Chorioamnionitis and GBS NUHS-Evanston General Care Nursery Rotation
Transcription
Chorioamnionitis and GBS NUHS-Evanston General Care Nursery Rotation
Chorioamnionitis and GBS NUHS-Evanston General Care Nursery Rotation What would you do in this scenario? • A newborn infant is born to a G1P0 mom at 39 2/7 week by SVD • Mom: GBS + at 34 weeks • Labor complicated by maternal fever to 103 and fetal tachycardia. • Mother received 3 doses of penicillin prior to delivery • Rupture of membranes was 6 hours prior to the infant's delivery. • What treatment and/or evaluation would you complete for the infant? Choose the best answer A. CBC, Blood culture and observe in the hospital for 48 hours B. CBC, Blood culture and antibiotics for 48 hours while cultures are pending C. CBC, Blood culture, and antibiotics for 7 days D. NO laboratory work but observe for 48 hours in the hospital E. No laboratory work and discharge after 24 hours of hospital observations Case 2 • • • • • A newborn infant is born to a G1P0 mom at 38 4/7 week by SVD Mother GBS+ at 37 weeks gestation Mom received 2 doses of penicillin, >4 hours before delivery Rupture of membranes was 3 hours prior to delivery, there were no signs of maternal chorioamnionitis What treatment and/or evaluation would you complete for the infant? Choose the best answers A. CBC, Blood culture and observe in the hospital for 48 hours B. CBC, Blood culture and antibiotics for 48 hours while cultures are pending C. CBC, Blood culture, and antibiotics for 7 days D. NO laboratory work but observe for 48 hours in the hospital E. No laboratory work and discharge after 24 hours of hospital observations ACOG Definition • Chorioamnionitis: – Acute inflammation of membranes and chorion of the placenta. – Typically polymicrobial bacterial infection with rupture of membranes – 1-4% of all births – 40-70% of preterm Risk factors • Colonization of Group B strep: 11% risk of infection • PROM • Nulliparity • African American • Multiple vaginal exams • • • • Prolong labor Epidural Meconium staining Drug or alcohol abuse • Immune compromised • STDs • Ureaplasma Clinical diagnosis during labor or delivery • Tachycardia – Maternal HR > 100 ( 30-80% sensitive) – Fetal HR > 160 ( 40-70% sensitive) • Uterine fundal tenderness ( 4-25% sensitive) • Fever: – > 100.4 X2 or 101 X1 (95-100% sensitive) • Foul odor to amniotic fluid ( 5-22% sensitive) • Epidural can confuse the picture as it can cause similar symptoms Maternal Complications of Chorioamnionitis • • • • • Endomyometritis Wound infection Pelvic abscess Bacteremia Post partum hemorrhage • Treatment Ampicillin q6hr Fetal Complication of Chorioamnionitis • Fetal inflammatory Response with release of cytokines • Fetal death • Neonatal sepsis Neonatal Complications • • • • • • • Perinatal death Asphyxia Early onset sepsis Septic shock Pneumonia Intraventricular Hemorrhage Cerebral Palsy Since GBS causes >11% of early neonatal infections prevention has improved outcomes: Go to : http://www.cdc.gov/groupbstrep/guidelines/sli desets.html Review the slide set: Early-onset Group B Streptococcal Disease Prevention: For Clinicians CDC Algorithm for prevention Neonatal Sepsis Workups in Infants>= 2000g at birth: A Population-Based Study • • • • • Large population based study performed at Kaiser Permanente by Escobar Looked at 2785 of 18,299 infants were evaluated for infection with CBC +/- blood culture. 62/2785(2.2%) met criteria for infection and were 100% symptomatic by 10 hours of life. Initial asymptomatic status was associated with decreased risk of infection Infants whose mother’s did not receive intrapartum antibiotics had increase risk if: – Maternal chorioamnionitis – Low ANC – Meconium stained fluid Study Conclusions • The risk of bacterial infection in asymptomatic newborns is low ~ 1% • Infants of Mothers who are treated with intrapartum antibioitcs specifically: penicillin, ampicillin or cefazolin are more likely to be asymptomatic Data on Antibiotics for Intrapartum GBS Prophylaxis • Penicillin and ampicillin given as intrapartum prophylaxis are effective in preventing earlyonset GBS disease. • Cefazolin is probably effective as GBS intrapartum prophylaxis. • No similar data available for clindamycin, erythromycin, or vancomycin. NorthShore