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Vulcanology and Sabo Engineering
in Honduras
By Ing. Martín Pérez Lara
Lima, Peru 21/25 Nov 2005
Vulcanology in Honduras
• SEISMICITY AND TECTONIC LOCATION
• Honduras are located in the Central American
region that is characterized by a series of
geotectonic fractures at global level and also
exposed to local faults in all the countries that
conform it, since in the north, in the Atlantic, they
are interacting the Plate of North America and
the Plate of the Caribbean, divided by the Grave
of the Great Cayman. In the South part, in the
Pacific, the Coconut Plate is distinguished
throughout all the Central American countries
(zone of subduction) forming the Grave of
Mesoamérica.
…Seismicity
• This geologic structure arrives until the crest
from Coconuts at level of the border between
Costa Rica and Panama. The Plate of Is born
acts at level of Panama, through the Galápagos
Plate with parallel movement to the block of
Panama that also affects to Costa Rica through
a transcurrente fault (To see annexed Figure).
This tectonic structure generates important
activity seismic and has caused great
destructive tremors in the Central American
region.
Location of Honduras
Volcanic threatens
• Central America, as it leaves from the Fire
Belt of the Circunpacífic is holds to the
volcano threat in permanent activity. They
are considered more than 20 active
volcanos in the region.
In Honduras
registries of recent eruptions are not only
had, due to it does not exist a permanent
monitoring in volcanic aspects, taking
place solely registries of minimum tremors,
through seismographs of the National
University of Honduras, UNAH.
Seismicity in Honduras
… Volcanic threatens
• The main events by natural disasters in
volcanic matter that affect the Honduran
territory register mainly in the neighboring
countries of Nicaragua, Guatemala and El
Salvador, by previous the advances in
Sabo Engineering, is oriented mainly to
the prevention and mitigation in cases of
hurricanes, common storms and tropical
depressions for Honduras.
Pico Bonito, La Ceiba, Honduras
Faults in the North region of
Honduras
Review of Seismic Activity in the
North Zone of the Country
Fecha
Lugar
Intensidad
M.
Mercalli
Mag.
Richter
Fenómenos y Daños
Terremoto que causó la destrucción de 108 casas en el
puerto de Trujillo y cobró varias victimas (Según el
Obispo, fue la erupción del Monte Blanco, un volcán al
Este de Trujillo).
07-1764
Trujillo,
Litoral
Mosquito
16-091773
Omoa
Un temblor seguido de un diluvio y viento fuerte que
inundó la población.
6-1780--12-1781
Omoa
4.9-5.4
Según lo describe un preso inglés que estuvo en el
fuerte de San Fernando de Omoa entre Junio de 1780 y
Diciembre de 1781:
“Mientras permanecí en el fuerte fuimos sacudidos
varias veces por tremendos terremotos. Uno de ellos tan
severo, que a pesar del sorprendente peso de la
instalación, estremeció sus bases y los estupendos
muros se rajaron de arriba a abajo.”
19-101820
Villa de
Omoa y
San
Pedro
Sula
5.5
Fuerte terremoto que destruyó la Villa de Omoa, y en
SPS varias casas y la iglesia se cayeron y hubo varias
victimas. Ocurrieron agrietamientos y deslizamientos.
Peraldo y Montero atribuyen este sismo a la extensión
de la falla de Motagua en el mar Caribe y estiman el
epicentro al Oeste de Omoa (frente a lo que es hoy
Puerto Cortés) siguiendo el curso de la falla.
2-2-1825
Islas de
la Bahía
(Roatán),
Golfo de
Honduras
VIII
VI-VIl
VI
6.0- 6.50
5.0-5.5
(Sutchl98l
)
Peraldo y Montero atribuyen este sismo al segmento
marino de la falla Motagua llamada falla Swan. y
estiman el epicentro a 16.70°N-86.20°W. La intensidad
estimada en Belice a unos 200 km del epicentro (y
donde hubo alarma) sería cerca de VI indicando una
probable magnitud Ms de 7.0.
