Invited Lecture

PANIC 2015
PhoBiA Annual Nanophotonics
International Conference
20-23 April 2015
Wrocław, Poland
©Copyright by
Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Wrocław 2015
Publication co-financed by Wrocław University of Technology and KNOW programme.
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ISBN 978-83-7493-886-0
Table of contents
I. Committees
II. Sponsors and coorganizers
III. Programme
IV. Abstracts
V. Posters
VI. Maps
VII. Index of presenting authors
1
3
9
13
21
57
97
101
2
I. Committees
3
4
The conference will be held under the patronage of:
Prof. dr hab. inż. Andrzej Trochimczuk
– Dean of the Faculty of Chemistry
Dr hab. Marian Hotloś
– Dean of the Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology
Honorary and Scientific committee:
Prof. Marek Samoć - Wrocław University of Technology, POLAND
Prof. Jan Misiewicz - Wrocław University of Technology, POLAND
Dr Katarzyna Matczyszyn - Wrocław University of Technology, POLAND
Dr Marcin Nyk - Wrocław University of Technology, POLAND
Dr Joanna Olesiak-Bańska - Wrocław University of Technology, POLAND
Dr Mateusz Bański - Wrocław University of Technology, POLAND
Prof. Keitaro Nakatani - ENS de Cachan, FRANCE
Prof. Nicolas Joly - Max-Planck Institute, Erlangen, GERMANY
Prof. Malcolm Buckle - ENS de Cachan, FRANCE
Prof. Sven Hoefling - Universität Würzburg, GERMANY
Prof. Paweł Machnikowski - Wrocław University of Technology, POLAND
Dr Piotr Młynarz - Wrocław University of Technology, POLAND
Dr Artur Podhorodecki - Wrocław University of Technology, POLAND
Dr Neil Robertson - The University of Edinburgh, UK
Dr Grzegorz Sęk - Wrocław University of Technology, POLAND
Prof. Kishan Dholakia - University of St Andrews, UK
Prof. José Garcia Solé - Universidad Autonóma de Madrid, SPAIN
Dr Claude Nogues - ENS de Cachan, FRANCE
Dr Grzegorz Cywiński - UNIPRESS, POLAND
Dr Maciej Dems - Łódź University of Technology, POLAND
Dr Grzegorz Dariusz Sulka - Jagiellonian University, Kraków, POLAND
Dr Marek Grzelczak - Centre for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials-CIC
biomaGUNE, San Sebastian, SPAIN
5
Dr Peter Zijlstra - Molecular Biosensors for Medical Diagnostics, Technische
Universiteit Eindhoven, NEDERLAND
Dr Marcin Motyka - Laboratory for Optical Spectroscopy of Nanostructure,
Wroclaw, POLAND
Prof. Lucyna Firlej - Universite Montpellier II, Montpellier, FRANCE
Prof. Stephane Parola - Functional Materials and Photonics, Ecole Normale
Superieure of Lyon, Lyon, FRANCE
Prof. Chantal Andraud - The Chemistry Laboratory, Ecole Normale
Superieure of Lyon, Lyon, FRANCE
Dr Krzysztof Janus - Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw, POLAND
Prof. Bogdan Kuchta - Universite Aix-Marseille, Marseille, FRANCE
Prof. Mark Humphrey - Australian National University, Canberra,
AUSTRALIA
6
Organizers committee – the members of PhoBiA association:
Dr. Katarzyna Matczyszyn - association tutor
Dr. Mateusz Bański - association tutor
Joanna Olesiak-Bańska - association tutor
Karolina Kinastowska - president
Adam Szukalski - vice-president
Magdalena Waszkielewicz - treasurer
Katarzyna Brach - secretary
Radoslaw Deska - webmaster
Marianna Chmiel
Marco Deiana
Klaudia Dradrach
Marta Gordel
Konrad Jakubowski
Izabella Jasyk
Joanna Jaworska
Magdalena Klekotko
