special poison gland
 Their spines
 The food that they eat
13. Death by fugu poisoning is ultimately caused by what?
 The intense spiciness
 Being dehydrated
 Paralysis that causes the victim to be unable to breathe
 Seizures
14
14. In Japan, who is NOT allowed to eat fugu?
______________________________________________________
15. The puffer fish’s scientific name, Tetraodontidae, refers to what?
______________________________________________________
16. What do many large puffer fish eat?
 Crabs, lobsters, and shrimp
 Coral
 Other puffer fish
 All of the above
17. The last step of the test required to be an official fugu chef in Japan is what?
______________________________________________________
18. What are some of the other names that puffer fish are known by?
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
19. Some puffer fish have what surprising defense in addition to their ability to puff?
 They can release ink.
 They can swim very fast.
 They glow.
 They have spines.
20.True / false: Puffer fish are very fast, agile swimmers.
15
21. Puffer fish have eyes that move independently, as well as the ability to
change their skin color and patterns to match their surroundings. What
other animals do we know of that can do that?
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
FOR OLDER LEARNERS:
1. Puffer fish have an unusual swimming style that utilizes all four sets of
fins. Research the “normal” swimming pattern of fish and compare it to
that of the puffers.
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
2. The puffer fish is the second most poisonous vertebrate in the world.
What is the first?
______________________________________________________
16
In the Beginning
“. . . we know that we all have knowledge. Knowledge puffeth up,
but charity edifieth. And if any man think that he knoweth any
thing, he knoweth nothing yet as he ought to know. But if any
man love God, the same is known of him.” (I Corinthians 8:1-3)
Scientists believe that puffer fish, also known as blowfish, use their
ability to puff up or inflate because they are slow and clumsy swimmers. The puffer fish uses its highly elastic stomach to quickly
ingest large amounts of water (or air if it is out of the water) to
become a ball several times its normal size. This makes it inedible to most of its predators. Some species of puffer fish even have
spines on their skin, which help make them even less appealing to predators.
Since the puffer fish is named and recognized from its reaction to fear, let’s look at
what the Bible has to tell us about fear. How should we react to fear?
1.“I sought the Lord, and he heard me, and delivered me from all my fears.”
(Psalm 34:4)
What does this verse teach us about fear? Who is bigger than all of our fears?
Whom should we turn to when we are afraid? Should we try to hide from our
fears like the puffer fish or face them with strength? How do we manage that?
2.“Strengthen ye the weak hands, and confirm the feeble knees. Say to them
that are of a fearful heart, Be strong, fear not: behold, your God will come
with vengeance, even God with a recompence; he will come and save you.”
(Isaiah 35:3-4)
What do these verses teach us when helping others who are afraid? Where do
we find strength and comfort for them? What promise do these verses offer to
believers? Will God always show up when we are in trouble?
17
3.Read the account of Jesus calming the storm in Matthew 8:23-27. Discuss
the following questions after reading the account.
• Why did the disciples wake Jesus? What were they afraid of?
• Why do you think Jesus slept and wasn’t afraid?
• Why did Jesus say to the disciples “O ye of little faith”? (Matthew 8:26) Do
you think the disciples were really demonstrating a lack of faith or a normal
reaction to a big storm? Why or why not?
• In verse 27 it states, “What manner of man is this, that even the winds and
the sea obey him!” Do you think the disciples understood who Jesus was before
this? Why or why not? How do you think the disciples will react next time they
are afraid? What should we do when we are afraid of a “big storm”? Do you
believe Jesus can really conquer any trouble in your life?
4.“And I say unto you my friends, Be not afraid of them that kill the body, and
after that have no more that they can do. But I will forewarn you whom ye
shall fear: Fear him, which after he hath killed hath power to cast into hell;
yea, I say unto you, Fear him. Are not five sparrows sold for two farthings,
and not one of them is forgotten before God? But even the very hairs of your
head are all numbered. Fear not therefore; ye are of more value than many
sparrows.” (Luke 12:4-7)
In this passage, Jesus is warning and encouraging his followers. Notice Jesus
calls his followers “friends.” What does this tell us about the tone of his message? Is it given as encouragement or discipline? Whom does he say we should
fear? Do you think he really wants us to live in fear of God? Why or why not?
What does “fear of the Lord” mean? What can we learn from these verses about
God’s love for us? How can this knowledge of God’s love bring you comfort the
next time you are afraid?
18
Figure it
out
Puffer Fish Ordinal Numbers
Ordinal numbers are numbers that tell the position of an object. For example,
if three people are in line to buy a book and you are at the front, we say, “You
are first in line.” If you were at the back of the line, you would be third in line.
We do not say Jerome is in four grade, but in fourth grade. Listed below are
the ordinal numbers from first to twelfth. Write each one three times on the
line next to the word.
1. first
_______________________________________________
2. second
_______________________________________________
3. third
_______________________________________________
4. fourth
_______________________________________________
5. fifth
_______________________________________________
6. sixth
_______________________________________________
7. seventh _______________________________________________
8. eighth
_______________________________________________
9. ninth
_______________________________________________
10. tenth
_______________________________________________
11. eleventh _______________________________________________
12. twelfth _______________________________________________
19
1. Color the fifth puffer fish orange.
2.Put yellow dots on the third puffer fish.
3.Color the first fish brown.
4.Color the sixth puffer yellow.
5.Put pink dots on the second fish.
6.Leave the fourth puffer white, but give it a colorful hat to wear.
(the family of fish that puffer fish belong to)
1. Underline the tenth letter.
2.Put an X on the eighth letter.
3.Circle the twelfth letter.
4.Color the fifth letter any color.
5.Cross out the seventh letter.
6.Turn the eleventh letter into a capital letter.
7.Put a smiley face in the ninth letter.
20
Measurement
Puffer fish have many sizes, from 1½ inches to 3 feet. See if your teacher has
some yarn or string. You need a ruler or yardstick to measure the lengths of
some of the varieties of puffer fish. Using scissors, cut the following lengths.
Make paper name labels for each fish’s length. Tape or glue the lengths onto
the label.
1. Porcupine Puffer – 12 inches.
2. Red Eyed Puffer – 3 inches
3. Fahaka Puffer or Globe Fish – 17 inches
4. Spotted Green Puffer – 6¾ inches
5. Amazon or Bee Puffer Fish – 5 inches
6. Malabar Puffer – 1½ inches
7. Mbu Puffer – 26 inches
8. Ceylon or Green Puffer – 8 inches
21
Multiplication
Do you remember the hint for multiplying by 100? Just take the number you
are multiplying by 100 and add two zeroes to it. Easy, huh? For example, 5 X
100=500. Or 21 X 100=2100. Now if you were to multiply by 50, you could multiply by 100, but then halve your answer because 50 is half of 100. 5 X 50=(5
X 100) divided by 2=250.
Supposedly, 100 diners die each year after eating puffer fish. Multiply to find
the number of deaths which occurred in the following time periods. Remember
to count the beginning year and the ending year.
Example:
1915-1935 would be 21 years so multiply 21 X 100 and you have 2,100 people
dying in the time period.
1967-1970
____________
1990-1995
____________
1992-2002
____________
1997-2009
____________
1942-1944
____________
What if only 50 people died each year? How many people have died in the same
time periods?
1967-1970
____________
1990-1995
____________
1992-2002
____________
1997-2009
____________
1942-1944
____________
22
Elapsed Time
Puffer fish is a food delicacy in Japan called fugu. If it is not cooked properly,
the toxin can kill a human. Approximately 100 diners die each year from eating
puffer fish. Less than 0.1 gram of the toxin is enough to kill an adult in twenty
minutes. Write down what the time would be twenty minutes from the time
listed.
Lower grades:
10:00 p.m.
______________
7:30 a.m.
______________
4:00 a.m.
______________
2:15 p.m.
______________
12:10 p.m.
______________
5:00 p.m.
______________
11:50 a.m.
______________
Middle grades:
10:20 p.m.
______________
7:57 a.m.
______________
4:30 a.m.
______________
2:12 p.m.
______________
12:45 p.m.
______________
5:36 p.m.
