What is political consulting?
Transcription
What is political consulting?
What is political consulting? Published by the German Association of Political Consultants (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Politikberatung e.V. - de´ge´pol) Reinhardtstrasse 6 10117 Berlin Tel: +49 30 280 40 303 Fax: +49 30 280 95 458 Editor-in-chief: Dominik Meier Editorial: Dr. Marco Althaus, Peter-Alberto Behrens, Jochen Keinath, Heiko Kretschmer, Juri Maier, Constanze Miller, Anja Schlicht, Christoph Selig, Dr. Steffen Wenzel, Kathrin Zabel January 2006 Design: Hesselbom Berlin Ltd Sponsored by Hesselbom Berlin Ltd, johanssen + kretschmer Contents About political consulting 4 What is political consulting? 6 Campaign consulting 8 Policy consulting 9 Public affairs 9 Tools 11 Prospects for professionalisation 18 de’ge’pol code of conduct 20 Quality management in political consulting 24 About political consulting The German Association of Political Consultants (de’ge’pol) is the first association of German-speaking professionals who are active in the field of political consultancy in Germany and in Europe. Founded in May 2002, de’ge’pol considers itself a part of the European and international profession of political consultants. It has set itself the task of furthering the professionalisation of political consulting and conveying a clear profile of political consulting to the public, business and politics. De’ge’pol is independent and non-partisan and is sustained exclusively by honorary work. With this brochure we aim to encourage the discussion of the self-conception of political consulting, its tools and quality standards, its code of conduct and its professionalisation. We want to conduct this discussion in a European and international context. We are aware that reservations, false preconceptions and mistrust constrain the co-operation with political consultants in Germany. Thus, it is all the more important that information is made available on the fields of work and the regulations of this young profession. As an association, this is our overriding interest. Political consulting is a professional service. It must be measurable by the standards of quality, transparency and credibility. Only then will it - in a positive sense - become more professional. The German Association of Political Consultants wishes to support this process. It aims to contribute to the formulation and further development of the theoretical and conceptual foundations of the professional field, and identifies itself with the ethical standards of the profession. This requires interaction with clients, competitors and critics. Also important, however, is the code of conduct adopted by de’ge’pol and the criteria catalogue on quality management in political consultancy for its members. This brochure is not a scientific paper, nor does it claim to be exhaustive. The contributors, however, are political consultants with many years of practical experience. The text is based upon lengthy discussions, internally within de’ge’pol, as well as externally with experts from politics, business, academia and society. Berlin in August 2005 Dominik Meier What is political consulting? To state in advance; the term is not one that lends itself well to a single interpretation. Rather it is multifaceted. However, the expression ‘political consulting’ has increasingly established itself as a collective term for a broad, yet specific, spectrum of professional services in the political field. Fundamentally we can differentiate between two forms of political consulting: the consulting of political decision makers, groups and parties, the consulting of decision makers, organisations and businesses which operate within the political sphere. Political consulting thus takes on a function of dual mediation. On the one hand, political consulting mediates between politics, business and the public. On the other hand, political consulting builds bridges between science and political practice. Present day political consulting can be divided - at least in Germany - into three fields of activity: campaign consulting policy consulting public affairs These three fields within the scope of political consulting utilise different consulting tools. Campaign consulting The objective of campaign consulting is the generation and transmission of political messages that aim to generate high levels of awareness and approval among specific target groups. Campaigns are concentrated, temporary and conducted with defined goals by a campaigns team in accordance with the principles of the project management. The planning, implementation, coordination and control of a campaign are described as campaign management, which establishes the operative framework for the implementation of political forms of communication. Flexibility and the ability to act and react in a particularly dynamic environment are the preconditions for campaign consulting. The concept of the political campaign derives from the election campaign, as well as from protest and citizens’ movements. Following the examples of political parties, non-profit-organisations, citizens’ initiatives and trade unions, businesses too are finding new opportunities to transmit arguments and information to political decision-makers and societal opinion-formers. For this, instruments are also employed that have been borrowed from election campaign management, political marketing and advertising. Policy consulting Policy consulting is the strategic consulting of organisations and decision makers in order to implement proposed solutions in a specific political area of activity and, in the long term, to achieve specific objectives as regards content. Political consulting presupposes a particularly high textual