Radoslaw Kołkowski
Leszek Mazur
Joanna Michalska
Oktawia Pałczyńska
Paulina Sikora
Joanna Sobska
Janusz Szeremeta
Dominika Wawrzyńczyk
Malgorzata Wielgus
Jan Zaręba
Joanna Noga
7
8
II. Sponsors and
coorganizers
9
10
Sponsors
11
Coorganizers
Wrocław University of Technology
Faculty of Fundamental Problems of
Technology
Faculty of Chemistry
L. Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and
Experimental Therapy
12
III. Programme
13
14
15
Monday
20 April 2015
Session I Chairman: Mateusz Bański
12:00 – 12:15
Official opening ceremony
12:15 – 12:30
Ewelina Wlaźlak - Photoelectrochemical Characterization of
Tin(IV) Iodide Complexes
Elisa Hemmig - Ionic Conductivity, Structural Deformation, and
Programmable Anisotropy of DNA Origami in Electric Field
Marcin Surówka - Transition metal-modified TiO2 materials for
photocatalytic water purification
12:30 – 12:45
12:45 – 13:00
13:00 – 14:30
Lunch time
Session II Chairman: Leszek Mazur
14:30 – 14:45
14:45 – 15:00
15:00 – 15:15
Bartosz Kalota - Fluorescence and phosphorescence of lutetium(III)
and gadolinium(III) porphyrins for the intraratiometric oxygen sensing
Marcin Kobielusz - On oxygen activation at rutile- and anatase-TiO2
Anna Regiel-Futyra - Zinc oxide-chitosan nanocomposites as an
efficient and biocompatible photoprotective agent
15:15 – 15:45
Coffee break
15:45 – 16:00
16:00 – 16:15
Wojciech Radosz - Local voids in polymer systems
Andrzej Blachecki - Photoelectrochemistry of cadmium sulfide conductive polymers composites
Kacper Pilarczyk - Information processing in optoelectronic devices
based on modified wide-bandgap semiconductors
16:15 – 16:30
18:00 – 20:00
Sightseeing
16
Tuesday
21 April 2015
Session BioNam I Chairman: Katarzyna Matczyszyn
9:00 – 10:00
10:00 – 11:00
Isabelle Ledoux-Rak - Invited Lecture
Luana Persano - Invited lecture
11:00 – 11:30
Coffee break
Session III Chairman: Dominika Wawrzyńczyk
11:30 – 12:15
Artur Bednarkiewicz - Invited Lecture: Nano engineering at
nanoscale : the advantages of active-core-active-shell approach
to design efficient up-converting nanoparticles
12:15 – 12:30
Mateusz Trochowski - Efficient titanium oxide(IV) materials
modified with anthraquinone derivatives
Kacper Parafiniuk - Tunable organic DFB laser
Radosław Kołkowski - Chiral plasmonic meta-molecules
for nonlinear optical watermark encryption
12:30 – 12:45
12:45 – 13:00
13:00 – 14:30
Lunch time
14:30 – 16:30
Poster session + Coffee break
17:00 – 20:00
Odra river cruise
17
Wednesday
22 April 2015
Session BioNam II Chairman: Marek Samoć
9:00 – 10:00
10:00 – 11:00
Robert Luxenhofer - Invited Lecture
Isabelle Ledoux-Rak - Invited Lecture
11:00 – 11:30
Coffee break
Session IV Chairman: Marta Gordel
11:30 – 12:15
Tomasz Lipiński - Invited Lecture
12:15 – 12:30
Maciej Chrzanowski - CdSe-CdS core-shell and CdS:Zn nanocrystals
synthesis and spectroscopic investigations
Maciej Pieczarka - Investigation of the energetic structure of large
self-assembled InGaAs quantum dots in the infrared spectral range
Adam Szukalski - Third harmonic generation as nonlinear optical
response in pyrazoline derivatives based systems
12:30 – 12:45
12:45 – 13:00
13:00 – 14:30
Lunch time
Session V Chairman: Joanna Olesiak-Bańska
14:30 – 15:15
COMSOL – Thomas Englisch - COMSOL Multiphysics – one tool
fits all
15:15 – 15:45
