Use of Olive Oil Production Residues Ioannis Eleftheriadis
Transcription
Use of Olive Oil Production Residues Ioannis Eleftheriadis
Use of Olive Oil Production Residues Ioannis Eleftheriadis Biomass Dept., CRES Olives & olive oil production in Mediterranean Resource: FAOSTAT database, FAO Importance of the olive oil sector in Mediterranean More than 6,000 years Social and economic 1. Agricultural development 2. More that 2,000,000 companies Environmental 1. 2. Avoid desertification Soil protection Olive oil production units Olive Olive mills kernels industries Refine units Sharing of olive products & residues Resource: IMPROLIVE Project, FAIR CT96 1420), final report Processing methods Traditional process 3-phase decanter 2-phase decanter Comparative data for three olive oil extraction processes (IMPROLIVE project, FAIR CT96-1420, final report) PRODUCTION PROCESS INPUT AMOUNT OF OUTPUT INPUT Traditional pressing process Olives Washing water Energy 1000 kg 0.1-0.12 m3 40-63 kWh Oil Solid waste (c.25% water + 6% oil) Waste water (c.88% water) Three-phase Olives Washing water decanter 1000 kg 0.1-0.12 m3 0.5-1 m3 10 kg 40-63 kWh Oil Solid waste (c.50% water + 4% oil) Waste water(c.94% water + 1% oil) 200 kg 500-600 kg 1000 1200 kg Two-phase decanter 1000 kg 0.1-0.12 m3 <90-117kWh Oil Solid waste (c.60% water + 3% oil) 200 kg 800-950 kg Fresh water Water to polish the impure oil Energy Olives Washing water Energy AMOUNT OF OUTPUT 200 kg 400 kg 600 kg 3-phase decanter 2-phase decanter Olive mills residues potential (tons) Olive kernels mills Potential of consumption (tons) Problems of olive oil production residues Pollution of ground water levels Strong smell Handling of non env. friendly wastes Storage of wastes in specific points 2-phase decantation Evaporation of wastes Use of residues for other purposes (e.g. bioenergy) Conversions methods Combustion Pyrolysis Gasification Anaerobic digestion Composting Current use of olive cake for bioenergy purposes Cover of energy needs in agro-industry Alternative heating) Heating Other fuel in rural areas (house of green houses industries Legal framework and motives for investment Law 2244/94 1. Two categories of power producers, independent and industries 2. Capacity limit for independent producers = 50 MWe 3. Use of produced power in industries 4. Market price of power = 70-90% of retail price 5. PPC is charged to buy the power under contract Legal framework and motives for investment National program for energy Law 2234/94 – subsidies 40 - 60% 2364/95 – taxes reduction up to 75% for RES technologies inv. Problems in bioenergy Seasonal Spatial production distribution Low capacity units Low energy content Suggestions 2-phase process High capacity units Small distance transportation Taxes reduction Subsidies Use of filters in chimneys (combustion) Bioenergy units Example 1 – e.g. “N.E. BIOMASS HELLAS S.A.” – 26,2 MWe nominal capacity – 2-phase process Example 2 – PPC co-firing in Megalopolis (Peloponnesus) Thank you !!!