______________
11:51 a.m.
______________
What time do you usually eat supper? ______________
What time is it twenty minutes later?______________
23
Exchange Rates
When traveling to foreign countries, you must pay in their form of currency
(money) rather than using United States dollars (USD). Using the exchange
rate, you multiply to discover how much of their money you would receive for
your United States dollars. For each 1 USD you would receive the following
amounts of foreign currency:
• 89.77 Japan Yen (JPY)
• .67 Euros (EUR)
• 1,150.50 Iraq Dinars (IQD) (Isn’t that amazing?)
• .63 United Kingdom Pounds (GBP)
• 75.10 Kenya Shilling (KES)
• 13.14 Mexico Pesos (MXN)
• 7.32 South Africa Rand (ZAR)
So to figure out how many South Africa Rand (ZAR) you would receive for
$250 USD, simply multiply 250 (USD) X 7.32 (ZAR). That would make 1,830.00
(ZAR).
7.32
X
250
1830.00
Shall we see how many Iraq Dinars you would have? 250 (USD) X 1,150.50
(IQD) would equal 287,625 (IQD).
1150.50
X
250
287,625
Sounds like a lot, huh? CNN says that in 2003, the median income in Iraq was
only about $250 (USD). That is for the whole year!
24
Now you try it. For the following two USD amounts, figure out how much you
would have in each of the currencies listed above.
A. $1,500 USD
Japan Yen JPY_______________
Euros EUR_______________
Iraq Dinars IQD_______________
United Kingdom Pounds GBP_______________
Kenya Shilling KES_______________
Mexico Pesos MXN_______________
South Africa Rand ZAR_______________
B. $75 USD
Japan Yen JPY_______________
Euros EUR_______________
Iraq Dinars IQD_______________
United Kingdom Pounds GBP_______________
Kenya Shilling KES_______________
Mexico Pesos MXN_______________
South Africa Rand ZAR_______________
Now that we understand how to change from our USD to foreign currency, we
must learn how to figure out how much items cost in foreign countries. A book
in Paris costing 10 EUR would cost us 14.93 USD (rounded up, of course). I
took 10 EUR and divided it by .67.
10 / .67 = 14.93 USD.
What about 10 KES?
10 / 75.10 = .13 USD, or 13 cents.
25
Let us suppose you are in a Japanese restaurant ready to order your meal. You
decide to stay away from the fugu or puffer fish because you remember how
toxic it could be. Instead you look over the menu and choose various items.
Looking at the menu choices your family orders, figure how much each person’s
meal would cost in USD. Remember, take the total amount and divide by the
exchange rate above of 89.77 to find the USD amount. Always round your answer to an actual dollar and cents amount.
#1 You order the Toritoji (Japanese noodles with chicken and egg) plus a soft
drink and a dessert of tempura ice cream for a total of 1,449.79 JPY.
#2 Dad orders Pickled Vegetables, Sukiyaki (ribeye, vegetables, shitake mushrooms, and tofu with udon noodles) and a drink of sake for a total of 2,688.61
JPY.
#3 Mom orders Maguro Gomafumi (sesame tuna sushi), edamame (soybeans),
water, and ogura ice cream for dessert for a total of 1,930.06 JPY.
#4 Your vegetarian sister orders curry rice with salad, wakame (ramen with
seaweed), and mochi mango ice for dessert for a total of 1,781.93 JPY.
#5 Baby Brother only eats steamed rice, which costs 175.05 JPY.
Now figure out the total amount in JPY and USD
#6 _______________JPY
#7 _______________USD
For an extension, research some foods you would eat in Japan. You might find
some unusual food items. My vegetarian husband visited Japan last year and
thought a sea cucumber would be yummy. After eating it, he was told that a
sea cucumber is a sea slug. Yuck! His friend ate pasta with octopus ink for the
sauce. After researching, create a menu with prices, and then play restaurant
with a younger sibling.
26
Other Puffer Fish Math Ideas
Make puffer fish cutouts from pattern provided. Use them for math fact flash
cards or play fishing with a magnet attached to a stick.
Find a Japanese restaurant that will give you a paper menu. Have young students
make their own menu with drawings of what they think the food might look like. Help
them write prices that they could easily add. Play restaurant with them.
Show students the Japanese way of writing numbers. Have them write numbers 1-10
correctly; then make up another way to write each number.
Buy some Swedish fish candies. Use them as counters for easy addition or subtraction problems.
Blow up a balloon. Draw a puffer fish on it. Bat it up in the air and before it touches
the ground, children must answer a math question.
Have children draw an ocean habitat picture. Take an X-Acto knife and cut out flaps.
Write a question in marker on each flap. Glue picture down on white piece of paper
and have them check their answers, which you have written underneath the flap.
Draw different sizes of puffer fish and have children measure them to the nearest
centimeter or ¼ inch.
Weblinks referenced for math pages:
http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/fish/pufferfish.html
http://www.kidzworld.com/site/p745.htm
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/puffer-fish.html
fish sizes — http://fishlore.com
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraodon_mbu
http://fishprofiles.com/profiles/freshwater/OthersFW/Tetraodon_fluviatilis
Exchange rates — http://www.xe.com/ucc
CNN Iraqi median income — http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/meast/05/12/iraq.livingsurvey/
Food menu — http://www.koji.com/menu.htm
27
The Write Stuff
What Kind of Noun is a Puffer Fish?
A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. Look around
you, and you are sure to spot a few nouns. We use items that we classify as nouns every single day. Every sentence that we read or speak
contains at least one noun.
Nouns have different classes or categories. There are common nouns,
proper nouns, concrete nouns, abstract nouns, count nouns, non-count
nouns, and collective nouns. Today we are only going to talk about the
first two types of nouns: the common noun and the proper noun.
A common noun is a noun that refers to a person, place, or thing in a general sense. A common noun will only identify general varieties of things.
You usually will only write a common noun with a capital letter when it
begins a sentence or is in a title. Some examples of common nouns are:
dog
bed
chair
fish
grass
country
pen
house
horse
water
bear
church
book
food
candy
girl
desk
boy
table
shirt
pencil
cat
paper
door
A proper noun is a noun that names a specific person, place, or one-ofa-kind thing. A proper noun is almost always capitalized. The names of
the months, days of the week, organizations, religions, historical documents, countries, states, people, and institutions are always capitalized.
For example, the following nouns are proper nouns and should always be
capitalized:
South Dakota
Friday
Magna Carta
Sunday
December United States
Monday
Baptist
New Mexico
Samantha
March
Holy Bible
Thomas
Catholic
Declaration of Independence
The Old Schoolhouse Magazine
29
Now that you know a little about common and proper nouns, it is time to see if you can tell
the difference between them. For example, what kind of noun is a puffer fish? Is it a common noun or a proper noun? If you said a common noun, you are correct. When we discuss an
animal or fish such as the puffer fish, we are describing a general species. This makes it a
common noun. If we were to discuss a specific type of puffer fish, such as the Giant Puffer
Fish, then it becomes a proper noun and we would capitalize the specific species. Remember
that if the noun is referring to the person, place, or thing in general, it is a common noun.
If the noun is specific in naming a person, place, or thing, then it is a proper noun.
Activity:
Read the following story. How many nouns can you find in this story? Circle all of the
common nouns in BLUE. Circle all of the proper nouns in RED.
The Fisherman and His Wife
Once a fisherman and his wife lived in a little hut by the sea. One day the fisherman
sat on the shore with his rod.
“The fish do not bite today,” he said.
Just then something pulled his line. He drew up a large fish.
“Let me go,” said the fish. “I am not good to eat. I am not a real fish. I am an enchanted prince. Please put me back into the water, and I will swim away.”
The fisherman put him back into the water, and went home to his wife.
“Did you catch no fish today?” said his wife.
“I caught a very large fish,” said the fisherman. “But it said to me, ‘I am not a real
fish. I am an enchanted prince. Put me back into the water, and I will swim away. So
I put it back into the water, and it swam away.”
“Did you wish for something?” said his wife.
“What should I wish for?” said the fisherman.