and analytical competence, as well as relevant academic qualifications. Political consultancy mediates intensively between science and political practice. Strategic and operative concepts are formulated based on empirical and scientific analyses of the political field. Political consulting thus is based on knowledge of governmental strategy, as well as of the formulation, implementation, coordination and evaluation of political programmes. Public affairs Public affairs is the strategic management of decision-making processes in the dialogue between politics, business and society. It integrates businesses, associations, interest groups and organisations into this process in the long term. Public affairs organises the external relations of an organisation, above all, with governments, parliaments, authorities and communities. Public affairs is the representation and mediation of the interests of organisations, employees and members in a political context. This can be done either directly or indirectly, via decision-makers or opinion-formers, or via advertising and the media. Public affairs is thus not limited to the interests of business, but also embraces social, societal and other interests. 10 The scope of public affairs reaches from the joint shaping of legislative and administrative areas of activity to active involvement in controversial public debates. In doing so, public affairs is based on the awareness that business must now operate to an ever increasing extent in the public sphere. The tools of political consulting Campaign consulting, policy consulting and public affairs utilise a broad spectrum of common tools. These include: fundraising, image management, issues management, political IT consulting, lobbying, monitoring, network building, strategy consulting, strategic research, knowledge transfer. 11 Fundraising Organisations, projects and campaigns need to be financed. Fundraising, as a systematic tool for the acquisition of donations, funds and sponsoring, creates and ensures a permanent solid financial basis for projects, political initiatives and organisations. 12 While the acquisition of donations and sponsors is based on personal address and the adoption of modern technologies of relationship management and dialogue marketing (databases, address administration, mailings, telephone- and web-marketing, events), fundraising consulting comprises of the sounding out of tenders, the preparation of project applications and the building up of project partnerships. Image management Decision-makers in organisations and businesses must construct and maintain a targeted image in order to acquire personal credibility and competency in their communications. This is managed through the professional preparation of public performances. This consulting service includes personal training and coaching before the camera, in interviews and discussion situations, as well as in front of the public. The classical presentation techniques involving gesture, speech and breathing techniques are supplemented by the mastering of body language and modern forms of presentation. A precondition for a credible performance is the adoption of the operating modes of the modern media landscape. Issues management Issues are topics of public interest that possess a high degree of relevancy for an enterprise or an organisation. These themes are not fixed and unchanging, but move along a dynamic of arguments and awareness. Theme flows and cycles are spoken of, which map the changing of positions, priorities, competencies, conflict and consensus. Issues management plans and directs the communication of these topics on the political and public agenda. It can bring them to the centre of media and public attention and discussion in order to identify specific positions to the respective addressee (agenda setting); build up a topic step-by-step via various actions or publications (agenda building); or enable the profiting from the popularity of current or emerging issues (agenda surfing). In connection with political events, topics can often develop their own- dangerous- dynamism. Issues management, therefore, also involves the prevention of crises and crisis management. It ensures the ability to react quickly in a controlled manner, in order to maintain credibility, maximise the number of courses of action in a crisis, and from this to extract new opportunities. 13 Political IT consultancy 14 The internet and the multiplicity of electronic online platforms (intranets, chat rooms, newsgroups and email newsletters) have profoundly altered target group orientated political communication. Virtually every form of political organisation and communication today has an online component. State institutions use electronic channels to enable simpler and less bureaucratic procedures in administration and in their contact with citizens (e-government). Multimedia-based, interactive and continually updated products must be established and overseen by specialists; often in order to supplement more traditional tools. Political consultants strategically use this information technology and integrate it into their communications planning. At the same time they advise organisations in order to improve their internal flow of information, and thus their productivity. Lobbying The direct communication with representatives of state institutions - in particular governments, parliaments and authorities - regarding the agenda and position of an enterprise or an organisation towards specific political, legislative and administrative plans, is termed as lobbying or government relations. Monitoring Monitoring describes the continual observation of developments, policy fields, programmes and media reports that are relevant for an