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Date: 1924-1925.
Annual Family Income.
w-Occupation of lath
Articles of clothing4,
Unit price l~epiacement perr
acemn
Yearly cost.!
pi-
---
Coats
Xwaters
i
Wraps
Dresses
Skirts
82oes
'Shoe Repair.
Half-sole
lWhole-sole.
Underclothes
dreg-see.-
House
0i
Aprous
t'
Rubbers
Umbrella
.,,
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Stockings
11
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year
.
.
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Clothes
-ther
Articles of clothing.
Unit price I Replaczeent per }
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!
Suits
,
J 5 t^ T
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g 33 3
,
l
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Shoes 7l,
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g
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Coat
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Yearly cost.
Clothing
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Unit prioe
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Replacement per
year.
(lr
Yearly cost
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Articles of clothing
Unit price
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Repinaoement per
Yearly Cost
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ffily.
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per
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Case Num
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in
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...........
Date
PMilL
Alnual Inc oe
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Location............
-4umber of Brerdwinners.
Ftz ther.......................
M1o the
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Children....
Occupc~tion. a-C.V.
.Lype of
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1.:
.
Z5.
( Approximnate Annu-l )
z
Ren t.
Clothes
Food..9
Type
1.
.
..
..............
6. Recrer,.tion.
............
7.
Chari ties
...........
.......................
8.-
MoneyN
...
.
...
4
.
3Dn te ...............
.
.. . . . . . . . . .
Scho ol ...............t
5. Church 'nd Religion.fO*.
To til *
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Sent
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......
<
Home
.
Re-investments in business.2^v',
Sc.NtinE~PA ............
Incidents
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Travel (c
fa7re,.). Q.......
Due.
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Case N1nber. .
Dnte
Locp'tion ........
Number in Ftmily.
AnnUR1 lncoe. .F-L,*P
Jum
-
r
th
,_
lf
e.r
Moth
Expendi tues(Apoia eAn.1)
Dype
Expendi turesB(Approximn te Annuri)
Dat te
* -; --6
e.rato .........
:.
t> * -
..........
.. ..
'siz
............. .
f
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Rent...
BErer(dwinners.-if
er'.........
J, _Chil
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2. Clothes 4
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.
Occupation.
sL.te.
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6 ..Recr.
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8. Monevr Sent HoIpie..--
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.
*.......11. g
4. School...
* .-*--.- 12. Travel (cr.r frre).lO .
5. Zhurch mnd Religion... bL L4-**** 13. Due .
..................
To trl..
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3.
..
Ceb.+.:Date.
)kmlber in
Loca.tibn
2..........
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AMnuR- Income
iJuube r
F,
of
...........
-redwinner
ther.31.
Mother
.........
Children...
...
-.Lype of Oacupp tion
Expenditures
I'O.
I.
3.
(Approximate
R~en t
C lo the a
.....
-**
4.
.
tX.............
.
*
*..-
.
10'.
,..
*.
.
lo O 0 lo a ..
.'-.
ReligionzO.V.
Tot l
fi/4
*
J..
...
bee~s
... .P.
8. Money Sent Home .....
9.. Re-investrnnts in businetsi&..
-:;cI'
Church end
Rcrea tion
7. Chari ti e 8
.
......
-
.
D-n te .. ..........
6.
.&t...
Type
5
Annu-1)
.,,.
.
*
.
*
11. Incidents 43Av
12. :Trnvel (enar fn~re ) ,4.
*
13. :Due s - %te.................** * **
. * .,
6 0 a
*
I4I.erl
44"I
Case
Number..
Number
in
...44..
Date
..t..
......
Tt-tit.
Ahunber
Ann-usL Income.>$.-
of
l
Flo
e../
TYpes...
winner s
r%..
Children*........
........
Occupn"tion.
........
......
-
6.
Recreation..
....<r~~
...........
7-.
; Chari ties...
....
8. Money Sent Home...........
9. Re-inve tme
*f
busines s
10-. Savings.
5. Church
re.-
6
mapproxmte Annucl)
a
Ren t
2. Glothese
3.
.
Mo the
xYpe of
Expendi tur
.--.
Location.'.
O
I
-1igion...
.
Incident4l
Travel (c
re)
13 Due s.
........
..
.
.
m Ap.
I48
-
...........
Ca Number ...-..
^-- I
ate...........
*
Location .............
*
inFc 'AL. .&7. *Q7
Mnuner Income
t, ,,
Amnun].
Jtt.
.iunber oAB2e- dwinners..I.-
Fr ther.
Ho ther..
......
.
Children....
tiype of Occupr~tion. ...
Xxpendi ture 8
(JApPrimp
be Annurl)
OPj
Il-I.e...
-
2. Clothe s..
3. Food..
_
. .
I
.
_
.
.
j.
.
Date.
6. Recreation....j
78 Charities
Money Sent -Home
........fi< ...X*
pe~~2Z~4~v 8.
9 . Re-inve stmen.t&
usines
Savings
..........
...
b 0'O1. In'ciden~tpls. °.*. ..
i
^211.
4. ch ol ..
Travel (4rr f Pre).Y/..U
5. Church dnd Reltgion...
13.
Dues...
Tot-l .
Types.
f
......
...
..
...
..
I
Cage Number.e..........
Date .te...v..
Locatign............
14ube r In Ptmktly.4..
Annual Income .;2* :° *
Expenditures
(Approximate Annu.-1)
Ren . ...
2. Clothes
3. Yo od,-. 44;a;
Deate.^*.
......
+
*.
7. ha ri ti e- 6.s.*,-* *-
..!
'
8.
9..
Church
0
6. Recreation;t-424e
1.-
5.
4
Money
Sent
Home
Re-inve'stments in pusiness4
s p.......
Savings
......
Incidentr4s
10'.
11.
32. TDuvelj.-l. o. ......
13. Dues
a
4%t
and:Reli gion
I
Totat
.....
4
9i
.
.*
Case oumber................
..........
Number in Faily .....
$
Anua I Inome o.....i
/ Location......
Number of Breadwinners ......*.....
F..>z.......
ather ....
Lothers***Ke,
*.*
*>;tsK
.
.a .;..s
Childs".
.'2.
type of Occupation..
Expenditures ( Approximate Annual )
1* Rent**0.**00
0....
/OI
Dste................
6. Recreation..60.6
.
Lp.
7.Charities*.........
...
2.Clotho ...~....
.. r . Y .. s~t10.1.-o Savinc......
3a. llkes..........4.
Incidentalso***,.W° o *-**
4. School .
12. Travelt~a.fzax*l
a
O
0
*i.
3. Food*,*,*,-.....,
r8. Money Sent Home...` me.',,,,.,,.,*.
T~ype8so 4*%--%o * 9. Re-investment in business.* *******
Rt ..'v9
5. Church and Religion'.4.......... 13. Du8es...........i
a] {aloo
t
A^
00.;8.*0*00
d.Y
Case Number
..
Date........
.
Number in Fnmily ... ........
Annual Income. . 3 tl0
,t*
Exoendi ture s
T.
iFo
\
..
Types
.........q;4t
......
..
....................
School .................140,CY.
Church mnd Religion.. ;tM
......
To tnl1...
r
tifonf.
J
,iunber of B:-erdwinners.
F the r
"-
.............
Mother..
Childreat e....
Type of ~Occup,-ti on ^P .
(Approximate Annu 1)
Ren t..... ad([Y.
2. Clo the s......
-A°
3.
od .................
. . . ..ILo
Da~te
.
...
*..*.........
6. Recren.tion .........
7. Charities.
.
8. Money Sent Home ..1
9..
10. S- vings
.
11.
Incidentr'l s...........
12. Tr-vel (crr fr re)..
13. Dues
..
....
3.
.
.
.3VtI
.
O
i.
Appendix.
Case
NlUMnb
,~rm u
.D
..
"nmily .
.....
Ft.
)me
.
Location......
c
at ............
uwnb er of Br1-erdwinner
th er...............
I-o th er .....
Chi 7- dren ....
Lype of Occup.-tion...
.
.
.'-~xpe-
(Approxim.-ite Annur1)
es
±. F
...........
4.
5.
....
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. ..
............
.
.. .. .. ...
,
.
................
..
6. Recrea tion .......
7. Chari ties .......
8. Mon ey Sen t Home . .
9. Re-investments in
10 . Savings ..........
11 . Incident ls......
2. C
3. i
. .
Dr te
....
. . .:
*
Totrl
..
V
.
.
.
>,U£
12. Travel (cr.r fpre)
....
13 . Dues.....
-and Reli gi on
.
.
,.
b
.
.
.
, .
*
.
,.
.
.
1
iii.
I../ /
.O--L
JA-
lrz
dh
.A .
;r
I
,14
' iI-j.
X
I
I
.
'...;K
The Standard of Living of the Japanese in San
ttS
rA <>i.,+
_ -~+
-_ __.1
-;W-ef..iv76-t-
and Santa Clara County.
D6i
3ose
M~A
45
Econ. Dept.
Fowler, Ruth
Course 203.
January 1925.
E.
1.
The Standard of Living of the Japanese in San Jose ahd
Santa Clara County.
To begin with,the
report for 1920 gives the Japanese population
(I..
of San Jose as 321 and of Santa Clara county as 2,981. This was said to be
about right for the present time, too, by the Secretary of the Japanese
Association of San Jose. He also estimated the number of J apanese famnili-&s
census
at 50.
Beginning in October, t prepared carefully and in as compact a form as
possible, a list of the most important and outstanding factors that go to
make up the income and outgo of a family group.
After careful revision,
about fifty or sixty copies were made. Ahile I waited for
r.
the
Secretary of the tapanese Association of San Jose)to have a copy of this
'simple and very preliminary budget printed in the Japanese paper in order
that his people would be prepared, I studied the previous studies of family
budgetsaand the background of the Japanese in the United States and their
standard of living in Japan.
C' The
United States Census Report. 1920. Population. Vol.III. Table 7. pp.
109 &110.
(vouch as The Cost of
Commission Relative
Groups. Prepared by
State!Jiril Service
Living survey, Report to the California State Civil
to the Cost of Living in California for Selected FazilY
a Special Committee Appointed for the Purpose by the
Commission. California State Printing Office, Sa.cra,F
ig the Wage- Earner's Fn lt. N.Y. B.W. Huebsch
mento, 1923.
Nearing, Scott 1914.
M
tauck, Willim 5. - Studio oft
t %
Cost
inine a aIl
t --E I
e 2-Co
E:If
II-a
RaBs
LIA-Ve
a Waa
Sionrd. 1920. Baltimore, fldPrades Con
Nesbitt, Florence - The Chicago standard u e or lilies.
Prepared for the Committee on Relief of the Chicago Council of Social
Agencies. 168 IT. Michigan Aive. Chicago. Apr. lPl9.
Maorimoto, Kokicho - The Standard of Li4vin in Japan. Baltimore 1918.
The John Hopkins Press c-(1918). Thee IewEra Printing CO. Lancaster, Pa..
Treat, Payson J. - Japan and the United states. 1853-1921. " The Japanese in America." pp_- 277 Bston & 7Y7iioughton Mifflin Co, The
Riverside Press, Cambridge. (1921).
o4
I
As soon
as
I
R~eceived
a
report from Mr. Yeiado, I visited his office
and he obtained a Japanese student of a local business college, who lives
in the community, to go with me to interpret,
le is a very capable young
man and speaks excellent
#nglish,
but declared that he
himself, found
I explained to him just
the Japanese
,
language very difficult to speak.
what I wanted, showing him the simple budgets I had prepared and which he
recognized. The following is a sample:
Case Nuiber ...........
Dat..
* ..
ICnti on............
hie of B-erdwinners.
FAHther .......................
Mrother.....................
.Of ...cupp. ........
Children
a2pe of Oecoustion ......... .
Numwnber in family .............
!annual Income ...............
.
Expenditures (Approximate Annu'l)
, Rent.
2. Clothes.....................
3. Food........................
Types ................
tYe.,-i
.......................
.....
.
.
4. School................
.. Church end Religion........
To tl.....
Dfa te...............
6. Recret-.tion..............
7. Charities..
8. Money Sent Home..........
9.. Re-investments in business.
10. Savings.
11. Incidentnis ................
12. Travel (czar fare) ..........
13.
Dues.....................
..........................
I had hoped to find more Japanese able or willing to speak English,
but in all the shops we entered, about seven or eight that afternoon, not
one woman spoke English and almost everyone of them came from the back of
the shop where their dwelling seemed to be and from one to three or four
children were in evidence,
It took the Japanese student many minutes to
explain who and what I wantedland to introduce me, and each time the woman
was exceedingly polite, embarrassed,and promised to fill out the paper as
it was explained to her.
In a hotel, after the introduction and my foolish
attempt to speak English, the hotel-keeper consented to fill out a blank,
but seemed to do so very reluctantly) indeed. However, a high school boy
who was there assured me that it would be done.
The doctor and
dentist,
we visited, promised to make out theirs and they could speak English so
that I could ask them some questions.
But the answers were indefinite,
vague, and of little value for this study, and
as far as I know
they never
filled out the blanks or turned them in as they promised that they would.
Three days later, I again visited the community and none of the blarkx
were ready -- nothing had been done in spite of the promises. The young
man, who appeared to be greatly interested in the survey and so willingly
gave his time, hastened to assure me that they all intended to do it, but._
And upon further questioning of him and coaching him, I learned that they
were afraid in some cases, did not understand in others, even after long
hours of explanation , and did not have time in others,
After making the rounds and obtaining nothing, the student said that
it would be useless to spend any more time on this as those we had visited
would be the first to fill out the blanks , that the others would be much
slower and so of course would not have done it yet. He said that he would
collect them himself. I hinted that I wished to'collect them because then
I would know more about the families, but politeness proved a barrier I
4.
ouldcoutsourtountwet4.
The student introduced me to
igh school girl, who might have helped
me on the food item by giving me a menu of a week or even a day, but she
politely told me that she would hate to promise me as she was so busy -
theu
with school work? '
s
-8
z
The children in the community played and the older boys played baseball;
and the girls did not work
s
however, they
were
always busy.
No one but
this one student could help me and heias working in a seed store during the-
timnthat he was not attending school, and I was assured that
understand me if I went alone.
So there
was the
no one would
situation.
We returned 3o the Secretat*s office and I explained that I would 1
like to meet some of the wives and mothers in their homes because it would
not be fair tb them to make a report without knowing them.
return Saturday morning.
I arranged to
The Secretary had his closed Ford car and he
called seven or eight homes by telephone speaking in Japanese ( among them
being that of an American reared Japanese girl, who married a Japanese
merchant in San Jose, but her children were coming down with the measles,
one
so of course we could not visit her; and besides she did not live in the
Japanese community.
I asked the student if she or some Japanese woman who
spoke English could go with me, but aside from the measles he said that
she did not know them very well and there was no one else except one woman
and he was sorry to say that she was sick.).
The first place that we visited was the home of an insurance agent.
The mother met us at the door and immediately brought in her baby , being
extremely pleased at my urgent plea to see him.
Her small son of about
three years did not take long to show us his new rubber-tired tricycle
and the old-fashioned phonograh upon which he miraculuosly played some
new
semipopular records by himself and then proceeded to sit on the Secretary',r
5*
6
peliegeta
he
hs
the breadwinner has
ard wher
ican s
and only
an
annual income of 2,4000a year
wife and two small children to support; however it wEcs neat,
a
clean, and home-like and cold be duplicated
the radius of
ing book
Amer._
house was furnished up to the average
Many books
mile of that house.
a
over a
hundred times within t
were
to be
revolve,
seen on a
of them appeared to be in English, but if the mother
casesome
could speck English, she did not attempt it, and the Secretary filled
ti.)
the
following
Case
Number
Ltnuber
c
out
blank:
.......
in Fnmily..
.....
cfl............
Lo c ti on
Date. *
4A
.4umbier of Breadwinners..
Annual Income....m
F-'ther.
a
.
.
.1...
-
.,
11o the r
.
Children ..........
io
ot4
'ype of Occup Po
........ 3.DJ-M
'Expendi ture s
(Approximn te Annul.1)
.
1 Rent.
2. Clothes
....
3.
Date ...........
Food.................
Types
th.
4.
School
......................
*
.
. ..
.
... ..
.
.
.
..O*
.
.
°.Q ....:..
.
........
,.
5. Church £nd Reli gion...
.
.
.
.
....
.
.
.......
Tot.-l
....
:,
6.
7.
8.
9.
10 .
11,.
12.
13.
. . ...
,
S~4ee
the bottom of
page
6 for note three.
Re cre a. tion ....
ciari ti es
{.°'DO.'.'
.
........
ovIcney Sent Home1.0°.P.-.....
Be-investments in business.
Snatings ...............
s.0
inci den tc1 s
..........
6 ;d
Travel (c r fre)
Dues
.'
.
*.....
.......
......0
.
...... . ... . ... ............
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
....................................0,...
6~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~66.
The clothing item seems entirely too low, but of course the mother a
and children may have had little more than the clothes I saw them in.
The
mother's sweater was old fashioned and could have been purchased in any C
clearance sale in San Jose for about $2.50 at the most and it may have been
cheaper in their own community shops.
However, the food item
was all out
of proportion, as $1,200 is quite too high considering the size o
fam-
ily,but I learned in a rather round about way later from the student that
the insurance agentIhad guests who came to see him from the country, and
he could not turn them out because the Japanese never did that,
did not pay board.
'any came when they were out of work.
budgets is of little value as far as accuracy is concerned.
l
they
So again the b
All the coma
munication I had with the little Japanese woman was in smiles over her
pink and red artificial roses, which she had placed in a Japanese bowl on
her center table.
It seemed to me that the. Secretary did most of the fig-
uring and guessing and then wrote down some figures.
I could not make it
clear to them that I wished only the ages of the chidren because at differ-
ent ages the clothing and food items are different,and also the school iten..
However, invariably I would be told the age of the father and mother and
not the children and unless
I
really visited the family ± had no way of
knowing, so in very few cases was I able to obtain this information, al-
though in some cases the student
(apAs
)
rtuned for the information.
I am unable to use these budgets becaus f the inaccuracies and the facts
Could not question them personally, I wilt, Just give them as I received
them. Averages or medians would be out of the question with such material
and generalization would be fatal.tThese budgets are to be found in the A
Appendix p. i..
7.
From the home of the insurance agent we
a
built about forty years ago.
ftere
So we left
a
to a better house, althouqA
again the Japanese woman did not
secretary anything
speak English and would not elxn tell the
husband would not let her.
A't
because her
blank and i have no way of khow-
ing whethergr not it was filled out. I believe,however , that she had no
children. But it was interesting to observe that her house was well furnished even to a piano and she laughed and nodded assent to my question in
regard to her playing.
She was well dressed although not stylishly so.
She would not speak English and I may be wrong in feeling that she could
have done so.
The third place that we went to the student did not go, so I learned
even less,
ath+ia
Here, however, a child opened the door and let us in.
The mother of the
family was not present and no one said anything about her, and as the Secretary, spoke Japanese to the man who entered I had no chance to ask quest
tions.
He seemed polite but annoyed at the interruption and in a business
like manner and perfect English asked me what I wanted. After my explanation he said that he would fill it out, t Ii,; r-',b'-,' i ,;,t-w -uk
:d
z- ~
i
e +r. f b
a e
Two children appeared and one
t i On
who was in the creeping stage as yet, pulled back a curtain with much satisfaction, revealing about four or five Japanese men about a table industr;oa
ly marking something with colored crayons.
The host seemed very much dis-
turbed and scolded the child, and hastened us politely away.
The garden
without was quite Japanese, with a very small bridge, a long irregular sh
shaped pond and dwarf cypress treesand queer rocks.
After this visit the Secretary told me that he was afraid those were
all the places he could show me, and insspite of hints on future v4L4tt I
was unable to make any further
visits.
Although the Secretary and the st
8.
student told me
that there were about fifty families, when it came to fi
finding them they seemed to have disappeared.
And because they were scat-
tered about among other people in and about Fifth and Jackson Streets, on
Fourth, Third, Second,- Sixth, and so on it would have been impossible to
find them alone.
I believe that I was only taken to those families who
lived in the best houses )whose standard of living as outwardly viewed was
the highest, since those living in the back of their shops were not visited.
The Secretary, upon being questioned, stated that 70 per cent of the
Japanese in the town lived in the same dwellings as their business was in
an030 per
cent in separate houses.
because of the shortage of houses.
Ievhasbtned to assure me that this was
However, real-estate men in San Jose
state that there are over a hundred houses for rent and almost every house
is for sale at a certain price, but, of course, some districts would
pro4-
bably exclude Japanese ( even though it would be difficult when the Japanese is American born) and the matter of property ownership is a difficult
one and would bf course effect the buying of houses.
In several of the s
shops i visited I could see a corner of the dwelling in the rear and in ail
most cases they revealed nothing but bare necessities.
Some of the shop-keepers had trouble concerning the annual income
and re- investments in business and felt that the questions were too much
like the income tax.
One place we visited, a woman would not do anything
because she thought we were connected with the federal income tax collectors or Government officials,
After returning week after week and each time the student had not
col-
1cted the papers and he assured me that it took over an hour to collect
each one as none were made out and he had to explain all over
each
time, I finally
made out a chart for a week's menu, hoping thatagain
in this
9.
manner I would save their time and obtain something fairly definite.
She
student seemed to think that something definite could be obtained in that
manner, so I presented him with several copies.
Wekksafter
week passed
and each time I returned he told me that some had promised to do it, but
when he went to them for the menu it was not done.
Finally, two days be-
fore New Years, after I had returned many times during the vacation for t
the material, the student had the
incomplete and poorly done venues, found
on page ii. of the appendix, - so confused that
it.
not'tuay
can be made from
They could hardlybe called a daily record of actual meals as I had
Really the investigator should take down data personally
hosed to receive.
each day for a thing of this sort, or at least be able to check up on it,
but both the secretary and the student assured me that that was not possibki
as the Japanese were very polite and considered every call a social affair
and the student said this delayed his work and would I please have every;
thing I wanted ready at one time as repeated visits annoyed his friends.
Well, this,of course, is very unsatisfactory for investigating purposes
_
that is not even seeing the family group investigated, or asking the questions oneself and explaining first hand what one wishes.
At the same time that I received the venues, the student had, after
evend-longer
time, had some blanks that I had furnished on clothing for fam-
ilies filled out
-
I had tried to make it clear that I wished families tha'C
were about on a level with the average unskilled laborer' s family, and I
was anxious that the data at the top of each page be filled out, but the
results as may be observed were disappointing.
Annual income was omitted
in every case, &hd in one case the student filled out the statements of t
three mothers on one sheet; but he was so anxious to please and thought he
had understood me
(N'
that there was nothing left for me to do but to accept
See page iii. of the appendix.
10.
the work as offered, sincetoo, t could not do it myself.
I visited several families in the country without assistance from the
Associattnnand its Secretary.
understood.
He had made it clear that I would not be
One place beyond Berryessa, I visited the home of a Japanese
farmer, whom the bankersclaim can draw his check for
$30,666
at any time.
Several years ago he bought hay from our ranch for all the 3apanese around
him and seemed to act as their banker and buyer. He raises strawberries,
vegetables, and Japanese potatoes.
But for all his wealth, he lives in a
large old American house, which is in fairly good condition, and which, if
Americans inhabited, would be properly furnished and would possess
curtain.
Apparently, from what I could see, most of the rooms were used for storage
and bedrooms combined. The front door was not used and the kitchen was thCa
dwelling place.
His daughter talked to me but could spare but a few minutes,
Her mother was in Japan with a brother and a sister.
Her twin brothers of
about twenty years, trucked for Japanese in the country.
She was eighteen
and although she liked school, she had to give it up for work.
She was pre-
paring the noon meal. The children about her were not related to her, but
were those of the women who were spending their morning
the strawberries.
Her father was in town.
( Sunday) weeding
If I had no further questions,._
and she could not tell me anything about their income or expenditures,- she,
would leave me as she was very busy.
( that is the usual
answer) but
and cucumbers are in season.
She said that they ate American food
never salads in winter, only when tomatoes
As I left, she hurried to the garden for some-
large beats, carrots, and turnips.
She said that the other families on thc,
place and the women in the field lived in the little houses
(shacks)
on the-
place and did riotesat with them.
The other places that I visited all amounted to about the same thing in
scantiness of information and in most cases amounted to the bare statements
11.
of
ie gone, not home, I no speak English.<:"
"
They all live in one room,
unpainted shacks, with no garden and no conveniences.
The women do the
washing'on Sunday and in many cases work in the field during the week.
In
most cases the mother has not been here lo g enough to have a large family
and what she has is young
-
between one an
five
ten.
I had to be very careful in whom I visited in the country because some
were very close friends of the student, who was helping me and nothing (
could be gained from him if friendly feelings were ended by my indiiidual
undertakings, especially after the assurance that he and the secretary ,bot/,
gave me, that I could obtain nothing alone.
In conversation wvith the Japanese student I learned general informati64-
concerning the community relative to the family standard of living.
In regard to dwellinge and the standard of living in general, the
student pointed out that the Japanese were pioneers here and so lived as
such.
It is true that most of the California pioneers of '49 had little
and put up with all kinds of inconveniencs; however as soon as they could
improve their surroundings they bought the then expensive imported furniture
rebuilt homeland gave their children even college training in many,
cases directly known to me.
many,
The Japanese have come to a. country thb.t has
already been settled and is no longer a true virgin pioneer country, and
it is not quite the same reason that will explain why they continue , in
the
majourbtaeOf
cases, to get along on the bare necessities.
The
is here in 1900 that was not here in '49. The houses are hereFialso;
furnituk-
althouOI,
of course, they are somewhat limited in this matter as they cannot
bty e
land and build .
Within the city, a few have availed them-
selves of the opportunity and appear to be adopting American standards and
are thus approaching the average American Standard of
living
-
if one may
Jov
speak of an average standard.
The student , also, told me that the Japanese did not shop entirely
in their own community and that the shopkeepers were poor and struggling
to make a living because the Japanese farmers in the County cannot pay theh,
for the goods that they take.
They have a great deal of money on the books
and little in their pockets - much the same complaint as that of all the
merchants in the valley during these dry years.
Then in regard to
recreation,
( as that will throw a little light upon
the standard of living ) the children play tops, marbles, and many Americafl
running games.
The older boys play baseball and are interested in-a Loyalty
League of a serious social nature.
The older people attend Japanese Dramas
shows and moving pictures, which are given in their community, as well as
attending those in the business district of San Jose occasionally.
Jppanese living in the country come in for church on Sundays
Those
and sometimes
to make social calls - that iswhen they are not working on Sunday.
The
student felt that the farming Japanese had the wrong idea in working such
long hours and said that few of the Japanese boys and girls wished to remain In the country and work as hard as their parents.
There are also
several Japanese pool-rooms and the hotel seems to be a gathering place,
for quite a group of Japanese men, who were fairly well dressed and did nor
seem to be working in the morning as late as ten and the evening as early
as four were there each time I went intoothe community.
Japanese have their own cars.
Then quite a few
Some carry the 00 or more day farm laborers
from the boarding houses to their work and use the same cars for family re-
creation occasionally.
cars and
"
The student said that several families had big fin -
liked to show the rest of the Community."
The Japanese doctor in the community said that very few came to the
vhet bej-- e- fj4
4.
,
o
7'6H/
/z chi- 6-t-4e
o
znc
Z
r
sw co/
6ai 460sv,-
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hosptl,
e,
/I
13.
If they were sick enough for that they thought that they would die and werc
afraid to leave their homes.
In questioning him about the difficulties
the doctors met in keeping windows open in the sick room, he said that he
met the same problem.
He also said that during this fall and winter colds
were very prevalent.
The Japanese
dentisto-wMd
is a graduate of the University of Californid,
said that the Japanese neglected their teeth along with other people and
some in the community were not familiar with a tooth brush.
TA regard to education, all the
children'I
school better than to play, except one
-
a
questioned liked to go to
high school boy who had very u
much the American high school boy point of view.
he is the son of
a board-
ing house keeper and seems to spend Saturdays working for a hotel owner.
One school teacher in the county said that her two brightest pupils were
4aetqV
and Ctewasu&ll she could do to prevent them from becoming the absolute K.
leaders of the class in all undertakings as the children were anxious to
follow them, but of course the parents would object.
Another said that the.
parentsr~of the #Japanese children are anxious to have them succeed in school,
and the children are either very good or very aughty.
One teacher tried to find out for me what her Japanese children had
for lunch, but they always became silent when questioned.
the said she did
not see how they had time to eat anything as they ran several blocks to
to their community and rushed back in about ten minutes - to study?
to play until the bell rang,
-
no;
The teachers speak of the extreme neatness
of some and the extreme dirtiness of others and the same is their report
yIost of the children are very ecollornically
dressed, oaten having dresses alike and lunch baSs to match.
of the homes they have visited.
14.
In questioning shor.p keepers. in places where the Japanese shop, we find
quite a wide divergence of standards.
Some report that the Japanese buy
the best foods and goods, others that they buy the cheapest.
course, 'may be accounted for in the fact that the
(oun
This, of
'Japanese
are
riot followers of the latest styles and some of the
the wife of one merchant who was reared in an
quite American.
city Japanese, particuldr,
American family, would be
One little. boy was sent into one corner.grocery for after_
noon tea cakes and the grocer said that he had the Greatest call for these
cakes among the Japanese in and about Fifth and Jackson Streets.
In regard to the food that they eat, I was generally told that they atea
American food.
The student estimated it at fifty per cent American, and
fifty per cent Japanese. A Japoanese lunch would consist of
Japanese pickles.
In the appendix I have included
a
tea, rice, and
iLmenu for two days
which the student obtained from a Japanese woman who cooks for
family.
I could not find out the income of the
o whether or not they took in boarders.
familyof
family,
the sir.-
a
Japanese
of the
I have not copied it as
I might change some things which are not clear to me and might be to another,-
From reports)and obsrvations at nine in the rnorning'as the housewives passed
ay point of observation ( the porch of Secrtary's office), Carnation mush
seems very popular and is bought in large cartons. Several grocers verified
this observation as well as the Secretary.
My hope of obtaining a definite, thorough-going list of the quantity
of each food consumed by a certain size family with a certain income so
that I might price the food in San Jose and thus come to some definite
knowledge of their food. expenses was entirely unsuccessful and disa-,tpointing. However with a great deal of patience and time it could be accomplisA-
especially
by a person who could speak Japanese and could put himself
in full sympathy with them and h
he
the
Dower and ability to make them feel
ed,
I.Ve
lb,
that sympathy.
As for the matter of clothes, the lists I gave the student were very
much mixed up in the process of collecting material and the mothers did no-t
seem to be able to take an inventory even with the student's aid.
that they were quite inclusive and it
tookhuite
a bit of
He rema'keed
explaining to sho W
him that all items must be included if any sort of an idea of the true yeavt
expenditures were to be obtained.
I gained more from little remarks he
made than from the papers he gave me.
Most of the mothers bought no wraps
for themselves and little or no new clothes, but bought for their children
who went to school, and, of course, for their husbands who had to go out.
This was done not to save, but because they did not have the money,
ing to the student.
The shopkeepers
-
and most of the Japanese families
in the community are those of shop keepers, as far as I can find out
barely make enough to live on.
accord-
can
However this is refuted by the budgets turer,/
into me in several cases if they re reliabe, but I am afraid they are not.
One shop keeper had difficulty in-making his budget out, he reported, because he had investments in the country and various other things. Another
shop keeper, who had a pool room could not make his out very well as he fez
seven or eight Japanese who spent the day in the pool room and did not pay
him. Thy he stood for this was not explained. Yes, The student said that
it was possible that they brought him in some income which was not obtained
through a regular job.
I am quite sure that the school children ,
especially
after they have reached high school, influence the family standard and particularly dkreIrpppn the income for " clothes like the other boys and girl-s
wear,." One high school girl, who lives in the back of a store in the community dresses quite up to the standard of the high school girls of the
average American family of good sense, but her mother was in an old fashioned
much-worn clothes. However, in social life with other than Japanese , she
16.
was not allowed.
She joined a Girl Reser*veClub of the Y.W.C.A., but could
not attend their club social dances. She also attended the Presbyterian
Church and the Sunday school class for her years.
said ha
Dancing, the student s
ot been very successful among them although it might be later .
lie tried to obtain cooperation from the Loyalty League) of which he wal, a
member, but although the members were interested they all stated that they
were very busy and could not spare the time even to make out a days
meny
of what they had for their meals. They were anxious to give that job to t
their secretary , who protested.
This must be very much like all American
organizations - let George do the work.
I believe that for a true investigation of this question it would be
necessary for the investigator to spend several months, but a year would
be better, living in the community with the Japanese, and
Uwould
almost
have to be a Jpanese student; boy or girl, as no one else is likely to be
accomplished in the Japanese language
at least in this community.
-
and these are prime necessities,
The Directory
of
Japanese Students
in
North America
1923 -1924
The Directory
of
Japanese Students
in
North America
I
1923 -1924
IThe Committee on
Friendly Relations Among Foreign Students
347 Madison Avenue, New York City
CONTENTS
Greetings froin the Gener al Secre5
tary
.........................
II. Greetings from the Seeretary for
Japanese Studellts ...... .......
7
.r.
1I. The Friendly Relations Committee:
Historical Sketch .....
9
........
Headquarters and Departments. . 10
Objects .......................11
Practice,al Services .....
12
........
Big Foor of the .Japanese Division ..........
IV.
V.
VL.L
VIlI.
VI 11.
IX.
N.
Xl.
XII.
..............
14
Work Being Contemplated ...... 15
Key to Directory ................. 17
Abbr evizations .......
............
17
aipa nese oil the Faculty of Amneriean Ed(lletionLal I nstitutioIIs ...
19
Jnapaese Student Organizatiois. 20
Directory:
Japanese Students in the U. S.. 23
Janpanese Students in Canada ... 78
........ 79
Geographical Index .....
I tldex to nstitutitot s ............. 80
I idlex to Nimes ................. 83
Geographical Surmnuay .......... 95
CIIARLI:S 1). IfUUllEY
General Scecretary
Committee on Friendly Relations
I'Foreignt Student's
Anmong
TO JAPANESE STUDENTS IN
AMERICA
I N behalf of the Committee on
Friendly Relations Among Foreign
Students, I take great pleasure in extend(ing to all of you most cordial
greetings an(l best wishes for 1924.
As unofficial ambassadors from the
Japanese Empire to America, you are
a potent factor in promoting international friendship and goodwill. We
welcome you heartily to our homes,
our colleges, schools, and churches.
I am commfident that you will find
this little booklet both interesting and
usef ul.
Cor-dially yours,
sLe4AA
Ro\- If. A\KA(I,I'i).
( iii
Scc cStanOl fo}i Iv IShtoilsAiiiorts
Ctommllittee oil FrXiel)(11y ltelattiolls Alll-ollg,
F'ori-(1g[ Stiudenits
TO ALL JAPANESE STUDENTS
il yomlha11m(, I visli
jNpliIwii,tlis coilDirec(tory
unIi lhira tfelt geetiig's for
to uxtelnd t
thle veirl 1921. If you fiil( thie booklet. iiitecresi ig ,aIll useul, praly read tbollt the Friendly
a
ite
es
osel
Relat itioas (Comiminittee unio In
:mssp
vais (iompiled :lll puildishiedl. It is al re:il pity
that ccixv few Japanese Students I9Xlovv :Ibout
dll((e ise be>llefdit ifromti its s'p(lenthle (Comm1xlittee mi
1ili priogralli or Se(wi('S.
All liatiolts l:IVec tlie biest, :is vveIl as the
worst; A nierica and hip1ai ace Ino exeptiolls.
III the -ig,:itioi g.xnme of grive and taike which we
a1e linlalJu wI bile in Aiieii:a, (consciously or
a ai
uil olisc iouislv, wve miust gis( the best of .Jp1
a iid get thlie best of Amerieia. WVhlile we are
(0(1deavorimg to give oIl b1est, often we tind tile
best of Amiierica liiddeni bel:le'tli tle silrfl;ce :a ud
onsequetl( vy imny of us miss it. I S1l:i11 be
gir:tefiI] if [ (c i,, be of service ill initrodueiniig
tliolbest of AlieliC(:i to eVely ,a'ilanese stiol( eit.
ami hi ore to secre 1/001 and(] I sincerely hope
tha.t voll wxill feel free to wvrit(e to mlie, :at anlly
line, regn-:idi ig your probleiiis a1l1(1 (litffieulties.
aodif my whioleiearteul
You (call hie ;ilvvy
:aloll scmpI.1tlictihe coopelr. 0.
MIost iorui:d lly xours,
THE COMMITTEE OF FRIENDLY
RELATIONS AMONG FOREIGN
STUDENTS
Historical Sketch
SINCE 1860 there have been coming to the
J United States students from all parts of
the world. Today nearly every country is represented and the total population in America
of students from other lands is over ten thousand. Among others, there are 2,000 from China,
1,000 from Japan, 2,500 from Latin America,
800 from Russia, 300 from India, and 2,500
from the Philippine Islands. During their sojourn in America, for a period of two to six
years, they constitute a field for the promotion
of international friendship and goodwill.
Recognizing this opportunity and believing that
something should be done, Dr. John R. Mott,
with a little group of far-seeing men in New
York, organized the Committee on Friendly Relations Among Foreign Students in 1911. Mr.
Gilbert A. Beaver, collaborating with Dr. Mott,
gave considerable time to the project of launching the Committee's work until it was possible
to secure a General Secretary for full time in
the person of Dr. D. Willard Lyon. In 1915
Dr. Lyon returned to China and Mr. Charles D.
Ilurrey wnas called to the General Secretaryship. In the recent years, Mr. Elmer Yelton,
as the Executive Secretary, has done much toward solidifying the Committee's work. Mr. E.
H. Lockwood, who has had several years of experience in Association work, both in America
and the Far East, now succeeds Mr. Yelton as
Executive Secretary.
At the time when the Friendly Relations
Committee was organized in 1911, no other
9
agency for thiat lpiiil)ose haid henii created anid
there was general indifference regarding the
welfare of students frlom other lanids. Si mice
thien, not only the niilnner of foreign stu(lents
lias doubled, but the interest in this fascinating
field of internIationlal service fias stea(lihy grown
among the A m elr i-ain people. With this imicreased interest time work of the Friendly Relations Comntttec lias also groNvii steadily and
its influence luhs extende(l even to foreign countries. During the reeenit three years, Mr. Iururey
has visited, uniler the anispices of the World 's
Student Christiain Federationi, the principal student centers of Euirope, Asia, and Latin
Amiericia, and these tours have resulted in a niew
discovery of the needs and desires of students
from those Iaiims and in the perfection of the
Comninittee's service to them in Amnerica.
Headquarters and Departments
At present, the Frienidly Relatioils (0o1i011ittee
maintains its ofif es at 347 Madison Aveiiiie,
New York City. Beginimiiig with lint one secretary, it now has a staff of lime secretaries,
including secretaries for Chlitiese, J.apainese,
Filipino, Latin- Americean, Russian, aid Korean
students. In addition to carrying on extensive
correspond(lence, eahel of these secretaries anid
the secretaries for general admini stration travel
extensively in I lie university and college fields
wfiere they meet stildeits froom other lands and
symiipatletically discuss tlieir problems with
them .
In the Jap'aliese I)ivision of the Committee s
work, Dr. K. Kato had served as part-time
Secretary for Japaniese Studenits until 1921,
when Mr. 11. Kaslidwagi succeeded hini as full10
time Secretary. Upon the latter's return to
Japan in July, 1923, the present incumbent, Dr.
Roy JJ. Akagi, was called to the office.
Objects
The aim of tile Friendly Relations Committee
is the development of Christian character among
foreign students. Together with this fundamental aim, the Committee hopes to render innumerable other services toward the welfare of
students from other lands. Its services and
facilities are available, free of charge, to students and professors from every land, without
distinction of race, color, or religious profession.
The Committee is interdenominational and international in its membership and spirit: it
seeks to meet the student's immediate need and
to cooperate with him in realizing his highest
aspirations. It recognizes the need of friendly
mediators between the foreign students and the
people and institutions of America. It is the
Committee 's sincere desire that the student
shall get what he has come for and that, returning, he shall entertain feelings of affection for
America and that he shall devote his energies to
the promotion of international friendship and
goodwill.
This unique and important piece of service
was initiated and carried forward through the
International Committee of the Young Men 's
Christian Associations. The cooperation of tile
World's Student Christian Federation, Mission
Boards, Churches, and Government officials has
been cheerfully given. A student, leaving home
for any part of the world, may, througn the
efforts of the Committee, carry letters of introduction and be assured of a cordial welcome.
11
Thnus the new world of friendship among future
leaders is being, built.
Practical Services
The services of the Friendlly Itel tions(ee>l,
nuittee may be briefly summarized as follows:
1. To St udci ts C(Joing to AnI rica. The
Committee gives inforrmuatioll corleerililig (olleges, courses of study, expenses, living conditions, etc., to students before leaving Jap:a i,
by personal conmmunications or through Associa,tion secretaries and educational leaders; meets
new students upon their arrival in Ameriiea
ports and provides for their iieiiiediate needs,
such as board, lodging, a ndl (uiidaiwee a rould
the city; Ielps thlem to proceel on tBeir wAIy
to tlieir destimati on awil itro(ldnees them to tlihe
local J:apanjese grem1) a tid the American friends.
2. To SIidci lfs Rrhirtoni 11 To ,Jaepan. The
Traffic Depa rtineiet, is I nays re:dly to lielp thmli
secure railway aiild steaiiishipill resevVation1s, laSSInc d eooperae witl thllem ill my
Iorts,s e t.,
other way to fa cilitate tlhci r ;IIoiIICy. The
committeee will hle glaid to notify thle Ja p:llse
members of thie Associ:atioen staff at tlie port of
arrival in Japan to ineet tlie returniiing stui(lerts
an(l assist tIi e ii ;in egadI (to fleir baggage,
custom exanimiatioti, hotel, etc.
3. To StudeWts (Goilq To Eutrope. The Committee is always iln touch \vith thle niationl
stuellnt olgaiiziat(imlls ill rica ly .all Europe:aii
countries. It can supply letters of introduction
which
e 1may result, oil tile OlIIe 1I:ir(I, in the S:IvirIg
of much10 trioilhl, :a i(l, Oll thle other, ill. p1:l cilr
at their disp~os il fri enidly assistamice liot ot ierwise easily oltalille. It \vill also fU1i1ishI inlformatioI Oliicernii rig coilegesa:nil 11iiiversiti es
ill different coitir ries of ErIlr1le.