“You could wish for a pretty cottage,” said she. “I am tired of this little hut. Go
quickly and tell the fish that we want a pretty cottage.”
So the fisherman went back to the sea. The water was all dark and green. He stood
by the shore, and said,
30
“O prince of the sea!
Come listen to me,
For my wife Isabel
Has a wish to tell.”
The fish swam to the shore and said, “What does she want?”
“She wants a pretty cottage,” said he. “She is tired of our little hut.”
“Go, home,” said the fish. “Your wife is in her cottage now.”
The man went home. There stood his wife at the cottage door. She took
him by the hand and said, “Come and see our cottage.”
There was a pretty little parlor, and a bedroom and a kitchen. There was
a little yard with ducks and chickens. And there was a little garden.
“Is this not beautiful?” said the wife.
“We shall always be happy now,” said the fisherman.
But one day his wife said, “This cottage is too small. I want a large castle.
Go quickly and tell the fish.”
So he went back to the shore. The sea was all purple and dark blue. The
fisherman stood by it and said,
Come listen to me,
For my wife Isabel
“What does she want?” said the fish.
“She wants a large castle,” said he.
“Go home,” said the fish. “Your wife is in her castle now.”
The fisherman went home. There stood his wife on the castle steps. She took him by
the hand, and they went in. There were large halls and beautiful rooms. There were
golden tables and chairs. There was a garden full of flowers and fruits. And there
was a forest full of deer and sheep.
But his wife was not happy. She wanted more power.
The next morning she said, “You must be king of this country. Go quickly and tell the
fish so.”
“I do not want to be king,” said he.
“I will be queen then,” said she. “Go quickly and tell the fish that I must be queen.”
31
So the fisherman went back to the shore. The sea was dark and gray. There were
great waves, and they dashed upon the shore. He stood by it and said,
Come listen to me,
For my wife Isabel
“What does she want now?” said the fish.
“She wants to be queen,” said the man.
“Go home,” said the fish. “Your wife is queen now.”
The man went home. There he saw a great palace with towers and gateways. There
were soldiers with trumpets and drums. He went in and there sat his wife on a
throne of gold. His wife had a crown on her head and a wand in her hand.
The fisherman looked at her and said “You are queen now. We can wish for nothing
more.”
“I must have more power,” said she. “What shall it be?”
The next morning she said, “What shall I wish for?”
The sun was just coming up. She looked out of the window and said, “I know what I
want. The sun must obey me, and the moon must obey me. They must rise and set
when I wish it.”
So she went to the fisherman and said, “The sun and moon must obey me! Go quickly
and tell the fish.”
“I cannot ask that,” said he. “The fish is angry, and the sea is wild.”
“Go,” she cried, “I am queen, and you must obey.”
So he went back to the shore. There was a great storm. The sky was black. The
lightning flashed, and the thunder roared. The wind blew, and the waves beat high.
The fisherman was frightened. But he stood by the sea and shouted,
Come listen to me,
For my wife Isabel
“What does she want now?” shouted the fish.
“She wants to rule the sun and moon. She wants to tell them when to rise.”
“Go home now,” said the fish.”You will find your wife in her hut.”
The fisherman went home, and there sat his wife in the little hut. And there they
live to this very day.
-German Folk Tale.
32
A Sentence-Combining Exercise
r
e Puffe
Now that you have learned about puffer fish,
don’t you think they are interesting fish? Do
you ever find yourself amazed at some of the
fascinating animals God has created? I know
I do! What a creative God we have!
Porcupin
uvenile
J
Here are some interesting facts about puffer fish below. Let’s do something fun with them. Try organizing them into a little
bit longer, more complicated sentences. Remember, it is more interesting to
read a variety of sentences, and it will help you make your own writing more
interesting and creative to practice doing this.
Some of these short sentences are naturally related to other sentences, as
you will find as you read through these facts below. Try to combine sentences
which seem to have some connection or relationship. Let me show you an example from the first chapter of The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe by
C. S. Lewis:
Example:
It was a moment later.
She found that she was standing.
She was standing in the middle of a wood.
It was night-time.
There was snow under her feet.
Snowflakes were falling through the air.
C. S. Lewis’ sentence: “A moment later she found that she was standing in the
middle of a wood at night-time with snow under her feet and snowflakes falling
through the air.”
Do you see how easily some of these thoughts were combined? Give it a try
with the following sentences about puffer fish. When you have finished your
own version, see how close your version is to the original version! Do you like
yours better or the original authors’ version better? Show your version to
your parents and see what they think.
33
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Puffer fish are also known as blowfish.
Biologists think puffer fish developed a way to escape predators.
Puffer fish are able to inflate their bodies.
Puffer fish ingest water.
They ingest huge amounts of water.
They ingest water quickly.
If necessary, they ingest air instead.
Puffer fish make themselves inedible.
They do this by becoming several times larger.
Puffer fish are vulnerable to predators.
Puffer fish swim slowly.
Puffer fish swim somewhat clumsily.
Some puffer fish also have spines on their skin.
The spines make them even less palatable.
Sometimes a predator will catch a puffer fish before it inflates.
The predator won’t feel lucky for long.
Puffer fish contain tetrodoxotin.
Tetrodoxotin is a substance they produce.
It makes them foul tasting.
It is often lethal to fish.
Tetrodoxotin is deadly to humans.
It is up to 1,200 times more poisonous than cyanide.
There is enough toxin in one puffer fish to kill 30 adult humans.
There is no known antidote.
The exercise above is made up from the first two paragraphs taken from the article here:
“Biologists think puffer fish, also known as blowfish, developed their famous “inflatability”
because their slow, somewhat clumsy swimming style makes them vulnerable to predators.
In lieu of escape, puffer fish use their highly elastic stomachs and the ability to quickly
ingest huge amounts of water (and even air when necessary) to turn themselves into a virtually inedible ball several times their normal size. Some species also have spines on their
skin to make them even less palatable.
A predator that manages to snag a puffer before it inflates won’t feel lucky for long. Almost all puffer fish contain tetrodotoxin, a substance that makes them foul tasting and
often lethal to fish. To humans, tetrodotoxin is deadly, up to 1,200 times more poisonous
than cyanide. There is enough toxin in one puffer fish to kill 30 adult humans, and there is
no known antidote.”
34
Spelling and Vocabulary
Elementary Word List
puffer fish - An often poisonous type of fish that has the ability to inflate itself with water or air when it feels threatened.
freshwater - Water that is not salty and is away from the sea.
brackish water - Water that is a mix between salty and freshwater.
predator - An animal that lives by feeding off of other animals.
inflate - To swell or puff up with air or water.
krill - Tiny, hard-shelled plankton similar to a shrimp.
bloodworms - Small, red worm used as bait.
ghost shrimp - A scavenger with a hard shell that resembles a shrimp.
snail - A small mollusk with a spiral-shaped shell on its back.
beak - Formed by its four teeth, it’s the sharp, pointy end of a puffer fish’s mouth.
fugu - Japanese name for a puffer fish used as food.
elastic - To be easily stretched; flexible.
paralysis - Being unable to move.
toxin - A substance that is harmful to animals, fish, or humans.
spherical - To be round or shaped like a ball.
dorsal fin - The fin located on the back of a fish that helps maintain its
balance.
35
Junior High/High School Word List
puffer fish - An often poisonous type of fish that has the ability to inflate itself with water or air when it feels threatened.
freshwater - Water that is not salty and is away from the sea.
brackish water - Water that is a mix between salty and freshwater.
tetraodontidae - The scientific name for puffer fish; literally means having four teeth.
predator - An animal that lives by feeding off of other animals.
inflate - To swell or puff up with air or water.
defense mechanism - A form of self-protection against predators.
krill - Tiny, hard-shelled plankton similar to a shrimp.
bloodworms - Small, red worm used as bait.
ghost shrimp - A scavenger with a hard shell that resembles a shrimp.
tetrodotoxin - Scientific name for the poison found in a puffer fish.
beak - Formed by its four teeth, it’s the sharp, pointy end of a puffer fish’s mouth.
fugu - Japanese name for a puffer fish used as food.
elastic - To be easily stretched; flexible.
paralysis - Being unable to move.
toxin - A substance that is harmful to animals, fish, or humans.
spherical - To be round or shaped like a ball.
dorsal fin - The fin located on the back of a fish that helps maintain its balance.