Coffee break
15:45 – 16:00
16:15 – 16:30
Michał Kawa - Effect of synthesis conditions on the structure of
graphene oxide surface
Wioletta Trzpil - Synthesis of fluoride nanocrystals doped with Eu3+
with potential application as nanolabels, structural and spectroscopic
characterization
Maciej Bieniek - Two-dimensional topological insulator quantum dots
19:00 – 24:00
Conference dinner (Inspiracja Restaurant)
16:00 – 16:15
18
Thursday
23 April 2015
Session BioNam III Chairman: Jarosław Myśliwiec
9:00 – 10:00
10:00 – 11:00
Luana Persano - Invited lecture
Robert Luxenhofer - Invited Lecture
11:00 – 11:30
Coffee break
Session VI Chairman: Radosław Kołkowski
11:30 – 12:15
Teodor Gotszalk - Invited Lecture: Metrology in nanotechnology
12:15 – 12:30
Izabela Kondratowicz - Controlling the architecture of porous
reduced graphene oxide xerogels
Marco Deiana - Nucleic acid interaction of water-soluble
azobenzene derivatives: synthesis, characterization and DNA
binding
Adam Mielnik-Pyszczorski - Influence of the strain distribution on
non-radiative transitions in a quantum well-quantum dot system
12:30 – 12:45
12:45 – 13:00
13:00 – 14:30
Lunch time
Session VII Chairman: Janusz Szeremeta
14:30 – 14:45
14:45 – 15:00
15:00 – 15:15
15:15 – 15:30
Klaudia Dradrach - Generation of photonic eddies in organic
systems
Joanna Noga - Behaviour of chiral and linear isomers of SingleComponent Phototropic Liquid Crystals in Holographic Grating
Recording
Magdalena Waszkielewicz - Chirality and luminescence of gold
nanoclusters
Closing
19
20
IV. Abstracts
21
22
Monday
20.04.2015
23
24
Photoelectrochemical Characterization of Tin(IV) Iodide Complexes
Ewelina Wlaźlak1, Wojciech Macyk1, Konrad Szaciłowski2
1
Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków,
Poland
2
Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30,
30-059 Kraków, Poland
Abstract
Tin tetraiodide was mentioned in literature for the first time in 1923 [1]. Since then the
topic of SnI4 properties has been discussed in several papers, mostly in 60-80’s. Although, a few
complexes of [SnI4L2] type were mentioned, none of them was considered in the field of
optoelectronics or photovoltaics, which starts to be dominated by perovskites. Semiconducting
organic and molecular compounds attract attention due to the possibility of modulation of their
chemical and physical properties, by simple structural modifications. In these studies a series of
compounds based on tin(IV) iodide (1 - [((C6H5)3PO)2SnI4], 2 - [((C6H5)2SO]2SnI4], 3 [(C5H5NO)2SnI4] have been synthesized and characterised.
Fig. 1. The crystal structure of [((C6H5)2SO)2SnI4]
Prepared compounds in crystalline form, solution and as thin layers were characterized by
cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry, NMR spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy,
chrono-amperometry, Kelvin probe spectroscopy. The results show that tin(IV) iodide complexes
are a novel group of semiconductors with possible application in optoelectronics or
photovoltaics.
Acknowledgements
The work is a part of the “Surface engineering for control of primary processes at irradiated
semiconductors (SURPRISE)” project, realized within the IDEAS PLUS program supported by
Ministry of Science and Higher Education (grant No. 0003/ID3/2012/62).