12
4. To Students Who Want to Travel In
Anterica Or Canada. T'he Committee will assist thelim in mIakinig their itineraries and the
Traffic ])epartineilt will help them in selecting
route and securing reservations. It will give
letters of introduction to the Association seeretaries in various cities or colleges so that the
travelling students will receive proper attention
upon, their arrival an(d receive necessary eooperatioln to attaill their objects.
5. [o SttdcoltIs Wish inq Mail Screviec. The
(onimittce will receive and forward mails anyNwhiere. 'I'lTe students who are coining from
J.1apan to the eastern part of America or travelling extensively will find this service partieularly usefuLI. It ('.1.1a also help to locate any
.Upauese shl hlieit ini ALiericauL college or university, ol 10 communicate with persons ill
.1 ;LpOll.
6. T'o Studcts 71i.tishm g o Attcd Student
CoizfrrciC(cs. The Connoiittee invites students
from other hlinds to attend student snuinier confer el(es whtichl are lheld .a nually at several
pl:iees: Silver Ba;y, N. Y.; Lake Geneva, Wis.;
Asiloiiuar, Calif.; Seabeek, Wash.; IHollister,
Mo.-; Estes l'Pak, Colo.; and Blue Ridge, N. C.
The( hi .rti cijmlion ill these con ferences will ellI,)le teicin to i(Leet tILe represeLLt;ltives from the
Different colleges and to see Chuistian America
at its best.
7. To Studentts Needing Counsel in Personal
and 1e liqious Problems. The Secretary will
give ILis friendly aid to anly student in his personal, mora I, and religious piohldems, or his adJustmellnt to Amnterican life. The local and college Assoviationi secretaries are always only too
glad to help stu(lents to get in touch with the
13
chUhrCIes, best Ameriean homes, anld clean personal fr ends.
8. JTo StU(IdetIts MoltBiottq Pircho.S. The Purchasing Departireit malhly be able to help tihe
buy whatever they need, such as books, luggage, etc., at collsiderable savilng of money.
9. To Stude its Lookiiig for Lodgittg aood
Employment. As fr- as J)ossihle the Committee
will gladly help students to find employment,
either for practical expelietwe or for financial
need. It is hoped( that thls important work
will be further developed so that, in the near
future, definite connections mould be established
to help the employrmient quIestion for students
graduating from colleges, not only in America
hut also in Japan.
Big Four of the Japanese Division
Besides rendering general services as outlined
above, the Japanese IDivision of the Committee
has tlme following "'Big Pour" iii serving Japanese students for the cur-rent year 1923-24:
1. The Japan( se ASrtudent Bulletin-is published five times during the academic year, in
October, December, Febrcuary, April, and June.
It contains the news of Japanese students in
various colleges auld universities of the country and serves as a connecting link geogr-aphically anid a unifying factor zimorally. It is sent
free of charge to students and their friends.
2. Thte Japaitese Studcett mnmer-gency Rdlief
Fund-is serving a wonderful cause. To date
the Committee has advanced over $15,000
through the generosity of an American friend
to help forty-eight Japanese students who were
affected by the recent earthquake disaster and
who could not have continued their college work
14
otlier vise. Our monthly I)aynlelit alone in No-
vem'ber amounted to $2,340, in December to
$2,640, and in January to $2,780. These students are scattered all over the country, representing twenty-five institutions.
3. The Directory of Japanese Students in
North America-is publ)ished by the Japanese
Division according to its program of service
and distributed amnonig Japanese students and
friends free of charge. It is hoped, in the
future, more cooperation may be solicited from
the students so that the Directory may be issued earlier and be correct and complete ini
every detail.
4. ' What Japanese Students Think of
Anerica -is the tentative title of a book
which the Secretary for Japanese Students is
proposing to edit. It is a cooperative work,
being Japanese students' experiences, imupres,
sions, and observations, and any student is welcome to contribute an article before June 31,
1924. It is hoped that the book, when published, will serve to bring the Japanese students
in America closer to the American people. Regulations will be furnished upon request. All
communications should be addressed to the
Secretary for Japanese Students.
Work Being Contemplated
1. The Di-ectory Of Japanese Alumni Of
American Colleges And Universities. The plans
are already under loway to gather data for this
Directory with the (-ooperation of the Alnumni
Association of several colleges and universities.
It is hoped that the completion of the work
will not only enable us to locate any college
graduate, but show what role they are playing
in the different phases of our national and
international life.
15
2. Bibliography Of Theses Written By Japanese Students in American Colleges -And Universities. This is an attempt to gather in the
form of a bibliography all theses written by
Japanese students in American colleges and
universities for higher degrees. It is hoped that
such a bibliography will show the accomplishments of Japanese students in America and
contribute toward further utiIization of those
unknown works, the result of hard labor and
thoughtful researches.
3. Correlation Of Japattese And American
Collleges And Universitics. Many of the Jap
anese students find it difficult to enter colleges
in America simply because the standing of the
schools from which tley had graduated in
Japan is not known in America. The American
college authorities lhave similar difficulty in determining the classes which a given Japanese
student should be entitled to cuter. The classified list of Japanese schools which we have at
present is far from correct, and the proposed
work, upon its successful completion, will help)
in solving mjany a knotty problem for Japanese
students in America.
4. The Japancsc-A nu rican Forum. The Japanese-American Forumn has been successfully
organized in several places and is serving a
wonderful cause in bringing the Japanese and
American students into closer touch. It is
hoped that this idea ma.y be extended to all
centers of learning where large numbers of
Japanese students are studying. Sympathy is
limited by comprehension, while the discussion
groups are sure means to clear away misunderstandings and pave the way toward
comprehension.
KEY TO DIRECTORY
Tho Direetory is arranged alphabetically by
states and by colleges in each state. The places
where the colleges are loeate(l are indicated ill
pairenthesis after eaelh college. The names of
stu(dIents are also apliahlbeti(ally arranged by
colleges. The index at the end of the Directory
will take the place of the alphabetical list of
all Japanese students.
Each
nellame, if complete, should contain the
following information: family name and given
name:e major course and class in parenthesis;
college address; birth place ia parenthesis; prepiaratory school or higher institutions from
n liicl the student had graduated.
Abbreviations
Chein.=Chemistry.
Con .-Commerce.
Comp.=(ompositionl.
D. Iris.=Dairy
Akc.=Acoldeti
ldi. -.\d niiiiist rat ion.
Ad .-A d vr tisig.
* refi. =Arehi cit tire.
T1uisbandry.
E.,.-Arclihitctuli
A.
D~ent.=D)enflstry.
Ece. lst.=Leclesiasti<cal Irisl ory.
Elngineerilng.
Agr.=-AgriiiIlttire.
Ap. Sci.=Applied
Science.
Au. flbs.=Aniilnll
II1 sb) ad ry.
xdnuc.= lducation.
Ico -.=E1on oiics.
E. IE.=lE'lectrical
Englneehixeg.
A. S.--Arts and Science
or
Etig.=En-gireering.
EIr'llg.=zTA',nglish.
Eng. Ljit.=-Eng1ish
Literature.
Letters at(l
Sciellee.
Astr. =As rornoiiiy.
1.1(et.=Placteriology.
I
ii
Ekltitno)l.-Eqrit ontoelogy.
ok.- Inlkin g.
E'xt.=Extension.
1'. A.=FiTne Arts.
Biol.-, iology.
FloW.= otany.
I"lls. -= usiln ss.
Flor.=Floriclnlhtore.
(eol.=(Geology.
Germ).= German.
Bins. Adrn.=lBusinless
Adi intnistra
loio,
CG.=College.
Gov.=Governinenit.
Or.=Graduiate.
Il.=High School.
C. E.--Civil
Eigiiieerillg.
17
Hist =llistory.
Hom. Econ.=llonlw
Economics.
l'.sil-'lyiology,
P0o. Si. =Political
Science.
Hlort.=Horticullt re.
Phlys. E]d.=Physical
,Tourn.=Jourina lisin.
I"Aw",1ti oll .
Prel).:- re-Diental.
ILand. Gardl.=aIadscaie
PreL=Pre-Lvga].
Ga.rdleoliig.
L~ib.
t( ._
I'reM.-l're-Medi(cal.
I'rop.=Preparat ory.
Psychi.-Psychology.
3el. Ed.=Religious
Elducation1.
S.-School.
Sec.=Secretariail.
Sem.=Scln illa ry.
Soc.=Sociology.
Soc. SCi.-Sociai1
Librlrlly
Science.
Lit.=Literature.
M.- Mi(lddle School.
Maith.:-Mathelattic s.
AMcc.=Mechanicis.
Med.=Medici ne.
31. E.=3AMechanical
lEiiginecriflg.
Mtiii. Miiiing.
Alin. EI.=Milning
Science.
Soc. Eco.l-Social
Engineering.
flns.=Music.
No'lrs. Nulrsinlg.
LE'colomy.
Sp.=Special.
'ed..=Peda gogy.
Phnrmll.=T'llh~irnmley.
h'l'eol.--rheology.
U.=-iTniversi ty.
plhilou.=larilosaphy.
1'li ys.= PIh y sics.
Zool.=Zoology.
Vo(.=VocalI
or
Voice.
TO JAPANESE STUDENTS
The Editor wishes to thank you
heartily for your cooperation. Any
correction of mistakes or additional
information where the data is incomplete will be appreciated.
When you change your address or
institution, please notify the Editor.
18
THE LIST OF JAPANESE ON THE
FACULTY OF NORTH AMERICAN
COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES
Note:
For the sake of convenience this list
iiiliwides the noaes of certain persons connected
with scientific borealis and other offices at the
higher ediicatioial instill tions in North America.
Asakawa, Kanithi, A.B. (Waseda U.), M.A. (Dartmouth C.), Ph. D. (Yale U.)-Assist ant Professor of lIistory and C('ortor of the Japanese
and Chinese Collections, Yatle University. (PFukushima.)
Fujilnoto, Giichi. A.. and M.S. (U. of Hawaii)
Instructor in t'hcueuistry, Uiniversity of Hawaii.
Harada, Tasuku, B.D. (Yale U.), D.D. (Amherst
('.),l,.D. (11,dinburgh)-Ex-President of Doshistlha Univeisil y; Professor of Japanese Lanigiiage and History, IUniversity of Hawaii.
IHtai, S.. M.D. (U. of Plenna.)-Professor of Neurology, WVisiar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, University of Pennsylvania.
Ityashi, Tokuttiro, D.D.S. (U. of Calif.)-Instructor in Orthodontia, Dental College, University of Pennsylvania.
Ichilhashi, YTanmo. A.B,. and M.A. (Staiiford U.),
Ph.D.
(Harvard U.)---Assistant
Professor of
Japaiiese History and Governuient, Leland
Stailfor(l Jiiuior University.
Idei, Sol)ei, Ml). (Saisei Galkuin)-Serologist in
the Psychopoathic Hospital, University of Michigaii. (Nagaimo.)
Itano, Arao, S.l:. (Mich. Agr. C.), Ph.D. (Mass.
Agr. C.)-Assistant Professor of Microbiology,
MaIssachusetts Agricultuiral College.
Kodo, Rokusbhuro, D.Ag.Sci. (Tokyo Imperial
U.)---Associate inl Zoology, University of Illiiois.
KNno, Yoshisaburo, M.S. (U. of California)Assisttant Professor of Japanese Language.
(Aicil.)
Siigimoto, Mrs. Etsu I.-Instructor in Japanese
language, Collimbia University Exteinsion.
19
M.l). (Ntagisakii Md.'aIi( C.)Research J1':tlulogist, Iepatrtoentt of Itaeteriology anid 1'.tlhology, tIuiversity of Cincinnati.
(Nagasali.)
Th;tSiro, Slhirio, A.l., .KM., ind Phi). (i. of
Clhicago)--Assist ant Professor of PI'ysiiligicl
(Chemnistry, U(0iversity ol' (uincinnati. ( Kagoshlillla .)
'lo dn, Kenji--Artist, IDepartmuent of Zoology,
University of ( 'hictigo.
Uyei, Nao, M.S. (U. of Illinois)- Assistat in
Animal Nutrition, University of Illinois.
(Miye.)
So3yeen igal, Dinvoi,
THE JAPANESE STUDENT
ORGANIZATIONS
Atlantic Coast:
The Japanese Student Association of Itarv.rrd
University, Phillips ltrools Hionse. Cambridge, Mass.: M. Iwmaoto, Pres.; 0. N. Tanikawa, Vice-Pies.; S. Watnanahe, Trezts.; R.
Ilatttori, Sec.
The Japanese Studntent C'1) of Ynle liniversit y,
Yale University, New ILaven, (ounr.
The New York Japanese Stndenlt Club, New
York City.
The Japanese Student Clnb of Princeton University, Princeton, N. J.
The Japanese Student Clob of Cornell ollix ersity, Ithatca, N. Y.: E. Shimidmi, Sec.
The Japanese Student Clob of Princeton Udiof Pennsylvxaia, 3905 Spruce St., Philadelphia,
Pai.: M. Ilayashi, P'res.; 'T. Yesh lyaiso, Treas.;
I1. Kxodzu, Sec.
-iddle WVest:
'Thle Japa mese Student (C111l) of the Unliversity
of ('lleago, 111uiversitf of ('1i cago, Chli cago,
ad
xI~1. :'Ni xvii, S(cs.
111.: 1.. Sa wa
The Nippon ('Clob of tlie IJivirsity of lic(higan, L;ne Ir:0I, An ii A rbor, Mlich .: V'.
Pres.; Miss F. Kinii, Vice-PI'es.; G. M. ILiahsli, Treas.; Y. Kiuiazawtv, Sec.
20
'The Japanese Student Association of the University of Illinois, University of Illinois, Ur-
huiria, Ill.
'l'lTe Japanese Student Club of Oberlin College,
Oberlin, 0. Committee in charge: K. Fakii1halra, S. Watase, and T. Iwaya.
'Tlhe Japanese Student Club of Ohio State University, 111 NV. 10th Ave., Columinus, Ohio:
'11. Fiujinoto, Pres.; G. Ikehara, Sec.
h'le flawaiiasi Student Society of Chicago, 747
El. 36th St., Chicago, Ill.: W. C. Tsukiyama,
Pres.
Tlhe Japanese Student Club of the University of
Wisconsiu, University of Wisconsin, Madison,
Wis. Committee in charge: T. Obana and Y.
Ftirukawva.
Viscific Coast:
Tlhe Jalpanese Student Club of the University of
C.lifornia, 2326 Parker St., Berkeley, Calif.:
J. I. Pukushima, Pres.; T. Taketa, VicePres.; S. Nakamura, Sec.; E. Fujimoto, Ass.
Sec.; M. Miyake, Treas.; IR. K. Nagayama,
Ass. Treas.; E. Nfurata, Ilse. Mgr.; K. Nagai,
Ass, Ilse. AMgr.
The Japanese Student Club of Stanford University, P. 0. 1,ox 598, Stanford University, Palo
Alto, Calif.: G. S. Misota, Pres.; Y. Ichikawa,
Vice-Pres.; F. M. IHayashi, Treas.; M. Sera,
Se>.; T. N. Fukushima, ('orres. Sec.; T. T.
Mutrata, Ilse. Mgr.
',rie ,Japanese Student Club of Pasadena University, Pasadena University, Pasadena,
a.lif.
Tlhe Japanese Student Club of Southern California; 923 W. 35th St., Los Angeles, Calif.:
it. Oyamala, Pres.; '1'. Kimoto, Vice-Pres.; K.
uIklutant1, Se,.; 'I'. Teragawa, Treas.; T. Yahiiro, Aitl, M[gr.
'lir Ja:pan1ese St itreirt ('1111) f tIhe University of
Washington. 4115 115th Ave., N.E., Seattle,
W;tsit.: 1'. Nisldo, Pres.; T. Masuda, Vice1'es.; (0. Vanraoka, See.; I'. Korizo, Ass. Sec.;
Sloga K, 'll'iers.; Aloriwaki, Corses. Sec.
'ir.
21
The Japanese Stlideiit Clob of the Unjiversity
of Utah, University of II ah, SaIlt Lake City,
Uhtah: D. T. KaImeko, Sec.; K. Kobayashi,
Trea s.
The Japanese Stident Club of the University of
Denver, Uniiversity of Denver, Denver, Colo.
The IJUiversity of California Japanese Alumni
Association, 444 Lush St., San Francisco,
Ca I if.
Canada:
The Japanese Student Associuttion of the University of Toronlo, IUiiiversil y of Toronto,
Toronto, Canada: K. K.aidota, Sec.
The Vancouver Japatnese Stidenit Association,
Vancouver, I3. C.
Hawvahi:
The Japlanese St udent Club of the University
of Hawaii, University of IHIawaii, Honolilul,
'1'. 1I.
JAPANESE STUDENTS IN THE
UNITED STATES
CA lIFORNIA
California Institute of Technology (Plasadena) 5
Kagiwada, Frank E., (E. E. 2), 45 Mary St.
(Kanagawa) Agricultural C.
Morikawa, Fred Masato, (E. E. 3). 247 S. Pasadena Ave. (Hirosihima) Hiroshima M. anod 1Iasadena H.
Murai, Frank, (L. E. 1), 293 Kensing(moi Place.
Shintani, Kenichi, (Chem. 1), 45 Mary St. (Wakayama)
Tanaka, Masarn, (Phys. 3), 972 E. 10th St., Los
Angeles. (Hawaii)
College of Osteopathic IPhysicians and St rgeosns
(Los Angeles) 2
Nitta, Mattsutaro, (Med. 4), 1347 W. 3rd St.
Owase, Nobujiro, (Med. 1), 247 U. Ist St.
College of the P'acific (San Jose) 3
Misaki, Hisakichi, ((ermn. 2), 197 Jackson St.
Palo Alto H-.
Naka, Miss Rose Elizabeth, (Mus. 2), 766 lIedding St. (Japan)
Nakamura, Kenichiro, ((ov. 2), college e of the
Pacific.
(Wakayamia)
Leland Stanford Junior University (Ilalo Alto) 16
Arimori, Yoshihiko. (Econ.), P. 0. Box 598,
Stanford Univ. (Okaynina) Keio U.
Fujinaga, Ernest S. ((.'.), P. 0. Box 598, Stanford Univ. (h-Iawail) McKinley 11.
Fukuslifina, Thomas Noborn, (Gov. 1), P. 0. Box
598, Stanford U. (Japan) El. Salt Lake H.
Hayashi, Francis Minoru, (li. E. 3), P. 0. Box
598. Stanford U. (Yamaguchli) Yamaguchi M.
and Lowell 11.
Ichikawa, Yoshio, (Econ. 3), P. 0. Box 598, Stanford U. (Hiroshima) Onomichi Com. S. and
Sacramento H.
Iriki, Walter Keisuke, (E. E. ]3), P. 0. Box 598,
Stanford U. (Kagoshima) Kajiki M. and Oakland Hf.
Kobha, Al. F,'red (IEcon. 4), P. 0. B0ox 598, Stanford
I. Polyteclinii I If.
23
Any Book in the World,
in any Language procurable, delivered to any
available point on the
Globe.
Service by Mail, Telephone, Telegraph or
Messenger.
Inquiries Solicited
BRENTANO'S
FIFTH AVE. AND 27th ST., NEW YORK CITY
Washington Chicago London Paris
lodanni, IT., (E. E. 2), P'. 0. Box 59S, Stanford U.
(Chiba) Mvlonterey 11.
Konishi, Iliroshi William, (Al. E. 4), P. 0. Box
5.98, SI afford 1-T. (Wakayamau) Lemoore II.
ls[(rihara, Al1asivo, (NI. E. 1), P. 0. Box 598, Stanford U. IPolytechnic II.
Mlizota, George Shniehi, (Law 4), T'. 0. Box 598,
Stanford 1. (ukiokha) lRedlamds I1.
Marata, Thoimas Tombio, (MI. E. 3), 1'. 0. Box 598,
Stanford IT. (T'okyo) Polytechnic II.
Sano, JToseph, (), P'. 0. ].ox 598, Stanford U.
(S'an l'raucis,(}o)
Sera, Alono, (Econ. 2), 1'. 0. Box 598, Stanfordl
IT. (llirooshima) lir-osbuimn Corn. S. and Mills
IT.
Shinia, Togo, (1), 1P. 0. Iox 598, Stanford 1I.
Yarasalki, Seizi, (Econ. 4), P. 0. Box 598, Stanford U. (Kagoshima) Chiran Yoshn M. and
Palo Alto 11.
Mills C(illege (Oakland) 5
lIomoto, Miss Raelio, (AS. 1), Mills College.
(Calil'or ni, )
Donioto, Aliss .So0ol;, (A.S. 2), Mills College.
(CaliforaliS)
lollotot o, l~liss Toy(nI~o, (AS. 2), Mills College.
(Ca~l iteml;
Ma~lrata, ihss Sawano, (Sp.), Mills College.
(JapIan)
Tsuka no, N lis usuu a, (Econ. & SKo. 3), Mills
College.
( Sn:1)xi)
Oeci(jental (Coilege (Los Aingeles) 3
Nukamom,
flnranFrllk Isa, (Chema. 2), 306 North Ave.,
122. (Tottori) Pasadena If.
Okada, Sligerui, (Philos. 2), 202 N. San Pedro St.
Long Bleach i-l.
Tanaka, SliZOl01. Occidental College.
l'acific Sch<ool of Religion (Berkeley) 2
Kato, Sumzu mosuuke. (1'heol. 2), Ihwx 59, BIerkeley.
'rTgaslila, ('luiyokichi John, ('lu'eol. 4), Box 59,
11erkeley. IU. of Calif.
P'asadena University (Pasadena) 4
D)oi, Shigeldi, (Eng. Bit. 4), Pasadena Uliversity.
(ouatnuiaoto) Pacific Inst.
Nagata, Shigeru, (EngI. 4), 1900 N. 1ill Ave.
(Kochi) Alamedh lI.
Saiki, Osamu, (Educ. 4), 1680 Inskip St. (Kyoto)
D)oshisha U.
Shinmizu, Kentaro, (Greek Lit., Gr.), 293 Kensingt on Place.
, Pomona College (Clarcmont) 4
Endo, Fraucis Kiei, (Philos. 4), c/o Pres. J. A.
Blaisdell. (Fukushiima) Fukushibna M.
Miura, Harold Ungoro, (Chem. 3), Pomona Cel
lege. (Miyagi) Miyalgi First M.
Takiyama, Tokuzo, (Eng. Lit. (r.), 808 C(oluitnbia
Ave. (Osaka) Doshisha U.
Yokoe, Jutaro, (hflos. 4), P'. 0. Box 383. (Toyamra) San I)iego 11.
San Francisco National Training School
(San Francisco) I
Tan, Miss Margaret Shizuko, (Rel. Ed. 4), Nation(Sanla Cruz) Santa
al Training School.
C'rnz
1:[.
F"rancisco Theological Seminary
(San Ansenino) 3
Kawamorita, Eiji, (Theo. Cr.), S. F. TTheological
San
Senlinary.
Nakajo, Koretaka, (Theol. 3), S. F'. Theological
Sepitinary. (Shizeoka) Waseda IT.
Salte, F1>red Ressen, (Theol. 4), ,'. F. Theological
Semiinary. (Aeniori), Aoyaina (,'akuihi.
State Teachers and Junior College (Fresno) 9
Furuza, Sannosuke, (Arch.), 1130 Kern St.
Iltayama, Hernia, (Edne.), Roeute A, Box 276,
Parlier.
Ihayano, Milki, (Arch.), 841 F St.
1lno, Minoru, (tom.), 738 A St.
Kandiikawva, Satorn, (AS.), 1340 Kern St.
Nakliamura, Masaru, (AS.), P. 0. Box 147, Parlier.
Snmna, Masao M. (AS.), 1340 Kern St.
Tomita, Miss Lillian, (AS.), 801 I-, St.
Watanabe, Lee, (PreM.), Route A, Box 385, Reedley.
University of California (1Berkeley) 99
A.ti, Sitigeo Josephi, ((e'm11. 4), 1255) Twenty-sixth
St., Oakkland. (U eda) (Oakl land 1I.
26
11oppu, Yoneo, (Com. 1), 1129 Pierce St., San
Francisco. (California)
Fujii, Miss Hisa M., (AS. 1), 1629 Park St., Alameda. (Oakland) Alameda ll.
Fujimoto, Ernest Minoru, (PreM. 2), 2326 Parker
St.
Fukuda, Hideo, (PreM. 1), 2375 Shattuck Ave.
Fukuhara, Seitaro, (AS. 1), 2326 Parker St.
Fiikushima, Fuknieichi, (Pharm. 1), 1409 Sutter
St., S. F.
Fukushirna, John Ishimatsu, (AS. 3), 2326 Parker
St.
Gengo, Miss Kinmi, (AS. 2), 2120 Channing Way.
Ifamai, Thomas Takato, (Com. 1), 619 Franklin
St., Oakland.
llanda, Masao, (AS. 2), 2326 Parker St.
Ilayashi, Akio, (PreM. 1), 1776 Post St., S. P.
Hayashi, Masao, (Mec. 4), 1776 Post St., S. F.
Ilironaka, Miss Shizuko, (AS'. 1), 2612 Piedmont
Ave.
Iki, Iatsuki, (Com. 2), 1430 Milvia St. (San
Francisco) Berkeley H.
Ili, Kenji, (Com. 4), 1430 Milvia St. (San Francisco) Berkeley H.
Ishimaru, Tetsuya, (Phys. 2), 4323 Clement St.,
Oakland. (California)
Ishimura, Henry Mitsumru, (Mec. 1), 2326 Parker
St.
Ishino, Mikio, (AS. 1), 2113 Durant St.
Ito, Kazushi Franlk, (Mec. 1), 1919 Addison St.
(Sacramento)
Ito, Koken George, (Arch. Gr.), 2120 Channing
Way. (Los Anigeles)
Rtoxv, Johln Mishinia, (Mec. 2), 2329 Pacific Ave.,
Alameda. (San Jose) Alameda R.
Iwai, Miss May U., (Edue. 4), 2811 Grant St.
(Yokohama) Los Angeles H.
Iwai, Miss Sei, (Econ. 2), 2811 Grant St. (Oakland) Berkeley H.
Izumi, Harry M., (Com. 2)
Kai, lianezo, (AS. 3), 3 Eton Court. (San Fran-
cisco)
Kasamnoto, Sadaichi, (PreM. 3), 1919 Francisco
St. (hlawaii)
Kawashita, Masuichi, (AS. 4), 2410 Fulton St.
(Monterey)
27
r.), 2212IGiChannioig
Kida, Yoshisahibiro, ((Chent.
Way. (Osakai) Tokyo Imiip. 1i.
Kitantira, Eritest hatsuich i, (Aicli. 8), 2208
Fulton St. ( Y:1imagre li) Mission II.
Kito, Edwin Kikuli a ro, ( Alec. 4), 1912 Telegra pi
Ave., Oaklantid. ( Saitr i ace)
Koike, Miss Alieo Shizikeo, (AS. 2), 1527 .Ioselpiii
St. (Berkeley)
Koike, Miss Mla iajia Yeoshiail, (AS. 1), 1527TJosephii St. (Blerkeley)
Maichida, Toioichi i, (AS. 2), 178:9 Eel lid Avcc.
(Hlawaii)
2217 Clhanmiig
Matsumoto, Knitmiichi, (A gr .
Way. (Berkeley)
Matsumoto, Sabrtro (IPliilos. 4), 2820i Parker St.
(Oakland)
Matsunmora, Kiyoshli, ( 'Pie1\. 4), 1021 Post, St.,
S. F. (San Fra ncisco)
Mitani, Miss 'Toshlikio, (AS. 2), 51 lDoiniigo St.
(Tokyo) Missin IIl1..
Miyake, Mitsiij iro, (Ale. 8). 2:"2( ll;arker St.
(Pasadena)
Miyanlchi, las;airi If., (1V. 1,. 2), 2:311 Foothill
Bllvd., Oak Imlo . F( (a k1la tl) reellot, 11.
Mori, Chiosalki, (AS. 2), 2120 (ChIaiiiiig Wa.iy
(F'resno)
'I 1it
Morishita, Shizito MIorris, (Law 2), 00I1I TlIr
St., Oakland. (Oakland)
S
inlile, (A\S. 1), 0Ii1 'rlelmit
Alerisliita, Ml isa
St., Oaklaltd. ((Ot1akindl)
Aleristilta, Suteini, (AS. 3), 011hTremont Si.S
Oaikland. (a p1)a ii)
Naigai, Kiyoslhi, (I em. 2), 28320 1':irke'r St. (FCul itoka) Alanieda 11.
NAagayaitia, Itavielolyd Kitiso, ((o'im. 2), 28:20 Pr:ker St. (I1tirosliiiia) Alameda l1.
Nakaicura, (Cliyekkichi 1, (AS. 8), 2120 (Chmllineg
Way. (San Franicisco)
Nakamura, Shiul3 i .1 esephlt, ((1ov. 8'), 28,32 1P':arer
St. (Chiba) Los Angeles J .
Nakashima, Shidzieo Fred, (AS. 1), 551 l'ile Sl..
S. F. (llollywood)
Nanbn, Miss M:larian Ai( hi., (AS. 1), (1'iiie
lc)
St., S. F. (San raiwisc
Ninomiya, Tainiaki, (Al(e,. 2), I,. P. 1). No. 27,
Riehimtond.
(Ierkeley)
Numata, lE+wart Yebltain, (icmii. 8), 282(
St. (Hlollywood)
28
Parker
Wm:1, Miss Izu, (I1om. Econ. 2), 2324 Pacific Ave.,
A i. melad]. (Fli:k:oka) Alameda 11.
(1d;ijinia, Yozo (AS. 3), 2410 Fulton St., S. F.
(San Francisco)
Oishi, Taro, (Mec. 2), 4020 Brookdale Ave., Oakl:tiid. (Rich mond)
Wkada, (GisidelIi eorge, (F]. E. 4), 211., Tflaale
St. (IKochi)
Osawa, (George Yakii li (C. E. 2), 719 Ashlmibry
St., S. ]F.
(Tokyo)
Osawa, Miss Ikuyo, (Iist. 2), 719 Ashiiury St.,
(Tokyo) Polytechnic II.
Otagiri, James Goro, (Corn. 2), 27 Panoramic
S. F.
WaIy.
S
(Blerkeley)
l;kal, Tetsuima, (Mec. 1), IL. F. D. 123A, Rich-
i1nlojd. (Richmond)
aliiolnil) a, Miss Miya, (PreM. 3), 2033 Pine
Sl., S. Fi'. (Oakland)
Sasaki, 1Konliiclii, (AS. 2), 55 Monitell St., OakLind.
(Oakland)
Slhimia, \Vliss F'lorence Taye, (MIis. Gr.), 2901 Collego X e. (BIerl;eley) Vassar (.
Sliilmi, Pyoliei, ((Cov. Or.), 2119 (Calmnaig Way.
(Nexvw Westminster, 11. C.)
Sli ota, Keiji, ((om. 4), 2326 Parker St. (lhaw ii)
So, ITosli lIilo, (AS. 4), 1395 Pinre St., S. F.
( imcrienllt o)
Soari ji, Jose Jtinic hi, (Coin. 2), 2806 College Ave.
(XXiik yarni,) Shingto M. ind Hollywood II.
Sligiliani Stnleby Shoic hi, (Com. 4), 1918 Francis(io St. (Hawmaii)
Sumiiida, Millird Sojiro, ((om. 4), 2326 Parker St.
(Uwvashuimma) SacranLllellto 11.
Talkta, Miss iIary Yoshiko, (Edmuc. 4), 224 ('e
nieit St., S. F. Lowell It.
Tjakatamsi, (George Ilideo, (Clime. 3), 2117 Hlaste
St. (BIerkeley) Berkeley II.
'al':al;:lm~i, 1femry Mioriya, (I'Imys. 2), 2117 Haste
St. (Berleley) Berkeley 11.
Tnmkahaslbi, I liji, (cMo. 2), 1817 Stutter Si., S. F.
(Saill IIa lliseo)
Talkeda, P1tl'l ('Cihkar-, ((Gov. 2), 2326 Parker St.
(IfiirosilmiIIa) PaIsadelnai 11.
';'l fiiji'I.' I:stIIo, ((out. 1), 2326 Parker St.
( It;aw ii)
TI'l];emiioto, Armhliuiir Maisao,, (Mec. 1). 1919 Addison
St
(Stocktoni)
29
Takemoto, Kay Katsumi, (Mec. 3), 2222 Atherton
St. (Lincoln)
Taketa, Taneo, (Gov. 4), 2326 Parker St. (San
Francisco)
Tamagawa, Naoshige, (Greek 4), 2606 Dwight
Way. (San Francisco)
Tawa, Arthur Sumie, (PreM. 1), 1114 Oak St.,
Alameda. (Okayama) Alameda H.
Terami, Takashi, (Math. Gr.), 1918 Francisco St.
(Los Angeles)
Terasawa, Miss Faith Misao, (Engl. 4), 2811
Pine St., S. F. (Osaka) Lowell H.
Togasaki, Miss Mitsuye, (Hom. Econ. 2), 2120
Channing Way. (San Francisco)
Togasaki, Susumu, (PreL. 3), 2120 Channing
Way. (San Francisco)
Togasaki, Miss Yoshiye, (AS. 2), 2120 Channing
Way. (San Francisco)
Tsukamoto, K. Joseph, (E. E. Gr.), 1918 Francisco St. (Tiburon) Polytechnic H.
Tsukamoto, Walter Takeo, (PreL. 1), 2331 Fifth
St. (Sacramento)
Uchida, Satoshi, (AS. 3), 1941 Webster St., S. F.
(San Francisco)
Uchiyama, Jiro, (AS. 1s), 2109 University Ave.
Utsumi, Kinji, (Mee. 2), 396 Forty-ninth St.,
Oakland. (Oakland) Oakland H.
Utsumi, Miss Maki, (AS. 2), 396 Forty-ninth St.,
Oakland. (Oakland) Oakland R.
Uyeda, Frank Jitsuo, (Com. 1), 2120 Channing
Way. (Watsonville)
Uyeyama, Hajime, (PreM. 2), 1501 McGee Ave.
(Berkeley)
Watamura, Miss Haru June, (Com. 1), 2609 Dana
St. (Isleton)
Yamada, Ernest Kenichi, (Com. 4), 1334 Arch St.
(Los Angeles)
Yanagisawa, Makoto, (AS. 3), 2900 Forest Ave.
(Palo Alto)
Yoshida, Harry Kisaku, (Econ. 3), 2534 Regent
St. (Tokyo) Berkeley H.
Yoshimni, Koichi, (Chem. 2), 972 Bush St., S. F.
(San Francisco)
Yoshioka, Joseph Geno, (Psych. Gr.), 400 Duboce
Ave., S. F. (San Francisco)
U. C. College of Pharmacy (San Francisco) 5
Momita.
30
Miy alnia.
Shimada.
Suzuki, Yoneo, 1580 Post St.
Suyenaga.
U. C. Dental College (San Francisco) 3
Kawamura, G. I., (Dent. 1), 378 Fifth St., Oak-
land.
Kita, H. V., (Dent. 2), 1409 Sutter St.
Morimoto, R. S., (Dent. 1), 614 Pine St.
U. C. Medical College (San Francisco) 3
Harada, Masaatsu, (Med. 3), 1698 Post St.
Sugiyama.
Yoshida.
University of California, Southern Branch
(Los Angeles) 13
Enoki, Shun Saburo, (Sp.), 939 S. San Pedro St.
Sapporo Agr. C.
Fukuda, Takuichi, (1), 923 W. 35th St.
Goto, Miss June (Art.)
Kawai, Kazuo, (Enjgl. 2), 533 N. Madison Ave.
(Tokyo) L. A. Polytechnic H.
Kitabayashi, Tom, (Com. 2), 2626 Halldale Ave.
Los Angeles H.
Kobata, James N., (PreM. 1), 1317 Carter Ave.,
Gardena.
Kojima, Miss Grace, (PreM. 2).
Miyakoda, Ray Yoshiiki, (AS.), Box 1015, Santa
Monica.
Nakayama, Shotaro Reginald, (AS.), 1800 Michel
Torena St.
Takashima, Charles H., (C. E. 1), 116 S. Benton
Way. (San Francisco) Owensmouth H.
Yahiro, Tom T., (Chem. Eng. 1), 923 W. 35th
St. (Hawaii)
Yamagata, Clarence S., (PreL. 1), Rt. 2, Box
931A, San Gabriel. (Hawaii) Hollywood H.
Yamamoto, Miss Susie, (PreM. 1)
University of Southern California
(Los Angeles) 39
Dodo, Masao, (Soc. 2), 1134 Georgia St. (Hokkaido) Tokyo First M.
Fukuda, K., 923 W. 35th St.
Hirai, J., 923 W. 35th St.
31
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179 W. Jackson Blvd.
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N. Y. K. Line
(Nippon Yusen Kaisha)
Igasaki, M., 923 W. 35th St.
Kabashima, K., 923 W. 35th St.
Kameyama, Mrs. Yayoi, (AS. 3), 677 S. Berendo
St. (Yamaguchi) Kobe C. and Los Angeles H.
Kasai, Fusao, (Chem. 4), 726 East 9th St.
(Miye) Kanazawa Med. S. and Pasadena H.
Kawasaki, Miss Shizuko, (Educ. 2), 1451/2 S. Dacotah St. (Hawaii)
Kawatsn, Miss Haruko, (AS.), 901 Bank St.,
South Pasadena.
Kimoto, T., 923 W. 35th St.
Kurihara, S., 923 W. 35th St.
Kusumoto, Walter Shigeo, (Pharm. 3), 343 East
First St. (Kumamoto), Kumamoto M. and Los
Angeles H.
Minamide, Y., 923 W. 35th St.
Mitsugi, Takita, (Soc. Sp.), 1423 Cahuenga St.,
Hollywood. (Oita) Oita Normal S.
Mukaye, Miss Marion, (Soc. 1), 337 Winston St.
(California) Jefferson H.
Nakawatase, Henry Kiyoshi, (Med. 2), 118 N.
San Pedro St. (Kagoshima) Kagoshima M. and
Pasadena H.
Oyama, Hideo, (AS. 4), 923 W. 35th St.
Sakuda, F., 923 W. 35th St.
Sakuda, Kesanosuke, (PreM. 1), 936 Wall St.
(Fukushima) Fukushima M. and L. A. Polytechnic Hi.
Sashihara, Tozaburo, (Soc. 3), 936 Wall St.
(Oita) Los Angeles H.
Sato, Etsuo, (C. E. 4), 923 W. 35th St. (Hawaii)
McKinley H.
Sato, Miss Lillian Tomiye, (AS. 3), 2619 Gleason
Ave. (California) L. A. Polytechnic H.
Shiki, J., 923 W. 35th St.
Shishima, D., 923 W. 35th St.
Suski, Miss Julia, (AS. 2), 310 N. Hewitt St.
(California) Los Angeles H.
Susukita, Shigehiko, (Econ. Gr.), 310 N. Hewitt
St. Doshisha U.
Tadakuma, Miss Chika, (Soc. 4), 804 Central
Ave. (Formosa) Lincoln If.
Takeuchi, D., 923 W. 35th St.
Takita, Mitsugi, (Soc. Sjr.), 1423 Cahuenga Ave.,
Hollywood. (Oita) Oita Normal S.
Tanaka, K., 923 W. 35th St.
33
Taoi, Miss, (AS.), 236T W. 22nd St.
Teragawn, T., 923 W. 35tlx St.
Toyarna, Chotoku, (Soc. 4), 614 E. First St.
(Hokkaido) Nichiren SecI. C.
Tsuboi, S., 923 W. 35th Sl.
Yahiro, J. M., 923 W. 35th St.
Yarnane, Mrs., (AS'. 2), 936 Wall St.
Yo5shida, K., 923 W. 35th St.
Yoshiktiwa, T., 923 W. '3,5th St.
Whittier College (WViittier) 2
-lirohata, Tsmnegoro, (Feon. 2), 116 Starnford
W'ay. (Fruktoka) Osaka Corti. S.
Iwai, Arthnr (AS. 1), Wlhitt ier College. (California0) lerkeloy HI.
C()LOIiA 1O)
University of Colorado (l1oklderl) I
Tainanala, Thom'as R., (M. IE. 3), University of
Colora(lo. Mills H1.
University of Denver (Denver) G
Arai, Sadao 1)., (Philos. 3), 2.01 Curtis St.
(Nagano) Meiji U. and Denver 11.
Horiiuchi, Tomosada, (Math. 4), 1926 Larimer
St. (Yanianashi)
Kanda, Kotaro, ("ov. Gr.), 2026 Larimer St.
(Wak:iyzina) Meiji U.
Kimnura, Shohei, (. 1), 912 Market St.
Miyaklmhi, Mikio, (....), 1942 Market St.
Okimoto, Isaji, (Law 1), 1943 L-arimer St. (Hawaii) Soulth Deuiver 11.
CONNECTICUT
Connecticut Wesleyan University (Middletown) 2
Yamagata, Tatsuo, (EngI. 4), 3-0. H., Wesleyan
University. (Tokyo) Tokyo Foreign Language
S.
Yarnagulchi, Makaito, (Sei. 1), 7-0. IT., Wesleyan
University. (('hicago)
Hartford School of Religious Pedagogy
(Hartford) 1
Yokota, David Fisaburo, (Rel. lId. 3), 155 Broad
St. (Okayania) Kwanisei (akiuin and Emory U.
31
Hartford Theological Seminary (Hartford) 1
Iwakami, Saisuke, (Theol. 3), Hartford Theological Seminary. (Ibaraki)
Yale University (New Haven) 4
Inooye, Takeo, (Physiol. Or.), 137 Mansfield St.
(Shizuoka) Tokyo Imip. U.
Okano, Kiyohide, (Soc. & Poli. Sci. Or.), 299
Townsend Ave. Tokyo Imp. U.
Okumura, Puyuki, (Law 3), 1426 Yale Station.
(Hawaii) Renahou Ac.
Yamada, Eikichi, (Soc. Sci. 3), 1222 Yale Station.
(Miyagi) Senshu U.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Gallaudet College (Washington) 1
Ukai, Miss Kikue, (AS. 1), Gallaudet College.
(California)
GEORGIA
Emory University (Emory University) 3
Akamatsu, George Taro, (Med. 1), P. 0. Box 234.
(Hiroshima) Hiroshima M. and Courtland Union
HI., Calif.
Kimura, Hoitsu, (Theo. Or.), c/o Rev. Raymond
Browning, Hendersonville, N. C. (Yamaguchi)
1Kwansei Gakuin and Emory U.
Matsuda, Akemiro, (Theol. 1), Emory University.
(Ehime) Kwansei Gakuin.
Georgia School of Technology (Atlanta) 1
Seki, Snekichi, (Arch. 2), 285 Ponce de Leon
Ave. (Tokyo)
HAWAII
University of Hawaii (Honolulu) 130
Abe, Miss Mi suko, (Ed. 3), 2336 Liloa Rise.