We referred to the following sites to make these lists:
http://www.answers.com
http://www.aquaticcommunity.com/predatory/pufferfish2.php
http://www.aqua-fish.net/show.php?h=pufferfish
http://www.pufferfish.net/
http://science.jrank.org/pages/5588/Puffer-Fish.html
http://fish.mongabay.com/anatomy.htm
36
Spelling Activities
(elementary)
Fill in the missing vowels:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
D_RS_L
F_N
P_R_L_S_S
SPH_R_C_L
_L_ST_C
F_G_
B__K
GH_ST
SHR_MP
SN__L
BL__DW_RMS
KR_LL
_NFL_T_
PR_D_T_R
BR_CK_SH
W_T_R
FR_SHW_T_R
P_FF_R
F_SH
T_X_N
Fill in the Blank:
Choose the vocabulary word or words that best completes each sentence.
1. ___________ are tiny, have a hard shell, and look somewhat like a shrimp.
2. Water that is a mixture between salty and fresh is called _____________
_____________.
3. In Japan, the puffer fish is known as _____________.
4. The four sharp teeth on a puffer fish are fused together, forming a ____________.
5. There’s nothing spooky about a ____________ ____________.
6. They may be fun to watch but a __________ __________ is often poisonous.
7. In fact, its __________ causes ______________ in both humans and animals.
37
8.If the puffer fish didn’t have a ___________ ___________, it would have a
hard time swimming.
9.Puffer fish have a very ___________ stomach that allows them to ____________
like a ball.
10.A __________________ is an animal that feeds off of other animals.
Spelling Activities
(middle/high school)
Circle the correct spelling in each row:
1. Tetraodontidae
Tetradontidae
Tetroadontidea
2. parylisis
paralysis
paralisys
3. spearical
sphericul
spherical
4. Tetrodotoxin
5. doorsal fin
Tetradotonixin
dorsal fin
6. defense mechanism
7. fogu
fugu
toksin
9. elasstic
elastick
krill
dorsale fin
defense mechinisum
defence mechanisum
foogu
8. tocksin
10. kill
Tetrodotoxun
toxin
elastic
kril
Write the vocabulary words in reverse ABC order:
1.
10.
2.
11.
3.
12.
4.
13.
5.
14.
6.
15.
7.
16.
8.
17.
9.
18.
38
Word Search
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inflate
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krill
bloodworms
paralysis
brackish water
predator
dorsal fin
puffer fish
elastic
snail
fresh water
spherical
fugu
toxin
ghost shrimp
Created with www.puzzle-maker.com
39
Crossword
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
11
13
14
15
16
17
ACROSS
ACROSS
DOWN
DOWN
The scientific
namefor
for puffer
fish; literally
1. The 1scientific
name
puffer
fish;
means
havinghaving
four teeth.
literally
means
four teeth.
4. The 4finThe
located
ononthe
back
fish
fin located
the back
of aof
fishathat
helps
that helps
maintain
its
balance.
maintain its balance.
6. Small6 red
used
bait.
Smallworm
red worm
used as
as bait.
13. Water
that
is
not
salty
and
is away
fromthe
13 Water that is not salty and is away
from the
sea.
sea.
14. A scavenger
with
shell
witha ahard
hard shell
thatthat
resembles a
14 A scavenger
resembles
a shrimp.
shrimp.
16. To be round or shaped like a ball.
or shaped like a ball.
16 To be round
17. A substance
that is harmful to animals,
substance that is harmful to animals, fish, or
fish,17orAhumans.
humans.
of self-protection
against predators.
2 A form
2.
form
of self-protection
against
swell or puff up with air or water.
predators.
3 To
3.
Toater
swell
puff
up with
air or water.
that isor
a mix
between
salty and
5W
5. freshwater.
Water that is a mix between salty and
freshwater.
by its four teeth, it's the sharp, pointy
6 Formed
6. end
Formed
by fish's
its four
of a puffer
mouth.teeth, it’s the
sharp,
pointy
end
of afound
puffer
in a fish’s
7 Scientific name for the poison
puffer
mouth.
fish.
7. An
Scientific
the
animal thatname
lives byfor
feeding
offpoison
of other found in
8
a puffer fish.
animals.
8. An animal that lives by feeding off of
oftenanimals.
poisonous type of fish that has the
9 An
other
ability
to
inflate
itself with water
air when
9. An often
poisonous
typeorof
fish itthat
feels
has threatened.
the ability to inflate itself with
Being
unable
to move.
10
water
or air
when it feels threatened.
be easily
stretched;
flexible.
11 To
10.
Being
unable
to move.
Japanese
name
for
a
puffer
fish used
as food.
12
11. To be easily stretched;
flexible.
hard-shelled
plankton
to a fish used
15 Tiny,
12.
Japanese
name
for asimilar
puffer
shrimp.
as food.
15. Tiny, hard-shelled plankton similar to a
shrimp.
40
r
o
F
t
Jus
The “Sparkle” Game
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Students form a circle.
The teacher reads one spelling word aloud.
One student is chosen to start the word, saying the first letter of the word.
Play moves clockwise, having each student say the next letter of the word.
When the word has been spelled correctly, the next student in line says “sparkle.”
Then the next word is given.
If a student says the wrong letter, he/she is out of the game and must sit down. Keep going until all the spelling words are used. The person left standing wins!
The Memory Game
Write each vocabulary word on an index card. On a separate index card, write the word
definitions. Place index cards face down and have students take turns flipping over two
cards—one word card and one definition. If they’re a match, the student keeps them. If
not, the student flips them back over so the next student can have a turn. The person with
the most matches wins.
Hangman
Take turns playing this traditional classroom favorite! See how many “body parts” you can
draw before your friends/classmates/siblings guess the correct word.
Jeopardy!
Create your own version of this classic TV game show, using only your vocabulary words
and other interesting facts about the puffer fish. Make sure you answer in the form of a
question!
Timed ABC/Reverse ABC Order
Race your siblings to see who can write their vocabulary words in either ABC or reverse
ABC order first. For added “drama” set a timer for 1 minute or less!
The Curiosity Files: The Puffer
Dung Beetle
Fish
41
Copywork
Genesis 1:26
And/God/said,/Let/us/make/man/in/our///
image,/after/our/likeness:/and/let/them////
have/dominion/over/the/fish/of/the/sea,///
and/over/the/fowl/of/the/air,/and/over///
the/cattle,/and/over/all/the/earth,/and///
over/every/creeping/thing/that/creepeth/
upon/the/earth./////////////////////////
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42
Jonah 1:17
Now/the/LORD/had/prepared/a/great////
fish/to/swallow/up/Jonah./And/Jonah/was//
in/the/belly/of/the/fish/three/days/and////
three/nights.////////////////////////////
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43
Matthew 17:27
Notwithstanding,/lest/we/should/offend////
them,/go/thou/to/the/sea,/and/cast/an//
hook,/and/take/up/the/fish/that/first//////
cometh/up;/and/when/thou/hast/opened///
his/mouth,/thou/shalt/find/a/piece/of/////
money:/that/take,/and/give/unto/them/////
for/me/and/thee.////////////////////////
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44
Mark 6:41
And/when/he/had/taken/the/five/loaves///
and/the/two/fishes,/he/looked/up/to//////
heaven,/and/blessed,/and/brake/the///////
loaves,/and/gave/them/to/his/disciples/to//
set/before/them;/and/the/two/fishes//////
divided/he/among/them/all.///////////////
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45
1 Corinthians 15:39
All/flesh/is/not/the/same/flesh:/but/there//
is/one/kind/of/flesh/of/men,/another//////
flesh/of/beasts,/another/of/fishes,/and////
another/of/birds.////////////////////////
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46
Genesis 1:26
And/God/said,/Let/us/make/man/in/our///
image,/after/our/likeness:/and/let/them/////
have/dominion/over/the/fish/of/the/sea,/////
and/over/the/fowl/of/the/air,/and/over/the//
cattle,/and/over/all/the/earth,/and/over/////
every/creeping/thing/that/creepeth/upon/the//
earth.////////////////////////////////////
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47
Jonah 1:17
Now/the/LORD/had/prepared/a/great/fish///
to/swallow/up/Jonah./And/Jonah/was/in///
the/belly/of/the/fish/three/days/and/three////
nights.///////////////////////////////////
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48
Matthew 17:27
Notwithstanding,/lest/we/should/offend//////
them,/go/thou/to/the/sea,/and/cast/an/hook,/
and/take/up/the/fish/that/first/cometh/up;//
and/when/thou/hast/opened/his/mouth,/////
thou/shalt/find/a/piece/of/money:/that//////
take,/and/give/unto/them/for/me/and/thee.//
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49
Mark 6:41
And/when/he/had/taken/the/five/loaves////
and/the/two/fishes,/he/looked/up/to/heaven,//
and/blessed,/and/brake/the/loaves,/and//////
gave/them/to/his/disciples/to/set/before//////
them;/and/the/two/fishes/divided/he/among//
them/all.////////////////////////////////
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50
1 Corinthians 15:39
All/flesh/is/not/the/same/flesh:/but/there/is/
one/kind/of/flesh/of/men,/another/flesh/of///
beasts,/another/of/fishes,/and/another/of/////
birds.////////////////////////////////////
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51
In the
lab
Puffer Fish Science Fair
Wow! There are a lot of interesting facts about puffer fish! Let’s use the information in
this book to make a science fair project! First, let’s make models of puffer fish, and then
let’s make a science fair display board to tell Dad, grandparents, or friends all we learned
about puffers!