organisation. With the help of continual monitoring, themes and policies identified as relevant can be detected early and an early-warning-system can be built up. Network building Addresses, details and information regarding crucial contacts constitute the foundation of all political communication. For this an information system is required that offers continually updated details of areas of interest of the most important political, business and societal players. Political consultants process this information for strategic application. They prepare suitable channels of information and events in order to reach the contact persons. Strategy consulting Strategy consulting has two dimensions: the analysis of the general framework, actors and interests in the political sphere, as well as the implementation of courses of action. It is essential that the scope for manoeuvre is identified and practical courses of action are formulated. A part of strategy consulting is the continual examination and updating of the joint strategy formulation and strategy development. 15 Strategic research Market and opinion research contribute to the formulation and optimising of political strategies via their quantitative investigation and qualitative analysis. 16 Using these results, political consulting identifies important characteristics and interests of players and population groups in order to detect the conditions for effective and efficient communication. Quantitative research identifies representative results for specific population groups that can be conferred onto a larger group. Qualitative research attempts - for example in structured group discussions (focus groups) - to gain information regarding the nature of material and psychological foundations for positions. Knowledge transfer Strategic consulting requires the analysis and identification of knowledge relevant to actions and thus, in turn, the gathering and preparation of information and documents. Decision-makers are hindered in equal measures by a surplus, as well as a lack of information. Political consultants separate the important from the less important, and establish criteria for so-doing. They support the research and training of those who gather and work on information. They also support the setting up of internal webs of knowledge and the qualification of personnel. 17 Prospects for professionalisation Political consulting as a profession requires a systematic educating and training on the basis of a recognised code of competency and knowledge. Political consulting is, irrespective of whether it is carried out as an external consultant or as an employee, a career whose standing depends on the achievements of those who pursue it. 18 Access to the field of political consulting is open, and rightly so. Political consultants in Germany are primarily still career-changers and autodidacts. The vocational field of political consulting is lacking a clear profile. This can lead to attacks on the integrity of political consulting as a whole. At the same time, however, there is a demand for specialists and executives who can demonstrate serious and legitimate qualifications in political consulting on a scientific level. Further training in the occupational fields of campaign consulting, policy consulting and public affairs today relies on an ever increasing provision of seminars and training courses, from commercial and independent agencies to foundations with links to parties. The traditional forms, goals and disciplines of the university qualification in Germany do not suffice to meet the demands of a modern training in political consultancy, neither in the undergraduate nor the postgraduate varieties. The offerings of the German universities in legal, economic, political and communication studies are too remote from political practice and from the reality of the competing interests and mediums, as well as from the communications dynamic of modern societies. The de’ge’pol strives for dialogue with higher and further education and training facilities, especially with universities. It speaks up for the intensification of research into the practice and theory of political consulting. Furthermore, de’ge’pol supports and furthers initiatives for the establishment of a modern form of further education for political consultants in Germany, merging specialised management knowledge, strategic thinking and a sense of democratic responsibility into a new qualification. The de’ge’pol supports an alignment with international standards of university-linked further education for political consulting as they emerge, above all in Brussels and in Anglo-Saxon countries. Professional conduct demands that de’ge’pol clearly commits itself to greater transparency, democratic values and ethical career codes of conduct for a practice that must be taught and learnt, in accordance with the code of conduct and the catalogue of criteria for quality management in political consulting. In addition analytical competencies and medial key qualifications are required, as well as practical knowledge for the strategic management of political institutions, processes, communications and representation of interests. 