15-2014 Allen Disease Monitoring Annual Rep.

MISSISSIPPI SOYBEAN PROMOTION BOARD
PROJECT NO. 15-2014 (CONTINUOUS)
2014 Annual Report
Title: Soybean disease monitoring for Mississippi soybean producers
PI: Tom Allen, [email protected]
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Yield-limiting soybean diseases continue to be a concern for MS soybean farmers on an annual
basis. Since 2005, soybean rust has been one of the most closely monitored plant diseases in the
United States. Sentinel plots have been a valuable tool to aid soybean farmers in making
informed management decisions based on the particular economically important disease(s)
present in sentinel plots. Mississippi has cooperated at the regional and national level in
monitoring for soybean rust by planting early-planted sentinel plots typically several weeks prior
to the commercial soybean crop, to monitor for the presence of soybean rust. The information
gained from sentinel plots has been relied on by farmers throughout MS to avoid yield losses as a
result of soybean rust and other economically important diseases, or to avoid losing money by
making a fungicide application when a particular disease is not threatening.
MSU faculty and staff emeritus began to use sentinel plots as well as commercial soybean fields
to monitor for all economically important soybean diseases during 2011/2012, particularly those
diseases that could be managed with a timely fungicide application. In addition to monitoring
for the presence of economically important foliar diseases (e.g, aerial web blight, Cercospora
blight, frogeye leaf spot, soybean rust), we also started to use sentinel plots to monitor for the
presence of fungicide resistance within the frogeye leaf spot fungal population during the 2013
season. During 2012, two counties, Carroll and Coahoma, reported a location with strobilurinresistant frogeye leaf spot. At that time leaf samples were submitted to the University of Illinois
for resistance screening.
Presently, MSU has its own fungicide resistance screening program that is led by Dr. Maria
Tomaso-Peterson and a graduate student (Mr. Jeff Standish). The strobilurin class of fungicides
(or QoI fungicides) have been widely used in soybean production systems throughout MS and
have provided farmers with a broad-spectrum fungicide that has additional benefits when it
comes to enhancing yield in continuous soybean situations. However, the members of this
particular class of fungicides have a high risk for developing resistance within fungal
populations.
The main objective of the soybean disease monitoring project is to determine where important
yield-limiting diseases may be occurring (inclusive of soybean rust), and disseminate pertinent
information in the form of management alternatives when necessary using several different
media sources so that farmers are aware of a potential threat. Throughout the course of the 2013
season, Billy Moore, Malcolm Broome, and Tom Allen scouted for soybean diseases throughout
the state in commercial soybean fields as well as the 23 sentinel plots that were planted in
counties along the edges of the state to serve as an early warning system for important diseases.
REPORT OF PROGRESS/ACTIVITY
OBJECTIVE 1: Monitor for foliar soybean diseases throughout MS to provide soybean
farmers the necessary information to make informed, timely decisions regarding fungicide
application(s) as well as product choices (either strobilurin or triazole) depending on the
specific disease(s) present in commercial fields.
Soybean sentinel plots were used to monitor soybean diseases throughout MS during the 2014
season. Sentinel plots, consisting of Maturity Group III, IV, V, and VII varieties were planted in
22 counties (Adams, Amite, Claiborne, Coahoma, Hancock, Hinds, Issaquena, Jackson,
Jefferson, Monroe, Newton, Noxubee (2), Pearl River, Pike, Tippah, Tishomingo, Walthall,
Warren, Washington, Wayne, and Wilkinson). In addition, six of the locations were surrounded
by electrified fencing to reduce deer browsing (Adams, Amite, Coahoma, Jefferson, Wayne, and
Wilkinson) since the sentinel plots were deemed to be in extremely important locations.
In addition to scouting sentinel plots on an almost weekly basis from April through September
(or when they reached R8--physiological maturity), > 500 unique commercial soybean fields as
well as > 400 kudzu patches were observed during 2014 (see map included as Figure 1).
