SciFinder® Page 1 TCM 3501-4000

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TCM 3501-4000
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3501. Molecular mechanisms and clinical applications of ginseng root for cardiovascular disease
By Zhou Wei; Chai Hong; Lin Peter H; Lumsden Alan B; Yao Qizhi; Chen Changyi Johnny
From Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research (2004), 10(8),
RA187-92, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Ginseng root is used extensively in traditional Chinese medicine for its alleged tonic effect and possible curative and
restorative properties. There are increasing evidences in the literature on the potential role of ginseng in treating
cardiovascular diseases. We herein examine the history of ginseng usage and review the current literature on a
myriad pharmacological function of ginseng on the cardiovascular system. From the published studies involving cell
cultures and animal models, ginseng is shown to have potential benefits on the cardiovascular system through diverse
mechanisms, including antioxidant, modifying vasomotor function, reducing platelet adhesion, influencing ion channels,
altering autonomic neurotransmitters release, improving lipid profiles, and involving in glucose metabolism and
glycemic control. In addition, the relevant clinical trials regarding the effects of ginseng on the cardiovascular disease
are summarized, particularly in managing hypertension and improving cardiovascular function. Finally, the
controversies in the literature and the possible adverse interactions between ginseng and other drugs are discussed.
This review underscores the potential benefit effects of ginseng on cardiovascular diseases, highlights the gaps in our
current research, and emphasizes the necessity for more rigorous systemic investigation.
~6 Citings
Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine.
3502. Drug therapy for ulcerative colitis
By Xu Chang-Tai; Meng Shu-Yong; Pan Bo-Rong
From World journal of gastroenterology : WJG (2004), 10(16), 2311-7, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory destructive disease of the large intestine occurred usually in the rectum and
lower part of the colon as well as the entire colon. Drug therapy is not the only choice for UC treatment and medical
management should be as a comprehensive whole. Azulfidine, Asacol, Pentasa, Dipentum, and Rowasa all contain 5aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), which is the topical anti-inflammatory ingredient. Pentasa is more commonly used in
treating Crohn's ileitis because Pentasa capsules release more 5-ASA into the small intestine than Asacol tablets.
Pentasa can also be used for treating mild to moderate UC. Rowasa enemas are safe and effective in treating
ulcerative proctitis and proctosigmoiditis. The sulfa-free 5-ASA agents (Asacol, Pentasa, Dipentum and Rowasa) have
fewer side effects than sulfa-containing Azulfidine. In UC patients with moderate to severe disease and in patients who
failed to respond to 5-ASA compounds, systemic (oral) corticosteroids should be used. Systemic corticosteroids
(prednisone, prednisolone, cortisone, etc.) are potent and fast-acting drugs for treating UC, Crohn's ileitis and
ileocolitis. Systemic corticosteroids are not effective in maintaining remission in patients with UC. Serious side effects
can result from prolonged corticosteroid treatment. To minimize side effects, corticosteroids should be gradually
reduced as soon as the disease remission is achieved. In patients with corticosteroid-dependent or unresponsive to
corticosteroid treatment, surgery or immunomodulator is considered. Immunomodulators used for treating severe UC
include azathioprine/6-MP, methotrexate, and cyclosporine. Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine is
safe and effective in maintaining remission in patients with UC.
~6 Citings
3503. Tai chi for treating rheumatoid arthritis
By Han A; Robinson V; Judd M; Taixiang W; Wells G; Tugwell P
From Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online) (2004), (3), CD004849, Language: English, Database:
MEDLINE
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BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease that results in the
destruction of the musculoskeletal system. The major goals of treatment are to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, slow
down or stop joint damage, prevent disability, and preserve or improve the person's sense of well-being and ability to
function. Tai Chi, interchangeably known as Tai Chi Chuan, is an ancient Chinese health-promoting martial art form
that has been recognized in China as an effective arthritis therapy for centuries. OBJECTIVES: To assess the
effectiveness and safety of Tai Chi as a treatment for people with RA. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the
Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CCTR), MEDLINE, Pedro and CINAHL databases up to September 2002, using
the Cochrane Collaboration search strategy for randomised controlled trials. We also searched the Chinese
Biomedical Database up to December 2003 and the Beijing Chinese Academy of Traditional Medicine up to December
2003. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials examining the benefits and
harms of exercise programs with Tai Chi instruction or incorporating principles of Tai Chi philosophy were selected.
We included control groups who received no therapy, sham therapy or another type of therapy. DATA COLLECTION
AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers determined the studies to be included in this review, rated the methodological quality
and extracted data using standardized forms. MAIN RESULTS: Four trials including 206 participants, were included in
this review. Tai Chi-based exercise programs had no clinically important or statistically significant effect on most
outcomes of disease activity, which included activities of daily living, tender and swollen joints and patient global
overall rating. For range of motion, Tai Chi participants had statistically significant and clinically important
improvements in ankle plantar flexion. No detrimental effects were found. One study found that compared to people
who participated in traditional ROM exercise/rest programs those in a Tai Chi dance program reported a significantly
higher level of participation in and enjoyment of exercise both immediately and four months after completion of the Tai
Chi program. REVIEWERS' CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest Tai Chi does not exacerbate symptoms of
rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, Tai Chi has statistically significant benefits on lower extremity range of motion, in
particular ankle range of motion, for people with RA. The included studies did not assess the effects on patientreported pain.
~3 Citings
3504. Theory of traditional Chinese medicine and therapeutic method of diseases
By Lu Ai-Ping; Jia Hong-Wei; Xiao Cheng; Lu Qing-Ping
Traditional Chinese medicine, including herbal medicine and acupuncture, as one of the most important parts in
complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), plays the key role in the formation of integrative medicine. Why do
not the modern drugs targeting the specificity of diseases produce theoretical effects in clinical observation? Why does
not the traditional Chinese medicine targeting the Zheng (syndrome) produce theoretical effects in clinic? There should
have some reasons to combine Western medicine with Chinese herbal medicine so as to form the integrative
medicine. During the integration, how to clarify the impact of CAM theory on Western medicine has become an
emergent topic. This paper focuses on the exploration of the impact of theory of traditional Chinese medicine on the
therapy of diseases in Western medicine.
~5 Citings
3505. Proof of the mysterious efficacy of ginseng: basic and clinical trials: clinical effects of medical ginseng, korean red
ginseng: specifically, its anti-stress action for prevention of disease
By Kaneko Hitoshi; Nakanishi Kozo
From Journal of pharmacological sciences (2004), 95(2), 158-62, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
We are exposed to many external and internal stresses in this day and age. Stress weakens the function of immune
systems in living organisms and disturbs homeostasis. As a result, stress induces various psychosomatic diseases.
Thus, ways of reducing stress and thus protecting humans from disease must be developed. One such method is
called "the prevention of Mibyou" in Kampo, the Chinese traditional medicine. Many studies have reported the direct
effects of medical ginseng on damaged target organs and recovery from disease. It also increases immune potential
and may maintain homeostasis of living organisms through the autonomic-endocrine systems. It is also thought to
prevent the development of disease. We studied and considered the action of medical ginseng on living organisms
that were exposed to various stresses such as cold environment and industrial work. Furthermore, we confirmed the
preventive effects of medical ginseng on the common cold symptom complex, including flu, by clinical observation.
Here, we report our experiences.
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3506. A U.S. perspective on the adverse reactions from traditional Chinese medicines
By Ko Richard J
From Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA (2004), 67(3), 109-16, Language: English, Database:
MEDLINE
BACKGROUND: Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) are popular in the United States and Asian and non-Asian
consumers are using the product for disease treatment and health prevention. As more people are using TCM
products, there are increased reports on adverse reactions. This review will focus on adverse reactions due to TCM as
reported in the literature. METHODS: The review is based on MedLine search of literatures using keywords including:
herbs, herbal, traditional Chinese medicines with toxicity, adverse effects, death, drug interaction and pharmacokinetic.
In addition, specific searches were performed using the above keywords with the common name and the scientific
name of the plant product. RESULTS: The causes of adverse reactions associated with TCM are diverse. They
include variability in active/toxic ingredients due to growing conditions, use of inherent toxic herbs causing toxicity,
overdose of herbs, drug-herb interactions especially with pharmaceuticals that have narrow therapeutic index,
coexisting diseases, and idiosyncratic reactions like allergy, hepatitis and anaphylaxis. Other adverse reactions can be
due to manufacturing and quality problems causing adulteration, misidentification, substitution of one herb with
another, variability in the amount of active ingredients, use of pharmaceuticals without identifying on the labels,
improper processing and preparation, and contamination. CONCLUSIONS: To minimize the adverse reactions from
TCM and protect the public, there must be adequate laws and regulations to ensure that products are manufactured
with the highest standards. Manufacturers should be licensed by regulatory agency and manufactured under good
manufacturing practice. TCM products must be evaluated for their safety before marketing. Proper labeling and good
surveillance systems shall ensure the protection of the consumers.
~2 Citings
3507. Immunomodulatory and antimicrobial effects of some traditional chinese medicinal herbs: a review
By Tan Benny K H; Vanitha J
From Current medicinal chemistry (2004), 11(11), 1423-30, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
The current practice of ingesting phytochemicals to support the immune system or to fight infections is based on
centuries-old tradition. We review reports on seven Chinese herbs, (Aloe vera Mill. (Aloaceae), Angelica species
(Umbelliferae), Astragalus membranaceus Bunge. (Leguminosae), Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst.
(Ganodermataceae), Panax ginseng C.A Mey. (Araliaceae), Scutellaria species (Lamiaceae) and Zingiber officinale
Rosc. (Zingiberaceae) with emphasis to their immunomodulatory and antimicrobial activities. While some of these
herbaceous plants have a direct inhibitory effect on microbial organisms, we observe that each plant has at least one
compound that selectively modulates cells of the immune system. The successful derivation of pure bioactive
compounds from Ganoderma lucidum, ginseng and Zingiber officinale supports the traditional practice of using these
plants to stimulate the immune system. As many modern drugs are often patterned after phytochemicals, studying the
influence of each compound on immune cells as well as microbes can provide useful insights to the development of
potentially useful new pharmacological agents.
~4 Citings
3508. Cure of experimental botulism and antibotulismic effect of toosendanin
By Shi Yu-Liang; Wang Zhong-Feng
From Acta pharmacologica Sinica (2004), 25(6), 839-48, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
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Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), a group of bacterial proteins that comprise a light chain disulfide linked a heavy chain,
are the most lethal biotoxins known to mankind. By inhibiting neurotransmitter release, BoNTs cause severe
neuroparalytic disease, botulism. A series of important findings in the past 10 years which displayed the molecular
targets of BoNTs and hence proposed a four-step action mechanism to explain BoNT intoxication greatly advanced the
study of antibotulismic drug. In this article, we reviewed these progresses and anti-botulismic compounds found in
recent years. These compounds function due to their facilitation on neurotransmitter release or to their interference on
the binding, internalization, translocation, and endopeptidase activity of the toxins. Toosendanin is a triterpenoid
derivative extracted from a digestive tract-parasiticide in Chinese traditional medicine. Chinese scientists have found
that the compound is a selective prejunctional blocker. In spite of sharing some similar action with BoNT, toosendanin
can protect botulism animals that have been administrated with lethal doses of BoNT/A or BoNT/B for several hours
from death and make them restore normal activity. The neuromuscular junction preparations isolated from the rats that
have been injected with toosendanin tolerate BoNT/A challenge. Toosendanin seems to have no effect on
endopeptidase activity of BoNT, but blocks the toxin approach to its enzymatic substrate.
~3 Citings
3509. Standards of education, regulation, and market control: perspectives on complementary and alternative medicine
in Ontario, Canada
By Shahjahan Riyad
From Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.) (2004), 10(2), 409-12, Language: English,
Database: MEDLINE
This paper provides a contemporary analysis of the issues and questions surrounding the regulation and
standardization of education with respect to two complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) professions, namely
Chinese traditional medicine and homeopath in Ontario, Canada. Rather than taking a standard of education for
granted, the assumption that standardizing professional education is a positive move is critiqued because it is claimed
to ensure public safety and uniformity within the profession. It is argued that such an assumption fails to deconstruct
the power relations involved with setting a standard of education and continues to ignore the fact that setting a
standard of education in CAM is part and parcel of biomedical dominance, competition, turf wars and survival. At the
end of this paper, some critical questions regarding setting standards of education by the health professions in general
are raised.
~1 Citing
3510. Ephedra-containing dietary supplements in the US versus ephedra as a Chinese medicine
By Mehendale Sangeeta R; Bauer Brent A; Yuan Chun-Su
From The American journal of Chinese medicine (2004), 32(1), 1-10, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Ephedra has been commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) without significant adverse effects. Ephedracontaining dietary supplements are widely used in the United States to promote weight reduction and energy
enhancement. However, there are significant safety concerns regarding the use of ephedra-containing dietary
supplements, especially when such use occurs by consumers without medical supervision. This article reviews and
contrasts the usage of ephedra as a dietary supplement in the US against an herbal medication in TCM. The potential
adverse effects of ephedra-containing dietary supplements are also reviewed.
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3511. SARS prevention and nursing in traditional Chinese medicine
By Chen Li-Li; Lin Chouh-Jiaun; Chang Man-Ling; Lin Jun-Dai
From Hu li za zhi The journal of nursing (2004), 51(2), 32-8, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE
This study adopts the concept of the three levels of prevention from traditional Chinese medicine to discuss Severe
Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) prevention and nursing. The emphasis in traditional Chinese medicine is on
primary and tertiary prevention. The study presents nursing interventions based on traditional Chinese medicine
(TCM), including daily care, diets, massage care, exercise, and Chinese psychosocial care. This course of
interventions is designed for the consideration of nurses caring for SARS patients and to bolster their ability to fight the
disease.
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3512. Nursing for allergic rhinitis in traditional Chinese medicine
By Maa Suh-Hwa
Allergic rhinitis is one of Taiwan's most common and most serious health problems, and many sufferers of the
condition seek remedies in traditional Chinese medicine. In order to fulfill their duties as practitioners of traditional
Chinese medicine and meet the health needs of the people, nurses must engage in rigorous study of traditional
Chinese medicine as it relates to allergic rhinitis. This paper describes traditional Chinese medicine's approach to
allergic rhinitis, looking at the condition's symptoms, causes and remedies, including care in the home and nasal
exercises.
~0 Citings
3513. Health promotion in traditional Chinese medicine: preventive treatment of a disease
By Chang Su-Hong; Wang Hsiu-Hung
Preventive treatment is the highest form of traditional Chinese medicine. Ancient physicians believed that prevention
was better than cure and health preservation was the best method for prolonging one's own life. At the same time as
medical technology advances constantly and average life expectancy increases every few years, chronic diseases are
also becoming more common. Ever since the World Health Organization proclaimed the year 2000 the year of "Health
for all," the term has been a watchword for all developed countries. In traditional medicine, from the concept of
preventive treatment to the method and practice of health preservation, there is much for nursing professionals
involved in health promotion to tap into.
~0 Citings
3514. Nursing in traditional Chinese medicine in Taiwan: policies and future development
By Lin I-Hsin; Liu Shwu-Jiuan; Chang Man-Lin; Lin Chouh-Jiaun
Traditional Chinese medicine is popular in Taiwan. There are more resources for the practice of the discipline, more
regulations governing it, and more users of it in Taiwan than in other countries. Chinese medical teams have already
developed in a systematic way in Taiwan. The roles of nursing staff in traditional Chinese medical teams become ever
more important; the field is consolidating itself and maturing. The purpose of this paper is to describe the current
status of nursing in traditional Chinese medicine in Taiwan and to make some proposals as to its future development.
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3515. An aura of confusion Part 2: the aided eye--"imaging the aura?"
By Duerden Tim
From Complementary therapies in nursing & midwifery (2004), 10(2), 116-23, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
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The second of three papers considers claims made for the perception or detection of vital energy. Many systems of
complementary and alternative medicine assume the existence of a vital force that mediates therapeutic efficacy, for
example chi or qi in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Vital energy directly perceived or imaged that surrounds living
organisms is frequently termed the aura. A range of devices or techniques are claimed to image the aura. These
include Kirlian photography, gas discharge visualisation (GDV) and polychromatic interference photography (PIP).
This paper explores such claims and argues that the images produced can be explained using concepts from the
physical sciences. It is suggested that techniques such as KP, GDV or PIP currently offer insufficient reliable research
evidence concerning their use as diagnostic or imaging alternatives. Consequently their clinical use is debatable.
Kirlian photography and its derivatives may however be useful as a research tool by providing visual records of
complex bodily responses to experimental situations. For example, responses to physiological or psychological
stressors.
~1 Citing
3516. Acupuncture for chronic asthma
By McCarney R W; Brinkhaus B; Lasserson T J; Linde K
MEDLINE
BACKGROUND: Acupuncture has traditionally been used to treat asthma in China and is used increasingly for this
purpose internationally. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review was to assess the effects of acupuncture for the
treatment of asthma or asthma-like symptoms. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Airways Group
trials register (searched August 2003), the Cochrane Complementary Medicine Field trials register, the Alternative
Medicine Database (August 2003) and reference lists of articles. We also contacted trialists and researchers in the
field of complementary and alternative medical research. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised and possibly
randomised trials using needle acupuncture or other forms of stimulation of acupuncture. Any form of control treatment
was considered (no treatment in addition to conventional asthma treatment, sham or placebo interventions, active
comparator interventions). Studies were included provided outcome was assessed at one week or more. DATA
COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: At least two reviewers independently assessed trial quality. A reviewer experienced
in acupuncture assessed the adequacy of the active and sham acupunctures used in the studies. Study authors were
contacted for missing information. MAIN RESULTS: Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria with 324 participants.
Trial reporting was poor and trial quality was deemed inadequate to generalise findings. There was variation in the
type of active and sham acupunctures, the outcomes measured and time-points presented. The points used in the
sham arm of some studies are used for the treatment of asthma according to traditional Chinese medicine. Two
studies used individualised treatment strategies and one study used a combination strategy of formula acupuncture
with the addition of individualised points. No statistically significant or clinically relevant effects were found for
acupuncture compared to sham acupuncture. Data from two small studies were pooled for lung function (posttreatment FEV1): Standardised Mean Difference 0.12, 95% confidence interval -0.31 to 0.55). REVIEWER'S
CONCLUSIONS: There is not enough evidence to make recommendations about the value of acupuncture in asthma
treatment. Further research needs to consider the complexities and different types of acupuncture.
~1 Citing
3517. Complementary and alternative therapies in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a systematic review
By Coon Joanna Thompson; Ernst Edzard
From Journal of hepatology (2004), 40(3), 491-500, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Hepatitis C is an escalating global health problem. The recommended treatment regimen is
associated with considerable expense, adverse effects and poor efficacy in some patients. Complementary therapies
are widely promoted for and used by patients with hepatitis C. The aim is to systematically assess the efficacy of
complementary therapies in treating chronic hepatitis C. METHODS: Systematic searches were conducted in six
databases, reference lists of all papers were checked for further relevant publications and information was requested
from experts. No language restrictions were imposed. RESULTS: Twenty-seven eligible randomised clinical trials
were located involving herbal products and supplements. No randomised clinical trials were identified for any other
complementary therapy. In 14 of the trials, patients received interferon-alpha in combination with the complementary
therapy. Less than half the trials (11/27) were of good methodological quality. Compared with the control group,
significant improvements in virological and/or biochemical response were seen in trials of vitamin E, thymic extract,
zinc, traditional Chinese medicine, Glycyrrhiza glabra and oxymatrine. CONCLUSIONS: We identified several
promising complementary therapies, although extrapolation of the results is difficult due to methodological limitations.
More research is warranted to establish the role of these and other therapies in the treatment of hepatitis C.
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3518. Advances in diagnosis and treatment of hepatic steatosis
By Zhao Xiaowei
From Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan / sponsored by All-China Association of
Traditional Chinese Medicine, Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2004), 24(1), 64-9, Language: English,
Database: MEDLINE
Although many breakthroughs have been made in biomedicine, however, a satisfactory treatment is still lacking. On
the other hand, treatment with TCM drugs has been proved satisfactory through there is no unified criterion on type
differentiation in diagnostics. Hepatic steatosis due to alcoholic hepatitis could be effectively treated with the
therapeutic methods of soothing the liver, promoting blood circulation and resolving phlegm. Generally speaking,
hepatic steatosis can be treated with the principles of 1) soothing the liver, strengthening the spleen and resolving
phlegm; 2) tonifying the liver and kidney, resolving phlegm and dispelling stasis; 3) soothing the liver and promoting
blood circulation, strengthening the spleen and excreting dampness; 4) soothing the depressed liver to regulate the
circulation of qi, softening hardness and promoting blood circulation; and 5) strengthening the spleen and excreting
dampness and soothing the depressed liver to regulate the circulation of qi.
~0 Citings
3519. Natural medicines used in the traditional Chinese medical system for therapy of diabetes mellitus
By Li W L; Zheng H C; Bukuru J; De Kimpe N
From Journal of ethnopharmacology (2004), 92(1), 1-21, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
The rapidly increasing diabetes mellitus is becoming a serious threat to mankind health in all parts of the world. The
control and treatment of diabetes and its complications mainly depend on the chemical or biochemical agents, but the
fact is that it has never been reported that someone had recovered totally from diabetes. With the distinctive traditional
medical opinions and natural medicines mainly originated in herbs, the traditional Chinese medicine performed a good
clinical practice and is showing a bright future in the therapy of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Based on a
large number of chemical and pharmacological research work, numerous bioactive compounds have been found in
Chinese medicinal plants for diabetes. The present paper reviews 86 natural medicines with regards to their origin,
anti-diabetic active principles and/or pharmacological test results, which are commonly used in the traditional Chinese
medical system and have demonstrated experimental or/and clinical anti-diabetic effectiveness. Among these natural
medicines, 82 originate from plants and 4 from animals or insects, which covers 45 families. It is strongly significant to
pay close attention to traditional Chinese medical therapeutics and natural medicines for treatment of diabetes mellitus
and its complications.
~13 Citings
3520. Research advances on tumor therapy via nitric oxide
By Wang Yan; Ding Hong; Xiao Geng-Fu
From Ai zheng = Aizheng = Chinese journal of cancer (2004), 23(4), 476-9, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE
Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived pleiotropic molecule involved in many physiological and pathological processes in the
organism. As an important biologic mediator, nitric oxide has been focused in tumor study and therapy for its function
in the process of tumor genesis, progression,and death. It is documented that nitric oxide plays a dual role:induction or
suppression of tumorigenesis, which is dependent on different conditions, such as the concentration, time,and position
of NO products. Tumor growth can be promoted by continuous low NO concentration, while cytotoxicity and apoptosis
to tumor cells can be induced by quite high NO concentration. Currently, the concentration-dependent principle is the
theoretical basis of tumor therapy mediated by NO. These tumor therapies can be classified into several types: firstly,
drug treatments including chemotherapy, nitric oxide synthase inducer and inhibitor, together with related research
from Chinese traditional medicine; secondly, radiotherapy and photodynamic therapy; thirdly, genic level therapy; and
so on. Thus, the paper states the relationship and mechanism between NO and tumor, and summarizes research
advances on tumor therapy via nitric oxide.
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3521. Chemistry and biology of terpene trilactones from Ginkgo biloba
By Stromgaard Kristian; Nakanishi Koji
From Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) (2004), 43(13), 1640-58, Language: English, Database:
MEDLINE
Ginkgo biloba, the ginkgo tree, is the oldest living tree, with a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine. In
recent years, the leaf extracts have been widely sold as phytomedicine in Europe and as a dietary supplement
worldwide. Effects of Ginkgo biloba extracts have been postulated to include improvement of memory, increased
blood circulation, as well as beneficial effects to sufferers of Alzheimer's disease. The most unique components of the
extracts are the terpene trilactones, that is, ginkgolides and bilobalide. These structurally complex molecules have
been attractive targets for total synthesis. Terpene trilactones are believed to be partly responsible for the
neuromodulatory properties of Ginkgo biloba extracts, and several biological effects of the terpene trilactones have
been discovered in recent years, making them attractive pharmacological tools that could provide insight into the
effects of Ginkgo biloba extracts.
~1 Citing
3522. Progress of the study on immunological mechanism of endometriosis and its Chinese herbal medical treatment
By Qi Ying-hua; Liu Rui-fen
From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and
Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (2004), 24(2), 1825, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE
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3523. Advances in the research on targeted preparations of traditional Chinese medicine and natural drugs
By Yang Chun-xin; Xu Xue-hua; Dong Ying
From Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica (2003),
28(8), 696-700, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE
OBJECTIVE: Targeting dosage form is a kind of targeting drug delivery system which can be used to lock drugs aroud
the target organs, tissues, cells and obtain more effective treatment for dose concentration, thus reducing the sideeffects of such drugs while increasing their effeciveness. Targeting dosage form is the fourth-generation drug dosage
form and it is ideal system for administration because it release the theraping drugs in the targeting-site. Particular
emphasis was placed on liposome due to it was used as a drug carrier. Meanwhile, the highlights of research were on
magnetic and enzyme targeting preparations. In addition, oral colon targeting drug delivery system, drugs were carried
to ileocecum and release to get local and whole effect, is also an important part of targeting dosage form. The study
on traditional chinese medicine (TCM) targeting dosage form is still at beginning stage in China. At present, most of
study on TCM and natural products targeting drugs were focus on simple effective component and merely on TCM
effective positions in relative with the difficult for determing their quality standard and procedure of preparing. It is the
kernel item for TCM modernization and the key for TCM internationalization to develop new dosage form and new
technology of TCM. There is a need in collaboration with multiple discipline. It will be a important research subject to
develop TCM targeting preparation in the near future. TCM targeting dosage form can be classified into liposome,
nanoparticles, multiple emulsion etc according to the difference of carrier and oral, rectal, colonic, nasal, dermal, ocular
system on a basis of administration and so on. This paper made a summary on TCM and natural products targeting
dosage form according to different targeting positions and introduce the procedure of preparing compared with the
effect in vivo and manifest that TCM and natural products targeting dosage form will have good exploit prospect.
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3524. The current status of the determination of the bacterial endotoxin in traditional Chinese medicine
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By Huo Qi-lu; Shao Hong-xial
OBJECTIVE: To review the current status of the determination of the bacterial endotoxin in traditional chinese
medicine injections with the limulus lysate test, and to evaluate the feasibility of this test for the determination of the
bacterial endotoxin in these injections. METHOD: The data related to the topic was collected, analyzed and
summarized. RESULT: The limulus lysate test was not available for most of traditional chinese medicine injections
due to the interference. And the same injection may uield different test results because of different factories, batch
numbers, different techniques and preparational conditions. CONCLUSION: There is still a long way to go to apply
the limulus lysate test to the determination of the bacterial endotoxin in traditional chinese medicine injections.
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3525. Advances of polymeric materials applied in TCM preparation and separation
By Liu Hai-dao; Yin Qiu-xiang; Gao Wen-yuan
In this paper, the advance of polymeric materials applied in the development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)
and natural products was reviewed. Especially the research progresses in use of the polymeric membranes, polymeric
flocculating agents, polymeric sorbents and polymeric drug delivery system (DDS) in the separation and preparation of
herb and TCM were discussed in details. In addition, the future develorment of polymeric materials in TCM preparation
was also discussed.
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3526. Cataplasma of traditional Chinese medicine
By Jia Wei; Gao Wen-yuan; Wang Tao; Liu Yun-bin; Xue Jing; Xiao Pei-gen
The TCM (traditional Chinese medicine) transdermal plaster (also known as "cataplasma") are flexible adhesive
patches used for treatment of pain, resulted from arthritis, sprain and bruise, tendovaginitis, lumbar spine protrude,
neuralgia, hyperosteogeny ache, abdominal discomfort and metastatic cancer, etc. Since the 1980's, investigators in
China have used this modern patch delivery system for herbal drugs and obtained satisfactory results especially from
the treatment of various types of pain associated with bone diseases, abdominal discomfort, and tumors, etc. The
production of TCM cataplasma was successfully scaled up in early 90's and the commercial product line for an
antirheumatic agent was first established in Shanghai by Leiyunshang Group. Thus far, a number of products in the
form of TCM cataplasma became commercially available in the market, and clinical investigations with these products
indicated that topically applicable herbal preparations, especially in the form of cataplasma, are preferred formulations
with respect to the treatment comfort of the patient. Compared to the traditional preparations which utilize rubber and
rosin as adhesives, cataplasma is advantageous in that the lipophilic and hydrophilic ingredients of the herbal extracts
are solubilized and then "gellified" with the organic polymers, and that the drug matrix containing up to 40%-70% of
water serves as a "drug reservoir" that will sustain the quick and continuous release of herbal ingredients over several
days across the skin. While there are conventional remedies for palliation of pain and discomfort associated with bone
diseases or cancers, administration of oral medicinal herbs combined with topical agents such as TCM cataplasma
may significantly alleviate the symptoms and improve their quality of life. This article provides a review on three
aspects, which include the process development, characteristics and developmental status of TCM cataplasma, and
future development of such a technology.
~0 Citings
3527. Falungong: recent developments in Chinese notions of healing
By Gale Deborah Dysart; Gorman-Yao W M
From Journal of cultural diversity (2003), 10(4), 124-7, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
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Transcultural nursing literature provides a rich picture of prominent Chinese health-related beliefs derived from the
traditions of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. However, these traditional beliefs are being challenged and
modified in response to public discussion of a new spiritual movement, Falungong (also spelled Falun Gong). This
movement calling for personal and social renewal has arisen in reaction to significant political and economic upheavals
in Chinese society. This paper presents an overview of the Falungong movement and the health beliefs it advances.
Implications for U.S. nursing practice are discussed.
~0 Citings
3528. Human Phenome based on traditional Chinese medicine--a solution to congenital syndromology
By Li-Ling Jesse
The occurrence of many congenital syndromes has long been an enigma. Clinically, the phenotype of any given
genetic defect usually varies to some extent, whilst, pathogenetically, features within each syndrome are probably
interconnected, albeit by largely unknown mechanisms. Through its unique theories such as the Jing-Mai (variously
translated as the Channels, Vessels or Meridians), Zang-Fu (the Yin and Yang internal organs) and Wu-Xing
(translated as the Five-Phase Correspondence or Five-Element theory), traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) seems to
have comprehensively summarized the makeup of the human phenotypes. By combining the above TCM theories with
modem medical knowledge, the intrinsic mechanisms between various aspects of the phenotypic makeup of the
human individual, i.e. the Human Phenome, may be deduced. Analysis of congenital syndromes in light of the Human
Phenome seems to suggest that various genetic defects may cause diseases in a similar fashion; i.e. primarily with
structural abnormalities distributed along the four Jing-Mai connected with the Kidneys (midline defects) as well as
"Marrow" aberrations (anomalies of hematology/immunology, endocrine, central nervous system and the bones). The
derived Human Phenome may thereby enable a better understanding of such conditions and provide a model for the
study of multigenic traits. On the other hand, blind spots of clinical observation and unknown aspects of human nature,
e.g. circuits formed by the JingMai, symmetries of the Jing-Mai and Zang-Fu, and correspondences between body
physiques, spiritual factors and the external world may also be deduced. The TCM-based Human Phenome may
thereby offer a fresh view for genotype-phenotype correlations, insights into genedevelopment mechanisms, as well as
potential directions for the development of new treatments.
~1 Citing
3529. Extraction and chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of the active principles from selected Chinese herbs
and other medicinal plants
By Wang Xiaosuo; Kapoor Vimal; Smythe George A
Medicinal herbs have a long history of use in the practice of traditional Chinese medicine and a substantial body of
evidence has, over recent decades, demonstrated a range of important pharmacological properties. Western
biomedical researchers are examining not only the efficacy of the traditional herbal products but, through the use of a
range of bioassays and analytical techniques, are developing improved methods to isolate and characterize active
components. This review briefly describes the different extraction methodologies used in the preparation of herbal
extracts and reviews the utility of chromatography-mass spectrometry for the analysis of their active components. In
particular, applications of gas or liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry for the isolation and characterization of
active components of ginseng are critically assessed. The analysis of toxic substances from herb extracts with mass
spectrometric techniques is also discussed along with the potential for mass spectrometric methods to investigate the
proteomics of herbal extracts.
~0 Citings
3530. A review of the study on anti-obesity therapies with traditional Chinese medicine
By Guo Cheng; Wei Daozhi; Chen Haihua; Zeng Xuefeng
From Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials (2002), 25(7), 534-7, Language:
Chinese, Database: MEDLINE
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~0 Citings
3531. A review on chronic uric-acid nephropathy treated with Chinese traditional medicine
By Shen Weizeng; Li Junbiao
~0 Citings
3532. Applied fundamental research of echinacea species
By Zhang Ying-Tao; Wang Hong; Liu Wen-Zhi; Tong Wei; Yang Yan-Fang; Ai Tie-Min
From Beijing da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Peking University. Health sciences (2004), 36(1), 90-3,
Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE
Echinacea is a most famous "immune herb" in western countries, and continues to be the best selling herb for many
years. For the last five years, our research group has cooperated with Institute of Medicinal Plants in Huairou District
of Beijing, carrying out studies on Echinacea purpurea, which involved botany, cultivation, pharmacognosy,
phytochemistry, quality control, pharmacology and toxicology of the species. Two other species introduced from
Canada, Echinacea angustifolia and Echinacea pallida, were also included in the taxonomic, cultivated and
pharmacognostic studies. The results acquired have opened up the path to introduce Echinacea species into
Traditional Chinese Medicine, thus established the possibility of developing more promising drugs from them.
~0 Citings
3533. Countering misleading information
By Veal Lowana
Orthodox medicine generally demands evidence in the form of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) before accepting
the value of a particular therapy/intervention from the CAM field. Yet many RCTs are badly executed as they are
carried out by doctors or scientists rather than holistic practitioners, and peer reviewers for conventional medical
journals may not have sufficient knowledge to be able to assess a CAM paper properly. This article discusses
inadequacies found in RCTs and other papers related to CAM, and pinpoints how research should be critically
evaluated and reviewed. Examples are taken from the fields of aromatherapy, herbalism, acupuncture/TCM and
homeopathy. The aim of this paper is to highlight common misunderstandings and misguided assumptions that may
arise when undertaking research in the field of complementary medicine that may result in erroneous conclusions
being drawn from data and which may have far reaching implications for clinical practice. The STRICTA
recommendations for acupuncture are discussed.
~0 Citings
3534. An aura of confusion: 'seeing auras-vital energy or human physiology?' Part 1 of a three part series
By Duerden Tim
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The first of three papers that considers claims made for the perception or detection of vital energy. Many systems of
Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) assume the existence of a vital force that mediates therapeutic
efficacy, for example chi or qi in Traditional Chinese medicine. Vital energy directly perceived or imaged that
surrounds living organisms is frequently termed the aura. This paper aims to show how phenomena that arise as a
consequence of the normal functioning of the human visual system can be inappropriately offered as support of claims
for the direct perception of vital energy or the aura. Specifically, contrast and complementary colour phenomena,
entoptic phenomena and the deformation phosphene, the 'flying corpuscle effect', the blind spot and the 'reverse
telescope effect' are explained and discussed.
~0 Citings
3535. Trends in the study on transdermal agents of Chinese medicinal herbs
By Xu Ying-ai; Zhang Xiurong; Feng Bo; Gao Hongwang; Wang Yajun
~0 Citings
3536. Ecological protection of medicinal woody plants
By Yan Xiufeng
From Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology / Zhongguo sheng tai xue xue hui, Zhongguo ke
xue yuan Shenyang ying yong sheng tai yan jiu suo zhu ban (2003), 14(9), 1561-4, Language: Chinese, Database:
MEDLINE
Medicinal woody plants, especially medicinal tall trees, play a same important role in forest structure, ecological
balance and timber production as other tree species in forest, and due to their additional medicinal values overuse of
these trees is more intensive than others. Many medicinal materials are destructively obtained from plants such as
roots or bark used as medicinal materials. The contradiction between the utilization and protection of medicinal woody
plants becomes more and more incisive. In the present paper, based on the analysis of the utilized situation and
specialty of medicinal woody plants, the trouble between the plants protection and utilization was observed, the method
to solve it and the fundamental research work needs to be developed were discussed. The following aspects of
researches were suggested to be conducted: (a) study on the distribution in organs, seasonal and age variations, and
correlation with environmental factors of principal medicinal compositions in mature trees to clear the optimum of
harvest and cultivation conditions; (b) study on the distribution in organs, seasonal and age variations, and correlation
with environmental factors of principal medicinal compositions in saplings, especially the time course of the variation in
medicinal compositions and biomass to achieve the optimal tree ages for the balance between biomass and production
of medicinal products during saplings development; (c) study on the influence and regulation of environmental factors
on medicinal compounds production in woody plants to look for the optimal cultivated conditions for optimizing the
accumulation of biomass and medicinal chemicals; (d) further study on the regulatory mechanism of the induced
production of main medicinal compositions by ecological factors at protein (key enzyme) and gene level to accumulate
fundamental data for the enhancement of quality and quantity, and approach of new accesses to medicinal products
using biological technology (cell culture and gene technology). Aimed at medicinal woody plants in Chinese forest
resources, to develop the fundamental researches on resources protection and rational utilization will create many
profound scientific significances. Firstly, medicinal woody plants are the important components of Chinese natural
forest resources, so the problem for their protection and utilization, especially for that of tall trees, is quite remarkable
and special. To reveal the internal contradictory between plant resources protection and its reasonable exploitation
and exploit a practicable access to solve it will promote and accelerate the fulfillment of "natural forest protection
project" in China. Secondly, traditional Chinese medicine is a main part of Chinese excellent ancestral culture, and the
traditional utilizing models have been carried on for thousands of years. Accompanying with the development of
human society, many unavoidable troubles such as the shortage of natural resources and the pollution of natural
environment are more and more severely, which make the old models of the traditional Chinese medicine become
more and more harmful and inaccessible to mankind. New substitutive approach to the utilization of traditional
Chinese medicine, especially to that of Chinese medicinal woody plants will be one of the key methods to improve the
present situation. Thirdly, traditional Chinese medicine, the cherish treasure of Chinese ancestral culture, need not
only be preserved but also be developed. One of the main problems to restrict the extensive spread of the traditional
Chinese medicine is its unstable quality, so to reach the stable quality and good quality is tightly linked to the
improvement of traditional Chinese medicine. Hence the environmental regulation to the cultivation of medicinal
plants, which can prove and guarantee the stable and high quality, will fit the demand on the production of medicinal
plant material, and correspond to the goal of great efficacy and superior quality during the course of modernization of
traditional Chinese medicine.
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~0 Citings
3537. Pharmacological basis of 'Yang-invigoration' in Chinese medicine
By Ko Kam-Ming; Mak Duncan H F; Chiu Po-Yee; Poon Michel K T
From Trends in pharmacological sciences (2004), 25(1), 3-6, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
The 'Yin-Yang' theory is an ancient Chinese philosophy that underlies the practice of traditional Chinese medicine.