19 Code of Conduct German Association of Political Consultants Preamble 20 Political consultants play a mediatory role between economics, politics and the public. This presents them the challenge of maintaining the interests of the client, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, ensuring as an objective of political consulting the protection of the common good when implementing the individual interests of a client. The constant transition between the fields of politics, economics and the public thus demands from political consultants a particular sensitivity and transparency in carrying out their work. Against this background, codes of conduct have already been adopted by the Society of European Affairs Professionals (SEAP), based in Brussels, the American Association of Political Consultants (AAPC) and the British Association of Professional Political Consultants (APPC). In the context of the process of professionalisation within political consulting, to present a clear sign of its transparency to the public and clients from the spheres of politics, economics and civil society, the German Association of Political Consultants e.V. (de’ge’pol) has produced a self-contained code of conduct, de’ge’pol members are professionals from the fields of public affairs, policy consulting and campaign consulting. The code of conduct Political consulting is an integral part of the democratic process. In carrying out their careers political consultants respect and advance the basic principles of international law, and the guidelines of the national legislation, in particular the basic principles of freedom of speech, the right to information, independence of the media and the protection of individual rights. Integrity, the maintaining of democratic rules of play, as well as respect for the democratic basic order create the preconditions for debate regarding the foremost ideas and concepts. With this concept of self-definition, members of de’ge’pol stand for the professionalisation of political consulting. The members of de’ge’pol commit themselves to follow the following basic principles in carrying out their professional activities: Truthfulness A commitment to truthfulness with clients, political institutions, the media and the public: de’ge’pol members work solely with information that, to the best of their knowledge, reflects the truth. Close attention is paid to transparency and avoiding misinforming by utilising false information. In carrying out their professional activities, they disclose the name of their client as long, as they are working on their behalf. 21 Discretion A commitment to discretion: confidential information from current or previous clients is only to be passed on with their express consent. 22 Furthermore, de’ge’pol members are careful to avoid potential professional conflicts of interest by simultaneously representing directly irreconcilable interests. The client should be informed about any possible conflicts of interest. No financial incentives In the communication and realisation of interests, de’ge’pol members do not exert any dishonest or illegal influences, especially not via direct or indirect financial incentives. No discrimination In their professional activities de’ge’pol members commit themselves to allowing no form of racist, sexist, religious or other forms of discrimination, and from taking part in them. Respect de’ge’pol members treat clients and colleagues respectfully and are committed to respecting their professional and personal reputations. Clear separation In their professional consulting and representation, de’ge’pol members hold in high regard the strict separation between, on the one hand, their professional activities, and, on the other hand, further political positions, mandates and functions. No disrepute to profession Each de’ge’pol member fundamentally avoids activities that could damage the reputation of the community of political consultants, political consulting or the public image of de’ge’pol. With their membership the members of de’ge’pol have accepted this code of conduct and will promote its abidance, circulation and further development. 23 24 de ge pol – criteria catalogue for quality management in political consulting Political consulting contributes considerably to the preparation, coordination and mediation of political decisions. With the ever growing demands on politics, the need for quality assurance in political consulting is also increasing. The German Association of Political Consultants e.V. (de’ge’pol) views the development and continual improvement of standards as an indispensable precondition to the professionalisation of consulting activities for organisations that engage political consultants. The quality of political consulting can thus be measured by: the ability to effectively direct the planning of resources towards the preconceived goals and the available means in political, economic and societal conflicts and in competitive situations, the individual and specialist knowledge of the political consultancy personnel, the efficiency and verifiability of the process of political consulting. Internal and external political consultants always act in the interests of their clients or businesses, and are aware that they also outwardly represent them during the course of the assignment. In this respect they understand customer orientation. The quality criteria offer political consultants and clients a basis for: an optimising of their own services, a differentiation within the field of political consulting, assistance in differentiating between the choice among providers of consultancy services. The de’ge’pol criteria catalogue for quality management in political consulting, which was adopted in 2005, complements the de’ge’pol code of conduct from the year 2003. The code of conduct and the criteria catalogue comprise the basic principles of professional political consulting, as held by de’ge’pol*. * The texts of the de’ge’pol criteria catalogue and the de’ge’pol code of conduct are copyrighted. The de’ge’pol prohibits thus political consultants who are not members of de’ge’pol from advertising any adherence to the de’ge’pol regulations in their documentation. de’ge’pol members are required to notify the board of corresponding malpractice. 