Make a Puffer Fish Model
Let’s make a model of a puffer fish before and after it inflates. We based our models on
the puffer fish in this National Geographic video, but you can use any puffer fish image you
find in a magazine or online (or create your own puffer fish colors!).
Supplies:
•20-oz empty soda bottle with elongated top (makes for a perfect fin!)
•Balloon
•Newspaper
•White printer paper
•Paints
•Paint brushes
•Paper mâché (recipe below)
Paper mâché recipe:
½ cup all-purpose flour
2 cups cold water
2 cups boiling water
3 tablespoon sugar
Mix flour and cold water together. Add 2 cups boiling water and stir until there are no
lumps. Bring mixture to a boil, stirring continuously. Remove from heat. Stir in sugar until
well mixed. Let paper mâché cool completely.
52
Assembly Directions
1. Prepare paper mâché and cover work area with
newspapers.
2. Once paper mâché is cool, cover empty soda bottle with strips of newspaper covered in paper
mâché. Let dry and repeat with at least 1 more
layer of paper mâché. (Optional: cover with one
more layer of paper mâché using white printer
paper—it’s easier to paint.)
3. Blow up a large balloon. This will be the puffer
fish after it’s filled with water. Cover the balloon
with 1 layer of newspaper paper mâché. Allow it
to dry completely and repeat. (Optional: cover
with one more layer of paper mâché using white
printer paper—it’s easier to paint.)
4. Once both models are completely dry, paint your
puffer fish.
Puffer Fish Science Fair Display Board
Supplies:
• Tri-fold display board (available at Wal-mart and hobby stores)
• Puffer fish photos (from magazines or printed from Internet)
• Questions and answers you want to share with your audience
• Items to use on your board as fun examples of puffer facts
Our science fair display answered the following questions:
“Where in the World Are Puffers?”
(We used an enlarged map from the National Geographic website)
“How and Why Do They Puff?”
53
“Cool Facts about the Puffer”—There are many cool facts about puffer
fish in the pages of this book! We included elastic skin (with a balloon as an
example of “elastic skin”); no ribs (with a pipe cleaner as an upside down “U”
illustrating what happens when a puffer fish inflates); eyes that move independently (2 googly eyes as examples) and pleated stomach (illustrated with 2
pleated papers glued together)
“What Do Puffers Eat?”
“What Eats Them?”
What other questions and answers can you come up with after reading this
book?
Use your puffer fish models and display board to tell your audience about
God’s unique creation—puffer fish!
54
Good Old Days
For our history lesson on puffer fish, we are going to explore natural history. Let’s
begin with an early drawing of a puffer fish. While on expedition to the United
States between 1838 and 1842, Sir John H. Richard made a sketch of a puffer fish.
You can see his puffer fish at this website: http://www.150.si.edu/chap3/3fish.htm
Sir John H. Richard was a naval officer from 1807 to 1855 with the Royal Navy. In
the navy, Sir John was a naturalist, which means he studied natural history. Because
he was a naturalist, he was included on several expeditions with the navy. His job
was to collect and draw animals and plants that he found in faraway places. He went
on two expeditions to the Arctic and was known for very accurate drawings of the
Canadian Arctic Region. But his puffer fish drawing did not come from one of the
Arctic expeditions. You’ll learn about the locations of puffer fish in the geography
section. Then you’ll know that they can’t be found in the Arctic!
The study of natural history relies on drawings and renderings of plants and animals
by the historian. If you want to be a natural historian, you must have good powers
of observation. A natural historian observes animals and plants and records them in
the form of drawings. Sir John drew plants and animals he saw while on expedition,
but he also drew items that were sent to him by other scientists and historians.
His drawings were then made into lithographs or engravings so that they could be
printed for books. Sir John’s ability to observe plants and animals down to the smallest detail made him a respected natural historian in the 1800s.
So Sir John H. Richard was a natural historian in history. During the same period during which Sir John H. Richard drew his puffer fish (1838-1842), Oliver
Twist by Charles Dickens was a best-seller (1838); Abner Doubleday drew the
first baseball field (1839); Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., future Supreme Court
55
justice was born (1841); William Henry Harrison, ninth President of the United
States, died one month after his inauguration (1841); the polka became a popular
dance (1842); Boston, Massachusetts, and Albany, New York, were connected by a
railroad for the first time (1842); and ether was used for the first time in surgery
(1842). Of course, those are just a few of the occurrences in history during this
time. You can find more by researching those years in a history book or online. There
was a lot going on in history during the years in which Sir John was drawing plants
and animals. Just think for a minute about all the things that are happening right
now in the world while you are learning about puffer fish. What will be in future history books about this day?
Activity #1
Let’s be a puffer fish natural historian today. Take a sheet of white paper. You can
use any writing or drawing materials to complete this activity. First, draw a border
around your page. You can make swirls, or simply a box around the margin (rounded
corners are nice if you’re making a box). The border isn’t completely necessary, but
it makes the finished product look nice. At the top of the page, we are going to write
the family name of the puffer fish. Write Tetraodontidae at the top of your page.
Now we want to fill the page with pictures of various puffer fish. To get an idea of
what to draw, look at different puffer fish on the Internet. Here are a few sites
with pictures to get you started:
http://www.oceanlight.com/lightbox.php?x=puffer_fish__marine_fish__fish__animal
http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/content/animals/animals/fish/pufferfish.htm
Be sure to draw a variety of puffer fish. If you look at some of these pictures, there
are many varieties of puffer fish. They are very colorful, so your colored pencils,
markers, or crayons could come in handy here.
Your natural history page should have
er fish on it with some puffed and some
fish do not stay puffed up all the time.
the scientific name of the fish, write it
fish drawing. Your finished page should
several different drawings of puffnot. You should know by now that the
When you draw your fish, if you see
underneath or along the side of your
have several varieties of fish on it.
Sir John drew many different animals and plants while on his explorations. If you
want to continue to be a natural historian, take a fresh sheet of drawing paper and
your writing utensils outside and make a natural history of your back yard or a park
nearby. Draw all the plants and animals you see while outside, covering the page with
56
your drawings. Label this page with today’s date and
the location (for example: my backyard or lakeside
park).
You can become the noted natural historian of your town and make
a book of drawings of the plants and animals you find all over your neighborhood.