Commercial soybean fields were monitored for the presence of numerous, economically
important disease and nematode issues (a list of the major disease and nematode observations
made during the 2014 season is included below). If a management practice was necessary to
reduce the impact of a particular disease, the information was reported to the farmer so that the
situation could be addressed.
As a final report for the 2014 soybean season, the following economically important diseases
were observed in either sentinel plots or commercial soybean fields.
Foliar fungal diseases:
-aerial web blight
-bacterial blight
-brown spot (Septoria leaf blight)
-Cercospora blight
-downy mildew
-frogeye leaf spot
-soybean rust
-target spot
Soilbore diseases:
-charcoal root rot
-Phytophthora root rot
-red crown rot
-southern blight
-stem canker
-sudden death syndrome
Viruses:
-Bean pod mottle virus
-Soybean mosaic virus
-Soybean vein necrosis-associated virus
Nematodes:
-reniform nematode
-root-knot nematode
-soybean cyst nematode
One important note regarding the diseases outlined above. Viruses were widespread in the MS
soybean production system. Normally, foliar viruses are a limited occurrence; however, during
2014 (similar to the 2013 season) foliar viruses were observed on an almost statewide basis in
large part due to the extremely large populations of bean leaf beetle, which serve as a vector for
several foliar soybean viruses. In addition, viruses were observed earlier during the 2014 season,
which is similar to past occurrences. With that in mind, determining the potential yield loss as a
result of viruses was difficult at best.
OBJECTIVE 2. If the ability arises, determine the most effective fungicide management
schemes by conducting efficacy trials specifically for soybean rust (SBR) timing. In
addition, if strobilurin-resistant aerial web blight, Cercospora blight, or frogeye leaf spot
are identified, fungicide trial plots could provide valuable information to the soybean
industry (if identified early enough to benefit the situation).
Soybean rust was a fairly late disease entry throughout much of MS, and fungicide trials would
have been too late even on the latest-planted soybean trials; therefore, fungicide trials to
specifically manage soybean rust were not conducted.
Frogeye leaf spot was one of the most predominant diseases, and was again a late entry into the
MS soybean production area. Several different types of fungicide trials were conducted to
determine the role of “early” fungicide application strategies to manage both Cercospora leaf
blight and frogeye leaf spot in Starkville and Stoneville to determine efficient timing strategies to
manage these soybean diseases as well as overall yield losses. Reports from those trials will be
published in the Plant Disease Management reports journal through the American
Phytopathological Society (APS).
Application strategies during 2014 included strobilurin, pre-mix fungicides, several triazole
products. The information obtained from these trials will be used for several blog articles
(www.mississippi-crops.com) as well as drafting several Plant Disease Management Reports to
be published through APS. Treatments included
-V5 alone both with and without glyphosate/glufosinate
-V5 followed by R5
-R2
-R4
-R5 alone (multiple trials in Stoneville and one trial in Starkville)
-R6 at one location in Stoneville
In addition, trials were conducted on full-season soybean planted in April/May as
well as doublecrop soybean planted following wheat.
Generally speaking, regardless of timing strategy, fungicides did not reduce the observable
symptoms from Cercospora blight; however, a tremendous data set was created from the trials
conducted to manage frogeye leaf spot, especially since the fungus in the trials was determined
to be resistant to the strobilurin fungicides at all locations during 2014.
OBJECTIVE 3. Continue to monitor the environmental conditions at 3 locations (Eden,
Hurley, Pond) where weather stations are present to determine if a specific correlation
exists between environmental variables and infection of the local plant material (either
kudzu or soybean) by the SBR fungus.
Weather stations continue to be monitored at three key locations (Eden, Hurley, Pond, MS)
where soybean rust has been a regular occurrence. At present we are working with the weather
monitoring group in Stoneville, MS to upgrade the three weather stations with cellular uplinks at
these locations. This will increase the environmental data coverage throughout the state and not
only provide excellent information for soybean farmers, but also aid in several research projects.