Although Yang-tonic herbs tend to boost body function possibly through enhancing the mitochondrial oxidative
processes, the Yin property (i.e. antioxidant potential) of these herbs can also play a role in safeguarding mitochondrial
ATP generation. The pharmacological basis of 'Yang-invigoration' by Chinese tonic herbs might be due primarily to the
enhancement of mitochondrial ATP generation.
~1 Citing
3538. Progress of experimental research on prevention and treatment of osteoporosis by traditional Chinese medicine
By Zhao Ya-hong; Wang Min-wei
~0 Citings
3539. Advances in studies of Chinese herbs for improving relaxability of corporal smooth muscle
By Chen Jun; Liu Ji-Hong
From Zhonghua nan ke xue = National journal of andrology (2003), 9(8), 615-8, Language: Chinese, Database:
MEDLINE
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a commonly and frequently encountered disease among middle-aged and old males. The
traditional Chinese medicine has a long history of medical treatment for ED has been focusing too much on clinical
experience researches, without obtaining sufficient evidence for the curative effect of related traditional medicines.
Recently, with important breakthroughs the researches on the molecular biochemical mechanisms of erection,
sildenafil(Viagra), a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, has been developed, and exciting progress achieved in
the treatment of ED with Chinese herbal medicine and the presentation of the pharmacological mechanism. This
article presents an overview on recent advances in the studies of ED treatment with traditional Chinese medicine.
~1 Citing
3540. Novel approach to respiratory pharmacology--pharmacological basis of cough, sputum and airway clearance
By Miyata Takeshi
From Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan (2003), 123(12), 987-1006, Language:
Japanese, Database: MEDLINE
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Disturbance of the normal mucociliary clearance due to hyperproduction of mucus and modification of its
physicochemical characteristics is a common finding in airway diseases. Drugs that affect airway secretion have been
developed and used to cleanse the respiratory tract for many centuries and in many countries. On the basis of the
mechanism of their actions, the mucoactive drugs are classified into several groups. Some mucoactive drugs have
direct effects on the production or composition of airway secretions, resulting in increased effectiveness of mucociliary
clearance. Other mucoactive drugs do not have a specific action on mucus, but have beneficial effects on airway
structure and function, which lead to correction of the pathophysiologic mechanisms that result in abnormal secretions.
However, since many drugs have overlapping effects, it is difficult to classify these drugs into groups based on their
major actions. Taken together with previous findings on mucoactive drugs, it appears that an antioxidant effect is a
common property of mucoactive drugs and that it is a crucial action to exert their effects against airway diseases. In
light of this idea, we must use specific experimental models to simulate pharmacologic events in airway inflammation.
The development of new techniques has made it possible to identify and measure the mucus components, measure
the rheologic parameters more accurately, and evaluate mucociliary clearance precisely in animals and humans.
Therefore, with modifications of methods, we have investigated airway-cleansing drugs from various points of view to
reflect actions in inflammatory states for more than two decades. Here, I introduce the methods we have used to study
many of the parameters involved in airway clearance, including cough reflex, and describe some of the mucoactiveantitussive drugs that we have studied recently. There is an increasing usage of traditional Chinese herbal medicines
in clinics and hospitals, because they tend to have moderate side effects and sometimes remarkable efficacy. To
renormalize overall defects in airway disorders, Chinese medicines may be adequate, because they are composed of
various herbs with weak but ubiquitous pharmacologic activities. We have been investigating Bakumondo-to.
Bakumondo-to has been used for the treatment of bronchitis and pharyngitis accompanying severe dry cough. We
found that unlike codeine Bakumondo-to had a notable antitussive activity against the cough associated with bronchitis
and the cough increased by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Recently, we have found that, in alveolar type II
cells, Bakumondo-to attenuated phosphatidylcholine secretion increased by oxygen radicals from activated PMNLS. In
addition, we found that Bakumondo-to itself stimulated phosphatidylcholine secretion and increased beta-adrenoceptor
gene expression in rat alveolar type II cells. We studied the mechanism of action and clarified that Bakumondo-to
increased glucocorticoid-sensitive promotor activity. The effect may contribute to its ubiquitous effectiveness in the
treatment of airway diseases. Various parameters (chemical properties, physical properties, mucus production,
surfactant phospholipid production, and mucociliary clearance) are considered to be important for the dynamics and
mobilization of airway secretions. Pharmacologic investigation, with appropriate techniques, of the ability of an agent
to modify these parameters can provide useful information about its mechanism of action. However, since these
parameters are interconnected, it is very complicated to elucidate the precise mechanisms of action of mucoactive
drugs. This means that the goal of treatment cannot always be achieved by the modification of a single parameter, but
should, more realistically, be aimed at a renormalization of several parameters. On the basis of this idea,
glucocorticoids are ideal mucoactive drugs because they exert various pharmacologic effects in the lung. From a
polypharmacologic point of view, a traditional Chinese medicine can be classified as a glucocorticoid-like drug because
Chinese medicines consist of many types of active components that have various pharmacologic effects. As one
future course of research, we believe that efforts to seek compatible actions between glucocorticoids and Oriental
medicines may lead to new opportunities for development of ideal airway-cleansing drugs with specific actions, i.e.,
suppression of gene expression.
~0 Citings
3541. Antidiabetic herbal drugs officially approved in China
By Jia Wei; Gao Wenyuan; Tang Lida
From Phytotherapy research : PTR (2003), 17(10), 1127-34, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Over the centuries, Chinese herbal drugs have served as a major source of medicines for the prevention and treatment
of diseases including diabetes mellitus (known as 'Xiao-ke'). It is estimated that more than 200 species of plants
exhibit hypoglycaemic properties, including many common plants, such as pumpkin, wheat, celery, wax guard, lotus
root and bitter melon. To date, hundreds of herbs and traditional Chinese medicine formulas have been reported to
have been used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. This paper provides a brief review of the antidiabetic drugs of
plant origin that have been approved by the Chinese health regulatory agency for commercial use in China. It was
believed, through pharmacological studies, that medicinal herbs were meticulously organized in these antidiabetic drug
formulas such that polysaccharide containing herbs restore the functions of pancreatic tissues and cause an increase
in insulin output by the functional beta cells, while other ingredients enhance the microcirculation, increase the
availability of insulin and facilitate the metabolism in insulin-dependent processes. Pharmacological and clinical
evaluations indicated that these drugs had a mild, but significant, blood glucose lowering effect and that the long-term
use of these agents may be advantageous over chemical drugs in alleviating some of the chronic diseases and
complications caused by diabetes. Additionally, the use of these natural agents in conjunction with conventional drug
treatments, such as a chemical agent or insulin, permits the use of lower doses of the drug and/or decreased
frequency of administration which decreases the side effects most commonly observed.
~9 Citings
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3542. Principles for applying traditional chinese medicine to cases of cancer
By Wicke Roger W; Cheung C S
From Integrative cancer therapies (2002), 1(2), 175-8; discussion 178, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Traditional Chinese herbology uses a system of categorizing clusters of symptoms and signs to differentially assess
the presence or absence of syndromes for which effective herbal formulas and methods are known. This system can
be useful in detecting and counteracting some of the severe systemic and metabolic imbalances that commonly occur
in cases of cancer. Basic theory and terminology is outlined, with comparisons between the empirical concepts of
Chinese herbology and their approximate physiological correlates.
~0 Citings
3543. Effects of acupuncture therapy on insomnia
By Sok Sohyune R; Erlen Judith A; Kim Kwuy Bun
From Journal of advanced nursing (2003), 44(4), 375-84, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
BACKGROUND: Acupuncture therapy, commonly used in clinical practice in oriental cultures, has the potential to
produce a positive effect with patients experiencing insomnia. AIM: The purposes of this systematic review were: (1)
to assess the trends across intervention studies using acupuncture for insomnia from 1975 to 2002, (2) to examine
dependent variables, and (3) to evaluate the effects of acupuncture therapy on insomnia in older people. METHOD:
Data were collected from November 2001 to January 2003. A wide range of electronic databases was searched using
the keywords 'insomnia', 'acupuncture' and 'experimental design'. Papers were included if they were published in the
English language between 1975 and 2002 and described an experimental study using acupuncture therapy to treat
insomnia. Eleven reports met these criteria. FINDINGS: Most of the studies had been conducted since 1990. The
findings showed that the first author was usually a Chinese medical doctor (n = 9) employed in a traditional department
of medicine. Most of the papers were published in two journals: International Journal of Clinical Acupuncture and
Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Data were limited because of the small number of studies available. Half the
studies had small samples (50 subjects or fewer), which were composed mainly of older women who had a variable
duration of insomnia from 3 days to 34 years. The main method used to assess outcomes was questionnaire. All the
studies reported statistically significant positive results. CONCLUSION: The results of this review suggest that
acupuncture may be an effective intervention for the relief of insomnia. Further research, using a randomized clinical
trial design, are necessary to determine the effectiveness of acupuncture. More work is also needed to promote the
long-term therapeutic effects of acupuncture and to compare it with other therapies for insomnia.
~2 Citings
3544. HIV and AIDS in the People's Republic of China: a collaborative review
By Portsmouth Simon; Stebbing Justin; Keyi Xu; Jianping Zhang; Guohua Pi
From International journal of STD & AIDS (2003), 14(11), 757-61, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
The number of individuals diagnosed with HIV in China has risen dramatically in the last two years coincident with
increased awareness and an attitude change within government. UNAIDS has suggested that China could have 10
million HIV infected people by 2010. However, antiretroviral treatments and HIV testing are not yet widely available
and infected individuals often live in remote areas. It is unlikely that cheaper, locally produced, generic antiretroviral
formulations will be available in China in the near future. Consequently, alternative strategies to manage HIV infection
are being considered including the use of hydroxyurea, chloroquine and traditional Chinese herbal medicines. It is
recognized in China that prevention and educational strategies will need to be at the forefront of approaches to control
this epidemic.
~3 Citings
3545. Traditional Chinese Medicine and heart disease: what does Western medicine and nursing science know about it?
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By Davidson Patricia; Hancock Karen; Leung Dominic; Ang Esther; Chang Esther; Thompson David R; Daly John
From European journal of cardiovascular nursing : journal of the Working Group on Cardiovascular Nursing of the
European Society of Cardiology (2003), 2(3), 171-81, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
BACKGROUND: Interest in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is growing rapidly beyond China. This interest is
driven by a combination of factors including recognition of potential benefits of TCM; dissatisfaction with the traditional
Western medical model; an increasing commitment to holistic care and increasing evidence for the interaction of
psychological factors and outcomes of disease and treatment and health consumer demand. AIMS: This review
article was prompted by the need to understand and interpret the increasing trend towards the use of TCM in heart
disease. In particular, this article defines and describes TCM, and analyses implications and challenges for Western
health care delivery models. LITERATURE SEARCH: This article provides a review of accessible evidence, to
English speaking health care professionals. The CINAHL, MEDLINE, HealthSTAR, Academic ASAP and Cochrane
databases were searched, identifying literature published from 1982. Search engines on the Internet were also used.
Examples of keywords used were "Traditional Chinese Medicine" and "heart". CONCLUSION: Difficulties in accessing
information regarding TCM have implications for health education in coronary heart disease and patient safety. The
rapid uptake of TCM in both Western and Chinese societies mandates an understanding of the principles and potential
interactions when TCM is complemented with Western medical treatment for heart disease. Development of this
knowledge and understanding is essential in order to provide safe and effective health care to patients who use
combination therapies.
~1 Citing
3546. Application of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of infertility
By Xu Xian; Yin Hang; Tang Daiyi; Zhang Li; Gosden Roger G
From Human fertility (Cambridge, England) (2003), 6(4), 161-8, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
The philosophy and practice of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have been evolving for thousands of years in
China, Japan and other Asian countries. TCM is now generating popular interest worldwide for reproductive health
care and disease prevention, including applications for treating infertility and improving sexual function. This review
focuses on the application of TCM for infertility patients, and provides a critical reflection on the efficacy and safety of
selected Chinese herbal formulas. It has been claimed that some formulas produce high clinical pregnancy rates with
few or no side effects, as well as improving the general well-being of patients. The need for randomized control trials
and research into possible mechanisms of action, effective doses, contra-indications and toxicity is self-evident.
However, the task is enormous in view of the number of herbal products currently available on the market; yet among
these products are undoubtedly some that will prove to be safe and beneficial.
~0 Citings
3547. Ethnopharmacological investigations on Thalictrum plants in China
By Chen Si-Bao; Chen Shi-Lin; Xiao Pei-Gen
From Journal of Asian natural products research (2003), 5(4), 263-71, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Thalictrum (Ranunculaceae) is an extremely abundant medicinal plant source. Due to their marked
ethnopharmacological usages in folk medicine of China and the large number of potentially active chemical
constituents, they may be a rich source for new chemicals for drug R&D. Here, an investigation on traditional functions
and folk therapeutic uses of Thalictrum plants from China, as well as their main chemical constituents, was undertaken.
It showed that 43 Thalictrum plants have long been used as folk medicine to treat many diseases in different races of
China. In addition, the correlation between folk therapeutic effects and chemical constituents, and the modem
pharmacological activities, are discussed as well as the prospect of isolation and development of new drugs from this
genus of plants.
~0 Citings
3548. Virtual screening on natural products for discovering active compounds and target information
By Shen Jianhua; Xu Xiaoying; Cheng Feng; Liu Hong; Luo Xiaomin; Shen Jingkang; Chen Kaixian; Zhao Weimin;
Shen Xu; Jiang Hualiang
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Natural products, containing inherently large-scale structural diversity than synthetic compounds, have been the major
resources of bioactive agents and will continually play as protagonists for discovering new drugs. However, how to
access this diverse chemical space efficiently and effectively is an exciting challenge for medicinal chemists and
pharmacologists. While virtual screening, which has shown a great promise in drug discovery, will play an important
role in digging out lead (active) compounds from natural products. This review focuses on the strategy of virtual
screening based on molecular docking and, with successful examples from our laboratory, illustrates the efficiency of
virtual screening in discovering active compounds from natural products. On the other hand, the sequencing of the
human genome and numerous pathogen genomes has resulted in an unprecedented opportunity for discovering
potential new drug targets. Chemogenomics has appeared as a new technology to initiate target discovery by using
active compounds as probes to characterize proteome functions. Natural products are the ideal probes for such
research. Binding affinity fingerprint is a powerful chemogenomic descriptor to characterize both small molecules and
pharmacologically relevant proteins. Therefore, this review also discusses binding affinity fingerprint strategy for
identifying target information from the genomic data by using natural products as the probes.
~5 Citings
3549. A survey on TCM treatment of polymyositis and dermatomyositis
By Rao Yuan
Database: MEDLINE
~0 Citings
3550. Progress in clinical, pharmacological, chemical and structural biological studies of huperzine A: a drug of traditional
chinese medicine origin for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
By Jiang Hualiang; Luo Xiaomin; Bai Donglu
HupA is a potent, reversible AChEI, which crosses the blood-brain barrier smoothly, and shows high specificity for
AChE with a prolonged biological half-life. It has been approved as the drug for the treatment of AD in China, and
marketed in USA as a dietary supplement. HupA has been the subject of investigations by an ever-increasing number
of researchers since 1980's. In the last four years, HupA has been further studied in many aspects such as the
chemical synthesis, structural modification, structure-activity relationship, various biological effects, and mechanisms of
action. A number of papers dealing with the computational modeling and X-ray crystallographic studies of HupA-AChE
complex have also been published. This review represents a comprehensive documentation of the progress in the
studies on HupA during the period of 1999-2002.
~4 Citings
3551. Chinese medicine and cancer care
By Beinfield Harriet; Korngold Efrem
From Alternative therapies in health and medicine (2003), 9(5), 38-52, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
~0 Citings
3552. Therapeutic mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine for chronic prostatitis
By Jiang Yi; Wang Jiu-Yuan; Zhang Shu-Wu
From Zhonghua nan ke xue = National journal of andrology (2003), 9(5), 385-8, Language: Chinese, Database:
MEDLINE
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Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has its unique therapeutic efforts on chronic prostatitis, a common disease of the
adult male. This article systematically reviews several aspects below: anti-inflammation, anti-infection, anti-fibrosis,
micro-circulation improvement, urodynamics improvement, immunomodulation, improvement of the pH value of
prostatic fluid and percolation dynamics of prostatic drugs, adjustment of the microelement zinc, and the characteristics
of TCM therapy. It also points out the gaps in recent researches and the focal points of future development.
~0 Citings
3553. Systemic therapy of atopic dermatitis
By Heratizadeh A; Breuer K; Kapp A; Werfel T
From Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete (2003), 54(10), 937-45,
Language: German, Database: MEDLINE
The optimal treatment of atopic dermatitis requires regular medical supervision. The course of this chronic skin
disease is influenced by multiple triggers which are relevant for the treatment. The mainstays of topical therapy include
regular use of emollients coupled with antimicrobial substances, corticosteroids and immune modulators as required.
Ultraviolet radiation and immunosuppressive regimens represent further options for the treatment of severe
exacerbations and may lead to long term improvement. Data from experimental studies provide insight into possible
future treatment methods.
~0 Citings
3554. Genetic authentication of ginseng and other traditional Chinese medicine
By Hon C C; Chow Y C; Zeng F Y; Leung F C C
The main objective of this paper is to review the chemical and genetic methods used in authentication of ginseng,
especially the recent advances in microsatellite genotyping and its application to the authentication of other traditional
Chinese medicines (TCM). The standardization and modernization of TCM hinge on the authentication of their
botanical identities. Analysis of well-characterized marker compounds is now the most popular method for identifying
the herbal materials and quality control of TCM, eg, ginsenoside profiling for authentication of Panax species.
However, in many herbal species the chemical composition of the plant changes with the external environment and
processing conditions, which lowers the reliability of these authentication methods. In the light of the advances in
molecular biotechnology in the past few decades, genetic tools are now considered to provide more standardized and
reliable methods for authentication of herbal materials at the DNA level. These genetic tools include random amplified
polymorphic DNA (RAPD), DNA fingerprinting using multi-loci probes, restriction fragment length polymorphism
(RFLP), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), and microsatellite marker technology. The practicality of
these methods varies in terms of their sensitivity, reliability, reproducibility, and running cost. Using ginseng as an
example, we reviewed the advantages and limitations of these molecular techniques in TCM authentication. We have
developed a set of microsatellite markers from American ginseng that are able to differentiate Panax ginseng and
Panax quinquetolius with the resolution down to farm level, ie, confirmation of its botanical identity and origin.
Compared with other molecular techniques, microsatellite marker technology is more robust, accurate, reproducible,
reliable, and sensitive. This is essential for large-scale TCM authentication centers.
~4 Citings
3555. Traditional healing systems and the ethos of science
By Quah Stella R
From Social science & medicine (1982) (2003), 57(10), 1997-2012, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
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This paper addresses the challenge posed to traditional Chinese medicine by the ethos of science and explores three
related assumptions. First, the ethos of traditional Chinese medicine is incompatible with the ethos of science.
Second, the challenge of science to traditional Chinese medicine is represented by the requirement to comply with
internationally recognized standards of medical research and practice applied to biomedicine, adopted and
implemented by the State. The State requires that the safety and effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine
procedures and medications be ascertained following the methodology chartered by the ethos of science. Third,
traditional Chinese medicine practitioners present a third ethos, the "ethos of pragmatic healing" based on the
pragmatic acculturation of clinical practice, as an alternative to the ethos of science. This third ethos is an inadequate
response to the challenge because it increases the divergence between health care policy requirements of scientific
scrutiny and the fostering of traditional Chinese medicine as an icon of Chinese culture. The study is based on data
from personal interviews with representative samples of three ethnic populations in Singapore; secondary data from
other studies; relevant official data; and documents from biomedical and traditional Chinese medicine organizations.
The methods include inductive analysis, multiple correlation and regression, and factor analysis among others. The
analysis indicates that the pressure to comply with official health regulations and the inability to succeed under the
ethos of science lead traditional Chinese medicine practitioners to respond with an ethos of pragmatic healing that
eschews conceptual analysis, ignores the paradigmatic divide with biomedicine, and focuses on "using what works".
This third ethos can only be a temporary response to the pressure to upgrade the practice of traditional Chinese
medicine and it does not correspond to pragmatic acculturation commonly found in the population. The ethos of
pragmatic healing leaves the challenge of science unresolved and it is likely to increase the level of conflict between
the realm of biomedicine (including health care policy requirements of scientific scrutiny) and the ethos of traditional
Chinese medicine.
~1 Citing
3556. Combined interventional therapies of hepatocellular carcinoma
By Qian Jun; Feng Gan-Sheng; Vogl Thomas
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world, responsible for an estimated
one million deaths annually. It has a poor prognosis due to its rapid infiltrating growth and complicating liver cirrhosis.
Surgical resection, liver transplantation and cryosurgery are considered the best curative options, achieving a high rate
of complete response, especially in patients with small HCC and good residual liver function. In nonsurgery, regional
interventional therapies have led to a major breakthrough in the management of unresectable HCC, which include
transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI), radiofrequency ablation (RFA),
microwave coagulation therapy (MCT), laser-induced thermotherapy (LITT), etc. As a result of the technical
development of locoregional approaches for HCC during the recent decades, the range of combined interventional
therapies has been continuously extended. Most combined multimodal interventional therapies reveal their enormous
advantages as compared with any single therapeutic regimen alone, and play more important roles in treating
unresectable HCC.
~4 Citings
3557. Phytomedicines for the prostate
By Steenkamp Vanessa
From Fitoterapia (2003), 74(6), 545-52, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Phytomedicines are becoming more popular all over the world. Prostate cancer patients and those with benign
prostatic hyperplasia are increasingly exploring the use of complementary alternative medicine especially due to the
risk of mortality and long-term morbidity associated with surgical procedures. The incidences of prostate diseases are
continually rising and the effect of phytomedicines already tested do provide relief, are well comparable with that of
traditional forms of treatment. This paper reviews the phytomedicines used in Africa, Western countries and China as
a treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatitis and prostate cancer. Herbals which hold potential promise are
mentioned, although much research is still required.
~2 Citings
3558. Applications of phosphorimetry in pharmaceutical analysis
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By Li Wei; Cao Ling-xian; Li Gai-ru; Jin Wei-jun
From Guang pu xue yu guang pu fen xi = Guang pu (2002), 22(3), 518-22, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE
Applications of phosphorimetry including solid substrate phosphorescence, liquid medium phosphorescence, low
temperature phosphorescence and phosphorescence sensors were reviewed in pharmaceutical analysis. The drugs
involved here included the varieties of alkaloid, Chinese traditional medicine, tetracyclines, quinolone, riboflavin,
anticancer medicine, naphazoline, naproxen, nafronyl dipyridamole and so on. Solid surface phosphorimetry is
characterized by sample volume of microliter grade, simple and fast operation procedures in pharmaceutical analysis.
The combination of liquid phosphorescence with flow injection analysis and chemosensing technique has good
advantages in fast, continuous and on-line monitoring of medicines. Modified low temperature phosphorimetry still
remains its high sensitivity and overcomes some disadvantages in the procedures. Phosphorimetry will be more
widely applied to pharmaceutical analysis as the development of sensitive and quenching, energy transfer, derivative
and immunization luminescence.
~0 Citings
3559. Traditional Chinese medicine in dermatology
By Koo John; Desai Rishi
From Dermatologic therapy (2003), 16(2), 98-105, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an alternative method of therapy that can be administered in oral, topical, or
injectable forms. It emphasizes the importance of using many herbs that are combined in different formulations for
each individual patient. Since it is not possible to discuss all applications of TCM in every skin disorder, psoriasis and
atopic dermatitis are used as the prototypes in illustrating the use of TCM. A number of studies have shown the
usefulness of TCM in the treatment of these skin conditions, and thus it is worthwhile for dermatologists throughout the
West to gain some familiarity with this method. We attempt to provide a general overview of TCM through a discussion
of efficacy, mechanisms of action, and side effects of various TCMs. A warning regarding the possible contamination
of TCMs is also included. In the future, perhaps a better understanding of TCM will be gained through more systematic
analysis and controlled studies with a placebo arm. It is our hope that this article will provide dermatologists with a
more complete understanding of the role and ramifications of TCM therapy.
~3 Citings
3560. The application of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry/mass spectrometry in the trace
elements and speciation analysis of traditional Chinese Medicine
By Chen Hao; Liang Pei; Hu Bin; Zhao Li; Sun Da-hai; Wang Xiao-ru
From Guang pu xue yu guang pu fen xi = Guang pu (2002), 22(6), 1019-24, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE
A review on the content and speciation analysis of trace element in traditional chinese medicine (TCM) by ICPAES/MS was presented. The study is mainly focused on the following subjects: sample digestion techniques;
determination and speciation analysis of trace elements. The development trend of this area in the near future is
briefly introduced. 58 references are cited. The results show that the microwave digestion techniques is a idea
pretreatment method of sample for tradition chinese medicine; ICP-AES/MS and all kinds of hyphenated techniques for
atomic optical/mass spectrometry/chromatography are very useful for the determination and speciation analysis of
trace elements in TCM.
~0 Citings
3561. Advances in the research of the peritoneal lymphatic stomata in human
By Li H; Li J
From Zhongguo yi xue ke xue yuan xue bao. Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae (2000), 22(6), 585-8, Language:
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Peritoneal lymphatic stomata are small openings of the subperitoneal lymphatic vessels on the free surface of the
mesothelium. The peritoneal cavity is connected with lymphatic system via these small openings which are considered
to be the main passage-way that can absorb matter from the peritoneal cavity. The lymphatic stomata are claimed to
be involved in many clinic procedures, such as ascites elimination; ultrafiltration failure on the continuous ambulatory
peritoneal dialysis; metastasis of tumor cells from the peritoneal cavity, and so on. It was reported that the cellular
factor-NO(i.e. endothelium-derived relaxing factor, EDRF) can enhance the patency of the stomata and lymphatic
absorption of the stomata by stimulating guanylate way, then increasing the concentration of the cGMP, decreasing the
concentration of the [Ca2+] and as a result diastole the lymphatic stomata. Some traditional Chinese medicines, which
can enhance absorption of ascites, have a regulative function on the stomata by enhancing the NO concentration.
~0 Citings
3562. Natural products of the medicinal fungus Ganoderma lucidum: occurrence, biological activities, and
pharmacological functions
By Shiao Ming-Shi
From Chemical record (New York, N.Y.) (2003), 3(3), 172-80, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Ganoderma lucidum, a fungus used in traditional Chinese medicine, produces polysaccharides and oxygenated
triterpenoids with a very broad spectrum of biological activities and pharmacological functions. Among the Ganoderma
triterpenoids, many pairs of C-3 alpha/beta stereoisomers and C-3/C-15 positional isomers have been identified.
Biosynthetic study has indicated that the C-3alpha series of oxygenated triterpenoids is derived from the C-3beta
series via an oxidation-reduction pathway. The interaction of Ganoderma triterpenoids with human platelets in the
induction of aggregation and inhibition of agonist-induced aggregation and signal transduction has been elucidated.
Reduction of cellular mevalonate content to a stage in which cholesterol synthesis is strongly inhibited and cell growth
is marginally arrested sensitizes hepatoma cells to the oxygenated triterpenoids. A combination treatment of lovastatin
and Ganoderma triterpenoids in animal studies has exhibited a potential anticancer effect.
~2 Citings
3563. Plants used in Chinese and Indian traditional medicine for improvement of memory and cognitive function
By Howes Melanie-Jayne R; Houghton Peter J
From Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior (2003), 75(3), 513-27, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
In traditional practices of Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine, numerous plants have been used to treat cognitive
disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). An ethnopharmacological
approach has provided leads to identifying potential new drugs from plant sources, including those for cognitive
disorders. Many drugs currently available in Western medicine were originally isolated from plants, or are derived from
templates of compounds isolated from plants. Some anticholinesterase (anti-ChE) alkaloids isolated from plants have
been investigated for their potential in the treatment of AD, and are now in clinical use. Galantamine, isolated from
several plants including Lycoris radiata Herb., which was used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is licensed in the
United Kingdom for the treatment of mild to moderate AD. Various other plant species have shown pharmacological
activities relevant to the treatment of cognitive disorders, indicating potential for therapeutic use in disorders such as
AD. This article reviews some of the plants and their active constituents that have been used in traditional Ayurvedic
medicine and TCM for their reputed cognitive-enhancing or antiageing effects. Plants and their constituents with
pharmacological activities that may be relevant for the treatment of cognitive disorders, including enhancement of
cholinergic function in the central nervous system (CNS), anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, are discussed.
~4 Citings
3564. Tetrandrine and related bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloids from medicinal herbs: cardiovascular effects and
mechanisms of action
By Kwan Chiu-Yin; Achike F I
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Tetrandrine (TET), a bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid purified and identified an active ingredient in a Chinese medicinal
herb, radix stephanae tetrandrae, has been used traditionally for the treatment of congestive circulatory disorder and
inflammatory diseases. TET, together with a few of its structural analogues, has long been demonstrated to have
antihypertensive action in clinical as well as animal studies. Presumably, the primary anti-hypertensive action of TET
is due to its vasodilatory properties. TET prevents or inhibits vascular contraction induced by membrane depolarization
with KCl or alpha-adrenoceptor activation with phenylephrine (PE). TET (30 micromol/L) also inhibits the release of
endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) as well as NO production by inducible NO synthase. TET apparently inhibits
multiple Ca2+ entry pathways as demonstrated in cell types lacking the L-type Ca2+ channels. In cardiac muscle cells,
TET inhibits both L- and T-type Ca2+ channels. In addition to its actions on cardiovascular tissues, TET may also
exert its anti-hypertensive action via a Ca2+-dependent manner on other tissues intimately involved in the modulation
of blood pressure control, such as adrenal glands. In adrenal glomerulosa cells, KCl- or angiotensin II-induced
aldosterone synthesis is highly dependent on extracellular Ca2+. Steroidogenesis and Ca2+-influx in bovine adrenal
glomerulosa cells have been shown to be potently inhibited by TET. In bovine adrenal chromaffin cells, TET inhibits
Ca2+ currents via L- and N-type channels as well as other unidentified channels with IC50 of 10 micromol/L. Other
than the Ca2+ antagonistic effects, TET also interacts with the alpha-adrenergic receptors and muscarinic receptors
based on functional as well as radioligand binding studies. Apart from its functional effects, TET and related
compounds also exert effects on tissue structures, such as remodelling of hypertrophied heart and inhibition of
angiogenesis, probably by causing apoptotic responses. TET is also known for its anti-inflammatory and antifibrogenic actions, which make TET and related compound potentially useful in the treatment of lung silicosis, liver
cirrhosis, and rheumatoid arthritis.
~5 Citings
3565. Review of study on mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in treating autoimmunity disease
By Chen Zijun; Li Yunsen; Li Yikui
This paper summarizes mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in treating autoimmunity disease which are
immunoinhibitation, immunoregulation, anti-oxidation, acceleration of apoptosis and affection on nerve medium.
~0 Citings
3566. Advances in the study on depressive and anxiety disorders treated with traditional Chinese medicine and herbal
drugs
By Li J M; Kong L D
~0 Citings
3567. Use of animal products in traditional Chinese medicine: environmental impact and health hazards
By Still J
From Complementary therapies in medicine (2003), 11(2), 118-22, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been increasingly practised in many countries of the world. Some recent
textbooks of TCM still recommend formulas containing various animal tissues such as tiger bones, antelope, buffalo or
rhino horns, deer antlers, testicles and os penis of the dog, bear or snake bile. Usually, animal tissues are combined
with medical herbs. In most of the cases, the medical use of the preparations is justified in terms of the rules of TCM.
So far, little research has been done to prove the claimed clinical efficacy of TCM animal products. This paper
discusses some related ecological, ethico-legal and health concerns such as hunting, breeding and trade with
endangered species, risks of transmission of zoonoses, quality of the products, and alternatives to preparations from
endangered species.
~7 Citings
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3568. Chemical and pharmacological investigations of Epimedium species: a survey
By Wu Hao; Lien Eric J; Lien Linda L
From Progress in drug research. Fortschritte der Arzneimittelforschung. Progres des recherches pharmaceutiques
(2003), 601-57, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
More than 130 different compounds have been identified from over 16 species of the Epimedium genus of the
Berberidaceae family. Eight of these species have been used in the Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) over
centuries to treate a wide range of diseases. From in vitro and in vivo experimental data, and preliminary structureactivity relationship (SAR) analysis of the androgenic/anti-estrogenic and anti-oxidant activities of the icariin series of
flavonoids and glycosides, the results appear to be consistent with those of known anti-estrogenic flavonoids, such as
luteolin. Further QSAR analysis of the different active ingredients is now in progress and will be reported elsewhere.
Our survey suggests the possibility of multiple targets and multiple mechanisms of action by Epimedium preparations
and their purified compounds. These may serve as leads for further new drug development.
~1 Citing
3569. Integrating complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) into standard hospice and palliative care
By Lewis Charles R; de Vedia Ana; Reuer Barbara; Schwan Rodney; Tourin Christina
From The American journal of hospice & palliative care (2003), 20(3), 221-8, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
In the United States, there are 629 million visits to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) providers each
year. Many adults appear to value both conventional and CAM approaches. Because of this public interest and
promising evidence that CAM relieves suffering and improves quality of life, we established a program of CAM, known
as Integrative Palliative Care (IPC), in a US hospice. This paper outlines our strategy of collaborative relationships
with community schools of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), massage, and harp therapy. It also describes the use
of volunteers and small grants and donations to develop and maintain a program of CAM in the hospice setting. The
difficulties of research design, problems with tracking outcomes, and the shortcomings of providing therapies with this
model are discussed.
~1 Citing
3570. Future approaches to food allergy
By Nowak-Wegrzyn Anna
From Pediatrics (2003), 111(6 Pt 3), 1672-80, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Food allergy affects approximately 2% of the general US population, and its prevalence seems to be increasing.
Despite the potential for a fatal outcome, no definitive therapies are available for food allergy. This article reviews
novel approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of food allergy. Improved diagnostic methods include more precise
in vitro and in vivo tests for immunoglobulin E-mediated food allergies, in vitro assays for predicting development of
oral tolerance, and novel noninvasive tests for cell-mediated food allergies such as patch testing, cytokine assays, and
detection of eosinophil activation markers. Several promising novel immunomodulatory approaches to food allergy are
discussed, including monoclonal anti-immunoglobulin E; probiotics; traditional Chinese medicine; and immunotherapy
with modified food proteins, peptides, bacterial adjuvants, and immunostimulatory sequences.
~2 Citings
3571. Application of pattern recognition to quality assessment of the traditional Chinese medicine
By Zhao Yu-xin; Li Man-ling
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OBJECTIVE: To review the application of the pattern recognition to quality assessment of the Chinese Traditional
Medicine. METHOD: Papers of application of chemical pattern recognition, pattern recognition of stereoscopic
features and artificial neural networks to quality assessment of the Chinese Traditional Medicine were collected and
the application of different method was reviewed. RESULT: IR, UV, GC, GC-Mass and the sum mass spectra were
used to evaluate the chemical character of different samples, and the microscopic features of the epidermis were
scored quantitatively by stereology and image analysis on the basis of classical taxonomy,. BP networks were also
widely used. CONCLUSION: Chemical pattern recognition, pattern recognition of stereoscopic features and artificial
neural networks are of important use in quality assessment of material medica.
~0 Citings
3572. Recent development of antitumor agents from Chinese herbal medicines. Part II. High molecular compounds(3)
By Tang Weici; Hemm Ingrid; Bertram Barbara
From Planta medica (2003), 69(3), 193-201, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
High molecular compounds from Chinese herbal medicines, including ribosome-inactivating proteins and
polysaccharides from both fungi and high plants have been tested for the treatment of malignant diseases.
Polysaccharides possessing immunostimulating activities can be used as adjuvants in tumor treatment. The fungi
containing such polysaccharides are usually edible mushrooms or tonics in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Parts from
high plants such as Radix Astragali and Fructus Lycii containing polysaccharides are mainly used as tonic in
Traditional Chinese Medicine. Ribosome-inactivating proteins are a group of proteins exerting cytotoxic activities via
inhibition of protein synthesis. Some of the ribosome-inactivating proteins have been used as the cytotoxic part in
conjugates with monoclonal antibodies as tumor-targeting drugs. The cytotoxic and antineoplastic mechanisms of the
high molecular compounds are rather different from those of the low molecular compounds described in part I.
~1 Citing
3573. New findings in acupuncture therapy
By Habek Dubravko
From Lijecnicki vjesnik (2002), 124(10), 322-9, Language: Croatian, Database: MEDLINE
Acupuncture is an ancient method of healing coming from the Chinese traditional medicine. In Western medical
science it is accepted and proven method of healing based on neurophysiological, neurobiochemical and
neuroendocrinological research. Acupuncture as a method of healing has been accepted also by the World Health
Organisation with strongly defined indications and contraindications. Indications for acupuncture included: acute and
chronic pain syndrome, allergic disorders, addiction, psychosomatic and psychosexual illness and acupuncture
analgesia/anaesthesia. It is very important that there are no harms of acupuncture treatment, although mild side
effects are possible. Acupuncture is based on characteristics of meridian points, afferent nerve information evoked by
acupuncture stimulation, inhibitory mechanisms in the central nervous system, endogenous antinociceptive substances
concerned with acupuncture analgesia and descending mechanisms of antinociceptive control.
~0 Citings
3574. Progression of study on treatment of acute myocardial infarction with thrombolysis therapy of integrated tradition
Chinese and Western medicine
By Yang Chuan-hua; Lu Feng
Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (2002), 22(1), 73-5,
~0 Citings
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3575. Superfine comminution technology and its application in the processing of Chinese traditional medicine
By Chen Li; Wu Yiping; Zhang Lefu
From Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials (2002), 25(1), 55-7, Language: Chinese,
Database: MEDLINE
The definition and mechanism of superfine comminution is introduced and the characteristics of equipments in
common use for superfine comminution were outlined. The advantages of Chinese traditional medicine processed by
superfine comminution are analyzed. The stress was laid on the present state and their advantages and
disadvantages of the equipments used in the processing of Chinese traditional medicine. Vibration mill was pointed
out to be the optimal equipment for the superfine comminution of Chinese traditional medicine.
~0 Citings
3576. A systematic review of alternative therapies in the irritable bowel syndrome
By Spanier Jennifer A; Howden Colin W; Jones Michael P
From Archives of internal medicine (2003), 163(3), 265-74, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
The irritable bowel syndrome is a common disorder associated with a significant burden of illness, poor quality of life,
high rates of absenteeism, and high health care utilization. Management can be difficult and treatment unrewarding;
these facts have led physicians and patients toward alternative therapies. We explored a variety of treatments that
exist beyond the scope of commonly used therapies for irritable bowel syndrome. Guarded optimism exists for
traditional Chinese medicine and psychological therapies, but further well-designed trials are needed. Oral cromolyn
sodium may be useful in chronic unexplained diarrhea and appears as effective as and safer than elimination diets.
The roles of lactose and fructose intolerance remain poorly understood. Alterations of enteric flora may play a role in
irritable bowel syndrome, but supporting evidence for bacterial overgrowth or probiotic therapy is lacking.
