The Human Body: Organ Systems and Homeostasis

The Human Body: Organ
Systems and Homeostasis
Lesson 1:
Standard 9c. Students know how feedback
loops in the nervous and endocrine systems
regulate conditions in the body
Vocabulary
__________: to hold back, suppress, or restrain
__________: something that causes or
accelerates a physiological activity or response
__________: a reaction to a stimulus
__________: the control of something
Vocabulary
Inhibit: to hold back, suppress, or restrain
__________: something that causes or
accelerates a physiological activity or response
__________: a reaction to a stimulus
__________: the control of something
Vocabulary
Inhibit: to hold back, suppress, or restrain
Stimulus: something that causes or accelerates
a physiological activity or response
__________: a reaction to a stimulus
__________: the control of something
Vocabulary
Inhibit: to hold back, suppress, or restrain
Stimulus: something that causes or accelerates
a physiological activity or response
Response: a reaction to a stimulus
__________: the control of something
Vocabulary
Inhibit: to hold back, suppress, or restrain
Stimulus: something that causes or accelerates
a physiological activity or response
Response: a reaction to a stimulus
Regulation: the control of something
Levels of Organization
The levels of organization in a
multicellular organism include
cells, tissues, organs, and organ
systems.
___________ _____ perform a
specific function.
__________ are groups of similar
cells that perform a single
function, such as connecting
muscle to bone.
An _______ is a group of tissues
that work together to perform a
complex function, such as sight.
An _______ ________ is a group
of organs that perform closely
related functions.
Levels of Organization
The levels of organization in a
multicellular organism include
cells, tissues, organs, and organ
systems.
Specialized cells perform a
specific function.
__________ are groups of similar
cells that perform a single
function, such as connecting
muscle to bone.
An _______ is a group of tissues
that work together to perform a
complex function, such as sight.
An _______ ________ is a group
of organs that perform closely
related functions.
Levels of Organization
The levels of organization in a
multicellular organism include
cells, tissues, organs, and organ
systems.
Specialized cells perform a
specific function.
Tissues are groups of similar cells
that perform a single function,
such as connecting muscle to
bone.
An _______ is a group of tissues
that work together to perform a
complex function, such as sight.
An _______ ________ is a group
of organs that perform closely
related functions.
Levels of Organization
The levels of organization in a
multicellular organism include
cells, tissues, organs, and organ
systems.
Specialized cells perform a
specific function.
Tissues are groups of similar cells
that perform a single function,
such as connecting muscle to
bone.
An organ is a group of tissues that
work together to perform a
complex function, such as sight.
An _______ ________ is a group
of organs that perform closely
related functions.
Levels of Organization
The levels of organization in a
multicellular organism include
cells, tissues, organs, and organ
systems.
Specialized cells perform a
specific function.
Tissues are groups of similar cells
that perform a single function,
such as connecting muscle to
bone.
An organ is a group of tissues that
work together to perform a
complex function, such as sight.
An organ system is a group of
organs that perform closely
related functions.
Homeostasis
Homeostasis means “keeping
things in balance.”
Homeostasis is the process by
which organisms keep
_______ _________
relatively ___________
despite ________ in
__________ _________.
Homeostasis in the body is
maintained by ___________
__________. Blood sugar
levels and body temperature
are kept in homeostasis
through feedback inhibition.
Homeostasis
Homeostasis means “keeping
things in balance.”
Homeostasis is the process by
which organisms keep
internal conditions relatively
___________ despite
________ in __________
_________.
Homeostasis in the body is
maintained by ___________
__________. Blood sugar
levels and body temperature
are kept in homeostasis
through feedback inhibition.
Homeostasis
Homeostasis means “keeping
things in balance.”
Homeostasis is the process by
which organisms keep
internal conditions relatively
constant despite ________ in
__________ _________.
Homeostasis in the body is
maintained by ___________
__________. Blood sugar
levels and body temperature
are kept in homeostasis
through feedback inhibition.
Homeostasis
Homeostasis means “keeping
things in balance.”
Homeostasis is the process by
which organisms keep
internal conditions relatively
constant despite changes in
__________ _________.
Homeostasis in the body is
maintained by ___________
__________. Blood sugar
levels and body temperature
are kept in homeostasis
through feedback inhibition.
Homeostasis
Homeostasis means “keeping
things in balance.”
Homeostasis is the process by
which organisms keep
internal conditions relatively
constant despite changes in
external environments.
Homeostasis in the body is
maintained by ___________
__________. Blood sugar
levels and body temperature
are kept in homeostasis
through feedback inhibition.
Homeostasis
Homeostasis means “keeping
things in balance.”
Homeostasis is the process by
which organisms keep
internal conditions relatively
constant despite changes in
external environments.
Homeostasis in the body is
maintained by feedback
loops. Blood sugar levels and
body temperature are kept in
homeostasis through
feedback inhibition.
Feedback Inhibition
Feedback inhibition, or negative feedback, is the
process in which a stimulus produces a response
that ___________ the original stimulus.