Produjo tsunami local.
…Seismic
Fecha
Lugar
Intensidad
M.
Mercalli
Mag.
Richter
Activity
Fenómenos y Daños
2-1826
Isla de
Roatán
Sismo
22-23/61836
Omoa y
Centro
América
Sismo
1839
La
Mosquitia
Un fuerte sismo de aproximadamente 5 segundos de
duración que fue sucedido por otro temblor y
oscuros nubarrones que taparon el sol.
30-11846
OmoaPuerto
Cortés
Sujeto a investigación, pues se reportan daños en
Puerto
Santo Tomás (Lago Izabal), que es vecino a Omoa y
Pto.
Cortés. Se reporta haber afectado una pequeña
colonia de
Belgas fundada en el Rio Polochic.
8,18/81851
Trujillo
1114/111851
Tegucigalpa,
Trujillo
9-2-1853
Guatemala y
Trujillo
26/83/121853
Guatemala y
Trujillo
15-41854
Omoa,
Trujillo
VI
5.50
2 Temblores
VI-VIII
6-6.5
Según Montessus (1888. en Sutch, 1981) el temblor
deI 14 de
Noviembre destruyó algunas casas en Tegucigalpa.
Se asigna
Intensidad MM de VIII y magnitud entre 6.0 y 6.5.
VI
6- 7
Un fuerte temblor de movimiento horizontal y
vertical
Por varios meses la tierra tembló en Trujillo
ocasionando muchos daños
IX
Sismo
Sabo engineering in
Honduras: Hydraulic Works
Department DGOP-SOPTRAVI
Hydraulic Works
Functions
The Hydraulic Work Department, of the Main directorate of Public Works,
SOPTRAVI, is the one in charge to carry out the protection against the
Control of Floods, Erosion and Sedimentation to the Populated Zones,
Productive Agriculturists and Cattle dealers, to the Tourist zones, the
existing infrastructure. Making necessary civil works in the diverse rivers
of the country as much in it causes like in the margins, in addition it
makes the improvement of channels for the river communications,
optimal earth rehabilitation for the Agricultural operation contributing to
the rational use integrated of the resources water, earth and forests, in
the river basins and hydrographic river basins of the National territory.
Objectives
To study, to plan, to design, to construct and to supervise works for Control
of Floods, Erosion and Sedimentation like being: Greater and smaller,
imprisoned embankments, dredged, canalizations, drainages, walls, coatings,
structures.
To prevent the natural disasters.
To guarantee the maintenance and rehabilitation of existing hydraulic
works.
Recent projects Developed by
the Hydraulic Work
Department DGOP SOPTRAVI
COATING WITH Rocks Moramulca River-Valle And FRANCISCO
MORAZAN
WORKS OF EROSION CONTROL OF IN HIDROELECTRICAL CENTRAL
NACAOME
DREDGED And CANALIZATION IN THE CHOLUTECA RIVER ,OROCUINA
PROTECTION OF SLOPE WITH GABION, BONITO RIVER
SLOPE PROTECTION, BONITO RIVER
CANALIZATION TOCOA RIVER, TOCOA , COLON
DRAINAGE WORKS TOCOA,COLON
CONSTRUCTION OF EMBANKMENT AND CANALIZATION CHOLUTECA RIVER,
CHOLUTECA
CANALIZATION WORKS CANGREJAL RIVER
CONSTRUCTIVE PROCESS CANGREJAL RIVER
CANALIZATION CHIQUITO RIVER, MDC, F.M.
DREDGED OF CHIQUITO RIVER, MDC. F.M.
CANALIZATION WORKS IN CHOLUTECA RIVER, BO. LA
BOLSA MDC. F. M.