~8 Citings
3577. Progress of TCM study on insulin resistance
By Xie Q C; Sui Z Y; Zhang W G
~0 Citings
3578. Biological properties and therapeutic potential of bilirubin
By McGeary Ross P; Szyczew Alexander J; Toth Istvan
From Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry (2003), 3(3), 253-6, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Bilirubin was long considered a useless metabolite of heme catabolism, responsible for the clinical manifestation of
jaundice, and potentially toxic in high doses, particularly in neonates. In the past two decades the potent biological
properties of bilirubin, particularly as an antioxidant, have been recognised, and this has prompted a number of
investigations into this molecule concerning its in vitro and in vivo properties. This review summarises that work, as
well as more recent investigations into the potential therapeutic uses of bilirubin.
~0 Citings
3579. Novel diarylheptanoids of Alpinia blepharocalyx
By Kadota Shigetoshi; Tezuka Yasuhiro; Prasain Jeevan Kumar; Ali Mohammad Shawkat; Banskota Arjun H
From Current topics in medicinal chemistry (2003), 3(2), 203-25, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
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The seeds of Alpinia blepharocalyx K. Schum. (Zingiberaceae) is used in Chinese traditional medicine for the
treatment of stomach disorders. From the ether fraction of a 95% ethanolic extract, which showed hepatoprotective
and antiproliferative activities, we isolated 16 novel diarylheptanoids bearing a chalcone or a flavanone moiety
[calyxins A-H; epicalyxins B-D, G, and H; 6-hydroxycalyxin F; and blepharocalyxins A and B] together with seven
known compounds, while the residual fraction of the ethanolic extract gave 32 novel diarylheptanoids namely, calyxins
A, E-G, and I-M; epicalyxins B, F, I-K, and M; deoxycalyxin A; blepharocalyxins C-E; neocalyxins A and B; (3S,5S)and (3S,5R)-3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methoxy-7-phenyl-6E-heptene, (3S,5S)- and (3S,5R)-3-hydroxy-1-(4hydroxyphenyl)-5-ethoxy-7-phenyl-6E-heptene, (3S)-3-methoxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6E-hepten-5-one, 1,7-bis(4hydroxyphenyl)-hepta-4E,6E-dien-3-one, (3S,7R)-5,6-dehydro-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-4"-de-O-methyl-centrolobine,
(3S,5S,6S,7R)-5,6-dihydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4"-de-O-me-thylcentrolobine, (3S,5R,6S,7R)- and
(3S,5S,6R,7R)-5,6-dihydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4"-de-O-methyl-centrolobine, 1,2- dihydro-bis(de-Omethyl)curcumin, and (3S,7S)-5,6-dehydro-4"-de-O-methylcentrolobine, and one known diarylheptanoid [(3S,5S)-3,5dihydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)heptane] together with 12 other known phenolic compounds. Moreover, in vitro NO
inhibitory and antiproliferative activities of the isolated compounds were also tested and the active constituents
identified.
~1 Citing
3580. Immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of triptolide, the principal active diterpenoid from the
Chinese medicinal herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f
By Qiu Daoming; Kao Peter N
From Drugs in R&D (2003), 4(1), 1-18, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Extracts of Tripterygium wilfordii hook. f. (leigong teng, Thundergod vine) are effective in traditional Chinese medicine
for treatment of immune inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, nephritis
and asthma. Characterisation of the terpenoids present in extracts of Tripterygium identified triptolide, a diterpenoid
triepoxide, as responsible for most of the immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects observed
in vitro. Triptolide inhibits lymphocyte activation and T-cell expression of interleukin-2 at the level of transcription. In all
cell types examined, triptolide inhibits nuclear factor-kappaB transcriptional activation at a unique step in the nucleus
after binding to DNA. Further characterisation of the molecular mechanisms of triptolide action will serve to elucidate
pathways of immune system regulation.
~12 Citings
3581. A review of research actuality on age-related macular degeneration
By Wang X; Hu S
From Yan ke xue bao = Eye science / "Yan ke xue bao" bian ji bu (2001), 17(4), 245-51, Language: Chinese,
Database: MEDLINE
A research actuality on Age-related Macular Degeneration(AMD) is reviewed, including epidemiology, pathogeny,
mechanism, and the therapy of western or traditional chinese medicine. The pathogeny of AMD is linked with age,
race, the history of heredity, smoking and environment. The mechanism of AMD is concerned with the metabolic
disturbance of RPE and the chronic nonspecific inflammation. The main therapies for treating AMD include laser
photocoagulation, photodynamic therapy, surgery, radiotherapy, drug and gene therapy. Using traditional chinese
medicine to treat AMD is an exploratory direction which deserves to be mentioned due to the present situation of no
effective treatments to AMD.
~1 Citing
3582. Assessing the consistency of traditional Chinese medical diagnosis: an integrative approach
By Zhang Grant G; Bausell Barker; Lao Lixing; Handwerger Barry; Berman Brian M
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Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) differs from its Western counterpart in a number of ways. One of the more striking
ways involves a conceptually oriented diagnostic system that relies more on the clinician's reading of the patient's
symptoms and signs than on laboratory findings. Because highly individualized TCM treatment plans emanate directly
from its diagnostic system, a necessary condition for conducting clinically relevant TCM efficacy trials rests on the
answer to a simple question: How consistent are different TCM practitioners at making the same TCM diagnoses and
prescribing comparable treatment regimens for the same group of patients? Unfortunately, this question has not been
adequately investigated, nor has the related question: Could the TCM diagnostic process be enhanced by access to
modern biomedical tests? The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to discuss a number of the conceptual and
methodological issues involved in the design of a recently funded NIH study whose primary purpose is to address
these 2 questions.
~0 Citings
3583. Plants with traditional uses and activities, relevant to the management of Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive
disorders
By Howes Melanie-Jayne R; Perry Nicolette S L; Houghton Peter J
In traditional practices of medicine, numerous plants have been used to treat cognitive disorders, including
neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other memory related disorders. An
ethnopharmacological approach has provided leads to identifying potential new drugs from plant sources, including
those for memory disorders. There are numerous drugs available in Western medicine that have been directly isolated
from plants, or are derived from templates of compounds from plant sources. For example, some alkaloids from plant
sources have been investigated for their potential in AD therapy, and are now in clinical use (e.g. galantamine from
Galanthus nivalis L. is used in the United Kingdom). Various other plant species have shown favourable effects in AD,
or pharmacological activities indicating the potential for use in AD therapy. This article reviews some of the plants and
their active constituents that have been used in traditional medicine, including Ayurvedic, Chinese, European and
Japanese medicine, for their reputed cognitive-enhancing and antidementia effects. Plants and their constituents with
pharmacological activities that may be relevant to the treatment of cognitive disorders, including enhancement of
cholinergic function in the central nervous system, anti-cholinesterase (anti-ChE), antiinflammatory, antioxidant and
oestrogenic effects, are discussed.
~7 Citings
3584. Serious adverse effects of unconventional therapies for children and adolescents: a systematic review of recent
evidence
By Ernst Edzard
From European journal of pediatrics (2003), 162(2), 72-80, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Unconventional therapies have become popular in paediatric and adolescent populations. It is therefore important to
define their risks. The aim of this systematic review was to summarise the recent evidence. Computerised literature
searches were carried out in five databases to identify all recent reports of adverse events associated with
unconventional therapies in children. The reports were summarised in narrative and tabular form. The results show
that numerous case reports and several case series have been published since 1990. Investigations of a more
systematic nature are, however, rare. Most of the adverse events were associated with herbal medications.
Inadequately regulated herbal medicines may contain toxic plant material, be contaminated with heavy metals, or be
adulterated with synthetic drugs. The adverse events included bradycardia, brain damage, cardiogenic shock, diabetic
coma, encephalopathy, heart rupture, intravascular haemolysis, liver failure, respiratory failure, toxic hepatitis and
death. A high degree of uncertainty regarding a causal relationship between therapy and adverse event was frequently
noted. The size of the problem and its importance relative to the well-documented risks of conventional treatments are
presently unknown. Several unconventional therapies may constitute a risk to the health of children and adolescents.
At present, it is impossible to provide reliable incidence figures. It seems important to be vigilant and investigate this
area more systematically.
~2 Citings
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3585. Authentication of traditional Chinese herbal medicines (TCHM) by fingerprints of characteristic general constituents
By Qin H L; Wang Z T; Xu L S; Zhao T Z
OBJECTIVE: To describe the theory, scientific significance, distinguishing features and authentication feasibility of
TCHMs by spectral fingerprints of characteristic general constituents. METHOD: Previous relevant investigations and
literatures were summed up in the field, and the present situation on the authentication of TCHMs at home and abroad
was analysed. RESULT: The characteristic general constituents of TCHMs can be obtained by an appropriate
procedure. Their compositions and structures can be determined by spectral fingerprints, especially the 1HNMR
fingerprint. The species of TCHMs can be identified accurately by these fingerprints. Besides, the quality of TCHMs
can be evaluated by the contents of their GCEs. CONCLUSION: Fingerprint authentication of characteristic general
constituents of TCHMs has profound significance for the species identification and quality evaluation of TCHMs.
~0 Citings
3586. Traditional Chinese herbal drugs in military medicine: uses and prospects
By Shi C H; Xiao X H; Bao Y Y; Liu F Q
~0 Citings
3587. Phytotherapy in chronic prostatitis
By Shoskes Daniel A
From Urology (2002), 60(6 Suppl), 35-7; discussion 37, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Chronic prostatitis is a very common condition that is poorly understood and has a significant impact on quality of life.
Given the lack of proven efficacy of conventional therapies, such as antibiotics, it is not surprising that patients have
turned with increasing frequency to phytotherapy and other alternative treatments. Although alternative therapies are
plentiful, few have been subjected to scientific scrutiny and prospective controlled clinical trials. This review will cover
phytotherapies commonly used in prostatitis patients and focus in detail on those with published data. These
treatments include zinc, cernilton (bee pollen), quercetin, and saw palmetto. Although many of these therapies appear
promising in small preliminary studies, phytotherapy requires the same scientific criteria for validation and acceptance
as do conventional medical therapies.
~2 Citings
3588. Entelechy: the intelligence of the body
By de Quincey Christian
From Advances in mind-body medicine (2002), 18(1), 41-5, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
~0 Citings
3589. Advances in the study on effect of traditional Chinese medicine on gene expression
By Chen S H; Wang X H; Wang S Q
25(9), 515-7, 565, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE
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OBJECTIVE: To review the progresses in the study on the effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on gene
expression. METHOD: Consulting more than 20 domestic relevant documents of recent years and summarizing
several representative kinds of TCM. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: The curative effect of TCM has something to do
with its bioactive composition that promotes the regulation of gene expression; and the continued study on this
mechanism of regulation may contribute to the modernization of TCM theory.
~0 Citings
3590. Traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of breast cancer
By Cohen Isaac; Tagliaferri Mary; Tripathy Debu
From Seminars in oncology (2002), 29(6), 563-74, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
The treatment of breast cancer involves multiple disciplines, and current recommendations are based on modern
tenets of biology and pharmacology along with a growing body of evidence-based literature. Despite advances in
screening, surgery, adjuvant radiation, and systemic therapy, as well as novel biologically targeted therapies, there are
limitations to their benefits, especially in advanced disease. Complementary therapies including Oriental medicine
have enjoyed a growing popularity as a less intensive and more "natural" approach to achieving health or improving
quality of life. However, definitive literature in this area is scant and therefore has not been integrated into the
mainstream medical community. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) may serve as a useful model for scientific
inquiry since there is a standardized system of diagnostics and therapies, and this discipline is practiced worldwide.
Still, the holistic and individualized nature of TCM presents challenges to rigorous clinical testing, and as a result, most
published work in this field is in the form of anecdotal reports or uncontrolled series. Among the components of TCM,
herbal or botanical agents possess complex biological activities that could affect many aspects of carcinogenesis such
as cell growth and proliferation, apoptosis, host-tumor interactions, and immune function and differentiation. Despite a
fairly extensive series of laboratory studies detailing many biological effects of botanical agents, few clinical trials have
been completed to test specific hypotheses regarding the mode of action of TCM. Most TCM therapies have been
empirically applied in a series of patients, with descriptive results provided. The summaries of a few studies
highlighted in this review can provide some evidence of safety but generally do not possess the design and results to
verify clinical effectiveness. Nevertheless, the theory of TCM coupled with laboratory studies and safety information
can serve as a basis for the design of more definitive trials of TCM for specific indications in breast cancer. There are
increasing interest and growing opportunities for investigative approaches that could ultimately verify or reject TCM and
specific botanical agents. Some of these initiatives in the area of breast cancer prevention and treatment are outlined.
~2 Citings
3591. Ion-channels in human sperm membrane and contraceptive mechanisms of male antifertility compounds derived
from Chinese traditional medicine
By Shi Yu-Liang; Bai Jun-Ping; Wang Wen-Ping
Ion channel plays a key role in maturation, capacitation and acrosome reaction of sperm. However, as it is difficult to
record channel currents from a mature mammal sperm directly by patch-clamp technique, there were no basic data on
the types and properties of the channels in human sperm until the method reconstituting the channels into bilayer was
used. By reconstituting the channel proteins isolated from sperm membrane into phospholipid-forming bilayer, we
have characterized several kinds of Ca2+-, Na+-, K+-, and Cl--permeable channels with different conductance and
properties in human sperm membrane. To study the channels in spermatogenic cells is another approach to
understand the ion-channels in mature sperm. The cell is used as a model to analyze the effects of male antifertility
agents on Ca2+-channel. To date, several male contraceptives derived from Chinese traditional medicine have been
attached worldwide interest, a lot of compounds have been purified from them, and the antifertility effects of some
compounds were demonstrated. We studied the effects of gossypol and several compounds isolated from
Tripterygium wilffordii on Ca2+ channel in mouse spermatogenic cells and found that each of them inhibited the
channel and sperm acrosome reaction at a proximate concentration, suggesting that the inhibition of Ca2+ channels
may be one mechanism of the antifertility effects of these contraceptives.
~0 Citings
3592. Medical application of nano-materials
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By Jiang Hui-qing; Chen Yi-fei
From Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative
and reconstructive surgery (2002), 16(6), 435-7, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE
OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress and medical application of nano-materials. METHODS: The literature
review and comprehensive analysis, methods were used in this study. RESULTS: The Nanotechnology is a typical
crossing knowledge. It could be extensively applied in the fields of novel biomaterials, effective transmission of
bioactive factor; the detection of functions for all vital organ systems, vascular circulation condition, the control of repair
of burn trauma wounds will be monitored by the varied methods of nano technology combined with molecular biological
engineering. CONCLUSION: The application of Nanotechnology will play important roles in clinical medicine, wound
repair and basic research for the traditional Chinese medicine.
~0 Citings
3593. Renal interstitial fibrosis and urothelial carcinoma associated with the use of a Chinese herb (Aristolochia fangchi)
By Nortier J L; Vanherweghem J L
From Toxicology (2002), 181-182577-80, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
A new renal disease called 'Chinese-herb nephropathy' (CHN) has been reported to occur in women who have
ingested slimming pills containing powdered extracts of the Chinese herb Stephania tetrandra (ST). Moderate to endstage renal disease developed, requiring renal replacement therapy by dialysis or transplantation. Phytochemical
analyses of the pills revealed the presence of aristolochic acids (AA) instead of tetrandrine, suggesting the substitution
of ST (Han fang ji) by Aristolochia fangchi containing nephrotoxic and carcinogenic AA. A typical histological feature of
CHN is a progressive interstitial fibrosis leading to a severe atrophy of the proximal tubules, as documented by the
urinary excretion rates of markers of tubular integrity (reduction of neutral endopeptidase enzymuria and high levels of
microproteinurias). Removal of the native kidneys and ureters in end-stage CHN patients provided a high prevalence
of urothelial carcinoma (46%). Tissue samples contained AA-related DNA adducts, which are not only specific
markers of prior exposure to AA but are also directly involved in tumorigenesis. Exposure to Aristolochia species
(spp.) is associated with the development of renal interstitial fibrosis (CHN) and urothelial cancer in humans. Health
professionals should be aware that in traditional Chinese medicine, Aristolochia spp. are considered interchangeable
with certain other herbal ingredients and are also sometimes mistaken for ST, Akebia, Asarum, Clematis spp. and
Cocculus spp. in herbal remedies.
~0 Citings
3594. Toxicity of the Chinese herb mu tong (Aristolochia manshuriensis). What history tells us
By Zhu You-Ping
From Adverse drug reactions and toxicological reviews (2002), 21(4), 171-7, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Plant sources of some traditional Chinese herbs may have changed over time. History records of herbal toxicity should
be viewed critically when different plants might have been used under the same name in earlier eras. The current
main source of the Chinese herb Mu Tong is Aristolochia manshuriensis. Examination of classical Chinese herbal
literature revealed that until the mid 17th century the original source plants of Mu Tong had been several Akebia
species. From the 17th century until the early 20th century Clematis species were the main source of Mu Tong. A
manshuriensis has only been widely used since the 1950s. Renal failure due to ingestion of large doses of A.
manshuriensis has been reported in China and other countries while no such toxicity has been recorded in traditional
Chinese herbal texts. Documentation of traditional Chinese herbal literature should help to ensure the safe use of
Chinese herbs.
~4 Citings
3595. The Baikal scullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi)--a potential source of new drugs
By Martin J; Dusek J
From Ceska a Slovenska farmacie : casopis Ceske farmaceuticke spolecnosti a Slovenske farmaceuticke spolecnosti
(2002), 51(6), 277-83, Language: Czech, Database: MEDLINE
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The scullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi) is a medicinal plant of traditional Chinese medicine and the drug-Scutellariae radix--is, because of its antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, antiinflammatory, antiallergic, and sedative
properties, the subject of intensive development. This paper reports the results of pharmacological-toxicological
studies of this drug and its flavonids approximately from the year 1990 till the year 2001. The results confirm the
validity of traditional use and at the same time indicate that some flavonoids have more utilizable therapeutic effects.
Mainly baicalein seems to be a prospective medicine for the treatment of some kinds of cancer.
~1 Citing
3596. Linking Chinese medicine and G-protein-coupled receptors
By Im Dong Soon
Following the purification of the immunosuppressant ISP-1 from a Chinese medicine, Japanese scientists have
developed a more potent immune modulator, FTY720, that induces T-cell homing. FTY720, a promising
immunosuppressant for use in patients with tissue transplants and autoimmune diseases, is currently in clinical trials.
Two recent studies have elucidated that the mechanism of action of FTY720 is via a subset of G-protein-coupled
receptors for the lysophospholipid mediator sphingosine-1-phosphate.
~2 Citings
3597. Preparation of the traditional Chinese medicine compound recipe heart-protecting musk pH-dependent gradientrelease pellets
By Song Hongtao; Guo Tao; Zhang Ruhua; Zheng Chunli; Ma Yan; Li Xian; Bi Kaishun; Tang Xing
From Drug development and industrial pharmacy (2002), 28(10), 1261-73, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
In this study a sustained-release formulation of traditional Chinese medicine compound recipe (TCMCR) was
developed by selecting heart-protecting musk pills (HPMP) as the model drug. Heart-protecting musk pellets were
prepared with the refined medicinal materials contained in the recipe of HPMP. Two kinds of coated pellets were
prepared by using pH-dependent methacrylic acid as film-forming material, which could dissolve under different pH
values in accordance with the physiological range of human gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The pellets coated with
Eudragit L30D-55, which dissolves at pH value over 5.5, were designed to disintegrate and release drug in the
duodenum. The pellets coated with Eudragit L100-Eudragit S100 combinations in the ratio of 1:5, which dissolve at pH
value 6.8 or above, were designed to disintegrate and release drug in the jejunum to ileum. The pellets coated with
HPMC, which dissolves in water at any pH value, were designed to disintegrate and release drug in the stomach.
Finally, the heart-protecting musk sustained-release capsules (HPMSRC) with a pH-dependent gradient-release
pattern were prepared by encapsulating the above three kinds of coated pellets at a certain ratio in hard gelatin
capsule. The results of dissolution of borneol (one of the active compounds of the TCMCR) in vitro demonstrated that
the coating load and the pH value of the dissolution medium had little effect on the release rate of borneol from pellets
coated with hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), but had a significant effect on the release rate of borneol from
pellets coated with Eudragit L30D-55 or Eudragit L100-Eudragit S100 combinations in the ratio of 1:5. The pellets
coated with Eudragit L30D-55 at 30% (w/w) coating load or above had little drug release in 0.1 mol/L HCl for 3 hr and
started to release drug at pH value over 5.5. The pellets coated with Eudragit L100-Eudragit S100 combinations in the
ratio of 1:5 at 36% (w/w) coating load or higher had little drug release in 0.1 mol/L HCl for 3 hr and in phosphate buffer
of pH value 6.6 for 2 hr, and started to release drug at pH value 6.8 or above. The release profiles of lipophilic bornoel
and hydrophilic total ginsenoside from HPMSRC, consisting of three kinds of pellets respectively coated at a certain
ratio with HPMC, Eudragit L30D-55, and Eudragit L100-Eudragit S100 in the ratio of 1:5, showed a characteristic of
pH-dependent gradient release under the simulated gastrointestinal pH conditions and no significant difference
between them. The results indicated that various components with extremely different physicochemical properties in
the pH-dependent gradient-release delivery system of TCMCR could release synchronously while sustained-releasing.
This complies with the organic whole concept of compound compatibility of TCMCR.
~0 Citings
3598. Bioactive polysaccharides from traditional Chinese medicine herbs as anticancer adjuvants
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By Chang Raymond
Database: MEDLINE
PURPOSE OF STUDY: To review the nature, extent, bioactivities, and clinical application of polysaccharides in
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) especially as adjuvants in cancer treatment. METHODOLOGY: Literature review.
FINDINGS: Many fungal- and plant-derived bioactive polysaccharides with a broad range of immunomodulatory
activities are found in TCM. Some such polysaccharides have been developed into drugs and show clinical efficacy in
controlled trials while the majority of such compounds remain as nutraceuticals with only preliminary research. Such
polysaccharides are generally nontoxic and possess other bioactivities such as inducing differentiation, stimulating
hematopoiesis, antimetastasis, and antiangiogenesis, which make them ideal adjuvants in modern cancer therapy.
CONCLUSION: Bioactive polysaccharides occur extensively in TCM herbs and are the basis of potentially useful
application of TCM as an adjuvant in cancer therapies.
~2 Citings
3599. Protective effects of trilinolein extracted from panax notoginseng against cardiovascular disease
By Chan Paul; Thomas G Neil; Tomlinson Brian
Trilinolein is a triacylglycerol purified from a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine Panax notoginseng.
Trilinolein has been reported to provide a number of beneficial effects including reducing thrombogenicity and
arrhythmias and increasing erythrocyte deformability. Additionally, trilinolein has been reported to be an antioxidant,
which can counteract free radical damage associated with atherogenesis, and myocardial damage seen with
ischaemia and reperfusion. These pharmacologic effects may explain the perceived benefits derived from treating
circulatory disorders with the herb over the centuries.
~4 Citings
3600. Pharmacological actions of tetrandrine in inflammatory pulmonary diseases
By Xie Qiang-Min; Tang Hui-Fang; Chen Ji-Qiang; Bian Ru-Lian
Tetrandrine is a principle from a traditional Chinese medicine of the root of Stephania tetrandra S Moore approved by
State Drugs Administration of China as a new drug for the treatment of silicosis. Except for its antiinflammatory,
antifibrogenetic, immunomodulating effects and antioxidant effects, tetrandrine presents antiallergic effects, inhibitory
effects on pulmonary vessels and airway smooth muscle contraction, and platelet aggregation via its nonspecific
calcium channel antagonism that suggested its potential in the treatment of asthma, pulmonary hypertension and
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In general, the clinical results to date with tetrandrine in asthma and
pulmonary hypertension have been exciting. The last 10 years have witnessed great leaps forward in our
understanding of the molecular biology and biochemistry of chronic inflammatory diseases as well as the treatment
drugs, which may create opportunities for future therapeutic innovation, development of tetrandrine derivatives or new
extracts from other Chinese medicine. The current article briefly reviews the basic and clinical pharmacology of
tetrandrine as well as the in vitro and in vivo data supporting the view that tetrandrine is as a novel drug for the
treatment of silicosis, asthma and pulmonary hypertension.
~0 Citings
3601. Cardiovascular pharmacological effects of bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid derivatives
By Qian Jia-Qing
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Tetrandrine, dauricine, daurisoline and neferine are bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid derivatives isolated from Chinese
traditional medicine and herbs. The cardiovascular pharmacological effects and the mechanism of actions of these
compounds were reviewed. Tetrandrine isolated from Stephania tetrandra S Moore possesses antihypertensive and
antiarrhythmic effects. The antihypertensive effects of tetrandrine have been demonstrated in experimental
hypertensive animals and in hypertensive patients. Recent studies showed that in addition to its calcium antagonistic
effect, tetrandrine interacted with M receptors. Modulation by M receptor is one of the pharmacological mechanisms of
cardiovascular effects of tetrandrine. Dauricine and daurisoloine were isolated from Menispermum dauricum DC. The
antiarrhythmic effects of dauricine have been verified in different experimental arrhythmic models and in cardiac
arrhythmic patients. Dauricine blocked the cardiac transmembrane Na+,K+ and Ca2+ ion currents. Differing from
quinidine and sotalol, which exhibited reverse use-dependent effect, dauricine prolonged APD in a normal usedependent manner in experimental studies. The antiarrhythmic effect of daurisoline and neferine which is an alkaloid
isolated from Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn, and their mechanisms of actions have also been studied. The antiarrhythmic
effect of daurisoline is more potent than that of dauricine.
~0 Citings
3602. The role of alternative medicine in treating postnatal depression
By Mantle Fiona
Postnatal depression is a serious and debilitating condition. Due to the perceived stigma of mental illness, the
incidence of it is underreported and many mothers refuse psychiatric help either assuming postnatal depression to be
normal or because of the potential consequences of having a psychiatric history. Community practitioners who are in
contact with new mothers may welcome additional interventions which can enhance the supportive care they give to
these women. This article discusses the evidence for a number of these interventions which mothers may find more
acceptable than orthodox treatment. The aim of this article is to highlight the possible role of a number of
complementary and alternative medicines as adjuncts or alternative treatments for postnatal depression. The
interventions discussed in this article include Ayurvedic medicine, herbalism, homeopathy, aromatherapy, massage,
hypnosis and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). With the exception of TCM and Ayurvedic medicine, these
interventions have been supported by the House of Lord's Select Committee on Science and Technology (2000) as
having an evidence base. Ayurvedic medicine and TCM have been included in this article however, because a number
of clients may be using them as their main system of health care--thereby validating the need for information regarding
their efficacy. This article is not exhaustive, nor a licence to practice, but is intended as a resource for practitioners
with a sound understanding of postnatal depression and conventional treatments whose clients may reject these
approaches and be looking for alternative interventions. The final choice of treatment should be the result of
discussion between the health visitor and the client and will depend on considerations such as availability, cost and
acceptability of the intervention--this article does not, therefore, suggest a 'best option' approach. In addition, it does
not address the professional and legal responsibilities of practitioners since these have been well reviewed by Darley
(1995), Mantle (1997), Knape (1998) and Rankin-Box (2001).
~0 Citings
3603. Culture and complementary therapies
By Engebretson Joan
Complementary therapies are becoming increasingly popular in cultures dominated by biomedicine. Modalities are
often extracted from various healing systems and cultural contexts and integrated into health care, expanding the focus
from treatment of disease to the promotion of health. The cultural aspects of biomedicine are presented and compared
and contrasted with other healing systems. Three healing systems; traditional Chinese medicine, Yoga, with roots in
Ayurvedic medicine and Shamanic healing illustrate these fundamental differences in approaches to healing. A
reverse example of isolating one healing intervention from biomedicine and interpreting it through other cultural lenses
is presented. Implications are drawn for practice and research.
~1 Citing
3604. Regulation of complementary medicine practitioners in Australia: Chinese medicine as a case example
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By Carlton A L; Bensoussan A
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) forms a significant part of the health economy. CAM practices are
under increased scrutiny from consumers, clinicians, scientists and regulators. Australian authorities have explored a
range of regulatory approaches. This paper outlines initiatives to regulate the practice of CAM in Australia and
examines relevant issues with a particular focus on the registration of Chinese medicine practitioners in the State of
Victoria.
~0 Citings
3605. Regulation of complementary/alternative medicine: a Canadian perspective
By Boon H
Increased use of complementary/alternative medicine (CAM) therapies by Canadians combined with increasingly
forceful lobbying from both practitioner groups and the public have made the regulation of CAM practitioners an
important issue for Canadian policy makers. A variety of challenges (including regulatory structures that are difficult to
change, fear of adding costs to an already under-funded healthcare system and the lack of internal cohesion of some
CAM practitioner groups) are currently hindering attempts to implement new policy. However, an environment of
health regulation review and renewal as well as public support for regulation may have created a window of opportunity
for investigating policy options. Currently in Canada, health care providers are regulated by individual provinces. This
means that although some CAM practitioners are either regulated (e.g. chiropractors) or not regulated (e.g. herbalists,
homeopaths) in all provinces; others (e.g. naturopathic practitioners, acupuncture/TCM practitioners) are regulated in
some provinces, but not others. Harmonization of regulations and scopes of practice for CAM practitioners across
Canada is one of the biggest future challenges.
~3 Citings
3606. Complementary and alternative medicine for menopausal symptoms: a review of randomized, controlled trials
By Kronenberg Fredi; Fugh-Berman Adriane
From Annals of internal medicine (2002), 137(10), 805-13, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
BACKGROUND: Women commonly use soy products, herbs, and other complementary and alternative medicine
(CAM) therapies for menopausal symptoms. Randomized, controlled trials have evaluated the efficacy and short-term
safety of these therapies. PURPOSE: To review randomized, controlled trials of CAM therapies for menopausal
symptoms in order to better inform practice and guide future research. DATA SOURCES: Searches of MEDLINE for
articles published from January 1966 through March 2002, of the Alternative and Complementary Database (AMED) of
the British Library for articles published from January 1985 through December 2000, and of the authors' own extensive
files. Search terms were hot flash/flush, menopause, and climacteric, combined with phytoestrogens, alternative
medicine, herbal medicine, traditional medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM ), Ayurveda, naturopathy,
chiropractic, osteopathy, massage, yoga, relaxation therapy, homeopathy, aromatherapy, and therapeutic touch.
STUDY SELECTION: 29 randomized, controlled clinical trials of CAM therapies for hot flashes and other menopausal
symptoms were identified; of these, 12 dealt with soy or soy extracts, 10 with herbs, and 7 with other CAM therapies.
DATA EXTRACTION: Each author extracted information from half of the studies on the number of patients, study
design, outcome measures, and results; the other author then checked these results. DATA SYNTHESIS: Soy seems
to have modest benefit for hot flashes, but studies are not conclusive. Isoflavone preparations seem to be less
effective than soy foods. Black cohosh may be effective for menopausal symptoms, especially hot flashes, but the lack
of adequate long-term safety data (mainly on estrogenic stimulation of the breast or endometrium) precludes
recommending long-term use. Single clinical trials have found that dong quai, evening primrose oil, a Chinese herb
mixture, vitamin E, and acupuncture do not affect hot flashes; two trials have shown that red clover has no benefit for
treating hot flashes. CONCLUSIONS: Black cohosh and foods that contain phytoestrogens show promise for the
treatment of menopausal symptoms. Clinical trials do not support the use of other herbs or CAM therapies. Long-term
safety data on individual isoflavones or isoflavone concentrates are not available.
~22 Citings
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3607. Myopia: attempts to arrest progression
By Saw S M; Gazzard G; Au Eong K-G; Tan D T H
From The British journal of ophthalmology (2002), 86(11), 1306-11, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Previous studies have evaluated the efficacy of several interventions to decrease the progression of myopia. These
include devices that alter the perception of the visual environment and pharmacological treatments. There is no
conclusive evidence thus far that alteration of the pattern of spectacle wear, bifocals, ocular hypotensives, or contact
lenses retards the progression of myopia. Several randomised clinical trials have demonstrated that the rate of
progression of myopia is lower in children given atropine eye drops than those given placebo. However, atropine is
associated with short term side effects such as photophobia and possible long term adverse events including light
induced retinal damage and cataract formation. Other more selective antimuscarinic agents such as pirenzipine are
presently being evaluated. Further well conducted randomised clinical trials with large sample sizes and adequate
follow up designed to evaluate treatments to retard the progression of myopia should be conducted, since the
identification of an effective intervention may have a greater public health impact on the burden and morbidity from
myopia than the few treatments currently available.
~4 Citings
3608. Traditional Chinese herbal medicine and anaesthesia
By Kam P C A; Liew S
From Anaesthesia (2002), 57(11), 1083-9, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
An increasing number of people in the western world are using traditional Chinese herbal medicines. There are
concerns that these Chinese medicines may contain potentially toxic ingredients and contaminants such as heavy
metals. Undeclared conventional western drugs such as the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and antihistamine drugs,
steroids and oral hypoglycaemic agents are frequently added to Chinese herbal medicines. The constituents of the
herbal products can cause adverse effects. The anaesthetist should be aware of the potential adverse effects of the
herbal products, their contaminants and also of undeclared additives. The potential for drug interactions, coagulopathy
and organ dysfunction caused by traditional Chinese herbal medicines has important anaesthetic implications.
~0 Citings
3609. Progress of intervention of renal interstitial fibrosis with Chinese traditional herbal medicine
By Wei Lian-Bo; Ma Zhi-Gang; Ye Ren-Gao; Chen Bao-Tian; Zhan Sheng-Cai; Huang Huang
From Di 1 jun yi da xue xue bao = Academic journal of the first medical college of PLA (2002), 22(10), 946-8,
Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
This article reviews the current status of progress in the research of renal interstitial fibrosis therapy using traditional
Chinese herbal medicine, which exerts its therapeutic effect through inhibiting cytokine expression and fibroblast
proliferation, inducing apoptosis of the renal myofibroblasts and other mechanisms.
~0 Citings
3610. A body-mind-spirit model in health: an Eastern approach
By Chan C; Ho P S; Chow E
From Social work in health care (2001), 34(3-4), 261-82, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
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Under the division of labor of Western medicine, the medical physician treats the body of patients, the social worker
attends to their emotions and social relations, while the pastoral counselor provides spiritual guidance. Body, mind,
cognition, emotion and spirituality are seen as discrete entities. In striking contrast, Eastern philosophies of Buddhism,
Taoism and traditional Chinese medicine adopt a holistic conceptualization of an individual and his or her environment.
In this view, health is perceived as a harmonious equilibrium that exists between the interplay of 'yin' and 'yang': the
five internal elements (metal, wood, water, fire and earth), the six environmental conditions (dry, wet, hot, cold, wind
and flame), other external sources of harm (physical injury, insect bites, poison, overeat and overwork), and the seven
emotions (joy, sorrow, anger, worry, panic, anxiety and fear). The authors have adopted a body-mind-spirit integrated
model of intervention to promote the health of their Chinese clients. Indeed, research results on these body-mind-spirit
groups for cancer patients, bereaved wives and divorced women have shown very positive intervention outcomes.
There are significant improvements in their physical health, mental health, sense of control and social support.
~3 Citings
3611. What's in a name? A systematic review of the nomenclature of Chinese medical formulae
By Park Jongbae; Park Hi-Joon; Lee Hye-Jung; Emst Edzard
From The American journal of Chinese medicine (2002), 30(2-3), 419-27, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been modified to some extent in other Far Eastern countries such as Korea
and Japan. Researchers of each of the three countries seem to use different English names for the same Chinese
medicinal formulae. Lack of knowledge of the Chinese characters is destined to increase this confusion. In order to
investigate this matter systematically, all investigations of Chinese medicine formulae published in the American
Journal of Chinese Medicine (AJCM, 1997-March 2001) were evaluated. Moreover, PubMed (1966-June 2001) was
searched using keywords differentiated by language, location and number of hyphens, and upper-or lower-case of the
first letter of the English equivalent of each Chinese character. Fifty-four formulae of TCM were identified in 45 reports
published in AJCM. Thirty-two were named in Chinese only (23 reports); six in Japanese (six reports); and five in
Korean (five reports). Ten formulae were named in Japanese with the Chinese name in brackets (ten reports); and
one in Chinese with the Japanese name in brackets (one report). By computerized literature search, different numbers
of research papers were retrieved by using keywords differentiated by language, location and number of hyphens.
Such confusion may prevent progress in the evaluation of TCM. To increase the efficiency of studies on Chinese
medical formulae, standardization of terminology is required.
~0 Citings
3612. Stroke therapy in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM): prospects for drug discovery and development
By Gong X; Sucher N J
From Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology (2002), 9(5), 478-84, Language:
English, Database: MEDLINE
Brain injuries resulting from stroke are a major and increasing public health problem in both developed and developing
countries worldwide. China's extensive experience in the use of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) in stroke
therapy indicates that TCM preparations are effective, with few or no side-effects. There are more than 100 traditional
medicines in use for stroke therapy in China. Some of their therapeutic effects in stroke have been confirmed by
recent clinical studies. A large number of compounds have been isolated from TCMs and most of these resources
have not yet been characterized for pharmacological purposes. Here, this article explains how TCM provides an
extensive and knowledge-rich foundation for implementing a strategically focused pharmacological research program
aimed at the development of new drugs.
~1 Citing
3613. Chinese herbal medicines
By Ergil Kevin V; Kramer Elizabeth J; Ng Anthony T
From The Western journal of medicine (2002), 176(4), 275-9, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
~0 Citings
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3614. Application of X-ray diffraction to the analysis of traditional Chinese medicine
By Wang G; Tian J; Lin R
24(7), 387-9, 416, 445, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE
OBJECTIVE: To approach the application of powder Xray diffraction in analysis of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).
METHOD: Studying the references published in recent years and making a summary on the subject of application of
Xray in the pharmaceutical analysis of TCM. RESULT: This method is effective in identifying and analyzing TCM.
CONCLUSION: This technique may have broad prospects for pharmaceutical analysis.
~0 Citings
3615. Acupuncture for cancer patients: why not?
By Samuels Noah
From Harefuah (2002), 141(7), 608-10, 666, Language: Hebrew, Database: MEDLINE
Acupuncture is a complementary medical treatment whose use in cancer patients has been recommended by the
American Cancer Society (ACS) for the treatment of cancer and treatment-related symptoms. Pain, nausea,
breathlessness, vasomotor symptoms and limb edema have all been found to respond to this treatment modality.
Accordingly to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), acupuncture "disperses" the stagnation of energy which is thought
to cause the tumor to form. As such, many acupuncturists are unwilling to treat cancer patients for fear of "dispersing"
the tumor, as well as further compromising patients' immunity with this immunosuppressive treatment modality.
Though it is true that care should be taken not to insert acupuncture needles in the vicinity of the tumor, there is no
reason to fear "dispersal" of the tumor when using distant points, since this concept is one of TCM and not
conventional medicine. In addition, the immunomodulatory effects of acupuncture, both via the release of pituitary
beta-endorphin and ACTH, as well as alleviating patient stress through relief of symptoms, are anti-carcinogenic. The
medical establishment in Israel should consider recommending acupuncture for cancer patients.