(Hawaii)
Aki, Alfred, (Gen. Sci. 1), 909 Kealone Lane.
(Hawaii)
Amana, Miss Bessie, (Sp.), 1757 Fort St. (Hawaii)
Betsui, Takeji, (PreM. 1), P. 0. Box 894 (Hawaii)
Fuginaga, Satoshi, (C. E. 1), 118 So. Vineyard
St. (Hawaii)
35
Fujino, Miss Ellen Yanagi, (Ed. 2), 1234 Emma
Lane.
tioto, Kenji, (C(om. 1), 2105 Beretania St.
(Hawaii)
Goto, Yasuo, Baron, (PreM. 4), 2165 So. Beretania St. (Hawaii)
H1amamoto, Masakatsu, (Sci. 1), 656 No. School St.
(Hlawaii)
Hara, Iwao, (AS. 2), 411 No. King Sl. (HaNaii)
ilarada, Shizuo, (Corn. 3), 1233 Elm St.
Hasegawa, Yoshio, (PreM. 1), 202 Perry St.
(Hawaii)
Hayashi, Chisato, (AS. 3), 610 So. King St,
(Hawaii)
Hayashi, Mori, (PreM. 1), 764 South St.
linio, Shunima, (Com. 1), P. 0. Box 71265. (Hawaii)
Hirano, Kazuichi, (AS. 4), 1239 King St. (Hawaii)
Hlirano, Miss Uimeyo, (AS. 3), 1013 Peterson St.
Hirashima, Kazfio Bert, (C. E. 4), 320-13 Frog
Lane.
Hironaka, Sunao, (AS. 1), 2044 Clement St.
Ikuta, Shunji, (PreM. 4), l1522 Oliver Lane.
Imai, IKoichi, (Com. 2), 437 School St.
Ishikaw^a, Yasno, (Chem. 2), 131 So. Vineyard
St. (Hawaii)
Isonaka, Masao, (PreD. 1), Hongawanji Mission,
Fort St. (Hawaii)
Twanaga, Tsuyoshi, (PreM. 2), 66 Laimi Road.
Iwal, Charles Kazuo, (C. E. 1), Manoa Japanese
School. Upper Manos.
Iwao, Fukumi, (C. E. 1), Waipahu, Gain.
Iwasaki, Ernest Kenji, (AS. 1), 1220 Pensacola
St. (Hawaii)
Iwasaki, Hisao, (PreM. 1), 1571 Auld Lane.
Iwasaki, Koji, (Agri. 4), Ilongwanji Mission
(Hawaii)
Iwasaki, Miss Miyano, (Sp.), 230 School Street.
Iwata, Henry Yoshikazu, (Com. 1), 2019 Kealoha
St., Kalihi.
Kanayama, Uichi, (Com. 2), South and Second
Sts.
Kamiine, Minoru (PreD. 1), P. 0. Box 1384.
(Hawaii)
Karimoto, Clarence Keizo, (Corn. 1), 522 So. Hotel St.
Katagiri, Masafoshi, (Corn. 2), 747 So. King St.
(Hawaii)
36
K,~ataoka, Thomas Sadaichi, (Com. 1), 1239 Kinau
St.
].atsuli, Sadao, (PreM. 2), 1326 Keeaumoku St.
Kaitsuki, Ichio, (PreM. 3), 1326 Keeaumoku St.
Katsunuma, Joseph, (AS. 1), 2304 Metcalf St.
Kawabe, Arthur Akira, (PreM. 1), Nuuanu Y.M.
C.A. (Hawaii)
XaNvachi, Kensuke, (AS. 3), 610 So. King St.
(Hawaii)
Kawahara, Kazuto, (Eng. 4), 626 King St.
(Hawaii)
Kawamura, Horace Masayoshi, (AS. 1), 69 Smith
Lane.
Keiki, Louis, (PreM. 1), P. 0. Box 2068. (Hawaii)
Kishida, Takeo, (AS. 1), 25 Hotel St.
Kobatake, Akeshi, (C. E. 3), P. 0. Box 936.
(Hawaii)
Kodama, George Haruto, (PreM. 1), 1828 Republican St.
Koike, Tauneo, (C. E. 2), 2225 Hyde St. (H{awaii)
Kono, Miss Ayako, (Ed. 3), P. 0. Box 877.
(Hawaii)
Kunikiyo, Toworu, (Com. 2), 1111 Port St.
(Hawaii)
Kunimoto, Takeo, (AS. 3), c/o Honolulu Pharmacy. (Hawaii)
Kuribayashi, Herbert Seichi, (Com. 2), 63 Chaplain Lane. (Hawaii)
Nurio, Howard Hisayuki, (C. E. 1), 1220 Pensacola St. (Hawaii)
Making, Kazumi, (C. E. 2), 134 So. Vineyard St.
(Halaii)
Mashiimo, Miss Ruth Sadako, (AS. 4), 1252 Young
St.
Eichi, (AS. 1), 1708 Nuuanu St.
(Hawaii)
Matsubayashi, Seisho, (Com. 1), 1220 Pensacola
St. (Hawaii)
Mtisunaga,
Matsuguma, Shigi, (Sp.), 1311 Aukl Lane.
Matsuki, Henry Y., (C. E. 4), P. 0. Box 732.
(Hawaii)
Matsurnura, Edward Shizuo, (C. E. 1), 1318 Alani
St., McInerny Tract.
Mat sumura, Miss Yoshino, (Gr.), 2459 Nuuanu
St. (Hawaii)
Miyake, Iwao, (AS. 2), 2212 So. King St.
(Hawaii)
37
Miyamoto, Miss Hannah, (Home Econ. 1), 1946
Pauca Road. (Hawaii)
Miyamoto, Kiyoslii, (Sp.), 932 Birch St.
Miyamoto, Koichi, (PreM. 2), Coral St., near
Queen.
Mori, Takeshi, (C. E. 3), Iwilei, Honolulu.
Morita, Miss Helene, (AS. 4), 1021 Kama Lane.
Morita, Jiro, (Sp.), Pallina Settlement House.
Mizuire, Shizuto, (PreM. ]), lHongwanji Mission.
(Hawaii)
Mukai, Shigerin, (C. E. 1), 1220 Pensacola St.
(Hawvaii)
Muramaru, Norikazu, (PreM. 1), 2212 So. King
St.
Nakamura, Hideo, (Agr. 2), Puulon, Onalh.
Nakamura, Takeo, (Chemn. 2), 222 Lfiliuokalani
Road, Waikiki.
Nakamnura, Takeo, (Coin. 1), 2609 So. King St.
Nakano, David ,Shuichi, (Binl. 1), 1220 Pensacola St. (Hawaii)
Nakano, John Mot ojiro, (Agr. 3), Nuuanu and
Kukui Sts.
Narainoto, Ichine, (Eng. 1), 2619 So. King St.
Nishihara, Matsuji, (Corn. 1), 318 Kalihi St.
Nishiminoto, Shinkichi, (AS'. 2), U. S. Experiment
Station. (Hawaii)
Nishimnura, Michiru, (C. E. 1), 709 King St.
Nomura, Shuji, (C. E. 1), 1239 Hala Drive.
Ochiae, Hliroshi, (AS. 1), Hlongwanji Mission.
(Hawaii)
Oda, Miss Yoshie, (Coin. 1), 2030 Pahlukuii St.
Ogaxvw, Miss Esther Aika, (ProM. 1), 1031 Kinau
St. (Hawaii)
Ohara, Yntaka, (Pre-M. 1), Pearl City, Oahu.
Ohta, Takashi, (PreM. 2), 1719 No. King St.
Okazaki, Kyiiro, (Agr. 1), 794 No. King St.
Omura, Shizao, (C. E. 4), 210-5 So. l'eretania St.
(Hawaii)
Saiki, Kazu, (PreM. 3), 1338 No. King St.
(Hawaii)
Sakai, Miss Hannah, (Ed. 4), 1968-C Ohal Lane,
Pauoa.
Sakamaki, George, (AS. 2), 610 So. King St.
(Hawaii)
Sakarmaki, Paul Fukuo, (Agr. 3), 610 So. King St.
(Hawaii)
Sakamaki, Shunzo, (AS. 1), 610 So. King St.
(Hawaii)
38
Sakamoto, Kikuji, (PreM. 1), 258 No. Beretania
St.
Sakihara, Tadao, (Agr. 1), Waipahv, Oahln.
Sakabe, Miyoki, (Sp.), Pawaa Junction, King St.
Sonoda, Allen Sadao, (PreM. 2), 474 No. Kukui
St.
Suehiro, Miss Amy, (Home Econ. 1), 2329 Lower
Manoa Road.
Suzuki, Taro, (Com. 1), 1582-Q Philip St.
Shiramizu, Harry Shigeru, (AS. I), Japanese
Boarding House, Honolulu.
Suga, Hajime, (C. E. 3), c/o Hirata Store, Moiliili.
(Hawaii)
Takakawa, Sadao, (Agr. 2), 1025 Kama Lane,
Palamta.
Takata, Harry, (PreM. 1), 1036 Aala St. (Hawaii)
Tani, Edward M., (C. E. 2), Nuuanu Y.M.C.A.
(Hawaii)
Tani, Ernest M., (C. E. 3), 22 So. Vineyard St.
(Hawaii)
Tanimura, John Masato, (C. E. 3), 1968-C Ohia
Lane, Pauoa. (Hawaii)
Tashima, Charles Wakatsu, (C. E. 1), Hongwanji
Mission, Fort St. (Hawaii)
Tashiro, Stewart Toshichiro, (AS. 1), 19 Bishop
Lane.
Teragawa, Hiroji, (PreM. 1), 636 Hotel St.
(Hawaii)
Toi, Kenso, (Sp.), 1039 Pua Lane. (Hiroshima)
Tokimasa, Hidemichi, (Agr. 2), 610 So. King St.
(Hawaii)
(AS. 1), 2478 Kuhio and
Kealohilani, Waikiki.
Tomita, Shunzo, (PreM. 2), 25 Halelena St.
Tokioka, Masayuki,
(Hawaii)
Tsugawa, Seichi, (Com. 2), 1660 Beretania St.
(Hawaii)
Tsuji, Keizo, (AS. 3), 1921 Kalia Road.
Tsuchiya, Shizuo, (PreM. 1), 160 No. Vineyard
St.
Uchiyamia, Hoichiro, (PreM. 2), Pearl City, Oahu.
Watanabe, James Kazu, (Agr. 1), 1239 So. King
St.
Yamaguchi, Shichiro, (Com. 3), 2728 So. King St.
Yamamoto, Clifton H., (Sp.), 475-E Kuakini St.
Yamamoto, James K., (Sp.), 1943 Fort St.
Yamamoto, Shigeki, (PreM. 1), McGrew Lane,
School St. (Hawaii)
39
-The FOSDICK books
Dr. Harry Emerson Fosdick has been
of inestimable help to countless people
in their religious thought and Christian
living. Over a million of these books
have sold:
Twelve Tests
of Character
Dr. Fosdick's latest book discusses the
elements of sturdy Christian character.
"You may not agree with everything in
this little book, but you will search a
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the very best of himiself."-Monthly
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(,'oth, 1.50
The Other Fosdick Books
The Meaning of Faith
The Meaning of Prayer
The Meaning of Service
Assurance of Immortality
Manhood of the Master
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are always popular.
Association Press 8K;KSWTHs
M c.A.
PURPOSE
Pub .ept.1.t-.Cumm.Y
347 Madison Avenue
New York
N
Yarnannoto, Shigeo, (ProM. 2), 1445 So. King St.
Yarnamoto, Takeo, (Ed. 3), 1444 Nuuanu St.
Yaianaka, Toshio, (C. E. 3), c/o Hayama Hawaii.an Drug Co., Honolulu.
Yarnane, Eiji, (Com. 2), 3244 Hobron Ave.
Yamashiro, Masarni, (Corn. 3), 206 No. Beretania
St.
Yamashita, Minoru, (Com. 2), P. 0. Box 1286.
(Hawaii)
Yamashita, Takeo, (Biol. 1), Japanese Boarding
School, Honolulu.
Yauagihara, Masaichi, (Com. 4), 1467 So. King
St.
ILLINOIS
Chicago College of Dental ISurgery (Chicago) 6
Kaneko, Isami, (Dent. 2), 1634 Park Ave.
(Hawaii)
Kauna, Haruto, (Dent. 2), 703 S. Ashland.
(II aw ali)
Jioyarna, Chikayoshi, (Dent. 3), 747 E. 36th St.
(Tokyo) Tokyo Dent. C.
Kidani, Masao, (Dent. 2), 1749 W. Monroe St.
(Hawaii)
Kurosawa, Sataro, (Dent. 3), 747 E. 36th St.
(Akita) Tokyo Dent. C.
Yoshida, Shoichi, (I)ent. 2), 168 W. Van Buren
St. (llwxvaii)
Chicago Technical School (Chicago) 1
Miyasaki, Henry H., (Arch. Eng. 4), 3551 Ellis
Ave. (Hiroshiina) Seishin M. and Polytechnic
C.
Knox College (Galesburg) 1
Kasnyama, S. Gerald, (1iol. 3), 1592
St. (Okayarna)
N. Broad
Lake Forest University (Lake Forest) 1
Takei, Tomonori, (Econ. 4), Blackstone Hall.
(Yarnanashi) Waseda U. and Heald's Business
C.
McCormick Theological Seminary (Chicago) 2
Abiko, Kyuya, (Theol. 2), 2330 N. Halstead St.
(Yamnagata)
Taieoka, Tsuyoshi, (Theol. 3), 2330 N. Halstead
St. (Akita) Tohoku Gakuin.
41
Moody Bible Institute (Chicago) 1
Yamamnoto, T., (Bible), 153 Institute Place.
Monmouth College (Monmouth) 1
Ikemi, Toshio, (AS. 4), Monmouth College. (Fukuoka) Fukuoka Normal.
Northwestern College (Naperville) 1
Miyagi, Miss Fumi, (Engl. 4), Bolton Hall, Naperville.
Northwestern University (Evanston) 4
Itano, Jotaro, (Com. 3), 5481 Dorchester Ave.,
Chicago.
Kudo, Eitatsu, (Rel. Gr.), 203 Hinman House.
Murata, Shigeo, (Com. 4), 826 Hamlin St. (Tokyo) Kwansei Gakuin.
Otajima, Suyeyoshi, (Soc. Sp.), 660 Irving Park
Blvd., Chicago.
Northwestern University Medical College
(Chicago) 2
Kanai, Paul Hideichi, (Med. 1), 4165 Ellis Ave.
(Hawaii) U. of Chicago.
Yoshida, Shigeya, (Med. Gr.), Northwestern University Medical College.
University of Chicago (Chicago) 37
Hashimnoto, Miss M., 3831 Dorchester Ave.
Ichimura, Kesazo, (Soc. Gr.), 5311 Blackstone
Ave. (Nagano) Waseda U.
Ishio, Masabumi, 3849 Ellis Ave. Tokyo Imp. U.
Iwaamoto, Sanzo, 3551 Ellis Ave.
Jo, Miss Fumi, (Soc. 4), Green Hall, University
of Chicago. (Yokohama) Yokohama Eiwa Girls'
H.
Jo, Kiichi, Snell Hall.
Kasuyama, Shigeru, 6029 Ellis Ave.
Kato, Masuo, (Soc. Gr.), 5455 Kenwood Ave.
Kawamura, Tadao, (Soc. Gr.), 5757 University
Ave. (Yamaguchi) Doshisha U.
Kodama, Haboku, (Philos. 4), 747 E. 36th St.
(Ehime) Tokyo Foreign Language S.
Kuroda, Osamu, (Med. Gr.), 5624 Ellis Ave. (Toyama) Kanazawa Med. C.
42
Mochizuki, Miss.
Mogi, Miss K., 6210 Dorchester Ave.
Murakami, Robert K., (Law 3), 4820 Dorchester
Ave. (Hawaii) Territorial Normal and Crane
Junior C.
Nakamura, Isami, (Int. Law 4), 747 E. 36th St.
(Yokosuka) Meiji U.
Nishimoto, 6019 N. Kenwood Ave.
Niwa, Iwao, (Theol.), 5757 University Ave. (Tokyo) Doshisha U.
Ohashi, Miss H., 1412 E. 57th St.
Oshima, Rinzo, 4929 Lake Park Ave.
Ota, 5490 Blackstone Ave.
Otomo, Shigeru, (Educ. Gr.), 5455 Kenwood Ave.
(Nara)
Sawano, Ryoichi, (Theol. Gr.), 46 M. D. Hall,
University of Chicago. (Hokkaido) Tokyo Gakuin and Rochester Theol. Sem.
Shibata.
Shigematsu.
Shimanuki, Nobuo, (Soc. Sp.), 747 U. 36th St.
(Tokyo) St. Paul's U.
Shimizu, Shun, (Law Gr.), 747 E. 36th St. (To-
kyo) Waseda U. and Butler C.
Taizumi, Yasuoki, (Theol. Gr.), 47 M. D. Hall.
University of Chicago. (Tokyo) Tokyo Shingakusha and Oberlin C.
Takahashi, James Takeichi, (Philos. Gr.), 747 E.
36th St. (Wakayama) Normal S., Northwestern U., and Lake Forest U.
Takaki, Herbert, 3551 Ellis Ave. (Hawaii)
Takei, Kiyoshi, (Econ. Gr.), 747 E. 36th St.
(Miyazaki) Waseda U.
Takenaka, Katsuo, (Theol. Gr.), 89 M. D. Hall,
University of Chicago. (Kyoto) Doshisha U.
and Rochester Theol. Sem.
Tsuda, Takamasa, (Pathol.), Department of Pathology.
Tsukamoto, Koshichi, (Bot.), Madison Park Hotel. (Shiga)
Tsukiyama, Wilfred C., 6149 Kimbark Ave.
(Hawaii)
Watanabe, Ichiro, (Pol. Econ. Gr.), 747 E. 36th
St. (Tokyo) Keio U.
Wagazuma, Sakae, (Law Gr.), 1166 E. 57th St.
Tokyo Imp. U.
Yuri, Etsuo, (Bact.), 747 E. 36th St. (Hyogo)
Kanazawa Med. C.
43
University of Illinois (Champaign-Urbana) 6
Banno, Takayoshi, (Ming. Gr.), 509 W. California St., Urbana. (Shizuoka) Waseda U.
Domoto, Toichi, (Flor. 3), 706 W. Pennsylvania
St., Urbana. (Oakland) Fremontt 11.
Masnda, Reisuke, ((Chem. Gr.), 403 N. Harvey
St., Urbana. (Iliroshima) Meiji Tech. C.
Matsuno, Masashi A., (C. E. 4), 1110 W. Clark
St., Urbana. (Miyagi) Sendai Higher Tech. S.
Okada, Haruto B., (Med. 3), Medical School,
Congress and Honore Sts., Chicago. (Hawaii)
Urbana H.
Uyei, Nao, (Chem. Gr.), P. 0. Box 157, University Station, Urbana. (Miye) Miye Agr. S.,
Oregon Agr. C., and U. of Iowa.
Y. M. C. A. College (Chicago) 2
Araki, Naonori, (Physical Cult.), 5315 Drexel
Ave. (Nagasaki) Aoyama Gakuin.
Fujisawa, Mutsuo,, (Sec. ]), 5315 D)rexel Ave.
(Oita) Theol. Sem.
INDIANA
Butler College (Indianapolis) 1
Nakaral, Togo W., (Sp.), College of Missions,
Butler College. (Kokugakuin)
De Pauw University (Greencastle) 1
Fujiwara, Kenzo, (Soc. Econ. 2), 626 Easist Seminary St. (Tokyo) Aoyama CGaklin Ac.
Earlham College (Richniond) 1
Furuhashi, Shinzaburo, (Rel. Ed. 1), Earlham
College. (Tokyo) Tolhoku Inip. U.
Indiana Dental College (Indianapolis) 1
Maesaka, Howard K., (Dent. 2), 19 E. St. Joseph.
(Hawaii) Valparaiso Univ. Il.
Indiana University (Bloomington) 1
Shioji, Yoshitaka, (Com. 4), 315 N. Washington
St. Kwansei Gakuin.
Taylor University (Up land) 4
Kobayashi, Miss Shigeru, (Mims. 4), Box 334, Taylor University. (Tokyo) Tokyo Womneni's Christina C.
44
Ogawa, Shigetomi, (Soc. Sci. 4), Taylor University. (Saitama) Tokyo Imp. U. Agr. C.
Nakamichi, Tetsuo, (Soc. Sci.), Taylor University. (Hiroshima) Waseda U.
Takechi, Otoshige, (Ed.), Taylor University.
(IKochi) Iliroshima Normal.
WVabash College (Crawfordville) 1
Nishidai, Juzo, (Econ.), 15 Mills Place. (Shizuoka)
IOWA
Cornell College (Mt. Vernon) 4
Fiijita, Kozo, (Gov. 4), c/o Rev. H. Williams.
(Iamakura) Shiba M.
Fukamizu, Masatomi, (AS. 2), Cornell College.
Namadzue, Hiroshi, (AS. 1), Cornell College.
Yamashiro, Matsuzo, (AS.), Cornell College.
Iowa State College (Ames) 1
Notaini, Sadamu, (Agr. 1), 2908 Woodman Ave.
Simpson College (Indianola) 1
Iwasaki, Miss Yasu, (Biol. 3), 703 W. Ashland.
(Shizuoka) Namazu Girls' H.
Tabor College (Tabor) 2
Matsuda, Michilaro, (Psych. & Engl. 4), Box 314.
(IKyoto) Kwansei Gakuin.
Ninomliya, June B., (Engl. 4), Box 314. (Tokyo)
Meiji Gakuin.
University of Iowa (Iowa City) 6
Kubo, August Mamoru, (Dent. 3), 8 W. Prentiss
St. (Hawaii)
Niiya, Kohei, (Dent. 4), 419 S'. Capitol St.
(Ilyogo) Surmato M. and U. of Iowa.
Mihara, Gabriel Hitoshi, (Law 3), 418 Governor
St. (Hawaii) Brown U.
Shimamura, Albert, (Dent. 2), Box 79. (Hawaii)
Lincoln iH.
Shinkawa, 'tsuneichi, (Med. 2), 22 N. Gilbert St.
(Hawaii) Mills H.
Uyeno, Dwight H., (Dent. 2), 32 W. Jefferson St.
(Hawaii)
45
KANSAS
Baker University (Baldwin City) 1
Sudzuki, James Ryosal, (Chem. 2), Baker Univer-
sity. (Chiba)
Ottawa University (Ottawa) 1
Shimamura, Miss Yama, (Soc. 3), Charlton College. (Kamakura) Yokohama Soshin Girls' H.
University of Kansas (Lawrence) 2
Matsuoka, Thomas Koshiro, (P. A. 2), 1653 Indiana St. (Japan)
Tagawa, Bunji, (Philos. 2), 1653 Indiana St.
(Tokyo) Tokyo Fuzoku M.
KENTUCKY
Asbury College (Wilmore) 2
Aita, Kisuke, (Theol. 3), Asbury College. (Yonezawa) Bible S.
Tsuchiya, Kenichi, (Philos. 2), Asbury College.
(Nagano)
Centre College (Danville) 1
Miyahara, Taijiro, (Econ. 1), P. 0. Box 298, Danville. (Hawaii) McKinley H.
Southern Baptist Theological )Seminary
(Louisville) 3
Akimoto, John Yuichiro, (Soc. Gr.), 118 New
York Hall. (Hiroshima) Waseda U.
Kondo, Kikujiro C., (Soc. Gr.), 249 New York
Hall. (Iyo) Saijo M.
Yuya, Kiyoshi, (Theol. Gr.), 118 New York Hall.
(Kumamoto) Tokyo Gakuin.
University of Louisvalle (Louisville) 2
Akimoto, John Yuichiro, (Soc. Gr.), 118 New
York Hall. (Hiroshima) Waseda U.
Fujimori, Toyowa, (Econ. 3), 2630 Montgomery
St. (Shimoosa) Aoyama Gakuin and Harper C.
LOUISIANA
Tulare University (New Orleans) 1
Naikablra, Tomiichi, (Dent.), 1551 Canal St.
46
MAINE
Bates College (Lewiston) 4
Iriouye, Fujio, (Econ. 3), 19 Roger Williams Hall.
(Tokyo) Nippon M. and Queen Ann H1.
Matsuinaga, Iwao, (Phys. 2), Bates College. (Tokyo) Bound Brook, N. J.
Matsushita, Henry Sakae, (AS. 4), Bates College.
Waseda U.
Nagakuira, Kohel, (AS. 3), Bates College.
Bowdoin College (Brunswick) 1
Okada, Fumio, (Mec. 1), 2320 Maine St. (Tokyo)
Peer's S.
University of Maine (Orono) 1
Nakane, Shigeo, (Chem. Gr.), 309 Oak Hall.
(Sendai) Aoyama Gakuin, Bowdoin C. and U.
of Chicago.
MARYLAND
Goucher College (Baltimore) 2
Matsuo, Miss Kyo, (Soc. Sci. 4), Box 259, Goucher
College. (Yamato( Heian Girls' H. and Gunster Hallt.
Motoda, Miss Mitsu, (Philos. 2), Box 259, Goucher
College. (Tokyp) Tsuda Engl. C. and Dana
Hall.
Hood College (Frederick) 1
Ono, Mrs. Tamaye, (Hom. Econ.), Hood College.
(Sendai) Mlyagi Girls' H. and Japan Women's
C.
Johns Hopkins University (Baltimore) 2
Ohga, Dr. Ichiro, (Physiol. Gr.), 2221 Barclay
St. (Okayama) Tokyo Imp. U.
Tanaka, Dr. M., (Med.), Haycyon Park Blvd.
Western Maryland College (Westminster) 1
Takemura, Miss Yuri, (4), Western Maryland
College. (Yokohama)
MASSACHUSETTS
Amherst College (Amherst) 3
Domoto, Takaji, (1 Agr.), Amherst College.
ifornia)
47
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Malstutani, Hideo, (4), Amherst College.
Yamaguchi, Toshihiko, (AS. 2), 206 Pratt Memorial Dormitory. (Tokyo) Tokyo Fourth M. and
Dean Ac.
Boston University (Boston) 5
Issac, (nel. Ed. Gr.), 9 Willow St.
(Tokyo) Kwansei Gakuin and Emory U.
Kose, Gunji, (Bus. Adm.), 9 Willow St.
Kitljima, Miss Tsuya, (lRel. Ed.), 35 Temple St.
Mori, Kenzoh, (3 Adv.), 1 Durham St. (Osaka)
Cushing Ac.
Watanabe, Sozaburo, (Theol. 2), 72 Mt. Vernon
St. (Shizuoka) Aoyama Gakuin.
Inouye,
Clark University (Worcester) 5
Harada, Taichi, (Chem. Gr.), Clark University.
(Fuklushima) Kyoto Higher Tech., Columbia U.,
and Yale U.
llasegawa, 1{ametaro, (Ed. Gr.), Clark University. (Toyaaia) Hiroshima Normal.
Maeshima, Yutaka, (Soc. Cr.), 57 Hollywood St.
(Sendai) Aoyama Gakuin and Harvard U.
Miyamoto, Katsuhei, (Chem. 4), Clark University.
(Nagasaki) Mt. Hermon S.
Nuki, Denmatsu; (Soc. Gr.), Clark University.
(Ilokkaido) Senshu U. and Boston U.
Harvard University (Cambridge) 25
Dover St.
(Yamanashi) Dobunshoin and Purdue U.
lHattori, Rai, (E. E. 4), 1619 Massachusetts Ave.
(Ilyogo) Toyooka M. and Knox College.
IHayami, Kotaro, (Bus. Adm. Gr.), 361 Mt. Auburn St. (Osaka) Keio U.
Iwamoto, Masahito Laxvrence, (Econ. Gr.), 33
Mason St., West Somerville. (Tokyo) Waseda
Fujihara, Tadayoshi, (Metall. Gr.), 12
U.
Kamii, Yoshio, (Bus. Adm. Gr.), Phillips Brooks
lfouse. (Nara) Kwausei Gakuiin and U. of So.
Calif.
Kilasawa, Sukeo, (Gov. Or.), 63 lDana St. (Nagano) Los Angeles If. and U. of Calif.
Kuriyama, Chojiro, (Econ. Gr.), 60 Gorham St.
(Tokyo) U. of Utah.
Matsumoto, Kametaro, (Bus. Adm. Gr.), 31 Roseland St. (Tokyo) Keio U.
49
Matsushita, Sotaro, (Gov. Gr.), 1449 Washington
St., Boston. (Kyoto) Redlands H. and U. of
Calif.
Miyakawa, June R., (Gov. 2), 21 Trowbridge St.
Sacramento H. and U. of Calif.
Mizuno, Kyosuke, (Engl. Sp.), 1ll Humboldt St.
(Nagasaki) Naval C.
Mogi, Tomokazu, (Bus. Adm. Gr.), 65 Mt. Auburn St. (Tokyo) Tokyo Com. C.
Murozumi, Kumazo, (Eng. Gr.), 11 Humboldt St.
(Fukuoka) Tokyo Imp. U.
Nakakawaji, Teiji, (Econ. Or.), 61 Islington Road,
Auburndale. (Kagoshinia) Tokyo Imp. U.
Nomrura, (....), 52 Oxford St.
Ohashi, T., (Sp.), 360 Harvard St.
Okuda, Iku, (Econ. Gr.), "Maplehurst," Westminster Ave., Arlington Heights. (Aichi) Hokkaido Imp. U.
Suzuki, Kakutato, (Econ. 2), 12 Dunstable Road.
(Gifu) Tokyo Imp. U.
Takahisa, Takao, (Bus. Adm.), 63 Pleasant St.,
Newton Centre. (Tokyo) Tokyo Imp. U.
Takayama, Hisao, (Bus. Adm. Gr.), Phillips
Brooks House. (Fulkuoka) Nagasaki. ('om. C.
and U. of So. Calif.
Tanikawa, George Noboru, (Gov. Gr.), 18 Conant
Hall (Hiroshima) Hiroshima M., Sacramento
H., and U. of Ill.
Tsuchiya, Motoi, (Dent. 4), Harvard Dental College, Boston. (Tokyo) Ilebron Ac.
Wada, Yoshio, (Engl. Sp.), 10 Mellon St. (Tokyo)
Williams C.
Watanabe, Shigezo, (E. E. 4), 506 Craigie Hall,
Cambridge. (Tokyo) Keio U.
Yamamoto, Issei, (Astr. Gr.), Department of Astronomy, Cambridge. Kyoto Imp. U.
Lowell Textile School (Lowell) 1
Kobayashi, Isami, (Sp.), 150 Pawtucket St. (Tokushima) Maiji Tech.
Jackson College (Tufts College) 1
Maeshima, Miss Kiku, (AS. 1), 8 Graves House.
(Sendai) Futaba Girls' H.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
(Cambridge) 5
Kamnetani, Masaru, (M. E. 3), 290 Massachusetts
50
Ave. (Kagawa) Takamatsu M. and U. of So.
Calif.
Kasahara, Tamio, (Min. Eng. 4), 44 Bigelow St.,
Brighton. (Kanagawa) Broadway H., Seattle.
Kubol-a, Yoshio, (M. E. Gr.), 19 Westbourne Terrace, Brookline. (Ibaraki) Naval Engineering
C.
Matsumoto, Hajime, (Cr.), 19 Westbourne Terrace, Brookline.
Koyama, Kinji, (E. E. 1), Box 106, Mass. Inst. of
Tech. (Okayama) Okayama M. and Stadium H.
Middlesex Medical College (Cambridge) 1
Nishimura, Kikugoro, (Med. 4), 15 Craigie St.
(Yamagata) China Medical C. and Mount Hermon S.
Mount Holyoke College (South Hadley) 2
Ebina, Miss Aya, (Eng. Lit. 3), Mt. Holyoke College. (Tokyo) Futsu Eiwa Girls' H. and Abbot
Ac.
Mitani, Miss Fumiko, (Sp.), Mt. Holyoke College.
(Kyoto) Tokyo Woman's Christian C.
New Church Theological School (Cambridge) 1
Doi, Yonezo, (Theol. 1), 48 Quincy St. (Wakayama) Keio U.
New England Conservatory of Music (Boston) 4
Abe, Seigi, (Comp. & Vocal), Box 161, Back Bay.
(Sendai) Tohoku Gakuin.
Koba, Miss Fujie Grace, (Vocal), Gardinel Hall,
133 Hemenway St. Commercial H., S. F.
Yamaguchi, Mrs. Ko, (Vocal), 74 Westland Ave.
Yamamoto, Miss Suzuko, (Pianoforte) Franklin
Square House, 11 E. Newton St. (Hawaii)
Central Inst.
Newton Theological Institution (Newton Centre) 2
Shiraishi, Kiyoshi, (Bible 4), Theological Institute. (Sendai) Baptist Theol. Sem. and Hartford S. of Rel. Pedagogy.
Takahira, Theological Institute.
Radcliffe College (Cambridge) 4
Inouye, Miss Shina, (Philos. 3), Trowbridge
House, 58 Linnaean St. (Kyoto) Nippon Woman's U.
51
Kitashima, Miss Mary A., (Sp. French), Whitman Hall, 90 Walker St. Nippon Woman's U.
and Fairniont S.
Nishimiya, Miss Chitose Ko, (Eng. Lit. 3), 9
Healey St. (New York), Cambridge Latin S.
Ogura, Miss Fuyu, 52 Shepherd St., Boston.
Simmons College (Iloston) 1
Saiilo, Miss Mitlori, (lPub. HeAlth), 721 1utintlington Ave. (T'okyo) Sacred Heart S. and i)ana
Hall.
Springfield College (Springfield) 1
Takeuchi, Denchi, (I'hys. E1d. 4), Springfield Col-
lege. (Ihawaii)
Tufts College (Tufts College) 1
llirao, Taro, (lVng.), 143 Powder House Blvd.,
W. Somerville.
W ellesley College (Wellesley) 7
Domoto, Miss Yuki, (Soc. 4), 103 Tower Court,
Wellesley College. (Kanazawai) Miss Fine's S.
Murayama, Miss Yone, (.... 2), Wellesley College. Tsuda's Eng. C.
Nakamura, Miss Teruko, (Chem. 2), Wellesley
College. (Tokyo) Ochanomnizu (lirls' II. and
Northfield Sem.
Seo, Miss Sumie, (AS. 1), Townsend, 17 Cottage
St. (Kyoto) Tsuda's Eog. C. and lDana Hall.
Susuki, Miss Nettie 11., (Eng. Lit. 1), Noaaett,
Wellesley. (Tokyo) Anuerican S. in Japan.
Takemoto, Miss Fumiyo, (Sp.), Noanette, Wellesley.
Yanianone, Miss Ito, 'Townsend, Wellesley.
Wheaton College (Norton) 1
Sakanishi, Miss Shio, (Engl. 3), Wheaton College.
(Ihokkaido)
Williams College (Williamstown) 1
Fujii, S1h11nji, (AS. 3), Williams College. (Tokyo)
Worcester Polytechnic Instituite (Worcester) 1
Matsuo, Kenzo, (F]. li'. 3), Worcester Polytechnic
Institute. (Tokyo)
52
MICHIGAN
College of the City of Detroit (Detroit) 1
Akashi, i)xvight T., (PreM.), 3614 Woodward Ave.
(Hiroshima) Ann Arbor H.
Hillsdale College (Hillsdale) 1
Ogawa, Raymond Michio, (PreM. 3), 215 Hillsdale St. (Hawaii) Maui H.
Kalamazoo College (Kalamazoo) 1
Soeyoshi, Hiroshi, (Chem. 2), Kalamazoo College
Dormitory. (Tokyo) Azubu M.
Michigan Agricultural College (East Lansing) 1
Matsni, Toshihide, (Dairy 3), 433 E. Grand River
Ave. (Kyoto) Tokyo Agr. C.
Olivet College (Olivet) 1
Yamamioto, Miss Tomiye, (Rel. Ed. 3), Shepherd
Hall, Olivet College. (Kochi) T4sa Girls' H.
University of Michigan (Ann Arbor) 31
Amiari, Yoshiinasa, (Eng. 4), 307 N. State St.
(Kanagawa) Kanagawa Tech.
Asali, Kikusaburo, (Eng. Gr.), 715 E. Ann St.
(Osaka) Osaka Tech. C.
l)odo, Sadaichi, (Eng. Sp.), 502 Kingsley St.
(Hawaii)
E~astlake, Miss Clara, (Eng. Gr.), 433 Maynard
St. (Tokyo) Futsu Eiwa Girls' H.
Elgi, Kanji, (Chem. Gr.), 307 N. State St. U. of
Penna.
ilakusni, Matsuzo, (Eng. Sp.), 307 N. State St.
(Osaka) Osaka Higher Tech. S.
Ilatashita, Elmer, (PreM. 3), 617 N. 4th St.
Itayaslhi, M. Katsno, (Pharm. 1), 502 Kingsley St.
Iliguchi, Toyoji, (Chem. 3), 420 Maynard St.
(Fukushima) Los Angeles H.
liaamura, Teiji, (M. E. Gr.), 604 Madison Court.
(Eukuoka)
Izuine, Seiichi, (Chem. Gr.), 1710 Geddes Ave.
(Osaka) Tokyo Imp. U.
Kagiya, Dr. Yaichiro, (Med. Gr.), 420 Maynard
St. (Gifu) Charity Hospital Med. S.
Kawaimura, Miss Yo, (Lit. 2), 1227 Washtenaw
Ave. (Formiosa) Futaba Girls' H. and Baptist
Mission S., Yokohama.
53
Kawasaki, J. Ichiro, (Arch. 1), 420 Maynard St.
(Tokyo) Kaisel M. and Berkeley H., Calif.
Kanai, Miss Fumi, (Lit. 3), Helen Newberry
House. (Tokyo) Tsuda Engl. C.
Kumazawa, Yoshiyasu, (Lit. 2), 1035 Martin Place.
(Kanagawa) Agr. S. and Oakland H., Calif.
Kuroishi, F. Kamekichi, (Chem. 3), 1830 Washtenaw Ave. (Saitama) Third M. and Huntington H., Calif.
Maeda, Francis Yutaka, (PreM. 3), 307 N. State
St. (Fukuoka) Normal S. and Mills 11., Hawaii.
Matsuyoshi, Matsuji Ernest, (PreM. 3), 307 N.
State St.
Nagai, Tamaki, (PreM. 1), 307 N. State St. (Hiroshim a)
Nakamura, Hachiya, (Chem. Gr.), 307 N. State
St.
Nakamura, Winters T., (3), 1125 Forest St.
Nishi, Paul Tsutomu, (Dent. 1), 502 Kingsley St.
(Hawaii) Anw Arbor Hl.
Ohtomo, Namio, (Bus. Adm. Gr.), 1910 Day St.
(Sendai) Los Angeles Poly. H. and U. of So.
Calif.
Sadakata, Miss Kameyo, (Med. 4), Betsy Barbour
House. (Okayama) Kwasei Girls' H. and U. of
Mich.
Sato, Miss Toki, (Lit. 2), Helen Newberry House.
(Niigata) Tokyo Woman's Christian C.
Shinbori, Ernest Toshio, (Med. 2), 507 Detroit St.
(Hawaii) McKinley H.
Shohara, Miss Hide, (Lit. 2), Betsy Barbour
House.
Sugiyama, Shuichi, (Sp. Soc.), 1426 Washington
Heights. (Shizuoka) Waseda U.
Tamura, Matsuzo, (Chem. Sp.), 502 Kingsley St.
Tsuchiqla, Yoshio, (Econ. 3), 1710 Geddes Ave.
(Kiye) Waseda U.
MINNESOTA
Hamline University (St. Paul) 1
Akinaga, Juichi, (Ed. 4), 1470 Capital Ave.
(Kumamoto) Chinzei Gakuin.
University of Minnesota (Miiineapolis) 3
Fukushima, Iwao, (Gr.), 1041 16th Ave., S. E.
54
Kameda, Tohru, (Gr.), 1112 6th St., S. E.
Mv.atsushita, Samuel M., (AS. Uncl.), 916 6th St.,
S. E.
MISSOURI
Culver-'Stockton College (Canton) 1
Ishikawa, Yanosuke, (Bible Philos.), Clark St.
Park College (Parkville) 4
Hasegawa, Shuichi, (AS. 3), Park College. (Hiroshima)
Ogino, Seizo, (Soc. 3), Park College. (Fukui)
Meiji Gakuin Sem.
Sasaki, Fukuji, (Math. 4), Park College. (Hiroshima) Park Ac.
Tagawa, Bunji, (AS. 2), Park College. (Tokyo)
St. Louis University (St. Louis) 1
Kimura, Robert A., (Med.), 3624 Folsom Ave.
University of Missouri (Columbia) 4
Awoki, Iwao, (Philos. 3), 713 Gentry Place.
(Osaka) Keio U. Prep.
Horiuchi,, Kenji, (E. E. 4), 15 Allen Place.
(Hawaii) Kanai H.
Oshimo, Katsuichi, (Soc.), 15 Allen Place.
(Hawaii)
Yamagata, Tasuke, (Econ. 4), Y.M.C.A., Columbia. (Hawaii) McKinley H.
Willian Jewell College (Liberty) 2
Chiba, Isamu, ( .... ), c/o Dr. Wayman, Liberty.
Yamamoto, Takanosuke, (Engl. & Bible 3), 112
N. Lightburne St.
Washington University (St. Louis) 3
Okami, Shigeichi, (AS.} 4949 Forest Park Blvd.
(Calif.)
Okuga, Y., (AS.), Northside Y.M.C.A. (Sapporo)
Wakabayashi, H., (AS.), Northside Y.M.C.A.
(Tokyo)
NEBRASKA
Nebraska Wesleyan University
(University Place) 1
Nakatsukasa, Masao, (Philos. 4), 223 E. 20th St.
(Yokohama) Aoyama Gakuin.
55
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18-B AKASHI-MACHI: KOBE
University of Nebrasla (Lincoln) 6
1-attori, Masayoshi Kenneth, (Econ. 1), Y.M.C.A.,
Lincoln. (Aichi) Lowell H., S. F.
Miyake, Tamejiro, (AS. 3), Y.M.C.A., Lincoln.
(Odawara)
Nakagawa, George K., (Dent. 4), 2500 Vine St.
(Hawaii) Lincoln H.
Takahara, Bernard Hidemi, (Eng. 3), c/o G. J.
Woods, 1445 E St. (Hfawaii) McKinley H.
Yamashita, Kiyohide, (Econ. 4), 1275 Station A.
(Kagoshirna) Senshu U.
Yoshimara, Kaname, (PreM. 2), c/o H. P. Huntington, 418 S. 27th St.
