drustvo fizicara srbije

School
as a 3D lecture book
of natural sciences
M. Božić1 , D. Cucić2, Lj. Ivančević3, Т. Маrković-Topalović4, J.
Slisko5, G.Stojićević6 and J. Volarov3
1Institute
of Physics, Belgrade; Center for Talents „Mihajlo Pupin“, Pančevo; 3Primary
school“ Djordje Krstić“, Belgrade; 4Medical High School, Šabac; 5Benemérita
Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México; 6Regional center for professional
advancement of educators, Šabac
SEEMPE 2012
1st South-Eastern European Meeting on Physics Education 2012, Ljubljana
11th and 12th of September
The necessity to utilise wider school space for
physics and science education has been identified
during last decades by many educators.
•
Knowledge about basic natural laws created and accumulated by greatest
scientists through an impressive historical endeavour
•
students should have the opportunity to repeat their experience and
reasoning
•
such a goal imposes that a wider space than a classroom is necessary. One
needs a corridor, a courtyard, a roof, a terrace in order to incorporate
devices and elements for mapping natural phenomena and studying them
•
This can be achieved treating the school building and its environment as a
3D lecture book and Lab
CREATORS AND DEVELOPERS
OF THE CONCEPT OF A SCHOOL AS A 3D LECTURE BOOK AND LAB
SCIENCE EDUCATORS
SCHOOL DESIGNERS
-Deck the Halls columns, The Physics Teacher, 19722001
-Famous lives, project of the European Physical Society
-J. Meinke, real science done outdoors, since 1990, New
Community Networks (Communities created and
developing through the use of Internet)_
-PHYSARCH: School Architecture and Physics
Education part of the project World Year of Physics
2005 Europe.
-Conference on Physics education and School Design,
Belgrade, 2005
-Finnish National Board of Education, Conference
The school of tomorrow – learning environment,
pedagogy and architecture, 2006
-Examples from The Cosmic Perspective, by Bennett et.
al. (Addison Wesley, 2003 )
GREAT
SCHOOLS by
design
P.Nair and R. Fielding, The Language of
School Design, 2005.
School Building Organization
S.A., Greece, development of
school facilities, 1998-
International Students’ Competition, Design ideas for
school as a lecture book of physics, Belgrade, 2006
Spielgerate-Richter, Play
stations for developing senses,
Germany
COGNITIVE INSTALLATIONS AND PATTERNS
proposed and developed by science educators and school designers
PROMOTE :
- science
ARE APPLICABLE TO:
& scientific methods
- rational thinking
- scientific concepts and ideas
- information & and
communication necessity
- scientific opinion, debate, critique,
dialogue, doubts
- curiosity, motivation and
willingness for engagement
- Teaching method and
curriculum
- Relating science teaching to
other other subjects teaching
- Environmental issues
- Self-education
- Meeting scientists
- Approach to Information
technology resources
- Research projects
- Psycho-social activities
- energy saving
- new aesthetics
The cognitive installations induce
associations.
Ellinogermaniki agogi, Athens
NUS High School for Mathematics and Sciences,
Singapore, Winner at the Design-Share Awards
program, 2006
The ‘Pi Wall’, dynamic form of a
double helix from the structure of DNA
represented at the ‘nano tube stairway’
Eco-Learning Trail.
Learning garden in the Zhangde Primary School
Singapore, Winner at the Design-Share Awards
Program, 2005
Famous Lives – project inititated in 1999 by the Executive
committee of the European Physical Society-EPS
We hope the biographies will help
the young generation to get
acquainted with the life and
scientific achievements of people of
other nations; this should help
promote the process of
internationalization and further
unification of Europe in the next
century
Sir Arnold Wolfendale
Europhysics News, july/august 1999
EPS posters of famous lives in Shabac, Serbia
Posters describe the life and work of famous European physicists of the past.
These short biographies include exciting personal details as well as scientific
discoveries. The overall aim is to get across to the young (12 to 16 year olds) the
personal dimension: that these scientists were no different from other famous people
and often had very interesting private lives.
EPS posters with
biographies of
famous
physicists in the
Primary school
Djordje Krstic in
Belgrade
LED color mixer
inspired by the article
G. Planinšič, Color Mixer for Every
student, Physics Teacher 42 (2004) 138.
LED color mixer in the library of the Primary
school Djordje Krstic in Belgrade
LED mixer recorded by
putting holographic grating
in front of the aperture of
the camera
OPTICS AT and NEAR
Filters and mirrors on a window to observe
color mixing of sunlight
THE WINDOW
Moving rainbows maker
Simulation of color mixing
A device which utilises the laws of mechanics,
classical electromagnetism, optics and quantum
mechanics
Model for demonstration
Reflection of light
Refraction of light
Diffraction of Sun light
on the slit between two
postcards at the window.