25 1. Personnel 1.1 Quality of expertise 1.1.1 Political expertise Political consultants seek solutions that do justice to the standings of scholarship, the development of the branch and their respective assignments to the best of their ability. Political consultants know of the relevant political organisations, institutions and processes of decision making and communication, as well as the basic constitutional standards, processes of legislation making, rules of procedure and executive and legislative codes of practice. Political convictions, basic principles and Weltanschauung are important starting points for the work of political consultants. They are, however, required to separate clearly between their own political opinions and the political goals of their consulting. Political consultants maintain a far-reaching web of contacts in the political sphere that they use as resources for their consulting activities under adherence to the de’ge’pol code of conduct. 26 1.1.2 Communicative competency Professional political consulting places high demands on communicative competence and the ability to analyse the respective stakeholders, and from this to derive recommended courses of action. Political consulting presupposes the ability to convert specific political expertise into goal oriented communication measures. Among this is included, on the one hand, a good knowledge of the instruments which are made available to political scientists and communications scientists, and on the other hand a personal integrity and communications skills for appearances and dialogue with stakeholder groups. 1.1.3. Competency in problem solving as a condition of the assignment acceptance Political consultants only take on assignments for which their skills, experience and personnel meet those required for the work. Political consultants in their responsibility for personnel only assign this responsibility to staff members when they posses the required professional and commercial qualifications. 1.1.4 Training and development Political consultants continually keep up with the latest developments in political practices in their specialist area and the scientific disciplines relevant to them. They continually strive to improve their knowledge, skills and methods of procedure. Characteristics of a continual improvement in the rendering of political consulting services are appropriate measures of further education, the acquiring of additional qualifications, as well as the utilisation of scholarly literature. 1.2 Personal qualities 1.2.1 Independence, neutrality and integrity Professional political consulting is carried out in accordance with the professional issues and goals of the client. In their consulting activities, political consultants strive, as far as possible, for a personally impartial, objective and neutral analysis and evaluation. They inform their client of particularly critical positions and situations in order to avoid conflict of interest or goals in good time. Political consultants who are active as external consultants inform their members of staff of the assignment and the requirements for independent consulting, especially in consideration of financial and personal relations to clients, and supervise their members of staff in this respect. 1.2.2 Confidentiality/ discretion Discretion is understood in the sense of the de’ge’pol code of conduct. Political consultants are aware of particular position of confidentiality in the consulting relationship. They treat all information regarding the consulting relationship as strictly confidential. Political consultants inform their members of staff of the obligation to safeguard the relationship of mutual trust, and explain to them the consequent requirements and supervise their members of staff accordingly. 27 2. Process/ assignment processing 2.1 Process orientation as quality management In political consulting, processes are often difficult to define and distinguish from one another. Effective and goal orientated political consulting thus requires an intensive exchange of information between consultant and client, in order to analyse processes, to plan, to lead and to improve. This includes information regarding: process functions, working stages, timing, resources, costs, employees, documentation, evaluation. 28 2.2 Efficiency 2.2.1 Objectives Political consultants ascertain and adhere to the client-intended goal of a process-orientated course of action. This goal builds the fundamental foundations of the assignment and allows for the formulation of strategy, as well as for its implementation. In the implementation of public affairs and lobbying measures, political consultants orientate themselves to the concrete business goals of their client. The measuring of success and results is based upon the fulfilling of goals of clearly defined process stages. Individual stages and goals will be defined with the client in close consultation prior to the start of collaboration, and will be reviewed at regular intervals. 2.2.2 Formulation of assignments Based on the defined goals, political consultants formulate concrete tasks in consultation with the client. They build the requirements for the formulation of a process-orientated procedure. Political consultants develop proposals for priorities and scenarios as an aid to the assignment formulation, which could lead to alternatives contingent on different situations. They take into consideration both external factors and internal factors of the client. 2.2.3 Resource planning An appropriate planning of resources is necessary, which guarantees an appropriate and methodical development of the consulting. The elements of a goal and appropriate planning of resources involve: knowledge of clients, political and thematic fields, information on qualifications and availability of members of staff, leadership experience of the project manager, appropriate time scheduling, planning of buffer times. 