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Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 22
Body Organization and Structure
Section 1: Body Organization
Section 2: The Skeletal System
Section 3: The Muscular System
Section 4: The Integumentary System
End of Slide
Section 1
Body Organization
Bellringer
Match the body system in the first column with the correct
function in the second column:
1. respiratory system
a. regulates body functions
2. muscular system
b. breaks down food
3. digestive system
c. pumps blood
4. circulatory system
d. absorbs oxygen
5. endocrine system
e. moves bones
Record your answers in your science journal.
Section 1
Body Organization
Objectives
• Describe how tissues, organs, and organ systems are
related.
• List 12 organ systems.
• Identify how organ systems work together to maintain
homeostasis.
End of Slide
Section 1
Body Organization
Cells, Tissues, and Organs
• Tissues Form Organs Two or more tissues working
together form an organ.
• Organs Form Systems Organs that work together make
up an organ system.
End of Slide
Section 1
Body Organization
Working Together
• Twelve Major Organ Systems Organ systems work
together to maintain homeostasis. Your body has 12 major
organ systems.
End of Slide
Section 2
The Skeletal System
Bellringer
Brainstorm some problems you would have if you lacked
bones. Do you know any kinds of animals that don’t have
bones? Do you know of any animals that wear their
“skeletons” on the outside of their bodies? Can you think of
a human invention that is similar to an external skeleton?
Record your answer in your science journal.
Section 2
The Skeletal System
Objectives
• Identify the major organs of the skeletal system.
• Describe four functions of bones.
• Describe three types of joints.
• List three injuries and two diseases that affect bones and
joints.
End of Slide
Section 2
The Skeletal System
Bones
• Bone Structure The skeleton, shown on the next slide, is
composed of many bones. If the bone tissue does not have
any visible open spaces, it is called compact bone. Bone
tissue that has many open spaces is called spongy bone.
Bones contain a soft tissue called marrow.
• Bone Growth Most bones start out as a flexible tissue
called cartilage. As you grew, most of the cartilage was
replaced by bone.
End of Slide
Section 2
The Human Skeleton
Section 2
The Skeletal System
Joints
• Meeting of Bones A place where two or more bones
meet is called a joint.
Skeletal System Injuries and Diseases
• Fractures and Other Problems Bones may be fractured,
or broken. Joints can also be injured. There are also
diseases of the skeletal system. Osteoporosis is a disease
that causes bones to become less dense.
End of Slide
Section 3
The Muscular System
Bellringer
List five body parts that you use when you drink a glass of
water. Do you use any of those same body parts when you
eat an apple? Do you use any of those same body parts
when you pick up a heavy box?
Record your response in your science journal.
Section 3
The Muscular System
Objectives
• List three kinds of muscle tissue.
• Describe how skeletal muscles move bones.
• Compare aerobic exercise with resistance exercise.
• Describe two muscular system injuries.
End of Slide
Section 3
The Muscular System
Kinds of Muscles
• Smooth, Cardiac, and Skeletal Smooth muscle is found
in the digestive tract and in the walls of blood vessels.
Cardiac muscle is found only in your heart. Skeletal muscle
is attached to your bones for movement.
End of Slide
Section 3
The Muscular System
Movement
• Muscles Attach to Bones Strands of tough connective
tissue connect your skeletal muscles to your bones. These
strands are called tendons.
• Muscles Work in Pairs Your skeletal muscles often work
in pairs. The next slide shows how the biceps muscle of the
arm is a flexor. The triceps muscle of the arm is an
extensor.
End of Slide
Section 3
A Pair of Muscles in an Arm
Section 3
The Muscular System
Use It or Lose It
• Resistance Exercise Resistance exercise is a great way
to strengthen skeletal muscles. During resistance exercise,
people work against the resistance, or weight, of an object.
• Aerobic Exercise Steady, moderately intense activity is
called aerobic exercise. Jogging, cycling, skating,
swimming, and walking are aerobic exercises.
End of Slide
Section 3
The Muscular System
Muscle Injury
• Muscles Attach to Bones A strain is an injury in which a
muscle or tendon is overstretched or torn. People who
exercise too much can hurt their tendons. Inflamed tendons
is called tendonitis. Some people try to make their muscles
stronger by taking drugs. These drugs are called anabolic
steroids. They can cause long-term health problems.
End of Slide
Section 4
The Integumentary System
Bellringer
List at least three situations in which dogs pant. How do
humans respond to those same situations? Why do you
think dogs pant? Do you know of any other animals that
pant?
Write your responses in your science journal.
Section 4
Objectives
• List four functions of skin.
• Describe the two layers of skin.
• Describe the structure and function of hair and nails.
• Describe two kinds of damage that can affect skin.
End of Slide
Section 4
Functions of Skin
• Staying Safe Skin protects you by keeping water in your
body and foreign particles out of your body.
• Keeping in Touch Nerve endings in your skin let you feel
things around you.
• Keeping Your Cool Skin helps regulate your body
temperature.
• Throwing Out the Garbage Skin helps get rid of wastes.
End of Slide
Section 4
Layers of Skin
• Epidermis The epidermis is the outermost layer of skin.
You see the epidermis when you look at your skin.
• Dermis The thicker layer of skin that lies beneath the
epidermis is the dermis. You can see the other parts of your
skin in the next slide.
End of Slide
Section 4
Structures of the Skin
Section 4
Hair and Nails
• Dead Cells A hair forms at the bottom of a tiny sac called
a hair follicle. The hair grows as new cells are added at the
hair follicle. A nail grows from living cells in the nail root at
the base of the nail.
Skin Injuries
• Skin Deep Skin is often damaged. Fortunately, your skin
can repair itself. However, damage to the genetic material
in skin cells can cause skin cancer.
End of Slide
Chapter 22
Body Organization and Structure
Concept Map
Use the following terms to complete the concept map on
the next slide: connective, nervous, homeostasis, organs,
epithelial, tissues, organ systems, cells.
Chapter 22
Concept Map
Chapter 22
Concept Map

How to Use This Presentation

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