Feedback Inhibition
Feedback inhibition, or negative feedback, is the
process in which a stimulus produces a response
that opposes the original stimulus.
Feedback Inhibition: Example 1
A heating system uses feedback inhibition to control the
______________ of a room. When the temperature in the
room gets too cold, a _______ detects the change in
temperature and the heater turns on. When the heater is on,
it produces a product (_____) that changes the environment
of the house (the ___________). This environment then
“_______ _______” to “__________” the operation of the
heater. In other words, heat from the heater eventually raises
the temperature of the room enough to send a ________
_____ to the sensor, telling it to turn the heater off.
Feedback Inhibition: Example 1
A heating system uses feedback inhibition to control the
temperature of a room. When the temperature in the room
gets too cold, a _______ detects the change in temperature
and the heater turns on. When the heater is on, it produces a
product (_____) that changes the environment of the house
(the ___________). This environment then “_______
_______” to “__________” the operation of the heater. In
other words, heat from the heater eventually raises the
temperature of the room enough to send a ________ _____
to the sensor, telling it to turn the heater off
Feedback Inhibition: Example 1
A heating system uses feedback inhibition to control the
temperature of a room. When the temperature in the room
gets too cold, a sensor detects the change in temperature and
the heater turns on. When the heater is on, it produces a
product (_____) that changes the environment of the house
(the ___________). This environment then “_______
_______” to “__________” the operation of the heater. In
other words, heat from the heater eventually raises the
temperature of the room enough to send a ________ _____
to the sensor, telling it to turn the heater off
Feedback Inhibition: Example 1
A heating system uses feedback inhibition to control the
temperature of a room. When the temperature in the room
gets too cold, a sensor detects the change in temperature and
the heater turns on. When the heater is on, it produces a
product (heat) that changes the environment of the house
(the ___________). This environment then “_______
_______” to “__________” the operation of the heater. In
other words, heat from the heater eventually raises the
temperature of the room enough to send a ________ _____
to the sensor, telling it to turn the heater off
Feedback Inhibition: Example 1
A heating system uses feedback inhibition to control the
temperature of a room. When the temperature in the room
gets too cold, a sensor detects the change in temperature and
the heater turns on. When the heater is on, it produces a
product (heat) that changes the environment of the house
(the temperature). This environment then “_______
_______” to “__________” the operation of the heater. In
other words, heat from the heater eventually raises the
temperature of the room enough to send a ________ _____
to the sensor, telling it to turn the heater off
Feedback Inhibition: Example 1
A heating system uses feedback inhibition to control the
temperature of a room. When the temperature in the room
gets too cold, a sensor detects the change in temperature and
the heater turns on. When the heater is on, it produces a
product (heat) that changes the environment of the house
(the temperature). This environment then “feeds back” to
“__________” the operation of the heater. In other words,
heat from the heater eventually raises the temperature of the
room enough to send a ________ _____ to the sensor, telling
it to turn the heater off
Feedback Inhibition: Example 1
A heating system uses feedback inhibition to control the
temperature of a room. When the temperature in the room
gets too cold, a sensor detects the change in temperature and
the heater turns on. When the heater is on, it produces a
product (heat) that changes the environment of the house
(the temperature). This environment then “feeds back” to
“inhibit” the operation of the heater. In other words, heat
from the heater eventually raises the temperature of the
room enough to send a ________ _____ to the sensor, telling
it to turn the heater off
Feedback Inhibition: Example 1
A heating system uses feedback inhibition to control the
temperature of a room. When the temperature in the room
gets too cold, a sensor detects the change in temperature and
the heater turns on. When the heater is on, it produces a
product (heat) that changes the environment of the house
(the temperature). This environment then “feeds back” to
“inhibit” the operation of the heater. In other words, heat
from the heater eventually raises the temperature of the
room enough to send a feedback signal to the sensor, telling it
to turn the heater off.
Feedback Inhibition: Example 2
The body’s regulation of blood sugar levels is an example
of feedback inhibiton. When blood sugar levels are high
(the _________), the insulin-secreting cells of the
pancreas detects the sugar and release insulin (the
__________). The insulin helps liver cells take in excess
glucose and store it. As the body cells use up the glucose
that is left in the blood, sugar levels drop. This drop in
blood sugar (the _________ ___________) causes the
pancreas to stop secreting insulin.
Feedback Inhibition: Example 2
The body’s regulation of blood sugar levels is an example
of feedback inhibiton. When blood sugar levels are high
(the stimulus), the insulin-secreting cells of the pancreas
detects the sugar and release insulin (the __________).
The insulin helps liver cells take in excess glucose and
store it. As the body cells use up the glucose that is left in
the blood, sugar levels drop. This drop in blood sugar
(the _________ ___________) causes the pancreas to
stop secreting insulin.
Feedback Inhibition: Example 2
The body’s regulation of blood sugar levels is an example
of feedback inhibiton. When blood sugar levels are high
(the stimulus), the insulin-secreting cells of the pancreas
detects the sugar and release insulin (the response). The
insulin helps liver cells take in excess glucose and store it.