References
[1] R. G. Dickinson, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1923, 45, 958–962
25
Ionic Conductivity, Structural Deformation, and Programmable Anisotropy of
DNA Origami in Electric Field
Chen-Yu Li1, Elisa A. Hemmig2, Jinglin Kong2, Jejoong Yoo3, Silvia Hernàndez-Ainsa2,
Ulrich F. Keyser2, and Aleksei Aksimentiev4
1Center
for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,
Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States,
2 Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.,
3 Center for the Physics of Living Cells, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
61801, United States, and
4Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United
States
Abstract
The DNA origami technique can
enable functionalisation of inorganic
structures for single-molecule electric
current recordings.1,2 Experiments
have shown that several layers of
DNA molecules, a DNA origami
plate, placed on top of a solid-state
nanopore is permeable to ions.3 Here,
we
report
a
comprehensive
characterisation
of
the
ionic
conductivity of DNA origami plates
by means of all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and nanocapillary electric current
recordings. Using the MD method, we characterise the ionic conductivity of several origami
constructs, revealing the local distribution of ions, the distribution of the electrostatic potential
and contribution of different molecular species to the current. The simulations determine the
dependence of the ionic conductivity on the applied voltage, the number of DNA layers, the
nucleotide content and the lattice type of the plates. We demonstrate that increasing the
concentration of Mg2+ ions makes the origami plates more compact, reducing their conductivity.
The conductance of a DNA origami plate on top of a solid-state nanopore is determined by the
two competing effects: bending of the DNA origami plate that reduces the current and separation
of the DNA origami layers that increases the current. The latter is produced by the electroosmotic flow and is reversible at the time scale of a hundred nanoseconds. The conductance of a
DNA origami object is found to depend on its orientation, reaching maximum when the electric
field aligns with the direction of the DNA helices. Our work demonstrates feasibility of
programming the electrical properties of a self-assembled nanoscale object using DNA.
References
[1] P. Rothemund. Nature 440, 297-302 (2006)
[2] N. A. W. Bell et al., Nano Letters 12 (1), 512-517 (2012)
[3] C.-Y. Li, E. A. Hemmig et al., ACS Nano, 9 (2), 1420-1433 (2015)
26
Transition metal-modified TiO2 materials for photocatalytic
water purification
Marcin Surówka1, Marcin Kobielusz1, Sabina Ożóg1, Marta Buchalska1,
Paweł Broś1, Wojciech Macyk1
1 Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060, Kraków, Poland
Abstract
Titanium dioxide has been considered as a valuable material for decades [1]. The
overwhelming interest in this stable, non-toxic and cheap compound arises from its photoproperties.
It has found applications in tinctorial and cosmetic industries as well as in photovoltaics and
heterogeneous photocatalysis either to synthetize or degrade (mostly) organic compounds [2].
In the presented study we have synthesized
doped titanium dioxide-based photocatalytic materials
(fig. 1.) The doping agents were oxides and salts of
selected transition metals (Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Ce, W, V).
After calcination at different temperatures, we
characterized the materials by means of diffuse
reflectance spectroscopy, spectroelectrochemical,
photoelectrochemical and powder X-ray diffraction
measurements.
The goal of our study is to obtain the most
photoactive materials in the processes of degradation
Fig. 1. Scheme of the synthesis of the
of two model herbicides: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic
doped titanium dioxide-based materials.
acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid
(2,4,5-T). These compounds are used to destroy weeds
in cereal crops plantations [3]. Good solubility in water makes them easy in use, but this feature also
generates a risk to aquatic organisms. The problem related to the removal of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T from
aqueous environment is the formation of intermediates like chlorophenol and chorobenzene
derivatives, which can be even more harmful than herbicides themselves . Therefore,
a complete mineralization of pollutants should be achieved.
Detailed results of material characteristics and their photocatalytic activity will be presented
and discussed.
Acknowledgements
This work has been supported by the EU-FP7 within the project “4G-PHOTOCAT” (grant No. 309636),
co-financed by Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Project No. W13/7.PR/2013).
References
[1]
A. Fujishima, T.N. Rao, D.A. Tryk, Titanium dioxide photocatalysis, J. Photochem. Photobiol. C
Photochem. Rev. 1 (2000) 1–21.
[2]
O. Carp, C.L. Huisman, A. Reller, Photoinduced reactivity of titanium dioxide, Prog. Solid State
Chem. 32 (2004) 33–177. doi:10.1016/j.progsolidstchem.2004.08.001.
[3]
H.K. Singh, M. Muneer, Photodegradation of a herbicide derivative , 2 ,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic
acid in aqueous, Res. Chem. Intermed. 30 (2004) 317–329.