Finalized works of Canalization Choluteca River MDC. F.M.
the Floods Control In the
Department of Atlantida,
North Region of the Country
PROBLEMATIC
The Zone of the Atlantic Coast is one of the areas that but are affected annually
by the climatologic conditions that bring with himself the presence of the cold,
Strong fronts winter, Tropical Storms and Hurricanes. Being this one of the zones
of the country with high volume of annual precipitation.
The Rivers of the zone end at the Atlantic Ocean and their short length and
pending fort are characterized by that causes that its channel crosses with strong
speed causing damages to the road infrastructure that this located on the foot of
the high river basin and specially the productive floods in the populated centers
and zones that are located in the flood plain that extends from the average river
basin to the coastal zone. The region is characterized by being of ample agroindustrial and tourist productive potential. Dedicating itself mainly to the culture
of African Palm, milky Fragmentation hand grenade, Orange, Cattle ranch, banana
tree, banana, products. In General the River basins in their high part nevertheless
present/display one better condition in relation to the rest of the country with few
problems of deforestation, being their waters crystalline and apt for the use
domestic servant, specially after the Occurrence of the Mitch Hurricane in
Honduras increase the sediment production that is deposited in the low river
basins contributing to the problems of under flow of the rivers.
Location
The Department of Atlantida occupies a Geographic position between the
North latitudes 15º 30` and 15º 55`, long. W. 87º 50`y 86º 30`. Its area is
of 4.372,10 Km2.
• Weather
The weather is warm in its majority but it is refreshed by breezes of the sea.
The main problems to solve in the sector are the following ones:
•Control of floods in the parts mediates and low of the river basins
•Erosion control that presents in the margins
•Drag sediments Sliding earth landslides and avalanches
Between the short term objectives they consider the mitigation of risks of
floods in the centers populated bordering to the rivers with the zone and to
guarantee the life utility of the economic investments in the low zones
threatened by the floods which entailed to generate a better standard of life
to the settlers of the department of Atlantis, improving the continued
handling of the study area, avoiding the erosion of the ground by bad you
practice agricultural, it destroys and it burns of forests, protecting the river
basins by means of the appropriate work execution of handling to resist the
erosion and sedimentation through structural and nonstructural works.
Cover Area
the zone of attention includes/understands an area of approximately 4.372,10
Km2 in which are eight main river basins.
Beneficiaries
By means of the Construction of Protective installations that They control the
water flow and drag Sediments benefited the following Communities::
DEPARTMENT OF ATLÁNTIDA
POPULATION
HOUSE
TOTALY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
LA CEIBA
EL PORVENIR
ESPARTA
JUTIAPA
LA MASICA
SAN FRANCISCO
TELA
ARIZONA
TOTALY
MENS
WOMENS
80,629
315,755
155,203
160,552
34,043
3,639
3,598
6,163
5,267
2,649
20,641
4,629
127.476
13,789
15,468
27,494
22,630
10,680
78,537
19,681
61,054
6,897
7,921
13,973
11,372
5,318
38,789
9,879
66,422
6,892
7,547
13,521
11,258
5,362
39,748
9,802
Projects Implemented
recently by the Hydraulic
work Department DGOP
SOPTRAVI in the Department
of Atlantida
BEFORE
The necessity is observed to construct a embankment with greater
elevation, to canalize and to protect with structures of gabions
CANGREJAL RIVER
After
The proposed works have been made, Embankment, canalization
and Coating of Slopes
CANGREJAL RIVER
The construction is observed of embankment, canalization and coating of
gabions until certain height.