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Dartmouth College (Hanover) 1
Takatsu, Tomio (Engl.), 46 South Hall, Dartmouth College.
NEW 1JERSEY
Drew Theological Seminary (Madison) 2
Kitamrnrai, Kenji, (Theol. 4), Drew Theological
Seminary. (Tokyo) Aoyama Gakuin.
Miyazaki, Shigeichi, (Theol. 3), I)rew Theological
Seminary. (Hokkaido) Aoyama Gakuin.
Princeton Theological Seminary (Princeton) 6
Furuta, Cliiyokichi, (Theol. Gr.), 21 Alexander
Hall. (Hlirosh ima) McCormnick Theol. Sem.
Hanabusa, Yoshio, (Theol. Or.), 23 Brown Hall.
(Ise) Meiji Gakuin.
Inori, Kunishichi, (Theol. Gr.), 16 Alexander
Hall. (Ka goshima) Tokyo Shingakusha.
Ohkaxva, Jiiishiro, (Theol.), 66 Brown Hall. Meiji
Gakuin.
Shirai, Keikichi, (Ecel. Hist. Gr.), 36 Brown Hall.
(Niigata) Tokyo Shingakusha and McCormick
Theol. Sem.
Takahashi, Kazno, (Theol. Gr.), 21 Brown Hall.
(Osaka) Kobe Thel. Sem. and S. F. Theol.
Sem.
Princeton University (Princeton) 5
Domoto, Taki, (3), 136 Py Pyne. (California)
Oakland H.
57
Kabayama, Chuji, (AS. 1), 222 Faulke Hall.
(Tokyo) Peers' S. and Lawrenceville.
Kodera, Yuji, (Econ. 4), 332 Py Pyne. (Ogaki)
Keio U.
Mishima, Michitaka, (Econ. 4), 24 Campbell Hall.
(Tokyo) Peers' S. and Tilhon Sem.
Osawa, Yoshio, (Hist. 3), 15 Campbell Hall.
(Kyoto) Doshisha and Lawrenceville.
Rutgers College (New Brunswick) 4
Ishida, Eikichi, (Econ. 2), 55 Morrel St. (Tokyo)
Tokyo Sericult. S.
Kimura, Toshio, (Econ. 4), 231 Hamilton St.
(Tokyo) Waseda U.
Kunishima, Kokichi, (Econ. 4), Hertzog Hall.
(Tokyo) Kelo U.
Watari, Shiro, (C. E. 3), 236 Ford Hall. (Niigata)
Rutgers Prep. S.
NEW YORK
Auburn Theological Seminary (Auburn) 8
Kaku, Mathew, (Theol. 4), Morgan Hall. (Talhoku) Meiji Gakuin.
Kikkawa, Jiro, (Theol. 4), Morgan Hall. (Tokyo)
Meiji Gakuin.
Kobayashi, Kikuhichi, (Theol. 4), Morgan Hall.
(Tochiki) Meiji (lakuiin.
Murakami, Osamu.
(FukuSato, Kijiu, (Theol. 4), Morgan Hall.
shima) Tohoku Gakuin.
Hall.
(Morioka)
Sato, Yoshio, (Theol. 2), Morgan
Meiji Gakuin.
Yamamoto, Kizo, (Theol. 4), Morgan Hall. (Ise)
Meiji Gakuin.
Yoshida, Genjiro, (Theol. 4), Morgan Hall. (Ise)
Meiji Gakuin.
Biblical Seminary In
New York
(New York City) 2
Aoki, Fukuitsu, (Theol.), 60 W. 11th St.
Makado, M., (Theol.), 85 Third Ave.
College of the City of New York
(New York City) 1
Ilikita, Mataichi, (AS.), 310 W. 111th St.
58
Colgate University (Hamiltlon) 1
Watanabe, Kazutaka, (Theol. 3), Eaton Hall.
(Hokkaido) Aoyayna Gakuin.
Columbia University (New York City) 76
Aoki, Makoto, (Bus. 4), 930 Si. Nicholas Axe.
(Fukuoka) Kwansei Gakuin.
Aoki, K., 334 Fourth Ave.
Arai, Shuzo, (Educ. Gr.), Furnald Hall, Columbia
University. (Saitaama) Hiroshima Normal S.
Ariga, Tomono, (Ext.), 604 Riverside Drive.
Ashida, Katsuichiro, (Econ. Gr.), 102 W. 123rd
St. (Kyoto) Doshislha U.
Doi, Isami, (F'. A. 2), 133 W. 121st St. (hawaii)
Kauai H.
Fukumoto, Fukuzo, (Bus.), 180 Claremout Ave.
(Yaimaguchi) Tokyo Sericul. S.
Hlanada, Junichi, (Econ.), 35 Sixth Ave. (Yamaguelim) Waseda U.
Harada, Shulichi, (Econ. Gr.), Apt. 4, 841 West
End Ave. (Okayama) Kwansei Gakulin.
Hayasaki, Yashima J., (Soc. Sci.), 452 W. 144th
St. (Tokyo) St. Paul's C.
Hirai, Sakuima, (Elungl.), 512 WV. 122nd St. (Fukui)
Senshu U.
Hada, Mrs. Yae M., (Educ.), 550 Riverside Drive.
Higaishi, Miss Hana, (Ext.), 601 W. 115th St.
HIikida, Yasuichi, (Ext.), 403 W. 115th St.
HIosono, Gunji, (Gov. Gr.), 410 W. 115th St. (Tokyo) U. of So. Calif.
Ike, Chosui, (Gr.), 1226 Surf Ave., Coney Island.
Inouye, G., (Ext.), 16 Broadway.
Ito, Katsuji, (Com. Ext.), 10 E. 29th St. (Gifu)
Doshisha U.
Iw.adare, Kunio, (blauk.), 605 W. 151st St.
(T'okyo) Tokyo Imp. U.
Kajima, Miss Aimee Nao, (Nurs. Gr.), 501 W.
120th St. (Chiba) Nippon Women's U.
Kasugai, Kaoru, (Fin. Gr.), 205 W. 103rd St.
(Aichi) Meiji U.
Katsuyama, Kunimitsu, (Engl. Ext.), c/o Nosaxwa
Co., 165 Broadway. (Tokyo) Toyo-Kyokwai C.
Kato, Arthur, (Ext.), 250 WX. 57th St.
Kawashija, Ryoiclli, (Econ. G(r.), 440 Manhattan Ave. (Tokyo) Doshisha U.
Kikuchi, Seitaro, (Mus. Sp.), 618 W. 138th St.
(Tokyo) Tokyo Mus. S.
59
Kioka, Eizaburo, (Mus. Cr.), 330 E. 57th St.
(Hiroshima) Meiji Gakufin, Imp. Ac. Muis., and
Yale U.
Koba, Tsuneyoshi, (Chem. 4), 323 W. 108th St.
(Kagoshima) Military Ac. and Broadway II.
Koike, Miss Hhisako, (Mus. 1), 416 W. 122nd St.
(Tokyo) Toyo Eiwa Girls' If.
Kojima, Miss Fumi, (Ext.), 604 Riverside DArive.
Kojima, Miss Tsuneyo, (Bus.), 416 W. 118th St.
Kornoriya, Miss Tsurnyo, (('olp. Ed. Gr.), 465
Whittier Hall, 1230 Amsterdam Ave. (Tokyo)
Soshin Girls' 11. and Denison U.
Kondo, Eizo, (Coin.), 99 Claremont Ave. (Tokushima) Tokyo Com. S.
Kubota, Shozo, (Bus. Sp.), Apt. 51, 33 Arden St.
(Nagano) Toa Dobun Shoin.
Kuniyoshi, Tsunematsu, (dxt.), 140 W. 105th St.
Kurokawa, Kenjyo, (Edue. Cr.), 546 W. 124th St.
(Shimane) Ryukokn U. and U. of So. Calif.
Matsuxmoto, Javius Kamaeichi, (Bng. 1), 323 W.
108th St. (Hawaii) McKinley 11.
Matsushita, James Shin, (lEcon. Gr.), 102 W. 123rd
St. (Tokyo) Kinjo M. anid Mills 11.
Matsushita, Shutaro, (LEon. Gr.), 2033 Madison
Ave.
Mibai, Miss Sugi, (Edlulc. Gr.), 419 W. 118th St.
(Ilyogo) Kobe C. ind IJ. of Mich.
Mimura, Yoshio, (Ext.), c/o Mitsui Co., 61 Broadway.
Morishita, HIiroshi, (l(on. Gr.), 323 W. 108th St.
(Okayama) Keio tU. and Miami UJ.
Motow, Yonkivhi, (Bus.), 328 E. 57th St.
Morinmoto, Mrs. S'hiz uko, (Educ.), 370 riverside
Drive.
Nagai, Mrs. Tsuru, (Educ.), 510 W. 12-1th St.
Nagayama, Kanichi, (Ext.), Mitsui Co., 61 Broad-
way.
Nakane, Kuizo, (Engl.), Room 1207, 21 Stone St.
Namba, 'Monkichi, (Soc. Gr.), 102 W. 123rd St.
(Kyoto) Doshisha U.
Nishi, Miss lRyo, (Ext.), 448 Riverside Drive.
Noda, Kmmo, ((r.), 370 ltiver sile Drlive.
Ohwaky, Nobhji, (Ext.), 655 W. 19i0th St.
Okuyarua, G., (Ext.), 1room 501, X34 Fourth Ave.
Orilhashi, Busahuro (Ceorge, 3'0 1l. 57th St.
Otsuki, Saku Taro, (Lion. Gr.), 102 W. 123rd St.
(Tamba) U. of (alif.
60
Sawamura, Ryu, (1Engl.), 556 W. 156th St. Tokyo
Com. S.
Shimizu, Kosaburo, (Ext.), 323 W. 108th St.
Shimomura, Tsuneo, (Ext.), Room 3013, 120
Broadway.
Shinohara, Tsuneo, (Ext.), Room 3013, 120 Broadway.
Slocum, Takutaro N., (3), 217 W. 238th St.
Suyeda, Jitsugo George, (Chem. E. 4), lHartley
Hall, Columbia University (Hiroshima)
Sumuki, Kazue, (Engl.), 30 Hamilton Place. Keio
U.
Tabussa, Hidenosuke, (Econ. Gr.), 281 Edgecomb
Ave. (Iyo) Tokyo Imp. U.
Tuaguchi, Rikichiro, (Gr.), 226 W. 105th St.
Takagi, Thomas T., (Econ. Gr.), 102 W. 123rd St.
(Hawaii) Broadway H.
Takaki, Mrs. Michi, (Educ.), 71 W. 44th St.
Takayama, Kiyoshi, (Educ. Psych. Gr.), 33 Arden
St. (Nagano) Tokyo Higher Normal and Columbia U.
Takeuchi, Seilchi, (Econ. Gr.), 136 W. 109th St.
(Okayanma) Doshisha U.
Takizawa, Miss Matsuyo, (Econ. Gr.), Tompkins
Hall, 21 Claremont Ave. (Nagano) Tsuda Engl.
C., Dana Hall, and Wellesley C.
Tunge, Miss Ume, (Educ.), 1230 Amsterdam Ave.
Tsuchiya, Miss Miya, (Educ.), Apt. 61, 200 Claremont Ave.
Wada, Toshimasa, (Drama) 9 W. 98th St. U. of
Calif.
Yamaguchi, Miss Aiko, (Psych. 3), 100 Payson
Ave. (Tokyo) George Washington 11.
Yamaguchi, Miss Fumiko, (Chem. 3), 100 Payson
Ave. (Tokyo) George Washington H.
Yamasaki, Hajime, (Hom. Econ.), 323 W. 108th
St.
Yamashita, hlirotoshi, (Ext.), Room 1308, 65
Broadway.
Yasuma, Isao Richard, (Ext.), 814 West End Ave.
(Shizuoka) Kwansei U.
Yoshida, Miss Mitsu, (Mus.), 320 W. 107th St.
(I1yogo) Kobe C.
Cornell University (Ithaca) 14
Aihara, Akira, (Arch. 4), 310 Elmwood Ave.
(Nagano) Tokyo Tech. C.
61
Akabane, Seiidhi, (M. E. 3), 302 Mitchell St.
(Tokyo) First M. and Cascadilla.
Dun, John Graham, (M. E. 3), 301 Bryant Ave.
(Tokyo) Keio Prep.
KIiyooka, Eiclhi, (Eng. 2), 407 Elmnwood Ave.
(Tokyo) Kemo Prep. and Cascadilla.
Koinuro, Hiideo, (liot. Sp.), Departaient of Blotany. (Tokyo) Tokyo 1111). U.
Kurita, Dalvid Kanichl, (Arch. 3), 108 Catherine
St. (Shizuoka) Lincoln H.
Morioka, 1. 523 N. Aurora Ave.
Nakamol o, Ilayato, (E. E. 4), 204 College Ave.
(Hawaii)
Nakashima, Tomiomiasa, (E. E. Gr.), 432 Mitchell
St. (Kumamoto) Tokyo Tech. C.
Niinomy, 1(iiil amro, (Elcon. Geol. Gr.), 107 Wilamlis St. (Aichi) Tokyo Normal.
Okamoto, Tatsnji, (Econ. Cr.), 228 Liaden Ave.
(KLIumIamoto) 1o)illisha U.
Tanaka, Takayoshi, (Econ. EIlntomol. Gr.)
Tejimaa, T., (Gr.), 413 Geneva Ave.
Shimizu, Koichiro, (C. E. 4), 206 Fairmonit Ave.
(Tokyo) Kingsley S.
Hol)art College (Geneva) 1.
Kinitira, Yasutaro, (Sdi. 2), Medbury Hall.
kayama) Takahillo Higher Com. S.
(Wa-
New School for Social Research
(New York City) 1
Hirainoto, Masaji, (Aeth. & F. A.), 165 Ilroadway.
Columbia U.
Newv York School of Social Work
(New York City) 1
Osabe, Fizo, (Soc. Rtes.), 417 W. 121st St. (Kobe)
Kwansei Gakuin amid Harvard U.
New York University (New York City) 8
Aoyama, Soichi, (('ow.), 323 W. 108th St.
Ikeda, Sawata, (Lawx Gr.), General P. O. Jiox 136,
N. Y. C. (Tokyo) Meiji U., Yale U., and Columbia U.
Kato, Raisaburo, (Colm.), 57 W. 23rd St.
Morita, Susimimln, (('ow.), 71 Madison Ave. (Nagoya) Nagoya C(oll. S.
Ogawa, S., (Corn.), i00 W. 144th St.
62
Sugihara, Kazuo, (Com.), 2100 Cropsey Ave.,
Brooklyn. (Morioka) Aoyama Gakuin.
Suzuki, Yoshio, (E. E. 2), 102 W. 123rd St.
(Tokyo)
Yoshida, George, (Corn.), 102 W. 123rd St.
(Osaka) Kobe Higher Com. S. and U. of London.
Syracuse University (Syraeuse) 2
Kawahara, George Jiro, (PreM. 1), 691 Allen St.
(Hawaii) McKinley H.
Shimidzu, Hiroshi, (Soc. 3), 141 Clarke St.
(Osaka) Waseda U.
Union Theologrical Seminary (New York City) 10
Ariga, Tetsutaro, (Theol. Gr.), 600 W. 122nd St.
(Osaka) Doshisha U.
Hasegawa, Keitaro, (Theol. Gr.), 600 W. 122nd
St. (Osaka) Osaka Shingakuin.
Kamide, Robert Masataka, (Theol. 3), 600 W.
122nd St. (Gifu) Doshisha U.
Kimura, Seizaburo, (Rel. Ed. 4), 600 W. 122nd
St. U. of Toronto.
Kimura, Yonetaro, (Theol. 4), 600 W. 122nd St.
Komai, Mrs. T., (Sp.), C-54, 736 W. 173rd St.
Kurihara, Hisao, (Rel. Philos. 3), 600 W. 122nd
St. (Shizuoka) Meiji Gakuin.
Mizlimukai, Keijiro, (Theol. 2), 600 W. 122nd St'.
(Gifu) Doshisha U.
Morita, Paul, Shunsuke, (Theol. Gr.), 600 W.
122nd St. (Gumma) Meiji Gakuin.
Uwoki, Tadakazu, (Eccl. Hist. Gr.), 600 W. 122nd
St. (Matsuyama) Doshisha U.
Vassar College
(Poughkeepsie) 1
Eukui, Miss Eiko, (Engl. 1), Vassar College.
(Tokyo) Y.W.C.A.
Wells College (Aurora) 1
Nakamura, Miss Mineo, (Engl. 2), Wells College.
(Tokyo) Nippon Women's U.
National Training School
(New York City) 1
Hori, Miss Nobu, (Gr.), 135 E. 52nd St.
63
Y.W.C.A.
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Books on Economics, Business,
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country.
Special Attention to the Japanese
Students. Write for Particulars.
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Book Dealer
154 Nassau Street, New York City
Telephone Beekman 8428
NORTH CAROLINA
Elon College (Ellon College) 1
Ito, Miss Chiyo, (Rel. Ed. 3), Box 39, Elon College. (Yamanashi) Utsuiiomiya Girls' Christian
S.
Trinity College (Durham) 4
Kodama, Kuninoshin, (Engl. 3), Lanier Hall,
Trinity College. (Hiroshima) Kwansei Gakuin.
Shiokawa, Richard Kazuo, (Bus. 2), Trinity College. (Kobe) Kwansei Gakuin.
I'eno, Miss Yasuko, ( .... ), Trinity College.
Yonemura, Miss Eiko, (Engl. 1), 1024 Monmouth
Ave. (Kurume)
NORTH DAKOTA
University of North Dakota (Grand Forks) 1
Honda, Ralph Mitsugu, (C. E. 2), Empress Cafe,
Grand Forks. (Hawaii) McKinley H.
OHIO
Antioch College (Yellow Spring) 1
Onoda, Hitoshi, Antioch College.
Ashland College (Ashland) 1
Toba, Tomio, (Econ.
(Kyoto) Waseda U.
Gr.),
800 Chestnut
St.
Central Theological Seminary (Dayton) 1
Koxvta, Sohei, (Theol. 3), 1320 E. I-uffman Ave.
(Shizuoka) Heidelburg U.
College Wooster (XWooster) 2
Nakashima, Kaoru, (Hist. 4), Kenarden Lodge,
Wooster. (Gunma) Mayehashi M. and Humboldt H.
Tsurumaru, Muitsuhiko, (3), 353 E. Bowman St.
(Shizuoka)
Defiance College (Defiance) 2
Ifigashinuira, Yosuke, (4), Sisson Hall. -(Tokyo)
Ohtagaki, Mizuho,
Doshisha U.
(3), Sisson Hall.
65
(Tottori)
Denison University (Granville) 2
Kato, Chosaburo, (Math. 3), Denison University.
(Fukushima) Fukushima M.
Matsuhashi, Motohiko, (Econ. 4), Denison University. Port Arthur M.
Heidelburg University (Tiffin) 2
Abe, Hlajime, (3), Heidelburg University.
Saito, Henry Yoshihara, (1), Heidelburg University.
Miami University (Oxford) 3
Hayakawa, Thomas, (Soc. 3), P. 0. Box 22.
(Osaka) Kwansei Gakuin.
Ito, Kahei, (Econ. 3), 322 S. Main St. (Nagoya)
Kondo, Shusuke, (Econ. 4), 322 S. Main St.
(Fukushima) Keio U.
Obertin College (Oberlin) 17
Fukuhara, Kinshi, (Eng. Lit. Gr.), P. 0. Box 23,
Oberlin. (Okayama) Doshisha U.
Rigechi, Miss Kamejiu, (Mus. 4), 97 Elm St.
(Niigata) Iilo H.
Honde, Eizaburo, (Col. 2), 190 Morgan St.
Iwaya, Takanosuke, (Econ. 2), 152 Woodland Ave.
(Tokyo) Tokyo First M.
Mori, Miss Tomo, (Mus. 2), 130. Woodland Ave.
(Tokyo) Kobe C.
Ninomiya, Genpei, (Theol. 2), Council Hall, Oberlin College. (Matsuyama) Doshisha U.
Nishigori, Sadao, (Theol. 3), Council Hall.
Ohga, Hiroshi, (Econ. 4), 112 Woodland Ave.
(Kobe) Imamiya M. and Oberlin H.
Oshima, Walter Utica, (Theol. 4), Council Hall.
(Otaru) Hokkaido Imp. U.
Shibata, Takenori, (Sci. 1), P. 0. Box 94, Oberlin. (Mayehashi) Mayehashi M. and Tabor Ac.
Suzuki, Miss Yoshi, (Col. 3), 33 College Place.
(Tokyo) Aoyama Jogakuin.
Tsunajima, Ben. Tokuo, (Chem. 4), 3 Men's
Building, Oberlin College. (Okayama) Takahashi M.
Tsuneyosbi, Miss Ryuko, (Phys. Ed. 4), 33 College Place. (Tokyo) Nippon Women's U.
Watase, Shuieliro, (Theol. 2), Council Hall.
(Kumamoto) Doshisha U.
Yokoyama, Miss Yo, (Mus.), 130 Woodland Ave.
66
Yonezawa, Miss Tazu, (Bible 4), 33 College Place.
(Okayama) Kobe C.
Yuasa, Yeinen, (Mus. Gr.), 42 N. Park St. (Kyoto)
Doshisha U.
Ohio State University (Columbus) 6
Dol, Warren Tokuo, (Journ. 1), 2239 Neil Ave.
(Hawaii) Palo Alto Union H.
Fujimoto, Arthur Takuji, (Agr. 4), 111 West 10th
Ave. (Shizuoka) Hokkaido Imp. 'U.
Fujimoto, Tadashi, (Phys. Gr.), 111 West 10th
Ave. (Tokushima) Tokushima M. and Conn.
Wesleyan U.
Ikehara, Gisei, (Arch. 3), 106 W. Norwich Ave.
(Hawaii) Los Angeles H.
Osaki, Kenneth Sliuzi, (M. E. 3), 2239 Neil Ave.
(Kyoto) Waseda U.
Ozaki, Harold Toyosaburo, (E. E. 1), 2239 Neil
Ave. (Hiroshima) Hiroshima First M. and
Palo Alto Union H.
Ohio Wesleyan University (Delaware) 4
Chiba, Taneo, (Col. 4), 12 E. Lincoln Ave.
Santo, Joseph Tatsuro, (Econ. 4), Sturges Hall.
(Tokyo) Aoyama Gakuin.
Sugimori, Miss Koko, (Bible 3), Monnett Hall.
(Kanazawa) Tokyo Women's Christian C.
Tsugita, Shiro, (Econ. 4), 208 Washington St.
(Tokyo) Aoyama Gakuin and Keiji Gakuin.
Otterbein Colege (Westerville) 1
Yabe, Tadashi, (l3iol. 4), 5 W. Main St. (Fukushima) Aizu M. and Martin Bachm Ac.
University of Cincinnati (Cincinnati) 3
Fukushima, Harry Otoichi, (PreM. 1), 2346 Bedford Ave. Seattle Y.M.C.A.H.
Kawasaki, Yoshikazu, (PreM. 3), 257 Loraine
Ave. (Hawaii) U. of Hawaii.
Nakayama, Joseph, (Med. 4), 257 Loraine Ave.
(California) Oakland H.
Western Reserve University (Cleveland) 1
Araki, Harry S.
OKLAHOMA
University of Oklahoma (Norman) 1
Hiraki, Yoshiro, (Chem. Gr.), P.. 0. Box 675, Norman. (Kanazawa) Tokyo Higher Tech. C.
67
OREGON
Eugene Bible University (Eugene) 1
Kawaguchi, Sadaicli, (....), Eugene Bible Uni-
versity.
Linfield College (McMinnville) 1
Yamamoto, Miss Sumie, (AS. I), 107 A St.
(H1yogo) Boise 11.
Reed College (Portland) 2
Fukuda, Miss Tamnaki, (Lit. 4), Reed College.
(Okayarna)
Sumida, James Yoslio, (AS. 4), Reed College.
(Okayama) Y.M.C.A.C.
University of Oregon (Eugene) 2
Kurashige, Tetsuielil, (Law 4), Y.M.C.A., Eugene.
(Hawaii) Mills 11.
Fukuda, Shigeru, (Bus. Adm. 1), 2060 E. 17th
Ave. (Hawaii) :Hilo H.
Willamette University (Salem) 1
Yamashita, Masauori, (}110. 2), Willamel te University. (Kagawa) 0. I. of T.
PENNSYLVANIA
Baptist Institute for Christian Workers
(Philadelphia) 1
(Thleol. 3), 1425 Snyder
Kisbi, Miss Nobuko,
Ave. (Kobe)
Bryn Mawr College (liryn Mawr) 1
FuLjita, Miss Taki, (Econ. 3), IRadnor Hall, Bryn
Mawr College. (Tokyo) Esuda Engl. C.
Buclknell University (Lewisburg) 1
Yamamoto, Keblbi, (Ed. 3), Bucknell UIlliversitly.
(Tokyo) Waseda U.
Carnegie Institute of Technology
(Pittsburgh) 1
Uji, Yoshikazu, (M. E. 3), Carnegie Inst. of Tech.
(Wakayafma)
Crozer Theological Seminary (Chester) 1
Fujii, Kuranosuke, (I'heiol. 4), (rozer Theol. Seminary. (Tokyo) Waseda U.
68
Dickinson College (Carlisle) 2
Ilamamura, Francis M., (Biol. 1), Conway Hall,
Carlisle. (Ilawaii) Mauii II.
Ilirotsu, Thomas Hajime, (Blel. 1), Conway Hall,
Carlisle. (Hawaii) Mauii H.
Gettysburg College (Gettysburg) 4
Kanda, Takeo, (PreM. 4), P. 0. Box 99, Gettysburg. (flawAii) Malli 11.
Wada, Masaiclhi, (Econ. 1), P. 0. Box 99, Gettysburg. (Gifii) Shiuko Cou. and Gettysburg Ac.
Yoshida, Ichirobei, (('om. Sp.), Oto Dorm., Gettysbuirg College. (Niigata) Meiji U.
Suzumki, Kinsaburo.
Jefferson Medical College (Philadelphia) 1
Yoshida, Yasohiciti, (Med. 1), 214 S. 11th St.
(Yokohama)
U.
of Calif.
Lafayette College (Easton) 2
Munakata, Tameharn, (M. E. 2), Lafayette College. (Osaka) Takachio M. and Bethlehem
Prep.
Ono, Joe, (PretM. 2), c/o Prof. I'. AV. Kunkel, College Campus. (INlkushiiaa) Fukushbima M. and
Hollywood 11., Calif.
Lancaster Theological Seminary (Lancaster) 1
T'aguchi, Taisuke, (Theol. 4), Lancaster Theol.
Sem. (Aizui) Tohoku Gakuin.
Lebanon Valley College (Annville) 2
Ishihaura, Henry Tokuhichi, (Bible 2), P. 0. Box
913, Annville. (Fukuoka) Fukuoka M. and Mills
11., Honolulu.
hiniuira, Shigeyuki, (AS. ]).
Lutheran Theological Seminary (Mt. Airy) 2
Asaji, Nobortu, (Theol. Gr.), 7301 Germantown
Ave. (Toyania.) Hiroshima higher Normal.
Hirai, Kiyoshi, (Theol.), Lutheran Theological
Seminary, Mt. Airy.
Pennsylvania State College (State College) 1
Naito, Katsutoshi, (hlorlic. 1), c/o Dean Warbock, West Campus. (Hiroshima) IKagoshima
Ilmp. U., Agr. and Forest.
69
Protestant Episcopal Divinity 'School
(Philadelphia) 2
Baan, Joshua Kaneto, (Theol. 2), 4408 Pine St.
(Tokyo) St. Paul's U.
Tloyo, Abraham S., (Tlheol. 3), 209 St. Marks
Square. (Nara)
School for Social Work (Philadelphia) 1
Matsuoka, Miss Asako, 435 School Lane, Ger-
mantown. (Tokyo)
Temple University (Philadelphia) I
(Corn. 4), 4329 Larchwood Ave.
(Okayama) Kwanseii Gakuin.
University of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia) 27
Arakaki, Minoru, (Med. Gr.), 112 Swathmore
Kai, Hotaro,
Ave., Ridley Park. (Hokkaido)
Asaji, Noboru, (Philos. Gr.), 7301 Germantown
Ave. (Toyama) Hiroshima Higher Normal.
Fujii, Kuranosuke, (Soc. Gr.), Crozer Theol. Seminary. (Tokyo) Waseda U. and Ottawa U.
Fukagawa, Sakuro, (Com. 3), 4117 Pine St. (Saga)
Saga M. and Kiskiminetas Springs S.
Hayashi, Motozo, (Com. 4), 230 S. Melville St.
(Osaka) Osaka Com. S., Palo Alto H.
Ichinoi, Masatsugu, (Dent. 4), 230 S. Melville
St. (Tokyo) Tokyo Dental C.
Izawa, Yoshitane, (Med. Gr.), 413 S. 18th St.
(Tokushima) Okayama Med. C.
Kai, Hotaro, (Soc.), 4329 Larchwood Ave. (Okayama) Kwansei Gakuin.
Kaneshiro, Shoki, (Com. 4), 5525 Kingsessing
Ave.
Kato, Yoshimasa, (Com. 1), 4117 Pine St. (Toyohashi) Meiji U. and Mt. Hermon S.
Kodza, Hisatsugu, (Com. 3), 418 Franklin, Dorm.
(Osaka) Seiki Com. S. and Lawrenceville.
Kumazawa, Jinnosuke, (Com. 3), 216 Foerderer,
])ormn. (Yokohama) Keio Prep. and Samerville
H.
Masuda, Katsunobu, (Com. 2).
Mitomi, Walter Haruo, (Eng. 3), 3938 Pine St.
(Tokyo) Central H., Phila.
Mikuriya, Tadafuimi, (Eng. 3), 5213 Floronce Ave.
(Saga) Kumamoto Higher Tech. S.
Nakagawa, Toyokichi, (Gr.), 223 S. Melville St.
(Tokyo)
70
Nakagawa, Yoshiro, (Dent. 4), 4117 Pine St.
(Tokyo) Tokyo Dental C. and Univ. of Penna.
Okabe, gaburo, (Dent. Gr.), 230 S. Melville St.
(Tokyo) Tokyo Dental C. and U. of Pa.
Sakai, Junji, (Dent. 4), 3627 Powelton Ave.
(Niigata)
Soda, Tamefusa, (Dent. 4), D-5 Montevista Apts.,
Overbrook. (Chiba) Tokyo Dental C.
Suzuki, Tozo, (Com. 2), 46 Morgan, Dorm. (Nagoya)
Takahashi, Shinjiro, (Dent. 4), 3434 Walnut St.
(Tokyo) Nippon Dental C.
Takamatsu, Juzo, (Dent. 4), 3627 Powelton Ave.
(Saitama) Tokyo Dental C.
Toyoda, Taro, (Med. Gr.), 3904 Baltimore Ave.
(.... ) Tokyo Imp. U.
Uchida, Susumu, (Med. Gr.), 18th and Lombard
Sts.
Wakimoto, Hisashi, (Com. 3), 3905 Spruce St.
(Fukui) Yokohama Com. S .
Yoshiyasu, Takeshi, (Arch. 2), 3905 Spruce St.
(Tokyo) Gyosei M. and Tufts C.
RHODE ISLAND
Brown University (Providence) 4
Kikkawa, Yoshihiro, (Or. Econ.), Brown University. (Yamaguchi)
Sato, George, (Col. 1), 376 Benefit St. (Osaka)
Waseda U. M. and Wayland Ac.
Tsukuno, George Toyoharu, (Col. 1), 319 Maxcy
Hall. (Washington) Broadway H.
Yamada, Yoshitaro, (Sp.), Brown University.
(Tokyo)
SOUTH CAROLINA
Clemson Agricultural College (Clemson College) 1
Tsukiyama, Yutaka, (Textile 4), Clemson Agricultural College. (Hiroshima) Osaka Tech. C.
Lutheran Theological Seminary (Columbia) 1
Kishi, Chitose, (Theol. 3), Lutheran Theological
Seminary. (Gifu) Kwansei Gakuin.
71
SOUTH DAlOTA
Huron College (Huron) 1
Seto, Miss Yao, ( .... ), Huron College.
University of South Dakota (Vermillion) 1
Rlyu, Seifu, (Med. 4), 309 Pine St. (Formosa)
Doshisha Ac.
TENNES'SEE
Carson Neuwman College (Jefferson City) 1
Kuriya, Hiroshi, (Bible & Econ. Sp.), P. 0. Box
15, Jefferson City. (Saga) Kuriike Com. S.
George Peabody College (Nashville) 1
Tanaka, Isawo.
Vanderlilt University (Nashville) 3
Etoli, Mrs. Kin M., Wesley Hall.
Etoh, Mikitaro,' (Theol. 3), Wesley Hall. (Oita)
Kwansei Gakuin.
Kosaka, Goryu, (Theol. 3), Wesley Hall. (Utsunomliya) Kwansei Gakuin.
TEXAS
Southern Methodist University (Dallas) 1
Ito, Heijiro, (Theol. Gr.), 233 Southern Methodist
University. (Sa g:) K winsei Gakuhit.
University of Texas (Austin) 1
Takeuchi, Sterling Ii., (Gr.), University Methodis(
Church, Austin.
UTAH
University of Utah (Salt Lake City) 13
Adachi, Teruniasa, (M. E. 2), University of Utah.
Aritna, Clarence Y., (Coom. 2), University of Utah.
Chiba, Masno, (Educ. 1), University of Utah.
Hayakawa, Thomas S., (Gov. 1), 33 South West
Temple St. (Ise) Miye Second M. and East H.
Hlojima, Miss Kimni, (PreM. 1), University of
Utah.
Ishikawa, Taneo, (E. E. 2), University of Utah.
Kaneko, I)avid Toshisuke, (Med. 3), University
of Utah. (Yamagulhi) East Salt Lake City H.
Kauieoya, Toshimaro, (M. E. 3), University of
Utah. (Chiba)
Kobayashi, Warren Shaw, (Com. 3), University of
Utah. (Fukui) Com. S.
Motoki, Ichiji, (Com. 4), 163 West South Temple
St. (Miye)
Narahara, Takashi, (E. E. 3), 129 West First
South St. (Kagoshima) Military Ac.
Urate, Sadao, (Soc. 3), University of Utah.
Yamnamoto, Kohachiro, (Chemn. Gr.), University of
Utah. (Wakayama) U. of Utah.
VIRGINIA
College of William and Mary (Williamsburg) 1
Matsu, Arthur (AB. 1), College of William and
Mary. (Scotland) Cleveland H.
Randolph-Macon Woman's College (Lynchburg) 1
Nakamura, Miss Umeyo, (Engl. 2), Box 155, R.
M. W. College. (Kobe) Kobe C.
Theological Seminary of Virginia (Alexandria) 1
Nagata, Paul, (Theol. 4), Theological Seminary.
(Osaka) St. Paul's U.
University of Virginia (Charlottesville) 1
Kishida, Masajiro, (Econ. Gr.), 323 14th St.
(Hiroshima) Waseda U.
WASHINGTON
Konzaga University (Spokane) 1
Ariyama, Tadanori, (Law 4), 207 Third Ave.
State College of Washington (Pullman) 8
Maeda, Muneo, (E. E. 4), Box 684, College Station. (Kagoshima) Kagoshima M. and Franklin H.
Mino, Joe T., (E. E.), State College of Washington.
Nakagawa, Harry T., (Arch.), State College of
Washington.
Nimi, Joe Y., (Pharm.), State College of Washington.
Numoto, Minoru, (E. E. 3), Box 647, College Station. (Okayama) Okaynma Com. S. and Franklin H.
Okui, Jiro, (Bus. Adm.), State College of Washington.
Yasuda, Mack M., (Pharm.), State College of
Washington.
Yasumura, Jobo T., (E. E. 4), 107 Cleveland.
(Tokyo) Summer H.
University of Washington (Seattle) 66
Arai, Allen K., 314 9th Ave. (America) Broadway H.
Arai, Clarence T., 1102 Spruce St. (America)
Franklin H.
Arai, Tom F., (1), 107 Prospect St. (Washington) Broadway HI.
Ariizumi, Miss Tiyo, (Pharm. 2), 913 Yesley Way.
(Seattle)
Doi, Ninage, (1), 7757 21st St., S. W.
Fukuda, Miss Wakiko, 4739 16th St., N. E.
Funakushi, Frank Kinichi, (E. E. 4), 4115 15th
N. E. (Tokyo)
Funakushi, Miss Mary, (4), 4115 15th N. E.
Funakushi, Mrs. Sgakaye T., 3737 University Way.
Furuya,' William Naoyuki, (Com. 4), 4115 15th
N. E. (Hyogo) Broadway H.
Fushimi, Shigeichi, (3).
Hamada, Fred Isaburo, (Bus. Adm. 3), 520 Main
St. Franklin H. Hayashi, Miss H., 4115 15th N. E.
Hirai, Richard Takanaga, (Com. 2), 4115 15th
N. E. (Hiroshima) McKinley H.
Hirata, Harry Monkichi, (Corn. 4), 14181/2 Jackson St. (Okayama)
Hirose, Miss Ruby S., (Pharm. 2), R. 2, Box 204,
Auburn. (Washington)
Horiike, Koji, (Bus. 2), 216 10th Ave., South.
(Shizuoka) Broadway H.
Ikeda, Jubei, (Bus. 2), 508 Garfield St. (Tochiki)
Aoyama Gakuin.
Katayama, E., (1), 1416 18th Ave.
Kimura, Koreaki, (Gov. 3), 1231 E. Spruce St.
(Japan) Broadway H.
Kitabashi, T. Y., (2), 809 Yesley Way.
Komo, Sanichi, (1), 4115 15th N. E.
Kondo, Paul T., (3), 4115 15th N. E. (America)
Broadway H.
74
Konzo, Seighi, (Eng. 1), 4115 15th N. E. (Tacoma) Stadium H.
Kosuga, Zenichi, (Gr.), 509 King St. (Shiga)
Hosei U.
Kotabashi, T. Y., 4115 15th N. E.
Masuda, Thomas, (3), 4115 15th N. E. (Seattle)
Masumoto, Takashi T., (Arch. 1), 164'/2 10th Ave.
(Ehime) Uwajirla M. and Yakima H.
Matsumura, 5'., (4), 4115 15th N. E. (Japan)
Mineta, Makiichi, (Gov. 3), 4115 15th N. E.
(Aichi) Meiji U.
Miyamoto, Sanji, (Law 1), 4115 15th N. E.
(Hawaii)
Morimoto, Takiji, (Eng. Gr.), Box 631, University
Station. (Osaka)
Moriwake, Ernest K., 4115 15th N. E.
Nagamatsu, George Rio, (E. E. 2), 4115 15th N.
E. (Washington) Snoqualmie H.
Nagamine, Frank N., (Arch. 2), 1251 Main St.
Franklin H.
Nakashima, George, (1), 3808 Genessee St. (America) Franklin H.
Nishimoto, Yoshio James, (Com. 1), 1091/2 Yesley
Way. (Hawaii) Broadway H.
Nishinoiri, John Isao, (Soc. 3), 4115 15th N. E.
(Nagano) Kiso Forest S. and W. Seattle H.
Nishio, Frank Masao, (E. E. 3), 4115 15th N. E.
(Tottori) Broadway H.
Nitta, Tsutomu, (1), 105 16th Ave., N.
Nozaki, Kiyoshi, (1), Box 631, University Station.
Odani, Juichi, (1), 915 E. Fir St.
Ogino, Rinjiro, (1), 4115 15th N. E.
Sakuma, Yasuharu, (4), 4115 15th N. E.
Sato, T., (3), 1020 Main St.
Shigaki, G. M., (Arch. Gr.), 4115 15th N. E.
(Hawaii)
Shigemura, Miss Chiye, (2), 4115 15th N. E.
Shimizu, Frank, (Com. 4), 1233 16th Ave. N.
(Tokyo) Broadway H.
Shinkai, T. Tsuguo, (C. E. 2), 3313 Hanford St.
(Yamanashi) Franklin II.
Shinoda, Akira, (Eng. 1), 4115 15th N. s. (Yamanash!) Stadium H.
Shiomi, Roy Yoshiyuki, (E. E. 2), 1055 Director
St. (Tokachi) Broadway H.
Sonju, N., 1211 44th Ave.
75
Sugimachi, Yaemitsii, (Soc. 3), 4115 15th N. E.
(Japan) Meiji U.
Suglyama, Shinichi Frank, (Elect. 1), 4115 15th
N. E. (Washington) Kent H.
Takahashi, Seijiro, 4115 15th N. E.
Takahashi, Theodore, (2), 4115 15th N. E.
Takahashi, Yoshiomi, (Gov. 3), 4115 15th N. E.
(Hokkaido) Meiji U.
Takai, Miss Sumiko, (Mus. 1), 4115 15th N. E.
(Matsue) Vashon II.
Talnaka, William UTnekichi, (Arch. 1), 1021 F.
Spruce St. (Yokohama) Yokohama Com. S. and
Broadway II.
Tashima, Hideo R., (3), 4115 15th N. E.
Togo, Yone, (1), 212 9th Ave., South.
Washizuka Seiichi, (1), 4115 15th N. E.
Yanmaoka, George, (Law 3), 2040 Franklin Ave.
(Seattle) Lincoln H.
Yorogi, S., (Journ. Gr.), 4115 15th N. E. (Tokyo)
St. Paul's C.
Yoshioka, Miss Fusako, (AS. 1), 1026 Main St.
(Seattle) Stadium H.
Yoshioka, Jisaburo, (PreM. 2), 1026 Main St.
(Hiroshima) Shudo M. and Stadium H.
Whitman College (Walla Walla) 2
Matsuno, Morizo, (Econ. 4), Lyman Hall.
(Hawaii) Mills H.
Tsuda, Fred Kazuio, (Econ. 2), Lyman Hall.
(Hawaii) Mills H.
WEST VIRGINIA
West Virginia Wesleyan College
(Buckhannon) 1
Takaliashi, Susumu, (Bus. Adm. 4), West Virginia Wesleyan College.
WISCONSIN
Beloit College (Beloit) 1
Kikuchi, Harry Minoru, (Gov. 4), 633 College St.
Fukuoka) Toyotsu M. and Alameda lI.
Lawrence College (Appleton) 3
Jinno, Kosaku, Lawrence College. (lhime)
Lee, D)onuald ('ior, Lzxwvrei-o CoIllege. (Formosa)
76
Ota, Kiyoshi, Lawrence College.
(Osaka)
Ripon College (IRipon) 1
Takebayashi, Kazuo, tEcon. 4), Merrirnan House.
(Chiba) Waseda U.
