Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
MBTI GUIDELINES
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A person’s psychological type should be regarded as a
working hypothesis.
Everyone uses every preference. We favor, however, one
preference over the other on each of the four scales.
MBTI scores should not be over interpreted. High scores
do not indicate greater skill, magnitude, or use of a
preference. Scores indicate clarity of choice.
Psychological type can explain some human behavior—not
all.
Type should not be used as an excuse for doing or not
doing something. Avoid stereotyping someone on the basis
of his or her type. MBTI Team Building Program
Type Theory
Based on the work of Carl Jung
 Researched normal differences between
healthy people
 Jung concluded that differences in behavior
result from inborn tendencies to use your
mind in different ways.
 As we act on these tendencies, we develop
patterns of behavior.
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Type helps us to understand…
Where you focus your attention and energy?
 How you acquire or gather information?
 How you make decisions or judgments?
 How you relate to the outer world?
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What are Preferences?
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Sign your name on the line as you normally do.
Sign your name again, but this time use your other
hand.
Everyone has a natural preference for one of the
two opposites on each of the four MBTI
continuums.
When we use our preferred methods we are at our
best and feel most competent.
How to interpret your results?
Your type consists of four letters that
represent your four preferences.
 The bars on the graph illustrate the clarity
of your MBTI preferences.
 The longer bar suggests you are quite sure
that you prefer that pole.
 The shorter bar suggests that you are less
sure about your preference for that pole.
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EXTRAVERSION
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Direct energy outward
toward people and things
Orientation – after
thinkers
Work Environment
 Action-oriented
 Prefer to be around
others
 Many interests
INTROVERSION
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Direct energy inward
toward ideas and concepts
Orientation – fore thinkers
Work Environment
 Quiet and concentrated
 Prefer to be alone
 Interests have depth
SENSING
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Focus on five
senses(experience)
Details, practicality,
reality
Work Environment
 Prefer learned skills
 Pay attention to details
 Make few factual
errors
INTUITION
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Focus on the
possibilities(sixth sense)
Patterns and expectations
Work Environment
 Prefer adding new
skills
 Looks at the big
picture
 Patient with
complexity
THINKING
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Focus – logic of a
situation, truth and
principles
Work Environment –
brief and businesslike
Contributions –
intellectual criticism,
solutions to problems
FEELING
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Focus – human values
and needs, people and
harmony
Work Environment –
friendly and personal
Contributions – loyal
support, care and
concern for others
JUDGING
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Attitude – decisive,
planful, selfregimented,
purposeful
Work Environment –
focus on completing
tasks, makes decisions
quickly
PERCEPTION
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Attitude – curious,
spontaneous, flexible,
adaptable, tolerant
Work Environment –
focus on starting tasks,
postpones decisions
Review your Type Summary on
the Third Page
As you read, underline anything that seems
to “ring true” about you.
 After reviewing the whole page, turn to
another student nearby and take turns
sharing what information from the summary
statement seems accurate about you
 Take turns sharing your reaction and give
examples to support your statements
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Type in College
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Make the best of your college experience by
understanding your type.
Choosing a Major
 People are most attracted to careers that provide
them the opportunity to express their
preferences.
Learning Styles
 Identify learning styles consistent with your
preferences.
 Each type has a different style that works best
for them.
Type in College
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Reading, Writing and Studying
 Students of each type have unique ways of approaching
the writing process.
 Use type to help you understand your preferred style of
writing.
Playing
 Type helps you understand your preferences for
forming social relationships, getting along with
roommates and participating in student groups.
Handling Stress
 Type helps you understand how you typically deal with
stress.