27
Fluorescence and phosphorescence of lutetium(III) and gadolinium(III)
porphyrins for the intraratiometric oxygen sensing
Bartosz Kalota1,* Mikhail Tsvirko1
1 Jan
Długosz University, Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland;
*
e-mail: [email protected]
To the best of our knowledge, the pioneer utilization of phosphorescence of Ln(III) porphyrins in
luminescence-based oxygen sensing has been reported by Vanderkooi et al. [1] in 1987. In the early
1990s, it was stated that Lu(III) and Gd(III) porphyrins provide a good basis for the construction of
luminescent materials (due to efficient phosphorescence of the complexes) [2]. Later on, this statement
was confirmed by researchers investigated luminescence properties of oxygen sensitive sensor materials
based on Lu(III) and Gd(III) porphyrins incorporated into polymeric matrices [3].
The examined (by us) Lu(III) and Gd(III)
porphyrins in solutions at 25°C and at -196°C
produce a red-colored S 1→S0 fluorescence,
which quantum yield is in the order of 0.1%,
and a near-infrared T1→S0 phosphorescence
with quantum yield of up to 12.4%. A
simultaneous observation of fluorescence
(which is independent on oxygen and
temperature, being an internal standard) and
oxygen sensitive phosphorescence emitted by
the same complex enables an utilization of
Lu(III) and Gd(III) porphyrins in the
intraratiometric luminescence intensity-based
oxygen sensing.
Lu(III) porphyrins seem to be more
suitable for low oxygen concentration
measurements due to higher oxygen sensitivity
of their phosphorescence than that of Gd(III)
porphyrins. On the other hand, phosphorescence
of the Gd(III) complexes could determine the
oxygen better in high oxygen concentrations.
Acknowledgements The studies could be
performed thanks to the kind cooperation of
Professor Konstantin N. Solovyov, Institute of
Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of
Fig. 1. Fluorescence and phosphorescence spectra of Lu-TBP and Belarus, for ability of the metalloporphyrins
Gd-TBP (tetrabenzoporphyrin ‒ TBP) in a mixture of EtOH and utilization.
DMF (95:5, v/v) (10-6 M) at 25°C under ambient conditions (blue
line), at 25°C after partly degassing (black line), and at -196°C
(red line).
[1] J.M. Vanderkooi et al., J. Biol. Chem. 262,
5476 (1987).
[2] V.E. Pyatosin et al., Opt. Spektrosk. 70, 379 (1991).
[3] a) G.E. Khalil et al., Chem. Phys. Lett. 435, 45 (2007); b) E.G. Ermolina et al., Macroheterocycles 6,
158 (2013); c) E.G. Ermolina et al., Dyes & Pigments 97, 209 (2013).
28
On oxygen activation at rutile - and anatase - TiO2
Marcin Kobielusz1, Marta Buchalska1, Anna Matuszek 2, Michał Pacia1, Szymon Wojtyła1,
Wojciech Macyk1
1
2
Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
Department of Chemistry, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New
Zealand
Abstract
Rutile form of titanium dioxide (r-TiO2) usually shows a lower photocatalytic activity when
compared to anatase-TiO2 (a-TiO2). Nevertheless, there are numerous examples of an
unexpectedly high activity of r-TiO2 [1]. This
material may appear particularly useful when a
non-complete and selective photocatalytic
oxidation of organic substrates is required [2].
Basing on literature examples and our own
studies we compare the photocatalytic
activities of r-TiO2, a-TiO2 and r-TiO2/a-TiO2
composites. Due to a significantly better
oxygen adsorption at the surface of r-TiO 2 and
a lower redox potential of its conduction band
edge, a more efficient O2•– production takes
place at the surface of rutile. As a
Fig.1. The energy diagram close to the
consequence, also generation of 1O2 (involving
conduction band edges of a-TiO2, r-TiO2 and oxidation of superoxide) and reduction of H2O2
to OH• are favored at this material. Therefore
P25.
r-TiO2 can be considered as a particularly good
photocatalyst for activation of molecular oxygen. On the other hand, a-TiO 2 appears a stronger
oxidant. In its presence a more efficient OH• generation (as the result of water or surface
hydroxyl groups oxidation) and H2O2 oxidation to O2•– are observed [3].