Moreover, the station locations will be slightly moved to fill in gaps in the environmental
information provided from MSU.
OBJECTIVE 4. Continue to make weekly radio updates during the soybean growing
season for the Mississippi Radio Network (via Mr. Lynn Sheldon and/or Mr. John
Winfield) on important topics occurring in soybean pathology or other pathology-related
issues (e.g. foliar diseases, nematodes, fungicide application suggestions, presence of
particular diseases and their proximity to the major production areas).
During the 2014 season, radio updates regarding pertinent disease information were made to the
MS Ag Network. The information that was contained in those reports was also pertinent to
disease monitoring as well as structured around providing information that would benefit
farmers’ management practices regarding important yield-limiting diseases. A list of the specific
titles and topics is included in the appendix below.
IMPACTS AND BENEFITS TO MISSISSIPPI SOYBEAN PRODUCERS
Ideally, monitoring for yield-limiting diseases throughout MS impacted all of the farmers that
managed the approximately 2.3 million acres of soybean in the state. During 2014 the soybean
disease monitoring team that included Dr. Billy Moore, Dr. Tom Allen, and Dr. Malcolm
Broome observed more soybean acres in MS than any other single entity. Our weekly visits to
soybean farms, sentinel plots, and kudzu patches throughout the MS soybean production areas
provided constant benefit to soybean farmers by showing we are aware of their needs as well as
monitoring their crop acres should an issue arise. In locations where soybean rust was confirmed
in field situations and where a fungicide may have produced a positive benefit, we were able to
protect yield; however, based on the late entrance of soybean rust disease into MS during in
2014, the use of fungicides was determined not to be necessary to manage just for soybean rust.
As has been the case over the past several years, we were also able to provide important
information for the subsequent soybean season regarding such diseases as red crown rot, stem
canker, frogeye leaf spot, and root-knot, reniform, and soybean cyst nematodes.
END PRODUCTS–COMPLETED OR FORTHCOMING
Throughout the season, updates were provided to the farming community through the
Mississippi Crop Situation Blog (www.mississippi-crops.com) as well as radio interview/updates
on pertinent disease management issues via the Mississippi Radio Network. Funds provided by
the MSPB allowed us to spend considerable time throughout the state to determine what diseases
were present and where they were located, and provide this information to farmers through
several different outlets. In addition, the funds allowed us to collect numerous frogeye leaf spot
infected leaves for a graduate student project (Mr. Jeff Standish) to determine the number of
counties in MS that contained strobilurin-resistant frogeye leaf spot (n=73).
Specific Extension-related outputs are included in the appendix below.
APPENDIX 1:
Poster presentations (n=4)
Aboughanem-Sabanadzovic, N., Lawrence, A., Allen, T. W., and Sabanadzovic, S. 2014.
Prevalance and diversity of viruses infecting Macrophomina phaseolina in the United States.
Phytopathology 104 (Suppl. 3):S3.2.
Brochard, N., Standish, J., Tomaso-Peterson, M., and Allen, T. W. 2014. Distribution of
azoxystrobin resistant Cercospora sojina throughout soybean production fields in Mississippi.
Phytopathology 104 (Suppl. 3):S3.19.
Aboughanemi-Sabanadzovic, N., Moore, W., Allen, T. W., Lawrence, A., and Sabanadzovic, S.
2014. Kudzu as a reservoir for soybean viruses. Phytopathology 104 (Suppl. 3):S3.2.
Wilkerson, T. H., Allen, T. W., Bolden, B. R., and Irby, J. T. 2014. Frogeye leaf spot
management with timed fungicide applications in the Mississippi soybean production system.
Phytopathology 104 (Suppl. 3):S3.129.
Publications associated with soybean disease monitoring (n=1):
Aboughanem- Sabanadzovic, N., Allen, T.W., Broome, M., Lawrence, A., Moore, W. F., and
Sabanadzovic, S. 2014. First report of kudzu (Pueraria montana) infections by Tobacco ringspot
virus in Mississippi. Plant Disease 98:1746.