RIO CANGREJAL
Constructive process of Gabions, Cangrejal La Ceiba,
Atlántida
Operation of Embankments in Rainy season, Cangrejal river ,
the Ceiba, Atlantis
PROYECT LEAN RIVER
The works of canalization in the river right margin
The works of canalization are made the material in the right is
placed like protection
LEAN RIVER
DESTRUCTION OF I EMBANKMENT And ACCUMULATED MATERIAL
IN CHANNEL DANTO RIVER
EMERGENCY ACTIONS REGIONAL WORKS MACHINERY OF CEIBA FOR
CONSTRUCTION OF EMBANKMENTS And SEDIMENT CONTROL DANTO
RIVER
AEREAL VIEW PROYECT DANTO RIVER
AEREAL VIEW PROYECT DANTO RIVER
Embankment Constructive Process de Bordos, Río
Papaloteca, Jutiapa, Atlántida
Embankment, Papaloteca River,Jutiapa, Atlántida
Embankment , Papaloteca River, Jutiapa, Atlántida
Sabo Project Choloma River
• The developed recent project in its
constructive phase by cooperation of the
Government of Japan in Honduras, is the
project of the Rio Choloma in the
Department of Cortes, Honduran North
region between years 1998/2001
PROJECT CHOLOMA RIVER
By Ing. Claudio Calix
PROJECT CHOLOMA RIVER
• Antecedents: In 1974 the Fifí Hurricane It cause
to severe damages of floods and avalanches in
the Valley of Sula causing extensive collapses of
hills in the Mountain range of the Merendon
which has 1.700 a peak altitude of m.s.n.m.,
specially in the river basin of the Choloma River.
4.000 damaged houses, 2.500 dead people and
20.000 people damaged in the area of Choloma
with a total of 10.000 deaths in the Valley of Sula
caused by the drags and sediment flows were
reported.
Choloma River
… Choloma River
• Since then great amounts of sediment runoff of the Mountain range of the Merendon
have blocked the channels of the rivers
causing floods. Although the Valley of
Sula is the productive area but of
Honduras that produces most of products
for export as banana and sugar and
recently several industrial parks have been
developed, this area is extremely
vulnerable to the problems of erosion,
sedimentation and flood.
Choloma River
Choloma River
Map of Location, Project
Choloma River
… Choloma River
• In order to create optimal measures to
mitigate the damages of erosion,
sedimentation and floods, additional
examinations of field and studies
(Topographical
surveys
longitudinal,
cross-sectional and leveling in the area of
the river basin, geologic investigation and
ecological study and quality of water)
avalanches flows of and flood were made
of the situation of during and after the Fifí
Hurricane.
Perspective of the Project
… Choloma River
• With the purpose of preparing a plan
adapted for the erosion control made a
study supported by the Agency of
Cooperation the International of Japan
(JICA), of sediment production which was
carried
out
using
aerial
photointerpretation, analyses of topographic
maps and observations of field of last
floods
General plane embankments
and main highway bridge
… Choloma River
• The works to control the erosion and sediments were
planned with the purpose of reducing the excess of
sediment unloading to obtain the permissible sediment
unloading in the control post of design, by means of the
reduction of the production and sediment unloading and
controlling the sediment unloading with optimal
structures like slope works, prey of control (to control the
sediment unloading, the consolidation of the bed of the
river and margins and to control the flow of the
avalanche), prey of consolidation (for the consolidation
of the deformed section of the river) and works of
channel (are made up of consolidation prey, beams of
the bed of the river and coatings).
Choloma River
Choloma River
Choloma River
Consolidation Dam
Majaine Dam
…Choloma River
• After the execution of the project it is
counted to the date with the construction
of three (3) sediment control dams three
(3) consolidation Dams of the bed of the
river, construction of embankments
guides, reconstruction of the railroad
bridge, works of canalization and
protection of both margins of the river.
Master Plan
Tegucigalpa and
Comayaguela M.D.C. in the
Department of Francisco
Morazan
Master Plan for flood and
landslides control inTegucigalpa
• The developed recent project but in the
phase of study by means of no
reimbursable financial cooperation of the
Government of Japan in Honduras, is the
Masterful Plan for Control of Floods and
sliding in the Choluteca river, Tegucigalpa
and Comayaguela M.D.C. in the
Department of Francisco Morazan, central
region of Honduras between years
2001/2002
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