From hands on to school on
experiments
R. Szostak, Simple
hands-on
experiments for teaching
astronomy, Hands onExperiments in Physics Education,
Proc. ICPE-GIREP International
Conference, Duisburg, Germany,
1988
DING – DAY and NIGHT GLOBE
Chlore Garden of Science,
Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
On the globe having the same orientation as the
Earth one observes the day-night line and its
motion during the day.
The sun shines
onto the globe
exactly like
onto the Earth.
The constancy of the orientation of the
Earth’s axis and the motion around the
Sun are the causes of the change of seasons
on the Earth.
International
Year of
Astronomy
2009
Professor Altamore,
Roma Tre
The Oriented World Globe at Roma Tre University
Note the inclination and orientation of the axis and position of Roma
at the top of the globe
The globe located in the centre of the Chiostro garden of the Physics Department E.
Amaldi has been designed following the criteria recently proposed in the field of
Architecture (Bozic et al. 2005) on the possible direct educational role of the indoor
and outdoor spaces of schools and universities when these are arranged according to
the principles of hands-on experiments.
DING in Shabac
Steps of onstruction
Оса Дан и ноћ
глобуса (ДИНГ)
је паралелна
оси Земље .
Његова
локација Шабац, је на
.
врху ДИНГ-а
Најпре је направљена челична вишеслојна
конструкција. Сарадници на пројекту поред жичане
конструкције. Лево је градитељ, архитекта П.
Милутиновић
Арматура је обложена са више слојева фероцемента.
Виде се осовина и оса север-југ (плаво)
ДИНГ је на постољу. Татјана МарковићТопаловић-координатор градње , показује осу
која је под углом од око 45 степени у односу на
хоризонталну раван.
Републички геодетски завод је урадио
картографску подлогу за ДИНГ.
Постављање кришке која садржи
меридијан који пролази кроз Шабац.
Свечаност поводом постављања ДИНГ у великом
парку у Шапцу, април 2011. Мирјана Поповић-Божић
(пресеца врпцу) и координатор градње Татјана
Марковић-Топаловић.
ДИНГ - Дан И Ноћ на Глобусу
Вајцманов институт у Реховоту,
Израел.
Велики парк у Шапцу, март 2011.
ДИНГ у Шапцу је постало омиљено наставно
средство за наставу у отвореном простору.
ДИНГ је и омиљено место
за оне који тајно, под
велом ноћи, воле да се
потписују.
Ови вредни и пажљиви
ученици их моле да то
више не раде.
ДИНГ је офарбан
непосредно пре
Шабачког
карневала. Овај
међународни
карневал је у
Centar za stručnu edukaciju dobio je još jedan detalj koji posebno raduje. Jedinstven u jugoistočnoj
Evropi i jedan od sedam u svetu, šabački globus "Ding" premešten je iz gradskog Velikog parka u krug
Centra za stručnu edukaciju jer je prostor obezbeđen i video-nadzorom. Globus "Ding" je na inicijativu
Tatjane Marković-Topalović, profesorke fizike i autora projekta, pre šest meseci postavljen u Gradskom
parku. Nažalost, betonska konstrukcija teška dve tone služila je kao oglasna tabla za ispisivanje poruka.
Sada se popularni "DING" nalazi na sigurnom mestu .
http://www.csusabac.rs/index.php?mode=vesti&next=allow&lang=sr_cir&id=7
From a
spherical sundial
to a globe sundial
Recent reproduction
of Jefferson’s
spherical sundial
made in Montichello,
USA around 1816.
Wonder Globe by
Replogle Globes
This globe offers an
exceptionally smooth
rotation on TWO
different axes.
Max Valier Observatory, Italy
The shadows of the pins show
whether the sun is in the North
or in the South of the equator.
At the equinoxes, the shadows
of all pins fall along the equator.
With the help of the shadows of
the pins one can determine
approximately the true local
time.
Hands on globe sundial.
Horizontal sundial
Traditional equatorial sundail is a
simplified form of a globe having
Earth's orientation. It is as a cut off,
along the equator and the axis from
a globe.
t h  arctg (sin  L  tan(t d ))
MECHANICS and HYDRODYNAMICS
Such a picture on
ceramic tiles would
inspire students to
think about this nice
phenomena, its cause
and explanation.
Model of a fountain for teaching
basic laws of hydrodynamics and
for application and illustration of
the roots of the quadratic equation.