Technical bulletins (Plant Disease Management Reports; n=5):
Wilkerson, T. H., Allen, T. W., and McIntire, P. I. 2014. Comparison of BASF protocol to
evaluate fungicide efficacy against frogeye leaf spot in Mississippi, 2013. Plant Disease
Management Reports Volume 8:FC240.
Wilkerson, T. H., Allen, T. W., and McIntire, P. I. 2014. Comparison of Bayer foliar fungicide
products and adjuvant combinations for efficacy against Cercospora sojina and phytotoxicity on
soybean in Mississippi, 2013. Plant Disease Management Reports Volume 8:FC244.
Wilkerson, T. H., Allen, T. W., and McIntire, P. I. 2014. Evaluation of Cheminova foliar
fungicide protocol in western Mississippi, 2013. Plant Disease Management Reports Volume
8:FC242.
Wilkerson, T. H., Allen, T. W., and Irby, J. T. 2014. Efficacy of foliar fungicides for
management of Cercospora sojina on soybean in east Mississippi, 2013. Plant Disease
Management Reports Volume 8:FC241.
Wilkerson, T. H., Allen, T. W., and Golden, B. R. 2014. Evaluation of foliar fungicides to
prevent yield loss from frogeye leaf spot in Mississippi full-season soybean, 2013. Plant Disease
Management Reports Volume 8:FC243.
Mississippi Crop Situation Blog updates (n=20)
Allen, T.W. 2014. Soybean green stem disorder: brief survey. Mississippi Crop Situation Blog,
December 29, 2014.
Allen, T.W. 2014. 2014 soybean variety trial disease ratings, part III: maturity group V varieties.
Mississippi Crop Situation Blog, December 29, 2014.
Allen, T.W. 2014. 2014 soybean variety trial disease ratings, part II: maturity group IV varieties.
Mississippi Crop Situation Blog, December 2, 2014.
Allen, T.W. 2014. 2014 soybean variety trial disease ratings, part I: conventional and
LibertyLink varieties. Mississippi Crop Situation Blog, November 25, 2014.
Allen, T.W. 2014. 2014 North MS research and extension center soybean disease ratings
UPDATED 11/17/2014. Mississippi Crop Situation Blog, October 27, 2014.
Allen, T.W. 2014. Foliar soybean disease update: September 3, 2014. Mississippi Crop Situation
Blog, September 3, 2014.
Allen, T.W. 2014. Fungicide phytotoxicity: check the fungicide applied prior to blaming SDS.
Mississippi Crop Situation Blog, August 31, 2014.
Allen, T.W. 2014. Soybean disease update: August 16, 2014. Mississippi Crop Situation Blog,
August 16, 2014.
Allen, T.W. 2014. Soybean disease update: August 1, 2014. Mississippi Crop Situation Blog,
August 1, 2014.
Allen, T.W. 2014. Foliar soybean disease update: July 20, 2014. Mississippi Crop Situation
Blog, July 20, 2014.
Allen, T.W. 2014. Managing frogeye leaf spot with fungicides: 2013 MS trial data. Mississippi
Crop Situation Blog, July 12, 2014.
Allen, T.W. 2014. Additional fungicide products available for soybean production systems.
Mississippi Crop Situation Blog, July 11, 2014.
Allen, T.W. 2014. The 2014 Mississippi soybean disease monitoring network. Mississippi Crop
Situation Blog, July 3, 2014.
Allen, T.W., and Irby, T. 2014. Frogeye leaf spot management suggestions for the 2014 season.
Mississippi Crop Situation Blog, June 24, 2014.
Bond, J., Allen, T.W., and Golden, B. 2014. Soybean seedling emergence issues: environmental
stress compounding factors. Mississippi Crop Situation Blog, May 6, 2014.