Activity #2
Make a lithograph, like Sir John. Now that you’ve seen a puffer fish and drawn one
for Activity #1, cut the edges off a clean Styrofoam meat tray so that you have a
flat piece. Use a toothpick to draw a puffer fish in the tray. Do not press so hard
that you push through the Styrofoam, but press hard enough to leave an impression
in the tray. When you’ve finished drawing the puffer fish, use markers or paint to
color the fish and then press the fish, paint/marker side down, onto a sheet of blank
paper. This is similar to the process of making a lithograph. Don’t forget to label
your lithograph! (Note to parents: This activity can be done by cutting into a potato
as well, but a lot of adult supervision is required.)
Activity #3
Use the events listed in the last paragraph of the reading above to make a minitimeline of 1838-1942. You can add items to this timeline or just use those listed
above. Turn an 8½” x 11” piece of paper on its side. Draw a line across the middle of
the page from left to right. Use a ruler to keep it straight. Starting from the left,
make a mark 1 inch to the right and label that mark 1838; make a mark 2 inches to
the right of 1838 and label it 1839; make a mark 2 inches to the right of 1839 and
label it 1840; make a mark 2 inches to the right of 1840 and label it 1841; your final
mark is 2 inches to the right of 1841 and is labeled 1842. You can complete your
timeline one of three ways. (1.) Write each of the events on your timeline. (2.) Find
a picture representing each event and print it out. Paste the pictures in the right
years on the timeline. (3.) Draw your own pictures that represent each of the timeline events. Make sure to put them in the right years!
Activity #4
Answer the following questions:
1. What was the name of the naturalist who drew a picture of a puffer fish sometime between 1838 and 1942?
2. Describe what it means to study natural history.
3. What should you be able to do well if you study natural history?
4. Name one other event that happened around the same time that Sir John’s was
making his puffer fish sketch.
57
Where in the World?
Our natural historian, Sir John H. Richard, traveled to the Arctic, but that’s
not where we will find puffer fish.
Puffer fish are found in a band around the globe. If you are looking at a globe,
find 45 degrees latitude north. Leave one finger resting on 45 degrees latitude
north and now find 45 degrees latitude south. With one finger on the 45 degrees latitude north and one on 45 degrees latitude south, you can trace the
band around the world where puffer fish can be found.
Although they are mostly saltwater fish, there are some freshwater puffer
fish. If you would like to do a geography activity, mark 45 degrees latitude
north and 45 degrees latitude south on a printable world map. Then color all
of the water between those two latitude markings. This will clearly show you
where you can find puffer fish!
And how will you get to where you find the puffer fish? Will you take a boat?
Will you fly in a plane? Well, however you get there, don’t forget to take your
sketchbook!
58
Let's Get
Creative
Spiny Paper Plate Puffer Fish
Age: 3-6 years old (fun for all ages!)
Some puffer fish have poky spines all over their body. These spines help them
defend themselves against bigger fish who might want to eat them. You can
make your own spiny puffer fish paper plate puppet. Use him to pretend he is
being chased by predators, which he escapes because of his poky skin.
Templates available at http://www.dltk-kids.com/animals/mppufferfish.htm
Materials needed:
•Construction paper in desired colors
•Paper plate
•Tempera or acrylic paint in desired color
•Pencil and black marker
•Scissors or paper cutter
•Glue
Instructions:
1. Puffer fish can be found in many different colors. Choose
a color for your puffer fish and paint the paper plate that
color.
2. Draw a half-circle with a marker on the edge of a plate.
3. Cut a triangular mouth from the half-circle area.
4. Glue the piece you cut out onto the back as a tail.
5. Cut an eyeball out of construction paper.
6. Cut long triangles out of construction paper and glue them around the paper
plate.
7. Cut a fin shape and glue to the middle of the fish.
60
Draw a Puffer Fish Step by Step
Age: 8 years old and above
Follow these step-by-step diagrams to draw this unique member of God’s
creation.
Materials needed:
•Drawing paper or sketchbook
•#2 pencil
•Kneaded eraser
•Colored pencils, pastels, crayons, or markers
Instructions:
Follow the four easy steps below to draw your puffer fish with your #2 pencil.
Erase any unwanted marks or lines when finished. Complete drawing by coloring your puffer fish with pastels, crayons, or markers.
Optional: Draw a habitat for your puffer fish to swim in.
1.
2.
3.
4.
61
Hands-On Learning
The Puffing Puffer Fish
Ages: Preschool to 12th special needs
(some physical activity suggested for
younger ages)
Time needed: About an hour
Objectives:
ŬŬIntroduce the unique features of a puffer fish to special needs student.
ŬŬReinforce the concepts of what fish are and where they are found.
ŬŬReinforce the concept that animals have feelings and should be treated with
care.
Materials:
ŬŬModel of a fish (puffer fish, too, if one can be found easily)
ŬŬLive fish (trip to a pet store can possibly be arranged)
ŬŬFilm clip from YouTube on puffer fish:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rAGWO5i2C5M or any other representative clip of puffer fish doing its thing
ŬŬModeling clay
ŬŬConstruction paper
ŬŬPuff paint
ŬŬTactile drawing kit
Procedures:
Learning disabled students and intellectually delayed students, regardless of age, will benefit from the multimodal media of the film clip and
websites with text, pictures, and charts. If you know your student’s preferred learning style, emphasize that in your resources, but do not eliminate other styles. Using all modalities will reinforce the concepts being
learned. Blind students can listen to a full description of the film clip noting
certain key actions especially of the film clip that is needed for the lesson
64
such as the shaking of the otter’s head after he tries mouthing the fish, the
very large puffer fish after he has inhaled the water, etc. Deaf students can
watch the film clip and then the teacher can sign in ASL or type a film transcript of the features of the film clip that need to be highlighted. Deaf-blind
students may or may not be able to use the film clip depending on their visual
and hearing limitations. Adapt using the ideas above, if possible.
Describe to your student, regardless of limitations, the concepts of the puffer fish that your student is capable of understanding at this level. If your
child is just learning about fish in general, use a toy model of a fish of any type
first. Let him use all of his available senses including touch to explore the fish
and discover with you the uses for the fins, mouth, eyes, etc.
Remember, all students can benefit from using all the senses to explore and
reinforce learning. Describe the scales (in more detail, if the toy figure doesn’t
have much tactile detail for the fins or scales), explaining how they protect
the fish like our skin does and help it to be flexible to swim and move in the
water. Describe gills in the same manner.
Now move to the puffer fish model, explaining that this fish has been startled
and is trying to protect itself by becoming so big to be scary to a bigger fish
trying to eat it and maybe, too big to fit in its mouth.
It is possible to gently let a student touch a live fish in
water to feel the scales and fins. Deaf-blind children will
benefit the most from this because, especially if they are
completely or nearly deaf-blind, feeling the movement
will help them understand the fish is alive. You must
explain that they should only touch gently because fish
are animals and have feelings too. “If someone pinches
or hits you, it hurts. It will hurt the fish too if you
aren’t gentle. We also only touch the fish once, so you
can learn more about it. If we touch fish too much,
though, we could make them sick or hurt them.”
65
For teacher information to use as you wish, puffer fish in captivity are not
poisonous because the bacterium needed to make the poison is not present in
the water. An aquarium or pet store might be willing to help your deaf-blind
student learn more about the puffer fish.
A way to help a deaf-blind student understand the concept of a puffer fish
swelling itself with water or air is to use a balloon and water and/or balloon
and air. You can role play with the student about how the fish might suck in
air to blow himself up. Tell the student to take a deep breath and hold it in
his mouth to puff out his cheeks. Tell him to pretend his whole body is growing bigger by holding his arms out and walking stiffly. Let him have fun with
it. Then say we can pretend this balloon is a puffer fish and feel it grow as it
sucks in air or water to scare away the fish who wants to eat it. Let the child
hold the balloon as you fill it with air or water. Let him feel it as it expands in
his hands. He can even pretend to be the bigger fish trying to eat the balloon
if he promises not to bite.
You can teach a deaf or deaf-blind student about the puffer’s other defense
by signing oil or grease (non-dominant hand held palm stretched out and facing
in toward the body, then using the dominant hand grasp the index finger side
edge of the hand with fingers and thumb and slide off the edge of the hand
like you are feeling oil or slime). Then sign poison which is like medicine, but
with a “p” hand shape in the dominant hand touching the center of the open
palm of the opposite hand with the middle finger. Move the middle finger in a
motion similar to grinding medicine to a powder with the old-fashioned mortar
and pestle (which was a small, wooden tool with a rounded head for grinding or
crushing).