As the body cells use up the glucose that is left in the
blood, sugar levels drop. This drop in blood sugar (the
_________ ___________) causes the pancreas to stop
secreting insulin.
Feedback Inhibition: Example 2
The body’s regulation of blood sugar levels is an example
of feedback inhibiton. When blood sugar levels are high
(the stimulus), the insulin-secreting cells of the pancreas
detects the sugar and release insulin (the response). The
insulin helps liver cells take in excess glucose and store it.
As the body cells use up the glucose that is left in the
blood, sugar levels drop. This drop in blood sugar (the
negative feedback) causes the pancreas to stop secreting
insulin.
Feedback Inhibition: Example 3
Body temperature is also regulated by feedback
inhibition. The process is very similar to the heater
example we just looked at. A part of the brain called the
____________ contains nerve cells that monitor body
temperature. When ____ body temperature drops too
far below 37°C, the hypothalamus produces chemicals
that ______ the body’s cells to speed up their ________,
which generates _____ (these same chemicals cause you
to _______, which also generates heat).
Feedback Inhibition: Example 3
Body temperature is also regulated by feedback
inhibition. The process is very similar to the heater
example we just looked at. A part of the brain called the
hypothalamus contains nerve cells that monitor body
temperature. When ____ body temperature drops too
far below 37°C, the hypothalamus produces chemicals
that ______ the body’s cells to speed up their ________,
which generates _____ (these same chemicals cause you
to _______, which also generates heat).
Feedback Inhibition: Example 3
Body temperature is also regulated by feedback
inhibition. The process is very similar to the heater
example we just looked at. A part of the brain called the
hypothalamus contains nerve cells that monitor body
temperature. When core body temperature drops too far
below 37°C, the hypothalamus produces chemicals that
______ the body’s cells to speed up their ________,
which generates _____ (these same chemicals cause you
to _______, which also generates heat).
Feedback Inhibition: Example 3
Body temperature is also regulated by feedback
inhibition. The process is very similar to the heater
example we just looked at. A part of the brain called the
hypothalamus contains nerve cells that monitor body
temperature. When core body temperature drops too far
below 37°C, the hypothalamus produces chemicals that
signal the body’s cells to speed up their ________, which
generates _____ (these same chemicals cause you to
_______, which also generates heat).
Feedback Inhibition: Example 3
Body temperature is also regulated by feedback
inhibition. The process is very similar to the heater
example we just looked at. A part of the brain called the
hypothalamus contains nerve cells that monitor body
temperature. When core body temperature drops too far
below 37°C, the hypothalamus produces chemicals that
signal the body’s cells to speed up their activities, which
generates _____ (these same chemicals cause you to
_______, which also generates heat).
Feedback Inhibition: Example 3
Body temperature is also regulated by feedback
inhibition. The process is very similar to the heater
example we just looked at. A part of the brain called the
hypothalamus contains nerve cells that monitor body
temperature. When core body temperature drops too far
below 37°C, the hypothalamus produces chemicals that
signal the body’s cells to speed up their activities, which
generates heat (these same chemicals cause you to
_______, which also generates heat).
Feedback Inhibition: Example 3
Body temperature is also regulated by feedback
inhibition. The process is very similar to the heater
example we just looked at. A part of the brain called the
hypothalamus contains nerve cells that monitor body
temperature. When core body temperature drops too far
below 37°C, the hypothalamus produces chemicals that
signal the body’s cells to speed up their activities, which
generates heat (these same chemicals cause you to
shiver, which also generates heat).
Feedback Inhibition: Example 3
This heat eventually causes body temperature to
rise. The hypothalamus then detects the rise in
temperature and ________ producing chemicals
that speed up cell activities. This stops the heating
process and prevents the body from getting _____
____.
Feedback Inhibition: Example 3
This heat eventually causes body temperature to
rise. The hypothalamus then detects the rise in
temperature and stops producing chemicals that
speed up cell activities. This stops the heating
process and prevents the body from getting _____
____.
Feedback Inhibition: Example 3
This heat eventually causes body temperature to
rise. The hypothalamus then detects the rise in
temperature and stops producing chemicals that
speed up cell activities. This stops the heating
process and prevents the body from getting too
hot.
Organ Systems in the Human Body
There are eleven organ systems in the human body. Over the next
several weeks, we will study many of them in detail. The systems are:
Nervous system
Integumentary system
Respiratory system
Digestive system
Excretory system
Skeletal system
Muscular system
Circulatory system
Endocrine system
Reproductive system
Lymphatic/Immune system
How to make organ system paper dolls
• Cut out the paper dolls (male or female) as shown
• Tape together so you have a string of 12
• On first person, write your name, class period, and “Organ Systems
of the Human Body” on one side. On the other side, write the word
homeostasis and its definition.
• Each of the remaining 11 people will represent one body system.
On one side, draw the body system. Use the drawings in the book
on page 892-893 to help you. On the other side, write the name,
structures, and function of the system (also on page 892-893). Use
your iPad to look up organs if you are having trouble.
• These must be turned in by the end of the class period. Take your
time and make them look good!
• Read over the full instructions one more time before you start
cutting