~1 Citing
3616. Acupuncture: a physician's primer, Part I
By Altshuler Laurence H; Maher James H
From The Journal of the Oklahoma State Medical Association (2002), 95(8), 527-33, Language: English, Database:
MEDLINE
Acupuncture is one of the alternative therapies that is quickly gaining popularity and acceptance among both patients
and doctors. The NIH has supported its use for many conditions, alone or as adjunctive therapy to conventional
methods. Research has now demonstrated several physiological mechanisms to explain acupuncture's benefits.
However, there are many different schools of acupuncture, and methodology and techniques vary widely, all
contributing to the success or failure of acupuncture treatment. With proper use, acupuncture can be an effective
treatment for a variety of medical conditions, but used incorrectly, it can be a waste of time and resources.
~0 Citings
3617. Chinese medicine for pregnancy and childbirth
By Wilkowski R
From Midwifery today with international midwife (2001), (58), 39-41, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
~1 Citing
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3618. Acupuncture and electroacupuncture for the treatment of RA
By Casimiro L; Brosseau L; Milne S; Robinson V; Wells G; Tugwell P
MEDLINE
BACKGROUND: Acupuncture has been used by rehabilitation specialists as an adjunct therapy for the symptomatic
treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medicine where thin needles are inserted
in specific documented points believed to represent concentration of body energies. In some cases a small electrical
impulse is added to the needles. Once the needles are inserted in some of the appropriate points, endorphins,
morphine-like substances, have been shown to be released in the patient's system, thus inducing local or generalised
analgesia. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of acupuncture or electroacupuncture on the objective and
subjective measures of disease activity in patients with RA. SEARCH STRATEGY: A comprehensive search was
done up to September 2001 with MEDLINE, EMBASE, PEDro, Current Contents, Sports Discus and CINAHL. The
Cochrane Field of Rehabilitation and Related Therapies and the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Review Group were also
contacted for a search of their specialized registers. Handsearching was conducted on all retrieved papers and
content experts were contacted to identify additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: Comparative controlled
studies, such as randomized controlled trials and control clinical trials in patients with RA were eligible. No language
restrictions were applied. Abstracts were accepted. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two independent
reviewers identified potential articles from the literature search. These reviewers extracted data using pre-defined
extraction forms. Consensus was reached on all the extracted data. Quality was assessed by two reviewers using a
five (5) point validated tool that measured the quality of randomization, double-blinding and description of withdrawals.
MAIN RESULTS: Two studies (n=84) met the inclusion criteria. One used acupuncture (~~David 1999~~) while the
other used electroacupuncture (~~Man 1974~~). In the first study using acupuncture, no significant difference was
found between groups for to erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), the visual analogue scale
for pain (VAS P), the visual analogue scale for patient's global assessment (VAS G), the number of swollen joints, the
number of tender joints, to the general health questionnaire (GHQ), the score on the modified disease activity scale
(DAS) or in the decrease in analgesic intake. In the second study, using electroacupuncture, a significant decrease in
knee pain was reported in the experimental group, 24 hours post treatment, when compared to the placebo group
(weighted mean difference of -2.0 with 95% CI -3.6,-4.0). REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Although the results of the
~~Man 1974~~ study show that electroacupuncture may be beneficial to reduce symptomatic knee pain in patients
with RA 24 hours post treatment, the reviewers concluded that the poor quality of the trial, including the small sample
size proclude its recommendation. The reviewers further conclude that acupuncture has no effect on ESR, CRP, pain,
patient's global assessment, number of swollen joints, number of tender joints, general health, disease activity and
reduction of analgesics. These conclusions are limited by methodological considerations such as the type of
acupuncture (acupuncture vs electroacupuncture), the site of intervention, the low number of clinical trials and the
small sample size of the included studies.
~0 Citings
3619. Natural and hemisynthetic neoclerodane diterpenoids from scutellaria and their antifeedant activity
By Bruno Maurizio; Piozzi Franco; Rosselli Sergio
From Natural product reports (2002), 19(3), 357-78, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
The genus Scutellaria (Labiatae) is a very rich source of neoclerodane diterpenoids, with interesting structural features.
These secondary metabolites show several biological properties, the most important being the antifeedant activity
against pest insects. The present review reports on natural and hemisynthetic diterpenoids and their antifeedant
activity.
~1 Citing
3620. Advances in TCM symptomatology of rheumatoid arthritis
By Li Shao
Database: MEDLINE
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3621. Acupuncture as complementary therapy for back pain
By Smith-Fassler M E; Lopez-Bushnell K
From Holistic nursing practice (2001), 15(3), 35-44, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Back pain affects more than 9 million people in the United States and accounts for 25% of disability in all work-related
injuries. It has a lifetime prevalence of 60%-90% and it costs more than $50 billion annually to manage back pain. The
incidence of back pain in nurses is over 80% and accounts for more than 150 million working days per year being lost.
Western treatment of back pain is controversial and often ineffective. Acupuncture as a therapeutic intervention is
practiced widely in the United States. Research has demonstrated that acupuncture may benefit those who suffer from
back pain when they have failed to respond to previous treatment by drugs, bed rest, epidural injection, physiotherapy,
osteopathy, chiropractics, and surgery. Acupuncture is a powerful and complementary therapy for back pain.
~0 Citings
3622. Odontogenic myxomas in the Hong Kong Chinese: clinico-radiological presentation and systematic review
By MacDonald-Jankowski D S; Yeung R; Lee K M; Li T K L
From Dento maxillo facial radiology (2002), 31(2), 71-83, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the clinical and radiological presentation on plain films of central
odontogenic myxomas (OM) in the Hong Kong Chinese and compare them to other reported series by a systematic
review (SR). METHODS: The study had two elements, that of a complete series of all OMs presenting at a major
Chinese maxillofacial surgical unit and a SR. The files of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the
University of Hong Kong between 1989 and 2000 were reviewed for OM cases. The relevant literature was identified
by electronic databases, review of citation lists and handsearching of key journals. The principal selection criterion
was that the study should represent a complete collection of cases. RESULTS: The SR revealed that only a quarter of
the reports provided any quantitative radiological details. Just under half of the included reports provided the relative
period prevalence of OMs compared to other odontogenic tumours, but these reports almost completely excluded
consideration not only of the radiology but also specific clinical details. Furthermore, they did not report of recurrence
data, an important feature of the OM. Most of the most recent reports were concerned with relative period prevalence.
The relative period prevalence and 'number of OMs per hospital per year' of studies separated by two or more decades
in Hong Kong and Nigeria indicate an increase in the number of lesions diagnosed as OMs. The 10 Hong Kong cases
were broadly consistent with the predilections for females and the mandible of other reports. The mean age at first
presentation in the present report is 36.9, older than the other reports. Most lesions are large, affecting both posterior
and anterior quadrants. They appear to be larger than those in many other reports. Two of the OMs are accompanied
by histories of recent rapid growth. Tooth displacement and root resorption are more frequently observed in OMs in
the present study. Although all OMs in the present study are still being followed up after surgery, none have recurred.
CONCLUSION: Although the presentation of larger lesions in the older Chinese could in part be explained by attitudes
rooted in traditional medicine in spite of the widespread availability of modern medical care in Hong Kong, there is a
history of recent rapid growth in at least two cases. An emphasis by recent reports on the OMs' relative period
prevalence of concurrent odontogenic lesions, has omitted recording the radiology and the specific clinical details
usually required for diagnosis.,
~0 Citings
3623. A survey of researches on synergy and toxicity abatement of traditional Chinese medicine in radiotherapy of
nasopharyngeal carcinoma
By Liu C; Liu L; Li P
Database: MEDLINE
~0 Citings
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3624. Recent advances in antineoplastic principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine
By Tang W
From Die Pharmazie (2002), 57(4), 223-32, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
~0 Citings
3625. Hepatitis associated with Chinese herbs
By McRae C A; Agarwal K; Mutimer D; Bassendine M F
From European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology (2002), 14(5), 559-62, Language: English, Database:
MEDLINE
Traditional Chinese herbal medicines are widely available in Western society and are popular as a form of 'natural'
alternative medicine. Their use is increasing, as they are perceived to be free of side effects, but they remain largely
unregulated. We describe two patients who suffered severe hepatitis, one of whom died, after taking Chinese herbal
remedies for minor complaints. We also review the English-language literature on hepatitis associated with Chinese
herbs. Two products appear to be implicated frequently: Jin bu huan was taken by 11 patients, and Dictamnus
dasycarpus was taken by six patients, including both fatal cases. It is difficult to provide conclusive evidence of what
caused hepatitis, as these products are mixtures that may contain adulterants. These cases highlight not only the
potential dangers of these products to consumers but also the need for greater control of their manufacture and use.
~0 Citings
3626. Advances in experimental studies on treatment of psoriasis by traditional Chinese medicine
By Zhang Hongru; Qu Xing
Database: MEDLINE
Traditional Chinese medicine has demonstrated its strength in treating psoriasis, which is characterized by a variety of
methods of treatment, flexible use of drugs, high efficacy, low recurrence, and few side-effects. Experimental studies
on the mechanism governing the TCM treatment of psoriasis have been conducted at the cellular level and the
molecular level. The studies on proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes and the inhibitory effect against them,
apoptosis, intercellular adhesion molecules, cytokine, and haemorheology indicate that the laboratory studies on the
treatment of psoriasis have now entered a very high stage since the eighties. The studies on relationship between
typing of psoriasis based on TCM differentiation of symptoms and signs and changes in some laboratory indexes have
been carried out by some researchers to explore the inherent pathological changes in typing of psoriasis based on
TCM differentiation of symptoms and signs and to provide scientific basis for the differentiation and typing under a
unified standard. However, the present studies lack depth and scope in the methods. In future, the laboratory studies
should be enhanced to go further into the principles governing the TCM treatment of psoriasis and to seek new drugs
that will be even more effective for psoriasis and can bring its relapse under control.
~0 Citings
3627. Structural chemistry and biological activities of natural products from Chinese herbal medicines--part II
By Yu D Q; Chen Y; Liang X T
From Research communications in molecular pathology and pharmacology (2000), 108(5-6), 393-436, Language:
~0 Citings
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3628. Eastern and Western paradigms: the holistic nature of traditional Chinese medicine
By Griffiths V
From The Australian journal of holistic nursing (1999), 6(2), 35-8, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
This paper discusses the practice of holism based upon differing Eastern and Western worldview belief systems. The
practice of authentic holistic healing and caring is, according to the author, highly dependent upon which paradigm(s)
the nurse lives within, given the constraints of modern Western science and its linear thinking, theoretical laws and
objectivity towards the practice of healing and health care. From a Traditional Chinese Medicine perspective, healing
and health are based upon circular thinking, observation, subjectivity and feeling, which reflects a differing holistic
approach to human beings.
~1 Citing
3629. Toxic heavy metals and undeclared drugs in Asian herbal medicines
By Ernst Edzard
Asian herbal medicines are currently used by large sections of the population. Because they are not regulated as
medicines and are freely available to everyone, serious safety concerns might be associated with these herbal
medicines. In this article, evidence suggesting that some Asian herbal medicines contain toxic heavy metals or
undeclared prescription drugs is reviewed. In particular, Indian and Chinese preparations have been implicated.
Although adulteration with drugs is by definition fraudulent, the inclusion of heavy metals could be either intentional for
alleged medicinal purposes or accidental. Evidence from various countries implies that toxic heavy metals and
undeclared prescription drugs in Asian herbal medicines might constitute a serious health problem. However, the
majority of the data is anecdotal and insufficient to define prevalence figures. Ways ought to be found to maximize
consumer safety.
~16 Citings
3630. Moxibustion for breech presentation
By Budd S
Breech presentation at term is considered a possible obstetric complication, and the management before and during
labour remains controversial. A technique called 'moxibustion' is used in traditional Chinese medicine to encourage
version of the fetus in breech presentation. It has been used in the maternity unit in Plymouth for 11 years. The
results would seem to suggest it may have a positive effect and play a part in reducing the number of breech
presentations at term and therefore also a reduction in the number of caesarean sections which are so often advocated
in breech presentation. This article describes the technique in greater detail and discusses the potential for the future.
~0 Citings
3631. Is there a place for auricular therapy in the realm of nursing?
By Suen L K; Wong T K; Leung A W
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Several theories, such as the 'homuncular reflex theory' 'delta reflex theory', and 'meridian theory' point to the fact that
the ear is related to all parts of the human body and internal organs. Being one of the approaches in traditional
Chinese medicine, auricular therapy is a therapeutic method by which specific points on the auricle are punctured or
pressed. Auricular therapy can activate meridians and collaterals, regulate the Qi and blood, help to achieve the
balance between Yin and Yang status of internal organs, and is therefore suitable for treating many disorders of the
body. Successful examples of previous studies using this therapy including insomnia, weight reduction, hypertension,
treatment of addiction, and pain reduction. However, inconsistency in the treatment protocol among studies, or the use
of combined therapies, makes it impossible to draw a strong causal relationship between this therapy and the
treatment effect. More appropriate clinical trials are therefore necessary to understand in depth the therapeutic effect
of auricular therapy. Ideally, these trials can take place in the context of nursing practice so as to explore the
application of this therapy in the realm of nursing, and to enable nurses to make a more effective contribution to
primary health care.
~0 Citings
3632. An analysis of 10218 ulcerative colitis cases in China
By Jiang Xue-Liang; Cui Hui-Fei
AIM: To analyze the characteristics of ulcerative colitis(UC) in China. METHODS: From 1981 to 2000, a total of
10218 patients of UC reported in Chinese medical literature and including our cases diagnosed were analyzed
according to the diagnostic criteria of Lennard-Jones. RESULTS: The number of cases increased by 3.08 times over
the past 10 years (2506 patients were diagnosed from 1981 to 1990 while 7512 patients were diagnosed from 1991 to
2000). Lesion range were described in 7966 patients, 5592 (70.20%) were proctosigmoiditis or proctitis, 1792(22.50%)
left-sided colitis, 582(7.30%) pancolitis. Among the 8122 patients, 2826 (34.8%) had first episode, 4272 (52.6%) had
chronic relapse, 869 (10.7%) were of chronic persist type, 154 (1.9%) were of acute fulminant type. The course of the
illness were described in 5867 patients, 4427(75.5%) were less than 5 years, 910 (15.5%) between 5 and 10 years,530
(9.1%) more than 10 years. Six hundred and sixteen patients 618 patients(6.1%) had extraintestinal manifestations.
The mean age at the diagnosis was 40.7 years( range 6-80 years, and the peak ages 30-49 years). The male to
female ratio was 1.09. Among 270 patients diagnosed in our hospital,36 had histories of smoking, there was no
negative association between the severity of UC and smoking(P>0.05), 21 smokers were followed up for one year, 15
of them had given up smoking when the disease were diagnosed, and one year later, 7 patients relapsed, another 6
patients continued smoking, and one year later,2 patients relapsed. Among 270 UC patients diagnosed in our hospital,
4 patients(1.48%) from 2 families had familial history of UC. Treatment was mentioned in 6859 patients, only 5-ASA
and/or corticosteroid only in 1276 patients(18.6%), only Chinese herbs in 1377 patients(20.1%), combined Chinese
and western medicine in 4056 patients(59.1%), surgery was performed in 87 patients(1.3%),other treatments in 63
patients(0.9%). CONCLUSIONS: In China, number of UC patients increased significantly in the past 10 years.
Lesions are commonly located to left side colon. The course is short with rare extraintestinal manifestations. The age
of onset is relatively high. Males and females are nearly equally affected. No negative relation was found between
smoking and severity of the disease. Familial relatives are rarely involved Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is
widely used in the treatment of UC.
~7 Citings
3633. Analytical approaches for traditional chinese medicines exhibiting antineoplastic activity
By Tsai T H
From Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications (2001), 764(1-2), 27-48, Language: English,
Database: MEDLINE
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Traditional Chinese medicines have attracted great interest in recent researchers as alternative antineoplastic
therapies. This review focuses on analytical approaches to various aspects of the antineoplastic ingredients of
traditional Chinese medicines. Emphasis will be put on the processes of biological sample extraction, separation,
clean-up steps and the detection. The problems of the extraction solvent selection and different types of column
chromatography are also discussed. The instruments considered are gas chromatography, capillary electrophoresis
(CE) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) connected with various detectors (ultraviolet, fluorescence,
electrochemistry, mass, etc.). In addition, determinations of antineoplastic herbal ingredients, including camptothecin,
taxol (paclitaxel), vinblastine. vincristine, podophyllotoxin, colchicine, and their related compounds, such as irinotecan,
SN-38, topotecan, 9-aminocamptothecin, docetaxel (taxotere) and etoposide, are briefly summarized. These drugs are
structurally based on the herbal ingredients, and some of them are in trials for clinical use. Evaluation of potential
antineoplastic herbal ingredients, such as harringtonine, berberine, emodin, genistein, berbamine, daphnoretin, and
irisquinone, are currently investigated in laboratories. Other folk medicines are excluded from this paper because their
antineoplastic ingredients are unknown.
~0 Citings
3634. Summarization of studies on Chinese marine medicinal animal Syngnthus acus
By Li C; Zou G; Bian H; Ju X
Syngnthus acus L. is a kind of very important traditional Chinese-medicine from sea. It has plentiful amino acid,
protein, trace element, poly-carbon non-saturation fat acid, etc. Syngnthus acus has sexual-hormones-like, anti-cancer
and resisting fatigue effects; It can resist fatigue. It can also improve organism immunity and enhance the systolic
strength of heart muscle. It can be widely used in many fields such as food field, medical field and aquatic products
industry. Its classification, resources, chemical composition and its medical value have been summarized in this
article.
~0 Citings
3635. Traditional Chinese medicine
By Nestler Gary
From The Medical clinics of North America (2002), 86(1), 63-73, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
According to an article by Wald in the November 2000 issue of Strategic Healthcare Marketing, through physician
education, integrated medicine shall continue to be adopted by conventional medical establishments in the United
States. With many leading medical schools now adding courses on alternative medicine and hospital administrators
recognizing this growing trend, responding to the patients' needs and demands remains paramount. According to a
study of 3200 physicians conducted by Health Products Research, physicians expect to offer and embrace therapeutic
alternatives outside of the traditional pharmaceutical realm. Greater than 50% will begin or increase using alternative
medicine in the next 12 months. Physicians also believe that patient acceptance is greater for alternative therapies,
resulting in therapeutic compliance. Most physicians continue to be skeptical about certain treatments, citing a lack of
clinical information. With these factors understood, more clinical research to be completed in a teaching hospital
environment becomes paramount.
~5 Citings
3636. Progress of study of experimental diabetes and its chronic complications treated by traditional Chinese medicine
By He Z; Nan H; Nan Z
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3637. Progress in the study of the effect of Chinese herbal medicine on apoptosis
By Wang C; Huang X; Qi M
~0 Citings
3638. Can liver tolerate chinese medicinal herbs?
By Enkovaara A L
From Duodecim; laaketieteellinen aikakauskirja (2000), 116(4), 344-8, Language: Finnish, Database: MEDLINE
~0 Citings
3639. Endothelin and study of Chinese traditional medicine
By Jiang W; Su Y; Zhang W
~0 Citings
3640. Treatment of post-operational restenosis of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with traditional
Chinese medicine
By Zhang Y; Xia X; Su J
~0 Citings
3641. Current status and prospects of experimental study of psychological stress in traditional Chinese medicine
By Yan C; Wang J; Deng Z
~0 Citings
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3642. Current status of researches on essence of typing of hypertension based on syndrome differentiation of traditional
Chinese medicine
By Yan D; Jiang W; Chen X
~0 Citings
3643. Vascular endothelial cell injury and blood-stasis syndrome
By Li X; Jiang P
~0 Citings
3644. Herbal treatment of insomnia
By Wing Y K
From Hong Kong medical journal = Xianggang yi xue za zhi / Hong Kong Academy of Medicine (2001), 7(4), 392-402,
Insomnia is a common problem requiring appropriate recognition and management. Despite recent advances in the
development of newer hypnotics in western medicine, a significant proportion of patients with insomnia, both locally
and internationally, consume herbal hypnotics regularly. The safety and efficacy of these herbal remedies remains
uncertain. In this paper, details of different herbs used in western and traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of
insomnia are reviewed. Although current data suggests the use of some herbal treatments in insomnia may be
efficacious, further laboratory and clinical studies are required.
~0 Citings
3645. The medicinal action of androgens and green tea epigallocatechin gallate
By Liao S
From Hong Kong medical journal = Xianggang yi xue za zhi / Hong Kong Academy of Medicine (2001), 7(4), 369-74,
Unorthodox (non-traditional or alternative) medicinal practices have been expanding very rapidly in western countries.
Modern physicians, scientists, and non-traditional medicine practitioners now must join forces to promote evidencebased medicine to benefit patients. Green tea extracts are among the most widely used ancient medicinal agents,
while androgens are probably the oldest drugs used in a purified form in traditional Chinese medicine. It is now clear
that a specific green tea catechin, (-)epigallocatechin-3-gallate, can modulate the production and biological actions of
androgens and other hormones. Modulation of androgenic activity and administration of (-)epigallocatechin-3-gallate
may be useful for the treatment of various hormone-related abnormalities, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia,
baldness, and acne, as well as androgen-dependent and -independent prostate cancers. (-)Epigallocatechin-3-gallate
has also been shown to modulate appetite and control obesity in animals.
~1 Citing
3646. Retrospect on the research of the cultivation of Gastrodia elata Bl, a rare traditional Chinese medicine
By Xu J; Guo S
From Chinese medical journal (2000), 113(8), 686-92, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
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PURPOSE: To review the research on the cultivation of Gastrodia elata Bl, a rare traditional Chinese medicine. DATA
SOURCES: The data come from our previous research and published review articles on G. elata cultivation. STUDY
SELECTION: After reviewing the research results on G. elata from 1960 to 1995, we selected the core research on G.
elata and a complete cultivation technique of rare traditional Chinese medicine G. elata. DATA EXTRACTION: Some
important data were arranged in different tables, and new cultivation methods were reviewed. RESULTS: A. mellea
has been found to have inhibiting effects on G. elata seed germination. The seeds are able to sprout only when a
nutritional relationship exists between G. elata and a fungus of the same genus as M. osmundicola. The sprouted
tubers have to set up a symbiotic relationship with A. mellea during their clone propagation period so as to grow
normally. CONCLUSIONS: G. elata has to symbiosize with M. osmundicola and A. mellea so as to complete its life
cycle from seed to seed. These findings have revealed the secret of the life cycle of G. elata that has been puzzling
biological circles for years.
~1 Citing
3647. Establishing evidence for Chinese medicine: a case example of irritable bowel syndrome
By Bensoussan A
From Zhonghua yi xue za zhi = Chinese medical journal; Free China ed (2001), 64(9), 487-92, Language: English,
Database: MEDLINE
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is now used by a broad cross-section of the western community. It offers some
attraction because it provides new options for treatment, an individualized approach, and potentially avoidance of
harsh drugs or surgery. However, despite this growing popularity there is debate as to its evidence base. Few TCM
trials have been performed in the West, and previous Chinese TCM trials have been perceived to lack methodological
rigour. Establishing and applying stronger clinical trial methodologies in TCM is imperative for its integration with
modern medicine and achieving the end goal of creating options for patient care. A clinical trial was designed using a
variety of approaches to promote methodological rigour whilst allowing the flexibility required in TCM practice. Irritable
bowel syndrome (IBS) was selected as the disease focus, creating the possibility of tailoring TCM treatments to the
variable clinical presentations of IBS. Patients were randomised to receive individually tailored treatment (n = 38), a
standard Chinese herbal formulation (n = 43), or placebo (n = 35) for 16 weeks. Patients, gastroenterologists and
herbalists were all blinded as to treatment group. Both standard and individualized treatments were significantly more
effective than the placebo treatment on all key outcome measures. However, this study failed to confirm the added
value of tailoring treatments. Chinese herbal formulations individually tailored to the patient proved no more effective
than the standard treatment on all measures. Nevertheless, the trial demonstrates it is possible to test individualization
of treatment whilst adhering to conventional trial protocols. Clinical trials can be designed that accommodate nuances
of TCM practice. This study also shows Chinese herbal medicine may offer assistance to some patients with IBS and
may prove as effective as current pharmaceutical approaches. Further validation of TCM interventions is required.
~0 Citings
3648. Chromatographic analysis of Fritillaria isosteroidal alkaloids, the active ingredients of Beimu, the antitussive
traditional Chinese medicinal herb
By Lin G; Li P; Li S L; Chan S W
From Journal of chromatography. A (2001), 935(1-2), 321-38, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Bulbus Fritillariae derived from plants of various Fritillaria species is the most commonly used antitussive traditional
Chinese medicinal herb and is called Beimu. Herbs derived from similar and/or different species of Fritillaria are also
used in Japan and Turkey as traditional or folk medicines. Isosteroidal alkaloids are the main bioactive ingredients in
Fritillaria species. As the contents and structure types of these bioactive alkaloids vary in different Fritillaria species,
quality control of these active principles in herbal Beimu is very important to ensure its safe and effective clinical use.
This review describes the development of chromatographic analyses for the simultaneous qualitative and quantitative
determination of the main bioactive Fritillaria isosteroidal alkaloids in herbal and biological samples. The recently
developed direct HPLC-evaporative light scattering detection method is the most simple, selective and sensitive assay,
and is readily used as a suitable quality control method for the analysis of the active principles of herbal Beimu.
~2 Citings
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3649. Aphrodisiacs past and present: a historical review
By Sandroni P
From Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society (2001), 11(5), 303-7,
The drug Viagra (sildenafil) has drawn public attention to aphrodisiacs. The search for such substances dates back
millennia. Aphrodisiacs can be classified by their mode of action into 3 types: those that increase (1) libido, (2)
potency, or (3) sexual pleasure. Various substances of animal and plant origin have been used in folk medicines of
different cultures; some have been identified pharmacologically, allowing for understanding of their mechanisms of
action. For increasing libido, ambrein, a major constituent of Ambra grisea, is used in Arab countries. This tricyclic
triterpene alcohol increases the concentration of several anterior pituitary hormones and serum testosterone. Bufo
toad skin and glands contain bufotenine (and other bufadienolides), a putative hallucinogenic congener of serotonin. It
is the active ingredient in West Indian "love stone" and the Chinese medication chan su. The aphrodisiac properties
are likely of central origin, as are the other effects of the drug. For increasing potency, Panax ginseng used in
traditional Chinese medicine, works as an antioxidant by enhancing nitric oxide synthesis in the endothelium of many
organs, including the corpora cavernosa; ginsenosides also enhance acetylcholine-induced and transmural nerve
stimulation-activated relaxation associated with increased tissue cyclic guanosine monophosphate, hence the
aphrodisiac properties. For increasing sexual pleasure, cantharidin ("Spanish fly") is a chemical with vesicant
properties derived from blister beetles, which have been used for millennia as a sexual stimulant. Its mode of action is
by inhibition of phosphodiesterase and protein phosphatase activity and stimulation of beta-receptors, inducing
vascular congestion and inflammation. Morbidity from its abuse is significant. The ingestion of live beetles (Palembus
dermestoides) in Southeast Asia and triatomids in Mexico may have a basis similar to cantharidin. It is of paramount
importance for the physician to be aware of the options available to help his or her patients, and to advise them in
using the correct drugs while avoiding "miracle" remedies that could be potentially harmful.
~1 Citing
3650. Chinese medicinal herbs for chronic hepatitis B
By Liu J P; McIntosh H; Lin H
MEDLINE
BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus infection is a serious health problem worldwide. Traditional Chinese medicinal
herbs have been widely used to treat chronic liver diseases, and many controlled trials have been done to investigate
their efficacy. OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs for chronic
hepatitis B infection. SEARCH STRATEGY: Searches were applied to the following electronic databases: the CHBG
Trials Register, the Cochrane Complementary Medicine Field Trials Register, the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE,
EMBASE and BIOSIS. Five Chinese journals and conference proceedings were handsearched. No language
restriction was used. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised or quasi-randomised trials with at least three months
follow-up. Trials of Chinese medicinal herbs (single or compound) compared with placebo, no intervention, general
non-specific treatment or interferon treatment were included. Trials of Chinese medicinal herbs plus interferon versus
interferon alone were also included. Trials could be double-blind, single-blind or not blinded. DATA COLLECTION
AND ANALYSIS: Data were extracted independently by two reviewers. The methodological quality of trials was
evaluated using the Jadad-scale plus allocation concealment. Intention-to-treat analyses were performed. MAIN
RESULTS: Nine randomised trials, including 936 patients, met the inclusion criteria. Methodological quality was
considered adequate in only one trial. There was a significant funnel plot asymmetry (regression coefficient=3.37,
standard error 1.40, P=0.047). Ten different medicinal herbs were tested in the nine trials. Compared to non-specific
treatment or placebo, Fuzheng Jiedu Tang (compound of herbs) showed significantly positive effects on clearance of
serum HBsAg, HBeAg, and HBV DNA; Polyporus umbellatus polysaccharide on serum HBeAg and HBV DNA;
Phyllanthus amarus on serum HBeAg. Phyllanthus compound and kurorinone showed no significant effect on
clearance of serum HBeAg and HBV DNA and on alanine aminotransferase normalisation compared to interferon
treatment. There were no significant effects of the other examined herbs. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Some
Chinese medicinal herbs may work in chronic hepatitis B. However, the evidence is too weak to recommend any
single herb. Rigorously designed, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials are required.
~1 Citing
3651. Heavy metals in traditional Chinese medicines: a systematic review
By Ernst E; Thompson Coon J
From Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics (2001), 70(6), 497-504, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
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~8 Citings
3652. Current studies on anti-endotoxic chemical components of traditional Chinese medicine in China
By Liu Y H; Liu Y F; Guo X X
Endotoxin (ET) was found to have wide bioactivities and ET antagonists have become the pop research topic in life
science. The chemical components of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) were the substance basis of its
pharmacology. This review demonstrated the study state of about 18 chemical components from TCM, eg, organic
acids of Radix Isatidis, anisodamine, matrine, tetramethypyrazine, colchicine, and glycine, etc, which showed antiendotoxin effects through different routes. But now the most of them were limited to the laboratory. In the future, the
trends of development should not only enlarge the range of research, but also strengthen the clinical study.
~0 Citings
3653. Cardiac toxicity of resibufogenin: electrophysiological evidence
By Xie J T; Dey L; Wu J A; Lowell T K; Yuan C S
Resibufogenin (RBG) is a single compound isolated from Chansu, a traditional Chinese medicine obtained from the
skin venom gland of the toad. Formulations of Chansu have been widely applied in China, Japan, and other Asian
countries for a long time and are currently used as alternative medicines. However, there have been several reports
about the toxicity of Chansu and its medical formulations in the United States recently. As digitalis, RBG possesses
both pharmacologic and toxicologic effects. According to our study results, RBG, one of major ingredient of Chansu,
induced delayed afterdepolarization and triggered arrhythmias both in cardiac fiber in vitro and in beating heart in vivo
at the high concentrations. The electrophysiologic toxic effects of RBG, the possible mechanism of toxicity, and
treatment possibilities are discussed in the present review
~0 Citings
3654. The location of deficiency syndrome of kidney Yang
By Shen Z
~0 Citings
3655. Hemostasis and thrombosis research in China
By Ruan C
PURPOSE: To highlight the development and achievements of hemostasis and thrombosis research in China over the
past 50 years. DATA SOURCES: Both Chinese and English language literature search using MEDLINE (1990-1998),
and original articles published in the main Chinese and international journals. STUDY SELECTION: After reviewing all
the main articles on thrombosis and hemostasis, 20 of them were selected that specifically addressed the stated
purpose. DATE EXTRATION: The content that could present the progress in hemostasis and thrombosis in China was
selected. RESULTS: Monoclonal antibodies have widely been used in basic research and laboratory diagnosis.
Several novel gene mutations of coagulation factors have been identified. Some drugs of traditional Chinese medicine
have proved to be efficient in treatment of thrombotic diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Significant achievements in basic,
clinical and pharmacological research in the field of hemostasis and thrombosis have been made in China in the past
50 years. Some new discoveries in platelet membrane glycoproteins and coagulation factors research are believed to
be contributions to the international scientific community. However, a specific effort using advanced techniques should
be made for future development, especially in molecular biology research.
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3656. Application of traditional Chinese medicine in space medical research
By Shi H Z
From Hang tian yi xue yu yi xue gong cheng = Space medicine & medical engineering (2001), 14(1), 75-8, Language:
With the development of space medicine, traditional Chinese medicine and Chinese herbs have been widely used in
counteracting motion sickness, bone loss, muscle atrophy, and circulation system disorder, improving body's
adaptability and protecting the effect of irradiation, hypoxia and noise. This paper summarized the application of basic
theories of traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese herbs, acupoint treatment and Qigong in space medical research.
~0 Citings
3657. Natural medicine and nutritional therapy as an alternative treatment in systemic lupus erythematosus
By Patavino T; Brady D M
From Alternative medicine review : a journal of clinical therapeutic (2001), 6(5), 460-71, Language: English, Database:
MEDLINE
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disorder without a known cure. Conventional
medicine typically approaches the disease with a treatment plan that includes the use of corticosteroids, non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), antimalarial drugs, and chemotherapeutic agents. The results vary and safety is
questionable. Conservative treatment methods, such as the use of vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids, have been
shown to have an impact on the activity of the disease. Alternative medicine treatments, including the use of
dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and Chinese medicines, such as Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TwHF), have gained a
growing interest recently and may prove to be viable treatment options in the future. The elimination of possible
associated factors, such as food allergens and SLE-symptom eliciting foods like alfalfa seeds, have also been shown
to affect disease activity. Conservative alternative medicine approaches have been shown to provide some benefit in
SLE studies; however, the evidence is limited, and the overall effectiveness and long-term safety have not been
established. More research must be conducted in this area to further establish firm treatment protocols which provide
maximum therapeutic benefit and minimum treatment-related side effects.
~0 Citings
3658. Triptolide, a novel immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory agent purified from a Chinese herb Tripterygium
wilfordii Hook F
By Chen B J
From Leukemia & lymphoma (2001), 42(3), 253-65, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Triptolide is a diterpenoid triepoxide purified from a Chinese herb Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook F (TWHF). TWHF has
been used in traditional Chinese medicine for more than two thousand years. However, its potential value was
recognized by the western medicine only after investigators observed the effectiveness of TWHF in the treatment of
leprosy and rheumatoid arthritis. Triptolide has been identified as the major component responsible for the
immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects of TWHF. Triptolide inhibits both Ca(2+)-dependent and Ca(2+)independent pathways and affects T cell activation through inhibition of interleukin-2 transcription at a site different
from the target of cyclosporin A. Triptolide also has inhibitory effects on a variety of proinflammatory cytokines and
mediators and on the expression of adhesion molecules by endothelial cells. Triptolide is effective for the treatment of
a variety of autoimmune diseases and in prevention of allograft rejection and graft-versus-host disease in both animals
and humans. Moreover, triptolide possesses antitumor and male anti-fertility effect. However, the toxicities of triptolide
may be associated with renal, cardiac, hematopoietic and reproductive systems. Currently available data suggest that
triptolide is a promising immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory agent and should be explored further in
autoimmune diseases and transplantation.
~12 Citings
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3659. Dyspeptic pain and phytotherapy--a review of traditional and modern herbal drugs
By Saller R; Iten F; Reichling J
From Forschende Komplementarmedizin und klassische Naturheilkunde = Research in complementary and natural
classical medicine (2001), 8(5), 263-73, Language: German, Database: MEDLINE
Gastrointestinal complaints rank among the most frequently reasons why people asking for medical advice. About 1530% of the adult patients suffer from different various functional dyspeptic conditions. The therapy of functional
gastrointestinal disorders is one of the domains of phytotherapeutic treatments. From ancient times on, bitter herbal
drugs played a very important role in the therapy of patients with dyspeptic symptoms. The mechanisms of action of
the bitters are not completely understood. But there are indications that they sensorially stimulate at even very small
concentrations sensorially the secretion of the stomach as well as the digestive glands and strengthen the smooth
musculature of the digestive tract (via the gustatory system, N. vagus and the enteric nervous system). Across the
enteral nervous system the strengthened digestive tract seems to stimulate the CNS, leading to a general tonification.
At higher dosages bitters probably directly affect the mucous membranes of the stomach and the bowel. Bitters often
are combined with essential oils (some volatile oils as aromatic bitters, drug combinations of a volatile oil with a bitter).
Essential oils act primarily as spasmolytics, carminatives and local anesthetics. In the last years several controlled
studies were carried out with phytotherapeutic combinations (e.g. with Iberis amara, caraway oil, peppermint oil,
curcuma extract, ginger extract) in which the herbal drugs proved to be superior compared to placebo and were as
effective as prokinetics (studies according to evidence-based medicine). The traditional phytotherapeutic approach is
based upon the illness- as well as the patient-related investigations referring to the effectiveness of bitter, acrid- and
essential-oil drugs. Such a treatment is supported by a rich amount of various of kinds of individual empirical
experience (experience-based phytotherapy). Important traditional medical systems like the Traditional Chinese
Medicine, the Ayurvedic Medicine as well as the European 'Humoral Medicine' consider different aspects of the sick
human being, like the constitution of the patient (holistic approach), and take qualities of herbal drugs, vegetarian food,
and spices into account for therapeutic purposes.
~0 Citings
3660. Cardiovascular actions of berberine
By Lau C W; Yao X Q; Chen Z Y; Ko W H; Huang Y
From Cardiovascular drug reviews (2001), 19(3), 234-44, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Berberine, is an alkaloid from Hydrastis canadensis L., Chinese herb Huanglian, and many other plants. It is widely
used in traditional Chinese medicine as an antimicrobial in the treatment of dysentery and infectious diarrhea. This
manuscript describes cardiovascular effects of berberine and its derivatives, tetrahydroberberine and 8-oxoberberine.
Berberine has positive inotropic, negative chronotropic, antiarrhythmic, and vasodilator properties. Both derivatives of
berberine have antiarrhythmic activity. Some cardiovascular effects of berberine and its derivatives are attributed to
the blockade of K+ channels (delayed rectifier and K(ATP)) and stimulation of Na+ -Ca(2+) exchanger. Berberine has
been shown to prolong the duration of ventricular action potential. Its vasodilator activity has been attributed to
multiple cellular mechanisms. The cardiovascular effects of berberine suggest its possible clinical usefulness in the
treatment of arrhythmias and/or heart failure.