P
O
I
S
66
O
N
One last suggestion for young special needs students that can get them physically active is to let them do a puffer fish dance by pretending to be a puffer
fish and “swimming” around puffing up if they see a big fish and blowing it out
when they are safe (water isn’t necessary). If you have more than one student, one can pretend to be the big fish and one the puffer fish as they move
around trying to eat and not get eaten. Let the giggles flow naturally.
Resources
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puffer_fish
http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/fish/
pufferfish.html
http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/content/animals/animals/fish/pufferfish.htm
Ball or puffer fish toy with tactile spikes: $4.99
http://tgftoys.com/?mainURL=%2Fstore%2Fcat
egory%2F8gy3%2FAmphibians_Fish_Sea_Life.
html%3Fcategory_id%3D8gy3
Anemone clown fish toy: $4.99
http://tgftoys.com/?mainURL=%2Fstore%2Fca
tegory%2F8gy3%2FAmphibians_Fish_Sea_Life.
html%3Fcategory_id%3D8gy3
67
The Curiosity
Fact Files
Children learn best by doing, so we have provided a fun way to ensure that your children
are really learning the material that they
are studying. Our “Curiosity Snippets” are
mini-book activities that are simply meant to
provide a starting point for your family. We
hope that you will have fun with these, and
that you will come up with more Snippets of
your own to add to your collection.
On the next page, you’ll find a file folder template that you can use to create a storage
container for your Curiosity Snippets. Have
fun!
The Curiosity Files: The Puffer
Dung Beetle
Fish
68
First you need to make a folder to store your files. To get started, take a
piece of 81/2 x 11 card stock and using the template below, trace a line along
the top edge of your paper with a pencil. Cut along the line to make the top of
your folder.
!
Next, fold your paper in half lengthwise, and tape the sides together. You
should now have a folder measuring 51/2 x 81/2. Fill in what your objective will be
for this case, and cut out the report cover below to glue onto your file folder.
!
Puffer Fish
FACT: Puffer fish are
very poisonous.
OBJECTIVE:
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
Now use your folder to keep your files safe, and have fun with The Curious
Case of the Puffer Fish!
Snippet #1: Puffer Fish Fan Book
Puffer Fish
Puffer fish are very unique creatures. Cut out the petals below. On each, answer the question given about the puffer fish. Fasten them together with a
Puffer fish are very unique creatures. Cut out the petals below. On each, answer the question given
brass brad to create a fan book, and then attach it to the lapbook.
about the puffer fish. Fasten them together with a brass brad to create a fan book, and then attach it to
the lapbook.
Puffer Fish
How many different types of puffer fish are there?
In order to “puff up,” what does a puffer fish
fill its body with?
What covers the outside of the puffer fish?
What type of shark is particularly
fond of puffer fish?
What part of the puffer fish’s body
breaks down the food that it eats?
70
Vocabulary Words
Snippet #2: Vocabulary Words
Cut along the dotted lines below. Fold the flaps on the solid lines to bring the
outside edges
theFold
outside
ofthe
each
flap,to write
vocabulary
Cut alongtogether.
the dotted linesOn
below.
the flaps on
solid lines
bring theaoutside
edges word.
Then, open the flap and write the definition of the word inside. Glue this into
together. On the outside of each flap, write a vocabulary word. Then, open the flap and write
your lapbook.
the definition of the word inside. Glue this into your lapbook.
71
To be sung to the tune of “Ten Little Indians”
Verse 1: Twelve little, twenty-four little, thirty-six little puffer fish
Forty-eight little, Sixty little, Seventy-two little puffer fish
Eighty-four, Ninety-six, One hundred eight little puffer fish
One hundred twenty puffer fish live in the ocean water.
Verse 2: Globefish, puffer, balloonfish are puffer fish
Blowfish, bubblefish, globefish are puffer fish
Swellfish, toadfish, fugu, and toadies
All are types of puffer fish.
72
Read All About It
Check your local bookstore or library for books about the puffer fish. Here
are a few suggestions:
• Puffer Fish by Jody Sullivan Rake
• Puffer Fish by Colleen A. Sexton
• Rub-A-Dub Sub by Linda Ashman
• Practical Fishkeeping: Guide to Pufferfish by Chris Ralph
• The Puffers of Fresh and Brackish Waters by Dr. Klaus Ebert
• Extremely Weird Fishes by Sarah Lovett
• Brackish-Water Fishes: An Aquarist’s Guide to Identification, Care, & Husbandry by
Neale Monks, editor
• Rainbow Fish: Puffer Cries Shark by Sonia Sander
• Emily and Her Pouting Puffer Fish by Dana Phipps
• Fishes of the Gulf of Mexico: Texas, Louisiana, and Adjacent Waters by H. Dickson Hoese
and Richard H. Moore
• Pufferfish (Freaky Fish) by Tori Miller
• A Field Guide to Atlantic Coast Fishes: North America (Peterson Field Guides) by C. Richard Robins, Carleton Ray, Roger Tory Peterson, and John Douglass
• Handy Pocket Guide to Tropical Coral Reef Fishes (Handy Pocket Guides) by Gerald R. Allen, Roger Steene, Rudie Kuiter, and Mark Strickland
• Let’s Make a Fugu Kite by Alka Fowler
73
Wanna
Learn
More?
Surprisingly, much information is available about puffer fish. If you’d like to learn
more, visit these websites. Please remember that TOS does not endorse these Web
sites and is not responsible for the content therein. Parents, we would encourage
you to visit these websites first and check for content before allowing your children
to click through to them.
http://www.pufferfish.net/webcam.php
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraodontidae
http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/fish/printouts/Pufferfish.shtml
http://biomechanics.bio.uci.edu/_html/nh_biomech/pufferfish/puffer.htm
http://www.kidzworld.com/article/745-wild-things-puffer-fish
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugu
http://japanesefood.about.com/cs/seafoodfish/a/fugublowfish.htm
http://web.ukonline.co.uk/aquarium/pages/pufferfish.html
http://www1.broward.edu/~ssimpson/Pearce..htm
http://www.aqua-fish.net/show.php?h=pufferfish
http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Pufferfish
http://www.exploringnature.org/db/detail.php?dbID=43&detID=1167
http://a-z-animals.com/animals/puffer-fish/
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/puffer-fish.html
http://saltaquarium.about.com/od/porcupinepufferfish/tp/tppufferfishprofileshub.htm
http://www.nhes.org/articles/view/732
http://www.ozanimals.com/Fish/BlackspottedPufferfish/Arothron/nigropunctatus.html
http://www.yoto98.noaa.gov/books/puffy/puffy.html
http://www.armoredpenguin.com/crossword/Data/best/biology/pufferfish.01.html
http://animal.discovery.com/news/afp/20051121/pufferfish_zoom0.html
http://animal.discovery.com/videos/wild-russia-russias-secret-underwater-world.html
http://www.miamichildrensmuseum.org/kids/quiz.html
http://www.daniellesplace.com/html/under_the_sea.html
http://www.mysticaquarium.org/videos/animals/396-training-puffer-fish
http://www.angelfire.com/la/kinderthemes/gocean.html
74
Answer Keys
Let’s See How Much You’ve Learned . . .
1.B
2.True
3.The Tiger Shark eats puffer fish.
4.C
5.A, B and D
6.pleats in the lining of the stomach
7.True
8.B, C, and D
9.saltwater, freshwater, and even brackish water
10.often aggressive; can kill tank mates
11.A
12.D
13.C
14.the Emperor
15.its four large teeth
16.A
17.eating the fugu you’ve prepared
18.globefish, puffers, balloonfish, blowfish, bubblefish, swellfish, toadfish, fugu, and
toadies
19.D
20.False
21.chameleons
75
Multiplication
Exchange Rates
1967-1970
400
____________
134,655 JPY
1990-1995
600
____________
1,005 EUR
1992-2002
1100
____________
1,725,750 IQD
1997-2009
1300
____________
945 GBP
1942-1944
300
____________
112,650 KES
19,710 MXP
1967-1970
200
____________
10,980 ZAR
1990-1995
300
____________
6732.75 JPY
1992-2002
550
____________
50.25 EUR
1997-2009
650
____________
86,287.50 IQD
1942-1944
150
____________
47.25 GBP
5,632.50 KES
985.50 MXP
Elapsed Time
549 ZAR
10:20 p.m.