Can you calculate the speed of the water in point A? Can
you write an equation for the trajectory?
Deck the Halls columns, The Physics Teacher
Educative fountain in the
courtyard of the Regional center
for professional advancement of
teachers in Sabac
Students work at the Annual competition of talents
Organized by Centers for talented students
THE PARADOX OF TORRICELLI’S THEOREM
Autori:
Isidora Jakšić i Nemanja Begunić,
Učenici II7 razreda gimnazije, Pančevo
Mentor:
Jasmina Ćosić,
Profesor gimnazije ,,Uroš Predić”, Pančevo
Pretpostavljeni izgled
mlaznica koji uzima u
obzir samo Toričelijevu
teoremu
L/2
L
L–H
L–H
L
L/2
H
H
–
Realno isticanje vode
iz mlaznica u skladu
sa Toričelijevom
teoremom i zakonom
horizontalnog hica
Student in Mathematical high school in Belgrade
constructed Brachistohrone for his final exam
(maturski rad)
…
Uranium decay series along the staircase
Evolucija duz stepenista-Science museum Boston
Learning about number pi and basic elements of
infinitesimal calculus by imitating architects from
Lepenski Vir and Archimedes
The meaning of the number pi would be understood and
remembered properly for ever if thought by measuring radiuses
ri and circumferences Oi of many large concentric circles drawn
in a courtyard and by evaluating the ratios Oi/ri.
If a corridor and a courtyard of a school would be decorated with a
series of circles having inscribed more and more regular polygons,
the idea of a limit and its use in infinitesimal calculus would become
familiar to very young students.
MATEMATIČKI SAT
PLANNED
AND
UNDER CONSTRUCTION
INSTALLATIONS
Meridian in Greenwich and in Prague
External meridian
На источној и западној
траци су означени
извесни градови и
њихове лонгитуде
1.6 милиона посетилаца
посети Гринич сваке године
Показивач страна света и рам у
равни меридијана,
на врху брда Сама буква на
Копаонику,
на 1436 метара надморске висине
Праћење промене
облика слике
синусиоде и круга на
хоризонталној равни
током дана
Посматрање и бележење
померања сенке стуба и промене
дужине сенке током дана,
ради одређивања правца
меридијана
10:0
0
10:30
11:00
12:15
13:00
13:15
13:30
12:45 zenit
13:45
14:15
15:15
15:45
Multifunctional column
Multifunkcionalan stub: ilustruje zakon slobodnog pada
u gravitacionom polju, klatno, označava strane sveta,
vrednost ubrzanja g, geografsku visinu i širinu, vrednost
magnetne deklinacije, ispod stuba je obeležen meridijan,
ima refleksione ploćice za posmatrenje polarizacije
svetlosti, nosac za fotoćelije
Ispod stuba obeleziti dvanaest putanja vrha senke stuba, za
dvanaest meseci. Povuci meridijan.
INTERNAL MERIDIAN
Paolo Toscenlei, 1475, Santa Maria del Fiore,
Firenza
In 1574, Danti moves to Bologna and starts to
construct the meridian in the basilica San
Petronio in Bologna.
Сунце у Санта Марија дел Фиоре у
Фиренци за време лета.
Egnazio Danti, Santa Maria del Fiori започео
1571-1574 started the construction of internal
meridiona in order to determine the length of
the tropical year in connection with the
reform of Julian calendar.
The bell “la scholara” used to announce
the begiining of lectrues at the Univeristy of
Bologna.
Данти је конструисао меридијан
унутар Сан Петронио у Болоњи.
Украсио је линију са плочама које
су приказивале пролазак Сунца
током године кроз сазвежђа дуж
еклиптике. Овај меридијан је
служио 75 година.
Цртеж меридијана који је конструисао Егнацио Данти
објављен у Almagestum Novum od Riccoli, 1576.
1582 је усвојен и проглашен нови календар, Грегоријански календар.
1655 године Касини је у Сан Петронију конструисао нови, дужи меридијан. Фотографије
показују прелазак Сунчевог диска преко Касинијевог меридијана, на дан 20 марта 2000.
Велики меридијан који је пројектовао Касини 1655
1655 Касини је предложио да се изгради меридијан који
ће бити знатно дужи од Дантијевог меридијана. Предлог
је прихваћен. Циљ је био да се провери дужина тропске
године што је могуће тачније.
У лето 1655 Касини је позвао грађане и
универзитетске професоре да присуствују
проласку слике Сунца преко
меридијанске линије.