~7 Citings
3661. Traditional Chinese medicine
By Nestler G; Dovey M
From Clinical obstetrics and gynecology (2001), 44(4), 801-13, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
~2 Citings
3662. Applications of high performance capillary electrophoresis in constituents analysis of Chinese traditional medicine
By Wei W; Wang Y M; Luo G A
From Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica (1997), 32(6), 476-80, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE
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~0 Citings
3663. Chinese values, health and nursing
By Chen Y C
From Journal of advanced nursing (2001), 36(2), 270-3, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
PURPOSE: To describe the roots of Chinese values, beliefs and the concept of health, and to illustrate how these
ways have influenced the development of health care and nursing among Chinese in the Republic of China (ROC) and
the People's Republic of China (PRC). Scope. Based on the literature and direct observation in the PRC and ROC,
this is an introduction to Chinese philosophies, religion, basic beliefs, and values with a special meaning for health and
nursing. Chinese philosophies and religion include Confucian principles, Taoism, theory of "Yin" and "Yang", and
Buddhism. Beliefs and values include the way of education, practice of acupuncture, herbal treatments and diet
therapy. How people value traditional Chinese medicine in combination with western science, and the future direction
of nursing and nursing inquiry are also briefly addressed. CONCLUSION: Chinese philosophies and religions strongly
influence the Chinese way of living and thinking about health and health care. Nurses must combine information about
culture with clinical assessment of the patient to provide cultural sensitive care. A better way may be to combine both
western and Chinese values into the Chinese health care system by negotiating between the traditional values while at
the same time, respecting an individual's choice. The foundation of China's philosophical and aesthetic tradition, in
combination with western science is important to the future advancement of nursing research that will be beneficial to
the Republics, Asia, and the world.
~6 Citings
3664. Between metaphor and certainty: teaching an introductory course in complementary medicine
By Ben-Arye E; Frenkel M
From Harefuah (2001), 140(9), 855-9, 893, Language: Hebrew, Database: MEDLINE
In recent years it has been recognized that it is increasingly important to teach complementary medicine (CAM) in
medical schools, residency programs and CME courses. We report our experience in teaching an elective introductory
course in CAM to residents and specialists in the department of family medicine in the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of
Medicine at the Technion, Haifa, Israel. Teaching four modules in CAM (herbal medicine, traditional Chinese
medicine, homeopathy and nutritional medicine) during a 16-session course induced a positive change in the students
attitude toward CAM and increased their interest in evidence-based CAM. In addition, the students increased their use
of CAM for both themselves and their families, decreased their overall tendency to refer patients to CAM practitioners
but increased their actual referral rate for patients who were considered to benefit from complementary treatment. The
majority of the course participants considered teaching physicians CAM to be of great importance.
~0 Citings
3665. Epilepsy in Chinese culture
By Lee T M; Yang S H; Ng P K
This article reviewed the meaning and development of epilepsy in Chinese culture. The theories of Yin and Yang and
the five elements, fundamentals of traditional Chinese medicine, were introduced, which form the context of
understanding of the etiology, classification, and treatment of epilepsy in traditional Chinese medicine.
~0 Citings
3666. Efficacy, safety, and use of ginkgo biloba in clinical and preclinical applications
By McKenna D J; Jones K; Hughes K
From Alternative therapies in health and medicine (2001), 7(5), 70-86, 88-90, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
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Ginkgo biloba is a dioecious tree with a history of use in traditional Chinese medicine. Although the seeds are most
commonly employed in traditional Chinese medicine, in recent years standardized extracts of the leaves have been
widely sold as a phytomedicine in Europe and as a dietary supplement in the United States. The primary active
constituents of the leaves include flavonoid glycosides and unique diterpenes known as ginkgolides; the latter are
potent inhibitors of platelet activating factor. Clinical studies have shown that ginkgo extracts exhibit therapeutic
activity in a variety of disorders including Alzheimer's disease, failing memory, age-related dementias, poor cerebral
and ocular blood flow, congestive symptoms of premenstrual syndrome, and the prevention of altitude sickness. Due
in part to its potent antioxidant properties and ability to enhance peripheral and cerebral circulation, ginkgo's primary
application lies in the treatment of cerebrovascular dysfunctions and peripheral vascular disorders.
~2 Citings
3667. Herbs of activating blood circulation to remove blood stasis
By Liao F
From Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation (2000), 23(2-4), 127-31, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Drugs with the efficacy of modifying rheological properties of blood, blood vessels and their interactions are denoted by
"hemorheologicals". Drugs of anti-hyperviscosemia, anti-coagulants, anti-platelet drugs, anti-thrombotics, vasodilators,
endothelial cell protectors and anti-arthrosclerosis should be considered as hemorheologicals due to the actions in
keeping blood fluidity and in maintaining normal vascular functions. The studies in hemorheology indicate that a
tendency of hyperviscosity, hypercoagulation and being prone to thrombosis is prevalent in the elderly.
Hemorheologicals are importance for and aging and life-threatening diseases. Blood stasis syndrome is a common
pathological syndrome in the elderly. In traditional Chinese medicine, the treatment for the syndrome is by herbs which
activates blood circulation to remove blood stasis. The herbs have the efficacy of improving hemorheological events.
Therefore, the herbs are the source for developing hemorheologicals. Ligustrazine isolated from Chuangxiong is an
example. It showed significant inhibition on shear induced platelet aggregation and on platelet intracellular calcium
demonstrated by laser confocal microscope.
~0 Citings
3668. Review article: herbal treatment in gastrointestinal and liver disease--benefits and dangers
By Langmead L; Rampton D S
From Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics (2001), 15(9), 1239-52, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Herbal medicines are now used by up to 50% of the Western population, in a substantial minority of instances for the
treatment or prevention of digestive disorders. Although most indications for the use of such remedies are anecdotally
or traditionally derived, controlled trials suggest some benefits for ginger in nausea and vomiting, liquorice extracts in
peptic ulceration, Chinese herbal medicine in irritable bowel syndrome, opium derivatives in diarrhoea and senna,
ispaghula and sterculia in constipation. Herbal preparations contain many bioactive compounds with potentially
deleterious as well as beneficial effects. There is clearly a need for greater education of patients and doctors about
herbal therapy, for legislation to control the quality of herbal preparations, and in particular for further randomized
controlled trials to establish the value and safety of such preparations in digestive and other disorders.
~2 Citings
3669. Integration of Chinese medicine into supportive cancer care: a modern role for an ancient tradition
By Wong R; Sagar C M; Sagar S M
From Cancer treatment reviews (2001), 27(4), 235-46, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Recent evidence suggests that many traditional Chinese medical therapies are effective for the supportive care of
cancer patients. This is a review of some of the published literature (indexed in Medline) and our own practical
experience. It is not intended to be a systematic review, but does provide various levels of evidence which support
further research into a developing model of integrative care. The holistic approach of Traditional Chinese Medicine
(TCM) may be integrated into conventional Western Medicine to supplement deficiencies in the current biomedical
model. The philosophy of TCM proposes novel hypotheses which will support the development of a science-based
holistic medicine.
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~2 Citings
3670. A brief introduction to researches on treatment of hormone-dependent asthma with traditional Chinese medicine
By Cui H; Wu W
Database: MEDLINE
~0 Citings
3671. Progress in the treatment of hypertension-induced left ventricular hypertrophy with Chinese traditional medicine
By Jiang W; Tang Z
~0 Citings
3672. Progress in the treatment of epilepsy in children with traditional Chinese medicine
By Zhang H; Wang L
~0 Citings
3673. Current status of study on asthma treated with traditional Chinese medicine combined with Western medicine
By Wang L; Liu H; Liu J
~0 Citings
3674. T-lymphocyte immune status of children with recurrent respiratory tract infection and progress in its treatment with
traditional Chinese and western medicine
By Liu L; Li M; Qian R
~0 Citings
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3675. Factors related to utilization of traditional Chinese medicine in Taiwan
By Chou P
From Zhonghua yi xue za zhi = Chinese medical journal; Free China ed (2001), 64(4), 191-202, Language: English,
Database: MEDLINE
Complementary and alternative medicine use is increasing worldwide. Expenses for complementary and alternative
medicines are high, while the effectiveness of such medicines is still in debate. This paper reviewed the utilization of
complementary and alternative medicines. Complementary and alternative therapies are used frequently and
increasingly. Alternative therapies were used often for chronic conditions, including back problems, anxiety,
depression and headaches in the United States. Musculoskeletal and respiratory complaints were the most frequent
causes for complementary and alternative medicine consultation in Israel. In Taiwan, a systematic series of studies on
factors related to utilization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) were conducted, including: (1) factors related to the
choice of medical service (single or dual approach); (2) factors related to the choice of clinic type between TCM and
western medicine among patients with single approach and among patients with dual approach; (3) factors related to
patient choice of institute providing TCM (between TCM department in teaching hospital and regular TCM clinic)
among patients using TCM only; and (4) knowledge, attitude and behavioral intention regarding TCM among patients
using TCM only and among community residents over 30 years old. The findings of the above studies are summarized
and presented accordingly.
~1 Citing
3676. Oriental medicine: an introduction
By Ehling D
This article covers introductory concepts regarding Oriental medicine, its historical context, yin and yang principles, and
Five-Phase theory. It discusses organ theory, patient examination, diagnosis, the meridian network system, and
treatment modalities such as acupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine, giving a brief overview of the different
acupuncture and Oriental medical styles practiced in the United States. Included also are helpful tables, graphs, and
photographs to provide a better visual context for Oriental medicine.
~1 Citing
3677. The roots of ancient medicine: an historical outline
By Subbarayappa B V
From Journal of biosciences (2001), 26(2), 135-43, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
~1 Citing
3678. Herbal and complementary and alternative medicine therapies for liver disease. A focus on Chinese traditional
medicine in hepatitis C virus
By Cohen M R
From Clinics in liver disease (2001), 5(2), 461-78, vii, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
This article presents herbal and alternative therapies used in the treatment of liver disease, both as adjunctive or
complementary treatment to Western pharmaceutical strategies, and as an alternative treatment in liver disease,
particularly for Hepatitis C Virus. There is a special emphasis on traditional Chinese herbal medicine.
~3 Citings
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3679. Natural therapies for ocular disorders, part two: cataracts and glaucoma
By Head K A
MEDLINE
Pathophysiological mechanisms of cataract formation include deficient glutathione levels contributing to a faulty
antioxidant defense system within the lens of the eye. Nutrients to increase glutathione levels and activity include
lipoic acid, vitamins E and C, and selenium. Cataract patients also tend to be deficient in vitamin A and the carotenes,
lutein and zeaxanthin. The B vitamin riboflavin appears to play an essential role as a precursor to flavin adenine
dinucleotide (FAD), a co-factor for glutathione reductase activity. Other nutrients and botanicals, which may benefit
cataract patients or help prevent cataracts, include pantethine, folic acid, melatonin, and bilberry. Diabetic cataracts
are caused by an elevation of polyols within the lens of the eye catalyzed by the enzyme aldose reductase.
Flavonoids, particularly quercetin and its derivatives, are potent inhibitors of aldose reductase. Glaucoma is
characterized by increased intraocular pressure (IOP) in some but not all cases. Some patients with glaucoma have
normal IOP but poor circulation, resulting in damage to the optic nerve. Faulty glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis or
breakdown in the trabecular meshwork associated with aqueous outflow has also been implicated. Similar to patients
with cataracts, those with glaucoma typically have compromised antioxidant defense systems as well. Nutrients that
can impact GAGs such as vitamin C and glucosamine sulfate may hold promise for glaucoma treatment. Vitamin C in
high doses has been found to lower IOP via its osmotic effect. Other nutrients holding some potential benefit for
glaucoma include lipoic acid, vitamin B12, magnesium, and melatonin. Botanicals may offer some therapeutic
potential. Ginkgo biloba increases circulation to the optic nerve; forskolin (an extract from Coleus forskohlii) has been
used successfully as a topical agent to lower IOP; and intramuscular injections of Salvia miltiorrhiza have shown
benefit in improving visual acuity and peripheral vision in people with glaucoma.
~7 Citings
3680. Nonenzymatically glycosylated proteins and diabetic neuropathy: current status of traditional Chinese medicine
therapy
By Zhang K; Liang X
~0 Citings
3681. Current status of the study on the integration of traditional Chinese medicine with Western medicine in the
treatment of arteriosclerosis obliterans
By Chen P; Shang D
~0 Citings
3682. Withered Yang: a review of traditional Chinese medical treatment of male infertility and erectile dysfunction
By Crimmel A S; Conner C S; Monga M
From Journal of andrology (2001), 22(2), 173-82, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
~1 Citing
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3683. Ping wei san, a Chinese medicine for gastrointestinal disorders
By Riedlinger J E; Tan P W; Lu W
From The Annals of pharmacotherapy (2001), 35(2), 228-35, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
OBJECTIVE: To describe the dilemma that American pharmacists face when their patient uses a traditional Chinese
herbal formula. Ping wei san (PWS), an agent used to treat gastrointestinal disorders, is used to illustrate the
problems encountered and to identify resources on Chinese herbal medicines available to pharmacists. DATA
SYNTHESIS: In the US, Chinese herbal medicine is making its way into mainstream Western medicine. Patients may
discover PWS in their search for a substitute for cisapride, which was partially withdrawn from the US market in July
2000. The pharmacist may be called on to assist in the management of patients who wish to use PWS for treatment of
common gastrointestinal disorders like gastritis, esophageal reflux, gastric or duodenal ulcers, and acute or chronic
enteritis. As with most other Chinese herbal formulas, English-language literature about PWS is limited and is often
difficult to interpret. Pharmacists who are unfamiliar with the basic principles and terminology used in traditional
Chinese medical practices will need to identify sources of information about this complementary alternative practice to
be able to provide pharmaceutical care for patients taking a Chinese herbal formula like PWS. CONCLUSIONS: To
develop a pharmaceutical care plan for patients using a Chinese herbal medicine therapy such as PWS, the
pharmacist will need to become familiar with traditional Chinese medical practices and terminology describing
indications, therapeutic effects, and risks. Fortunately, resources are available to pharmacists who need assistance in
interpreting information on Chinese herbal therapies so that they can appropriately manage patients using them.
~1 Citing
3684. Chronotherapy in traditional Chinese medicine
By Samuels N
The circadian rhythm of illness has been emphasized for thousands of years in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM),
using this knowledge to schedule therapies such as acupuncture during appropriate hours of the day. This paper
reviews the time periods (two hour segments) that apply to each organ system according to TCM (lungs, large
intestine, stomach, heart, kidneys and liver), and elaborates on how recent medical research has found similar relevant
biorhythms in these very same organ systems.
~0 Citings
3685. Systemic therapy of atopic dermatitis
By Sidbury R; Hanifin J M
From Clinical and experimental dermatology (2000), 25(7), 559-66, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory skin disease. Topical therapy is the mainstay, but patients with
widespread moderate to severe atopic dermatitis may require systemic therapy. Immunosuppressants, immune
response modifiers, antihistamines and antibiotics are among the classes of systemic medications frequently used to
treat extensive atopic dermatitis; the indications and scientific support for the use of these and other less commonly
used medications will be reviewed in this article.
~0 Citings
3686. Research and future trends in the pharmaceutical development of medicinal herbs from Chinese medicine
By Lee K H
From Public health nutrition (2000), 3(4A), 515-22, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
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Issues concerning the past and future development of medicinal herbs from Chinese medicine (CM) are addressed in
this paper. In the Western world, medicinal herbs are becoming increasingly popular and important in the public and
scientific communities. In contrast to their regulated status in China and other countries, herbal medicines are
regarded as dietary supplements in the US. Accordingly, research must continue worldwide to identify and improve the
efficacy of the active principals of herbs both singly and in combination -- from active ingredients, active fractions, and
active herbal formulations. While Western medicine currently employs pure, single compounds, either natural or
synthetic, CM has long used multiple combinations of compounds in the form of processed natural products, primarily
medicinal herbs, to treat and relieve the symptoms of many different human diseases. CM may have fewer and less
severe side effects than single pure drugs, making CM especially attractive to the consumer. In effect, CM's focus on
combination therapy does serve both ancient and modern theories. However, research using modern analytical and
chemical techniques is needed to ensure efficacy and safety, to provide qualitative and quantitative analyses for
dietary supplements, and to develop new, effective and safe world-class drugs. Drug design is an iterative process.
Bioactivity-directed fractionation and isolation identify active natural compounds from single herbs or formulations.
These lead structures can be chemically modified and improved through knowledge of structure--activity relationship,
mechanism of action, drug metabolism, molecular modelling and combinatorial chemistry studies. Finally, efficacy and
toxicity determination as well as clinical trials can contribute to the generation of new drugs from CM. To continue the
legacy of CM, as well as the worldwide uses of other medicinal herbs, continued investigation of active formulations,
bioactive fractions, and isolated compounds is critical to drug development in the 21st century.
~3 Citings
3687. A drug over the millennia: pharmacognosy, chemistry, and pharmacology of licorice
By Shibata S
From Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan (2000), 120(10), 849-62, Language: English,
Database: MEDLINE
Licorice, the root of Glycyrrhiza spp. (Fabaceae), has been used since ancient Egyptian, Greek, and Roman times in
the West and since the Former Han era (the 2nd-3rd century B.C.) in ancient China in the East. In traditional Chinese
medicine, licorice is one of the most frequently used drugs. In Japan, the oldest specimen of licorice introduced from
China in the middle of the 8th century still exists in Shosoin, the Imperial Storehouse, in Nara. Extracts of licorice were
recommended as a remedy for gastric ulcer by Revers of the Netherlands in 1946, which was soon withdrawn owing to
its side effects. Carbenoxolon sodium, glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) hemisuccinate Na, was prepared from licorice to treat
peptic ulcer in the UK. In Japan for the past 60 years, a glycyrrhizin (GL) preparation under the name of Stronger NeoMinophagen C (SNMC) has been used clinically as an antiallergic and antihepatitis agent. GL and GA sometimes
induce edema, hypertension, and hypokalemia in patients treated with higher doses and long-term administration. The
mechanism of this side effect, pseudoaldosteronism, has been explained as due to the 11-hydroxy-steroid
dehydrogenase inhibitory activity of GL and GA. The excess of endogenous cortisol produced combines with the renal
mineral corticoid receptor, which promotes an aldosterone-like action. GL and GA reduce alanine transaminase (ALT)
and aspartate transaminase (AST) values in the serum. This hepatoprotective effect has recently been explained as
the inhibitory effects of GL and GA on immune-mediated cytotoxicity against hepatocytes and on nuclear factor (NF)kappa B, which activates genes encoding inflammatory cytokines in the liver. To exclude the side effects and enhance
the therapeutic activities, chemical modification of GL and GA has been performed. Deoxoglycyrrhetol (DG), homoand heteroannular diene homologs of dihemiphthalates, showed a remarkable improvement in antiinflammatory,
antiallergic, and antiulcer activities in animal experiments. Immunomodulating effects of GL, GA, and DG derivatives,
which induce interferon-gamma and some other cytokines, have been demonstrated in relation with their antiviral
activities. Antiinflammatory, antitumorigenic, and antimalarial effects of licorice flavonoids have also been investigated.
~12 Citings
3688. Nil nocere! Phytotherapy causing nephropathy
By Kakuk G
From Orvosi hetilap (2000), 141(47), 2555-8, Language: Hungarian, Database: MEDLINE
The summary draws attention to the nephropathy caused by "Chinese tea", with all its attendant risks that lead to
organ damage. Available data from the literature describe more than 100 women who, at various times, underwent
long-term slimming courses by taking two types of Chinese tea containing tablets, namely, Stefania tetranda and
Magnolia officinalis. The nephropathy is characterized by severe anemia, tubular proteinuria, histologically chronic
ischaemic, interstitial nephritis, accelerated decline in kidney function, and epithelial cell dysplasia of the urinary tract,
with consequent inclination towards malignant transformation. The clinical and histological picture resembles that of
the Balkan nephropathy. Apart from all these a proportion of the patients may develop aorta insufficiency. The author
emphasises the hazards in one of the branches of alternative medicine, fitotherapy, and their prevention.
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3689. Medicinal plants in China containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids
By Roeder E
From Die Pharmazie (2000), 55(10), 711-26, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Medicinal plants and remedies are widely used for various ailments throughout the world. Many of these plants contain
pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) which are hepatotoxic, pneumotoxic, genotoxic, neurotoxic, and cytotoxic. As a result of
their use in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), medicinal plants are becoming increasingly important not only in
China but also in many other countries. This paper will therefore give, a critical overview of PA-containing plants
belonging mainly to the families Boraginaceae, Leguminosae (Tribus Crotalarieae), and Asteraceae (Tribus
Senecioneae and Eupatorieae). The PAs contained in the 38 plants described here differ widely in their structure and
toxicity. Their metabolism and the resulting toxicity will be discussed, the dehydroalkaloids (DHAlk) produced in the
liver playing a key role in cases of intoxications.
~2 Citings
3690. Herbal medicines for asthma: a systematic review
By Huntley A; Ernst E
From Thorax (2000), 55(11), 925-9, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
BACKGROUND: Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases in modern society and there is increasing
evidence to suggest that its incidence and severity are increasing. There is a high prevalence of usage of
complementary medicine for asthma. Herbal preparations have been cited as the third most popular complementary
treatment modality by British asthma sufferers. This study was undertaken to determine if there is any evidence for the
clinical efficacy of herbal preparations for the treatment of asthma symptoms. METHODS: Four independent literature
searches were performed on Medline, Pubmed, Cochrane Library, and Embase. Only randomised clinical trials were
included. There were no restrictions on the language of publication. The data were extracted in a standardised,
predefined manner and assessed critically. RESULTS: Seventeen randomised clinical trials were found, six of which
concerned the use of traditional Chinese herbal medicine and eight described traditional Indian medicine, of which five
investigated Tylophora indica. Three other randomised trials tested a Japanese Kampo medicine, marihuana, and
dried ivy leaf extract. Nine of the 17 trials reported a clinically relevant improvement in lung function and/or symptom
scores. CONCLUSIONS: No definitive evidence for any of the herbal preparations emerged. Considering the
popularity of herbal medicine with asthma patients, there is urgent need for stringently designed clinically relevant
randomised clinical trials for herbal preparations in the treatment of asthma.
~4 Citings
3691. Principles of traditional Chinese medicine
By Meng A
From Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) (2000), 150(13-14), 310-6, Language: German, Database: MEDLINE
The beginnings of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can be related to the three most important philosophic and
religious personalities. Modern Western medicine (MM), which was already sensationally successful at that time, was
brought to China by business men, missionaries and soldiers. Compared to MM, the theories of TCM seem abstract,
its concept unusual. Historical hallmarks of TCM influenced by culture are the following: the medical system is
philosophical, oriented towards humanism. TCM is a medical system without strict structural relationships (without
anatomy).
~0 Citings
3692. Principles and application of acupuncture in neurology
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By Jellinger K A
From Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) (2000), 150(13-14), 278-85, Language: German, Database:
MEDLINE
Acupuncture is a valuable method of complementary medicine with broad application in neurology. It is based on the
experiences of traditional Chinese medicine as well as on experimentally proven biological (biochemical and
neurophysiological) effects. Acupuncture-induced analgesia is mediated by inhibition of pain transmission at a spinal
level and activation of central pain-modulating centers by release of opioids and other peptides that can be prevented
by opioid antagonists (naloxone). Modern neuroimaging methods (functional MRI) confirmed the activation of
subcortical and cortical centers, while transcranial Doppler sonography and SPECT showed an increase of cerebral
blood flow and cerebral oxygen supply in normal subjects. Clinical experience and controlled studies confirmed the
efficacy of acupuncture in various pain syndromes (tension headache, migraine, trigeminal neuralgia, posttraumatic
pain, lumbar syndrome, ischialgia, etc.) and suggest favorable effects in the rehabilitation of peripheral facial nerve
palsy and after stroke. Appropriate techniques, hygiene safeguards and knowledge of contraindications will minimize
the risks of rare side effects of acupuncture which represents a valuable adjunction to the treatment repertoire in
modern neurology. There is sufficient evidence of acupuncture to expand its use into conventional medicine and to
encourage further studies of its pathophysiology and clinical value.
~1 Citing
3693. Arsenic trioxide therapy for relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia: an useful salvage therapy
By Huan S Y; Yang C H; Chen Y C
From Leukemia & lymphoma (2000), 38(3-4), 283-93, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) was recently identified as a very potent agent against acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL).
Intravenous infusion of 10 mg As2O3 daily for one to two months can induce significant complete remission (CR) of
APL, and there is no cross drug-resistance between As2O3 and other antileukemic agents, including all-trans retinoic
acid (ATRA). The CR rate of relapsed and/or refractory APL patients who received As2O3 treatment ranged from
52.3% to 93.3%. The median duration to CR ranged from 38 to 51 days, with accumulative As2O3 dosage of 340-430
mg. Although most adverse reactions of As2O3 treatment were tolerable, certain infrequent but severe toxicities
related to As2O3 were observed, including renal failure, hepatic damage, cardiac arrhythmia and chronic
neuromuscular degeneration, which should be monitored carefully. As2O3 can induce partial differentiation and
subsequent apoptosis of APL cells through degradation of wild type PML and PML/RAR alpha chimeric proteins and
possible anti-mitochondrial effects. Like the treatment of ATRA in APL, early relapses from As2O3 treatment within a
few months were not infrequently seen, indicating that rapid emerging resistance to As2O3 can occur. Nevertheless,
the PML/RAR alpha fusion protein was reported to disappear in some APL patients who received As2O3, and who
might earn long-survival. However, the follow-up is still too short to draw the conclusion. Intriguingly, it has been
shown that As2O3 can also induce apoptosis of other non-APL tumor cells with clinical achievable concentrations.
However, the detailed molecular mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Further studies regarding to the
pharmacological characters, clinical efficacies, toxicities, apoptogenic mechanisms, and spectrum of anti-tumor activity
of As2O3 are warranted.
~1 Citing
3694. Spirit (shen), styles of knowing, and authority in contemporary Chinese medicine
By Hsu E
From Culture, medicine and psychiatry (2000), 24(2), 197-229, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
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Studies on the terminology of expert knowledge tend to neglect the relevance of sociological data, in spite of general
acceptance that knowledge and social practice are interdependent. This paper explores expert knowledge and
practice by examining 'styles of knowing' and how they differ according to the ways in which experts establish their
authority. For assessing medical authority in microsocial settings, the author takes recourse to Weber's three ideal
types. The study shows that for a charismatic healer who seeks to reach mutual consensus with his clientele
vagueness in terminology can be useful. When, however, medical authority depends on recognition by superiors and
peers in modern bureaucratic institutions, vague terms tend to be avoided. So, the same term that a charismatic
healer may refer to in a vague sense becomes more explicitly defined in the bureaucratic setting. Its sense is more
clearly delimited and denotational qualities are emphasized. In institutions where traditional authority prevails, like
those of the literate elite in highly stratified traditional societies, the technical terminology is not only vague, but
notoriously polysemous. The article draws on ethnographic data of Chinese medicine and qigong therapy as practised
in the late eighties in Kunming city, the capital of Yunnan province in the People's Republic of China, but it is meant to
contribute in a more general way to an exploration of the ways in which claims to medical authority interrelate with
word meaning, language use, and 'styles of knowing'. The term investigated, shen, refers to the spiritual, a domain of
human experience that is widely acknowledged by traditional medical practitioners, but difficult to evaluate by
sociological analysis.
~0 Citings
3695. Traditional Chinese medicine in orthopaedic nursing
By Topham D L
From Orthopaedic nursing / National Association of Orthopaedic Nurses (1999), 18(6), 45-52, Language: English,
Database: MEDLINE
Increasing popularity of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) by the American public warrants an examination of its role
in all of nursing. Many people seeking alternative treatments do so out of frustration with the inability of Western
medicine to help with chronic illnesses. Thus, Western practitioners need a basic understanding of these alternative
modalities to help their clients make informed choices about their health care. This article describes the underlying
theory of TCM, assessments, diagnostics, and treatments found in TCM, as well as uses of TCM in orthopaedic
nursing. Also included are research considerations as well as precautions in the use of TCM.
~0 Citings
3696. A Kampo medicine "Juzen-taiho-to"--prevention of malignant progression and metastasis of tumor cells and the
mechanism of action
By Saiki I
From Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin (2000), 23(6), 677-88, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Juzen-taiho-to is a Kampo (Japanese and Chinese traditional) medicine, and is a nourishing agent, a so-called "Hozai"
(in Japanese), that is used for improving disturbances and imbalances in the homeostatic condition of the body. This
drug is administered to patients in various weakened conditions, including post-surgery patients and patients with
chronic illnesses, where it can alleviate general symptoms such as extreme fatigue, pale complexion, loss of appetite,
dry or scaly skin, night sweating, and dryness of the mouth. Currently, Juzen-taiho-to is often administered to cancer
patients, and has been shown to possess various biological activities, such as enhancement of phagocytosis, cytokine
induction, antibody production, induction of the mitogenic activity of spleen cells, anti-tumor effects when combined
with surgical excision, anti-tumor effects with or without other drugs, and protection against the deleterious effects of
anti-cancer drugs as well as radiation-induced immunosuppression and bone marrow toxicity. This article focuses on
the antitumor and antimetastatic properties of Kampo formulations and describes the effect of Juzen-taiho-to and
related formulations on tumor development, progression and metastasis in vivo. We also discuss the mechanism of
the inhibitory action and the importance of the formulation and the constituent drugs in determining the efficacy.
~3 Citings
3697. Advances in TCM treatment of primary hepatocarcinoma
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By Guan D; Fang Z
Database: MEDLINE
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3698. Acupuncture for management of pain
By Gaynor J S
From The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice (2000), 30(4), 875-84, viii, Language: English,
Database: MEDLINE
Acupuncture is the technique of inserting needles into specific areas of the body to elicit a physiologic response.
Although acupuncture is based on the paradigms of traditional Chinese medicine, there are numerous physiologic and
clinical studies that document and validate its use. Control of pain is a major indication for the use of acupuncture. It
can be used in conjunction with analgesic drugs or alone to make patients more comfortable.
~0 Citings
3699. The current aspects of reflexotherapy
By Pokanevich V V; Macheret E L; Korkushko A O
From Likars'ka sprava / Ministerstvo okhorony zdorov'ia Ukrainy (2000), (1), 21-4, Language: Russian, Database:
MEDLINE
~0 Citings
3700. Effect of selected thallophytic glucans on learning behaviour and short-term potentiation
By Smriga M; Saito H
This paper reviews the effects of thallophytic glucans on rodent cognitive performance modelled by a combination of
behavioural and electrophysiological approaches. Glucans were isolated from thallophytic plants, based on
prescriptions used in traditional Chinese and Japanese medicine. In parallel with the already described enhancement
of hippocampal synaptic plasticity by disaccharides, polysaccharides isolated from lichens Flavoparmelia caperata and
Cetrariella islandica, enhanced hippocampal plasticity and behavioural performance in rats.
~0 Citings
3701. Review: drug therapy in Chinese traditional medicine
By Cheng J T
From Journal of clinical pharmacology (2000), 40(5), 445-50, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
This article addresses the differences between the basic concepts of drug therapy in Chinese traditional medicine
(CTM) and modern Western medicine. In ancient times, throughout the world, humans used plants as food and
medicine. In Europe, chemistry developed rapidly after the influence of Paracelsus. Active principles were isolated
from plants, and drugs were prepared in the salt form to use as medication. In China, several drugs isolated from
plants have been prepared in the salt form in recent years, but herbal medication, developed in the ancient tradition,
continued to be widely used in Chinese populations. Some theories such as the yin-yang theory and the five-element
theory were commonly employed to explain the rationale for the use of CTM. In this review, hypertension and diabetes
mellitus are used as examples to illustrate the applications of CTM. The notions of the "whole" and the use of "relative"
rather than absolute are important concepts, which distinguish CTM from modern medicine.
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~6 Citings
3702. Traditional Chinese medicine: an approach to scientific proof and clinical validation
By Yuan R; Lin Y
From Pharmacology & therapeutics (2000), 86(2), 191-8, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
The classical Chinese pharmacopoeia describes a large number of herbal formulations that are used for the treatment
of a wide variety of diseases. This therapeutic approach is ignored by many and considered to be an alternative to
conventional medicine by others. The scientific proof and clinical validation of these herbal formulations require a
rigorous approach that includes chemical standardization, biological assays, animal models, and clinical trials. Such
Western methodologies need to take into consideration the complex mixture of chemicals and how they are to be used
in humans. This review examines relevant studies on the use of traditional Chinese medicines for the treatment of
such diseases as bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, and irritable bowel syndrome. An interdisciplinary approach to
traditional Chinese medicine may provide a platform for the discovery of novel therapeutics composed of multiple
chemical compounds.
~5 Citings
3703. Acupuncture for chronic asthma
By Linde K; Jobst K; Panton J
MEDLINE
BACKGROUND: Acupuncture has traditionally been used to treat asthma in China and is used increasingly for this
purpose internationally. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review was to assess the effects of acupuncture for the
treatment of asthma or asthma-like symptoms. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Airways Group
trials register, the Cochrane Complementary Medicine Field trials register and reference lists of articles. SELECTION
CRITERIA: Randomised and possibly randomised trials using acupuncture to treat asthma and asthma-like
symptoms. Acupuncture could involve the insertion of needles or other forms of stimulation of acupuncture points.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Trial quality was assessed by at least two reviewers independently. A
reviewer experienced in acupuncture assessed the adequacy of the sham acupuncture. Study authors were contacted
for missing information. MAIN RESULTS: Seven trials involving 174 people were included. Trial quality varied and
results were inconsistent. No statistically significant or clinically relevant effects were found for acupuncture compared
to sham acupuncture. However the points used in the sham arm of some studies are used for the treatment of asthma
according to traditional Chinese medicine. Only one study used individualised treatment strategies. Lung function
could be compared statistically in only 3 trials. Peak expiratory flow rate showed a statistically insignificant increase of
8.4 litres/minute weighted mean difference (95% confidence interval -29.4 to 46.2) when acupuncture was compared to
sham acupuncture. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: There is not enough evidence to make recommendations about
the value of acupuncture in asthma treatment. Further research needs to consider the complexities and different types
of acupuncture.
~2 Citings
3704. Traditional Chinese medicines as immunosuppressive agents
By Ramgolam V; Ang S G; Lai Y H; Loh C S; Yap H K
From Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore (2000), 29(1), 11-6, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
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INTRODUCTION: Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) have been used for centuries in China to treat various
immune-mediated disorders. METHODS: This review focuses on the clinical and experimental studies that have been
performed with TCM as immunosuppressive agents for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE),
rheumatoid arthritis (RA), atopic eczema and solid organ transplantation. RESULTS: The "thunder god" vine,
Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHf), has been extensively used in China to treat SLE and RA. TWHf not only
inhibited mitogen-stimulated lymphoproliferation, but its active derivatives have also been shown to inhibit production of
proinflammatory cytokines by monocytes and lymphocytes, as well as prostaglandin E2 production via the
cyclooxygenase, COX-2, pathway, a potential mechanism of action in patients with RA. Demethylzelasteral (TZ-93), a
triterpenoid isolated from the root cortex of TWHf, the plant alkaloid berbamine, and the hydrophobic extract of a
Chinese herbal decoction, CMX-13, were all shown to be active in prolonging allograft survival in experimental animal
models of heart, skin and single lung transplants, respectively. There are few well-designed randomised placebocontrolled clinical trials demonstrating the efficacy of TCM in various diseases. Zemaphyte, a decoction of 10 herbs,
has been shown to be efficacious in the treatment of atopic dermatitis in both children and adults in two randomised
double-blind placebo-controlled trials. CONCLUSION: There is both laboratory and clinical evidence that the
derivatives of many of these herbs may have significant beneficial immunosuppressive effects, however, concerns of
toxicity must also be addressed, as exact dosing of the active derivatives is difficult to achieve with the current
prescriptions of TCM.
~0 Citings
3705. The systems, holograms and theory of micro-acupuncture
By Dale R A
From American journal of acupuncture (1999), 27(3-4), 207-42, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Although acupuncture has been practiced for more than 5,000 years, micro-acupuncture is a recent concept. In the
mid-1950s, Nogier discovered that the ear may be utilized as a diagnostic and therapeutic system for the entire body.
He explored the topology of acupoints on the ear, observing that it is reiterative of the anatomy. Micro-acupuncture
extends these principles to other parts of the body, for example, the foot, hand, nose, and even the orbit of the eye.
The development, systems, theory, clinical uses and holograms of micro-acupuncture are reviewed. It is suggested
that the holographic paradigm may even have implications for the evolution of a new scientific, social and personal
consciousness.
~0 Citings
3706. The paradox of the unity and duality of the kidneys according to Chinese medicine: kidney essence, yin, yang, qi,
the mingmen--their origins, relationships, functions and manifestations
By Hammer L I
This paper explores the relationship between Kidney Essence, Yang, Yin and Qi, and the Mingmen, their origins, the
variety of functions they provide to the human organism, mentally, physically and spiritually, and the fundamental
paradox they represent in terms of unity and polarity. This exercise is part of an ongoing personal exploration in the
service of a more complete understanding of the cosmic and material functions of the Kidney in Chinese medicine and
culture, also illuminated by Chinese pulse diagnosis. It is not meant to convey a final statement or as a repository of
absolutes, but as an attempt to stimulate and ultimately share new ideas.
~0 Citings
3707. Psychology and Chinese medicine: exploring the mental, emotional and spiritual disharmonies of the Kidney
energy system
By Hammer L I
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Drawing on his perspective as psychiatrist and longtime practitioner of Chinese medicine (CM), the author introduces
his interpretation of the energy concepts of CM as they pertain to the psychology of man. This discussion focuses on
the Water Element and Kidney energy system which are associated with supervision the genetic and intrauterine
developmental phases of evolution. A faltering of these energies is associated with both pervasive and subtle
neurological disorders and a predisposition to the most severe psychological disturbances. The manifestations and
consequences are examined with case studies.
~0 Citings
3708. Understanding acute disharmonies of the channel sinews
By Rodger-Withers S
A wide variety of symptom presentations have been identified in association with exogenous pathogenic attack of the
"channel sinews" (CS). In accordance with the Eight Principles of Diagnosis and with reference to the classical
literature, the author explores the outcomes of attack by exogenous pathogenic wind, cold, heat, and dampness at the
acute stage.
~0 Citings
3709. Treatment of biliary ascariasis in China
By Zhou X; Peng W; Crompton D W; Xiong J
From Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (1999), 93(6), 561-4, Language: English,
Database: MEDLINE
~0 Citings
3710. Unproven methods in cancer: a worldwide problem
By Schraub S
From Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (2000),
8(1), 10-5, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Questionable or unproven methods are used by cancer patients throughout the world. Treatments include drugs,
vitamins, herbs, diets, healing, "psychological" treatments, folk medicines, and homeopathy. The exact frequency of
questionable methods in cancer is difficult to evaluate because of the variety of methods, some being used as
complementary treatments to conventional ones (and often not mentioned by patients) and others, as curative
treatment (alternative treatment). In Europe, data are available for the Nordic countries, Switzerland, Germany,
Austria, United Kingdom, The Netherlands, France and Italy. High frequencies of use are observed in Germanspeaking countries (52-65%). In North America, many publications give frequencies of between 7% and 54%. In
Mexico, the frequency is 50%, higher than in Argentina (17%). In Australia, 22% have used complementary medicines.
In Asia, some data are available from India, Taiwan and Japan. In Tunisia (northern Africa), the results of 59
interviews also show the use of questionable methods among Arabic patients. There is a lack of data from countries in
Africa and in Asia. While some products are used all over the world (e.g. mistletoe, vitamins), others are country
specific (Moerman diet in The Netherlands). Some traditional medicines are also country specific (e.g., Chinese
medicine, Ayurvedic medicine in India). Both alternative and complementary unproven methods are prescribed either
according to classical concepts of cancer treatment or according to a new concept of the world and of life.