University of Wisconsin (Madison) 12
Furukawa, Yozo, (Com. Gr.), 14 S. Orchard St.
(Matsiyama) Kwansei Gakuin.
Kaneda, Kazuo, (Soc. 1), 14 S. Orchard St.
(Yamnaguchli)
Matsui, Shichiro, (Econ. Gr.), 437 Loreh St.
(Gniinia) Doshisha U. and U. of California.
Matsunmoto, Ryozo, (Soc. Gr.), 9 Lathrop. (Tokyo) Keio U.
Miyasaki, Masao, (Eng. 4), 2154 Keys Ave.
AIizoe, Satsuki, (Gov. Gr.), 111 N. Warren St.
(Hokkaido) Hokkaido Imp. U.
Morislilta, Masakazu, (Econ. Gr.), Ulniversity Y.
M.C.A. (Osaka) Waseda U.
Obana, Tsutomu, (Econ. Gr.), 134 N. Orchard St.
(Saitama) Waseda U. and Denison U.
Shimizu, Miss Tsnta, (Hom. Econ. 3), 1122 W.
Johnson St. (Ehirne) Doshisha Girls' C.
Sono, Kenji, (Econ. Gr.), 111 N. Warren St.
(Yarnaguchi), Keio U.
Suyenobu, Jiro, (C. E. Gr.), ill N. Warren St.
(Kochi) Hlokkaido Imp. U.
Suzuki, Tokitaro, (Econ. Gr.), 901 University Ave.
(Hawaii)
WYOMING
University of Wyoming (Laramie) 1
Tanabe, Kiyogi, (M. E. 4), University of Wyoming.
JAPANESE STUDENTS IN CANADA
CANADA
University of British Columbia (Vancouver) 7
Kobe, Susumnu, (Gov. 2), 837 Cordova St., East.
(Miye) Britannia 11.
Miyazaki, Massajiro, (Chem. & Zool. 3), 1622
Second Ave., West. (Shiga) Duke of Connaught H.
Nakano, Noboru, (AS. 2), University of British
Columbia.
Agawa, Miss Kiyo, (AS. 2), University of British
Columbia.
Tamura, Morikiyo, (Sci. 2), University of British
Columbia.
Tokunaga, Tadashli, (Sci. 1), University of British Columbia.
Yonemura, Hozumi, (AS. 4), University of BritI
ish Columbia.
University of Montreal (Montreal) 1
Morishita, Toshiki, (I)ent. 4), 380 Hubert St.
(Fukuoka) Tokio Dental C.
University of Toronto (Toronto) 8
Ishii, K., (Dent.), 55 Essex St.
Nishikawa, F. S., (AS.), 417 Bloor St., West.
Oshio, Hlikojiro, (Soc.), Burwash Hall, Victoria
College. (Kobe) Kwanjsei Gakuin.
Sato, Keiichiro, (Theol.), IBurwash Hall, Victoria
College. (Yamnanashi) Kwainsei Gakuin.
Suzuki, S., (AS.), 8 Webster St.
Takaba, Sueichi, (E. E.), 55 Harbord St. (Shiinane) Hiroshima Tech. C.
Takizawva, S'iro, (Theol. 1.), 13turvash Hall, Victoria College. (Nagano) Kwansei Gakuin.
Taniyama, S. (AS.), 27 McGill St.
GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX
Canada ........... 78
California .......... 23
Colorado ........... 34
Connecticut ......... 34
District of Columbia 35
Georgia ........... 35
Hawaii ........... 35
Illinois ........... 41
Indiana ........... 44
Iowa ........... 45
Kansas ........... 46
Kentucky .......... 46
Louisiana .......... 46
Maine ........... 47
Maryland .......... 47
Massachusetts ..... 47
Michigan ........... 53
Minnesota .......... 54
Missouri ........... 55
Nebraska ........... 55
New Hampshire .... 57
New Jersey ........ 57
New York .......... 58
North Carolina ..... 65
North Dakota ....... 65
Ohio ................65
Oklahoma .......... 67
Oregon ............. 68
Pennsylvania ....... 68
Rhode Island ....... 71
South Carolina ...... 71
South Dakota ....... 72
Tennessee .......... 72
Texas ............. 72
Utah ............. 72
Virginia ............ 73
Washington ........ 73
West Virginia ...... 76
Wisconsin .......... 76
Wyoming .......... 77
to
INDEX TO INSTITUTIONS
*=Men's Colleges; t=Women's Colleges;
Others Are Coeducational.
*Amherst C ......... 47
Antioch C.......... 65
Asbury (........... 46
Ashland (t ......... 65
Auburn Theol. Seum. 58
Baker U ........... 46
Bapt. Inst. Clhi.
Workers ........ 6,8
Bates C ............ 47
Beloit C ............ 76
Bibl. Sem. of New
York ............ 58
Boston U .......... 49
*Bowdoimm C .......... 47
Brown U ........... 71
Bucknell U ......... 68
Butler C ........... 44
tBryn Mawr C ...... 68
*C. C. of New York. 58
*Calif. Inst. of Tech. 23
Carnegie Inst. of
Tech
.......... 6S
Carson Newman C. 72
Central Theol. Sem. 65
*Centre C ........... 46
Chicago C. of I)eut.
Sanrg .......... 41
Chicago Tech. S... 41
*Clark U ............ 49)
*Clemson Agr. (C.... 71
*Colgate U .......... 59
C. of City of
Detroit .......... 53
C. of the Pecific ... 23
C. of Ost. Phys. &
Surg .......... 23
C. of William &
Mary ............ 73
C. of Wooste ...... 65,
Columbia U ... 59
*Conn. Wesleyan IJ. 34
Cornell C .......... 45
Cornell U .......... l
Crozer Theol. Sian. 68
Ctulver-StockIton C. 55
57
*Dartoimtll C ......7.
Defiance C ......... 65
J)enison U ......... 66
J)e Pauw U ........ 44
Dickinson C ....... 69
1)rew Theol. Spin.. 57
Erilhain C ......... 44
ElTou ( ........... 65
*F'inory U ........... 35
Euttgene Bible IJ....
(;eorge Peabody C.
*(1eorgia S. of Tech.
68
(G2alaudet C ........ 35
Gettysburg C ......
ttoulieer C .........
Hlaniline U .........
72
35
69
47
54
of Rel.
.
34
IInriford S.
1'e
.
..........
H1artford Theol.
Sem .............
*lTarvard U .........
I[eidellburg U ......
1-1illsdale C ........
Hobart C ..........
Mlood C ............
Huron C ...........
Indiana Denit. C...
Indiana U .........
Iowa State U ......
tJackson C ..........
Jefferson Med. C...
Johns Hopkins U..
Kalanmazoo C ......
Kniox C ............
Konzaga U ........
*Lafayette C ........
Lake Forest U .....
80
35
49
66
53
62
47
72
44
44
45
50
69
47
53
41
73
69
41
Lancaster Theol.
Sem ............ 69
Lawrence C ........ 76
Lebanon Valley C. 69
Leland Stanford U. 23
Linfield C .......... 68
Lowell Textile S.. 50
Luth. Theol. Sem.
(Pa.) .......... .. 69
Luth. Theol. Sem.
(S. C.) ........ 1..
7
Mass. Inst. of
Tech ........... 50
McCormick Theol.
Sem ............ 41
Miami U ........... 66
Michigan Agr. C ... 53
Middlesex Med. C.. 51
tMills C ............. 25
Monmouth C ....... 42
Moody Bible Inst.. 42
tMt. Holyoke C..... 51
Nebraska Wesleyan U .......... 55
New Church Theol.
Sem. ............51
New Eng. Cons. of
Music ........... 51
New S. for Social
Res ............. 62
Newton Theol. Sem. 51
N. Y. S. of Social
Work ........... 62
N. Y. University ... 62
Northwestern C .... 42
Northwestern U .... 42
Northwestern U.
Med. C ........... 42
Oberlin C .......... 66
Occidental C ....... 25
Ohio State''U ...... 67
Ohio Wesleyan U.. 67
Olivet C ........... 53
Ottawa U.......... 46
Otterbein C ........ 67
Pacific School of
81
.
.
.
Religion
........
Park C .............
Pasadena U ........
Penn. State C ......
Pomona C ..........
*Princeton Theol.
25
55
25
69
26
Sem ............ 57
*Princeton U ........ 57
*Prot. Epis. Divin.
S ................ 70
fRadeliffe C ......... 51
.
ftRandolph-Macon
W. C ........... 73
Reed C ............. 68
Ripon C ........... 77
*Rutgers C ......... 58
S. P. Nat. Train. S'. 26
S. F. Theol. Sem.. 26
S. for Social Work 70
So. Bapt. Theol.Sem ............ 46
So. Methodist U ... 72
*St. Louis U .........55
ISimmons C ......... 52
Simpson C ......... 45
*Springfield C ...... 52
State C. of Wash.. 73
State Teachers C.. 26
Syracuse U ......... .63
Tabor C ........... 45
Taylor U ........... 44
Temple U .......... 70
Theol. Sem. of Va. 73
Trinity C .......... 65)
Tufts C ............ 52
*Tulane U.......... 46
Union Theol. Sem.. 63
U. of Brit.
Columbia ....... 78
U. of California ... 26
U. C. C. of
Pharmacy ....... 30
IT. C. Dent. C ...... 31
U. C. Med. C ....... 31
U. C. Southern
Branch .......... 31
.
.
U. of Chicago .....
U. of Cincinnati ..
U. of Colorado ....
IU. of Denver ......
U. of Hawaii ......
U. of Illinois ....
U. of Iowa .......
U. of Kansas ....
U. of Louisville ...
U. of Maine .......
U. of Michigan ...
U. of Minnesota . .
U. of Missouri ...
U. of Moiitreal ...
U. of Nebraska ....
U. of No. Dakota..
U. of Oklahoma ...
U. of Oregon ......
U. of Pennsylvania.
U. of So. Dakota...
U. of Southern
Calif.
U.
U.
U.
U.
of
of
of
of
42
U. of Washington..
IT. of Wisconsin ...
T. of Wyoming ...
Vanderbilt U.......
67
34
34
35
44
45
46
46
47
53
54
tVassar C...........
*Wabash C.........
Washington U.....
tWellesley C........
tells C............
74
77
77
72
63
45
55
63
63
W. Va. Wesleyan U. 76
Western Maryland
C................ 47
Western Reserve U. 67
tWheaton C........ 52
Whitman C........ 76
34
Whittier C ......
*Wiliam Jewell C.. 5,)
Willamnette C...... 68
*Williallis C......... 52
*Worcester Poly.
Inst . .......... 52
*Yile U ............ 35
*Y. M. C. A. C..... 44
tY. W. C. A. Nat.
Train. S......... 63
55
78
57
65
67
68
70
72
31
Texas ...... 72
Toronto ..
78
Utah .......
Virginia ..... 73
.........
82
INDEX TO NAMES
*iss; vMrs.
B
Baan, J. K ........
Banno, T..........
Beppu, Y..........
Betsui, T..........
C
Chiba, I............
Chiba, M..........
Chiba, T..........
D
Dodo, M...........
Dodo, S...........
Doi, I.............
Doi, N.............
Doi, S. ............
Doi, W. T.........
Doi, Y.............
*Domoto, K. .......
*Domoto, S. ........
*Domoto, T........
Domoto, Takaji....
Domoto, Taki......
Domoto, Toichi....
*Domoto, Y........
Dun, T. G.........
E
*Eastlake, C........
*Ebina, A..........
Egi, K .............
Endo, F. K........
Enoki, S. S........
tEtob, K. M........
Etoh, M...........
A
Abe, H............
*Abe, M............
Abe, S.............
Abiko, K..........
Adachl, T.........
*Agawa, K.........
Aihara, A.........
Aita, K............
Akabane, S........
Akamatsu, G. T...
Akashi, D. T.......
Aki, A.............
Akimoto, J. Y.....
Akinaga, J.
*Amana, B.........
Amari, Y..........
Aoki, F............
Aoki, K...........
Aoki, M...........
Aoki, S. J.........
Aoyama, S.........
Arai, A. K.........
Aral, C. T.........
Arai, S............
Arai, S. D.........
Aral, T. F.........
Arakaki, M........
Araki, H. S.....
Araki, N...........
Ariga, Tetsutaro...
Ariga, Tomono.....
*Ariizumi, K.......
Arima, C. Y.......
Arimori, Y........
Ariyama, T........
Asai, K...........
Asaji, N...........
Asakawa, K.......
Ashida, K.........
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70
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H. M........ 27
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Fujirnoto, A. T.
67
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Fujimoto, C ....... 19
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83
Fujimoto, T. ......
Fujimaga, E. S ....
Fujinaga, S ......
*Fujino, E. Y .......
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Fujita, K .........
*Fujita, T.3.........
Fujiwara, K ......
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.A.....
Fukamizu, M
Fukuda, II .......
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.
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Furuhashi, S ..... 44
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.. 57
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Fushimi, S ....... 74
.
G
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11
.......
59
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84
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Harada, Shizno.... 36
Harada, Shiiichi ... 59
Harada, Taichi ..... 49
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Hasegawa,
Kametaro ....... 49
lHasegawa, Keitaro. 63
EIasegawa, S. ..... 55
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*Ilashimot o, N. .... 42
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Ilatashita, E . ..... 53
Ilatayama,IIn ...... 26
Ilattori, M. K ...... 57
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.3..... 66
Hayakawa, T
Ha yaka wa, T. S ... 72
Ilayami, K . ....... 49
Hayano, M. ....... 26
Ilayasaki, Y. J.... 59
Ilayashi, A ....... 27
Hayashi, C. ....... 36
Ilayashi, P. M ..... 23
*llayalshi, II ....... 74
Hayashi, M. K ..... 53
Hlayashi, Masao .... 27
HIayashi, Mori..... 36
JHayashi, Motozo ... 70
Ilayashi, T. T ..... 19
*lligashi, 11 ....... 59
Higashimura, YV... 65
*HigLtchi, K ....... 66
Higuchi, 'I .. ....... 53
Ilikida, Y
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Ilikiln, Al. ........ 58
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il i, -T. .......... 31
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......
.
Fukushinia,
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.
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lloriike, K.
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lnouye, T.........
Iriki, W. K........
Ishida, F.........
Ishii, K...........
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Ishikawa, Yanosuke
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Ishimaru, T.......
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Ili, Katsuji .......
Iki, Kenji .........
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tKomai, T. .........
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87
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.........
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....
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....
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....
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.
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..... 50
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.1......... 54
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0
29
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.......
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..........
Sa:wauttra, It ..
Sawano, It .......
Seki, S ............
33
33
71
33
78
58
75
54
8S
61
43
35
52
*Seo, S .............
Sent, A1 ........... '.
72
*Seto, Y
Shibata. ......... 43
Shibat, T. ..... 66
Shigtk'i G. N1 ...... 75
Shigenuitsu ....... 43
...........
(
*Shigeniura,
S iksi, J.
*950mm,
Shlimrl, i
Shima,
Shimadn
......
...........
F. 1'
........
t
.........
....
T
...
t75
:33
29
29
25
.......... 31
Shlibntminor,
....
45
*Shilmlyinora, Y. .... 46
Shimnaulki, N.. 43
Shimidzu, 14. . 63
Shimizu, F. ....... 75
Shimizu, Kenlaro. 26
Shimizu, Koiehiro. 62
Shimizu, Kosahtbro 61
Shinilzu, S .. 43
*Shimizu, T. ....... 77
Shimomura, 7 .... 61
Shiinbori, 1i. T . . 54
75
T
Shiukai, T.
Shi ulkunvwa, . .. ..... 45
Shinoda, A ....... 75
Slinohlara, T..3..... 61
Shititafni, K ....... 23
Shioji, Y. ........ 44
Shiokawa, It. K... 65
......
.
Slhiomlli, R. Y ...... t7
Shirai, K ......... 57
Shiratishi, K ...... 51
Stirntizln, ii. S... 39)
Shushima, n.I...... X3
2
Shiwota, K. ...... 29.
.54
*Siollialrm, II.
.
Slocunt, T. N ... 61
So, T'. IL ....... 29
Sooiju, N ......... 7,>
. 7
. 7.
Soll 1K
Sonodn,
A. 8
J
Soraji, J.
.......
.......
3
29
Soda, '. .......I 71
Sozljll, AJ, ItT ......J 46
39
*Sumehiro,
.......
Sueyoshi, 11 ...... 53
39
Sugga, I-.L K T
....... 63
Sugillarm
So gijiaa, S'.S ..... 29
Suginmacii, Y 7G..
67
*Slmgiliori, K. ......
I.. 19
..........
tSmmgimooto,
IC.
Smmgiyallna,
S
Sugiylmna ......... 31
..
54
Sugiyama, S. F. .... 76
Son,
1
.
,l .........
26
Sonmida, J. Y ...... 68
Suimida, ALM ...
29
Simyedn,
J. G ....... 61
Siyeoaga .......... 31
20
S'uyeiiaga, l.
Suyeooho, J ...... 7733
*Smski, J..........
*Susmmki, N.S H ...... 52
Susukita, ....... 33
Suzuki, Kakutaro. 50
Suzuki, Kazue ..... 61
Suzuki, Khlsaburo. 69
Suzuki, S.. ......... 78
Suzuki, Taro ...... 39
Suzuki, Tokitaro. .. 77
I
Suzuki, Tozo ......
Suzuki, Yons'o .... 31
*Suzuki, Yoshi ..... 66
Suzuki, Yoshio .... 63
Takeuchi, Denchi..
Takeuchi, S.......
Takeuchi, S. H....
Takita, M.........
Takiyama, T......
*Takizawa, M......
Takizawa, S.......
Tamagawa, N.....
Tamanaha, T. 11...
Tainura, M........
Tamura, Matsuzo..
*Tan, M. ..........
Tanabe, K.........
Tanaka, I.........
Tanaka, K........
Tanaka, Masaru...
Tanaka, M........
TanIaka, S. ........
Tanaka, T.........
Tanaka, W. U.....
Tange, U..........
*Tani ..............
Tani, Ed. M........
Tani, Ernest M....
Tanikawa, a. N....
Tanimura, J. M...
Taniyama, S.......
Tashima, C. W.....
Tashima, H. R....
Tashiro, S.........
Tashiro, S'. T......
Tateoka, T........
Tawa, A. S.........
Tejima, T.........
Teragawa, H......
Teragawa, T......
Terami, T.........
*Terasawa, F. M....
Toba, T...........
Toda, K...........
Togo, Y...........
*Togasaki, M......
Togasaki, S.......
*Togasaki, Y.......
Toi, K...........
Tokimasa, H......
Tokioka, M........
Tokunaga, T......
T
Tabusa, H........
*Tadakuma, C......
Tagashira, C. J....
Tagawa, B........
Tagawa, Bunji ....
Taguchi, R.......
Taguchi, T.......
Taizumi, Y........
Takaba, S........
Takagi, T. T.......
Takahara, B. T....
Takahashi, 0. 1H...
Takahashi, H. M...
Takahashi, 3. T....
Takahashi, K.....
Takahashi, R......
Takahashi, Seijiro.
Takahashi, Shinjiro
Takahashi, Susumti
Takahashi, T.....
Takahashi, Y......
Takahira .........
Takahisa, T.......
*Takai, S...........
Takakawa, S......
Takaki, H.........
*Takaki, M.........
Takamatsu, J.....
Takashima, C. H..
Takata, H.........
*Takata, M. Y......
Takatsu, T........
Takayama, H.....
Takayama, K.....
Takebayashi, K. ..
Takechi, 0........
Takeda, P. C......
Takefuji, T........
Takel, K..........
Take, T.
Takemoto, A. ...
*Takemoto, F.
Takemoto, K. ...
*Takemura, Y......
Takenaka, K......
Taketa, T.........
Takeuchi, D.......
61
33
25
46
55
61
69
43
78
61
57
29
29
43
57
29
76
71
76
76
76
51
50
76
39
43
61
71
31
39
29
57
50
61
77
45
29
29
43
41
29
52
30
47
43
30
33
92
52
61
72
33
26
61
78
30
34
78
54
26
*77
72
33
23
47
25
62
76
61
34
39
39
50
39
78
39
76
20
39
41
30
62
39
34
30
30
65
20
76
30
30
30
39
39
39
78
*Tomita, L .........
Tomita, S ........
Toyama, C .......
Toyoda, T .......
Tsuboi, S ........
26
39
Tsukiyama, Y ....
Tsukuno, G. T ....
Tsunajima, B. T ...
R.I....
RTsuneyoshi,
Tsurumaru, M. ....
34
71
34
46
61
50
39
51
76
43
39
67
39
43
30
30
25
43
71
71
66
66
65
U
Uchida, Satoshi ....
Uchida, Susumu ...
.1.....
Uchiyama, II
TJchiyama, J .....
30
71
39
30
.
.
.
Tsuchiya, K
.
.....
*Tsuchiya, M .....
Tsuchiya, M ......
Tsuchiya, S
......
Tsuchiya, Y .....
Tsuda, F. K.......
Tsuda, T .........
Tsugawa, S ......
Tsugita, S ........
Tsuji, K ..........
Tsukamoto, K ....
Tsukamoto, K. J. .
Tsukangoto, W. T. .
.
*Tsukano,
.......
Tsukiyama, W. C..
*Ueno, Y ..........
Uji, y ............
*Ukai, K
.I..........
Urate, S ..........
Utsumi, K .......
........
*Utsumi,
Uyeda, F. J .......
Uyei, N ...........
Uyeno, D. H .......
Uyeyama, H ......
.
.
Uwoki,
T
........
W
Wada, M . .........
Wada, T .........
Wada, Y .........
Wagazuma, S .....
Wakabayashi, II ...
65
68
35
73
30
30
30
44
45
30
63
69
61
50
43
55
H .. 71
76
43
Wakimoto,
..
Washizuka, S .....
Watanabe, I ......
Watanabe, J. K ....
Watanabe, K .....
Watanabe, L .....
Watanabe, Shigezo
Watanabe, Sozaburo
.
.
'Watamura, H. J ...
Watari, S
Watase, S.
........
........
y
Yabe, T .
Yahiro,
Yahiro,
..........
J. M .......
T. T .......
Yamada, E .......
Yamada, E. K .....
Yamada, Y .......
Yamagata, C. S....
Yamagata, Tasuke.
.
39
59
26
50
49
30
58
66
67
34
31
35
30
71
31
55
Yamagata, Tatsuo. 34
*Yamaguchi, A .... 61
61
*Yamaguchi, F.
K .... 51
Yamaguchi, M. .... 34
Yamaguchi, S. 39
Yamaguchi, T. 49
Yamamoto, C. HI.. 39
Yamamoto, I .... 50
Yamamoto, J. K.. 39
Yamamoto, Kenbi. 68
Yamamoto, Kizo....... 58
Yamamoto,
Kohachiro ...... 73
Yamamoto, Shigeki 39
Yamomoto, Shigeo. 41
*Yamamoto, Sumie. 68
*Yamamoto, Susie.. 31
*Yamamoto, Suzuko 51
Yamamoto, T .... 42
Yamamoto,
Takanosuke .... 55
Yamamoto, Takeo.. 41
*Yamamoto, Tomiye 53
Yamanaka, T ..... 41
tYamane ........... 3441
Yamane, B .......
93
tYamaguchi,
e,
*XuIlane'1II
....
YatulIt(okt, (U. .....
YXniastt1li, 11. .....
Yatinsaki, $.......
,,2
76
(;I
25
Yamashiro, Masatllli 41
Yamash i ro, 1.L
45
61
Yamashita, }f.
Yamashita, K .
57
Yamrashita, M.
41
Yamashita,
Masalnori ........ (8
41
Yamuashita, T.
Yanagihara, M.
41
Yanagisawa, 1.. 30
Yasamurnr, J. r ... 74
Yasuda, M. 21...... 74
YautaSll~, 1. l:.... 61
Yokoi, J........... 26
Yokota, I). I. 34
* Yokoyainta, Y.
66
*YoInu'TIIIraL, E...... 615
if
.
78
.....
Yonenura,
I(Ztta;twn
'I ..
.....
Yorogi, $..........
Yoshida ..........
I oshli(1.1' GXvoo ..
.osh idna, (Genp ...
Yoshida, H. K .....
Y oshidia, K ........
* osidia, M2. .......
osi ida, Sh igeya..
Yoshida, Sihoichi...
Yoshidla, Y........
Yoshikawsv, ''.
Yoshinii, K.
Yoshimura, K.
*Yoshiiklu ,
......
Yoshioka, J.......
J.
(,....
Yastlioakl,
Yoshiyasl, 'I..
.67
76
31
63
58
30
34
61
42
41
69
34
30
57
76
76
30
71
Yuasa, Y.......... 67
Yuri, E............ 43
Yuya, K ........... 46
91
Total
GEOGRAPHICAL SUMMARY
States
No. of Inst.
Canada .... 3
19
California ......
Colorado .......
2
Connecticut ..... 4
Dist. of Col
I
Georgia .... 2
Hawaii ...1......
Illinois ...... .. 13
Indiana .... 7
Iowa ...
5
Kansas ......... 3
4
Kentucky .......
Louisiana ...... I
Maine ..... 3
Maryland ... 4
Massachuselts .. 20
Michigan ....... 6
2
Minnesota
......
Missouri ........
(
2
Nebraska ....
New Hampshire. 1
New Jersey
4
New York ... 15
N. Carolina ..... 2
N. 1)akota .......
1
Ohio ............ 14
Oklahoma
......
I
Oregon ... 0...5
17
Pennsylvania
1
Rhode Island ....
S. Carolina ......2
S. I)akota ....... 2
Tennessee ....... 3
Texas ..........
2
Utah ............
1
Virginia ... 4
4
Washington ....
W. Virginia .... I
4
Wisconsin
......
.....
Men
15
182
7
8
No. of
Womenl Sstates
16(i
39
22t
_
7
S
1
4
130
659
10)
1
4
118
59
9
13
3
8
I
12
1;
1
1
11
6
_
5r329
19)
7
6
6
72
36
4
15
7
29)
4
15
7
1
17
106
2
1
40
1
5
48
4
2
1,
4
2
4
8
_1.
4
_
1
22
3
17
128
5
1
46
6
_
2
3
_
1
1
7
_
51
4
2
2
5
2
13
4
77
I
:3
68
1
1
9
lfi
1
17
1
142
878
193
Duplicates ......................
...
Grand Total ...........
...
1,020
Wyoming
......
_
1
1
Total .........
95)
4
1,016
No. 1
The JAPAN TiMES 10 Sen SERIES
JAPAN'S POLICIES &
PACIFIC COMMERCE
BY
Baron K. MATSUI
JAPANESE MINISTER FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS
BEING AN ADDRESS BEFORE
THE ROTARY CLUB
OF TOKYO
ON
MONDAY, 18th February, 1924
AT
THE BANKERS' CLUB
TOKYO, JAPAN
Published by The Japan Times.
Tolryo, Japan
A SPEECH
By BARON MATSUI
At the Nineteenth Anniversary
OF
ROTARY CLUB
at the Bankers' Club, Tokyo, Japan,
February 18, 1924
Mr. Chairman, Excellencies, and
Gentlemen,
I was asked to speak to you this
evening on the value of the Rotary
ideal of service to the world. On that
subject directly and in particular, I
doubt if I have much to add to the
thoughts that must have been put
before you on other occasions; but, being
a non-Rotarian, I may have a different,
-if not a new,-point of view.
One of the several objects of your
association is "the achievement of
understanding, good-will, and peace"
among the nations "through a world
fellowship of business and professional
men." It seems to me that you could
hardly hope for a better time than the
1
present to serve that splendid cause, at
least in so far as what has been called
"The Region of the Pacific" is concerned.
About the Pacific Ocean
already a splendid and growing understanding prevails, one which cannot fail
to affect for better the relations of the
world. At the same time, men everywhere have come to realise the wisdom
of a policy of International cooperation
rather than one of rivalry. It is undoubtedly the case that, applying the
old adage of honesty being the best
policy, the wise nation, like the wise
business man, has come to see that its
best interests run in the same channel
as its best instincts.
It is difficult to realise, in this fastmoving age, how short a time ago it
was when powerful leaders of powerful
nations thought that to the strongest
belonged the right to grab the most.
Here in the Far East we have lasting
reason to know what that policy of
relentless competition meant It was
only a quarter of a century ago that
the flags and the forces of foreign
nations were following,-and sometimes
leading,-their traders and Investors
into the territory of our great neighbor
of the mainland. The scramble for concessions and the competitive drive for
trade owcerned our security as well an
it did that of our unfortunate neighbor.
The competition was generally called
impealalistic, and that term properly
described it, in so far as certain of the
staeasmen of that day influenced or led
their countries. But, In the minds of
ordinary men, the struggle was for
"business." It meant, they thought,
more foreign trade, the development of
homehindustry, the employment of more
labor at better wages, and altogether
better national prosperity, for their
partimular country. So the argument
for the aggressive policy had a distinct
appeal, and some of the ordinary men
of all, and many of the ordinary men
of some nations, permitted themselves
to be led, misled, into the false cause.
They followed without taking properly
into account the costs and the potential
dangers.
The spirit of commercial and imperialistic aggressions on the part of the
few, however, created among others the
necessity for defending their proper
interests. Indeed, as in our case, our
very security was menaced. We had
no alternative but to do our utmost.
with the support of other Powers holding the same views, to preserve our
neighbor from disunion and to stabilize
the peace of these regions.
While our effort checked and eliminated the more serious dangers from
competition in China, it did not strike
at the roots and destroy the idea,
established in age-old practice, that it
was necessary for nations unduly to
support their foreign trade with navies
and armies. In other parts of the world
similar practices continued. It was in
that otherwise splendid country, which
has given the world so much in thought
and science, that the idea that force
was a necessary concomitant for foreign
trade found its most ardent exponents
and its most general approval. Out of
the idea of competition, carried to the
extreme in Germany, came the Great
War with its calamity to the world.
The states of Europe, and even many
other parts of the world, are still suffering, and will have to endure grave
hardships for many decades, as a result
of that ghastly error.
But at least one valuable achievement
has come out of the War. The nations
have had an awakening. They hav&,
learned the lesson that war does not
pay, and, within certain limitations,
that armaments are wanton and are
even instruments that breed hostility.
They have learned that the business
OK,
A
that can be gained abroad does not
warrant what, in business phraseology,
is called the "overhead charges,"-that
is to say, the cost of armaments and the
maintenance of armed forces beyond
the necessities of their own security.
It was with a purged spirit and an
experienced common sense that the
nations most concerned in the peace
and prosperity of the Pacific Ocean
gathered two years ago at Washington. Agreement among the representatives of the several states was consequently easy to reach, and the treaties
The
were duly and readily ratified.
results of the Washington Conference
we all know. The great achievement,
the first of its kind the world has ever
known, was an agreement between the
principal naval Powers to limit the
construction of the only character
of vessel that can become aggressive. The Four Power Treaty pledged the government concerned to
enter into conference, discussion, and
adjustment over any issue that night
threaten to disturb their security in the
Pacific. Treaties and understand'4ngs
with regard to China were ag-reed UponI
and accepted by nine countries, givia2ll
a further added assurance iliat the old
I - evail
order of things shall not ag.
A
In her territory. These are incalculable
blessings to us Japanese; and no Government that would be likely to impair
the spirit, to say nothing of the letter,
of those treaties could endure in office
in our country.
The relations between the greater
Powers concerned in the Pacific are
now such that business men may have
confidence in foreign enterprises not
only for to-day but also for the
They may invest abroad as
future.
well as at home with assurance that
their efforts are less speculative, as
far as international affairs are concerned, than they have ever been in the
history of our ocean.
This is particularly a splendid assurance for Japan, for we, at the
present time, are In a stage of transition from a condition originally agricultural to one that is already largely
one of manufacturing, commerce, banking, and shipping. By our understandings with other Powers, we are freed
of anxiety lest the difficulties that may
come during our further transition may
be made harder to bear by the posWe
sibility of international conflict.
are happily at liberty to work out our
domestic readjustments without the
dangers ef serious foreign complica-
tions. And our foreign relations, being
thus substantially based, I think I am
not too sanguine in my belief that
while not ignoring our shortcomings or
overestimating our abilities, we may
look also with assurance to the overcoming of our domestic difficulties and
the solving of our economic problems.
Without boastfulness, I think I may
fairly say that we have character,
ability, and wisdom sufficient for our
needs, and that our measure of these
qualities has been recognized by foreign
nations. Everywhere we have friends.
No man who has seen what other
nations have done for us in our recent
catastrophe, spontaneously and without
design except to help us as fellowmen,
could deny those friendships.
It is not only the business side of
the matter,-the hard, callous, calculating side,-of human nature upon which
we can depend. The side of humanity
has had even a greater influence in
changing the thoughts of nations.
During the Great War the cry among
the soldiers in Europe was-"It shall
never happen again"; and the spirit
out of which that cry arose is not dead.
I am an optimist with regard to
humanity. I believe that, just as in
dealing individually as man to man,
I
so in dealing with other nations, the
more successful appeals are to the
better qualities. The greatest difficulty
is ignorance and suspicion. What men
do not know they are inclined to distrust; and suspicions can be easily
aroused at times by self-seeking individuals who pretend to have knowledge.
For example, it has been too frequently the case that concession
seekers from one powerful country or
another have gone into some undeveloped state and obtained rights for profitable enterprises, sometimes in conflict
with the interests or the rights of
nationals of other states; and unfair
appeals have been made to the prejudices of their own people with the
object of rallying support in behalf of
their private Interests. Too often such
concessionaires have obtained this support, and the result has been irritation
and counter irritation far beyond
justification and far beyond any general
national profit that could come out of
the enterprise. I am not speaking of
any particular case; I am speaking
only of the practice. Such practices
have been followed in the past In the
territories of North Africa, where we
have no interests whatever, and in
a
Atlantic
states
in
South
America,
where we have practically none. It is
not only in China that this sort of concessioneering has from time to time
developed and caused newspaper and
public rallyings of one nation against
another. Fortunately, the Governments
of the greater Powers have come to
realise,-as those of the lesser states
have long been compelled to see,-that
it is often unfair and generally unwise
to permit the interests of a single group
of their nationals in a foreign land to
disturb the friendship of their whole
country.
Please do not misunderstand me. I
do not mean to advocate the surrender
of any fair principle or fair concession
or fair business. On the contrary, I
think it would be an unwise policy for
any Government, our own or some other,
not to stand firmly in diplomatic support of its nationals in fair and honest
I
enterprises in a foreign country.
mean only to say that the old idea that
formerly prevailed with some nations,
that it was the duty of a Government
to support aggressive competition on the
part of its nationals, whether fair or
unfair, was not only an unjust but likewise an injurious policy.
The old
principle of justice is a wise one among
9
nations as well as among individual
business men.
With specific reference to Japan, what
my predecessors and the representative
of our country at Washington have said
is worthy of again repeating. In competition for trade and concessions for
developments that are necessary or
valuable in China, we have little to
fear from foreign rivalry. The field
of China is big enough for all foreign
investors and foreign business men. We
have not the financial capacity to supply
all the capital that China will require
for decades to come; nor have we the
commercial ability or resources to meet
all of China's needs. But we have the
advantage of the closest proximity; and
if we develop our own ability within
and among ourselves to meet the vast
requirements of our neighbor, our
rightful share of the trade to come cannot fail to come to us. And I believe
that in developing this trade, and for
the development of it, We cannot and
must not fail to achieve the confidence
and the friendship of the Chinese
people.
It Is, happily, a new era upon which
we are launched. The world is a wiser
place. Men realise that they can with
safety and even with profit let their
10
kindlier instincts have fuller play. The
development of the Rotary Club Is one
of the many evidences of this. You
gentlemen can proceed with your
splendid work of spreading knowledge
and promoting friendships with the
realization that this is no mean day of
distrust among nations of the Pacific.
One principle of the Rotary Club is
fair-dealing among business men. If the
Rotary Club of the respective nations
work for the extension of that principle
In International dealings;-seeking support from your respective governments
only for what is right and supporting
your respective governments only when
they are right,-your organization will
perform a worthy service in making to
endure the splendid peace that prevails
upon our ocean and In spreading that
peace over the tact of the world.
The JAPAN TIMES 10 Sen SERIES
National Am-ericaniss-n Commission
The American Legion
Te Oriental
Question
..................... ........................... .......
..........~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Report Presented by the nto
Oriental Committee to, the
NATIONAL CONVENTION OF 1922
And Unanimously Adopted
Garland W. Pnw-II, D;-ectfor. 1923
RESOLUTIONS Ai)OPTElFD AT 1922 ANNUAL
CONVENTIO'N, AM IRICAIN LEGION
Resolution No. 2 of Sulb-Title, "Ininigration,"
offered in the Report of the National Americanisma Cornmnissi-ii of the Arnerican Legion,
1922, and unanii,ow sly adapted by the National
Convax atin:
'VIUlREAS, 'Th e Nati in al Oriental Committee
of the American I,lgion. 'Plos. N. Swale, Chairrman, h as rendered a, valuabtle service in the
collection aii(1d collation (if data on the danger
from the inflml. of the Orien tal into tl, United
States, compiled in a. formal report;
RESOIVED, by the Amnerican Legion, in National Convention assenlled, That said report
be transmitted to the Nationial Legislative Comnmittee of the Amnerican legion for use before
the Congress of thle United States in urging
laws consistent xxvith the facts set forth and
the recomarenrdatirijs contained in said report;
FUIITIIEP iRESOLVED. That tlis Convention
urge the enactirreir t, without delay, of laws, and
the negotiation of tIreat i.s if required, for the
permarnent ex, Iusirln as irninigrants or pernianent residents of tire United States of al,
persons ineligible under the laxxs thereof to
citizenship.
Part of Resolution No. 3 of Sub-Title, "Imm-ligration," offered in the. Report of the National
Americaraisn Conmniss.loni of the Ainerriear Legion, 1922, and unzanimn'nusly adopted hy the
National Conventior:
RESOLVEID, That Congress be urged to permanently deny admission hereafter, as immnigrants oc permanent residents, to all aliens wiro
are ineligible to citizenship tinder the laxws of
thell United States.
INDEX TO FEATURES OFR EPORT
The following! reference indicates the subjects
touched upon in the report of the Committee
on the Oriental Question to the annual convention of the American Legion, 1922, and the
respective pages upon which the various subJects are discussed.
The Oriental Question in the United States
has becorne really the Japanese Question. It
should be named so frankly ............l'age
Sources of information for the report-all
official ................P............. Page
Japanese Population iii United States.
In Hawaii in 1920 Japanese constituted
43wy, of the total population-109,274.
ln California, estimates run from 83,000
to 109,00, U. S. Census of 1920 showx ing
71,952, clearly wrong.
Census figures for other Pacific Coast
States ....
Page
Juinaese Ikmnigration-Official reports of
totals for the years 1899 to 1922 ....... Page
The Gentleinenl's Ag reeumen t.
Secret-its specific, tcrins never riade
pub lic.
1President ioosevelt. by wlhoin it was
inadle, declares its intent was: to prevent increase in the ULnited States of Japanese
population, leca use of its unassimilable
chai'acter.
Japan agreed to ii rather than have an
exclusion act passed.
It xvorked satisfactorily at first, decreasing the Japanese population by 2,000 in 6
months.
Rtoosevelt assured the Califomnia Legislature in 1909 that should the agreement
not continue to wvork satisfactorily, the U. S.
joverriniieint had reserved under it the right
to 1ass anm exclusion act.
5
5
6
7
California accepted Roosevelt's assurance
and abandoned her program of separate
schools for the Japanese.
SUisequiently, the treaty mimade by President Taft in 1911 surrendered to Japan the
safeguard created by Roosevelt ........ Page 7-9
TIhe Geatieiinen's Agreement Has l'laed to
accomlllplish its announced pulpose.
It has permitted the entrance of a large
number of immigrants.
Under its operation, the Japanese population in Hawaii aiid in Continental United
States, and particularly in California, has
greatly increased.
Mammy Japanese came in as students and
remained as permanent residents.
Parents and children of residents came
and sent for others.
Japanese who had no wives secured pic-3-
ture brides, each of which founded a family
of American-born Japanese .......... Pages 10-11
Japanese Women Ilmmigrants.
Picture brides and Kankodan brides.
Japan officially assists the Kankodan
bride plan.
34,000 Japanese women have been admitted under the Gentlemen's Agreementall to become wives and produce families.Page 12
Japanese Birth Statistics
Annual births in California increased from
134 in 1906 to 5275 in 1921.
In Seattle in 1921, the Japanese furnished
one-eighth of the total births ....... Pages 12-123
Land and Other Holdings.
Japanese control one-eighth of the total
ir ri heated la nld of (Ialiforn ia.
Holdings in other Coast States and Far
Western States.
Japanese are not pioneers-they take only
rich lands.
Methods in securing control.
In Seattle, Japanese have 1462 business
elnerprises in 65 different lines ..... Pages 13-17
Japanese Securing Control of California
Fisheries .. . ............
............. Page
18
Japanese Voters-Japanese born as American citizens will in tiire constitute a majority of registered voters in Ilawaii.Pages 18-21
Solidarity of Japanese, whether foreign
orb Amierican -born .................
Page 22
Maintaining_- at Gov ernaneit Within a Goveranfient ...
Page 23
'Uie Anieriean-Born Japanese, registering
as American citizens and demanding rights
as such, are foIrced by Japan to perform
all obligations of Japanese citizenship. Page 24
The Local Japannese Lang nage Schools and
Education of the 3 young Japanese (American-b)orn) iln Japan, and the results.Pages 26-27
Japanese V'iews on Intermarriage. .Pages 28-29
Extracts From Japanese Newspapers, and
statements of prominent Japanese indicating
the lack of desire on the part of Japanese
to submerge their racial identity in Arnerican citizenship ................. Pages 30-33
Efforts at Resistance by Western
States .
Page 34
National Legislation and Government
Action .
Page 35
Japanese.P'enetration In Various
Slates .
Pages 37-38
Recommendations of the Commnittee
The American Legion has sufficiently Indicated its firm purpose by resolutions of
National Conventions. Action is now demanded. Demand for passage of law by
Congress excluding from permanent residence hereafter all aliens ineligible to
.
citizenship
Page 39
.................
.............................
............................
.....
..........
-4-
Report
TO THE 1922 NATIONAL CONVENTION OF THE
AMERICAN LEGION, NEW ORLEANS, LA.
The national committee appointed to investigate and report upon the Oriental question respectfully reports as follows:
Subject of Inquiry Should be Specifically
Designated As the Japanese
Question.
At the outset it is thought worthy of remark
that the only remaining Oriental question is the
Japanese question. Chinese immigration was
terminated more than thirty years ago by the
several Chinese exclusion acts, and practically
all other Asiatics except Russians were excluded by the act of February 5, 1917, which
created the so-called Asiatic Barred Zone. Japanese immigration alone constitutes a problem
for this country. Nothing is to be gained by refusing to discuss the Japanese question frankly.