2.2.4 Orientation towards stakeholders Political consultants systemise and analyse the complex relationship networks of the stakeholders that are relevant for the implementation of the assignment. The achieving of goals and fulfilling of assignments requires the capability of the political consultant to research, identify and analyse the significance of all relevant stakeholders and their specific interests. In their consulting, political consultants take into consideration all players who could be or become meaningful as stakeholders for the goal/ assignment. 2.2.5 Assignment supervision Political consultants assure supervision of the assignment, which incorporates the consulting process from the establishing of contacts to the following-up at the end. This includes: the gathering, processing and preparation of information (including the compiling of new information) in order to fulfil the assignment. the control and, if need be, correction of the detailed plan of work with all individual tasks and quality requirements. the appropriate co-steering of the consulting process from the client. the adherence to the control of proceedings and successes that have been agreed upon when accepting the assignment, if possible not only after its conclusion, but while the project is being carried out. Political consultants who are active as external consultants inform their clients, without prompting and at regular intervals, about the proceeding of the assignment, unless the client specifically demands another arrangement. The informing must take place in such form that it remains possible for the client to give instructions regarding the direction of implementation. 29 Political consultants who are active as external consultants adopt modern procedures of project planning and project management, in order to continually observe the use of instruments and operating procedures according to requirements of an optimal cost-value-ratio, and from this to derive options for supervision. 2.2.6 Reliability of services Political consultants inform their clients as early as possible if stipulated binding guidelines cannot be observed, and declare the precise reasons for this. Political consultants guarantee a monitoring of deadlines for legal and other dates relating to the assignment (such as meetings of bodies, midterm presentations, the releasing of reports.) 30 2.3 Adequacy of process strategy 2.3.1 Structures In the consulting of clients political consultants are aware of the decision-making processes, decision-makers, courses of action and deadlines predetermined by the client. Political consultants appropriately propose alternative structures which may be more beneficial and effective for the consulting process and the development of strategies. Political consultants particularly propose alternative structures if the implementation of strategies by the consultant or the client demands other decision-making processes, decision makers, courses of action or deadlines. 2.3.2 Resources and instruments Political consultants are aware that resources such as time, funds and personnel must be clearly defined and organised in order to carry out a strategy. Political consultants thus give their clients clear advice and recommendations as to how their proposed strategies can be best carried out using the corresponding resources. They also give clear recommendations as to which resources should not be utilised. Political consultants identify and recommend appropriate instruments for the implementation of strategies by exhausting all relevant fields of political consulting and political agencies. 2.4 Dynamic adjustment 2.4.1 Continual observation Political consulting is ideally a service where the consulting and its supply required by the client are available according to the specific requirements, at the right time, on the right scale, to the required quality and in the right place. Regarding quality assurance, political consultants continually adapt their actions to the changing circumstances. Political consultants ensure an optimal flow of information and continually observe the political situation and the relevant respective players in order to optimise their consulting performance and the consulting process. They observe in particular: the political sphere and relevant players, the client’s opponents and their behaviour, economic issues of other market participants and their relationship with the market. Political consultants document the acquired results, which can be compared and from which lessons can be learnt, and instruct their clients as well as their colleagues accordingly in order to optimise the applied strategy for comparative cases in the short- and long-term. 2.5 Verifiability 2.4.1 Continual observation Political consultants agree areas of authority and responsibility for procedures and project contents with clients and colleagues. This agreement takes into consideration the qualifications of those responsible and the internal business practice in the consultancy firm, as well as of the client. The client will be provided with a contact person for all phases and sections of a project, whom the client is guaranteed to be able to reach for the duration of the project. 2.5.2 Information and documentation Political consultants continually update and improve the level of information in the consulting process via exchange with the client. They strive for regular work and project reviews. 