Allen, T.W. 2014. Management practices to reduce the development of fungicide resistance in
soybean: Part III, strobilurin-resistant frogeye leaf spot in Mississippi. Mississippi Crop Situation
Blog, April 11, 2014.
Allen, T.W. 2014. Management practices to reduce the development of fungicide resistance in
soybean: Part II, choosing fungicide products and rates. Mississippi Crop Situation Blog, April 1,
2014.
Allen, T.W. 2014. Management practices to reduce the development of fungicide resistance in
soybean: Part I, improving disease management practices. Mississippi Crop Situation Blog,
March 29, 2014.
Allen, T.W. 2014. 2013 Soybean variety trial disease ratings: maturity group V frogeye leaf spot
and Cercospora blight. Mississippi Crop Situation Blog, January 26, 2014.
Allen, T.W. 2014. 2013 Soybean variety trial disease ratings: maturity group IV frogeye leaf spot
and Cercospora blight. Mississippi Crop Situation Blog, January 23, 2014.
Graduate student presentations (either serving as committee member or advisor, grad
student is listed with an asterisk (*)):
Wilkerson *, T. H., Golden, B. R., Tomaso-Peterson, M., Lu, S., Johnson, A. B., Allen, T. W.
2014. Secondary nutrient effects on suppression of Macrophomina phaseolina infection in
soybean. 2014 Joint MEA/MAPPAN Meeting, Starkville, MS, October 21, 2014.
Standish*, J., Tomaso-Peterson, M., Allen, T. W., Moore, W. F., Sabanadzovic, S., and
Aboughanem-Sabanadzovic, N. 2014. Distribution of QoI resistant frogeye leaf spot pathogen
throughout the Mississippi soybean production system. 2014 Joint MEA/MAPPAN Meeting,
Starkville, MS, October 21, 2014.
Brochard*, N., Tomaso-Peterson, M., and Allen, T. W. 2014. Determining fitness cost in QoI
resistant isolates of the frogeye leaf spot pathogen. 2014 Joint MEA/MAPPAN Meeting,
Starkville, MS, October 21, 2014.
Wilkerson*, T. H., Irby, J. T., Golden, B. R., and Allen, T. W. 2014. Management of
Cercospora sojina in Mississippi soybean 2013. 2nd Annual Future of Agriculture Graduate
Student Competition, Starkville, MS, February 6, 2014.
Standish, J., Tomaso-Peterson, M., Allen, T. W., Moore, B., and Sabanadzovic, S. 2014.
Strobilurin sensitivity of Cercospora sojina, the causal agent of frogeye leaf spot, found in
Mississippi soybean production fields. 2nd Annual Future of Agriculture Graduate Student
Competition, Starkville, MS, February 6, 2014.
Oral Presentations (n=24):
2013 row crop disease situation. Aberdeen, MS Producer meeting, January 14, 2014.
Frogeye leaf spot management in the Mississippi soybean production system. Bayer Crop
Science Consultant’s Meeting, Greenwood, MS, January 21, 2014.
Presentation made to soybean farmers regarding the 2013 disease situation and the development
and spread of fungicide resistance within the frogeye leaf spot population. Delta Ag Expo,
Cleveland, MS, January 23, 2014.
2013 corn, cotton, soybean disease round-up. 2014 Mississippi Agricultural Consultant’s
Meeting, Starkville, MS, February 4, 2014.
2013 row crop disease situation. Baldwyn, MS Producer meeting, February 7, 2014.
Plant pathology update. Presentation to the General Pest Management Workshop, Raymond, MS,
February 14, 2014.
Managing corn, cotton and soybean diseases in Mississippi for the 2014 season and beyond.
Tunica Farmer’s meeting, Tunica, MS, February 19, 2014.
Disease management in corn, cotton, and soybean. Producer’s Advisory Council, Verona, MS,
February 20, 2014.
Managing corn and soybean diseases in the Mid-south. MANA Consultant’s Meeting, Memphis,
TN, February 26, 2014.