Type and Careers
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Summary designed to help you explore career
options
Focus on the exploration process instead of the
selection process
Consider type in past and future activities
Consider the strengths and challenges associated
with each type
Consider the relationship between your
personality preferences and possible careers
The Functions Lens
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Combination of Perceiving (Sensing and Intuition)
and Judging (Thinking and Feeling) are a central
aspect of type
Brock’s research on selling and influencing
demonstrated that the four functions are most
closely related to communication skills
Extraversion and Introversion are important in
establishing communication
Judging and Perceiving are needed to bring
communication to a close
Type and Communication
In the area of communication, what a
person perceives, as well as the way he or
she organizes that information, impacts
communication
 The columns of the type table represent the
four different ways of accessing information
about the world and making decisions about
the information
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ST Function
SF Function
NF Function
NT Function
ISTJ
ISFJ
INFJ
INTJ
ISTP
ISFP
INFP
INTP
ESTP
ESFP
ENFP
ENTP
ESTJ
ESFJ
ENFJ
ENTJ
ST Function
Pay attention to details and the reality of
any given situation
 Focus on the past and the present and are
often characterized by a serious, no
nonsense demeanor
 Communication to others is often about
costs, schedules and other basic facts
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SF Function
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Pay attention to facts and details of a situation and
organize this concrete information according to
the values they hold and the importance the info
has for themselves and others
Focus on the immediate past and current needs of
each person in their care
Often characterized by a friendly demeanor
Communication is based on their own and others’
needs
NF Function
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Pay attention to insights and to what could be
done instead of what is. Like to discuss values and
relationships
Concerned about the future and how people’s
goals and aspirations can be achieved
Characterized by an inspirational demeanor
Organize their communication by paying attention
to what people in general value
Communicate easily with others about team,
community, and organizational needs & values
NT Function
Focus on relationships between theories and
structures and organize this info by logical
analysis of cause and effect
 Focus on the future
 Often characterized by an analytical,
quizzical demeanor
 Communicate with others about strategies,
visions, and potentials
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Challenges
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ST often overlook people’s values and the “big
picture”
SF may overlook the logical specifications of a
situation and future implications
NF are likely to overlook logical implications and
the current realities of the situation
NT often overlook people’s values and the present
reality
Group Discussion
Do the Functions descriptions fit with team
member’s experiences?
 Please share examples with one another
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ST
ISTJ
SJ
SF
ISFJ
NF
NT
INFJ
INTJ
INFP
INTP
ENFP
ENTP
ENFJ
ENTJ
SJ
ISTP
ISFP
SP
SP
ESTP
ESFP
SP
SP
ESTJ
ESFJ
SJ
SJ
Type Differences in Close
Relationships (E vs. I)
Extraverts Need:
 Sufficient external
stimulation
 Reach decisions by talking
them out and getting
feedback
 May experience I’s style
as excluding them and
robbing them of mutual
sharing
Introverts Need:
 Sufficient “alone time”
 Reach decisions by
processing them internally
and sharing final decision
 May experience E’s style
as intrusive and
controlling
Type Differences in Close
Relationships (S vs. N)
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Sensing partners
with strong
grounding in reality
can make Intuitive
partners feel
impractical and
unobservant
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Intuitive partners
with rapid insights
can make Sensing
partners feel slow
and mundane
Type Differences in Close
Relationships (T vs. F)
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Thinking favors an
objective , logical
approach to arrive at
truth
Can become irritated
when Feeling type
appears to ignore the
logic of a situation
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Feeling favors a
subjective, personal
approach that arrives
at harmony
Can feel hurt when
Thinking type appears
to be cold, uncaring,
and hypercritical
Differences in Thinking and Feeling are
Prone to Gender Stereotyping
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Thinking is often confused with intellectual
competence and lack of emotion
Feeling is often confused with intellectual
fuzziness and excessive emotionality
Thinking is often perceived as the province of
males and Feeling for females
Thinking-Feeling differences are often seen as
gender differences (e.g., Thinking women may see
Feeling men as unmasculine and Feeling men may
perceive Thinking women as unfeminine)
Thinking Types can Improve
Relationships with Feeling Types by:
Voicing appreciation before giving criticism
 Making critical comments only when
necessary rather than as a natural, automatic
response to the partner and the world
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Feeling Types can Improve Relationships with
Thinking Types by:
Stating their wishes clearly so that the
Thinking type does not have to guess about
their needs and desires
 Learning to differentiate between intended
critical assessments that sound like personal
criticism but are merely impersonal
observations from the viewpoint of their
Thinking partner
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Type Differences in Close
Relationships (J vs. P)
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Judging partner likely to
value order and
predictability in his or
her surroundings
More likely to value
careful planning
Like closure and concrete
plans (vacations)
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Perceiving partner
more likely to value
spontaneity and
freedom
More likely to value
“flying by the seat of
their pants”
Like weighing all the
options (furniture)
Occupational Trends of 16 Types
ISTJ
Management, Administration
Law enforcement , Accounting
Or any other occupations where they
can use their experiences and attention
to detail to get the task done
ISFJ
Education, Health Care, Religious
settings
Or any other occupations where they
can draw on their base experience to
personally help people in a behind-thescenes manner
ISTP
Skilled trades, technical fields,
agriculture, law enforcement,
Military
Or any other occupations where they
can use their hands-on, analytical work
with data or things
ISFP
Health care, Business, Law
Enforcement
Or any other occupations where they
can use their gentle, service-related
attentiveness to detail
Occupational Trends of 16 Types
INFJ
Religion, counseling, teaching, arts
Or any other occupations where they
can facilitate emotional, intellectual, or
spiritual development
INTJ
Scientific or technical fields,
computers, law
Or any other occupations where they
can use their intellectual creativity and
technical knowledge to conceptualize,
analyze, and get the task done.