Acknowledgements
The studies were realized within the „Activation of small molecules in photocatalytic systems”
project of TEAM program supported by the Foundation for Polish Science, co-financed by
European Union, Regional Development Fund.
References
[1] M. Matsushita, T. H. Tran, A. Y. Nosaka, Y. Nosaka, Catal. Today 120, 240-244 (2007).
[2] X. B. Pang, C. C. Chen, H. W. Ji, Y. K. Che, W. H. Ma, J. C. Zhao, Molecules 19, 16291-16311
(2014).
[3] M. Buchalska, M. Kobielusz, A. Matuszek, M. Pacia, S. Wojtyła, W. Macyk, Chem. Eur. J. submitted
29
Zinc oxide - chitosan nanocomposites as an efficient and biocompatible
photoprotective agent
Anna Regiel-Futyra1, Małgorzata Kus-Liśkiewicz2, Szymon Wojtyła1, Grażyna Stochel1,
Wojciech Macyk1
1
Photocatalysis Team, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060,
Kraków, Poland
2
Faculty of Biotechnology, Biotechnology Centre for Applied and Fundamental Sciences,
University of Rzeszów, Sokołowska 26, 36-100, Kolbuszowa, Poland.
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) is the main component of several suntan lotions. Its main task is ultraviolet
irradiation absorption, reflection and refraction. However, the UV light absorption and resulting
photoactivation is responsible for the highly
oxidizing, cytotoxic Reactive Oxygen Species
(ROS) generation. Another major concern
resulting from topical application of
nanoparticulated ZnO is skin penetration . In
order to minimize the photoactivity of
semiconducting materials several approaches
are being developed. Present studies concern
nanocomposite materials with blanked
photoactivity based on zinc nanoparticles,
surface-modified with chitosan.
Commercially available zinc oxide
nanoparticles were surface modified with
natural biopolymer, chitosan, by ionotropic
gelation technique (Fig. 1). Obtained materials maintained the UV light absorption ability, while the
photocatalytic activity towards selected substrates was totally blanked. Moreover, materials exhibited
a strong antibacterial activity against selected bacterial strains, Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus
and Gram-negative Escherichia coli. Importantly, lack of cytotoxic effect against human
keratinocytes (HaCaT) was confirmed.
Presented materials resolve the problem of risks associated with semiconductor nanoparticles
application in sunscreen formulations. Polymeric coating allows the absorption of UV irradiation but
also provides a photo-protection.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank IDEAS PLUS project (grant No. IdP2012000362) for providing financial
support to this project.
References
[1] Buchalska, M.; Kras, G.; Oszajca, M.; Łasocha, W.; Macyk, W., J. Photochem. Photobiol., A 213, 2-3
(2010).
[2] Cross, S. E.; Innes, B.; Roberts, M. S.; Tsuzuki, T.; Robertson, T. A.; McCormick, P., Skin Pharmacol.
Physiol. 20, 3 (2007).
30
Local voids in polymer systems
Wojciech Radosz1, Grzegorz Pawlik1, Antoni C. Mituś1
1
Group of modelling of structural phenomena in soft matter, Wrocław University of Technology,
Wyb. Wyspiańskiego, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
Abstract
During the experimental studies on the dynamics of holographic inscription of gratings in
DR1:DNA-CTMA thin films [1], the temporal pattern of evolution of diffraction efficiency
turned out to be very complex. Trials of reproducing the data via simple fitting have failed. This
complex behavior might cause big differences in temporal scales. This, from the other hand, is
closely related to inhomogeneities of local free volume in the microscale. Some leads might be
found using computer (Monte Carlo) simulations.
Fig.1. Snapshot polymer system (left) [1] and method for evaluation of void parameter value in each cell is based on amount of free space nearby (right). [2]
Through Monte Carlo simulations using bond fluctuation method [3] we attempt to describe
local free volume of the polymer system in the microscale. Description of the model and
system’s preparation will introduce into local parameter definition. Approaches from literature
will be compared with the one we have applied.