The solicitude for Japanese sensibilities which
has dominated our handling of this question in
the past has been harmful rather than beneficial.
As Lord Northcliffe said a few, months before
his death: "We are all too anxious to please the
Japanese; too much afraid to hurt their feelings.
We cater to their whims and we give in to their
least desires. We decry and make fun of those
who point out to us our danger."
The first essential to a frank discussion is to
call the subject by its right name; and we therefore recommend that in future this committee,
if continued in existence, be designated the committee on the Japanese question.
Sources of Information.
This report, while In considerable measure
based on personal investigation and the familiarity of the members of the committee with the
subject matter, is in the main based on infornmation drawn from official sources. Among these
are 'the reports of the several 'hearings conducted by the Committee on Immigration and
Naturalization of the House of Representatives:
the first on the so-called Gulick plan in June
and September, 1919; the second a series of
hearings on the Japanese question held on the
-5-
Pacific Coast in the summer of 1920; the third
a series of ]hearings on the Hawaiian labor
situation held in the summer of 1921; and the
fourth in connection with the hearings relative
to the extension or amendment of the so-called
Three per cent law held during the winter of
1921-22. This report has also drawn freely from
the report of the California State Board of Control, from Mr. Frantik Davey's report to Governor
Olcott of Oregon, from the census reports, and
from the various reports of the Commissioner
General of Immigration.
Nvnibhers of Ja penese ll Continental United
States and Hawaii.
The United States census reports state that
there were 24.788 Japanese in continental Unitto
States in 1900: 67,744 in 1910; and 111,010 in
1920; and that there were 61,111 in Hawaii in
1900; 79,675 in 1910; and 109,274, or 4° per cent
of the total population of the islands, in 1920.
Thesec figures, at least for continental United
States, are generally conceded to be much below
the actual nunbers. In 1920 the census gave
California 71,952 Japanese. A count taken in
1919 by the Japanese associations of that state
showed 83.699 of whom 5,000 were temporarily in
Japan, while a calculation made by the State
Beard of Control placed the number at 87,000.
The Registrar of Vital Statistics estimated the
number at 109.000). 1\r. V. S. McClatchy of The
Sacramento 1ee argues very convincingly that
the numler is at least 100,000. Accepting the
figures of 83,628 given out by the Japanese associations and applying the ratio of excess to
the census figures for the entire country, the
result is 132,000 for continental Utuited States.
w hiblo correspon(1s closely with the estimate ot
130.000 submitted by the lapanese Association
of America at the Congressional hearing on the
Gulick bill in 1919.
By far the greater part of the Japanese In
continental United States are located In the
Rocky Mountain and Pacific Coast regions. According to the census of 1920 there are 71,952 In
California; 17,387 In Washington; 4,151 In
Oregon; 1,074 In Montana; 1,569 in Idaho; 1,194 In
WIyorming: 2_464 in Colorado: 251 in Nowl Moxloo;
550 in Arizona; 2,936 in Utah; 754 in Nevada; 804
in Nebraska; and 449 in Texas. New York Is
stated to have 2,(86 and Illinois 472.
Figures of Japanese Immigration.
The report of the Commissioner General of Immigration for 1921 (p. 105) gives the numbers
of Japanese "immigrants" entering the United
States and Hawaii by years as follows: the figure for 1922 was furnished by the Commissioner
in adv ance of his report. All figures are for the
year ending June 30. "Irninigrants" are presumably distinguished from travelers or other
temriporary sojourners.
1899. 31395 1905. 11,021 1911.4,575 1917. 8,925
1n900.12,628 19 06.14,243 1912.6,172 1918.10,168
1901. 5,249 1907.30,824 1913.8,302 1919.10,056
1902. 14,455 1908.16,418 1914.8,941 1920. 9,279
1903.20,041 1909. 3,275 1915.8,609 1921. 7,531
1904.14,382 1910. 2,798 1916.8,711 1922, 6,361
Total .. 246,359
From a letter of the Commissioner General of
Immigration introduced at the hearing on the
Gulick bill segregating the figures for a portion
of the t-ars above mentioned, it would seem
that for (lie period since the so-called gentlemen s agreeinent became effective in 1909 about
tho-thiuds of the Japanese immigration has
come to (scontinental United States and one-third
to Hawaii.
'Ihe "Gentlemen's Agreement."P
In 1907, when the number of immigrants
reached the record figure of 30,824, President
Roosevelt became convinced of the necessity for
putting a stop to Japanese immigration, but out
of consideration for Japanese sensibilities refrained fromn uirging upon Congress the enactment of an exclusion law on the undertaking of
the Japanese government to withhold passports
from all persons intending permanent residence
in this country. This "gentlemen's agreement'
was not submitted to nor ratified by the Senate
as a treaty, nor was it even reduced to a single
document, and the correspondence by which It
Is evidenced is not disclosable by the State Department 'without the consent of the Japanese
government. Consequently it is necessary to ac-
I
:-s to its,ros iSiIi.
Set iola1 I videoo
The report of the Commniissioner (General oIf
Immigration for 1908 states that the agreement
contemplated that the Japanese government
should issue passports to continental Unitea
States to such of Its subjects only as were nonlaborers, or laborers seeking to resume a formerly acquired domicile, to join a parent, wife or
children residing there, or to assume active control of an already possessed interest in a farming enterprise in this country.
More explicit statements of the terms of the
agreement are to be found in the writings of
President Roosevelt. Writing under date of
February 4, 1909, to the Hon. William Kent,
Congressman from California, he said:
"My dear Kent: Let the arrangement between
Japan and the United States be entirely reciprocal. Let the Japanese and Americans visit
one another's countries with entire freedom as
tourists, scholars, professors, sojourners for study
or pleasure or for purposes of international
business, but keep out laborers, men who want
to take up farms, men who want to go into the
small trades, or even in professions where the
work is of a non-international character; that is,
keep out of Japan those Americans who wish to
settle and become part of the resident working
population, and keep out of America those Japanese who wish to adopt a similar attitude. This
is the only wise and proper policy.
"It is merely a recognition of the fact that, in
the present stages of social advancement of the
two peoples, whatever may be the case in the
future, it is not only undesirable, but impossible
that there should be intermingling on a large
scale, and the effort is sure to bring disaster. Let
each country also behave with scrupulous courtesy, fairness and consideration to the other."
Under date of February 8, 1909, President
Roosevelt sent the following telegram to the
Hon. P. A. Stanton, Speaker of the California
cepi
Assembly:
"The policy aims at mutuality of obligation
and behavior. In accordance with it the purpose
is that the Japanese shall come here exactly as
Americans go to Japan, which is in effect that
travelers, students, persons enga red in international business, men who sojourn for pleasure or
study, and the like, shall have the freest access
from one country to the other. nvld shill t0, S]-,o
of the best treatment, but that there shall be no
settlement en masse of the people of either coun* * *
try In the other.
"If in the next year or two the figures of immigration prove that the arrangement which has
_-I
worked so successfully during the last six
months is no longer working successfully, then
there would be ground for grievance and for the
reversal by the National Government of its
present policy."
Both the foregoing statements were made
while the California, legislature was debating the
enactment of a law segregating Japanese students from the American children in the public
schools, and it was on the strength of the assurance contained therein that the legislature refrained from enacting the law. President Roosevelt, conscious of the importance of his words,
undoubtedly wrote with scrupulous care as to
their accuracy. There was little chance of his
recollection being at fault for he wrote within
a few months of the consummation of the agreement.
Writing at a later date he confirmed his former statements. In his autobiography he says:
"There has always been a strong feeling in
California against the immigration of Asiatic
laborers, whether these are wage earners or men
who occupy and till the soil. I believe this to be
fundamentally a sound and proper attitude, an
attitude which must be insisted upon. * * I
The people of California were right in insisting
that the Japanese should not come thither in
mass, that there should be no influx of laborers,
of agricultural workers, or small tradesmen; in
short, no mass settlement or immigration. * * *
"It is eminently undesirable that Japanese and
Americans should attempt to live together in
masses; any such attempt would be sure to result disastrously, and the far-seeing statesmen
of both countries should join to prevent it. * * I
Wise statesmen, looking to the future, will for
the present endeavor to keep the two nations
from mass contact and intermingling, precisely
because they wish to keep each in relations of
permanent good will and friendship with the
other. I * I *
"I secured an arrangement with Japan under
which the Japanese themselves prevented any
immigration to our country of their laborers, it
being distinctly understood that if there was
such emigration the United States would at once
pass an exclusion law."
The Rev. Sidney L. Gulick, author of the socalled Gulick or "percentage" plan for the restriction of immigration, and an ardent friend
of the Japanese, in a pamphlet entitled "The New
Japanese Agitation-1920," says:
"Californians w e r e demanding that the
Chinese exclusion laws be applied to the Japanese. Japan wished to avoid the humiliation of
-9-
such an action, and accordingly made an arrangement with the United States to stop all
This is known as the
new labor immigration.
Gentlemen's Agreenment."
In a word, the "gentlemen's agreement," as
Mr. Gulick makes plain, was intended to have
all the effectiveness in terminating Japanese
Immigration that the Chinese exclusion laws had
shown in terminating Chinese immigration. And,
as stated repeatedly by President Roosevelt, it
was to be superseded by an exclusion law whenever and as soon as experience proved it to be
ineffective to achieve the results intended for it.
Non-Ohbervance of Ibe "Gentlemen's
Agreenment."
Reverting to the figures by years of Japanese
immigration, it will be seen that since the
"gentlemen's agreement" Nvent into effect in 1909
a total of 104,703 Japanese immigrants have entered continental ITnited States and Hawaii. In
addition to these, 16.418 came in during the year
ending June 30, 1908. the interval between the
conclusion of the agreement and the date of its
going into effect. During this period the number
of Japanese in continental United States as Indicated by the census reports increased 43,26f,
between 1910 and 1920, wthile the number of
Japanese in the Hawaiian Islands increased 29,599 during the same period.
By contrast, the Chinese population of continental United States under the Chinese exclusion
laws decreased from 71.531 in 1910 to 6,1639 in
1920, according to the U. S. Census reports.
The question naturally arises as to how this
seemingly anomalous conditions relative to the
Japanese has comne about.
In the mlliin the results in question have been
achieved by the use of three fictions, which
though plainly violative of the spirit and purpose of the gentlemen'ss agreementt" have furnished the JapanreFse a basis for the contention
that they' have adhered to the letter of the
agreement.
The first of these fictions has been the designation of persons as "students" who came to this
country with no thought but that of making It
their permanent home, and whose studies on arriving were limited to acquiring the English
langimase and frmiliarizlng thernmelvo with
-10--
American usages. These "students" spent a few
weeks in American schools, then disappeared to
accept employment and later to show up as the
proprietors of various business enterprises or as
the owners or lessees of farms.
A second fiction was that of designating persors as "parents" or as "children" of former
residents who were such only by adoption contracted for the express purpose of qualifying
them to come to this country under the provisions of the "gentlemen's agreement." Under this
arrangement no limit has been placed on the
number of "children" a former resident might
adopt, nor, indeed, is it believed the privilege of
adoption has been limited to former residents.
Apparently, new arrivals have been regarded as
having the right to bring in adopted parents or
children of their own, even going so far, when
necessary, as to renounce the adoption under
which they themselves had entered.
A third fiction has been that of designating as
"wives" of former residents women whose claim
to the title was derived through the formality
of accepting as her husband a man in this country, usually though not always employing a
photograph of the absent husband to symbolize
his presence.
The report of the California Board of Control
states that 5,749 of these "picture brides" came
In at the port of San Francisco between July 1,
1911, and February 29, 1920, -n hen the issuance
of passports to them was discontinued by the
Japanese government on the request of the government of the United States.
Since the last mentioned date the "picture
bride" has been superseded by the "Kankodan
or Excursion Bride." A Japanese man In this
country must now go to Japan to obtain a wife,
but an association of wealthy Japanese has
brought about a system of low excursion rates
and the Japanese government has co-operated
by suspending the military service law so as to
allow him to stay 90 days in Japan instead of 30
without being liable to military duty where he
comes for a wife and not for business or pleasure. During the year ending September 1, 1921,
there came In through the ports of Seattle and
-1 1-
lie v Japatnese a ites undcr
Sauit F'ra'iscui .l'2,1
the Kankodan or excursion arrangement.
Japanese Women Immigrants.
Not all the women who have come to this
country from Japan have been included in the
"picture bride" or "excursion bride" categories.
A letter from the Commissioner General of Immigration introduced during the hearing on the
Gulick bill states that during the eight years
between 1912 and 1919, inclusive, 21,788 "Married
females" entered continental United States
from Japan, an average of 2,723 each year.
The immigration reports do for the subsequent years not segregate between women entering continental United States and those entering Hawaii, but assuming only 2,000 a year for
1920, 1921 and 1922, and a like figure for 1909,
1910 and 1911, or 1]2,000 for those six years, a
total of nearly 34,000 wMomen have entered the
United States proper since the "gentlemen's
agreement" was consummated.
In consequence of this heavy influx of women,
the 1920 census report shows that whereas in
1910 there were only 9,087 Japanese females in
continental United States as against 63,070 males,
in 1920 there were 38,303 females as against 72,707 males.
In the last analysis it is the presence of the
Japanese women that presents the most formidable aspect of the Japanese question. Except for
these women the problem would be settled by
the enactment of an exclusion law and the dying
off or return to Japan of the men now here, as
has taken place with the Chinese. The women
make the Japanese problem a permanent one.
Japanese Birth Statisties.
The result of the coming of these Japanese
women is to be seen in the birth statistics of
the states bordering on the Pacific Ocean. A
report compiled by Mr. L. E. Ross, the State
Registrar of Vital Statistics of California gives
the number of Japanese births in that state, beginning with 1906, as follows:
1906. .134 1910.. 719 1914. .2,874 1918.. 4,218
1907. . 221 1911.. 995 1915 ..3,342 1919.. 4,458
1908. . 455 1912. .1,467 1916 ..3,721 1920.. 4,971
1909. .682 1913. .2,215 1917 ..4,108 1921.. 5,275
Total ..... 39,865
-12-
In the State of Washington the records of
Japanese births were combined with those for
the Chinese for the years 1910 to 1917, inclusive,
the number of Chinese births being inconsequential. They are quoted in Mr. Matsumi's
statement filed with the Congressional coulrnittee of 1920, as follows:
For the State. For Seattle.
1910 ................
162
234
1911 .......................... 312
188
1912 .........................
252
1913 .......................... 497
297
1914
.
670
389
1915 .......................... 707
403
1916 .......................... 789
424
1917 .......................... 849
437
Records were not kept for the succeeding
years until 1920, when the Japanese births in
Seattle were shown to have been 730 out of a
total of 6,208, or one in every 8.5 births. In 1921
the Japanese births in Seattle were 743 out of a
total of 5,71]6. or one in every 7.6 births. The
total Japanese births in the State of Washirgton
for 1921 were 1,277 out of a total of 27,567 births.
In 1921 there were 1,017 Japanese children in the
Seattle grade schools and 83 in the high schools.
For the State of Oregon a statement filed with
the Congressional Investigating Committee of
1920 by Mr. T. Abe, President of the Japanese
Association of Oregon, shows, without giving the
source of the information, that the Japanese
births in that state for the preceding five years
had been as follows:
1915 .................
142
1916 ........................ 109
1917 ........................1 98
1918 ........................ 168
1919 ........................ 190
In Hawaii, as shown by the census of 1920,
there are 49,016 Japanese entitled to American
citizenship by virtue of having been born in the
Islands.
Agricultural Land Holdings and Crop Valueu.
The report of the California Board of Control
shows that 458,056 acres out of a total of 3,893,500 acres of irrigated lands in that state are
held by JapaneseN, ho therefore own or control
.........
.....
...................
......
-I3-
approximately one-eighth of the state's most
productive agricultural lands. The Japanese
Agricultural Association of California states that
in 1909 the Japanese held 83,252 acres and In
1919, 427,029, a gain of 413 per cent in ten years.
During the same period the value of the crops
raised in that state by the Japanese rose from
$6,235,856 to $67,145,730, an Increase of 977 per
cent.
The report of an Investigation conducted In
the state of Oregon in 1920 under the directions
of Governor Ben W. Olcott of that state states
that at the date of the report the Japanese In
that state owned 2.185 acres and leased 7,911
acres. The total value of the crops raised by
Japanese in 1919 was $700,000, and the amount
invested by them In land, stock and equipment
was $638,000. Of the lands controlled by Japanese nine-tenths are devoted to vegetables and
berries.
For the state of Washington a statement filed
with the Congrcessional committee in 1920 by Mr.
D. Matsumii, President of the United North
American Japanese Associations g i v e s the
total acreage under Japanese control in the
state of Washington as 16,060, of which 6,733
acres lie in Yakima and Kittitas Counties, a
highly productive irrigated region In the central part of t he state, and 3,801 acres in
the alluvial bottom lands of King County
bordering on Puget Sound. Japanese dairymen are shonn by the statement to have
produced 4,047,547 gallons of milk, mainly In
King County whare they produced approximately
one-third of the total. In an article published in
a special 192P1 New Year's edition of the Japanese
"Great Northern Doily Newss" Mr. Matsurni
states that nt that date the Japanese occupied
20,500 acre<; in the state, and that in King
County the:, produced 70 per cent of the garden
truck and veggetables, 50 per cent of the small
fruits and berries and about 32 per cent of the
dairy produces.
In Idaho the Japanese are to be found
chiefly in the irrigated farm lands of the Snake
River Valley. In Colorado they virtually control
the Rocky Ford melon country. In Nebraska
-14-
they are chiefly engaged in sugar beet raising
In the western end of the state.
Alm-iost without exception the Japanese are to
be found on the most fertile grades of land. Ex-'
cept occasionally in reclaiming swamp land giving promise of high productivity, they have done
little pioneering. The claim sometimes made for
them that they nave cleared the stumps from
logged-off land has no foundation in the state
of Washington, where this work has been and
is being done entirely by white settlers, and Is
believed to have little foundation elsewhere.
Japanese Methods for Acquiring Control of
Agricultural Land.
The swiftness with which in a period of less
than fifteen years these extensive land holdings
have been acquired by the Japanese prompts
inquiry into the methods by w hich results of
such a startling nature have been achieved.
Nothing that has come to the attention of this
committeee will better serve to describe these
methods than an appeal sent out to their comrades by veterans living on the Yakima Indian
Reservation in the state of Washington. This
appeal w as largely responsible for the enactment of the Washington alien land law of 1921
and later for the primulgation of a ruling by the
lion. Albert B. Fall, Secretary of the Interior,
discontinuing the former practice of leasing indian lands to Japanese. The appeal reads: "TO
TLIE VETERANS OF THE STATE OF WASH-
ING TON:
"We, the veterans of the Yakima Indian Reservation, ask you to get behind Initiative Measure
Number 37 and put it over.
"Do you realize the situation in the Yakima
Valley? It is getting desperate. Here are the
facts.
"roday the Japs are leasing the best land on
thle Yakinia Indian reservation. They are able
to do this by the following procedure: They go
to the Indian and give him anywhere from fifty
to one hundred dollars as a bonus. They give
the Indian agents presents and valuable presents
every year. Then they will offer as rent a
higher rental than a white man can pay. For
example, if the white man can pay twenty dollars per acre per year the Jap will offer from
thirty to fifty dollars per year. (Figure it up on
an eighty acre farm.)
"When the Jap needs bondsmen, who must be
a citizen, he first gives the prospective bonds-
-15-
man expensive presents and then gives him one
or two hundred dollars for going on the bond,
and in that way is always able to find renegade
white men to fit into their scheme of things.
"Japs on this reservation have gone broke this
year, lots of them, but from some place comes
enough money to tide them over. And those who
cannot get the money simply disappear and a
new Jap appears to take his place, M itih a bill
of sale from the former .Jap) and the former
Jap's creditors go hang. While if a white man
goes broke, he is broke and there is no organization to finance him over the set-backs, and he
cannot disappear.
"The Jap lives in a, hovel. His women folk
work in the fields, and they have been seen in
the fields working with children strapped to
their backs, and in baby carriages, which a white
man would not allow his wife or daughter to do.
"The Jap is buying property, taking the title
either in his American-born child's name, or in
the name of a renegade white man who holds for
the Jap.
"Each month sees mpre Japs on the reservation, both by birth and by immigration. The Jap
breeds faster than any other element in the
American nation. Where the ones come from
who come from the outside we do not know, but
the fact remains, they come.
"We are rapidly approaching the following
condition: Either the Jap leaves, or the white
man will have to leave. WXe are fighting as hard
as we can. WHAT ARE YOIJ GOING TO DO?"
While the foregoing docunient describes many
of the methods employed by the Japanese in outbidding Americans for the lease of farm properties, it does not state all the methods to which
they have resorted in order to bring pressure
upon Americans to lease or sell to them.
A favorite method of acconiplishing this end,
as shown by the 1920 Congressional investigation, has been for Japanese harvesting crews to
stop work in the midst of the harvest, then
when the crop is about to spoil to return and
contract for the crop and ultimately to obtain
a lease of the farm or orchard. Again Japanese
farm hands have been known to employ various form's of sabotage in order to discourage
their employers and drive them to lease to them.
Japanese farmers have been known to move entire crops from one neighboring farm to another
under cover of darkness in order to take advantage of the better prices obtained by their neighbors. They haxre induced Americans in many
instances to lease to them by obtaining proper-
ties surrounding the coveted tract and subjecting the owner to a systematic course of petty
annoyances. When considerable colonies of Japanese have succeeded in establishing themselves
in particular localities the remainin)g Amnericans
have often moved out and leased their farms to
Japanese out of disgust with the conditions
under which they found themselves; particularly
that of having to send their children to schools
where the majority of the students were Japanese.
The Japanese In the Cities.
The activities of the Japanese have not been
confined to agriculture. In all the cities of the
Pacific Coast they are to be found engaged in
nearly every conceivable line of commercial enterprise. During the course of his testimony before the Congressional investigating committee
at its Seattle sessions in 1921) Mr. Mlatsunli submitted a statement showing the principal lines
of business in which Japanese were engaged in
that city as follows:
Hotels and Apartments................... 338
.
.70
Barber Shops
. . 48
Dyeing and Cleaning Works
.
.
80
Grocery Stores
75
General Merchandise Stores. .
.
.
38
Restaurants
29
.45
12
27
Transfers.:.
..............
A statement covering the same subject prepared in the office of the Seattle Fire Marshal
was also filed with the committee varying
slightly from Mr' M.Tatsumi's statement but including numerous other lines of industry and
showing a total of 1,462 Japanese engaged in 65
different lines of business.
The report submitted by Mr. Frank Davey to
Governor Olcott of Oregon says:
"The Japanese are becoming a noticeable factor in the business life of Portland, being interested in various lines, from card rooms to some
of the heaviest of legitimate business enterprises. From reliable sources I learned that 90
per cent of the smaller hotels and lodging houses
are now in their hands and that they are gradually extending their operations in various
brarwhos of tinde.'
Tailors.
Second Hand Stores
Laundries . ..
.
Japanese ia the California Fisheries.
According to the report of the California
Board of Control there were 1,316 Japanese engaged in fishing off the coast of that state In
1920, or 28 per cent of the total operating 355 out
of 796 boats. The states of Oregon and Washlngton have laws forbidding any but citizens of
the United States to fish in their w aters, and a
similar federal statute of 1916 applies to Alaska.
In 1905 some Japanese fishermen appeared off
the Alaska coast whereupon President Roosevelt
sent two revenue cutters to the scene. The Japanese fishermen were imprisoned, their boats
confiscated and the dwellings which they had
erected on shore destroyed. Since then no attempt has been made by Japanese to fish In
Alaskan waters. President Roosevelt's action
was taken under authority of the federal navigation laws which required all vessels in the
coastwise trade or fisheries to be licensed and
provided that licenses should issue only where
the master and owner of Ihe vessel were American citizens. Federal officers have been requested to invoke this law to stop the Japanese from
fishing in California but as yet no attempt has
been made to do so.
Japanese Sitlation In the Iltawaiinn Islands.
Owing to its climate and crops Hawaii has for
many years had a large demand for plantation
labor which has been in great measure supplied
by Japanese who attained formidable numbers
in the islands long before they became a source
of concern on the Pacific Coast.
According to the census report the Japarlese
in the Hawaiian Islands in 1920 numbered 109,274
or 43 per cent of the total population of 255,912.
Of these 49,010 were born in the Islands and are
presumably endowed with all the rights of
American citizenship, including the right to
travel from the islands to continental United
States and take up their domicile there, to own
land, and on coming of age to vote, either In the
Islands or on the mainland.
Of these 49,010 Hawaiian-born Japanese there
were on January 1, 1920, 6,095 of the ages of 18,
19, 20 and 21 years, practically all of whom are
of voting age at the date of this writing.
As yet the control of the land is in American
_18-
hands, but In 1920 an extensive strike occurred
among the Japanese field hands bearing strong
evidence of a concerted plan to compel the land
owners to yield the control of the land to the
Japanese. This resulted in the sending by the
Hawaiian legislature of a delegation to ask
Congress for legislation permitting the bringing
In under bond of a limited number of aliens of
other nationalities. Out of two printed volumes
of testimony we give the following condensed
statement of the salient points brought forth:
"A general cause of the shortage, which has
recently become acute, is the fact that the Japanese, who constitute more than 60 per cent of
the labor, have ceased to appreciate the opportunities given them as individuals and now aim
collectively to revolutionize the control of agricultural industries to the end that Japanese
capital acquire substantial planting interests for
itself, instead of merely contributing the labor
for those interests under American control. The
Japanese now has money he never had before
and has determined to use that money and the
strength of his numbers to leas e the established
industries without necessary lator and enter
into competition on his oxwxn account w ith these
established industries or actually acqluir e them.
"Furnishing normally at least 60 per cent of
the required labor supply of the Terrlitory, the
Japanese are in a position A here, by failing or
refusing further to provide that labor supply,
they can dictate to, if not actually secure control of. the established industriies. Since political
control of the Territory cannot be divorced from
the control of its essential industries, Japanese
acquisition of the latter must surely be followed
by their possession of the former.
"With funds in amounts never before possessed
by them, the Japanese, who think and act collectively, are provided with capital for their collective use in acquiring control of industries at
present owned and controlled by Americans.
That they intend to secure such control is
demonstrated not only by their disinclination or
actual refusal to be employed by Americancontrolled industries but also by their several
specific attempts to purchase the control of
some of these industries.
"Within the past several months, Japanese or
persons representing them have made two actual offers to purchase outright, or to purchase
the control of one of the largest sugar companies in the Territory. The Japanese purpose
to secure control of established industries, or to
make continued American control difficult and
expensive, can also be recognized in such an
incident as the one in which Japanese interests
recently bid, at public auction, for a site and
right of way adjacent to a plantation. Except-
_19-
trig only the plantation to which it was essential, this right of wxay was practically useless to
anyone who might acquire it; but, despite this
fact, the Japanese interests present at the auction, by bidding, raised the final sale price to
$36,500, although the appraised valuation of the
property was only $14,000.
"Under the present conditions efficient or
profitable operation of existing Amnerican organizationIs is imIIpossible. SbtH a Con(ditioln must
inevitably firing the p]lInter to the point where
he must sell his organization to any availaI)le
buyer. Sale either before or after failure must
be made to the people who control the majority
of the available field labor; arnd, considering this
fact, it is at once apparent that there could he
no purchasers except Japanese. When this point
has been reached and such a sale of Americancontrolled industries is forced by the shortage
of field labor, further American control ceases
and Japanese control of the Territory's industries begins.
"Considering the fact that the prosperity of
the entire Territory as a Commonwealth is based
on the sugar and pineapple industries, it soon
becomes evident that political control must be
vested in those who control these two large and
essential agricultural industries.
"As a matter of practice, the Japanese have
banked with the Japanese banks for years, and
the Japanese banks have made their investments
in Japan. There was $17,000,000 sent home to
Japan in 1920. The first indication we had of
any disposition on the part of Japanese capital
to come to Hawaii in large amounts was about
a year ago when an effort was made to purchase the control of one of the plantations. The
amount involved was two or three million dollars.
"The approach came from the Japanese, the
idea being that they wished to show a vested
interest in the country, to be one with us and
so on. We did not entertain it, believing that if
the start was made, the entering wedge driven
home, it would be only a question of time until
the control of our industry would pass into alien
hands, just as surely as the potato and strawberry business of California have passed into
control of these people.
"There seems to be an agreement between
those in California and Hawaii, and the policy
which has been worked out in California will be
worked out in Hawaii.
"The strike was exclusively Japanese. The national lines were drawn as clean as a razor cut.
The experience they are having in California is
repeated in Hawaii. A great many of us have
believed that by exerting a different attitude
toward the Japanese, the results would be favorable to the intermingling of the two nations,
and eventually the bringing of them into the
full American spirit. T xxWas one of those who
-
(i
believed that there were so many well educated
prominent Japanese in Hawaii who had bettered
their condition in every way after coming under
American influences and ideas that if it came
to a strike we could rely upon the prominent
business and professional men to take the matter up with us and work out a proper solution.
For six months it was absolutely impossible to
get any one of them to cone out and take the
stand, through the Japanese press or through
public meetings, that the strike was wrong.
They did not have the courage to face the Japanese community w hich was completely in sympathy with backing up those of their own nationality.
"Some of the very worst agitators among the
Japanese strikers were American-born Japanese
young men. In many instances they were the
heads of the unions, and we had good reason to
believe that they were the ones who were firing
the fields. They would go along, apparently, in
automobiles with bombs and throw them into
the fields. We had very serious fires. For a
while we had a fire every night.
"We knew that they had in their organization
an assassins' corps, a's they called it, composed
of men from the different districts of Japan.
These districts had representatives in this
assassins' corps. and it was their business to
beat up people, burn their houses, kill them, or
do anything they could to discourage anybody
who attempted to go back to work. They would
hold up automobiles at any time of night and
flash lights in the cars. They had their organization trained as perfectly as any army. They
had sergeants, captains and all the grades. They
had their majors and battalion commanders and
their major generals in Honolulu.
"I have had to do with two different strikes
we have had out there with the Japanese and I
have never had any delusion 'with regard to
Americanizing them. I do not believe there is
any prospect of Ainericanizing them. Without
doubt, as a race, the absolute coherence and
solidarity of the Japanese is marvelous, irrespective of whether they are born in Hawaii or not.
"The United States Government is going to
control the situation out there. If it becomes so
bad that any alien race gets control of the electorate, I expect the Government will step in and
form a commission form of government, the
commission being co)nposed largely of military
or naval men."
The press dispatches of September 13, J 922,
mentioned that a H-lawaiian-born Japanese had
filed as a candidate for the territorial legislature.
Japanese In the Philippine Isinds.
In April, 1921, Baron Tanaka visited the
Philippine Islands where he held several confer-
ences with Governor General Leonard Wood
relative to the question of determining the property rights which settlers from Japan might expect to enjoy. This committee is not informed
as to what the results of these conferences were
nor as to what if any action has since been
taken by the United States Government. The
Seattle Times recently printed the statement of
Mr. Gilbert Hall, an American engineer, who had
just returned from a three years' stay in Mindanao, to the effect that 35,000 Japanese settlers
are now established in the province of Davao on
that island.
Japanese Solidarity.
One of the striking features of the Japanese
situation in this country is the coherence and
solidarity of the Japanese, whether born in
Japan or in the United States. This solidarity
manifests itself in the co-operation of the Japanese in all lines of business. Japanese engaged
in the same line of business form themselves
into organizations for the purpose of regulating
prices, avoiding competition with each other, and
co-operative buying. Japanese merchants when
possible purchase from Japanese sources. Japanese farmers in the State of Washington go so
far as to send to their countrymen in California
for seed rather than buy of local American dealers. Some years ago American wholesalers on
the I'acific Coast were friendly to the Japanese
grocers, druggists and merchants. Today they
are finding that their former Japanese customners are buying from Japanese wholesalers.
Controlling in large measure the production
of vegetables on the Pacific Coast, the Japanese
are in turn acquiring extensive interests in the
commission business. In Seattle they dominate,
if they do not control the public market. With
good reason they hoast that their hold on the
production and distribution of food products of
the Pacific Coast is so strong that a very serious
situation would result if they should suddenly
abandon the raising of vegetables and garden
produce. Statewide organizations of Japanese
farmers have been made possible through the
enactment of the amendment to the federal
Anti-Trust Law excepting farmers and stock
-22-
raisers from the effect of its provisions. Tihe
Japanese newspaper, "Shin Sekal" of San Francisco, under date of June 20, 1920, calling attention to the enactment of the amendment said:
"Farmers can now combine to control the marketing of their output. We rejoice in this opportunity on behalf of the Japanese farmers for
wvhom co-operation is so necessary."
Inoer Government of Japaanese in the
United States.
One reading the report of the investigation by
the House Committee on Immigration on the
Pacific Coast In 1920 is struck by the frequent
mention of the various Japanese associations.
Witnesses appeared before the committee representing the Japanese Association of Southern
California, with headquarters at Los Angeles;
the Japanese Association of America, with headquarters at San Francisco; and the United North
American Japanese Associations, with headquarters at Seattle. Mr. Frank Davey's report to
Governor Olcott of Oregon incorporates a statement supplied by the Japanese Association, of
Oregon, with headquarters at Portland.
Each of these associations exerts jurisdiction
over an extended territory, sometimes covering
several states; and under each are many local
associations. Each of these associations maintains contact with and to a large degree is subject to the orders of the resident Japanese consul. These organizations have great authority
over and maintain a high degree of discipline
among the Japanese within their respective
jurisdictions. They constitute, in fact, an inner
government by means of which the rule of the
Japanese government is made effective over all
members of the race residing in this country.
Probably no more illuminative exposition of
the character and purpose of these organizations
Is available than is to be found in a series of
articles appearing in the Oakland, Cal., Tribune
in October, 1920, over the signature of Dr. Yoshi
Saburo IKuno, Professor in the Department of
Oriental Languages in the University of California and son of General Kuno of the Japanese
army. In part Dr. Kuno said:
-23-
"The Japanese are not living in this state as
emigrants. In my opinion they are establishing
plantations of their own, introducing their
peculiar civilization and governmental, as well
as educational institutions right in the midst of
American civilization. With the recognition of
their home government thliongh their consul ate
offices, they have established a sort of quasigovernment in leading cities. towns and districts, wlhetever thin size of tie Japanese population warrants. Thley levy aX tax on Japanese
males and Japanese falnies under the caption
of a membership fee.
"In the State of California. the Japanese government Maintains tw o consulate offices, viz.: a
consulate general at San Francisco and consulate
at Los Angeles.
"Under the control of each of these offices,
there is one central Japanese association. Under
the control of each central association, there are
in turn numerous local Japanese associations.
For example, the Central Japanese association
at San Francisco has 401 local associations under
its control.
hbile the one at Los Angeles has
12. * * *
"In case a local association should disobey,
conduct itself with too great independence, or
commit any irregularity, the consul general's
office, upon the advice of the Central association, would deprive it of all rights and privileges. such as the issuing of certificates.
"The Japanese in the state hold an annual
assembly corresponding sotnewihat to the California State Assenibly. This assenibly is composed of delegates sent by the local associations. There is also another assembly held annually, which may be likened to the California
State Senate in that only the managers of the
various local associations are entitled to sit in
the t august body.
"The purpose of the Japanese associations,
quoting frotn the regulations of that in
Berkeley, is 'to defend, protect, and guard Japanese interests and privileges against the outside, and to maintain and establish unity and
harmony in the inside that they may enjoy full
benefits'."
Retention by Japan of Allegiance of Japanese
In the United States.
The system of government within a government, which is described above resulting in the
maintenance by Japan of control over all persons of the Japanese race wherever found
through the agency of its consular officials
exerting their authority by means of the central and local associations, is necessarily
founded upon the retention by the persons submitting to such authority of their primary and
true allegiance to Japan. Wititout the existence
4
1.
of such allegiance the attempt to maintain her
authority over her subjects in this country
would be futile. That the Japanese government
has nbt relinquished its claim to the allegiance
of its nationals in this country is brought out
in Professor Kuno's articles, where he says:
"All the Japanese who live in the United
States, whether they were born in this country
or have come from Japan, have many affairs
to be attended to in connection with the home
government, because all are claimed as subjects
by the Japanese government. * * * * All
the Japanese in the United States, including
native sons and daughters, being, from the
standpoint of Japan her subjects, are obliged to
report births, marriages, and deaths, besides
movements of the families, to the Japanese government."
Corroborative of this statement, Mr. D. Matsumi, President of the United North American
Japanese Associations, in his statement filed
with the House Committee on Immigration during its Seattle hearings in 1920, says:
"The Japanese law requires all her subjects
to register births and deaths in the local registry of the district in which the parents of the
child maintain their Japanese legal residence,
and the procedure of registration of those residing in foreign countries requires that the
parents of the child file a certificate of birth or
death with the local Japanese consulate of the
district in which they reside and that a certificate shall be forwarded to the local registry of
the district in which the parents maintain their
legal Japanese residence."
By a law promulgated March 15, 1916, Japan
provides' for the expatriation of her subjects
whether born at home or in a foreign country.
From translations of this law, one by Professor
Kuno and Professor Max C. Baugh appearing in
the report of the California Board of Control,
and the other submitted by Mr. Matsumi in his
testimony before the House Committee on Immigration, it is seen that Japanese children born
and retaining their domicile in this country may
divorce themselves from their allegiance to
Japan with the permission of the Minister of
State for Home Affairs upon filling out and
signing and filing with the Japanese consul a
blank form provided by the Japanese government entitled a "D)eclamation of Losing Nationality." This must be done before the child, if a
male, reaches 17 years of age; otherwise he
-2_ t -
mnust first complete his service in the Japanese
army or navy.
The report of the California Board of Control
states that according to the Japanese viceconsul at San Francisco not more than a dozen
American-born Japanese children had signed the
"Declamation of Losing Nationality" and so far
as could be learned none of these had been accepted by the Japanese government.
Preservation of Japanese Language and Ideals
Among American-Born Children.
So far as the Japanese government is concerned the evidence is highly convincing that
Japan not only does not contemplate relinquishing Its hold on the allegiance of the Japanese
emigrants to this country and their children,
but is determined to retain it by every available means. It is essential to this plan that the
American-born Japanese children be instructed
in the Japanese language, history, traditions
and aspirations. This is being done by means of
Japanese language schools in this country and
by sending children to Japan to complete their
education.
Japanese Language Schools.
The reports of the several Congressional investigations and hearings contain frequent
reference to the Japanese language schools
which Japanese children are required to attend.
generally outside the hours of their attendance
at the American public schools. A report submitted on October 17, 1921, by the Secretary of
the Japanese Association of America to the
Superintendent of Public Instruction of California lists 54 such schools in that state. Mr. D.
Matsumi, in his statement to the Congressional
Investigating Committee in 1920 gives the locations of 12 such schools in the State of Washington. A list of the Japanese language schools
in the Hawaiian Islands prepared in 1920 by Mr.
Vaughan McCaughey, Superintendent of Public
Instruction, showing 160 schools with an attendance of 20,253 pupils, is given at page 414
of the report of the investigation conducted in
1920 by the House Committee on Immigration.
The character of the teachings of these
schools appears to vary. Some are conducted
by Japanese priests; others by young American-
-26-
born Japanese. The Japanese contend that
the purpose of these schools Is merely to
acquaint the children with the Japanese language so that they may converse with their
parents, and that the original text-books brought
from Japan are being revised to eliminate much
that would be unfamiliar to American-born children. No actual copies of such revised text
books were produced. On the contrary, the pronounced Japanese character of the text books
may be gathered from the remark of Congressman Siegel during one of the sessions of the Investigating Committee in 1920 where replying to
a witness he said:
"The other day we went to one of the schools
and we saw one of the books, and all we saw
in it was a series of pictures showing the success of the Japanese forces, and we looked
through the entire school book, a book from
which they were being taught, and we could not
find anything in there about the United States,
either by picture or otherwise."
Mr. Ivan H. Parker, a member of the California Legislature, testified:
"I visited the Japanese language school at
Penryn some months ago. There I found a very
affable Buddhist priest, and I told him I was irlterested and asked him concerning his school.
We entered; the door was closed; nothing on the
walls except a map of Japan. No evidence of
Amnerica vX hatever. I questioned him regarding
the procedure, and he said: 'Oh, everything is
essentially Japanese, Japanese ideals'."
The tenacity with which the Japanese cling to
these schools was demonstrated recently in
Hawaii where the territory had under consideration a bill to abolish them. The Japanese In the
islands made such a vigorous fight to retain
their schools that the legislature was practically
forced to defeat the bill.
Sending of American-Born Children to Japan
To Be Educated.
It is a matter of common knowledge on the
Pacific Coast that Japanese whose financial condition is such as to enable them to do so send
their children to Japan between the ages of 10
and 12 years and allow them to remain there
for seveal years for the purpose of completing
their education In the country of their parents'
nativity.
The report of the State Board Of Control of
-27-
California states that a census made I)y the
Japanese associations at the request of the
Board mentioned that in addition to the resident
Japanese population about 5,000 American-born
Japanese were in Japan for the purpose of completing their education. An examination of the
records of the San Francisco Immigration Office
conducted by the Japanese Exclusion League of
California covering the period from July 1, 1919.
to January 23, 1921, and an estimate for the six
months following, indicated that for the three
years following July 1, 1919, the number of
California-born Japanese children sent to Japan
was 6,649. As the average period of stay is at
least six years it is calculated that between ten,
and fifteen thousand children are now in Japan
from California alone. A witness before the
Congressional Investigating Committee quoted
the County Superintendent of Schools of Hood
River, Oregon, as saying that 90 per cent of the
Japanese children of that region were sent to
Japan to be educated. An article by Mr. Joseph
Timmons of the Los Angeles Examiner written
In 1921 states that twenty thousand Japanese
children from Hawaii, 13,000 of them Hawaiianborn, were at the time of his writing in Japan
receiving their education, according to the records of the immigration office.
A witness before the House Immigration Committee at its hearings on the Hawaiian labor
situation testified to a personal experience
showing the purpose for which these children
are sent to Japan. He said:
"I have had a Japanese working for the
Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association since
1901. He married in Hawaii and has eight children. So far as I know, this young man has as
nearly imbibed the ideas of Americanism as any
Japanese I know of there. He is associated with
white people in his work and has always been
very loyal to me. Just previous to my coming
away from Honolulu this man came to me and
said: 'I want a vacation to go back to Japan.'
I said 'Why?' He said, 'I want to take my children to Japan. I want to educate them as Japanese. I do not want them to grow up as
Americans'!"