INFP
Counseling, Writing, Arts
Or any other occupations where they
can use their creativity and focus on
their values
INTP
Scientific or Technical Fields
Or any other occupations where they
can use their solitary, objective analysis
of problems based on their technical
expertise
Occupational Trends of 16 Types
ESTP
Marketing, skilled trades, Business,
Law enforcement, Applied
Technology
Or any other occupations where they
can use their action-oriented focus to
attend to the necessary details
ESFP
Health care, Teaching, Coaching,
Childcare worker, Skilled Trades
Or any other occupations where they
can use their outgoing nature and
enthusiasm to help people with their
practical needs
ESTJ
Management, Administration, Law
Enforcement
Or any other occupations where they
can use logic and organization of the
facts to get the task done
ESFJ
Education, Health Care, Religion
Or any other occupations where they
can use their personal concern to
provide services to others
Occupational Trends of 16 Types
ENFP
Counseling, Teaching, Religion, Arts
Or any other occupations where they
can use creativity and communication
to foster the growth of others
ENTP
Science, Management, Technology,
Arts
Or any other occupations where they
have the opportunity to take on new
challenges continually
ENFJ
Religions, Arts, Teaching
Or any other occupations where they
can help others with their emotional,
intellectual, and spiritual growth
ENTJ
Management, Leadership
Or any other occupations where they
can use tough-minded analysis,
strategic planning, and organization to
get the task done
Type and Work Environments
Introverts
Extraverts..
 Like variety and action  Like quiet for
concentration
 Tend to be faster,
 Careful with details (IS)
dislike complicated
 Trouble with names &
procedures (ES)
faces (IT)
 Good “greeters” (EF)
 Can work for long periods
of time on a project
 Impatient with long,
without interruptions
slow jobs done alone
Type and Work Environments
Extraverts..
 Interested in activities of their
job, getting it done, and how
others do it
 Do not mind telephone (EF)
 Act quickly, sometimes without
thinking it through
 Like people around (EF)
 Communicate freely (EF)
Introverts..
 Interested in details &
ideas behind job
 Dislike telephone (IT)
 Think before acting,
sometimes without
acting
 Work alone (IT)
 “In their heads” (IT)
Type and Work Environments
Sensing..
 Focus on here and now and
reality
 Standard ways of solving
problems
 Preferred established order for
doing things (SJ)
 Preferring using and perfecting
learned skills
 Steady workers with realistic
assessment of time (ISJ)
Intuitive..
 Focus on future and what
might be
 Solving problems in new
ways
 Dislike routine (NP)
 Enjoy learning new skill
more than using it
 Bursts of energy with
slack times (ENP)
Type and Work Environments
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Sensing..
Intuitive..
Reach a conclusion step by step  Reach an understanding
(ISJ)
quickly (ENP)
Patient with details (ISJ)
 Impatient with routine details
(ENP)
Impatient when situations get  Patient with complex
situations (IN)
complicated (ES)
 Follow inspirations
Not often inspired, mistrust
regardless of data
inspiration
 Make errors of fact,
Seldom make factual errors
preferring big picture
Good at precise work (IS)
 Dislike precision (time)
Create new by adapting old
 Create something new with
personal insight
Type and Work Environments
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Thinking..