Касинијева мерења 1655, и касније
са сином, су потврдила коректност
Грегоријанске реформе, а тиме и то
. 1700. година треба да буде
да
изостављена као преступна.
Касинијева јавна и тајна намера при конструкцији великог меридијана у Сан
Петронију 1655.
Јавна намера је била да провери ваљаност Грегоријанског календара.
Тајна намера је била да конструише инструмент који ће да разреши
питање из расправе о хелиоцентричном и геоцентричном систему.
Nicolaus Copernicus
Little Comentary, 1512
De Revolutionibus Orbium Caelestium, 1543
Djordano Bruno spaljen 1600.
1616 Kopernikovo delo De Revolutionibus… je
stavljeno na spisak Index Librorum Prohibitorum
Johannes Kepler
The Rudolphine Tables of planetary
motions, 1627
1633 Gelileo Galilej osudjen od strane
Rimske Inkvizicije da se odrekne
Kopernikove teorije.
Користећи велики меридијан у Сан Петронију,
Касинији је утврдио да је пречник слике Сунца на
поду 26 cm у лето, а да су линеарне димензије слике
168 cm x 64cm у зиму.
Пратећи током године промену величине Сунчевог диска
дуж меридијана, Касини је дао директну потврду другог
Кеплеровог закона, а тиме и доказ у прилог
Коперниковој теорији према којој је Земља једна од
планета Сунчевог система.
This picture from
Astronomie, The
Modern Perspective
suggests in an ideal
way how to use school
design to teach basic
elements of a cone.
The sections of a cone
are crucial for
understanding and
memorizing the
classification of
orbits in the
gravitational field.
Retrograde motion of planets may be demonstrated on a school wall
with two students moving with appropriate speeds along two
concentric circles in a courtyard
.
J.Bennett at al., The Cosmic Perspective, Addison
Wesley, 2003
SOUND
Deck the Halls
columns, The
Physics Teacher
(1972-2001)
Melodic fence
Spielgeraete-Richter,
Play stations for
developing senses
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pair_of_para
bolic_acoustic_mirrors.jpg
Pair of parabolic acoustic reflectors pointed at each other to make a
"whispering gallery" in the Physics dept. When a person stands at
the focus of one reflector and whispers, the sound can be heard by a
person standing at the focus of the other reflector.
CONCLUSION
Outdoor installations for teaching physics may be very useful not only for learning
physics but also for using physics knowledge in learning mathematics,
astronomy, geography, environmental topics.
Fortunately architects initiated and cordially carry out innovative school design as
well as improvement of learning environment as a whole
Closer collaboration of science educators and school designers is evidently necessary
and could be very fruitful
In order to turn these initiatives and individual efforts into general practice there
are other parties that should necessarily fully cooperate:
- developers and authors of curiculum and educational program
- authors of standards for school buildings
- ministries of education
- school administration
- investors
- …….
References
1. M. Božić, V. Milićević and S. Nikolić, Innovative school design for science education, Proc. Conf.
Advanced Technologies in Education, ed. by S.Sotiriou and N. Dalamagas, (Ellinogermaniki Agogi,
Athens, 2007) pp. 113-122.
2. M. Popović-Božić, Ј. Sliško and T. Marković-Topalović, Podsticajna okolina za učenje prirodnih nauka,
Zbornik Republičkog seminara o nastavi fizike, Vranje, 2011 (Društvo fizičara Srbije, Beograd, 2011).
3. J. Pizzo, editor, Interactive Physics Demonstrations (AAPT, College Park, 2001)
4. A. Wolfendale, Europhysics News, 30 (4) (1999) 111.
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6. http://www.ea.gr/ea/main.asp?id=100&lag=en
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The Physics Teacher 43 (2005) 604-607.
8. M. Božić and M. Ducloy, Erathostenes’ teachings with a globe in a school yard, Physics Education 43
(2008) 165-172.
9. M. Božić, D. Cucić, T. Marković-Topalović and I. Savić, Određivanje i primena meridijana, Zbornik
konferencije „Kalendarsko znanje i doprinos Milutina Milankovića“, Beograd, 2011 (Udruženje Milutin
Milanković, Beograd, 2012).
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seminara o nastavi fizike, Beograd, 2012 (Društvo fizičara Srbije, Beograd, 2012)
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(2011) 365.
12. http://www.poko.ipb.ac.rs
13. G. Planinšič, Color Mixer for Every student, Physics Teacher 42 (2004) 138-142.
14. P.Nair, & R.Fielding, The Language of School Design, Design Principles for 21th Century (DesignShare, Minneapolis, 2005).
15. http:// www.spielgeraete-richter.de
16. http://www.designshare.com/