31 Professional political consulting includes systematic and easily understandable documentation, which, above all, lists costs and resources, expenditure, activities and appointments. Political consultants who are active as external consultants should present their activities in a written agreement to the client in two sections: as documentation in the project plan or project handbook; to be used as a guide, in the project report documenting the individual stages of planning, organisation and implementation. These individual stages include plans for mid-term and final report production, of milestone and end presenta tions, information, demonstration and learning functions, monitoring, supervision and evaluation. 32 Political consultants who are active as external consultants document projects through administration of; proposals, planning documents, statistics and released documents, correspondence, meeting protocols and contract amendments, phase reports, activity reports, appointment reports, concluding reports, cost receipts, other project documents. Political consultants administer documents via measures which comply with the legal protection of data and the regulations on the saving of data. 2.5.3 Supervision Political consultants are aware that political activities and communication, as part of the strategic management, represent a business added value factor to the client. Political consultants make this business management connection transparent and accept it as an assessment factor of their work. Political consultants who are active as external consultants accept that the establishment, supervision and control of strategic political activities and communications must be adapted to the supervisory system of the client. Political consultants take part in the further development of methods and indices for the supervision of their services. Political consultants see it their responsibility primarily, however, along with the pure microeconomic quantification, to bring the societal and political perspectives to a position of equal standing. 2.6. Acquiring and carrying out of assignments 2.6.1. General rules for the acceptance of assignments Political consultants who acquire assignments as external consultants are aware that political decisions and procedures are associated with public goods. The integrity of state run institutions and political processes must not be allowed to be damaged by the carrying out of assignments. Political consultants who acquire assignments as external consultants guarantee to diligently observe laws, professional rules and developments during an assignment. This applies especially to tenders and anti-corruption regulations. They inform their members of staff correspondingly. Political consultants only accept or undertake such assignments that can be carried out in accordance with the regulations mentioned in the previous paragraphs. Political consultants examine all risks linked to an assignment that could compromise the reputation or the economic situation of the client. Political consultants who are active as external consultants provide a rough planning of the assignment in their bid. On accepting an assignment, political consultants who are active as external consultants recommend to their clients an unambiguous and written agreement regarding the content, scope, and aim of the assignment, as well as the allocation of responsibility. This agreement should include: the form the service takes, regulations regarding the evaluation of the success of the consulting, the limits of liability, the time and appointment planning, personal allocation and responsibilities, the utilisation of third parties affecting the consulting, the remuneration. 2.6.2 Fair competition Political consultants respect the intellectual authorship of proposals, concepts and publications of others, and use such material only with clear references. When necessary for reasons of subject or expertise, political consultants employ only those colleagues who adhere to the quality criteria of the de’ge’pol. 33 When cooperating with others, political consultants who are active as external consultants define to the client the project responsibility as well as the type and scope of the cooperation openly and clearly – unless it concerns simply a short-term cooperation for reasons of personnel shortage. 2.6.3 Reliable pricing Political consultants who are active as external consultants charge fees based on the nature and scope of the assignment. Political consultants who are active as external consultants provide fixed price quotations only for those projects whose scope can be overviewed. Scope and difficulty of the problems to be solved are precisely and bindingly specified, and are subject to review by both parties to the contract. Political consultants who are active as external consultants render their proposals precisely so that the client is clearly aware of any additional costs involved in the invoicing beyond the basic fees. 34 2.6.4 Reliable advertising Political consultants who are active as external consultants practice competitive restrain in advertising. They present their qualifications exclusively in respect of their competencies and their experience. Political consultants who are active as external consultants adhere to the current standing when presenting their turnover, employees, areas of activity etc. The representation is bound to the principles of accuracy, clarification and honesty. References or descriptions of concluded projects may only be made public with the prior consent of the client regarding the wording. Political consultants who are active as external consultants and who are members of the de’ge’pol inform clients and third parties of their membership of the de’ge’pol where possible and of the basic principles of the profession that are included in this catalogue of criteria.