Japanese Views on Intermarriage with
Americans.
This committee would not consider its duty
perforrimed witho-ut calling particular att'n ltion
-35 -
th tile faCL thatL [hrouLxghout tiles stdLts Of tile
Pacific Coast Japanese boys are growing up with
American girls in the schools under conditions
bringing them into close association and offering many opportunities for social intermingling.
The question inevitably intrudes itself upon
anyone giving thought to this situation: If
these Japanese boys are to meet American girls
at their school functions and other social gatherings how are they to be prevented from paying then-m the same attentions shown them by
American boys, such as attending them to the
theatres and dances, and visiting them at their
homes? And when this latter step has been
achieved what parent can complain if they offer
themselN es to these same girls in marriage?
The .Japanese are a self-assertive race. Behind them is a government jealous of the racial
prestige of its people. Diplomatically and
adroitly, but no less unmistakably, they are
seeking to insinuate themselves into American
social and family life. As their numbers and
their financial and political power increase
they will become constantly more insistent upon
social recognition and more urgent in seeking
intermarriage. In no other way can their racial
equality, which they sought to have formally
declared at Versailles and at Geneva, be so incontrovertably established as by the free and
unrestricted acceptance of their people in mnarriage by the white races.
All doubt on this subject is dissipated by a
reading of the report of the Congressional investigation of 192J. Many Japanese witnesses
were interrogated on the subject of intermarriage, but none was found who would say that
he was opposed to it. Some thought the time
not ripe because of American antipathy, but all
thought this antipathy would eventually die out
and permit of general intermarriage.
George Shima, the "potato king" of California,
thought that Intermarriage would improve the
American stock, and remarked:
"'There may be objections now, but a hundred
years from now we will look back upon it as
all right. When the potato seed in California is
no longer good, we bring in Oregon seed, and
-29-
the second year after it is acclimated we have a
fine crop of potatoes. * * * *
"In one hundred years, when you come back,
you will see this warm Japanese blood mixed
up with your race."
Mr. Junzo Sassamori, Secretary of the Japanese Association of Southern California, testified to the same effect and flied with the committee a written report in which he said:
"We firmly believe that we can obtain a better race by intermingling the bloods of different
races. Proofs of this are abundant in the history
of the human race. We believe intermarriage between Japanese and Americans is the result of
the natural course after the Japanese are assimilated psychologically and socially, or, in
other words, if such intermarriage takes place
after the
Japanese are thoroughly Americanized. I I I *
is
"There
a strong presumption that the intermingling of bloods iill produce a new type of
American possessing the excellent qualities that
Japanese men have inherited from their forefathers. The admirable traits of the Japanese
will persist, the Japanese spirit will be part of
their Inheritance, though modified by the environment of the New World."
Viscount Shibusawa, when in Seattle In January, 1922, said:
"There is no reason why Japanese and Americans should not intermarry. That, perhaps, is
the ultimate solution of the Pacific question."
This committee is of the opinion that while
many Japanese, to judgp from the expressions of
their representative men, look forward to a conquest, peaceable or otherwise, of the Pacific
Coast, the aspirations of the Japanese nation
would be satisfied for the time being if, in addition to being admitted on the same terms as
other races, their nationals iAn this country were
accorded all the social and political rights enjoyed by immigrants of other races, including
that of unrestricted intermarriage. 'Whether or
not this concession would be utilized as a stepping stone to eventual domination of the Pacific
Coast is discussed under the following heading.
Japanexe Purpose As Indicated In the ExpresMions of Their Leading Mlen.
In order that the seriousness of the Japanese
question may be understood It is necessary to
obtain the Japanese point of view, which can be
had In no way better than from the statements
of prominent Japanese and the editorial com-
-640-
ment in Japanese newspapers. One of the most
instructive of such editorials, appearing in the
"Shin Sekai" or "New World" of San Francisco,
in Octolzer, 1919, said:
"We should advance and not recede. To stop is
to retreat. While we push forward boldly the
enemy has no chance to form plans.
"What can Phelan do? What can Inman
do? WHEN WE OF THE YAMATO RACE ARISE
WITH A MIGHTY RESOLVE. THEIR OPPOSITION WILL BE AS FUTILE AS AN ATTEMPT
TO SWEEP THE SEA WITH A BROOM.
"Even if photograph marriages should be prohibited, we cannot be stopped from leaving our
descendants on this American continent. Even
if not a single Japanese woman comes it is not
possible to prevent the seed of our great Yamato
race from being sown on the American continent
by marriages with Americans, with French, with
Indians and with negroes, especially since there
are already 100.000 Japanese here and 5,000 are
horn annually.
"Supposing that we Japanese were prohibited
from owning or cultivating the land. Even the
laws of California are not forever unchangeable.
"THE DAY WILL COME WHEN THE REAL
STRENGTH OF THE JAPANESE WILL MAKE
A CLEAN SWEEP OF ALL LAWS."
The far-seeing nature of the Japanese
designs is attested by their not infrequent allusion to the "plan of one hundred years." An
album of scenes depicting the Japanese farming
activities which was published In Sacramento in
1915 contained a preface which said that it
would serve not only as a souvenir but "for the
larger purpose of contributing to the formation
of the great colony scheme of 100 years." An
article in the Sacramento "Daily News," a Japanese newspaper, discussing the then pending
alien land bill, said:
"It is impossible to escape anxiety because of
the many serious matters which arise, one after
the other, in connection with our plans of resistance in the present crisis and their relation to
our comqpatriots' plan of a hundred years."
The impor-tance of propagating the Japanese
race in furtherance of this plan of one hundred
years is emphasized in the following article
which appeared in the "Nichi-Bel" of San Francisco, In October, 1919.
"The Americans wish to kick Japan down to
International isolation and confine development
of her people to one small island country. Truly
It is a laughable and villainous plot.
"Awake! Even if we cannot expand our
country's borders let us expand with all speew
_-41-
thei \amII1a to Oare
of 0 iti,
' ie boutlJII
pottIld.
"Beget! Beget! Beget! It is only by the
propagation of our Yamato race by every good
Japanese that we can solve the anti-Japanese.
nay, the American-Japanese problem.
"FOR THE NEXT TEN, TWVENTY, FIFTY OR
ONE HUNDRED YEIARS, TBEGET! BEGET!
"Children, boys and girls, will be treasures
more valuable to yxour eountrvXoen thani hundreds of millions of gold. And at the same time
they are the supreme treasures for the development of our race."
A quotation fromt a .Japanese language newspaper, identity not given, read into the record
of the Congressional investigation of 1920, says:
"We must 'send for wvives. We must raise as
many children in America as possible, so that
we shall acquire a stability and strength which
no amount of anti-Japanese agitation can shake.
Land can be had by legal evasion of the spirit
of the laws. But without children to inherit,
what hope for the future of Yaroato-Anierica?
"LAND, BROAD ACRES SETTLE)D THIICK
WITH MIKADO'S SIJEJECTS, CHILDREN TO
INHERIT THE LAND), MOTHERS TO TIRING
FORTH TilE CHILDREN."
Protesting against the suppression of photograph marriages the Osaka "Mainichi Shimbun"
quoted in the San Francisco "Nichi-Bei" of
January 17, 1920, says:
"The annual migration of women to America
by photograph marriages numbers,more than
1,000. At the present time the single prefecture
of Hiroshima has 44,155 of its people residing
in America. Of these 15,592, not more than onethird, are women. Yet our government, ignoring
or glossing over these facts, dares to suppress
photograph marriages in a cowardly truckling
to America, injuring the national dignity, and
adopting an expedient of suicidal repression of
our overseas development."
The use which the Japanese hope to make of
the voting power vested in the thousands of
American-born children of their race who are
now rapidly approaching 21 years of age is a
matter of grave concern. Before quoting the
Japanese on this point a short extract will he
given from a letter to the Portland, Oregon,
"Northman" by Miss Francis Hewitt, recently
returned from Japan, where she had spent six
years teaching English to Japanese school children. Referring to the misinformation relative
to the Japanese purposes conveyed by the missionaries who dare not write anything displeasing to the Japanese censors of their letters, and
by tourists and notables who go to Japan on
-32-
tI.d, 01,r
citiiiiiiiiimissimiiiS aindl
li
so
(-aito'i
tairmed "that they seem to lose all sense of sane
observation," -Miss Hewitt says:
"They do not learn that every girl is thor-
oughly drilled in the doctrine that should she
become a 'picture bride' in America or an immigrant to other lands her loyal duty to her Empeior is to have as many children as possible,
so that the foreigners' land may in time become
a possession of Japan through the expressed will
of the peopled
The "Nichi-Bei" of San Francisco, in an editoria~l translated in the Seattle Post-Intelligencer
of July 4, 1922, comments enthusiastically upon
the voting power of the 40,000 American-horn
Japanese in California, not to mention that of
the 49,000 in Hawaii and the other thousands
scattered along the Pacific Coast, and still other
thousands who are being born each year. This
editorial indicates the means whereby the Japanese, as stated in the editorial herein quoted
from the "Shin Sekai," expect that "the real
strength of the Japanese will make a clean
sweep of all laws." It argues:
"If the Japanese now here settle down where
they are, and the number of American-horn
Japanese grows gradually, it may be presumed
that In the next ten or twenty years the number
of second generation Japanese in this state, who
will have the right to vote, will reach a large
figure. Then will the political influence of the'
native-born Japanese be recognized; then will
probably come the time when the attitude of
the American-born Japanese will decide the
course of an election. Even 5,000 voters among
the Japanese five years hence will be able to
accomplish a great deal. But with twenty or
thirty thousand of them-then a great change
will have come in the situation of the California
Japanese. At any rate, no person with political
aspirations will be able to ignore the voters of
Japanese descent."
Anticipating the possibility of the denial of
suffrage to American-born Japanese whose
births have been registered in Japan as required
of Japanese subjects, the Japanese "Sacramento
Daily News" suggests the discontinuance of the
practice of sending such birth notices to Japan,
saying:
"Hereafter the omission of the notice to
Japan is just the way for Japanese subjects, by
securing American citizenship, to lay the foundation of a great development. And another day,
when the opportunity comes for them to reinforce the Japanese residents in America who
-33-
have no citizenship rights, they must, on behalf
of His Majesty, the Enmporer of Japan, become
the loyal protectors of the race. Even though
they are not registered in Japan, if they return
to Japan and have documentary evidence that
their parents are Japanese they can register at
any time."
Efforts at Resistance By Legislatures and
People of the Western States.
In 1913 California enacted its first "alien land
law" aimed at preventing the holding of farm
lands by Japanese. The Japanese found so many
ways of evading this law that a more stringent
law was passed in 1920. Following this the
legislatures of Washington, Nebraska, Texas and
Arizona enacted similar laws, and the legislatures of Colorado, Nevada and New Mexico
passed constitutional amendments paving the
way for laws of like character. The State of
Dela-ware. threatened with Japanese from Nett
York, passed a, law similar to those of the
western states.
Demonstrations by residents of various localities have not been infrequent. Particularly
noteworthy was the deportation from Turlock
California, on the night of July 19, 1921, of 68
Japanese melon pickers by Americans -whomn they
had displaced. Signs over the roads hatve at different times warned Japarlese aw ay. One at
Rose Hill, California, read:
"JAPS: DON'T LET THE SUN SET ON YOU
HERE. KEEP MOVING! THIS IS ROSE HILL."
Another at Livingston, California, stated:
"NO JAPANESE WANTED HERE."
At Harlingen, Texas, two Japanese families,
the vanguard of a migration front California resulting front. the passage of the California alien
land law, were met at the train on January 7.
1921, by a committee of American Legion mnd
who arranged for the return of the Japanese to
California, though offering to secure a relfad of
the money -which they had paid for the land on
which they expected to settle.
In central Oregon five American Legion posts
took concerted action which defeated a project
of George Shima, the California "potato king,"
to colonize with Japanese the Ochoco irrigated
region which had been selected for soldier
!ettlement. Tho
action of the veterans
-4-
of flae
Yakima Indian reservation of Washington has
already been related.
On September 19, 1922, the citizens of the
White Bluffs-Hanford irrigation project in central Washington,. many of them American Legion
men, adopted the following resolution:
"Resolved, that the citizens of this valley will
oppose and positively will not tolerate the immigration of Japanese now, or at any time in the
future, and wv ill resort to all known means to
prevent such immigration. Further, the citizens
will resent to the utmost any negotiations on
the part of any land owner of this district with
Japlanese or their agents."
National Legislation.
During the debates on the act of Congress of
February 6. 1917. which created the Asiatic
Barred Zone, an attempt was made without success to have the zone so drawn as to include
Japan. The temporary immigration law of May
19, 1921, limiting immigration for one year to
S per cent of the members of any nationality
as shown by the 1910 census, was so drawn as
to omit Japan from its effect and leave immigration from that country subject to the
"gentlenrien's agreement." During the winter of
1921-1922 hearings were had in the House Committee on ]mnmtigration over the amendment of
the temporary law, and an attempt was made to
have inserted in it a provision for the exclusion
of Japanese under the designation of "persons
ineligible to citizenship," but the Committee not
wishing to precipitate a debate so soon after the
signing of the 4-power treaty, introduced a
resolution which was adopted in both houses extending the 3 per cent law for two years, or to
.lul:-, 1, 1924.
On June 26. 1922, Congressman Albert Johnson of W~ashingtoon, Chairman of the I-ouse Commnittee on Tnr estigation, introduced a bill providing for Japanese exclusion under a clause
providing that all aliens permitted to land with
the intention of remaining permanently "must be
eligible for American citizenship." No hearings
have yet been had on this bill but It will probably be the subject of extended debate at the
coming session of Congress.
ASetion By the National Government.
The present national administration, for the
first time siitw
C
'rid(it
that oL'of
iL
tolSt'\ 'II,
seems disposed to treat the Japanese situation
seriously. The attitude of the administration
has been indicated in the action heretoforereientioned which w-as taken by Hlon. Albert B.. Fall,
Secretary of the Interior, In ordering the discntntinuance of leases to Japanese on the Yakimna
Indian reservation in the State of Washington.
The sincerity of Secretary Fall's determination
to rid the reservation of Japanetse vx as further
attested by a ruling ott October 5, 1 91, discountenancing the evasion of his former ruling
through the device, wvhieb has been commonly
employed in evading the alien land laws, of putting Japanese con land held by Atnerican lessees
under contracts to share in the profits. Secretary Fall's instruction to the Indian agent was
that "all persons employing aliens will be regarded as undesirable lessees and their leases
will not be renewed." This committee is of the
opinion that Secretary Pall is entitled to the
gratitude and commendation of tile Atnerican
Legion for the staunch support which lie has
given our comrades of the State of Washington
in their determination to save their state for
the American people.
The purpose of the National Orieital Committee has been to investigate and report. It is
hoped that members of the Committee who are
able to attend the Convention at New Orleans
will find it possible to meet and make recommendations to the Convention. Recotnmrnendations as to policy are not necessary for the reason that every National Convention of the
Legion has gone on record on the question, as
has practically every western state convention.
In the preparation of the statistics and data that
have gone into this report credit should he given
Comrade Philip Tindall of Seattle, a Legion man
who has given as much time, thought and energy
to this problenl as any other person in the
country.
Coinintittee AcivitlteN.
In February 1922. the Commissioner of Immigration Issued an order directing that the entire
personnel be furloughed for the total of one
month during the balance of the fiscal year, to-
-36--
wit, from March 1st, to June 30, 1922. Had this
been carried out the immigration service for that
period would have been cut down one-half for
that period. Because of the long stretches of
coast in the west now covered by only a few
men your committee protested this move. Fortunately the Department did not carry it out as
planned.
California.
Comrade Seth Millington, of Colusa, California, the member of the Oriental Committee from
that state, states that his chief activity has been
through the Anti-Japanese Association of California. They have raised considerable money for
educational propaganda among eastern people:
His observation in California is that the agreement of the Japanese government to stop the
importation of the so-called "picture brides" has
done no good as it has only bad the effect of
forcing Japanese to return to Japan and bring
wives out with them. The United States District
Court, Northern District of California, has decided that a cropping contract is legal, and not
in conflict with the Anti-Alien Land Law of
California. The Supreme Court of California has
decided that the Clauses in the Anti-Alien Land
Law prohibiting an alien father from acting as
the guardian of his own children is unconstitutional. Comrade Millington states that the next
session of the California Legislature will be
asked to frame an act that will be bullet proof.
Utah.
Comrade D. T. Lane, of Salt Lake City, member
of the Committee from Utah, reports that the
Oriental situation in that state is not so serious
as in some other places. There are a number of
Chinese engaged in small truck farming, but as
yet they have kept to themselves and not
aroused antipathy. Comrade Lane states that
there are a large number of Japanese in Utah,
most of them as yet occupied as Industrial
laborers rather than as agriculturalists. A "Japanese Association of America" headquarters is
maintained in Salt Lake City. The Legislature of
Utah has considered an Anti-Alien Land holding
Law similar to that In California, but has not
passed one yet.
Idaho.
Comrade Lester S. Albert, Department Adjutant of Idaho, reporting for Comrade Leo F.
Bracken, Idaho member of the committee, states
that up until recently Idaho has not had much
to do with the Oriental situation. A few years
ago they had no Japanese and only a few
Chinese truck farmers. That situation now, however, is changing and they see among the farmers many Japanese that have sprung up in different portions of the country like mushrooms.
The Department of Idaho realizes the seriousniess of the situation and has taken steps to
meet it. A bill to prohibit land ownership by
the Japanese is being prepared for presentation
to the next Legislature. The Idaho State Grange
has assured the Legion of its support in this
move and Comrade Albert is of the opinion that
they have the support of every good citizen of
Idaho. In the Appendix hereto will be found a
resolution passed by the State Convention of the
Legion of Idaho this year.
Oregon.
Comrade George R. Wilbur of Hood River,
Oregon, member of 11we Committee from that
state, reports several attempts at colonization
there. These have been covered in other parts
of this report. In every instance, however, aggressive action of Legion posts in the vicinity
headed the Japanese off. An Initiative act to
prevent the alien ow%,nership of land was prepared in Oregon but on account of delay not
enough signatures were obtained to get it on
the ballot. The Legion in Oregon plans to request such an act from the next session of the
Legislature.
Waslhinigton.
In the State of Washington the seriousness of
the Japanese problem ranks next to California.
Legionnaires in Washington, however, are alive
to the danger. Through the efforts of the Legion
a strong Anti-Alien Land Law was passed by
the 1921 session of the Legislature, and has been
held constitutional. Posts of the Legion in sections of the state where Japs have attempted
colonization have met them by prompt vigorous
action. In the Appendix will be found a memor-
-88-
lal passed by the 11921 State Convention and other
resolutions by posts.
Summary.
Two unfortunate features of the Japanese
problem render intelligent and effective work
difficult. First, many persons of conservative
tendencies are kept from giving the subject such
consideration as they otherwise would by the
vigor and oftentimes sensationalism with which
it is put forward by the opponents of the Japanese, and the feeling that in some cases the
activities of those proclaiming against the Japanese are prompted by selfish motives. The second feature is that many of our eastern friends
fail to have sympathy with citizens of the
western states affected, because as they say
the people of the west created the problem themselves. It is true that originally Japanese were
brought In by railroads and other large employers in order to obtain cheap labor. It Is also
true that now some American business interests
are opposed to any anti-Japanese agitation for
fear of the effect it will have on their business.
Why, however, should we permit the selfish acts
of a few to prevent us from giving proper consideration to such a far-reaching problem?
Particular attention is called to the discussion
of the question of intermarriage. An attempt at
a solution of this would be the passage of laws
prohibiting such Intermarriage. Arbitrary deportation is impossible as it would violate our
American sense of justice.
The Japanese government should join with
the United States In a spirit of co-operation in
the solution of this problem. Its settlement is
to the interest of both countries. To permit further Influx of Japanese onto the Pacific Coast
means serious trouble later when the economic
pressure of the two races gets too strong. In
the Appendix, in a Memorial from the State
Convention of the Legion of Washington to the
President and Congress will be found a practical suggestion as to how friendly co-operation
might be obtained.
Those resolute persons who have been pressing the Japanese question the last few years deserve much credit. While no federal exclusion
act has been passed they have convinced the
-:9-
Japanese people that a large body of American
citizenship is uncompromising on the question.
They must realize that they cannot absorb the
Pacific Coast unmolested. When they are
thoroughly convinced of this it is to be hoped
that they will of their own accord cease to push
themselves in, and that they will not care to
remain scattered and few in numbers. Perhaps
the falling off in the numbers of immigrants
since 1919 may be construed as the beginning
of such a move. However, we may be certain
of a renewed increase in immigration should
there be any relaxation in our resistance.
Past National Conventions of the Legion have
gone on record in favor of exclusion and have
indicated support of anti-alien land-holding
laws. No further resolutions are needed. We
have not, however, had enough action In support
of our expressions of policy. We should press
the passage of the bill now before Congress, introduced June 26, 1922, by Congressman Albert
Johnson of Washington, Chairman of the House
Committee on Immigration. This act provides for
the complete exclusion of Japanese under a
clause requiring that all aliens permitted to land
with the intention of remaining permanently
"must be eligible for American citizenship." Exclusion on the same basis should be secured for
the Hawaiian Islands. Likewise, we should support, whenever they are up for consideration,
anti-alien land-holding laws along the lines of
the California law. The American Legion could
be of no greater service to the country than by
securing the passage without delay of this class
of laws.
NATIONAL ORIENTAL COMMITTEE.
AMERICAN LEGION.
Thomas N. Swale, Chairman, Washington;
Seth Millington, California;
Ceo. R. Wilbtir, Oregon;
Leo Bracken, Idaho;
D. T. Lane, UTtah.
NEWS PRINTING
ARD PUBLISHINI CO.., SACRAMNT-
NUMBER
OF TRADE
LIGENCES ISSUED TO
ORIENTALS
IN
BRITISH
COLUMBIA IN 1925.
CITIES.
.- ---,
-
.6,
(r1~
AINpillaris -I
AV\relai ngs
7
1
"4
dI
I
4
-ula
1
'; 3.
Al
I
jp.i
=.-
--"
.
......-...
.....-......-
1.
1*
:1*
i'llllliell~ ~~............
it
1
Crani sek
..
14
14
4
4
(7*
(10*t
it
2t)
it
I1t
4
(3
11.
2*
7
(2* it2)
"i'vderiu
Is.
(2* it)
I
1.
It-
it
it
it
',
it
(1* 2t)
1.
1*
----
iKllals...................
1.
411
12
-11
2
--
it
123
ialmiyellllhll.
(61.1S
4.....
20
8
6
4
4
7
2
4*
10*
(I1.
4*
2
3
it)
1--
----
----I
(1* it)
it
10
2
I
2
0
3
218
28
1
10
2
20
(17
::,:
----
14
----
2 -,
47*.
(22* Ot)
6)
1.
(24---2
3
3
(2* 3t)
Nssiaiis'Am
12
11,
12
12
27
12
1(,
80
.
-..........r
NSs,1iu
NeIdl I
]., ..z ..w.
.;. i.::t.) .. -.t li
IZ!
- c
-RI . 6..
:6
4zI
K,
.(I
p1
- -
--..
-
2- I
.n
aIE
T
t
are'
47
\P 1"all (' ..u.............
(2* it)
23
3
2))
(4*
(7 i"t)
(,4 )
(27* i1t)
22*
2,04T
170
1,7001
1.'
!
it)
i
I
I
----
----
----
1.34
0
87
12*
10
106
(119* 9t 61) (3* 6t1 (61* 43f) )(37*
4
1.7
341
17
(1*
2
1---
1-- ji
(1*it)
21
1048
1,180:1
il-
It
it
6
(31* 22t)
2*
34
11
..........
-(--
2*
4
4
Il10itVW'
1.
69
((3(3 it it) 1
2238
199
I
-1. (84*27333)
--ll
223
12*
1
92
192
87
(14*
]
20.t)
(2t
19
it1) 4I
45
126136
63.)
226
(104*
(19* sit)
73
118
118
(1.
11
114
23
Il
2n
(2.
9,
21
it )
~_ ii112*
-
11
--
----
it
2
(1, It)
is
18
122t)
900
2t)I1(20- l7t)
(13.
1
-1
----
8
St,
(2* 2t)
4I.
.-
----
I
OT )
123
12
-
KI"--
DISTRICTS.
illllllwa k
.-
......
--1
InSrit~a
hw,-
M'l~~Il
Nsrih.
13
.sw
..
1
..........
N......aesel
.172
VILLAGES.
1
Ahh14 ts0 +1
I
isturus Lake
('rex
.........
1.
...l ..s-i
(4*
....er.
Vandelish..
2*
...
1
1
....
1.
1.
It)
4-
I
it
I
I
11I-- I I I I I I I~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~, IIi I II
,
I-
I-
UNORGATNIZED TERRITORY.
la11
Ah t
li
3-1(.1.
I
l
e.k
it
Ii
..............
14
:::-
I
.....
----I
...g.........
----I
::::
ill~~~~~~~~......t.
I
:W
1
2..........
lis'I le
142
~
14111(11
~ ~
1(1
I
.
----I
L-
RECAPITULATION.
8
Ilietit
munielpailhIte.......
1'nsrgsnlee( t(erritery.
Tottils........
422
142
1,211
24
170
21
20
1,,0.4
1698
IV-----.
189
2,122
I
Japandse........
...ine ....
*
Chinese
t
Japanese.
200
92
$Hindus.
§
467
2
212
478
Under general stares.
I
.1
21
452
18
12
118
114
6
6
2322
11
91
1
22
11
12
6
4
I
3
11
_203
140
52
66
-
1--
15
2
47
I'll
127
I'll
121
232
70
126
-11
11I.
17
11~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~116
19
88
30
..
96
2
1
73,.
4-I I
I
4
1j252
16
T-
4j ..,
6T2
4
.
6
7
I.1
-
.
1
-1
If
IT-
432
1
4
48
126
2
4
-1 6.
1I
192
1
-
-
372
04.
23
25
2
312
123
272
199
2 28
.-4233
11
12
1:1
1 113 1
3
12
9
2
2
2
146
I
I
-I -- -I
--L--
1 113 1
3
NUMBER
OF TRADE
LICENCES
ISSUED
TO
CI
ORIENTALS
IN
BRITISH
COLUMBIA IN 1925.
TIE'S.
3t)
it
(.2* 4t)
Ii
12
18
(9
DISTRICTS.
:3
(2- it)
....
I.
....
28
5
*
1.t
14
FT
VILLAGES.
I~~~~~~~~~~.
---....
....
....
.--
---
--
--
77"
....
----
UNORGANIZED TERRITORY.
....
....
....
....
....
....
...
....
....
....
.....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
----
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
RE, CAPITULATION.
18
188
114
232
1.1
01
6
81
17
06
11
4
482
11
12
I..
1
4
12
I.
1
2
10
2
1
1
24
2
28
24
2
2J
2
2
1
22
28
18
6
...
1
~~~~~~....
:1:11127
1
~~21
282
9
819
"1
106
1
23
88
712
126
16
738.
1
16
12
6
1
2112
6
1
146
2
2
2 1111
2 1
1
2
-
26
1
18
1
8
2
1
19
.
j
28
11
17
86
716
6
:I1
6
29
14
8
20
1101
3
218
10
8
2
2
78
7.
ORIENTAL-Gal ONE.
ORIENTAL POPULATION OF BRITISH COLUMBIA.
There are 11o offIcial Stlltisti's of the present population of the (oullltry in any plrtieular.
It is possible, however, to get a fairly (clse approxillmatioil of the Oriental population of British
Columbia at. sly, the end of 19)2.5, by taking the I)ollliliall census and immigration records llnd
the natural increase shown by the Provincial vital stiitistils.
On this basis it apilpears that at the d(ate mentioned there would be in this Province 25,216
Chinese, 10,455 Japanese, and 1,10:3 Illdus, or a total of 45.,774 people of Oriental races.
The Census OffIce estililate of the lopulhlltol of the Province at June 1st, 192.5, was 51),500,
Per Cent.
so that the aliiroximllate proiaortion of Orienltals wo(luld be h2 in every 1,0(01.
if Tetal In
Canafia,
0.0
X
(
Chinese ill British ('olulllbia at census, 1901 ..........
---------- 14,ti885
7(1.5
.............
19,508
Chinese in British Columbia at census, 19311
5l.4
..................
23,533
Chinese iii British ('olulnbia at census, June 1st, 1')21
P..95
............. :
llmmigrltion, fiscal year 1921-22
------320
Ilunigration, fiscal year 192'2- 23.-------341;
.....................
ImmligrationSfiscal
.......................
341
192ff4-2
fiscal year 1'322-23
Immigration,
year
....
...........
.........
Illlmigration, April-Decendber, 1l265 .
Births, 245; deaths, 227; natural increase, 1923_
1924...
increase.
Births, 228; deaths, 201; lllatural
Births, 212; deaths. 195; nlltural increase, 1925..
18
2T
7....
17
.
25,25,7
26
Births, 197; deaths, 223; natural decrease. 1l21.
Births, 216; deaths. 231 liatural decrease, 1022..........
15
-_
Estimated Chinese ill British Columibia, IDeceluber 31st, 1925 .
....................0.....................
over
Illerease census, 190101
41
2,1
69.4%
l'er Cent.
Canafia.
Of Tatal in
Japanese in British Columbia at census, 1)101
Japanese hix British Columbia at census.
...
.
4.597
......
8,5S7
1')11
97.0
95.2
............ 15,00
Japanese in British Colundia at census, Julle st 1)21
.452
Imlnigration, fiscal year 1921-22
3hO
Immligration, fiscal year 1922-23.................O.
422
Imnlligration, fiscal year 1923-24.............................
481
......
Immigration, fiscal year 1924-25
.20
Immigration, April-December, 1925 (estimated)
450
Births, 592; deaths, 142; natural miereasse, 1)21...................................
Births, 585; deaths, 1i0; natural increase, 1922 .39
4)0
Births, 057; deaths, 161; natural increase, 1)123.
.18
Births, 672; deaths, 154; natural increase, 19)24 .------------Z.19.505
Births, 743; deaths, 178; natural increase.
')4.6
...........
Estimated
Jalpanese
in British C'olulmbia. I)eeember 31st, 1125. 19,45,5
Ilicrealse over tellnus, 1101
323.21 '/
..
Pr Cent.
In
af tabil
Hindus in British Columlbia at itwlsll. 1901 (none givell) .--..............
inBritish Colulbida at census, 1)11
*Hindus
Hilidus ill British Colulllbia at census, June l~st, 19)21.
Inim igration, fiscal year 11921-22.--Ilumigration, fiscal year 1922-23
Immigration, fiscal year 1923-24.---------Imllligration, fiscal year 1924-25 .
9............
--1
........
2,2)2 )8.0
51
1.0
21.
39
44
Ilulnigration, April-Deceluber, 1125aestimatede)................5
3
The naturall increase is liegligible at present.
Estimated Hhiudus in British t'oluoibia, Tieceinber 31st, 19)25)
1.103
Since the last census the natural increase of Chinese in the Province has practically been at
an aggregate surplus of 0'2 births ill three years being offset by an aggregate surplus
of 41 deaths in the other two yeisrs.
It is vastly different ill the case of the Japallese. In the saoie period of tine the aggregate
ilicrease in the Japanese population of the Province through the excess of births over deaths has
exceeded that through imlnigration. In each year the births have greatly outnumlhered the
arrivals frolll Japan. ill 1925 the proportion being 15) births to every 8 arrivals by sea.
The birth-raie of Jalpanese ill British Columbia is 40 per 1.000 of the populatioii of that race.
The birth-rate of the whole poloulstioll. exclilung Indills. keeps ahbost 18 per 1,000. while the
rate of natural Illerease per 1,000 is betweems ii alid 10.
There has always been a certain allioulit of difficulty in securing registrations of Oriental
births, and there is soise grouiind for the suspicion that eveii yet, with the greatest vigilance on
the part of officials of the Provilcial Boilrd of Itealth, there mIe biisthls whiilh Ire lOt reported.
(Colmparison of a series of the reports by the Registrar of Vital Statistics wvill show what a
number of births,. chiefly of Orienitals, are siot registered until years after. The figures of actual
births for the years given above are as they stand at the eifd of l1)25) registrations, liut are
subject to addition every year hereafter as further births in these several years are registered.
For the past twenty years the arrivals of ihmmigrants of Asiatic origin at the ocean ports of
Canada. chiefly otl the Pacific Coast. segregated as to males, females, land children, and the
number destined for British tolulmbia, have hieslu as shown for the several races in the following
tahles:a
stalidstill,
ORIENTAL-Gal TWO.
ORIENT.AI, POPULATION OF BPITISIH COLUMBIA-Colitinuteid.
CHINESE.
Fie-al Year.
;
eaales.
1906-7 (0 mae.)
.
1 90 7 S. . ------------- -- -- 1l08-9.
SO
1911-12
-----------------
S8.
----------- -----------
Si)
1912-1l.
191 -, 14,
1914-1
,
1
40)
---------------- --
4,679
803
544
12
244
4,09,i5
,------
1921 22,
1922-23
114
232
510
2,0610
484
074
992
Ill1
10
326
341
2,70
'i8
-----.-..
347
1 4,452)
711
88
299
1,121)
2,811
172)
67
:11,
254
3T'1.
68
2,001.
192:8_ 24
1924-2. .
1025 (12 mas.)
1'.)3 1,4215
48~
26
Totals ,
1,480
6,6,1!
10
170
128
18-------
1918-19 ,-,-,,-- ,
1 019-20
4,704
1887
71
1 0916 -17---l ........... ......... .. . . .
1917
1917
1,948
5,512
18
2
1,71,4
1,887
"12
342
3,9l
18
5,T76}
11866
,,------
19010-11
1)8
120
1900)-10-
Ifa B.C.
Total.
Children.;
1,004
834;939
0.4%1
JAPANE SE.
Mt~ales.
Fiscal Year.
1906
(9 mae.)
-
1907-8
Females,
. 1,766
-----------------
,, ,,,--,,,
1908_9
1009 10
312
3
134
04
170
1910-11
81
362
322
1911-12 ............................
724
48
424252
I-------------------1---------19)12-13
334 447 5 8516 844
1018-14
101
1914 11
148
1911-16--
1916-17
459,
.
.
.
1017
1.......
1018-19
.5.84
280
1010-20
.145
.
1920 21
10)21-22
1023-24
1024125
1920 (11
2,042
7,601
495
2,038
7,589
432
1,137
711
6s(,
532
514
471
369
448
233
31
31
26)
oO
6,072
873
214
72
mos.).114
7
392
622
852
191)2
401
648
883
1,178
20
37
54
64
42
49
233
310
,37
530
389
338
127
.11,80
473
1 27
437
763
182.
.
34
0
10
20
-0
9
762
718
141
184
--------
Totals
Destined
217
140
-
1922-2 3
'fetaL
.
242
966
113
6,945
Children.
42
31
422
481
101
10,1054
10,920
98.34 t
400
HINDUS.
|
Fiscal Tear.
1906-7 (9 mas.)
1907-8
:
2
2,120
2,620
1908-90
1900-10
1910-11.
191 -12
1912-13
1913-14
aemales.Children.
Males.
.4
1
- ------------------
--
191 6-18 ----9
---1
-
2
----------
3
---
----
1919-20-------1920-21
1921-22
1
0
6
1
1
65
<-.---------
1
-
---
-.--.--.--. ------------
25
21
2
4
1
11
14
1
4
4
4
11
4,000 )
41
41
7
o
12
il)23-24
1924-25
.
2,112
2,619
---- 11~~~~~ ~ ~ 9.
192003
Totals
2,124
2,623
88
8
782
--------------
------------------- --------------... -------
1914 -15
2
fa B.st'.~
6
10
-)
2
1
1
.9
..
2
3
Total.
.
10
9
13
13
21
40
21
4f6
44
39
___________5_4__9
4,09952
4,021
08.79
%X
The total illllmmigratioln via ocean ports, destined for British Columbia, during these years,
and the proportion of this whicls was Oriental, was as follows:Year.
1906-7
1907-8
(0
--------------------
8,406
11,762 .
22,171
1908-9.- .................
1909-10
Orieatal.
Total.
4,218
2,012
9,341
2,204
12,428
------------------------------------------------------
0,227,
1010 11.26,481
l19-11 ..
.........-12 1911
All Other.
.......
958,244......
418
. ......
....................8
-12.0
2,288
1013-14.
2,922
6,149
1914-15 -------------1,4 2
444
1910 -1 6
-------------------1---------------------------------1,259
--------50
1916-17.2
1,50
............ 1,93 1,106
1917-18
.
56
1918-19 .
6,244...
7--------------------
1920-21
2,288-----------
.
1921-22
1922-2 3
1923-24
1924-25
3,92
1 ,033
9,945
1919-20
..............
7---
4,819
8,190-8
5,722
697
02 8
.,2609
Totals
...........
234,318
I
1,460
|
22
59,468
25.38%
174,820
74.62%
ORIENTAL-Gal THiREE
I RIhETA'L POPULATION OF
BrIITISH COLUMBIA-Cohtie sed.
III view of the greatly redtleed percentage of Chinese shown by the census of 1921 as residing
ill British Columbia wihen compared with earlier years, and the smaller number of immigrants
destined for here since the beginning of the war, the Committee will doubtless be interested in
knowing what has become of the number who entered Canada of more recent years. According
to the reports of the Department of Imsigration and Co0lonization they have been flocking to the
older Provinces.
Speaking generally of the surplus of Chinese immigrants who did nsat remain in this Provihce
since 1914, they have settled in Ontario anid Queblec. Ill 10.15-ill Quebec and Ontario got them,
with a scattering to the others. In 'II)ld1 Quebec and Ontario, ill that order, got greater part
of the 'surplus, with Manitoba, Sllskatchewan,. a1nd Alberta following. ha 1h91-19 Ontsario and
Quebec, in reversed order from the year before, got 1,100 of the 1,100 surplus; Saskatchewan,
150; Alberta, Manitoba, and the Marithiues, the relllainder. Ill 1919-20 the order was Ontario,
Alberta,'Saskatchewan, Quebec, Manitoba; iln 10012-22, Ontario, Alberta, Quebec, Saskatchewan,
Manitoba. In 1022-23 and the year following the order of preference of those who passed
through British Columbia was Ontario, Saskatehlewn, Alberta, Quebec, Manitoba.
Since April 1st, 1924, no Chinese have been admitted into Canada as inmsigrants. The
"Chinese Inutigration Act" of 1023 restricts the landing ill Canada of persons of Chillese
origin or descent, irrespective of allegiance or citizenship, other than those born in Canada,
merchants, and students. The two (classes last ssalmed must be il possession of valid passports
issued by the lovermasnesat of Chlina and endorsed by a Canadisam ilmmigratioss officer sit the port
of departure, and they eslon land only at :anscouver or Victoria. " Merchant," for the purposes
of the Act, means one who devotes his undivided attention to mercantile pursuits, dealing exclusively in Chinese manufactures or produce or in exporting to China goods of Canadialsm
produce or manufacture, who has been ill such business for at least three years, and who has
not less than $2,500 invested in it. 'The designation does not include any merchant's clerk, tailor,
mechanic, huckster, peddler, dtrier or curer of fislh, or any one having any connection with a
restaurant, laundry, or roomning-house. Persons over 15 must be able to read English, French,
or some other language.
Answering a question in the HIouse of Ctosmmons last session, the 111111. the Minister of Imilligratioss and Colonization stated that the only Chinese entering Canada during the year 10925 eame
nS3 had already passed out
in under pernmit for a limited stay. Of these there were 80, of whom
of Canada when the answer was given. According to occupations there were 8 actors and
in trainisig, a secretary
a
consul
his
wife,
and
manager
actresses, 10 amahs (nursemaids), a bank
to a consul, 2 wives of consuls, 6 nscnsbers of consuls' families, 5 servants of consul, 2 physicians,
an infant, a merchant, a missiosmary. a professor's wife, 5) servmssmts of tossrists, 30 students, 2 wives
of students, and 2 teachers.
As the figures for Japanese and Hindu inssmmigration densosstrate, virtually every person of
these races who landed in Canada cause with the intention of settling in British Columbia. It
will be observed that, while Hindu inasnigration is relatively very small, there has beees asl
increasing number each year since 1920, after an entire cessation of the East Indian influx to this
Province for six years.
Attention might be drawn to the immigration figures of Japanese, and their bearing on the
problems of increase in school population of this race. There has always been a high proportion
of female immigrants from that country, but since 1909, with those exception of two years, sore
females than males have entered the Provissee annually. In the aggregate, from April Ist, 1090,
to March 31st, 1025, the proportions were 5,111 females to ,9057 males. To the end of 1925 this
continued in the ratio of 2 to 1 and presumably the sasiie has been true of 1926. This has been
chiefly due, no doubt, to the admission of so-called " picture brides," and possibly in some cases
to wives of men already in the country coming later.
In regard to " children," it must be remembered that this description covers all under IS,
which age in the Oriental is marked by a greater'advance towards adolescence than in the case
of the white races. There is little doubt that the great majority of these are not "children "
in the sense in which the word applies to snoet other issssmsigramt races, i1ut are potential eownpetitors in industry from the moment of arrival.
The following comparative figures are taken from the reports of the Dominion census of
1921:Total.
Population, Canada ...... .
Males.----.------,824--------Females
......
---------------------.
Population, British Coluobia.
Males...............
Females.
. -- --------------------
Births in Canada
.-----------Births in British Colambiab.
29.4
Eate per 1,000, Canada-
Eate per 1,000, British Caolmbia
8,677,887
Columbia.40.1
4,86,09e0
Others.
15,868
3,753,342
3e,163
2,424
10,520
1,937,498
5,348
1,815,844
23,533
21,820
1,713
....173
15,006
76,153
39,587
4,471,814
4,204,063
1
502,205
281,945
220,260
.
255,307
10,120
2,488,643
2,380,447
387,513
20.1
21.4
7.6
36.8
ta75
.....
14.1
41.5
100.0
107.5
34.7
205,030
182,483
8,319
.......
Bate per 1,000 of female population only
in Canada.
- 1- -.-.- - - .- - _ 60.7
Eats per 1,000 oa female popullation only
in British
Japanes.
British.
9,863
1,143
553
.....
45,432
30,921
Indians are not included in the above computations. At the tinse of the census there were
110,596 (56,121 males and 54,475 females) ill Ctaeada and 23,377 (11,464 males and 10,91h
females) in British Colusbia. Births totalling 343 gave a birth-rate per 1,000 total population
of 15.3 and a rate per 1,000 females only of 81.4.
ORIENTAL-Gal. FOUR
ORIENTAL LAND-HOLDING IN BRITISH COLUMBIA.