References
[1] G. Pawlik, W. Radosz, A. C. Mitus, J. Myśliwiec, A. Miniewicz, F. Kajzar, and I. Rau, Cent. Eur. J.
Chem. RICCCE 18 (2014).
[2] G. Pawlik, A.C. Mitus, A. Miniewicz, and F. Kajzar, J. Nonlinear Opt. Phys. Mater. 13, 481-489
(2004), Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 416, 113-126 (2004).
[3] I. Carmesin, K. Kremer, Macromolecules 21, 2819 (1981).
31
Photoelectrochemistry of cadmium sulfide - conductive polymers composites
Andrzej Blachecki1, Ela Grudzińska2, Konrad Szaciłowski1,2,3
1
Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30,
30-059 Kraków, Poland
2
Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
3
Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and
Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
Abstract
Nowadays, the energy consumption is constantly rising. Solar energy conversion can be the
answer for that problem. Unfortunately commercial solar cells are expensive because of material
costs and/or complex manufacturing technology. Presented cadmium sulfide composites are
cheap materials which can create alternative for the construction of novel solar cells.
Pure cadmium sulfide generate photocurrents
of low intensity. The addition of conducting
polymer increase this photocurrents. Conductive
polymers were obtained[1] from aromatic amines:
benzidine, diphenylamine, aniline, m-toluidine,
3,5-dimethylaniline in the process of chemical
polymerization in 1 M HCl and as oxidation agent
ammonium persulfate was
used. After each
polymerization reaction, the presence of polymer
was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy.
The composites were obtained by mixing
cadmium sulfide powder with the polymer solution
and subsequent evaporation of the solvent
(N,N'-dimethylformamide). A series of poly­
benzidine composites with various amount of
polymer were prepared to test influence of polymer
content on the composite properties. Other
polymer composites contain one percent of the mass of polymer.
References
[1] J. Stejskal, IUPAC, Pure and Applied Chemistry 74, 857 (2002).
32
Information processing in optoelectronic devices based on modified widebandgap semiconductors
Kacper Pilarczyk1,2, A. Podborska3, M. Lis3, M. Kawa3, M. Warzecha4,
M. Oszajca5, D. Migdal3 and K. Szaciłowski2,3
1
Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science,
Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology,
3
Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals,
AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Ave., 30-059 Cracow, Poland
4
Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences,
University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, UK
5
Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences,
ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
2
Abstract
The search for new information processing devices based on the molecular electronics and other
non-classical systems contributed to the development of alternative approaches in the design and
application of new materials. These research efforts drew several different paths leading to the studies on
molecular logic gates, biochemical sensors, neuromimetic devices, etc.
One of the most promising group of materials considered for the construction of novel information
processing systems are wide-bandgap semiconductors, which photoelectrochemical properties are tuned
by the addition of various organic compounds and their supramolecular assemblies. The use of carbon
nanostructures in the role of suitable modifiers is also gaining a lot of interest.
The presented research concentrate on the use of such hybrid materials (i.e. wide-bandgap
semiconductors modified with both molecular species and carbon nanostructures) in devices capable of
sophisticated information processing. We show the system based on the cyanocarbon-modified TiO 2,
which realise three-valued logic accept anything and consensus operations. On the other hand, we
describe the photocurrent response of an electrode, exhibiting an abnormal photoelectrochemical
photocurrent switching effect, which can be interpreted as a ternary exclusive-or logic gate. Finally, we
discuss the applicability of some hybrid materials in the construction of optoelectronic elements
exhibiting synaptic behaviour.
Fig. 1. The photocurrent direction
switching in the cyanocarbon-TiO2
material employed in the construction of
ternary logic gates (left) and synapselike response of the MWCNTs-CdS
system (right).
References
[1] Z. Ren, J. Zhang, F. X. Xiao, G. J. Xiao, Mater. Chem. A, 2, 5330 (2014)
[2] I. V. Lightcap, P. V. Kamat, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 134, 7109 (2012)
[3] M. Warzecha, M. Oszajca, K. Pilarczyk, K. Szaciłowski, Chem. Commun. 51, 3559 (2015)
Acknowledgments: Financial support from the National Science Centre (grant no. UMO-2011/03/B/ST5/01495 and UMO
2013/11/D/ST5/03010) and the Foundation for Polish Science (grant no. 71/UD/SKILLS/2014 carried-out within the INTER
programme, co-financed from the European Union within the European Social Fund) is gratefully acknowledged.