Like analysis and ordering
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Can get along without harmony 
Tend to be firm minded
Do not show emotion readily 
and often uncomfortable with 
others’ feelings
May hurt others’ feelings
without knowing it
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Decide impersonally,
sometimes insufficient attention 
to others’ wishes
Feeling..
Like harmony
Office feud by impair
efficiency
Tend to be sympathetic
Aware of other people and
their feelings (EF)
Enjoy pleasing others
Allow decisions to be
influenced by likes and
dislikes
Type and Work Environments
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Thinking..
Need to be treated fairly in 
accordance with prevailing
standards
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Able to reprimand people
impersonally, though they
may not like doing so
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More analytically-oriented,
respond best to others’
thoughts (IT)
Feeling..
Need praise and attention
Dislike, even avoid
unpleasant encounters
More people oriented,
respond more easily to
others values
Type and Work Environments
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Judging..
Work best when they plan
work and follow plan
Like to get things settled
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May decide too quickly (EJ)
Dislike interrupting project
for more urgent one (ISJ)
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Perceiving..
Adapt well to changing
situations
Prefer leaving things
open for alterations
May postpone decisions
(IP)
May start too many
projects and have
difficulty finishing them
(ENP)
Type and Work Environments
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Judging..
May not notice new things
that need to be done while
completing what they are
doing
Want only the essentials
needed to begin their work
(ESJ)
Satisfied once they reach a
judgment on a thing,
situation, or person
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Perceiving..
May postpone
unpleasant jobs while
finding other things more
interesting in the
moment
Want to know all about a
new job (INP)
Curious and welcome a
new light on a thing,
situation, or person
What types are attracted to
Business School?
Managers of all types learn to value
managerial culture (STJ) “practical and
results oriented”
 Among MBA students, ESTJ and ISTJ are
modal types, as expected
 NTJs are more are attracted to MBA
programs than STJs given their numbers in
the base population
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Which types are drawn to small
business ownership?
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ISTJ and ESTJ are modal types and
overrepresented among small business owners
INTJ and ENTJ are also more attracted to
ownership than their proportion in the population
Small business owners usually did not have MBA
degrees
MBAs usually work in large organizations
Organizational Values of 16
Types
ISTJ
ISFJ
High: Happy Family
Low: Visible Autonomy
ISTP
Low: Variety and challenge
Visible autonomy
ISFP
High: Happy Family
Low: Outgoing Affiliation
Financial Analysis
Low: Variety and challenge
Type and Roles on Team
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Read over the last page of your packet
Mark on post it pads
How have these roles played out in your work
with teams?
What do you value about your own type’s
leadership style?
What does your type do as leaders that annoy
people of different functions?
What does your type opposite do that annoys you?
What do you value about your type opposite?
Organizational Values of 16
Types
INFJ
INTJ
High: Financial Analysis
Low: Business Sociability
INFP
High: Nurturing Affiliation
INTP
High: Visible Autonomy
Organizational Values of 16
Types
ESTP
ESFP
High: Visible Autonomy
High: Happy Family
Low: Achievement within system
Financial Analysis
Low: Achievement within system
ESTJ
High: Achievement within system
ESFJ
High: Happy Family
Outgoing Affiliation
Business Sociability
Organizational Values of 16
Types
ENFP
ENTP
High: Variety and challenge
Visible Autonomy
Low: Achievement within system
ENFJ
High: Nurturing Affiliation
Low: Happy Family
ENTJ
High: Financial Analysis
Low: Nurturing Affiliation
Career Exploration Process
Think of a puzzle!
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Internal Factors
 Personality preferences (MBTI)
 Interests
 Values
 Skills and Abilities
Career Exploration Process
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External Factors
 Job market
 Economy
 Job Requirements
 Educational Requirements
 Salary Range
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
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Helps you identify your unique gifts
Helps you understand yourself
 Motivations
 Natural strengths
 Potential areas for growth
Helps you understand and appreciate people who
differ from you
Helps you make the best of your college
experience
Helps you begin the career exploration process