Guidelines: • If Signs of Neonatal Sepsis: – Call the ISCU and the pediatrician – CBC w/dif, Blood Culture, LP, CXR if respiratory distress – Start antibiotics: IV ampicillin and cefotaxime • If Maternal Chorioamnionitis: – CBC w/dif, Blood Culture, vitals every 4 hours. – Did mother receive IV Pencillin/Ampicillin/Cefazolin >= 4 hours prior to delivery? » Yes: Call pediatrician with CBC results, they may or may not decide to start antibiotics » No: start IV Ampicillin and Cefotaxime and call pediatrician with CBC results GBS prophylaxis indications: • GBS prophylaxis is not indicated in C-section with intact membranes at time of delivery • GBS prophylaxis indications: – – – – Previous infant with invasive GBS disease GBS bacteriuria during the current pregnancy + GBS screening in late gestation Unknown GBS status at onset of labor plus any of the following: » < 37 wg » ROM > 18 hours » Intrapartum temp > 100.3 Is GBS prophylaxis indicated for mother? – No: routine care – Yes: Did mother receive IV Penicillin, Ampicillin, or Cefotaxime > = 4 hours prior to delivery? » No: Call the pediatrician. – Baby > 37 wg and ROM < 18 hours: observe with q4 hour vitals for 48 hrs. May leave at 24 hours if has good follow up – Baby < 37 wg or ROM >= 18 hours: CBC with dif, Blood Culture, observe with q4 hour vitals for 48 hours. » Yes: observation with q4 hour vitals for 48 hours. May leave at 24 hours if has good follow up. Case 3 • A newborn infant is born to a G3P2 mom at 38 5/7 week by SVD. Maternal screen was positive for GBS at 34 weeks. Mom received one dose of penicillin 2 hours prior to a precipitous delivery. There were no signs of chorioamnionitis. Rupture of membranes was 4 hours prior to delivery. The infant is admitted to the newborn nursery at 2 hours of age and appears well. What treatment and/or evaluation would you complete for the infant? Please select the best answer A. CBC, Blood culture and observe in the hospital for 48 hours B. CBC, Blood culture and antibiotics for 48 hours while cultures are pending C. CBC, Blood culture, and antibiotics for 7 days D. NO laboratory work but observe for 48 hours in the hospital E. No laboratory work and discharge after 24 hours of hospital observations Case 4 • A newborn infant is born to a G1P0 mom at 36 2/7 week by SVD. The mother presented in active labor and rupture of membranes was 2 hours prior to delivery. Maternal screen was positive for group B streptococcus at 34 weeks. She received one dose of penicillin 3 hours prior to delivery. The infant appears well shortly after birth. What treatment and/or evaluation would you complete for this infant? Please select the best answer A. CBC, Blood culture and observe in the hospital for 48 hours B. CBC, Blood culture and antibiotics for 48 hours while cultures are pending C. CBC, Blood culture, and antibiotics for 7 days D. NO laboratory work but observe for 48 hours in the hospital E. No laboratory work and discharge after 24 hours of hospital observations Case 5 • A newborn infant is born to a G2P1 mom at 37 2/7 week by SVD. The mother presented in active labor and rupture of membranes was 20 hours prior to delivery. Maternal screen was positive for group B streptococcus at 34 weeks. Mom has a history of anaphylaxis reaction to penicillin so one dose of vancomycin was given prior to delivery. The infant appears well. What treatment and/or evaluation would you complete for this infant? Please select the best answer A. CBC, Blood culture and observe in the hospital for 48 hours B. CBC, Blood culture and antibiotics for 48 hours while cultures are pending C. CBC, Blood culture, and antibiotics for 7 days D. NO laboratory work but observe for 48 hours in the hospital E. No laboratory work and discharge after 24 hours of hospital observations References • http://www.cdc.gov/groupbstrep/index.html • Tita A, Andrews W. Diagnosis and Management of Clinical Chorioamnionitis. Clinical Perinatol. 2010 June 37(2): 339-354. • Escobar et al. Neonatal Sepsis Workups in Infants>= 2000 Grams at Birth: A PopulationBased Study. Pediatrics. 2000 Aug106(2):256-263. References continued • Neuman Thomas et al. Interpreting Complete Blood Counts Soon After Birth in Newborns at Risk for Sepsis. Pediatrics 2010 November; 126(5): 903-909.