Plant pathology Extension program at Mississippi State University. Ag and Natural Research
Training, Starkville, MS, March 18, 2014.
Ag and Natural Resource County Agent Training on wheat diseases, and early-season corn and
soybean issues. DREC, Stoneville, MS, April 30, 2014.
Scouting for plant disease in corn, cotton, and soybean. MS Row Crop Scout School, North
Mississippi Research and Extension Center, Verona, MS, May 28, 2014.
Scouting for plant disease in corn, cotton, and soybean. MS Row Crop Scout School, Delta
Research and Extension Center, Stoneville, MS, May 29, 2014.
Scouting for plant disease in corn, cotton, and soybean. MS Row Crop Scout School, Clay Lyle
Entomology Building, Starkville, MS, June 4, 2014.
Scouting for plant disease in corn, cotton, and soybean. MS Row Crop Scout School, Coahoma
County Extension Office, Clarksdale, MS, June 5, 2014.
Ag and Natural Resources Training, corn, cotton, and soybean disease identification and
management. DREC, Stoneville, MS, June 17, 2014.
Delta Research and Extension Center Soybean disease management and fungicide resistance
development within the frogeye leaf spot population in MS. DREC, Stoneville, MS, June 17,
2014.
2014 disease management in the MS production system. 2014 Mississippi Agricultural Industry
Council Meeting, Orange Beach, AL, July 30, 2014.
Corn and soybean disease update. North Mississippi Research and Extension Center Field Day,
Verona, MS, August 7, 2014.
Ag and Natural Resources Training, corn, cotton, and soybean disease identification and
management. DREC, Stoneville, MS, August 13, 2014.
Late-season disease management strategies in soybean production systems. DREC, Stoneville,
MS, August 13, 2014.
Frogeye leaf spot management in soybean settings with documented strobilurin-resistance: a
changing disease management landscape. 2014 MEA/MAPPAN Joint Meeting, Starkville, MS,
October 21, 2014.
Overview of fungicide use in MS row crops. Mississippi Agronomy Society of America’s
Chapter Meeting, Grenada, MS, November 13, 2014.
Occurrence and management of frogeye leaf spot in soybean. Row Crop Short Course,
Starkville, MS, December 3, 2014.
Soybean educational radio interviews for Mississippi Ag Network (n=22):
Seed applied fungicide and inoculant combinations. Mississippi Radio Network, April 23, 2014.
Soybean sentinel plot placement and emergence progress. Mississippi Radio Network, May 15,
2014.
Southern blight showing up in soybean, general disease update, soybean rust report. Mississippi
Radio Network, May 23, 2014.
Construction of the rainout shelter at the DREC. Mississippi Radio Network, May 24, 2014.
Soybean fungicide options for the 2014 season. Mississippi Radio Network, June 3, 2014.
Early-season soybean diseases can be confused with herbicide injury. Mississippi Radio
Network, June 12, 2014.
Fungicide selection for the R3/R4 application. Mississippi Radio Network, June 14, 2014.
Seed applied fungicides in a double-crop situation. Mississippi Radio Network, June 20, 2014.
Fungicide use in dryland, non-irrigated soybean situations. Mississippi Radio Network, June 27,
2014.
Root-knot nematode damage in the Mississippi soybean production system. Mississippi Radio
Network, July 5, 2014.
Downy mildew of soybean: no management practice necessary. Mississippi Radio Network,
July 10, 2014.
Soybean nematode update and sampling procedures. Mississippi Radio Network, July 12, 2014.
Diseases of minor importance in the MS soybean production system. Mississippi Radio
Network, July 13, 2014.
Frogeye leaf spot update and fungicide. Mississippi Radio Network, July 27, 2014.
Soybean disease update with specifics regarding soybean rust. Mississippi Radio Network,
August 12, 2014.
Fungicide phytotoxicity observations in Mississippi soybean fields. Mississippi Radio Network,
August 14, 2014.
Soybean root diseases. Mississippi Radio Network, August 22, 2014.