~1 Citing
3711. Capillary electrophoresis of natural products-II
By Issaq H J
From Electrophoresis (1999), 20(15-16), 3190-202, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
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Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) were used for the
separation of widely different compounds from natural materials including compounds from tea, acids from different
matrices, flavonoids and alkaloids, toxins and toxicological compounds, proteins and polypeptides, biogenic amines,
phenolic compounds in alcoholic beverages, Chinese medicinal drugs, compounds in cells and cell extracts, and
miscellaneous other applications. A section dealing with recent reviews related to natural products is also included.
~0 Citings
3712. Causes, epidemiology, and clinical evaluation of suspected herbal poisoning
By Ko R J
From Journal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology (1999), 37(6), 697-708, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
~2 Citings
3713. A review of current research in microwave resonance therapy: novel opportunities in medical treatment
By Jovanovic-Ignjatic Z; Rakovic D
From Acupuncture & electro-therapeutics research (1999), 24(2), 105-25, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Microwave Resonance Therapy (MRT) is a novel medical treatment, which represents a synthesis of the ancient
Chinese traditional knowledge in medicine (acupuncture) and recent breakthroughs in biophysics. By affecting the
appropriate acupuncture points by the generation of high frequency microwaves (52-78 GHz), remarkable clinical
results are being achieved in surgery, orthopedic and traumatology, cardiovascular disorders, urology, gynecology,
dermatology, gastroenterology, pulmology, upper respiratory tract, cardiology, neurology, and oncology during the last
decade--the MRT being contraindicated only in the cases of acute pain in the abdomen demanding an operation,
pregnancy, and menstruation cycle. In this paper the quantum-like macroscopic biophysical basis of the MRT and its
technical details are elaborated too, offering a new insight in the mechanisms of the assembling gap junction
hemichannels upon the internal microwave (MW) electromagnetic field spatio-temporal maximums at the temporary
position of the acupuncture system, and, hence, the very biophysical nature of the temporary psychosomatic health or
disease. The quantum-like coherent characteristics of the MRT (sharply-resonant sensory response of the disordered
organism, extremely low-intensity and low-energy non-thermal biologically efficient MW radiation, and negligible MW
energy losses down acupuncture meridians) might be viewed as a consequence of the existence of biological nonlocal
selfconsistent macroscopic quantum potentials, which can give rise to nonlinear coherent EM MW long-range maserlike excitations of biological nonlinear absorption medium with the cells as active centers--with acupuncture meridians
related to eigenfrequencies and spatio-temporal eigenwaves distributions of every individual biological quantum
system. This suggests that a healthy condition might be considered as an absolute minimum (ground state) of the
nonlocal selfconsistent macroscopic quantum potential of the organism. Some disorders of an acupuncture system
correspond to higher minimums of the (spatio-temporally changeable) potential hypersurface in energy-configuration
space, which possibly explains the higher sensory responses of the more excited (more disordered) acupuncture
system and the poor MRT sensory response of the healthy acupuncture system being already in the ground state.
Such a picture also supports the EM/ionic "optical" ultralowfrequency modulated MW quantum holographic neural
network-like function of the acupuncture system (similar to complex-valued oscillatory holographic Hopfield-like neural
networks), and its essential relation to consciousness, as strongly suggested from biophysical modeling of altered
states of consciousness. Finally, the ionic aspects of the acupuncture system are considered, too, as well as the
relation of ultradian (approximately 2-hour) nasal rhythm recognized in Indian swara yoga and circadian (approximately
24-hour) acupuncture rhythm recognized in Chinese traditional medicine, and their significance for maintaining the
ionic balance within acupuncture system, as related to overall health.
~0 Citings
3714. Ginseng pharmacology: multiple constituents and multiple actions
By Attele A S; Wu J A; Yuan C S
From Biochemical pharmacology (1999), 58(11), 1685-93, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
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Ginseng is a highly valued herb in the Far East and has gained popularity in the West during the last decade. There is
extensive literature on the beneficial effects of ginseng and its constituents. The major active components of ginseng
are ginsenosides, a diverse group of steroidal saponins, which demonstrate the ability to target a myriad of tissues,
producing an array of pharmacological responses. However, many mechanisms of ginsenoside activity still remain
unknown. Since ginsenosides and other constituents of ginseng produce effects that are different from one another,
and a single ginsenoside initiates multiple actions in the same tissue, the overall pharmacology of ginseng is complex.
The ability of ginsenosides to independently target multireceptor systems at the plasma membrane, as well as to
activate intracellular steroid receptors, may explain some pharmacological effects. This commentary aims to review
selected effects of ginseng and ginsenosides and describe their possible modes of action. Structural variability of
ginsenosides, structural and functional relationship to steroids, and potential targets of action are discussed.
~42 Citings
3715. Acupuncture: its use in medicine
By Pearl D; Schrollinger E
From The Western journal of medicine (1999), 171(3), 176-80, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
~0 Citings
3716. Zhong Yi acupuncture and low-back pain: traditional Chinese medical acupuncture differential diagnoses and
treatments for chronic lumbar pain
By Birch S; Sherman K
From Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.) (1999), 5(5), 415-25; discussion 427-8,
Little attention has been given to selecting treatments in clinical trials of acupuncture. Yet in order to perform objective
tests of this procedure, it is crucial that the selected treatments are considered representative of the style of practice
being tested. We examined 16 traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) acupuncture texts or treatment articles to
determine the consistency of diagnosis and recommended treatment for chronic low-back pain. Although 24 diagnostic
patterns were described by 1 or more texts, only 4 patterns were described by at least half of the texts. Most texts
(12/16) described only 3 or 4 patterns. These could be categorized into 3 broad types: cold, damp, wind, heat channel
obstruction patterns; kidney vacuity patterns (sometimes differentiated into yang and yin patterns); and blood (or blood
and qi) stasis patterns. Several acupuncture points were recommended by most texts regardless of the diagnosis,
whereas other acupoints were recommended for specific diagnostic patterns. There was, however, substantial
variation between texts in recommended acupoints, with less than 20% of all acupoints recommended by half or more
of the texts. This varibility will make it difficult to select TCM treatments for clinical trials of chronic low-back pain that
have wide applicability. We believe that examining treatment patterns in actual clinical practice is crucial in this
situation. We suggest that this method of selecting treatments should be part of the process used when selecting
treatments for all clinical trials of acupuncture, regardless of the style of practice.
~0 Citings
3717. Treatment of musculoskeletal pain with traditional Chinese herbal medicine
By Arnold M D; Thornbrough L M
From Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America (1999), 10(3), 663-71, ix-x, Language: English,
Database: MEDLINE
Traditional Chinese herbal medicine (TCHM) uses naturally occurring plant, animal, and mineral substances to treat or
assist in the treatment of the full spectrum of human disease. With the rise in popularity of alternative or
complementary medicine, all physicians will encounter patients using TCHMs. TCHM should be taken under the
supervision of a provider whose herbal training and competence is commensurate with the intensity of the herbal
regimen and the severity of the clinical condition. TCHM can be valuable in the treatment of all kinds of pain: either as
primary or adjunctive therapy depending on the clinical situation. TCHM therapies are prescribed in the framework of a
unique diagnostic approach, and are highly specific with regard to type of pain and location of pain.
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~1 Citing
3718. Issues in acupuncture research: the failure of quantitative methodologies and the possibilities for viable, alternative
solutions
By Moroz A
Thirty years of active acupuncture research have failed to unequivocally demonstrate its clinical efficacy. Certain
characteristics of acupuncture are difficult to fit into an experimental study. Many researchers mention selection of
appropriate controls, single- or double-blind research design, and application of relevant outcome measures as areas
causing most difficulties. Also cited are the variability of acupuncture techniques, difficulty of standardizing
acupuncture treatments, inadequate population size, significant variability of response to treatments, the use of a
distinctive terminology, and importance of practitioner's experience. Acupuncture and Chinese traditional medicine are
based on a unique philosophical model, and the instruments of biomedical research may be inadequate and
inappropriate. In contrast to the quantitative experimental method, introspective self-observation and qualitative
observation are offered as a means of studying the effectiveness of acupuncture.
~0 Citings
3719. Five element acupuncture: treating body, mind, and spirit
By Moss C A
In the history of Chinese medicine, Five Elements was one of the major doctrines influencing not only acupuncture but
all aspects of society. Through the system of correspondences, Five Element acupuncture provides a unique
understanding of the connections between body, mind, and spirit in health and disease. Today the practice of Five
Element acupuncture in the West has been further refined and differs in substantial ways from what is known as
traditional Chinese medicine. The clinical application of the Five Element system provides an understanding of how
the Taoist concept of the Laws of Nature can be used in modern society.
~1 Citing
3720. The relevance of herbal treatments for psychiatric practice
By Walter G; Rey J M
From The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry (1999), 33(4), 482-9; discussion 490-3, Language:
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper is to inform psychiatrists about the basic principles, terminology, schools of
thought, efficacy, safety and regulatory issues regarding herbal treatments for mental illness. METHOD: Information
was obtained by computerised and manual searching of medical and botanical data bases, and by discussions with
experts in herbal medicine and regulatory aspects of the pharmaceutical industry. RESULTS: Herbal medicines are
commonly used in developed and developing countries for psychiatric illness. The main schools of herbal medicine in
Australia are Western herbal medicine, traditional Chinese medicine and 'Ayurveda' (Indian herbal medicine). Herbs
used for psychiatric or neurological disorders are termed 'nervines'. Three nervines which have attracted considerable
attention recently are St John's Wort, Gingko biloba and Valeriana officinalis. In Australia, most herbal drugs are
classed as 'listed drugs' which are required to satisfy less rigorous safety and efficacy criteria than 'registered drugs'.
The popularity of herbal remedies has a number of clinical and research implications for psychiatry. CONCLUSIONS:
Psychiatrists should not endorse treatments that are unsupported by sound research, nor remain ignorant about
alternative approaches to mental illness. The extent of use of herbal treatments for mental illness suggests that
psychiatrists should become more knowledgeable about developments in this area.
~1 Citing
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3721. Pharmacologic and alternative therapies for the horse with chronic laminitis
By Sumano Lopez H; Hoyas Sepulveda M L; Brumbaugh G W
From The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice (1999), 15(2), 495-516, viii, Language: English,
Database: MEDLINE
This article deals with treatment of the chronically foundered horse. The first section of this article is focused on
aspects of the traditional pharmacologic approaches to management of digital pain and sepsis, dietary management,
and thyroid supplementation. A second section introduces the concepts, principles, and agents that are used in
homeopathic treatments for laminitis. Lastly, a third section of this article reviews the use of acupuncture and
traditional Chinese medicine approaches to treatment of chronic laminitis.
~0 Citings
3722. Advances in TCM treatment of hyperprolactinemia
By Lei J; Ning J; Guo Z
Database: MEDLINE
In recent years, rapid progress has been seen in the treatment of hyperprolactinemia with TCM and materia medica.
The old pattern of simply using bromocryptine to treat the disease has been changed. Most of the cases reported in
this paper were primary hyperprolactinemia, with other primary diseases excluded. As TCM treatment produces
definite therapeutic effects with few side-effects, the methods above reported are worth recommending.
~0 Citings
3723. A review on traditional Chinese medicine in prevention and treatment of multiple sclerosis
By Sun Y; Liu X
Database: MEDLINE
~0 Citings
3724. Traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of bronchitis and bronchial asthma
By Chen A
Database: MEDLINE
~0 Citings
3725. Advances in TCM treatment of diabetic acromelic gangrene
By Li Y; Cheng Y
Database: MEDLINE
~0 Citings
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3726. Advances in treatment of diabetic neuropathy by traditional Chinese medicine
By Heng X; Zhang F
Database: MEDLINE
~0 Citings
3727. A survey of research on the treatment of asthma by invigorating blood circulation to remove blood stasis
By Wang Z
Database: MEDLINE
It has been demonstrated by a lot of clinical practice and experimental research that blood stasis is present in cases of
asthma. In regard to the manifestations of asthma with blood stasis, medical doctors in our country carried out many
investigations. The symptoms and signs of the disease are recognized consistently. Furthermore, they used blood
rheological changes as laboratory indices to reach a more objective diagnosis. In the therapeutic aspect of asthma
with blood stasis, either ancient recipes or those formulated by individual doctors have significant therapeutic effects.
These are the important progress in the treatment and recognition of the pathogenic mechanisms of asthma.
However, in regard to the diagnosis of asthma with blood stasis, at present there are no unified criteria. Therefore, it is
necessary to formulate relatively unified diagnostic criteria and the criteria for therapeutic effect evaluation.
Doubtlessly, this is of great significance in further research of the disease. In addition, it is also necessary to carry out
extensive experimental research concerning the mechanisms of the recipes with the actions of improving blood
circulation and removing blood stasis, especially the ancient recipes or those prescribed by individual doctors, which
are scarcely based on systematic animal experimental research. These need to be further studied.
~0 Citings
3728. Problems in the legislative regulation of folk and nontraditional medicines
By Pokanevych V V
From Likars'ka sprava / Ministerstvo okhorony zdorov'ia Ukrainy (1999), (1), 134-9, Language: Ukrainian, Database:
MEDLINE
~0 Citings
3729. Traditional and complementary therapies in Parkinson's disease
By Manyam B V; Sanchez-Ramos J R
From Advances in neurology (1999), 80565-74, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Parkinson's disease has existed in different parts of the world since ancient times. The first clear description is found
in the ancient Indian medical system of Ayurveda under the name Kampavata. Traditional therapies in the form of
herbal preparations containing anticholinergics, levodopa, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors were used in the
treatment of PD in India, China, and the Amazon basin. Scientific reevaluation of these therapies may be valuable, as
shown in the case of Mucuna pruriens and Banisteria caapi. Complementary therapies such as massage therapy,
biofeedback, and acupuncture may have beneficial effects for patients and deserve further study.
~3 Citings
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3730. A cytologist's view of China--Citizen Ambassador Program Cytopathology Delegation to the People's Republic of
China, February 1997
By Waddell C A
From Cytopathology : official journal of the British Society for Clinical Cytology (1999), 10(3), 201-5, Language:
~0 Citings
3731. The basic clinical diagnostic framework synergized
By Yu E C
OBJECTIVE: To develop a diagnostic framework that would help defining clinical problems by the expanded
understanding with traditional Chinese medicine (C Med) and western medicine (W Med). METHODS: The basic
attributes of diagnosis and the use of diagnostic techniques of W Med and C Med are reviewed. Some of the various
diagnostic labels and their meanings are also preliminarily reviewed. A consolidatory approach is made to synergize
the usefulness of the two disciplines based on the principles of the two schools. RESULTS: A synergized basic
diagnostic framework is developed. The disease (the disease diagnosis, [symbol: see text]), the state of the inner core
(the core diagnosis, [symbol: see text]) should be defined. The term "systemic clues" is used to describe the symptom
complex and conglomerate evidence describing the transient or sustained reaction of the inner core to environment.
This is an analytical summary of its pathophysiological changes in reaction to the environmental insults.
CONCLUSIONS: The application and use of the framework are discussed and propositions are made. The
synergized diagnostic platform represents a starting effort to form a unified basis to exchange clinical diagnosis
between W Med and C Med. Such framework may facilitate looking for new treatment modalities and results can be
compared across different centres.
~0 Citings
3732. Stroke therapy in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM): prospects for drug discovery and development
By Gong X; Sucher N J
Brain injuries resulting from stroke are a major and increasing public health problem in both developed and developing
countries worldwide. China's extensive experience in the use of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) in stroke
therapy indicates that TCM preparations are effective, with few or no side-effects. There are more than 100 traditional
medicines in use for stroke therapy in China. Some of their therapeutic effects in stroke have been confirmed by
recent clinical studies. A large number of compounds have been isolated from TCMs and most of these resources
have not yet been characterized for pharmacological purposes. Here, this article explains how TCM provides an
extensive and knowledge-rich foundation for implementing a strategically focused pharmacological research
programme aimed at the development of new drugs.
~1 Citing
3733. Qigong-induced mental disorders: a review
By Ng B Y
From The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry (1999), 33(2), 197-206, Language: English, Database:
MEDLINE
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OBJECTIVE: This review article aims to explore current opinions on Qigong-induced mental disorders, an entity which
is unfamiliar to Western psychiatrists. METHOD: Relevant literature published in Chinese and English is reviewed.
RESULTS: The review is divided into three sections: first, there is brief consideration of the historical development of
Qigong in traditional Chinese medicine and its role in psychiatry; second, there is a review of the literature published on
Qigong deviations and Qigong-induced mental disorders; and third, there is a discussion on the aetiological role of
Qigong in these conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Qigong remained veiled in secrecy and available only to the elite until
the early 1980s. Despite the widespread use of Qigong, there is a conspicuous lack of controlled data regarding its
effects on mental health. Qigong, when practised inappropriately, may induce abnormal psychosomatic responses and
even mental disorders. However, the ties between Qigong and mental disorders are manifold, and a causal
relationship is difficult to establish. Many so-called 'Qigong-induced psychoses' may be more appropriately labelled
'Qigong-precipitated psychoses', where the practice of Qigong acts as a stressor in vulnerable individuals.
~0 Citings
3734. Traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture, and other alternative medicines for prostate cancer: an introduction
and the need for more research
By Moyad M A; Hathaway S; Ni H S
From Seminars in urologic oncology (1999), 17(2), 103-10, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
There are several other alternative medicines apart from vitamins and minerals that the clinician should be aware of
because they have grown in popularity in other fields of medicine. In time, these therapies should impact the arena of
urologic oncology. Traditional Chinese Medicine, which includes acupuncture, is an area that has received some
attention. The theory behind it can be quite daunting because it is so different from the theory behind Western Medical
Science. In addition, exactly how acupuncture can be applied to a patient and its potential use in prostate cancer need
to be addressed. Other herbal therapies for the patient experiencing symptoms related to a localized cancer diagnosis
also need to be evaluated. St John's Wort for depression and Kava for anxiety are two examples of herbal alternatives
that some prostate patients are inquiring about. Finally, Ginkgo biloba has received a great deal of attention in the
media for erectile dysfunction, but there is a dearth of evidence in this area and the information that already exists can
be misleading until further studies are conducted. Also, it is imperative that additional studies be performed in all of the
above subjects as they relate to prostate cancer, but a general survey on alternative medicine use in urologic diseases
is needed first before an adequate review of the most popular therapies can be published.
~1 Citing
3735. Current status of the prevention and treatment of intersititial lung diseases by traditional Chinese medicine
By Tao K; Zhou X Y
~0 Citings
3736. Progress in the study on left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in traditional Chinese medicine
By Li S H; Li X G; Yu Y Q; Zhou W Q
~0 Citings
3737. Progress in the researches on traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of abstinence syndrome
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By Li G X
~0 Citings
3738. Current status of and progress in the research on syndrome differentiation in unstable angina
By Lei Y; Chen K J
~0 Citings
3739. Progress in the study on the treatment of rotaviral enteritis with traditional Chinese medicine
By Xu W C; Chen B T; Fu J X
~0 Citings
3740. Acupuncture as a treatment modality for back problems
By Ridgway K
From The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice (1999), 15(1), 211-21, Language: English, Database:
MEDLINE
Concepts of acupuncture in traditional Chinese medicine are presented for clarity and contrast to Western medical
concepts. Various acupuncture techniques and methods are discussed including dry needling, electroacupuncture,
acupuncture using hypodermic needles, and injecting various solutions into the acupuncture sites. Potential
complications and precautions are also presented. A type of chronic back pain is discussed that is possibly associated
with a radiculopathically induced, hypersensitivity myofascial syndrome that presents as a fibromyalgia-like syndrome.
Effective acupuncture treatment for the described chronic fibromyalgia-like syndrome is discussed.
~0 Citings
3741. How Chinese scientists discovered qinghaosu (artemisinin) and developed its derivatives? What are the future
perspectives?
By Li Y; Wu Y L
From Medecine tropicale : revue du Corps de sante colonial (1998), 58(3 Suppl), 9-12, Language: English, Database:
MEDLINE
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Since the middle of this century and especially since the 1960s and 1970s. Chinese scientists have put considerable
effort and resources into the search for new antimalarial compounds extracted from Chinese traditional herbs.
Archaeological findings indicate that qinghao (Artemisia annua L.) has been used as a traditional remedy in China for
over two thousand years. Its antimalarial principle was finally isolated in 1971 and named artemisinin or qinghaosu
(meaning the principle of qinghao in Chinese). Its rapid action, low toxicity and powerful effect against falciparum
malaria made it a favored subject for research. In 1976, the unique structure of the molecule, characterized by an
endoperoxide and an alternative O-C-O-C segment, was identified. The specific lactone reduction discovered during
the determination of the structure opened the way for the synthesis of qinghaosu derivatives, and thereafter a series of
more active and more oil- or water-soluble derivatives was developed. Subsequent studies of the structure/activity
relationship led to the discovery of dihydroartemisinin, artemether and artesunate. Now qinghaosu and these three
derivatives are being used around the world as effective new antimalarial drugs in the fight against falciparum malaria,
including multi-drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. At the present time new qinghaosu analogues or derivatives are
being developed and studies of their structure/activity relationships, their antimalarial mechanisms, their interaction
with ferrous ions and the DNA damage associated with these processes are being actively pursued. In addition, recent
studies also indicate that some qinghaosu derivatives have other bioactivities, including antiparasitic (against
Schistosoma japonicum, Toxoplasma gondii and so on) and anticancer activities. Research into qinghaosu and its
derivatives has already produced and will no doubt continue to produce results of the utmost importance in the fight
against malaria and other diseases.
~2 Citings
3742. Production of ginseng and its bioactive components in plant cell culture: current technological and applied aspects
By Wu J; Zhong J J
From Journal of biotechnology (1999), 68(2-3), 89-99, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Ginseng (the root of Panax ginseng CA Mayer) is a valuable oriental herb, which has been used in traditional Chinese
medicine for thousands of years, both as a disease-healing drug and a general tonic. The medicinal value of ginseng
is now also widely recognized in the west and the world ginseng market is expanding. The current supply of ginseng
depends mainly on field cultivation, which is a slow and laborious process. Plant cell and tissue culture methods have
been explored as potentially more efficient alternatives for the mass production of ginseng and its bioactive
components. Research into ginseng cell and tissue cultures started in the early 1960s and commercial applications
have been underway since the late 1980s. The ginseng cell culture has continued to attract considerable research and
development effort in recent years as scientists seek to understand and optimize the culture conditions. In this paper,
we review recent studies on ginseng cell culture processes, focusing on the physiological and bioengineering factors
affecting the productivity of ginseng biomass and useful metabolites (e.g. ginseng saponin and polysaccharide) and the
progress and concerns in large-scale applications.
~1 Citing
3743. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM): a review for the primary care physician
By Onopa J
From Hawaii medical journal (1999), 58(2), 9-19, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
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It is difficult to find a satisfactory title for this review, because both the word "complementary" and "alternative"-are not
very politically correct currently. It is probable that there is no fully politically correct word, except for "non-allopathic,"
which is unfamiliar to many MDs. Accurately used, the term "allopathic" is as opposed to "homeopathic," so from its
origins, "allopathic medicine" should include herbal medicine. However, in practice, herbal and many other nonhomeopathic treatments are called "non-allopathic," whereas conventional medicine is called "allopathic."
"Complementary" usually would include practices that are used with conventional western medical treatments, and
"alternative" would include those practices that are used instead of western medical treatments. For most of this
review, the terms "non-allopathic," "alternative," and "complementary" could be used interchangeably. This topic has
gained interest, and received some allopathic legitimacy, in part because of an article that David Eisenberg, M.D.,
published in the New England Journal.' In 1990, he performed a telephone survey of about 1,500 adults in the U.S. and
asked them about the use of treatments and practices that were "alternative," which he defined as not generally being
taught in the U.S. medical schools and not being readily available in U.S. hospitals. From his sample, he extrapolated
that in 1990, about 60 million Americans used alternative medical treatments, at an estimated cost of $13.7 billion.
There were more visits to alternative healers than to primary care MDs that year, and over two-thirds of people who did
use alternative medical treatments did not tell their doctors about it. Now that third party figures are becoming
interested in paying for alternative medical practices (especially naturopathic, chiropractic, and acupuncture services),
allopathic physicians will be increasing in the position of being able to refer people to alternative providers, and
insurers will pay for services that MDs approve. Therefore, it will become increasingly important for physicians to have
a degree of familiarity with alternative treatments (including efficacy and risks). So far, to date, there have been no
cases of malpractice for giving advice about the use of alternative medical treatments, but liability will certainly exist to
anyone who delivers treatments, such as acupuncture or spinal manipulation, in the event of an adverse effect. This
review will briefly introduce some of the most common alternative practices likely to be seen in Hawaii communities:
Homeopathy, Herbs, Naturopathy, Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, and Chiropractic and spinal manipulation, and
a brief discussion of Dr. Eisenberg's recent position paper on advising patients about alternative practices.
~0 Citings
3744. Herbal remedies and nephrotoxicity
By Nortier J; Depierreux M; Vanherweghem J L
From Revue medicale de Bruxelles (1999), 20(1), 9-14, Language: French, Database: MEDLINE
Numerous substances from vegetal origin used as herbal remedies can be nephrotoxic. This article summarizes
several circumstances of development of acute or chronic renal failure in which the responsible agent has been
identified after a thorough toxicologic study. The Chinese herbs nephropathy is extensively described, detailing not
only the epidemiological and histological aspects but also the extrarenal and neoplastic complications recently
reported.
~0 Citings
3745. Seeing to the distant mountain: diagnosis in Tibetan medicine
By Tokar E
To make use of an ancient traditional medical system, we must first comprehend the singular concepts and language
that system uses to understand and describe health and illness. The diagnostic procedure is the method by which a
person's medical condition is interpreted into the conceptual framework and language of medical science. This article
provides a description of traditional Tibetan medical diagnosis and explains how a Tibetan physician perceives and
analyzes a presenting illness. It discusses the spiritual, psychological, and physical aspects of the Tibetan medical
approach to diagnosis. Addressing these issues can help us to understand what is unique about this system of
alternative medicine and how it can inform other models of medical practice.
~0 Citings
3746. Acupuncture: an information therapy?
By Nissel H
From Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) (1998), 148(19), 439-42, Language: German, Database: MEDLINE
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Even though modern medicine continues to be governed by the morphological point of view, cybernetics and systems
theory are beginning to gain in importance. The concept of "Infomedicine" serves as the basis for a discussion of
regulation and the information mechanisms necessary for this to occur. Some of the new insights being made in
physics, such as the theory of relativity, quantum physics, and chaos theory provide many valuable explanations.
Acupuncture represents a regulation and information therapy, and many parallels can be drawn between traditional
Chinese medicine and the discoveries being made in today's physics.
~0 Citings
3747. Other medical management of uterine fibroids
By Eldar-Geva T; Healy D L
From Bailliere's clinical obstetrics and gynaecology (1998), 12(2), 269-88, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Several medicines are emerging with the potential to treat symptomatic uterine fibroids. Anti-progesterone compounds
seem particularly promising. These drugs have been widely used for nearly 20 years and are known to be safe;
medical politics have prevented their proper investigation for uterine fibroids. In particular, the value of mifepristone, 50
mg per day for 3 months, seems particularly promising. Further investigation is clearly warranted for this medicine.
Several anti-oestrogen compounds have recently become available and may also be useful for the medical treatment
of symptomatic uterine fibroids. This includes the possibility of the use of selective oestrogen receptor modulators as
well as the prospect of the use of pure anti-oestrogens. On a longer time frame, inhibitors of angiogenesis may be
useful. These medicines would act upon the blood supply to uterine fibroids. Physicians also have an obligation to
investigate scientifically any promising naturopathic treatment that appears to have possible activity for symptomatic
fibroids.
~1 Citing
3748. Enzymatic modification of natural compounds with pharmacological properties
By Riva S; Monti D; Luisetti M; Danieli B
From Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (1998), 86470-80, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Glycosides of various classes of natural products are widely distributed in nature, where they are often present
esterified with aliphatic and aromatic acids at specific OH's of their sugar moieties. Many of these compounds are
pharmacologically important molecules or possess other interesting properties. For instance, ginsenosides (e.g., 3)
are therapeutic dammarane-type oligoglycosides isolated from the water-soluble portion of the dried roots and leaves
of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Aralianceae), a plant widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. In recent years, we
have exploited the regioselectivity of lipases and proteases in organic solvents for the synthesis of specific esters of
ginsenosides as well as the selectivity of the beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase from bovine colostrum to obtain new
glycosyl derivatives of these compounds. The application of these two enzymatic methodologies has also been
exemplified with other natural compounds with pharmacological properties: digitonin (5), colchicoside (6), and flavonoid
glycosides.
~0 Citings
3749. Evaluating alternative treatments for HIV infection
By Freeman E M; MacIntyre R C
From The Nursing clinics of North America (1999), 34(1), 147-62, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) offers views of disease and its treatment that may not compatible with
western medicine. In this review of CAM, the authors provide a strategy by which to evaluate CAM in advanced
nursing practice. The strategy is shaped by critiques of how to study CAM in light of the relationships that nurses
share with their patients. Expert nursing knowledge of HIV-infected patients, in combination with acquired
understandings of CAM, offer nurses additional interventions to use in the management of HIV-related symptoms.
~0 Citings
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3750. Use of herbal medicine for treating psychiatric disorders in Japan
By Kanba S; Yamada K; Mizushima H; Asai M
From Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences (1998), 52 SupplS331-3, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Alongside the Western pharmacotherapy that is now the major medical modality in Japan, we continue to offer a
number of traditional remedies. We prefer to allow patients to choose between these two approaches, after explaining
the advantages and potential adverse effects of each. Research into the traditional treatments continues, and we now
have a number of studies available concerning the efficacy of oriental herbal medicine (Kampo medicine) in Japan.
There are about 120 different prescriptions available for treatment. Herbs are believed to affect both the psyche and
soma, and Kampo medicine does not differentiate between them. Improvement brought about by herbal medicine is
usually mild and slow, but sometimes very drastic. Side effects are rare. Those that do occur are mostly allergic
reactions to natural substances. Therefore, herbal medicine is especially useful for elderly patients and patients with
physical complications. Prescription is traditionally selected by judging Sho of a patient. Sho is equivalent to a
syndrome, but comprises psycho and somatic symptoms and signs obtained by traditional physical examination that
focuses constitution, general physical condition, pulse, abdominal signs, and examination of the tang. However,
currently modern diagnoses are also applied to deciding upon the prescription. Western physicians can select the
appropriate preparation without having a special knowledge of Oriental medicine.
~1 Citing
3751. Camptothecins: a review of their development and schedules of administration
By O'Leary J; Muggia F M
From European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) (1998), 34(10), 1500-8, Language: English, Database:
MEDLINE
Used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine, camptothecin was rediscovered in the 1950s during a search for
compounds that could be used as a source for steroid synthesis. Due to its limited water solubility, a sodium salt was
used in the early clinical trials. The severe toxicity and erratic absorption relegated this compound to the research
laboratory until the 1980s when the topoisomerase enzyme was identified as the cellular target of camptothecin, the
topoisomerase enzyme was found to be overexpressed in cancer cells and a structure-activity relationship was
determined for camptothecin. These new developments brought the camptothecins back to the clinical setting for
further testing. The various analogues that have been most studied to date include: irinotecan (CPT-11), and its
derivative SN-38, topotecan, and 9-aminocamptothecin. Numerous trials have been conducted in an attempt to
establish the efficacy in various tumour types, to determine the dose-limiting toxicity and to define the optimal schedule
of administration. It seems that large doses of these drugs given on intermittent schedules are not effective. Our
hypothesis is that the camptothecins require a prolonged schedule of administration given continuously at low doses or
frequent intermittent dosing schedules to be most effective. With these schedules, normal haematopoietic cells and
mucosal progenitor cells with low topoisomerase I levels may be spared, while efficacy is preserved.
~9 Citings
3752. Current status and prospect of research on the treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria with integrated
traditional Chinese and Western medicine
By Ji Y; Zhang Z N
~0 Citings
3753. Present status and prospects of researches on type A behavior
By Zhang S Y; Zhang R Q
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~0 Citings
3754. The acupuncture system and the liquid crystalline collagen fibers of the connective tissues
By Ho M W; Knight D P
We propose that the acupuncture system and the DC body field detected by western scientists both in here in the
continuum of liquid crystalline collagen fibers that make up the bulk of the connective tissues. Bound water layers on
the collagen fibers provide proton conduction pathways for rapid intercommunication throughout the body, enabling the
organism to function as a coherent whole. This liquid crystalline continuum mediates hyperreactivity to allergens and
the body's responsiveness to different forms of subtle energy medicine. It constitutes a "body consciousness" working
in tandem with the "brain consciousness" of the nervous system. We review supporting evidence from biochemistry,
cell biology, biophysics and neurophysiology, and suggest experiments to test our hypothesis.
~2 Citings
3755. Traditional and evidence-based acupuncture: history, mechanisms, and present status
By Ulett G A; Han J; Han S
From Southern medical journal (1998), 91(12), 1115-20, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
BACKGROUND: In 1983, the Southern Medical Journal advised its readers that a scientific basis might underlie the
popular practice of ancient Chinese acupuncture. Recent studies have proven this to be correct, and a 1997 National
Institutes of Health consensus panel recommended acupuncture as a useful clinical procedure. METHODS: Pertinent
articles in the literature were reviewed, including our own research. Significantly, we had access to recent important
studies from China. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Most of the 10,000 acupuncturists in the country today practice
metaphysically explained "meridian theory" acupuncture using needles to supposedly remove blockages of a
hypothesized substance "Qi." Scientific research has shown that healing is not by manipulating Qi but rather by
neuroelectric stimulation for the gene expression of neuropeptides. Needles are not necessary. Evidence-based
neuroelectric acupuncture requires no metaphysical rituals. It is a simple, useful clinical tool for pain modulation and
other conditions and can be easily taught to physicians.
~1 Citing
3756. Traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of dermatologic disorders
By Koo J; Arain S
From Archives of dermatology (1998), 134(11), 1388-93, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an alternative method of therapy that can be administered in oral, topical, or
injectable forms. It emphasizes the importance of using many herbs that are combined in different formulations for
each individual patient. Among some segments of the patient population, it has become increasingly popular as a
mode for treating dermatologic diseases. As a result, it is now worthwhile for dermatologists throughout the West to
gain some familiarity with this method. Yet, dermatologists are largely unfamiliar with TCM and may possess some
misconceptions. We attempt to give a general overview of TCM through the discussion of different clinical studies
involving various TCMs. Some proposed mechanisms of action of TCM are also presented. A discussion of adverse
effects, including hepatotoxic effects and the need for close monitoring is discussed. A warning regarding the possible
contamination of TCMs is also included. Since it is not possible to discuss the application of TCM for every skin
disorder, psoriasis and atopic dermatitis are used as the prototype in illustrating the use of TCM. In the future, perhaps
a better understanding of TCM will be gained through more systematic analysis and controlled studies with a placebo
arm. It is our hope that this article will provide an overview of the efficacy, mechanism of action, as well as adverse
effects of TCM.
~3 Citings
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3757. Recent advances on bioactive natural products from Chinese medicinal plants
By Qin G W; Xu R S
From Medicinal research reviews (1998), 18(6), 375-82, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
China has accumulated a rich body of empirical knowledge of the use of medicinal plants for the treatment of various
diseases throughout its long history. Chemical studies on Chinese medicinal plants provide a valuable material base
for the discovery and development of new drugs of natural origin. In this article recent chemical work on various
Chinese medicinal plants is reviewed, including Mussaenda pubescens (Rubiaceae), Isatis indigotica (Cruciferae),
Euphorbia fischeriana, and E. ebracteolata (Euphorbiaceae), and Stemona species (Stemonaceae). The structural
diversity of the medicinal chemical constituents of the above plants is discussed.
~2 Citings
3758. Progress in the treatment of acute leukemia with traditional Chinese medicine
By Li H Y
~0 Citings
3759. Chinese herbs: a clinical review of Astragalus, Ligusticum, and Schizandrae
By Sinclair S
MEDLINE
Although Astragalus, Ligusticum and Schizandrae have a long history of medicinal use within the traditional Chinese
system, only recently has the West begun to understand their pharmacological possibilities and clinical applications.
Astragalus has demonstrated a wide range of immunopotentiating effects and has proven efficacious as an adjunct
cancer therapy. Ligusticum, and its active components, have been investigated for enhancement of the immune
system, treatment of ischemic disorders, and as an anti-inflammatory. Clinically, the hepato-protective and antioxidant
actions of Schizandrae have proven beneficial in the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis.
~2 Citings
3760. Herbal medicine for periodontal diseases
By Cao C F; Sun X P
From International dental journal (1998), 48(3 Suppl 1), 316-22, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a treasure-house which has shown miraculous clinical effects. It has aroused
tremendous interests in elucidating its mechanisms both in China and abroad. This paper presents a review of
published articles on the effects and mechanisms of herbal medicine on periodontal disease. Specifically, two
modifications of an ancient compound prescription were serially studied, Guchiwan (Tooth-firming pills) and Guchigao
(Tooth-firming extract). Some in vitro studies have shown suppressive effects of various herbal extracts on bone
resorption by isolated osteoclasts. TCM should be intensively studied for their possible use in periodontics.
~1 Citing
3761. The state of health and provision of health care in Hong Kong
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By Morley A P; Greengross P; Oh T E
From Hospital medicine (London, England : 1998) (1998), 59(6), 457-60, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
In 1997, Hong Kong became a Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China. The new government
took control of a Western style health-care system and a population whose health is comparable to the rest of the
developed world. This article describes the existing health-care system, the state of public health and some of the
challenges and opportunities facing the new administration.
~0 Citings
3762. Adjustment function of life message apparatus type SMS-03
By Zheng X W
~0 Citings
3763. Progress in the pathogenic studies of Alzheimer's disease and its therapeutic approach
By Shen Z Y; Hu G R
~0 Citings
3764. Recent development in the treatment of repeated respiratory infection in child
By Zhang Z J
~0 Citings
3765. The effects of Aconitum alkaloids on the central nervous system
By Ameri A
From Progress in neurobiology (1998), 56(2), 211-35, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
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Preparations of Aconitum roots are employed in Chinese and Japanese medicine for analgesic, antirheumatic and
neurological indications. The recent surge in use of phytomedicine derived from traditional Chinese medicine as well
as increasing concerns about possible toxic effects of these compounds have inspired a great deal of research into the
mechanisms by which certain Aconitum alkaloids may act on the central nervous system. The pharmacological effects
of preparations of Aconitum roots are attributed to several diterpenoid alkaloids. The main alkaloid of these plants is
aconitine, a highly toxic diterpenoid alkaloid which is known to suppress the inactivation of voltage-dependent Na+
channels by binding to neurotoxin binding site 2 of the alpha-subunit of the channel protein. In this article the
pharmacology of several structurally related Aconitum alkaloids is highlighted and their therapeutic vs toxic potential is
discussed. Neurochemical and neurophysiological studies will be reviewed with emphasis on the effects of the
alkaloids in regions of the brain that have been implicated in pain transmission and generation of epileptic activity.