#1 $16.15 USD
7:50 a.m.
#2 $29.95 USD
4:20 a.m.
#3 $21.50 USD
2:35 p.m.
#4 $19.85 USD
12:30 p.m.
5:20 p.m.
#5 $1.95 USD
12:10 p.m.
#6 8025.44 JPY
#7 $89.40 USD
10:40 p.m.
8:17 a.m.
4:50 a.m.
2:32 p.m.
1:05 p.m.
5:56 p.m.
12:11 p.m
76
The Fisherman and His Wife
Once a fisherman and his wife lived in a little hut by the sea. One day the fisherman sat on the shore
with his rod.
“The fish do not bite today,” he said.
Just then something pulled his line. He drew up a large fish.
“Let me go,” said the fish. “I am not good to eat. I am not a real fish. I am an enchanted prince.
Please put me back into the water, and I will swim away.”
The fisherman put him back into the water, and went home to his wife.
“Did you catch no fish today?” said his wife.
“I caught a very large fish,” said the fisherman. “But it said to me, ‘I am not a real fish. I am an
enchanted prince. Put me back into the water, and I will swim away. So I put it back into the water,
and it swam away.”
“Did you wish for something?” said his wife.
“What should I wish for?” said the fisherman.
“You could wish for a pretty cottage,” said she. “I am tired of this little hut. Go quickly and tell the
fish that we want a pretty cottage.”
So the fisherman went back to the sea. The water was all dark and green. He stood by the shore,
and said,
Come listen to me,
For my wife Isabel
The fish swam to the shore and said, “What does she want?”
“She wants a pretty cottage,” said he. “She is tired of our little hut.”
“Go, home,” said the fish. “Your wife is in her cottage now.”
The man went home. There stood his wife at the cottage door. She took him by the hand and said,
“Come and see our cottage.”
There was a pretty little parlor, and a bedroom and a kitchen. There was a little yard with ducks
and chickens. And there was a little garden.
77
“Is this not beautiful?” said the wife.
“We shall always be happy now,” said the fisherman.
But one day his wife said, “This cottage is too small. I want a large castle. Go quickly and tell the
fish.”
So he went back to the shore. The sea was all purple and dark blue. The fisherman stood by it and
said,
Come listen to me,
For my wife Isabel
“What does she want?” said the fish.
“She wants a large castle,” said he.
“Go home,” said the fish. “Your wife is in her castle now.”
The fisherman went home. There stood his wife on the castle steps. She took him by the hand,
and they went in. There were large halls and beautiful rooms. There were golden tables and chairs.
There was a garden full of flowers and fruits. And there was a forest full of deer and sheep.
But his wife was not happy. She wanted more power.
The next morning she said, “You must be king of this country. Go quickly and tell the fish so.”
“I do not want to be king,” said he.
“I will be queen then,” said she. “Go quickly and tell the fish that I must be queen.”
So the fisherman went back to the shore. The sea was dark and gray. There were great waves, and
they dashed upon the shore. He stood by it and said,
Come listen to me,
For my wife Isabel
“What does she want now?” said the fish.
“She wants to be queen,” said the man.
“Go home,” said the fish. “Your wife is queen now.”
78
The man went home. There he saw a great palace with towers and gateways. There were soldiers
with trumpets and drums. He went in and there sat his wife on a throne of gold. His wife had a crown
on her head and a wand in her hand.
The fisherman looked at her and said “You are queen now. We can wish for nothing more.”
“I must have more power,” said she. “What shall it be?”
The next morning she said, “What shall I wish for?”
The sun was just coming up. She looked out of the window and said, “I know what I want. The sun
must obey me, and the moon must obey me. They must rise and set when I wish it.”
So she went to the fisherman and said, “The sun and moon must obey me! Go quickly and tell the
fish.”
“I cannot ask that,” said he. “The fish is angry, and the sea is wild.”
“Go,” she cried, “I am queen, and you must obey.”
So he went back to the shore. There was a great storm. The sky was black. The lightning flashed,
and the thunder roared. The wind blew, and the waves beat high. The fisherman was frightened. But
he stood by the sea and shouted,
Come listen to me,
For my wife Isabel
“What does she want now?” shouted the fish.
“She wants to rule the sun and moon. She wants to tell them when to rise.”
“Go home now,” said the fish.”You will find your wife in her hut.”
The fisherman went home, and there sat his wife in the little hut. And there they live to this very
day.
-German Folk Tale.
79
Spelling Activities
(elementary)
Fill in the missing vowels:
1 . DO
_RSA
_L F_
IN
2 . PA
_R_
_S_
AL Y
IS
ICA
3.SPHE
_R_
_L
4._
_ST_
ELA
IC
5.F_
_
UG U
6 . BE
_A
_K
IMP
7.GHO
_ST SHR_
IL
8. SNA
__
9 . B L OO
__D WO
_RMS
1 0 . K R _I L L
11._
INFL_
AT _
E
12.PR_
_R
ED _
AT O
1 3 . B RA
_CK_
_T_
ISH WA
ER
14.FR_
ES H W _
AT _
ER
15.P_
UF F _
ER F_
ISH
16.TO
_X_
IN
Fill in the Blank:
Choose the vocabulary word or words that best completes each sentence.
K rill
1. ___________
are tiny, have a hard shell, and look somewhat like a shrimp.
brackish
2. Water that is a mixture between salty and fresh is called _______________
w ater
_____________.
fugu
3. In Japan, the puffer fish is known as _____________.
beak
4. The four sharp teeth on a puffer fish are fused together, forming a ____________.
ghost
shrimp
5. There’s nothing spooky about a _______________
______________.
puffer ____________
fish
6. They may be fun to watch but a ____________
is often poisonous.
paralysis
toxin
7. In fact, its ___________
causes __________________
in both humans and animals.
dorsal ___________,
fin
8. If the puffer fish didn’t have a ___________
it would have a hard time
swimming.
inflate
elastic
9. Puffer fish have a very ___________
stomach that allows them to ____________
like
a ball.
predator
10.A __________________
is an animal that feeds off of other animals.
80
Spelling Activities
(middle/high school)
Circle the correct spelling in each row:
1. Tetraodontidae
Tetradontidae
2. parylisis
paralysis
paralisys
3. spearical
sphericul
spherical
4. Tetrodotoxin
5. doorsal fin
Tetradotonixin
dorsal fin
7. fogu
fugu
toksin
9. elasstic
elastick
krill
Tetrodotoxun
dorsale fin
defense mechinisum
defence mechanisum
foogu
8. tocksin
10. kill
Tetroadontidea
toxin
elastic
kril
Write the vocabulary words in reverse ABC order:
1. toxin
10. ghost shrimp
2. tetrodotoxin
11. fugu
3. tetraodontidae
12. freshwater
4. spherical
13. elastic
5. puffer fish
14. dorsal fin
6. predator
7. paralysis
16. brackish water
8. krill
17. bloodworms
9. inflate
18. beak
81
Word Search
O X
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Crossword
T E T R A O D
E
4
D O R S A L F
E
N
L O O D W O R M S
E
M
7
T
E
8
P
C
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9
R
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16
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S P H
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1
6
B
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A
K
12
F
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14
G
U
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17
ACROSS
1 The scientific name for puffer fish; literally
means having four teeth.
2
O N T I D A E
N
I N
F
L
A
T
E
3
10
P
A
13
F R E S H
A
15
L
P
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I
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L
S
82
5
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11
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W A T E R
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DOWN
2 A formof self-protection against predators.
3 To swell or puff up with air or water.

Spiny Paper Plate Puffer Fish

Transcription

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