Soybean viruses observed throughout the Mississippi soybean production system during the
2014 season. Mississippi Radio Network, September 3, 2014.
Late season soybean rust observations and what this means for disease management. Mississippi
Radio Network, September 10, 2014.
Soybean disease wrap up. Mississippi Radio Network, September 17, 2014.
Nematode management practices for the end of the soybean season. Mississippi Radio Network,
September 23, 2014.
Soybean variety suggestions to management frogeye leaf spot. Mississippi Radio Network,
October 1, 2014.
Proceedings (n=9):
Standish, J. Tomaso-Peterson, M., Allen, T. W., Moore, W., and Sabanadzovic, S. 2014.
Frogeye leaf spot and potential resistance to azoxystrobin in Mississippi soybean production
fields. Proceedings of the Southern Division of the American Phytopathological Society, Dallas,
TX, February 2-3, 2014. Phytopathology 104 (Suppl. 2):S2.9.
Allen, T. W., Wilkerson, T. H., Irby, J. T., and Golden, B. R. 2014. Late fungicide applications
to manage frogeye leaf spot in the Mississippi soybean production system. Proceedings of the
Southern Soybean Disease Workers, Pensacola Beach, FL, March 5-6, 2014.
Standish, J. Tomaso-Peterson, M., Allen, T. W., Moore, W., and Sabanadzovic, S. 2014.
Proceedings of the Southern Soybean Disease Workers, Pensacola Beach, FL, March 5-6, 2014.
Aboughanem- Sabanadzovic, N., Allen, T.W., Broome, M., Lawrence, A., Moore, W. F., and
Sabanadzovic, S. 2014. Kudzu (Pueraria montana) as a host of viruses that affect soybean in
Mississippi. Proceedings of the Southern Soybean Disease Workers, Pensacola Beach, FL,
March 5-6, 2014.
Aboughanem-Sabanadzovic, N., Lawrence, A., Allen, T. W., and Sabanadzovic, S. 2014.
Prevalance and diversity of viruses infecting Macrophomina phaseolina in the United States.
Phytopathology 104 (Suppl. 3):S3.2.
Brochard, N., Standish, J., Tomaso-Peterson, M., and Allen, T. W. 2014. Distribution of
azoxystrobin resistant Cercospora sojina throughout soybean production fields in Mississippi.
Phytopathology 104 (Suppl. 3):S3.19.
Aboughanemi-Sabanadzovic, N., Moore, W., Allen, T. W., Lawrence, A., and Sabanadzovic, S.
2014. Kudzu as a reservoir for soybean viruses. Phytopathology 104 (Suppl. 3):S3.2.
Wilkerson, T. H., Allen, T. W., Bolden, B. R., and Irby, J. T. 2014. Frogeye leaf spot
management with timed fungicide applications in the Mississippi soybean production system.
Phytopathology 104 (Suppl. 3):S3.129.
Standish, J., Tomaso-Peterson, M., Allen, T. W., Sabanadzovic, and AboughanemSabanadzovic. 2014. Investigation into the mechanism of resistance to azoxystrobin in
Cercospora sojina, the causal agent of frogeye leaf spot. Phytopathology 104 (Suppl. 3):S3.113.
Future plans for output(s) (n=1 refereed publication):
The 2012 season was the last year for the soybean rust hotline. I am in the process of drafting a
manuscript regarding the connectedness of the telephone calls made to the hotline and how
soybean rust information was disseminated. Much of this information can be used in
presentations as well as included on the MSPB website once it has all been completed.
However, it may be several months (likely 10-12) before this will be completed.
APPENDIX 2: Graphics/Tables
Figure 1. Map of scouted locations throughout MS that were relied on to gather important
disease monitoring information. Red counties indicate a location where soybean rust was
detected. During 2014, soybean rust was detected in all 82 counties (n = 44 total; n=43 soybean;
n = 1 kudzu).
Additional figures regarding the results of fungicide trials.