Five Kingdoms of Living Things

Five Kingdoms
of Living Things
Scientists divide all living things
into 5 Kingdoms:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Protista or Protoctista
Monera
Fungi
Plant
Animal
The 5 Kingdoms
1. Taxonomy
a. the science of identifying, naming, and
classifying
2. Classification
a. the act of placing objects in groups based
on characteristics
3. Scientists use both of these to organize living
organisms.
4. The largest group living things are placed in is
a kingdom (there are 5).
5. The smallest classification group is the
species. The second smallest is the genus.
Protista:
• Complex, single-celled life
forms (eukaryotic)
• Usually can only be seen
through a microscope
paramecium
• Can be parasites that cause
disease
amoeba
• Can make its own food or feed
on other living things
• A protist has a nucleus.
• Examples: amoeba,
paramecium, simple algae
Monera:
• Simple single cells (prokaryotic)
• Shaped like rods, spirals, and round
balls
• So small they can only be seen
through a microscope
• No nucleus!
• Example: bacteria
Bacteria
Bacteria
• Harmful Effects
– Diseases
– Bad Breath
– Acne
• Benefits
– Food Production
– Digestion
– Waste treatment
Protista and Monera
Prokaryotic
(simple)
monera
Most are single
celled
Producers
Or
consumers
living
No
nucleus
Eukaryotic
(complex)
Bacteria
protista
Has a
nucleus
Examples:
Kelp, ameba,
paramecium
Fungi:
• Multicellular organisms
• Absorb food from living or dead
things (consumers).
• Parasitic “plants” (They are not true
plants because they do not have
chlorophyll to make their own food.)
• Examples: mushrooms, bread mold,
penicillin, mildew, and yeast
Plants:
• Multicellular organism
• Contain chlorophyll used to make
their own food (producers) and gives
them a green color (photosynthesis)
• Have cell walls
Kingdom Plantae
Flowering
plants
Non-flowering
plants
Flowering plants
• Have roots, stems
and leaves
• Reproduce by
seeds
• Produce seedbearing fruits
Non-flowering plants
Mosses and
liverworts
Ferns
Gymnosperms
• Have no true roots, stems
or leaves
• Reproduce by spores
• Spores are found in
capsules
• Have roots, stems and
leaves
• Reproduce by spores
• Spores are found on the
underside of leaves
• Have roots, stems and
leaves (needle-like)
• Reproduce by seeds
• Seeds are not found in
fruits, by in cones
• E.g. Red moss,
Leucobryum glaoum,
Diphyscium foliosum
• E.g. Stag’s horn fern,
Bird’s nest fern
• E.g. pine, white spruce
Animals:
• Divided into 2 main groups:
1. Invertebrates: animals without
backbones
2. Vertebrates: animals with
backbones
Vertebrate
Invertebrate
Have
backbones
Some have an
exoskeleton
Vertebrates
Have an
endoskeleton
Endo means
inside
Invertebrates
No
backbones
Exo means
outside
Fish
Physical features:
a. Fins
b. Gills
c. Cold-blooded
d. Scales
Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom,
Vertebrates
Facts: Fish breathe. Fish lay eggs.
Amphibians
Physical Features:
1. Moist, slimy bodies
2. Live on land AND in water
3. Breathe with gills as well as lungs
(sometimes in different stages of life)
4. Cold-blooded
Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom,
Vertebrates
Facts: They lay eggs in moist places. They
may have gills that develop into lungs.
Reptiles
Physical Features:
1. Dry, scaly skin
2. Cold-blooded
3. Breathe with lungs
4. Spend most of their time on land
Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom,
Vertebrates
Facts: There are 4 types: lizards, snakes,
turtles, and alligators/crocodiles.
Most lay eggs.
Birds
Physical Features
1. Warm-blooded
2. Covered with feathers
3. Live on land, in trees, & on water
4. Don’t have front legs
5. Have wings
6. Have short, soft feathers called down
Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom,
Vertebrates
Facts: Birds have beaks. Most fly. Few live
in cold weather. They have hollow
bones. Some have webbed feet.
Mammals
Physical Features:
1. Warm-blooded
2. Have hair/fur to keep warm
3. Breathe with lungs
4. Give birth to live young, lay eggs, or
have babies in pouches (marsupials).
5. Feed or nurse their young (milk glands)
6. Can be carnivores (meat eaters),
herbivores (plant eaters), or omnivores
(plant/meat eaters)
Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom,
Vertebrates
Facts:
1. Keep steady body temperatures.
2. Some have fat/blubber to keep warm
(whales).
3. We are mammals!
4. Temperature does not affect their activity
levels.
Sponges
Physical Features:
1. Live in water.
2. Have no heads or faces.
3. Have small openings, or holes (for
breathing).
Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom,
Invertebrates
Facts: Sponges are the simplest
invertebrates. Most sponges in kitchens
are artificial.
Mollusks
Physical Features:
1. Have soft bodies like worms.
2. Some have a mantel (hard protective
covering). A snail does; an octopus does not.
3. Some have a strong muscular foot (not feet—
just one foot).
Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom,
Invertebrates
Facts: There are 3 types: snails, scallops, and
octopus. They are found in fresh/saltwater or
on land.
Spiny-Skinned Animals
Physical Features:
1. Have spines that cover their bodies.
2. Have tube feet.
Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom,
Invertebrates
Facts: They live in oceans. They can pull
off a scallop’s shell to eat the soft animal
inside!
Hollow-Bodied Animals
Physical Features:
1. Have a hollow center lined with digestive
cells.
2. Have tentacles with sting ray cells.
3. Have a mouth.
Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom,
Invertebrates
Facts: ERT find out characteristics of this
animal group.
Flatworms & Roundworms
Physical Features:
1. They feed on other plants or animals
(parasites).
2. Can be round or flat. Roundworms live in soil.
Flatworms live in salt/freshwater.
3. Flatworms have one hole. Roundworms have
two.
Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom,
Invertebrates
Facts: They are more simple than segmented
worms.
Tape worms can grow up to 72 feet!
Segmented Worms
Physical features:
1. Have two openings for digestion.
2. Have a segmented body.
3. Have a brain, heart, and blood.
Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom,
Invertebrates
Facts: They are found in soil or
fresh/saltwater.
Arthropods
insect
Arachnid (tarantula)
Physical Features:
1. Have an exoskeleton.
2. Have jointed legs.crustaceans
3. Have segmented bodies.
4. Most have eyes and feelers called antennas.
Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom,
Invertebrates
Facts: They live in fresh/saltwater or on land.
Insects, arachnids (spiders/ticks/scorpions),
and crustaceans (lobsters/crabs/shrimps)
are included in the Arthropod group.
They are the largest animal group
that exists.
Can you compare and contrast
the 5 kingdoms?
Moneran
Protist
Fungus
Plant
Animal
One-celled
with no
membrane
One-celled
Has a
nucleus
more
complex
than
monera
Most are
manycelled
ManyCelled
2 main
Groups
Vascular
Nonvascular
Manycelled
Vertebrates
invertebrates
Bacteria
Paramecium