Returns from municipal and provincial assessors, although not complete in all details in a
few instances, show that Oriental land-owners holdlproperty in this Province to an assessed
value which in the aggregate is well over eleven tuid one-half million dollars. The stateimelnts
Which follow account for a total of $11,590,7596.
It is very difficult to say hoxv much land or improved realty is held under lease by Orientals,
there being no statistics which record this. Municipal officials have given the benefit of their
personal knowledge of holdings thus leased, so far as it goes, and while the information so
obtained is necessarily very incomplete, it reports the rolling undeif lease of at least 8.097 acres,
of an assessed value of considerably over $1,000,000, besides ,iPi. acres leased from the Crown
in unorganized districts, or 14,292 acres.
Members of the Chinese race own within municipal limits 782 specified and sundry unslpecified lots, assessed value incompletet) $li.54(,5l1, and 1.2013.S75 acres, assessed value
$412,240 (both incomplete). They lease 6,7111.407 acres and liP lots, assessed value (incomplete)
$567,312, besides 220 (incomplete) stores. So far as the information is contained below, they
own or lease property assessed at $7,526,071.
Japanese on-ners hold 5,736.639 acres (incomplete), assessed value $1,003,481, as well as
533 specified and sundry unspecified lots, assessed value incompletet) $1,616,911. They lease
764.48 acres, assessed at $43,790 (incomplete), and 232 (incomplete) stores. The total value of
property owned or leased is $2,664,182.
Hindus are owners of 277.13 acres, assessed value $t61,230, and 211 specified and sundry
unspecified lots, assessed value $130,380 (all figures incomplete). They lease 570.84> acres,
assessed value $18,699 (incomplete), 3 lots and 16 stores (latter figure incomplete). The total
value owned and leased is $210,309.
So far as information has been obtainable, and keeping in inind the deficiencies which
render all final totals incomplete, the land holding represented in municipalities is as follows in
assessed value:Leased.
Owned.
Chinese.
-------------------------
Japanese
hindus ---
Total.
S37,526,071
$6,9058,759
$367,312
-,-2W_0,02'
.
437'0,1
-.9,770,761
Totals
2,064,182
18,699
ee68l
191,610
210,309
1$10,400,0,62
In the unorganized districts Orientals own- 11,710.70 acres, assessed value $720,546, and
lease from the Crown 6,195.11 acres, assessed value $46l1,088. The grand total in assessed value
of all property in the following statements, so far as the figures have been furnished, is
$11,530,796, owned or leased by people of the Asiatic races.
It is worth noting in regard to land-holding in rural nsmnicipalities that to a considerable
extent the Japanese are on-ners of the land they till, while the Chinese lease from, presumably,
white owners. The reason for this is, of course, the n-ell-known fact that Chinese methods of
cultivation exhaust the soil, rendering it necessary for then to move on periodically to fresh
acreage.
REAL PROPERTY OWNED BY ORItENTALS WITHIN TIlE MIUNICIPALITIES AND IN
THE UNORGANIZED DISTRICTS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA AT DECEMBER 31ST, 1925),
WITH AN ESTIMATE OF TIlE AMIOLNT OF PROPEIRTY LEASED TO ORIIENTALS.
CITIEs.
lINDsUS.
J.rPANESo.
Slunlcipality.
Amaunt.
8
late
(4 ewuers)
Armstrong.................. 16 acres
Lots
Leased 200 acres.----
Alberni ................
Coortenay.
...
Cranbrok
...
oumberland -...
:::::::':':::::
Duncan.-
Enderby.
.
Fernie
3 lots
5,0575
1I lota
31,650
400
3, 770
2 acres
Grand 5Flke
Greenwood_
.
.
lRanloops.
e.
Lts
Leased
IKaslo
..
hielonna
. -F-w-
todys-ith
Nanaaiso
Nelson.
1 lot.
6 acres
19 lots.
(3 acres)
2 lots.
Leased Not
North Vancouver
LTots
Cqeuitlam.
Port Sloody.
Port
17,200
'75,875
509. 510
........
(4 owners)
'''''---------- - -'1
5 lots and 4
470
1 lot.
.........1c
2,850
.....
.-
............
e........
10 lots
125)
--'
---.--....
I
---'-''---------1-
About 50 lots
t._o00lots
57,320
17,041
tLoto
2,485
tNots
1,081
4 lots.
2,160
.
73 lots .--
1 18,720
(4.4 acres)
36,100
.
...
Abt. 8 acresNot known-.
Not known.-...
..
......
880
Lots
4,790
16 lots
22,:555
Otupert-
.
(7 ownerso)
..
(13 owners)
s,6
Lots
20 lots
Revelstoke-.o
Iossland
------ 9 lots
-.
Lots
55
10 acres ..
2 lots.
Slots ...
George
Prince
125
.,.
tots
Nat known.
knusn..
Leaeed 2 acres
Le,,,
.... ......
.3
(.0..acres).1
Lots
Leased Not known
Port Albernit.
Prince
3,600
53,350
(abt. 3.,o'n,,rs )
Abc. 60 lots..
.tbt. 70 acres
New Weatninster
:
owner)
loto
1,310
Lots.
Lots
97 lots.
.
AUerritt
Value.
II
76,830
8,270
.
Lots
(1
1,3360
............
6,100
..
Leased 15 acres ..... .
Lots
11,120
Lots-- 9,165
a
4 stores .....
.
.
Lease!d
st.s
50...8
.
19 lots
30,850
Amount.
1I1 31 late.
350
3,172
.....| lAlots -..
(1 owner)
6,660
Loet
Chilliwack.. .
IVlue.
Amount.
Valule.
.--
45 lots
:
(2529acres)
--------
60,740
2 lots.
21/4 acres..
Salmon
I 80 acres
4 lots
Arm.
7,40()
(4 owners)
02 lots
-- -'--'''''---1--
-, ,,
-'---'---------
Slecan
Trail
Vancauver
20,0
2,468,015
Lots.
Tots
Leased 213 tenants.
.Lots .. ..
Leased
About 000
acreo:5
531280
.
Between
300 owners
Victoria.
Lots -------- I 1,140,720
202
8.03 ten-ants
soree....
acrs)
(82.29
4,850
Abou.t a~doel
14,000
(estimated) 12,oO00,000
Le-ts
26,180
16 tenants
-
----Shalt dozen
owners
5,"000
and
1.3,000,000
Leased
Not known
240 lets ...
lots ............
73.520 acres.
Leased:
207+ acres
217+ stores
1
100,12 +
2,S.6,371
182,700+
8,270+
Not
Not k..w.
knowal...j l-t
lots
lo..
.71
....,22.+
6llf-oze
st>r0()0
1,4lO, 200
76,.200..
L, oed:
I
Lobs
ower
t---acres
Leased
8.
-----'''I
232+ tereot
.o
0827
128+
I
-'
ORIENTAL-Gal, FIVE
ORIENTAL LANI)-IIOLDI)NG IN BRITISH
COJXUMBIA-Coatioiuerd.
DISTRICTS.
Clisagat.
Leg~~~~~~J~ANesE,
IIINDts.
Municipality.
Aon.
..........-
21are--5
21-,735
(11 ownes)
Leased 200
to.q.it
-Leased 1.000 acres
---...........
Leased 211.0015 acrs
27 lots.
4 acre
Value
8.24 ars
11,500
-
......-
-
4,000
115,50
1.000
--
201028
are
400(1
5/,
Staple~ Ridge
5:13, 120
1,001)
(4 oWnes
-...........0
North toseicsan-
- lots; 0.11
acres...
Leased 200 acres
1,12
~~~1,515
--- 65.403
-
-
(110o.wners)
Leased Not known
.
.
Penticton-
50.320
(0onr)
2,500
Iease~d
-Lots and acreace
Lesaae
acres
-
184,667
6 ~ ~ ~ )f loss-t
180,125
(45 owners
155.1 ars.
275.2 acrs
0,8
.Lased
20itU..
spallume.hee
7,800
87.0
7.455)
kenw..n-
...
--17,100------..
225.41 acres,;.j
58.800
07 ace 2-- 8,08 0
100 ars..
18,000
4,600
19 lots. .
(12 uncs)
18,698
10,880
age
Not known.
.
12 lots
4,780
(7 owners
-...
147.48 acrs-
25,710
170,000
101,000
6,0
218,000
400 Iota.
01 lois
41,0001
...-...
acres...-------
Leased 400 acres
-------
.-----
SummerlaudL -assd
Ssirrey
ars
-1~~~~~~~6
Leased 175) acres
Wes't Vancouver%
55 lots
-(27 owners)
...
~~~~250 lots
10)5 acres
Leased 240 acres
-
1,170
N at
85.17 aces
-
.....-
0,800
.3800
--
18,140
Salmon Arm-.......
------Leased 210 ac2re
South
Vancouver
5oace
------------255.84 ace.
110,507 Lots andace
10,855 Lots and acre
50,805
Leased 2,1344 acre...
Snansek
-
IiSe
"lOj
It ace. .
2,450
30 acres
ace
-------Not known,-
k-ow------
o
1......
10
500
(1 owners)
101,210.
1,9000--
-- -
Richmond-
05--acres
-----------
10.7 ars
Point Grey-
-
55.08
1,060
01 ars---
6,220
Leased 7.2452 ce..
Pitt Meadows¶.
800
(5 owners)
150,487,
2,178 acre.
lots,
8
-1
10.5 aces
Not snawn
-
2lots.
-
--
6ace-125 acrs-.
1 1st
----
Leased C crs
Alatoqo
---....o.acres.......45,000
Leased 50 acres--68--cro---
Oat R y
---
-----
78 aces3
5100
(2 aunr)(11 owners)
71Soacres.......,--00
-4 3ce
5410
Nsiets Vancnve--.184 lots
acresg
2 acres
-
aces-----
20
-1~~~~~~.25acrs
-
-
--------
000
acre -
Leased
Leased
15-,2605
$
---
Delta-----202 ars..
11,575 2153ae
Leased 100 ace-0
..0 acres
Esquinsalt - -------lot
-500 2 lots ..
Mrs
ills-----------------Loncleyl-
crs
(21 owners)
I
Leaaed 40 acre.-
Kent--
3.20
142
.
Vle
----cres
.201 acre00
47 acres
......
mut.
40,005
-(lwnr)
act - -.......-,Ltst
Chsilliec
Coldatrea--
Amoun.t.
Value
Lots -425
S20 lots.
Lots
-~~~~~~
25loa-,s
246 ses
2,500
ace 25,191~~~~40
0,500
160 acre s
Todanac - -.-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~----Lots
4.085-------1
450,118
177,55
17
os- 8 5,5
27+ lots22,580
61,11)5
5,655.1+ ac. 885,107 208.00+ ac...
1,150.55+ a.220,540+
Leased:
10 lots
LeaedLase,,d
45,700+ 570.84 acres
764.48 acre.s
65,485..
6,181,057ac
410,007+
-
1
Abbotsford--------------------800-.......
Lease3d stores - .
Creoto-taco--------
180
5 lots
.
12,000
1,5100
~
-
acres...
44,084
~~~~~~~~~~~~~----------73
10,22.5
11,055 15 1lts
-
73 acres ..$
44,084
1 lots
14 ~~~~
~~lots,
10.405
1st-$s
$
740
2
Burns Lake*1--
-------
L
Leased Store
Mission
Ssaithers
Van-derhost.f .
~~~~2,0lots
2 lots
2
,50-
.
$
lots
257,125
I trs
-----
..
-
$
740
2,100
Dining-esoma of twa hotels run by Chies. There, are Ga Chinese en thse loud in this district.
Na load leased ts Oclenelsl.
1-Taoeete Chinese bosses,, who sublet to sixty-three workers.
§Ten
apanes, oneChiee n nidr no-reidntowerfa an aetreaste of 585 aces at
The C.51.C. states, that ehereo is sot a single Oriental residing in this municipality.
¶ The .MC gives the~
population othebb municipality Isy actual counjt in April, 1026, a, (39l whites,,
81 Japanese, 6 Chinese,, or a total at 486. Eatyoeprnsn vrysxisJa ne.
The, Clerk states that the only Orletals in toe villageae three, employed in hotels,.
Corn. |T8.23-
ORIENTAL-Gal. SIX.
ORIENTAL LANDI-IOLDING IN BRITISH COLI7MBIA-CotntiiiUeed.
INORiIANIZED TimRRTony.
ClixEs S0.
Assessment District.
Farm La,ds.
Amount.
AllCrni
JAPAN.SES.
Amount.
Value.
18,770
AerC',
1 378.80
1$
(84 powers)
26,284
64,400
(19i owners)
44,150
94.16
(15 owners)
24,1,21
---
Ashrolt
Wild Lands.
Improved Lands.
Value.
|Acres.
| .0 .----(2 owners)
.......1....
WildLnds,
Amount.
Value.
Acres.
(6 owners)
205,498
Leased 1,968 |(12 lessees)
Atin._
....
,
,,, ,
18,036
~~~728.2
Timber
iands
Cowichan
........
Foet
(10 oners)
..
2,252
|(3owes
,
,
Steele.
Glaliano
260
1,210
22 ,
(7 owners)
511.49
('9 owners)
13,870
1.18
16,650
|-----------|
(See
Isiand.
$
(I asener)
128,699
Saltspring Island.)
.ode
Leased
151150.~
Leased 1,194
(2 lessees )
Kettle River and Princeton. .
.
4TO.70
(3 owners)
Lilooet.400 --------.------(. owner)
Leased 1,987.78 -.-(14 lessees)
lty-ne Isand. (See
der Island,)
New Wetminster.
Nicola ..............
,
,
Leased 430 -
(9
I'onder
128,200
l'rince
ileorge.--------------
16,401)
T00
11.87 -.-(22 swn(rs )
61,315
1,400
(4 owners).
3,.00
1,906
(7 owners)
1,680
(09awners )...
6,525
Quesnel
Fu
640
600
41,565
-
23,300
eo-'
owner)
(01
-- -- --- ---- ------1
4,200
lessee)
a........----------(12 wownrs)
75,
------------
(1 swner)
(1.0
t'rince Rupert
wowers )
13,670
1,281
(32 oers)
67,993
(10
3,020
179.34
(4 owners)
rl
263.81
........
250
(2 owners)
(1
lessee)
|(1
owner)
Creek
IS238O
(3 owners)
400
(1
206.99.
(11 owners)
4 ....
(4 owners)
owner).
....
1,875
----------------|
(1 owner)
52,900
.111............
.322.89
.
(18 o-ners)
(6
5,680
5,350
163.a0.
(2 owners)
22,400
77.14
Victoria..
1,221
0.16
,
.|h6.7
-----
4,320
Leased 82
(4 lessees)
Vancouver
owners)
..
1S,100
,.,,,,,
TIler.h
(1
2,000
2,800
Leased 8.33
Saltspring
Slocann.
(1Dawnera )..
7,800
--168.---
800
160
(1 lessee)
Revelsto-e
..
40
37.61
(1 owner)
lessees)
I(1
I
Cosime .
7,000
3.06.
(12 owners)
148
.sg .......... .
Leased 2.7
l'oulce
(11 owners).
7,100
(1 lessee)
669.50
(0) owners)
Island
1t,12i6
09,216
9.77
(1 owner)
45 ---.---..
(1 owner)
-
Nelson
(2 lessees)
11,800
1|T1.17*
(9 owuers)
.....
IKamloopo
(14 ossnera)
410
.1
*-75
owners)
3.600
j
76
owners
hold
6,006.04
acres
of farisi
3
43
owners
hold 2,262
lessees hold
acres
5,927.11
timber land, valued
acres
farm
$252,333
land, valued at
282 owners hold 2,722.11 acres plus town lots improved land,
40 owners hold 730.61 acres wild land, valued at
valued at
at.
land, valued
at.
333,107
6,407
128,699
465,838
3,850
268
improved land, valued at
In other words: 448 Orientals occupy 17,905.87 acres in the unorganized districts, of an
There is
from
Crown.
the
leased
is
leased
be
understood
assessed value of $1,190,234. By
to
110 estimate of the amount of Crown-granted land which is leased by the owners to Oriental
tessauts, but it is known to be very considerable.
4 lessees hold
acres
...............................
ORIENTAL-nal. SEVEN.
ORIENTALS IN INDUSTRY.
On the closing day of the session of 1925 the Ilonourable the Minister of Labour fled
answers to certain questions regarding the number of Orientals in industrial employment over
a series of years. The questions calling for statistical reply were as follows:1. At what figure does the Department of Labour estimate the number of Chinese, Japanese,
and Hindus employed in British Columbia industry in the first six months of 1925; in 1924, iln
1923, in 1922, in 1921, in 1920, in 1919, in 1918, in 1917, in 1910, in 1915, in 1914, in 1913, In 1912,
in 1911, in 1910, 1909, in 1908, in 1907, in 1906, in 1905. in 1904, in 1903, in 1902, in 1901, and
in 1900?
2. How many Chinese were employed ill sawmills, in shingle- mills, in mines, in fishing, ill
agriculture, and in other industries iii the first six months of 1925; in 1924, in 1923, in 1922, in
1921, in 1920, in 1910, and in 1900?
3. How many Japanese were employed in sawmills, in shingle-lnills, in mines, in fishing, ill
agriculture, and in other industries in the same years?
4. How many Hindus were employed in sawmills, iil shingle-mills, in nibmes, ill fishing, ill
agriculture, and in other industries i the saene years?
The replies xvere as follows:1. Chinese: 1925 (six months), 2,550; 1924, 0,391; 1923, 7,241 1922, 1.484; 1921, 5,691;
192O, 5,917; 1919, 5,437; 1918, 5,928. Japanese: 19295 (six months), 1,512; 1924, 3,809; 1923,
4,536; 1922, 3,832; 1921, 3,30S; 1920, 3,001; 1919, 2,514; 1918, 2,759. Hindu-s: 1925 (six
months), 392; 1924, 980; 1923, 1,151; 1922, 1,134; 1921, 784; 1920,-742; 1919, 085; 1918, 507.
2. Sawumills: 1924, 1,797; 1923, 1,9lO ; 1922, 1,817; 1921, 1,274; 1120. 1,487; 1919, 1,515;
1918, 1,071. Shingle-mills: 1024, '103; 1923, '1,233; 1922. 1,13:3; 11121, 1,019; 1020, 870; 1S111,
801; 1918, 800. Mines: 1924, 621; 1923, 022; 1922, 795; 1921, 855; 1,920, 948; 1919, 923;
1918, 1,120. Other Industries: 1924, 3,070; 1923, 3.430; 1922, 2,739); 1921, 2,443; 1'.20, 2,(,12;
1919, 2,198; 1918, 2,907.
3. Sawmills: 1924, 1,384; 1923, 1,287; 1922, I,IS8; 1921, 973; 1920, 91(; 1919, 972; 1918,
861. Shingle-umills: 1924, 153; 1923, 417; 1922, 331; 1921, 323; 1920, 200; 199, 1.15; 1918, 158.
Mines: 1924, 129; 1923, 200; 1922, 105; 1921, 112; 1920, 133; 1919, 241; 1918, 231. Other
Industries: 1924, 2,115; 1923, 2,632; 1922, 2,142; 11)21, 1,19,0; 1920, l,6ilt; 1910), 1,121; 1918,
1,103.
4. Sawnmills: 1924, 609; 1923, 802; 1922, ;583; 1921, 445; 1920, 3l2; 1919, 476; 1918, 220.
Shingle-mills: 1924, 21; 1923, 24; 1922, 37T; 1921, 8; 1920, 45; 1919, -; 1918, 5. Mines: 1924,
-, 1923, 59; 1922, -; 1921, -; 1D920, 1; 1%19, -; 18)S -. Other Industries: 19.24, 150;
1923, 209; 1922, 514; 1921, 331; 1920, 304; 1919, 182; 1918, 336.
NoTE.-No statistics are available in respect to years prior to 1918.
,The report of the Deputy Mhiister of Labour for the year ended December 31st, 1925, cointained the following paragraphs:" The proportion of Asiatic workers in our industries also shows a decrease, and the 11,30
per cent. Qf Orientals is the smallest percentage recorded in any year since 1918, when the
compilation of these returns was begun. In that year 20.37 per cent. of our industrial workers
were of Asiatic origin. In the following year the percentage fell to 18.35, in 1920 to 16.64, and
in later years it was 14.45 iu 1921, 14.61 in 1922, 1I185 in 1923, 11.97 in 1924, and now 11,0. It
is an odd circumstance that, while the Chinese in our industries have increased their numbers
and kept up their proportion, both-the Japanese and the Hindus are a smaller factor than i
1924. From this it would appear that, while there is a reserve of Chinese labour' in the Province
which can be drawn upoe'uwhen times are busy, the Japanese and Hindus are not in a position to
respond so readily to a demand for extra help.
" Lumbering employed more Chinese and
few-er Hindus, as also did the manufacture of food
products, the miscellaneous group also showing a larger nuniber of Chinese employed. The lower
percentage of Japanese employees was chiefly accounted for in the manufacture of explosives
and chemicals, food products, and the metal trades, little variation from the tire- ious year being
witnessed in the lumbering industry The latter, which employed 22.34 per ecnt. of Asiaticsill
1923 and 21.78 per cent. in 1924, reduced the proportion to A0.40 per cent. last year. This
proportion differed greatly in the various branches of the industry. Thus, legging had 7.53per
cent.; sawmills, 33.73 per cent.; planing-mills, 36.85 per cent.; and shimigle-umille, 40.,'l) per cent."
The statistical tables in the report of the Departmemit of Labour show the following figures
regarding Orientals in the several industries during 1925:MA-E.
.
Manufacturing foed products-.....-----------.
.
-----------------. .
Metal-mining.
Ceal-mining .
-------------
.
8
1,272
52 1
.5473
Smeltig...--------------------------... 46
26..260
Builders' materials
413
Coast shipping .
.-------3
Contracting. .------------------.. 70
Chemicals,
28
.
25-------..-.
Garmeat-making.. ..
houas furnishings . -1.-..-...-...
1
.
Jewelle
r -------...
v .-.--47
Laundry, cleaning, dyeiug..1
Leather and ftr. .............----
83
....
72
71
.
....
2
1
-------
13
Pit-refning
Printing and
1 ..-.
6
..1--- ..--.-.----.-..-...
1..
...gas,power, and tele-
publislling
Street-railways,
plhanes.
T.Wtal
..7
14
3
5
.
l
24
;
.j74
--6,-74-78---,5-0
1 3t18
....
....
. 554
...............
7
111
53.
..-9
1
1
Japanese.
1
71
----------------------------
Metal trades.
Chinese.
2,4373
728
23
1
3,865
Lumber industries. . -.......-----...-...
..
9
Other woedmanufacturing
Pullp and paper ..5.
mAm.L-
Japanese.
Hindus.
Chinese.
33
2
4
These statistics are obtained from the returns submitted by 4,138firms of employers and
do not include Orientalswvhol maybe ensployed by wholesale and retail firnas, r!ailway,express,
and ocean stealllship companies, coal and wood yards, delivery and cartage services, or in
agricultural or domestic occupations.
OIRIENTAL-Gal.
EIGHT.
ORIENTALS IN COAL-MINES.
The late Chief Inspector of Mines reported that during the year 1925 there were employed
underground in the coal-minhes of the Province 288 Orientals, 226 of whom were Chilese and 62
Japanese. There were employed above ground 244, all Chinese. Employed in and about coalmines during the year mentioned there were, therefore, a total of 512 Orientals, 45,0 Chinese. aud
62 Japanese.
RECAPITULATION.
Chinese.
graucd
.........................
.
UGdeeground
Totals..................... ...........)45.
Above
226
224
62
6
2
Japanese.
Total.
288
224
512
NO ORIENTALS ON PUBLIC WORKS.
The Deputy M'inister of Public Worxks reports that in so far as public works are concerned
no Oriental labour is permitted, either directly or indirectly, on any contract or day-labour work
on roads, bridges, buildings, or any public works whatever. Clause 45 in the Department's form
of contract agreement reads as follows, in specific language:"The contractor shall not, directly or indirectly, employ any Asiatic upon, about, or ill
connection with the works; and in the event of his so doing the Minister may declare forfeited
to His Majesty all moneys due or to accrue due the contractor."
No goods for use in the Department of Public Works are purchased from Oriental firms.
Once in a while small purchases have been made by new or subordinate officials who were
ignorant of this rule, but generally speaking this restrictive regulation is rigidly enforced.
ORIENTAL TRADING ACTIVITIES.
A survey of the trading activities of the Oriental races in British Columbia shows that ill
the entire Province, in 1925, there u-ere 3,231 Asiatics licensed to carry on business in the various
professions, commercial pursuits, trades, and dealings for which licenses are required. Of these,
2,122 were Chinese, 1,034 Japanese, and 75 lHindus. In the cities 2,647 licenses were held, in
the rural municipalities 354, in the villages 20, and in unorganized territory 142.
In the appended table is sumnmarized the information received from the several municipal
licensing officials and the Provincial Police regarding the number of licenses held by each of the
Asiatic races in the year mentioned, with the trades which they carry on. In some cases the
classification of "'general, store, retail store, or general merchant" covers some of the trades
segregated under individual headings in other munnicipalities, but the figures in the recapitulation
give the minimum engaged ill each calling.
In the case of the City of Vancouver, where 56 per cent. of the Oriental licence-holders In
theu
whole Province are found, it has been possible to make an analysis of the proportion they
bear to other races, thanks to the very full information furnished by the civic authorities. It is
thus evident that in 1925 Orientals constituted the given percentages of the total number of
licensees in each of the classes of trades following:
Per Cent
Laundries and laundry offices
821½2
Greengrocers .------------
91
Hawkers and peddlers .------------------ 72
.
62
Poulterers -..
..
45
Fish-dealers .
------
Restaurants
.
--------
Bath-parlourse
.
Cleaners and dyers .
.32
Barbers
...
53
39
Per Cent.
Grocers
Wood-dealers .25
Hiardare-
.......................
20
Lodging-houses......................
Caondy and fruit dealers
....
.33 Dressmakers..................
Shoe-repairing
25
..
.......
23
25
16
15
Men's clothing.......................
121/a
12
Printers and publishers
29
12
Pool-rooms
Dry-goods .
...................
.... 31
Tailors ...
...
Licensed vehicles . ---- 14
26
Taxicabs
Jewelers
10
26
Auto-driversrobacconists ............9
Taking the Province as a whole, the Chinese are to the Japanese as 2 to 1 in the holding of
trade licenses. In Victoria nearly all are held by Chinese. In Vaiscouver the Japanese licenceholders are to the Chinese 5 to 6. Among the district municipalities Richmond has 87 out of the
total of 122 trade licenses issued to Japanese in all districts, while the adjoining municipalities
of South Vancouver and Burnaby have between them more than one-third of the trade licences
--------------
---
..............
issued to Chinese in all districts.
ORIENTAL-Gal. NINE.
ORIENTALS IN SCHOOLS.
The followluig are the figures in regard to Oriental children attending the public schools of
British Columbia from the school-year 19.22-23 onward, figures for earlier years uot being ottaisnable:Year.
White.
1922-23
1923-24
1924-2
1925-26
Chinese.
1,346
92,120
.-l3,15
.
..............
...............
-------------
9.794
1,397 2,477
Japanese.
111idu.
1,422
16
30
1.423
1,725
1,312
216
2,414
20
From these figures it appears that Orientals were 2.9 per ceist. of the school population in
1922-23, 3.3 per cent. in 1923-24, 3.9 per cent. in 1924-25, and 3.$3 per cent. in 192 -26. These
percentages were more than double the sate of increase in the total school population, which
was 1.56 per cent. in 1923-24 over 1922-23 alssd 1.7 per edit. iss 1,924 -2a, and slightly greater thin
the rate of 3.S per cent. in 19925-26.
Startling are the figures of increase in the school population of the various Oriental races.
The attendance of (children of Japanese parents -tas 21.31 per cent. greater iu 1923-24 than
it was in 1922-23; there wvas an increase of 39.94 per cesit. the next year, liut the increase for
the school-year ended June 30th last was only 2.61 per cent. over the previous twelve months.
Il three years the school attendance of this race has increased by 74 per cent.
The attendance of Chinese children in 1923 214 showed an increase of 3.721 per ceist. over the
year before, but dropped off in 1924-25 to ai pointt a little below the attendance of 1922-23. In
the school-year closing last June, however, there was an increase of 01/2 per ceist. over the
previous year.
The Hindu school population appears negligible ill point of numbers alongside the two other
races, but there wvas an increase in pupils of 87/ per cent. in 1923-24 over 1922-23. While
there has been a falling-off iu both 1924-25 nid 1)2.i-26, the attendance in those years over
1922-23 still was 621/2 per cent. and 23 per cesit. respectively.
The attendance of ehildres of Oriental parentage at the public schools during 1923-26 was
as follows:-
Municipal schools.
City srhsoos...........
It-ral schools..........
Chinese.
Japanese.
Hlndus.
1,185
113
99
1,244
12
7
911
282 1
Totals.1,397
2,477
20
SMALL-FRUIT ACREAGE IN BRITISH COLUMBIA.
SUMMARY OF PERSONS ENGAGEJD IN THE INDUSTRY AND ACREAGE, YEAR 19212.
Whale Province
Lower Fraser
Vascouver
2,041
...
876
181
White growers-
Number..
Acreage
goiwst442 g1wr
Number..
Acreage .--
..........
:3,1T6
......
.2,124
. .½
344
.--.--.--....---.-.... -. 1,411%1.366 311
................grower.
Percentage of totalgws
Percentage of total acreage.27%---%-4%
3.8%
%
14.5% 26.8e
2736 %
815
23
ORIENTAL-Gal. TEN
BRITISH COLUMBIA GREENHOUSE SURVEY, 1923.
District.
No. of boots.
No. of Growers.
Lower
Mainland (whites)
Lower Mainland
Area in Square Feet.
45
235 l
690,480
2 28
}8410
(Chfinese) , --------------------, . ... ,
Vancouver Island (whites). .1
,
218
570,930
Vancouver Island (Chine-se)
092
:
,82,382f
,,,,.,,,,,.,,..
Okanagan._ , ,, ,,
,,,,,
67,770
3.
8
Iisotenays ,...,,., , ,, ,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,
16 29,948
5
626
Total ..120
.1,90,180
.
White grov-ers..
1,230,128
---100-500
Oriental growers,,,
- --.-546,032 120
11
,,,,,,-,,,,,-,,,,,,,
,,,,,
163:67
854,150
3
953'
gro wears, 28 per cest. of glass area.
Orientals, 9 per cent.
BRITISH COLUMBIA GREENHOUSE SURVEY, 1925.
No. of Growers. No. of Houses.
IDistrict.
Lower Mainland (whites).36,
Lower Mainland (Chinese)..................., ,, , ,,,,, ...........,,
Vancouver Island.(whites) ..............0
Vancouver Island (Chinese)3
,
3
.
6
Area in Square Feet.
,,,.
284.
,,,
24
8
A1
129,20
338
654,6 4)
44
Oklanagan..3_ ,,,-,
12
.
23 33,737
Ifootenays
.,,,,, .,,, ,,.,. ,,,,,,,,,,-,,,,,,.8
Totals
162
..........
,--o
782,13400,4
208,704)990,948
4
35o7
067
80,630
.2,327,356
803
,141
3)1,463,898
White growers.,
Oriental growers......................
206863,21
438
Orientals, 13 per cent. of growers, 37 per cent. of glass area.. Pe, Cent
Total increase in glass area, 1925 and 1923 survey.
..
,,........
White increase in glass area, 1025 and 1922 survey-,., . 8
Oriental increase in glass area, 1923 and 1823 survey,.8
22
,.,,
LAND OWNED AND LEASED BY JAPANESE AND CHINESE
IN B.C., 1921.
No. of Owners
or Lessees.
Total
Acreage.
8,385.78
1o,664.61
14,050.39
O
Truckchad. Small-fruit|
Growing. farming
2,096.21
25.81
l 2,122.02
139.00
7.20
64.00
176.00
14.10
190.50
Land owned by Japanese
Laud owned by Chinese, ,
Totals------.----------Ind teased by Japanese
1,and leased y Chinese
492
2368
11,087.12
Totals,4 ,,,,,,.,,,.
strand tstal, lands owned
472
12,868.38
176.20
1,080
26,918.77
367.00
and leased
,
116
608
1
,7
2
219.00 I
281.30
1,632.93
1,914.43
5 560.2
8,184.32
8,744.80
2,341.02 10,659.23
Mixed
Dairy- Farming.
farming.
631.28
80
..
l80
45
1,839.28
.,
2,38.00
1,228.00
236.73
432
1,817.73
333
2,677.03
ORIENTAL-(Gal.
ELEVEN
ORIENTALS IN THE FISHING INDUSTRY.
The regulation of the deep-sea fisheries comhig under the control of the Federal authorities,;,
anything being done to reduce Oriental iarticiluatton in that great industry of this Province,
which had gradually assumed very large proportions, as conspared with whites and native Iondians,
is in their hands. Since 1922 a policy of reduction has been in effect, in regard to this itolico'
the Chief Inspeitor of 'Fisheries for tihis (oast, -Major J, A. Mlotherwell, Vaucouver, speaks as
follows in the annual report of the Fisheries Branch of -the hleparttnetst of 'Miltarine and Fisheries,
for 1li23-24:
" The gradual elimination of the Orieistals front the, fisheries of' the Province Is primarily for
the purpose of providing greater encouragement to white meii cud Caunadian Indians to take nit
fishing for a livitig. By reference to the very interesting statement attached the results in connection with the salmon gill-net operations in the several areas will be observed. Exteisdiiig over
the whole Province the increase, in the number of whites was 9.5 per cent., and in the case of
indians 7.4 per cent., and in th'e case of Orientals a decrease of 40 per cetit., which wvas recomimended by the 1922 Fisheries ('Connission. The total number of tislserineto of all nationalities
decreased 534, or 11.9 per cent. Ott the Fraser Rliver there was an increase of 6.2 per cent. lit
whites, but a decrease of 29.6 per cetit. iii the case of Indians. Ott the, Skeenti River the increase
ho whItes was 11.90 per cent, and 1.6.2 in Indlaiss.
"In the case of sainton-trolling, while rthe reduictioit itt Orieuttal licetices wits 25 per cent., tih'
increase in Indians was 18.0 per ecten. but there was a dec-retase in whites of 6.1 per cent. Out of
1.446 trolling licences issued for the Province, 1,1554 were issued for District No. 3, 579 for the
east coast sand 575 for the west coast of Vancouver Island.
" It is ittterestitg to note that ott the east coast the htcrettse itt whites atnoutit to 69.7 pet
cent. autd in the case of Indiains 345.4 list ceitt., but ott the west coast, where operations are con1siderably itore difficult and hazardous, there wits a decrease of 22.6 per cetit. in the case of whites
and 14.1 per cent. in the case of Indians in spite of the reduction of 25 per cent. in Oriontals.
" Cod-fishing by uteans of lines wits not licensed prior to 1923, but for the purpose of including this method of fishing Cs the general reduction in the case of Orientals licences were required
of all nationalities. it is the intention during 1924 to include cod hatd-liuc licecuecs itt the
general policy of a 40-per-cent. reductions in the case of Orientals.
" Owing to the desirability of eliminating or greatly retlucing the quantities of grayfish aild
the necessity of every etteouragentent to this end, and which policy was recontmenided by the
Fisheries Conmmission of 1922, there is no lintitation to the nuniber of grayfish licences which
utay be issued to Orientals or other nationalities providing they are British subjects.
" The policy of the elintination of the Oriental hi salitton-seining operations naturally resulted
in the developtetit of this class of fishitig by wvhites. The expterience has been that white sehie
crews can be just as efficient, if not more so, than the Oriental, aud this apislies very largely ito
the Oriental as well."
The following is the statement referred to by Major Motherwell:
SALMON GILL-INET LICENCES ISSUED IN 1923.
OsDscst-Ass
licac~se AND
Psa Coa.T.FRO01t 19)22
~ 000.
Ltcr~xccs
Whites~.
whale Prvne1
Per!entage
Whites~Indians
,042
0,100
0,090
0,0057
+172
+ 00
414
27
023
064
4 24
-7
244
+
c0e
±19
District Na. 0
District Na. 2N.sa ti-es.
india-s. Jaaes.Toa.
100
90
337
78
..
SkeessRitts-ec 0-----Percetag.-- 1.
400
014
I-iver and Smith Inlets;
..........
Perce tage
020
049
Ostlying
385
0
.
Percentag..-485.
Totals
.
Dis~trict No. 2
Per".tage..
I1
0,074
Percentage.-
+1
0,172
030
47
8.0
+114
041
2,8501
+ 151
040
-01
.
-063
39.9
0.7
+ 47
0.09
00.0
40.0
4
-
+ 41
+
11.2
-257
40.0
- 2
io
00.2
00.0
00
Dtotcict~~~~~~~a.1
.04 20
0.106
~-.
2
.1.
------
66
-53
10.0
40.0
0340
-332
00.040.020.0
0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.2
-
01
-700
7.4
Porcentage.-
i'ercetage.--.
T total, Mu
Noationa'l-
sae.
-40
-
00
1lt.7
-191
17.5
190
.
+1
20.0)
-427
-100
80
40.0
1.03
0.1
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~+ 11i
17.0 --22.0
42
-20
40.09
22.8
SALMOIN-T-ROLIANG LICENCES ISSUED IN 5923.
Whls Prvi9o.
8
.
Percentage
Perce~nta~ge
District Na. 2
.
..,.
...
.
Percetage
East Csast.000-------Percentage.._
162
Diotrict Na. I3I
Wes.t Coast
409
040)
.
District Ne. 0.001
P-eretage...
-.
104
1
207
070
3
100
104
10
200
144
070
al
3000
248
0,004
Percentage..22.0
40
1.44
20
25
DtstrlctNo.1I
+
61-00
47.01
- 5
4.0
40.4
+0138 +108
. 0.7
041.4
-0
+ 47.0.
-140
1
-140
-
831
.
.
21.001.0
0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.1
5
5
.
Ii
+ 57
20.1
-
40-
00.0
-
10.7
34
24.7
+212
48
-141
14.1
20.0
+ 00
20.1
21.0
82
17.8
00.7
+7
0.0V
BOAT LICENCES.
Whets Province
74
Percen.tage.
tt
-----4.9
0
691.
170
20.
2.
BUVERS' LICENCEiS.
Whole Province
Percetage..
10
5
25
10C2
...-
+ 47.
-
00.110.0
1
+13
28.0
ORIENTAL- Gal. TWELVE.
ORIENTALS IN TEE FISHING
LXIDUS'TRY-Coiints act.
(Thief tuspeetor Motherwell lie his report for 15125 his the following tto Oily oii the, lasslies
subject:
"The Department's policy of elimiisatiiig the Oricital frens the fisheries of the Provieint
with a view to placing the entire Industry in the stands of whtte British subjects and Canadian
Indians appears to -to working out well, as is shown by attached statesenets, which covets ii
very large proportisis of the total number of licences issued which Orientals were permitted to
hold. In the salmon gill-net operations the Orientals during the year 1925 held only 24 per ceitt.
and In the salmon-trollisig 10.5 per cent. of the total stusuer issued in tile Province.
" In the herring dry-salting operations a further redut-tion of 25 per cent. was suede
durisig
the year, making a total of 50 per cent., and in the case of salmon dry-salting, a first reduction
of 25 per cent. went, Into effect, and it is the isytentioss to continue this percentage each year
until these industries are entirely in the hands of whites or Canadian Indians."
A statement showing the number of salmon gill-net licences hi District No. 2 using powerboats gives the following lisforsoation:Divisio..
Nass -----Skeena
Bells
IWhitet.
InIdian-s.
Japanese.
Total.
43
12
10
39
8
-
..48
--
16
Cools-......-------
5
8
9
3
9
1
Totals-~~~~
~~~
riresh inlet-.....9---------S ih
inlet-8------
44
e
22
~~~~~~~~~~~~~192
The statement showing the effect of the Dlepartusent's policy of elisisnatisig Orientals froni
the fisheries, sinsilar to that given ahove for 19223, gives the following details as to the Increase
or decrease in tile nussber ef licences issued hn 1925 over the nunsher issued in -1922
SALMON GILL-NETS LICENCE'S ISSUED IN 1925.
Assl FsOsi 1922
-rcsnoDec.
41 PaPer
Lim.Nes issUEn, 1925.
Whites.
Intiana. JapaneseToa.
Whites.
1,241
1,019'
4,225
-------1,968
IWhole Provio~e
.83.5..26.8
Perceotage-_.. ....----Disrit No. 1
s9
485
-
445
+493
Toa, all
Intliasa. ~Japanese. Ntat1os-1
+215
969
5
14.7
Percentage----------------24.4
District
Na, 2NasaRiver-
12
127
81
Percentag
339
401
I327
62.
-I180
1,067
--..........111.2
405
643
Peretage2178
Ostlying ---------------
Percentage_
Totals_
District No. 2 -_.....
29.
210
......
.... ..
Skeens River-.....
Percentage
irers, and Smith Inlet~s
-
81
-
128
56
-974
-lee
48.
4- 95
1,127I 4-- 76
--.....18.4
462
41
---18.1J
+ 279
28 .1
_1,272
1,649
545
2,866
District No. ----------I206
1159
25
390
Percetage
119
4_
Percenetage-..186.5
8.
+
_427
48.9
5.9
-827
29.2
77
48.7
-
+111
-8151
38.5
49.
-
-
2.
64
18 .7
+4
61.0
76
-
-
94
M0O
24
2.2
- 64
1.4
48.4
55 1+37
49.5
87
+ 99
-521~
10.4
48.0j
+111 J-24
211.13
48.
-145
4.8
+206
111.9
SALMON-TROLLINIG LI-CENCES ISSUED IN 5029.
Whole Prolvine.......
598
1,091
Percentage_._..
Percentage.
191
1,821
+482
50
+ 26
+200
-.
50
... .
Diatrict Na. 2_.1..........
28
I
-----
+25
___
182
510
+
104
+
Percen~tage.
WelCoast_
P-eretage
508
103
210
2515
so
686
+265
+
81,
+148
49
40.9
+190
38
58.4
111.8
+
100.0
96.9
46.4
District No.2Neat Coast_............
25.4
62.1
108.3
Percentage,..
+16,9
-113
58.0
79.1
District Na. 1.
5.
8.8.3
_191
+ 114
81.4
70.7
+
6
68.7
1.1
61.7
18.4
Totals-
District No. 3
713
357
+
1,261
Pmeretage......
835 ,2
97.5
+
152-
74.1
1
BOAT LICENCES.
Whole Provinc~e
.
18
2L
82
21
4
6-1
-1
P"eretage.......100.0.50.1.12.9
BUYERS' LI('IENGES.
Whole Province.
41
20
Percentage.
-21.2
61
I
.
51.8~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1.
6