Considering the chemical structure of the Aconitum alkaloids as well as their mechanism of action, a subdivision in
three groups becomes obvious: the first group comprises such alkaloids which possess high toxicity due to two ester
boundings at the diterpene skeleton. The members of this group activate voltage-dependent sodium channels already
at resting potential and inhibit noradrenaline reuptake. Activation of sodium channels and in consequence excessive
depolarization with final inexcitability and suppression of pain transmission account for their antinociceptive properties.
The second group comprises less toxic monoesters which have been shown to possess strong antinociceptive,
antiarrhythmic and antiepileptiform properties due to a blockade of the voltage-dependent sodium channel.
Electrophysiological studies have revealed a use-dependent inhibition of neuronal activity by these alkaloids. They
seem to be competitive antagonists of the group I-alkaloids. The third group of Aconitum alkaloids are lacking an ester
side chain in the molecule. Toxicity is markedly reduced when compared with the two other groups. They fail to affect
neuronal activity, but are reported to have antiarrhythmic actions suggesting that they may have different affinities to
various subtypes of the alpha-subunit of the Na+ channel in brain and heart.
~4 Citings
3766. Complementary therapy and infertility: an Icelandic perspective
By Veal L
Complementary therapists take a more holistic view of inferitility treatment than do allopathic health professionals.
Lifestyle and nutritional factors may be considered and possibly changed, and psychological and emotional problems
such as stress will be treated. Hormonal imbalance in both sexes may be treated with Chinese herbal mixtures such
as Hachimijiogan, herbs such as Vitex agnus-castus, or a blend of essential oils designed to treat amenorrhoea or
scanty/irregular periods. Herbalists, practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine, aromatherpists, homeopaths and
Ayurvedic practitioners all have a range of treatments for infertile people.
~0 Citings
3767. In vivo antiinfluenza virus activity of Kampo medicine Sho-seiryu-to through mucosal immune system
By Yamada H; Nagai T
From Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology (1998), 20(3), 185-92, Language: English,
Database: MEDLINE
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The Kampo (Japanese herbal) medicine, Sho-seiryu-to, which has traditionally been used for the treatment of colds
and bronchial asthma, showed potent antiinfluenza A and B virus activity through augmentation of production of
antiviral IgA antibody in the nasal and bronchoalveolar cavities of mice when administrated orally before viral infection.
Sho-seiryu-to also showed antiinfluenza virus activity against A virus H1N1 subtype infected in aged mice
(approximately 6 months old) with an increase of antiviral IgA antibody in the bronchoalveolar wash of the treated mice
by similar administration. When mice infected with mouse nonadapted influenza A virus H3N2 subtype before 14 days
were secondarily infected with mouse adapted A/PR/8 (H1N1) virus and administered Sho-seiryu-to orally after the
second infection, replication of the virus in both nasal and bronchoalveolar cavities was significantly inhibited. Shoseiryu-to had no effect on the mice which were not primed with mouse nonadapted virus when administered after the
infection of mouse-adapted A/PR/8 virus. Oral administration of Sho-seiryu-to caused increment of viral-specific IgA
antibody secreting cells in mouse nasal lymphocyte. Sho-seiryu-to also augmented IL-2 receptor beta chain+ T-cells in
Peyer's patch of the infected mice. Sho-seiryu-to also significantly reduced viral titer in the nasal washes of the
infected ovalbumin-sensitized bronchial asthma model mice. Oral administration of Sho-seiryu-to before and after
vaccination significantly augmented hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody in the serum by nasal inoculation of influenza
HA vaccine, and significantly augmented nasal antiviral IgA antibody and bronchoalveolar and serum antiviral IgG
antibodies even after secondary vaccination although induction of antiviral antibody by intranasal vaccination was
insufficient without Sho-seiryu-to. These results suggest that Sho-seiryu-to is able to prevent influenza virus infection
by cross-protection of subtypes of influenza A virus and B virus. Sho-seiryu-to is also useful for the treatment of
influenza virus infection in hosts with a history of influenza virus infection and/or influenza vaccination and allergic
pulmonary inflammation, such as bronchial asthma, and can be used as an adjuvant to nasally inoculated influenza HA
vaccine.
~0 Citings
3768. The liver in traditional Chinese medicine
By Chen T S; Chen P S
From Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology (1998), 13(4), 437-42, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Medical thinkers in China visualized the liver in microcosmal and macrocosmal terms. An anatomical tradition did not
exist, hence the liver was described grossly in broad outline. It was recognized as being functionally important in the
movement of qi (vital energy) and storage of xue ('blood'). The liver corresponded to various phenomena in both the
natural and social orders, according to the scheme of yin yang and five phases. These interrelationships provided the
basis for the diagnosis and treatment of liver dysfunctions. The disorders fell into three general groups: (i) hepatic qi
stasis; (ii) hepatic yang excess with yin deficiency; and (iii) hepatic yin insufficiency. The signs and symptoms
represented the logical outcomes of the disturbed physiology. Acupuncture, moxibustion and herbal drugs were used
to redress the imbalance of hepatic qi and yin-yang. The impact of Western medicine led traditional authors to
recognize the hepatobiliary role in bile secretion and in jaundice. The exchange between the Western and Chinese
medical traditions revealed that active agents were included in the Chinese formulary, such as glycyrrhizin, which has
recently been shown to be beneficial in chronic viral hepatitis.
~0 Citings
3769. Chinese medicine users in the United States. Part II: Preferred aspects of care
By Cassidy C M
Database: MEDLINE
OBJECTIVES: While a limited amount of data describe who seeks Chinese medicine care and for what conditions,
there have been few attempts to explain what users think the care does for them, or why they value and "like" the care.
This article presents such data via an analysis of a sample of 460 handwritten stories collected as part of a mixed
quantitative qualitative survey of 6 acupuncture clinics in 5 states. RESULTS: Quantitative data collected in this
survey (Part I) showed that respondents were highly satisfied with their Chinese medicine care. The qualitative
analysis found that respondents valued relief of presenting complaints as well as expanded effects of care including
improvements in physiological and psychosocial adaptivity. In addition, respondents reported enjoying a close
relationship with their Chinese medicine practitioner, learning new things, and feeling more able to guide their own lives
and care for themselves. While these factors mesh well with Chinese medicine theory, respondents did not reveal
familiarity with that theory. Instead, their language and experiences indicate familiarity with an holistic model of
healthcare--and they seem to have experienced Chinese medicine care as holistic care. CONCLUSIONS: This finding
matters because it shows that respondents are not seeking an 'exotic' kind of healthcare, but are utilizing a
homegrown, if nonmainstream, model of healthcare. The finding also matters because it shows that an holistic health
delivery model is not only feasible, but currently exists in the United States: how Chinese medicine practitioners are
trained, and how they subsequently deliver their care, could serve as a model for American healthcare reform.
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~6 Citings
3770. Folk belief, illness behavior and mental health in Taiwan
By Wen J K
From Changgeng yi xue za zhi / Changgeng ji nian yi yuan = Chang Gung medical journal / Chang Gung Memorial
Hospital (1998), 21(1), 1-12, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
In this paper, an overview of the literature relevant to the issues of illness behavior and help-seeking behavior in
relation to mental health and illness, focusing on the Taiwan area is presented. Arguments for the prioritization and
appreciation of the folk perspective of mental illness and health are addressed. The traditional medical beliefs in the
Chinese culture that emphasize integration and continuity, instead of differentiation, of/between body and mind, person
and nature, nature and super-nature, the visible (with form) and the invisible (without form), and yang and yin, have laid
the basis for the theoretical framework of somatization as normative illness behavior rather than psychologization, and
also dissociation as normative illness behavior rather than repression. A case report on folk psychotherapy is given
here to illustrate the argument. The continuum models illustrated in this paper, either the shen-kuei syndrome in its
broad sense extending from koro to neurasthenia, frigophobia or the spirit possession syndrome in its broad sense
extending from the pathological and peripheral (Hsieh-ping) to the normative and ritual (shamanism), could well remind
us of the powerful influence of the folk and popular contexts of culture that underlie illness behavior in relation to
mental health in Taiwan.
~0 Citings
3771. Health care systems in transition. II. Taiwan, Part I. A general overview of the health care system in Taiwan
By Liu C T
From Journal of public health medicine (1998), 20(1), 5-10, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
~1 Citing
3772. Research and development of cancer chemopreventive agents in China
By Rui H
From Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement (1997), 277-11, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Since the late 1970s, a comprehensive search for cancer chemopreventive agents has been established in our
Institute. A series of new retinoids have been synthesized and screened on the basis of established methodologies of
experimental chemoprevention in vitro as well as in vivo. Pharmacological studies demonstrated that N-4(carboxyphenyl)retinamide (RII) induces cell differentiation of HL-60 cells and inhibits dimethylnitrosamine-induced
carcinogenesis of the forestomach in mice, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced papilloma in mouse skin,
and DMBA-induced carcinogenesis of the buccal pouch in Syrian golden hamsters. It significantly promoted
lymphoblastic transformation and activated macrophages. In further studies, RII significantly inhibited ornithine
decarboxylase activity. After 6 months of chronic toxicological studies in rats and dogs, RII was recommended for
clinical trial. Phase II studies found that RII is effective in treating oral and vulvar leukoplakia. It is also effective in
treating myelodysplastic syndrome and dysplasia of uterine cervix. The chalcone retinoidal compounds were
discovered when the search for new retinoids with less toxicity and higher potency led to third-generation retinoids,
which were synthesized and screened. Structure-activity relationship studies found that 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxy-4carboxyl chalcone (R9158) is the most active inhibitor of a variety of cancer cells. It has no effect on the Colony
Forming Unit-Granulocyte/Macrophage (CFU-GM) of bone marrow in mice. In in vivo studies, R9158 showed a
remarkable inhibition of chondrosarcoma in rats. It had no cross-resistance to vincristine, but was cross-resistant to
all-trans retinoic acid. Red ginseng, a processed Panax ginseng, is considered a typical tonic in traditional Chinese
medicine. Our studies demonstrated that red ginseng extract inhibited DMBA-induced skin papilloma significantly.
Experiments showed that glycyrrhetinic acid inhibited croton oil-induced ear edema in mice. It also inhibited epidermal
ornithine decarboxylase as well as the rapid DNA damage induced by the carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). Our
pharmacological studies demonstrated that Chinese gallotannin inhibited the malignant transformation of B[a]Pinduced V79 cells in vitro and B[a]P-induced pulmonary adenoma in A/J mice in vivo significantly.
~0 Citings
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3773. Chromatography of medicinal plants and Chinese traditional medicines
By Li F; Sun S; Wang J; Wang D
From Biomedical chromatography : BMC (1998), 12(2), 78-85, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Applications of chromatographic techniques to medicinal plants and Chinese traditional medicines are outlined in this
review. Areas involved are quantitation of active principles or index or principal components; quality evaluation of
crude drugs; identification, characterization and preparative isolation of new compounds for medical use from plants;
analysis of pharmaceutical preparations of plant origin and pharmacokinetic and pharmacological studies of herbal
drugs and their preparations.
~0 Citings
3774. Current opinion of muco-active drug research: strategies and problems
By Miyata T; Kai H; Isohama Y; Takahama K
From The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology
(1998), 11(2), 480-91, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
In general, mucoactive drugs are classified into several groups. However, since many drugs have overlapping effects,
it is difficult to classify the drugs into groups based on their major actions. It has been reported that many mucoactive
drugs have antioxidant effects. It is reasonable to suggest that an anti-inflammatory property is crucial to demonstrate
effectiveness in a clinical context. From this point of view, we have evaluated several mucoactive drugs over two
decades. Of these, we will consider the following drugs with anti-inflammatory properties: sodium aceneuramate;
glucocorticoids; traditional Chinese medicines; and new cysteine derivatives. On the basis of these findings, we
believe that the efforts to seek for compatible actions between glucocorticoids and oriental medicines may provide new
opportunities for development of ideal mucoactive drugs with specified actions, i.e. suppression of gene expression.
~0 Citings
3775. Shiatsu
By Stevensen C
Shiatsu is a deep and effective hands-on treatment for many conditions as well as being very relaxing and providing
support for general health and well-being. Through the balancing of the body's energy, better physiological and
psychological functioning can occur. Recommendations for diet and lifestyle based on traditional Chinese medicine
theory can also be offered, according to individual need. The 3-year part-time training in shiatsu is demanding but
enables the nurse using shiatsu to offer a particularly beneficial complementary therapy.
~0 Citings
3776. Herbal medicines in Hawaii from tradition to convention
By Norton S A
From Hawaii medical journal (1998), 57(1), 382-6, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
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The stories of kava and chaulmoogra demonstrate the importance of herbal products in ancient and recent Hawaiian
medicine. Kava is a psychoactive beverage that has been used ceremonially for millennia throughout the Pacific. It is
a nonfermented depressant that causes tranquil intoxication in which thoughts and memory remain clear. Its broad
pharmacologic activity led to use in Hawaii to treat skin disorders and later in Germany to treat gonorrhea. Kava is
now available outside the Pacific basin as a relaxant, emerging as a popular, albeit deritualized, natural product. In the
late 19th century, the main treatment for leprosy was chaulmoogra, extracted from Hydnocarpus seeds. Chaulmoogra
had been a traditional treatment for skin diseases in Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine. Chaulmoogra from Asian
markets was expensive and usually adulterated so the USDA decided to plant Hydnocarpus in Hawaii. Joseph Rock, a
botanist at University of Hawaii, trekked through southeast Asia collecting fresh seeds to plant on Oahu. Rock's trees
provided chaulmoogra for leprosy patients on Molokai and elsewhere until it was replaced by dapsone. Chaulmoogra,
once the treatment for leprosy worldwide, is now nearly forgotten; kava, once poorly known outside the Pacific, is now
a widely-used alternative medicine. Hawaii will probably continue its role in the transition of plants from traditional use
to conventional use.
~2 Citings
3777. Eating disorders in Japan: a review of the literature
By Nogami Y
From Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences (1997), 51(6), 339-46, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Although a form of eating disorders had been described by Kampo (Chinese traditional medicine) physicians during the
last quarter of the 18th century, the modern study on eating disorders in Japan dates from the end of the 1950s. With
the rapid increase in the number of cases, research activities have become very active recently. Both the past and
present status of eating disorders and of research activities relating to them in Japan are not well known in other
countries. This study concentrates on a review of the literature, with a focus on prevalence, etiology, and symptoms.
~0 Citings
3778. Kudzu root: an ancient Chinese source of modern antidipsotropic agents
By Keung W M; Vallee B L
From Phytochemistry (1998), 47(4), 499-506, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Kudzu (Pueraria lobata) is one of the earliest medicinal plants used in traditional Chinese medicine. It has many
profound pharmacological actions including antidipsotropic (antialcohol abuse) activity. Although both the roots and
flowers of kudzu, Radix and Flos puerariae, respectively, have been used to treat alcohol abuse safely and effectively
in China for more than a millennium, their true efficacy, active constituents, sites and mechanisms of action have never
been critically examined. Recently, we have demonstrated that a crude extract of Radix puerariae suppresses the
free-choice ethanol intake of ethanol-preferring golden Syrian hamsters and have identified two of its isoflavones,
daidzin and daidzein, that account for this effect. Since then, we and other investigators have confirmed these findings
in rats that were either trained or genetically bred to prefer and consume large amounts of ethanol. This article
summarizes recent progress on the pharmacological and biochemical studies of the antidipsotropic isoflavones
isolated from Radix puerariae.
~3 Citings
3779. The role of shiatsu in palliative care
By Stevensen C
Shiatsu is a form of Japanese massage, working on the meridian system of the body; the energetic pathways along
which the acupuncture points are placed. The theory for shiatsu is based in the system of traditional Chinese
medicine, understood in China for over 2000 years. Shiatsu can be valuable for reintegrating the body, mind and spirit,
helping with the general energy level of the body as well as specific symptoms. Its role in western palliative care is
little studied to date. This paper explores the potential benefits of shiatsu in this setting and cites a case example
where it has been beneficial. Feelings of deep relaxation, support and increased vitality are common following a
shiatsu treatment. The method, strength and frequency of treatment can be varied to suit individual need. Shiatsu
should be considered when thinking of complementary methods of support in palliative care.
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3780. Complementary medicine: a review of immunomodulatory effects of Chinese herbal medicines
By Borchers A T; Hackman R M; Keen C L; Stern J S; Gershwin M E
From The American journal of clinical nutrition (1997), 66(6), 1303-12, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Popular demand for and scientific interest in complementary or alternative medicine, particularly medicinal botanicals,
has increased considerably in recent years. The medicinal botanicals with the longest tradition, and for which
extensive data are available, are Chinese herbal medicines and their Japanese counterparts--Kampo medicines. This
review focuses on some representative examples of studies examining the effects of some traditional Chinese
medicines on various aspects of the immune response. In vitro as well as in vivo studies are cited, the latter including
not only animal experiments but also clinical trials. Although by no means exhaustive, this review attempts to show
that much research has focused on the specific beneficial effects of Chinese herbal medicines. Studies examining the
mechanisms by which they exert their immunomodulatory actions, however, are found much less frequently.
Nonetheless, even the limited number of mechanistic experiments presented here reveal that numerous mechanisms
are likely involved in the various actions of even a single medicine. It will be the elucidation of such mechanisms that
will provide the scientific basis for establishing the efficacy and safety of not only Chinese herbal medicines but all
forms of medicinal botanicals.
~0 Citings
3781. Acupuncture in asthma and pulmonary disease: an analysis of efficacy and safety
By Jobst K A
From Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.) (1996), 2(1), 179-206; discussion 207-10,
~1 Citing
3782. Social context of complementary medicine in Western society, Part II: traditional Chinese medicine and HIV illness
By Oubre A
Database: MEDLINE
~0 Citings
3783. Advances in treatment of epilepsy with traditional Chinese medicine
By Wang Q
Database: MEDLINE
~0 Citings
3784. Recent development of traditional Chinese medicine in prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis
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By Shi D; Chen K
Database: MEDLINE
~0 Citings
3785. Analysis and counter measure prevention and treatment of osteoporosis with traditional Chinese medicine
By Huang H C; Chen X H
~0 Citings
3786. Survey on modern researches of traditional Chinese medicine therapy of infantile nephrotic syndrome and its
mechanism
By Lu J; Li X M; Li Z J
Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1996), 16(7), 4446, 448, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE
~0 Citings
3787. Traditional Chinese medicine for hemorrhage
By Hobbs V
From Midwifery today with international midwife (1997), (43), 30-4, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
~0 Citings
3788. Panax ginseng pharmacology: a nitric oxide link?
By Gillis C N
From Biochemical pharmacology (1997), 54(1), 1-8, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Panax ginseng is used in traditional Chinese medicine to enhance stamina and capacity to cope with fatigue and
physical stress. Major active components are the ginsenosides, which are mainly triterpenoid dammarane derivatives.
The mechanisms of ginseng actions remain unclear, although there is an extensive literature that deals with effects on
the CNS (memory, learning, and behavior), neuroendocrine function, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, immune
function, and the cardiovascular system. Reports are often contradictory, perhaps because the ginsenoside content of
ginseng root or root extracts can differ, depending on the method of extraction, subsequent treatment, or even the
season of its collection. Therefore, use of standardized, authentic ginseng root both in research and by the public is to
be advocated. Several recent studies have suggested that the antioxidant and organ-protective actions of ginseng are
linked to enhanced nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in endothelium of lung, heart, and kidney and in the corpus cavernosum.
Enhanced NO synthesis thus could contribute to ginseng-associated vasodilatation and perhaps also to an aphrodisiac
action of the root. Ginseng is sold in the U.S. as a food additive and thus need not meet specific safety and efficacy
requirements of the Food and Drug Administration. Currently, such sales amount to over $300 million annually. As
public use of ginseng continues to grow, it is important for this industry and Federal regulatory authorities to encourage
efforts to study the efficacy of ginseng in humans by means of appropriately designed double-blind clinical studies.
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~18 Citings
3789. Review and prospect of making blood-stasis animal model
By Zhang W H; Zha L L
~0 Citings
3790. Modern research on the types of hypertension in traditional Chinese medicine
By Xia Y S; Chen K J
~0 Citings
3791. Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome--a challenge for dermatologists to participate in the field of oral medicine
By Hornstein O P
From The Journal of dermatology (1997), 24(5), 281-96, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome (MRS) is a neuro-muco-cutaneous disorder involving remittently both the oro-facial
innervation and muco-cutaneous tissues in a pathosis of complex origin characterized by recurrent edema, facial or
other palsies, and nerval dysfunctions frequently associated with plicated tongue. Biopsies taken from the edematous
tissues often reveal a temporary pattern of moderate epitheloid granulomatous inflammation scattered scarcely within
remarkable tissue edema. However, this histological pattern is not a prerequisite for the diagnosis of MRS. The
disease usually runs an intermittent and unpredictable course over years or decades and may have, if the edemas
involve the tongue or the central nervous system, an ambiguous outcome. Greatly disfiguring oro-facial swellings often
result from secondary persistence of the primarily recurrent edemas. A classification on grounds of different 'major'
and 'minor signs' of MRS is proposed in the present paper. In recent years, novel therapeutic approaches involving
either oral clofazimine or laser beam acupuncture (according to the principles of traditional Chinese medicine) have
proven to be successful in some cases of MRS. Dermatology could play a larger role in oral medicine by taking
diseases such as MRS into account in studies among specialties dealing with oro-facial pathoses.
~1 Citing
3792. Historical development of Chinese dietary patterns and nutrition from the ancient to the modern society
By Chen J D; Xu H
From World review of nutrition and dietetics (1996), 79133-53, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
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Actually, food, diet and diet therapy germinated together with the change of meal patterns and traditional Chinese
medicine from very ancient China; they appeared in an embryonic form till the Shang and Zhou Dynasties and received
great importance from the governors who arranged officials to manage their diets and banquets. Moreover, food, diet
and meal patterns were replenished through the Zhou, Qin, Han and Jin Dynasties and epitomized and reached
thriving and prosperous standards till the Tang Dynasty. They then became perfected, developed, and formed a
complete theory in the dynasties of Song, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing. The basis of modern nutrition was made up until
the end of 19th century and the beginning of 20th century, which was the time when natural science, including
microbiology, chemistry, food industry, etc. were extended into China, yet it was not fully formed until the established of
the People's Republic of China. Practicing, teaching, training and research activities started regularly in 1950. With a
big population and poor economy basis, the first problem that the Chinese people has now been basically solved.
Chinese nutritional scientists worked hard to find out the nutritional problems and status of the people. Through the
broad-scale 'Nationwide Nutrition Survey', we now understand our main problems. On this basis, RDA, dietary goal
and dietary guidance have been put forward. Although the problem of adequate food and clothing has been basically
solved, the Chinese are still facing both the problem of nutrition insufficiency and nutrition excess. However, although
nutrition insufficiency and deficiency still extensively exist, nutrition excess and imbalance are emerging in other
sections of the population. There is still a shortage of qualified nutritional scientists and technicians, and the training of
nutritionists is urgent. Food supplies, including milk, beef, green vegetables and fruit should be increased, especially
for some rural and remote areas. The good traditional eating habits and meal patterns should be kept, e.g., breakfast
and lunch cannot be neglected, and plant protein meals and Chinese medicinal diets should be promoted. Animals fat
intake and fried foods should be reduced, and exercise and fitness programs should be recommended for the
overweight population. In the future, our meal pattern take on a mixed form with the advantages of both the eastern
and western diets. Chinese scientists are confident of solving the nutritional problems and improving the whole
nation's physical fitness and physique under the situation of gradual improvements of the economy and nutritional
status of people.
~1 Citing
3793. Functional food in China
By Dai Y; Luo X
From Nutrition reviews (1996), 54(11 Pt 2), S21-3, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
~0 Citings
3794. The eastern perspective on functional foods based on traditional Chinese medicine
By Weng W; Chen J
From Nutrition reviews (1996), 54(11 Pt 2), S11-6, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
~0 Citings
3795. Traditional Chinese medicine and treatment of neonatal jaundice
By Ho N K
From Singapore medical journal (1996), 37(6), 645-51, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
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OBJECTIVE: Treatment with herbs may increase the risk of neonatal jaundice (NNJ). It is logical to look into the
current practice in some hospitals in China where herbs are being used in the treatment of NNJ. It is also the purpose
of this study to find out the chemical constituents and actions of the herbs, and the rationale of the treatment.
METHODS: Twenty reports, from 1973 to 1989, from different parts of China, come in a published book and the
paediatric journals written in the Chinese language. The Zhong Yao Da Zi Dian, an encyclopedia of Chinese materia
medica, and other books on the pharmacology and applications of Chinese materia medica were also referred to in the
study. FINDINGS: Yin-chen (oriental wormwood or Artemisia) was the most commonly used herbs for NNJ (95%).
Others were Da-huang (rhubarb or Rheum officinale), Huang-qin (skullcap root or Scutellaria), Gan-cao (licorice or
glycyrrhiza) and Huang-lian (goldthread rhizome or Copts chinesis). Huang-lian, which contains the alkaloid berberine,
was used in 4 centers (20%). Berberine can cause severe acute hemolysis in babies with G6PD deficiency. Currently,
Yin-chen comes as a decoction Artemisia composita and an intravenous preparation. These preparations have
potential central nervous system and cardiovascular toxicities. CONCLUSIONS: Chinese herbs have many
pharmacological substances and therefore multiple actions. In recent years, Chinese herbs are used in conjunction
with "Western" drugs, rendering the study of the effects of herbs on NNJ extremely difficult. The efficacy and safety of
phototherapy for NNJ have been firmly established, thus diminishing the need for drug treatment. What is the present
day role, therefore, of herbal medicine for NNJ? Is there a place for further research of these herbal medicines?
~2 Citings
3796. The difficulty in handling poisonings associated with Chinese traditional medicine: a poison control center
experience for 1991-1993
By Deng J F; Lin T J; Kao W F; Chen S S
From Veterinary and human toxicology (1997), 39(2), 106-14, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
The purpose of this prospective case series was to outline the characteristics of Chinese traditional medicine
poisonings and develop essential information for poison prevention and management. All phone inquiries made to the
Poison Center related to Chinese traditional medicines from January 1, 1991 to December 31, 1993 were included.
Standardized questionnaires were used to capture relevant information. Among the 318 phone inquiries about
Chinese traditional medicines, 273 cases were classified as poisonings; and 22 mortalities occurred (6.9%). All of the
poisonings occurred because of suicide attempts, accidents, or erroneous or improper use or processing. In our study,
47% of the potential toxic effects of Chinese traditional medicines were either unknown or could not be found in the
literature. There existed undefinable uncertainty in attributing the clinical effects to the exposures to Chinese traditional
medicines. We recommend that the strategy in handling Chinese traditional medicine poisonings to decrease mortality
should be comprised of confirmation of the generic name of the substances and the specific part of the plant used,
awareness of improper processing methods, maintenance of records on a broad review of systems and laboratory
data, identification of active principles and potential interactions among the individual active agents; verification of
histopathologic effects of the toxins; development of information on toxicodynamics and toxicokinetics; intensive
supportive care for poisoned patients, and investigation of potential antidotes. There are several regulatory options
available to health authorities to control the unrestricted use of these potentially toxic medicines and to help safeguard
the public.
~1 Citing
3797. Alternative therapies for asthma
By Ziment I
From Current opinion in pulmonary medicine (1997), 3(1), 61-71, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Many traditional drugs and techniques are gaining popularity in the treatment of asthma, although scientific proof of
their value is usually inadequate. Alternative remedies, including herbs and nonmedication management techniques,
have not been shown to be useful primary measures, but they still appeal to patients who feel unsatisfied with orthodox
medicines. Dietary modification may be worth considering; evidence suggests that salt reduction and magnesium
supplementation have value in reducing asthmatic symptoms. The evidence on the role of steroid-sparing agents is
not encouraging, but administering steroids once a day in the mid-afternoon may provide benefit. New aerosol
techniques are appearing, but judgement is needed to select the best device for each medication as well as for each
patient.
~1 Citing
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3798. Concepts related to Chinese patients' perceptions of health, illness and person: issues of conceptual clarity
By Shih F J
From Accident and emergency nursing (1996), 4(4), 208-15, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Since most health professionals who care for Chinese patients are trained using Western medical educational
systems, they are often unaware of the complex Chinese culture that influences their patients' responses to care.
Discrepancies often exist between health professionals' and Chinese patients' perceptions of health and evaluations of
the quality of care. In order to provide culturally sensitive care for this population, the complex Chinese traditional
philosophies, such as the theory of yin and yang and the five phases, as well as the philosophies related to the concept
of personhood including Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism are examined first. This is because these theories and
philosophies not only influence Chinese patients' values and beliefs, but also determine their perceptions of health,
illness and nursing care. The discussion of implications for surgical cardiovascular nursing practice for this particular
population are followed.
~0 Citings
3799. Chemical constituents of original plants of Cimicifugae rhizoma in Chinese medicine
By Sakurai N; Nagai M
From Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan (1996), 116(11), 850-65, Language:
Japanese, Database: MEDLINE
Cimicifugae Rhizoma have been used as an anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic remedy in the traditional
Chinese medicines. Many 9,19-cyclolanostane glycosides have been isolated from Cimicifuga and related genera.
Two biogenetically key compounds, acetylshengmanol xyloside and cimicifugoside H-1, were isolated and their
chemical structures were elucidated by our group. The former compound seems to be the parent component of the
other glycosides such as cimigenol xyloside from C. dahurica, C. iaponica and C. acerina. The latter glycoside,
cimicifugoside H-1 was isolated together with cimicifugosides H-2-H-6 from commercial Cimicifugae Rhizoma. They
are novel glycosides having a hydroxyl group ay C-11, and cimicifugosides H-3, H-4 and H-6 were trinor-triterpenol
glycosides. Cimicifugoside H-1 changed into H-2, H-3 and H-4 under acidic or alkaline conditions. In this review, the
structure elucidation of the above glycosides and their chemical transformation into other Cimicifuga glycosides are
described.
~1 Citing
3800. Perspective and overview of Chinese traditional medicine and contemporary pharmacology
By Way E L; Liu Y Q; Chen C F
From Progress in drug research. Fortschritte der Arzneimittelforschung. Progres des recherches pharmaceutiques
(1996), 47131-64, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
~0 Citings
3801. Studies on bioactive saponins from Chinese medicinal plants
By Xu R; Zhao W; Xu J; Shao B; Qin G
From Advances in experimental medicine and biology (1996), 404371-82, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
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In our recent studies on bioactive saponins, two Chinese medicinal plants: Mussaenda pubescens Ait.f (Rubiaceae)
and Clematis chinensis Osbeck (Ranunculaceae), were investigated. Of the two medicinal plants, M. pubescens is a
Chinese folk medicine which has been used as a diuretic, antiphlogistic, diaphoretic and antipyretic agent, and has
also been used to detoxify mushroom poisons and to terminate early pregnancy. Clematis chinensis is a Chinese
traditional medicine which has been used as an analgesic, diuretic, antitumor, antiinflammatory and insecticidal agent
for ages. As a result of our studies, eighteen saponins were identified from M. pubescens, among which seventeen
were new compounds, while eleven saponins were isolated from C. chinensis, three of which were new compounds.
In the course of our structural studies, mass fragment analysis in FAB-mass spectra and 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra
were used to determine the structures of the sapogenin and oligosaccharide moieties. In those more complicated and
minor saponins, various 2D-NMR experiments were carried out on 400-, 500- or 600-MHz NMR instruments, which
permitted the identification of new sapogenins in glycoside form. In addition, it was also possible to assign all the
proton and carbon signals of the sugar units on the basis of 1H-1H DQF COSY, TOCSY and HMQC spectra, which
further permitted the establishment of linkage sites and sequences among the sugar units and aglycones by means of
NOESY, ROESY and HMBC spectra. When the proton signals of sugar units are overlapped seriously in 1H-NMR
spectra, peracetylation is a very helpful technique which can spread proton signals in wider range, thus simplifying their
assignment by means of 2D-NMR spectra. When some of the sugar proton signals of a peracetylate are also
overlapped coincidentally, alternation of deuterated solvents for measuring NMR spectra can circumvent the
difficulties. Pharmacological tests indicated that mussaendoside O, the most abundant saponin from M. pubescens,
can inhibit significantly the secretions of the lachrymal and salivary glands induced by galanthamine, and can also
inhibit the contraction of the isolated longitudinal muscle strip from guinea pig ileum evoked by an M-Ach receptor
agonist (carbachol, 10(-6) M) at concentrations of 10(-4) and 10(-5) M. From these results, the saponin should be an
antagonist of the M-Ach receptor, and was presumed to be responsible for its antitoxicity activity toward some
mushroom poisons of medicinal plant origin. In addition, mussaendoside O also showed immunopromotive and
hemolytic activities.
~0 Citings
3802. Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of asthma and allergies
By But P; Chang C
From Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology (1996), 14(3), 253-69, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
~1 Citing
3803. Vascular effects of selected antihypertensive drugs derived from traditional medicinal herbs
By Kwan C Y
From Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology. Supplement (1995), 22(1), S297-9, Language: English,
Database: MEDLINE
1. The pharmacological actions of the active ingredients extracted or purified from two selected traditional Chinese
medicinal plants on vascular smooth muscles are briefly reviewed. The active ingredients of these herbal drugs
include tetrandrine (TET) and total ginseng saponins (TGS). These natural products have been clinically used in China
for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases due to their vasodilatory and antihypertensive actions. 2. Studies from this
laboratory have confirmed previously reported characteristics of these drugs as Ca2+ antagonists in vascular tissues.
On the other hand, they also elicited inhibitory effects in response to a wide variety of receptor stimulations as
indicated by contractility studies using isolated vascular tissues and radioligand binding studies using isolated
subcellular membranes. 3. TET has been demonstrated as an effective but not very selective Ca2+ antagonist. Other
than the vasodilatory action on arteries and veins, TET also shows a vasoconstrictive effect in veins. 4. TGS from
panax notoginseng may be acting as a novel and selective Ca2+ antagonist that does not interact with the L-type Ca2+
channel (e.g. in KCl-induced contraction) but may interact with the putative receptor operated Ca2+ channel (e.g. in
phenylephrine-induced contraction). TGS from panax quinquefolium, on the other hand, enhanced the vasoconstrictor
effect produced by phenylephrine, but not KCl.
~0 Citings
3804. Acupuncture: where East meets West
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By Schulte E
From RN (1996), 59(10), 55-7, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
~0 Citings
3805. Cardiovascular protection by ginsenosides and their nitric oxide releasing action
By Chen X
From Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology (1996), 23(8), 728-32, Language: English, Database:
MEDLINE
1. In an animal model in vivo, ginsenosides (GS), saponins from Panax ginseng, were shown to protect against
myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion damage with concomitant increased 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and decreased lipid
peroxidation. 2. In perfused rabbit lung in situ and isolated rabbit aortic rings, GS protected the pulmonary and aortic
endothelium against electrolysis-induced free radical injury. Purified components of GS, Rb1 and especially Rg1,
relaxed pulmonary vessels and this effect was eliminated by nitro-L-arginine, an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase.
3. In cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells, GS enhanced the conversion of [14C]-L-arginine to [14C]-L-citrulline,
indicating an increased release of NO. 4. As the neurotransmitter inducing penile erection, NO release was shown to
be enhanced by GS in rabbit corpus cavernosum (CC) in vitro. Ginsenosides enhanced both acetylcholine-induced
and transmural nerve stimulation-activated relaxation associated with increased tissue cGMP. The latter effect was
eliminated by tetrodotoxin and was associated with decreased tissue cGMP. Ginsenoside-enhanced CC relaxation
was attenuated by nitro-L-arginine and oxyhaemoglobin, and enhanced by superoxide dismutase. 5. It is postulated
that cardiovascular protection by GS may be partly mediated by the release of NO, a potent antioxidant, and that the
GS-enhanced release of NO from endothelial cells, especially from perivascular nitric oxidergic nerves in the CC, may
partly account for the aphrodisiac effect of Panax ginseng used in traditional Chinese medicine.
~4 Citings
3806. Acupuncture. A review
By Hsu D T
From Regional anesthesia (1996), 21(4), 361-70, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Acupuncture plays an important role in today's multidisciplinary approach to the
treatment of pain. Its initial use, around the fifth century B.C., was based on the fundamentals of traditional Chinese
medicine. Because of the lack of sound, supportive scientific data, the validity of such practice is controversial.
METHODS: A general review of this subject is presented including the history and classical theory behind
acupuncture, needling techniques, precautions and complications, and types of acupuncture. Furthermore, in search
of more scientific data, a review of several basic and clinical research articles was undertaken to evaluate a possible
scientific basis for the mechanism of acupuncture analgesia. Problems and limitations of adequately designed clinical
trials were also addressed. RESULTS: Several lines of evidence support the endorphin-mediated mechanism of
acupuncture analgesia. High- or low-frequency stimulation induced by electrical acupuncture has been shown to
release different types of endorphins. To date, there are flaws in the conventional, scientific, clinical research methods
applied to the evaluation of acupuncture practice for treatment of pain. Some guidelines and suggestions for future
clinical trials are presented. CONCLUSION: Scientific data on acupuncture have been accumulating over the years,
but further adequately designed clinical studies are necessary to provide additional validity for this treatment modality.
~0 Citings
3807. Medical applications of qigong
By Sancier K M
This article reviews selected studies of medical applications of Chinese qigong. The review centers on clinical and
experimental studies to show that qigong exercise can beneficially affect many functions of the body and improve
health. The studies, some conducted in depth, were selected to illustrate that medical applications of qigong are
diverse and that many applications could improve Western healthcare.
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3808. Acupuncture treatment for insomnia and acupuncture analgesia
By Lin Y
Acupuncture is a simple and useful treatment for insomnia, with a success rate of around 90%. The acupuncture
points applied vary depending on the doctor and on the case, but the usual points are Shenmen (HT7) and Anmien
(extrapoint). The mechanism of this treatment has not been well elucidated. Acupuncture analgesia may be used as a
great indicator, because in both practices needles are inserted in deep tissues as the common stimulation. The
possible neuronal integration and transmitter effect in the acupuncture treatment for insomnia are discussed.
~1 Citing
3809. Sleep disorders in Chinese culture: experiences from a study of insomnia in Taiwan
By Lee Y J
Traditional Chinese culture-constituted health beliefs continue to influence the Taiwanese people after more than one
hundred years of contact with Western medicine. Medicine for sleep disorders, as well as psychiatric medicine, meets
some specific difficulties in the professional development. A study of insomnia in Taiwan showed that patients might
seek help from a traditional physician and visit a modern hospital at the same stage of medication. General internists
and neurologists help to differentiate organic conditions underlying sleep problems but may generalize insomnia to a
psychogenic illness. The culture-conditioned attribution of insomnia could also exert certain effects upon
pharmacotherapeutic response.
~0 Citings
3810. The status quo and prospect of experimental study on channel tropism of Chinese herbal drugs
By Liang A; Xue B
21(1), 58-60, inside back cover, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE
The assay of metabolism and distribution of effective components of Chinese herbal drugs, microelement assay,
pharmacodynamic assay and cAMP, cGMP assay are the essential methods usually used in the experimental study of
channel tropism of Chinese herbal drugs. The problems of each method as well as the points for attention in the
experimental study of channel tropism are discussed.
~0 Citings
3811. Research on plasma TXA2, PGI2 levels, blood stasis syndrome and promoting blood circulation
By Li H
~0 Citings
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3812. Progress in the treatment of coronary heart disease with antioxidant of integrated traditional Chinese medicineWestern medicine
By Li A C; Huang Z
~0 Citings
3813. Survey on experimental studies on traditional Chinese medicine treatment of chronic renal failure
By Wang L; Wang M Z
~1 Citing
3814. Progress in studies of chronic exhaustion syndrome and its traditional Chinese medicine therapy
By Yu F T
~0 Citings
3815. Analysis of the pulse harmonic frequency spectrum. A new method of pulse study of traditional Chinese medicine
By Zhang X C; Wang W G; Cheng R Z
~0 Citings
3816. Exploration of clinical study of antileukemia cell drug-resistance by traditional Chinese medicine
By Li D; Yang S L; Lian B
~0 Citings
3817. A critical review of Chinese Koro
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By Cheng S T
Koro is generally considered a culture-bound psychiatric syndrome, the dominant feature of which is anxiety or
dissociation. A close examination of koro epidemics in China, where koro cases appear to be more frequent than other
parts of the world, shows that koro has a sociocultural component which has not been sufficiently taken into account in
previous formulations. This article analyzes koro in the natural environment in which it appears and dispels the notion
of koro being individual psychopathology. Koro, at least the way it is manifested in China, is a social malady
maintained by cultural beliefs which affect the whole community and not just those diagnosed with it. Further directions
for research into the subject are discussed.
~1 Citing
3818. The definition and classification of Koro
By Chowdhury A N
Attempts at defining and classifying Koro have been undertaken by various researchers over at least the last fifty years
without any consensus emerging to date. The occurrence of Koro, not only in different parts of the world but also in
association with varied morbidities, has of late diluted its primary identity as a culture-bound syndrome. Further, the
DSM-IIIR and ICD-10 provisions to include culture-bound syndromes like Koro are open to various diagnostic options.
Consideration was given to have it included in DSM-IV. One of the fundamental problems inherent in such attempts is
the semantic confusion Koro generates in its basic phenomenological analysis. The present paper deals with some of
these issues based on historical analysis of world Koro literature, and with comments on the future research agendum.
~1 Citing
3819. Progress in the studies on traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation of chronic glomerulonephritis with
laboratory findings
By Liu H W; Qi W S
~0 Citings
3820. Taking the path of combining traditional Chinese medicine with Western medicine in cancer research and control
By Yu R
~0 Citings
3821. The language of acupuncture: should Western physicians learn it?
By Erickson J K
From The Pharos of Alpha Omega Alpha-Honor Medical Society. Alpha Omega Alpha (1995), 58(4), 21-5, Language:
~0 Citings
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3822. Chinese Confucian culture and the medical ethical tradition
By Guo Z
From Journal of medical ethics (1995), 21(4), 239-46, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
The Confucian culture, rich in its contents and great in its significance, exerted on the thinking, culture and political life
of ancient China immense influences, unparalleled by any other school of thought or culture. Confucian theories on
morality and ethics, with 'goodness' as the core and 'rites' as the norm, served as the 'key notes' of the traditional
medical ethics of China. The viewpoints of Confucianism on benevolence and material interests, on good and evil, on
kindheartedness, and on character cultivation were all inherited by the medical workers and thus became prominent in
Chinese traditional medical ethics. Hence, it is clear that the medical profession and Confucianism have long shared
common goals in terms of ethics. Influenced by the excellent Confucian thinking and culture, a rather highly-developed
system of Chinese traditional medical ethics emerged with a well-defined basic content, and the system has been
followed and amended by medical professionals of all generations throughout Chinese history. This system, just to
mention briefly, contains concepts such as the need: to attach great importance to the value of life; to do one's best to
rescue the dying and to heal the wounded; to show concern to those who suffer from diseases; to practise medicine
with honesty; to study medical skills painstakingly; to oppose a careless style of work; to comfort oneself in a dignified
manner; to respect local customs and to be polite; to treat patients, noble or humble, equally, and to respect the
academic achievements of others, etc. Of course, at the same time, Confucian culture has its own historical and class
limitations, which exerted negative influences on traditional medical ethics. Now, if we are to keep up with the
development of modern medicine, a serious topic must be addressed. That is how to retain the essence of our
traditional medical ethics so as to maintain historic continuity and yet, at the same time, add on the new contents of
medical ethics so as to incorporate modern features into our system. Therefore, when trying to reform medical practice
in China, we are faced with the urgent need to inherit and promulgate the essence of Confucian ethics--discarding its
obsolete concepts--while at the same time building up the new medical ethics that can meet the requirements of the
outside world and the future.
~1 Citing
3823. Recent advances in pharmacognosy research in China
By Wang Z T; Ng T B; Xu G J
From General pharmacology (1995), 26(6), 1211-24, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
1. Progress made in pharmacognostic research by Chinese investigators in the last decade is summarized herein. 2.
This review covers studies on herbal properties, resources, identification, physicochemical evaluation, cultivation,
breeding, tissue culture, collection, processing, preparation, active principles and pharmacological activities of
traditional and herbal Chinese drugs. 3. As a result of these research activities errors in species identification were
spotted, new drug resources were revealed, new taxa were discovered, crude drugs were analyzed qualitatively and
quantitatively, optimal conditions for cultivation and breeding of plants and animals used as drugs were formulated, the
quality of some drugs was controlled, the drug processing procedures and storage conditions were evaluated, and the
chemistry and pharmacology of a number of crude drugs were elucidated.
~0 Citings
3824. Traditional Chinese herbal medicine
By Zhu Y P; Woerdenbag H J
From Pharmacy world & science : PWS (1995), 17(4), 103-12, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Herbal medicine, acupuncture and moxibustion, and massage are the three major constituent parts of traditional
Chinese medicine. Although acupuncture is well known in many Western countries, Chinese herbal medicine, the
most important part of traditional Chinese medicine, is less well known in the West. This article gives a brief
introduction to the written history, theory, and teaching of Chinese herbal medicine in China. It also describes modern
scientific research into and the quality control of Chinese herbal medicines in China. Some examples of how new
drugs derived from Chinese herbs have been developed on the basis of traditional therapeutic experience are
presented. Finally, the situation of Chinese herbal medicine in the West is discussed.
~1 Citing
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3825. Progress in traditional Chinese medicine
By Chan K
Recently, traditional chinese medicine (TCM) natural products have been used to produce impressive responses in
atopic eczema and related dermatological disorders that have proved resistant to orthodox treatments. The increasing
popularity of TCM natural products has also produced fear about their toxicity and uncertainty about their ingredients.
In the western world, very little is known of the efficacy and safety of TCM, and the legal responsibilities of practitioners
are undefined. In this article Kelvin Chan overviews the TCM practitioners' concepts of how TCM natural products
work and attempts to suggest the pharmacological interpretation of their mechanisms of action. The future of TCM is
discussed by critically assessing the authenticity, quality, toxicity and clinical efficacy of these natural products.
~2 Citings
3826. Progress in the study of bronchial asthma with traditional Chinese medicine
By Li C S; Wang W C; Shen G N
~0 Citings
3827. Recent progress in the study of free radicals in traditional Chinese medicine
By Xu P H; Zhao J H; Li S X
~0 Citings
3828. Progress in the study in treating senile dementia with traditional Chinese medicine
By Chen K; Chen K J
~0 Citings
3829. Progress of modern research on tumor blood stasis syndrome and its treatment with the method of promoting
blood circulation by removing blood stasis
By Qi Y
Database: MEDLINE
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3830. Prospect for study on treatment of AIDS with traditional Chinese medicine
By Lu W
Database: MEDLINE
In this paper, studies on single Chinese medicinal herbs, composite prescriptions, and their active principles, which
have been used against HIV both in China and abroad, are highlighted; and the results from clinical treatment of 158
HIV infected patients performed by a China-Tanzania Coordinating Group are also reported. Six of the patients
displayed seronegative conversion and remained so in the follow-up for 10 to 15 months. The author assumes that the
prescriptions and drugs strengthening the patients' resistance could enhance the efficacy of AIDS treatment.
~1 Citing
3831. Progress of traditional Chinese medicine treatment on infantile pneumonia
By An X X
~0 Citings
3832. Gastric mucosal stasis of gastropathy--the progress in the study of microcirculatory disturbance
By Luo Z L; Pan B R; Chen Y
~0 Citings
3833. Progress in the study of traditional Chinese medicine in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
By Yang Y F; Zhou A X; Ma R
~0 Citings
3834. Studies on chemical radioprotectors against X-irradiation used by soft X-ray accelerator
By Shinoda M
From Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan (1995), 115(1), 24-41, Language: Japanese,
Database: MEDLINE
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This review describes the modes of mice radiation injuries induced by soft X-irradiation under various conditions and
the protective effects of several kinds of substances on these injuries. The models of radiation injuries in this study
were bone marrow death after lethal irradiation, skin damage induced by irradiation with long length soft X-ray and
leukocytopenia in the peripheral blood after sublethal irradiation. Two bioassay methods were established for the
survival effect on the lethal irradiation and protective potency on the skin damage induced by soft X-irradiation. The
protective potencies of various sulfur compounds, related compounds of ferulic acid, nucleic acid constitutional
compounds, crude drugs and chinese traditional medicines were determined and then many effective drugs were
recognized. Effective components in the methanol extracts of Cnidii Rhizoma and Aloe arborescens recognized as
radioprotectable were fractionated. As a result of these studies, it was observed that the active principles in Cnidii
Rhizoma were identified as ferulic acid and adenosine. The scavenge action of active oxygens, a protective effect on
the damages of deoxyribonucleic acid and superoxide dismutase by in vitro soft X-irradiation were evaluated as
radiation protective mechanisms.
~1 Citing
3835. Pathogenesis of renal proteinuria based on the traditional Chinese medicine and exploration in its prescriptions
with modern pharmacology
By Pan Z B; Liu J; Huang L J
~0 Citings
3836. Progress on study of anaphylactic purpura treated with traditional Chinese medicine and Chinese materia medica
By Li X M
~0 Citings
3837. A survey of clinical application of method for reinforcing kidney and activating blood
By Zhang X Q
~0 Citings
3838. The application of traditional Chinese medicine to the management of hepatic cancerous pain
By Wang G; Sun G; Tang W; Pan X
Database: MEDLINE
The authors summarized the application of traditional Chinese medicine to the management of hepatic cancerous pain
in Beijing and Shanghai, and in Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces. The therapeutic principle was to invigorate blood
circulation and reduce stasis and to soothe the liver and regulate qi, so as to dredge the channels and collaterals. The
results were satisfactory.
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~0 Citings
3839. Recent advances in studies on traditional Chinese anti-aging materia medica
By Chen K; Li C
Traditional Chinese Medicine, Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (1994), 14(2), 128-31, concl, Language:
~0 Citings
3840. Current status and prospects on traditional Chinese medicine combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of
leukemia
By Shi X P; Zhang T F
~0 Citings
3841. Assessment for quality of life and its application in area of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine
By Xie Y M
~0 Citings
3842. Integrating traditional medicine into modern health care systems: examining the role of Chinese medicine in
Taiwan
By Chi C
From Social science & medicine (1982) (1994), 39(3), 307-21, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Since the World Health Organization officially promoted traditional medicine in developing countries in 1978, there
have been increasing interests among developing countries in integrating traditional medicine into a national health
care system. Most of these policies, however, tend to be the policy of coexistence instead of integration. This paper
focuses on the rationale, strategies, and process of integrating traditional medicine into a modern health care system
by using the experience of Chinese medicine in Taiwan as an example. After briefly describing the changing roles of
Chinese medicine in Taiwan, the author critically reviews the government policies and regulations on Chinese
medicine. Research findings and government statistics on the demand and supply of Chinese medicine are also
described to provide some insights for developing recommendations for an appropriate integration policy. To
effectively integrate traditional medicine into a modern health care system, this paper suggests that such integration
should begin at the grass roots level, that is with the training of physicians and practitioners. A successful, integrated
health care system would facilitate more efficient use of domestic medical resources, and enhance self-sufficiency in
health development for resource poor countries. Integrating traditional medicine into a modern health care system,
moreover, can benefit industrialized nations as well. After recommending several strategies for integration, the author
proposes a further development of a unified medical system as the final stage of full integration. This unified medical
system should be an inclusive medical system, which could help countries to expand the available medical resources.
~4 Citings
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3843. Recent progress in the study of anticancer drugs originating from plants and traditional medicines in China
By Han R
From Chinese medical sciences journal = Chung-kuo i hsueh k'o hsueh tsa chih / Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences (1994), 9(1), 61-9, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Drugs of plant origin have received much attention due to their enormous potential for the prevention and treatment of
cancer. Recent progress in the study of anticancer drugs originating from plants and traditional medicines in China is
reviewed in this paper, with particular emphasis on taxol, daidzein, acetyl boswellic acid, curcumin and ginsenosid
Rh2.
~1 Citing
3844. Quality of clinical trials of Chinese herbal drugs, a review of 314 published papers
By Yu G P; Gao S W
The study was based on a review of clinical trials for herbal drugs published in various journals. Three journals
selected were Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine (JITWM), Journal of Traditional
Chinese Medicine (JTCM), and a provincial Journal of Traditional Medicine (JTM). In order to reflect different levels of
the journal, each paper of the clinical trials of herbal drugs in the above-mentioned journals during the survey years,
1991, 1987 and 1980 (or 1981) was reviewed using a standard checklist and quantified through a score system. A
total of 314 paper were reviewed, in which 179 in 1991, 82 in 1987, and 53 in 1980 and 1981. Controlled trials were
found in 86% of JITWM, 40.8% of JTCM, and 26.8% of JTM in 1991. Although there was an increased trend in the use
or randomized trials, it still showed a lower proportion, respectively 52.9% in JITWM, 36.0% in JTCM, and 11.1% in
JTM. We found that the quality of clinical trials in JITWM was the first, JTCM the second, JTM the third and showed a
gradually improved trend with time.
~1 Citing
3845. The efficacy of traditional Chinese herbal therapy in atopic eczema
By Latchman Y; Whittle B; Rustin M; Atherton D J; Brostoff J
From International archives of allergy and immunology (1994), 104(3), 222-6, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
A traditional Chinese herbal therapy (Zemaphyte) for the treatment of atopic eczema (AE) is currently being assessed.
This review attempts to highlight its success in patients who are recalcitrant to Western forms of treatment and the
rationale behind its use. The herbal preparation is a mixture of 10 herbs with some known pharmacological agents and
actions. The concept of such a complex mixture in clinical treatment is anathema to Western medicine but acceptable
in traditional Chinese medicine. As this formation has been shown to be effective in two double-blind crossover trials,
investigative work on components from the mixture must be established in order to find the active constituent(s) and
describe their mode of action. This research will also lead to a greater understanding of the complex immunopathology
of AE.
~1 Citing
3846. Quality assessment of the traditional Chinese medicine by chemical recognition
By Luo X; Bi K S; Wang X; Zhou L; Cheng G; Qiao Y J; Wang A M
From Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica (1993), 28(12), 936-40, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE
~0 Citings
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3847. New therapeutic approaches in atopic dermatitis
By Cooper K D
From Clinical reviews in allergy (1993), 11(4), 543-59, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Novel approaches to the therapy for atopic dermatitis (AD) can now be considered because of recent advances in the
pathogenesis of the disease. Several of these concepts are being tested in clinical trials. The effectiveness of
cyclosporin A, plus reports of adoptive transfer of AD, or its clearing, following bone marrow transplantation, verify the
criticalness of immune cells in AD pathogenesis. Thus, there is renewed interest in immunosuppressives, such as
azathioprine and methotrexate, as well as new adhesion molecule and T-cell activation inhibitors. Therapy with the Tcell lymphokine, interferon-gamma, or the thymic hormone, thymopentin, is designed to inhibit the IL-4-dominated
response of AD T-cells. This approach, rather than directly suppressing all immune responsiveness, represents a
more specific targeting to improve the balance of a chronically disordered immune response. Recent findings of a
therapeutic advantage of longer-wavelength phototherapy over UVB therapy may relate to specific immunologic events
following UVB vs UVA photoinjury that are critical to the exacerbation of AD. Complex herbal mixtures used in
traditional Chinese medicine are currently being evaluated, but toxicity and palatability may be limiting. Other dietary
approaches, such as modifying the lipid balance, have generally not had much benefit. Because the safety and
efficacy of the above treatments need further exploration, the physician must continue to utilize fundamental methods,
such as mitigating trigger factors (i.e., microbes and stress, and certain foods in persons with documented sensitivity),
on improving the abnormal epidermal lipid barrier to irritation, and on reducing cutaneous inflammation with mild topical
steroids.
~0 Citings
3848. Progress on treatment of coronary heart disease with integrated traditional Chinese medicine and Western
medicine
By Li S P
~0 Citings
3849. The functional background in acupuncture effects
By Andersson S
From Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine. Supplement (1993), 2931-60, Language: English, Database:
MEDLINE
~1 Citing
3850. Psoriasis in China
By Lin X R
From The Journal of dermatology (1993), 20(12), 746-55, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
This paper presents a review of the epidemiology, the frequency of HLA antigen, the special clinical forms, the
associations, and the treatment of psoriasis in China. Special attention is paid to the practice of treating psoriasis with
traditional Chinese medicine and combinations of traditional Chinese and Western medicine.
~0 Citings
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3851. Progress on combined traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine therapy in treating sudden deafness
By Zhu M M
~0 Citings
3852. Recent cardiovascular drugs from Chinese medicinal plants
By Sutter M C; Wang Y X
From Cardiovascular research (1993), 27(11), 1891-901, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
This paper describes the pharmacology of some recent cardiovascular drugs derived from plants used in Chinese
traditional medicine. The groups of compounds discussed are benzylisoquinolines (several), tetrahydropyrazine (also
called ligustrazine), rhynchophylline and hirsutine, ginkgolides and other PAF inhibitors, coumarins, and ginsenosides,
plus a miscellaneous group; approximately 30 substances in all. The plant sources and the pharmacology are
indicated for the drugs in each group. By far the most studied compounds are the benzylisoquinolines, especially
tetrandrine. The types of pharmacological activity recently described for cardiovascular drugs from plants include
calcium antagonism, adrenoceptor antagonism, antagonism of platelet activating factor (PAF), and the ability to act as
antioxidants. Hundreds of chemicals have been isolated and identified as constituents of thousands of plants but the
basic and clinical pharmacology is known for only a handful of these drugs. Much more research is needed, especially
with regard to the pharmacology, both basic and clinical, of the pure chemicals derived from plants.
~1 Citing
3853. Recent development of prevention on asthma with traditional Chinese medicine
By Xu D S
~0 Citings
3854. Radioimmunoassay analysis in traditional Chinese medical and pharmaceutical studies
By Zhu Y
~0 Citings
3855. Progress of studies on relation between kidney and ear in traditional Chinese medicine
By Zeng Z L
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~0 Citings
3856. Clinical characteristics and exploration of traditional Chinese medicine
By Wu J P; Chen K J
From Zhonghua yi xue za zhi (1993), 73(2), 119-21, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE
~0 Citings
3857. Traditional Chinese medicine combined with Western medicine in chronic myelitis
By Zhang Z P
~0 Citings
3858. Research of cellular membrane fluidity and traditional Chinese medicine
By Tan Y Z
~0 Citings
3859. An analysis of Hong Kong's health policy
By Brewer B
From Journal of health & social policy (1993), 4(3), 93-114, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
~1 Citing
3860. Improving oral health through understanding the meaning of health and disease in a Chinese culture
By Lee K L; Schwarz E; Mak K Y
From International dental journal (1993), 43(1), 2-8, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
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Advances in modern technology have undoubtedly been of benefit to dentistry in its preventive and curative activities
for populations worldwide. Studies, mainly from Western societies, show nonetheless that utilisation of services or
adoption of preventive methods are not taken up at satisfactory levels. The focus of this paper is on the special
problems in a Chinese society where major differences exist between the traditional lay health concepts and the
modernised professional ones. Traditional Chinese health concepts comprise the balance between and interaction of
'Yin' and 'Yang', the vital forces in both the universe and in man's body, as the basis for maintaining health. To restore
a disturbed equilibrium of vital forces, which will manifest itself as disease, a range of dietary products are available in
Hong Kong, for example cooling herb tea to reduce fire from the stomach producing gum disease. Seeking dental
treatment from dentists could be delayed or made 'unnecessary' due to reliance on home remedies. This could reduce
the effectiveness of any planned health education activities and dental services available for improving the oral health
status of the community according to prevailing Western concepts. An understanding of the cultural meaning of dental
disease is fundamental to changing beliefs and attitudes of people in order to improve the oral health of the community.
~3 Citings
3861. A survey of the treatment of traumatic paraplegia by traditional Chinese medicine
By Wang H
Database: MEDLINE
~1 Citing
3862. Progress on use of ultrasonic imaging in traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine integrated research
By Wang X M
~0 Citings
3863. Bioactivity of neolignans from fructus Schizandrae
By Li X Y
From Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (1991), 86 Suppl 231-7, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Fructus Schizandrae sinensis Baill, a traditional Chinese medicine, used as tonic and sedative, has been shown at the
beginning of 70's to lower the elevated serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) levels of patients suffering from
chronic viral hepatitis. During past 20 years, a series of neolignans have been isolated and identified as effective
principles. Pharmacological studies revealed that they increased liver protein and glycogen synthesis, antagonized
liver injuries from CCl4 and thioacetamide. The mechanism of SGPT lowering was considered as a hepato-protective
and membrane stabilize action, although inhibition of the activity of liver GPT may also be existed. It was found that
some principles of Schizandrae have an inducing effect on hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme system P450, thus explained their anti-toxic, anti-carcinogenic and anti-mutagenic effects. A synthetic derivative compound of
Schisandrin called DDB has most of the above mentioned actions now used widely in China as a hepato-protective
drug with high effectiveness in normalizing liver functions and very low side effects. From natural Schisandrin to
synthesized DDB, pointed out a successful way in the development of new drugs from natural products.
~1 Citing
3864. The research on radioprotective agents in Chinese materia medica
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By Wang B J
A series of studies has been carried out in the field of traditional medicine for searching radioprotective agents.
According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, many prescriptions were tested with experimental animals.
Some of them could raise the survival rate of dogs irradiated with lethal dose of gamma-rays by 30-40%. Some
symptoms of radiation sickness could be improved. More than one thousand kinds of Chinese herbs were screened.
Some of them have pronounced radioprotective activities. A series of bioactive components were isolated from these
herbs. The mechanism of radiation protection were studied. Having the capability of hemopoietic system and immune
system may be the characteristics of these Chinese herbs.
~0 Citings
3865. Plants used in traditional medicine of China and Brazil
By Matos F J; Machado M I; Alencar J W; Matos M E; Craveiro A A
Even though the rationale behind the use of medicinal plants in Brazil and China is different, twenty four species are
used in both countries. Scientific name, vulgar name and uses in both countries along with their chemical constituents
are listed.
~0 Citings
3866. Review of improving the technology of processing Chinese herbal medicines
By Liu X; Zhang C; Wu Z; Liu S
In this paper, the present situation of processing technology for Chinese herbal medicines is expounded in all aspects.
Careful processing, overall developing and comprehensive utilization are put forward as improving ways, in the hope of
providing a scientific basis for carrying forward the traditional processing techniques for Chinese herbal medicines in
producing areas and putting the resources to full and rational use.
~0 Citings
3867. The effect of acupuncture on gastrointestinal function and disorders
By Li Y; Tougas G; Chiverton S G; Hunt R H
From The American journal of gastroenterology (1992), 87(10), 1372-81, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Acupuncture has been used empirically in clinical practice in China for several millenia and has recently drawn interest
as a mode of anesthesia. Despite extensive investigation, the exact mechanisms of its analgesic action are unknown,
but are thought to involve endogenous opioid peptides. Only recently have studies attempted to evaluate the effect of
acupuncture on gastrointestinal function and disease. A review of studies from both the Chinese and Western
literature supports the efficacy of acupuncture in the regulation of gastrointestinal motor activity and secretion through
opioid and other neural pathways. However, no firm conclusion can be drawn about the effectiveness of acupuncture
in the treatment of specific gastrointestinal disorders because of the lack of properly randomized controlled trials.
~10 Citings
3868. Reviewing and evaluating of the traditional Chinese medicine affecting on immunological function
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By Shen Z Y
~0 Citings
3869. Current status of research on sort-term turn to the negative of serial biological markers in the patients with hepatitis
B by traditional Chinese medicine
By Wang Q M
~0 Citings
3870. Recent advances on ginseng research in China
By Liu C X; Xiao P G
From Journal of ethnopharmacology (1992), 36(1), 27-38, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Ginseng, Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, is a well-known Chinese traditional medicine. There have been more than 300
original papers in Chinese and in English during the last 10 years in China. This review paper summarizes some
achievements from some of these published papers. Twenty-eight ginsenosides and some minor constituents were
extracted and isolated from the root, root-stock, stems, leaves, flowers and flower-buds of ginseng. The chemical
analysis demonstrated that the content of ginsenosides is related to the source, part and growth years of ginseng. The
drug has a wide range of pharmacological and therapeutical actions, it acts on the central nervous system,
cardiovascular system and endocrine secretion, promotes immune function and metabolism, possesses biomodulation
action, anti-stress and anti-ageing activities, and so on. Many preparations of ginseng have been officially approved
for clinical application in China. Clinical evaluation has shown that these preparations play a special role in medicinal
use.
~15 Citings
3871. Acupuncture--a critical evaluation
By Joshi Y M
From The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India (1992), 40(3), 184-9, Language: English, Database:
MEDLINE
Acupuncture is a traditional form of Chinese medicine which has been in practice for over 3000 years. It was not
accepted in the West mainly due to cultural barriers. However, research during the last decade has established the
physiological basis of acupuncture. Although it is mainly used for chronic musculoskeletal pain in the West, it also has
a place in the treatment of various non-painful disorders like bronchial asthma, alcohol and nicotine addiction and
functional gastrointestinal disorders. Controlled trials published in the literature have many methodological flaws, and
these can be rectified by standardisation of acupuncture technique. Since traditional Chinese medicine and Western
medicine differ in their concepts of anatomy, physiology and systems of diagnosis, it is not possible to reconcile them
into a common language. However, it is possible for them to co-exist.
~0 Citings
3872. Current status of prevention and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine for ototoxic effect of streptomycin
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By Wang S F
~0 Citings
3873. Recent development of studies on traditional Chinese medicine in prophylaxis and treatment of AIDS
By Wu B
Database: MEDLINE
WHO statistics indicated that as of October 1, 1991 there were 418,403 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
patients in the world, and an estimated 5-10 million persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
were at risk of developing AIDS. 50% of AIDS victims have died. It has been reported that after 1 year of clinical use
HIV could develop resistance to AZT (azidothymidine), the only effective drug used worlwide and recommended for
clinical use by the US government. AIDS has also been treated by acupuncture and moxibustion which recent
experiments have associated with improving immune function and enhancing resistance to disease. The American
scientists Smith and Naomi Rabinowitz used acupuncture and moxibustion in the clinical treatment of AIDS from 1982
to 1988 when they treated 350 patients with AIDS and AIDS related complex. 1 advanced case with Kaposi's sarcoma
and signs of hemorrhage was significantly improved after treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been
used successfully in treating cholera, syphilis, epidemic encephalitis, influenza, and hepatitis with a great variety of
clinical treatment measures and experiences. In recent years the treatment of AIDS by TCM using herbs and their
extracts has been increasing. Dr. Yu of Santa Barbara, California, Hospital, in cooperation with Dr. Chen of China,
successfully treated on AIDS patient with Chinese herbal medicine. The patient was still living and well more than 2
years later when another 24 cases which were not treated with TCM died during the same period. In China there are
no special laboratories dealing with the prevention and treatment of AIDS, although scientific HIV research could
benefit from such activities. On the other hand, foreign scientists and Chinese abroad have accomplished a significant
amount of relevant research.
~0 Citings
3874. Acupuncture analgesia
By Klide A M
From The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice (1992), 22(2), 374-9, Language: English,
Database: MEDLINE
Acupuncture-produced surgical analgesia has been demonstrated in a wide variety of species under experimental and
clinical circumstances. The main advantage is that no depressant drugs need to be used. The disadvantages of its
use are unfamiliarity, the need for special equipment, inconsistent effects, and lack of restraint.
~0 Citings
3875. The current situation and prospect in the percutaneous treatment of coronary heart disease by traditional Chinese
medicine and Western medicine
By Zhong W
From Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi = Chinese journal of modern developments in traditional medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi
yi jie he yan jiu hui (chou), Zhong yi yan jiu yuan, zhu ban (1991), 11(11), 701-3, Language: Chinese, Database:
MEDLINE
~0 Citings
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3876. Acupuncture for reproductive disorders
By Lin J H; Panzer R
From Problems in veterinary medicine (1992), 4(1), 155-61, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
The use of acupuncture to treat reproductive disorders can produce excellent results. Two proposed physiologic
mechanisms for its effects on the reproductive system include an endorphin-mediated mechanism affecting the
hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal endocrine axis and a direct effect on gonadal paracrine and autocrine control of
steroidogenesis. This chapter discusses reproductive disorders from both western and traditional Chinese
perspectives, and details the use of acupuncture for the treatment of eight specific categories of reproductive
dysfunction.
~0 Citings
3877. Acupuncture for gastrointestinal disorders
By Dill S G
Acupuncture is best known for its application to various musculoskeletal pain-producing diseases. Acupuncture is,
however, used for a large variety of internal medical diseases in humans and other animals. This chapter reviews
some of the published literature on the use of acupuncture in gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, describes acupuncture
points useful for a variety of GI diseases, briefly reviews how traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treats GI disease,
and gives some case examples of how acupuncture can be used in GI diseases.
~1 Citing
3878. Chronic respiratory conditions and acupuncture therapy
By Schwartz C
Acupuncture effectively enhances the treatment of chronic allergic bronchitis and asthma in the cat and dog.
According to Traditional Chinese Medicine, chronic respiratory conditions can arise from lung, spleen/pancreas, liver or
kidney deficiencies. Proper diagnosis is made from patient history, as well as examination of tongue and pulse.
Acupuncture points are chosen according to involved energy pathways (meridians) and classical acupuncture
combinations. In most cases, medication can be reduced as the acupuncture takes effect.
~0 Citings
3879. Traditional Chinese medical treatment of heart disease
By Basko I J
Western conventional approaches have limited value in the treatment of cardiac diseases because they do not address
the true causes of the problems and focus only on treating the heart and lungs. Little attention is paid to the organ
systems involved (KI, SP, LIV) and the significance of symptoms seemingly unrelated to cardiopulmonary pathology.
Acupuncture used in conjunction with conventional medications (diuretics, beta-blockers, peripheral dilators, etc.) can
greatly enhance results. The use of Chinese herbal formulas can reduce the dosage of drugs, which exhaust Qi, and
can produce greater longevity because they nourish the Yin organs.
~0 Citings
3880. Current research of otorhinolaryngologic diseases treated with traditional Chinese medicine combined with
Western medicine
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By Bai H
MEDLINE
~0 Citings
3881. Current states of viral myocarditis treated with traditional Chinese medicine combined with Western medicine
By Yan H J; Wang Z H
MEDLINE
~0 Citings
3882. Study on hypoimmunity in the patients with obstructive lung disease based on the theory of insufficiency of spleenyang
By He Q Y
MEDLINE
~0 Citings
3883. Advances in the research on the treatment of arrhythmia with traditional Chinese medicine
By Chen K J; Chen Y Q
MEDLINE
~0 Citings
3884. Research on the improvement of dosage forms of prescriptions in Chinese traditional medicine
By Yu G
~0 Citings
3885. Can ethnopharmacology contribute to the development of antimalarial agents?
By Phillipson J D; Wright C W
From Journal of ethnopharmacology (1991), 32(1-3), 155-65, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
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The resistance of Plasmodium falciparum, the cause of tertian malaria, to synthetic antimalarials, together with the
resistance of the vector mosquitoes to insecticides, has resulted in a resurgence in the use of quinine and a search for
new antimalarial agents. In recent years, artemisinin, isolated from Artemisia annua which is used in Chinese
traditional medicine for the treatment of malaria, has proved to be effective in the treatment of cerebral malaria due to
chloroquine-resistant strains of P. falciparum. The development of in vitro tests utilising P. falciparum obtained from
malaria patients means that it is possible to use bioassay guided fractionation of active extracts in order to isolate
active principles. A number of laboratories throughout the world are currently investigating plants used in traditional
medicine for their active constituents. Some of their results will be described and in particular two aspects of our
investigations with species of Simaroubaceae and Menispermaceae will be discussed. There is every possibility that
such approaches which use leads from Ethnopharmacology will result in the development of new antimalarial agents.
It is vitally important to those populations relying on traditional medicines for the treatment of malaria that the safety
and efficacy of such medicines be established, their active principles determined and that reproducible dosage forms
be prepared and made available for use.
~3 Citings
3886. Advances in the pharmacological researches on the commonly-used prescriptions in Chinese traditional medicine
during past 5 years
By Deng W
16(2), 118-20, inside back cover, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE
~0 Citings
3887. Traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine in the treatment of endotoxemia
By Chen H L
MEDLINE
~0 Citings
3888. Mechanism of post-ischemic reperfusion damage of myocardium and the protective and therapeutic effects with
traditional Chinese medicine
By Xu X S
MEDLINE
~0 Citings
3889. Creation and evaluation of new theoretical concepts in traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine (I)
By Chen S K
yi jie he yan jiu hui (chou), Zhong yi yan jiu yuan, zhu ban (1991), 11(1), 44-6, contd, Language: Chinese, Database:
MEDLINE
~0 Citings
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3890. Probe into the rational development and utilization of the genuine crude drugs in Sichuan
By Wan B
~0 Citings
3891. Current drugs for the treatment of tropical malaria
By Fernex M; Jaquet C; Mittelholzer M L; Reber R; Sturchler D
From Schweizerische Rundschau fur Medizin Praxis = Revue suisse de medecine Praxis (1991), 80(4), 67-71,
Language: German, Database: MEDLINE
The occurrence in the early 60's of stable resistance to chloroquine among Plasmodium falciparum strains in the
Amazonas and on the Thai-Cambodian border has been a shock for all malariologists. This led to the search for new
antimalarials without cross resistance with chloroquine. For each new drug, one of the major concerns was to define
how rapidly parasites would develop resistance to this compound. Drug combinations were taken into consideration so
as to achieve a delay in the appearance of resistance. The decision to test a triple combination has led to the
development of Fansimef, a fixed combination with tablets containing 250 mg mefloquine, 500 mg sulfadoxine and 25
mg pyrimethamine. A very relevant delay in the development of resistance was found both in-vivo--in the P. berghei
model--and in-vitro using P. falciparum. Fansimef has also been under investigations for malaria. Controlled clinical
trials were performed in Africa, South America and South East Asia. The documentation for this new indication will be
submitted to registration authorities in 1991. A preference alternative to continuous chemoprophylaxis is stand-by
malaria treatment for travellers to regions where the malaria risk is relatively low. Stand-by treatment is under
investigations in France and in Switzerland. In the search for alternative remedies against drug resistant P. falciparum
malaria our attention was directed to Yingzhaosu, a new sesquiterpene peroxide of plant origin from traditional Chinese
medicine. A short and convenient synthesis of this ring system gave access to a variety of structural analogues of
Yingzhaosu.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
~1 Citing
3892. Hypocrellins and their use in photosensitization
By Zhenjun D; Lown J W
From Photochemistry and photobiology (1990), 52(3), 609-16, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Hypocrellins A and B are pigments which are isolated from parasitic fungi Hypocrella bambuase (B. et Br) sacc. and
Shiraia bambusicola P. Heen found in the People's Republic of China (P.R.C.) and Sri Lanka respectively. These
agents, which belong to the general class of perylene quinonoid pigments, have a long history of traditional medicinal
agents especially in the P.R.C. Recently their marked photosensitizing properties have been established and
exploratory studies initiated. This effort has led to the realization of the potential of the hypocrellins for the
photodynamic therapy of tumors. The review summarizes the chemical and photophysical properties of the
hypocrellins and their derivatives as well as studies on photosensitization to date at the molecular, cellular and in vivo
levels, and their prospects as PDT agents.
~0 Citings
3893. A review of chemical studies on the plants of Trichosanthes
By Chao Z
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TCM 3501-4000
Page 113
~0 Citings
3894. Regeneration of bark of Chinese medicinal plants after large area girdling
By Li L
This paper deals with the method of girdling, conditions of girdling, regeneration mechanism, and factors promoting
bark regeneration. The results show that girdling is an effective way of tackling the problem of deficiency of woody
medicinal plants in China.
~0 Citings
3895. Artemisia annua L.: a source of novel antimalarial drugs
By Woerdenbag H J; Lugt C B; Pras N
From Pharmaceutisch weekblad. Scientific edition (1990), 12(5), 169-81, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Artemisia annua L. contains artemisinin, an endoperoxide sesquiterpene lactone, mainly in its leaves and
inflorescences. This compound and a series of derivatives have attracted attention because of their potential value as
antimalarial drugs. In this review a survey of the currently available literature data is given. It includes phytochemical
aspects, such as constituents of A. annua, the artemisinin content during the development of the plant and its
biosynthesis, isolation, analysis and stability. Total chemical synthesis of artemisinin is referred to, as well as
structure-activity relationships of derivatives and simplified analogues. Pharmacological studies are summarized,
including the mechanism of action, interaction of the antimalarial activity with other drugs, possible occurrence of
resistance to artemisinin, clinical results, toxicological aspects, metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Finally, plant cell
biotechnology is mentioned as a possible means to obtain plants and cell cultures with higher artemisinin contents,
allowing an industrial production of pharmaceuticals containing this novel drug.
~0 Citings
3896. Recent traditional Chinese medicine treatment of chronic bronchitis
By Lu S
MEDLINE
~0 Citings
3897. New progress in the four diagnostic methods of cancer
By Yu G; Chen J; Wang J; Hou J
Database: MEDLINE
~0 Citings
3898. Prostaglandins and traditional Chinese medicine
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TCM 3501-4000
Page 114
By Liang X C
yi jie he yan jiu hui (chou), Zhong yi yan jiu yuan, zhu ban (1990), 10(3), 185-6, 188, Language: Chinese, Database:
MEDLINE
~0 Citings
3899. Advances in studies on traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine treatment of viral myocarditis
By Liu J
MEDLINE
~0 Citings
3900. Acupuncture and neurophysiology
By Wu D Z
From Clinical neurology and neurosurgery (1990), 92(1), 13-25, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
~1 Citing

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