33
Tuesday
21.04.2015
34
Invited Lecture - BioNaM
Functional polymer nanofibers
Luana Persano1, Andrea Camposeo1, Dario Pisignano1,2
1
ECMT, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, via Arnesano I-73100 Lecce, Italy
2
Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “E. De Giorgi”
Università del Salento, via Arnesano I-73100 Lecce, Italy
1D nanostructuring of organic materials is gaining continuous research interest, and
polymer nanofibers, as building blocks of complex architectures, can lead to advances in many
fields including photonics and electronics. In particular, electrospun polymer nanofibers exhibit
smart physico-chemical properties, with a large variety of possible applications. The interest on
this class of materials mainly relies on their peculiar high surface to volume ratio, large area
coverage, and availability of low-cost production technologies. In particular, the electrospinning
method, which is based on the uniaxial elongation of a jet from the surface of a charged polymer
solution in presence of an intense electric field, is a versatile and high-throughput technique
enabling the fabrication of fully organic, inorganic and hybrid nanofibers.
Properly designed functional nanofibers capable of sensing, storing and converting
energy have been demonstrated. Mechanical flexibility, ease of processing, good chemical
resistance and large sensitive areas are some of the properties associated to such novel materials.
This in turn enables the exploitation of deformations induced by small forces through pressure,
mechanical vibration, elongation/compression, as natural sources of power. Other interesting
perspectives for devices in nanophotonics have been opened by the enhanced optical properties
of electrospun nanofibers. Light-emitting polymer nanofibers can be building blocks of
miniaturized integrated photonic systems, where a single fiber can work as either incoherent or
coherent source, and waveguide. In addition, by exploiting the peculiar nanofiber geometry,
novel geometries are to be demonstrated for organic lasers based on single nanofibers and on
their ensembles.
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council
under the European Union’s 7th Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013)/ERC Grant Agreement
n. 306357 (ERC Starting Grant NANO-JETS).
References
[1] L. Persano et al. Nat. Commun. 4, 1633 (2013).
[2] L. Persano et al. Advanced Materials 26, 7574 (2014).
[3] L. Persano et al. Prog. Polym. Sci. 43, 48 (2015).
35
Invited Lecture
Nano engineering at nanoscale : the advantages of active-core-active-shell
approach
to design efficient up-converting nanoparticles
Artur Bednarkiewicz1
1Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Science, Okolna 2, 50422
Wrocław, Poland, e-mail: [email protected], tel. +48 71 3954 166,
Wrocław Research Centre EIT+, ul.Stablowicka 147, 54-066 Wrocław
Intentional design and engineering of photoluminescent properties of materials is currently at the
forefront of basic research and technology innovation. The materials (especially nanoparticles), which are
capable to (up)convert light between spectral regions in predictable manner are of great interest not only
for various biological applications, but also for photovoltaics, photo-switching devices or optical sensors
construction.
Going down with the size of such
upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs), the
quantum yield drops dramatically, and reaches
0.005% for nanoparticles with average size 810 nm as compared to 0.3 and 3% for larger
NPs (for NP’s with average size 100nm and
more) and bulk crystals. These parasitic
quenching processes may be however
diminished by deposition of passivating shell
on the core nanoparticles. The passivation is not the only function the shell may play and designing
active-core@active-shell NPs may lead to improved absorption cross section, increased emission
intensity, colour tunability etc. Another important advantage of using active-core@active-shell approach
comes from the ability to spatially separate different dopant ions, and thus eliminate parasitic internal
cross-relaxation processes, which allowed obtaining up-convertion with Nd 3+ sensitizers within novel
Energy Migration Mediated Up-conversion (EMU) mechanism.
The major motivation for the lecture will be to underline the importance of intentional design of
luminescent nanomaterials for biomedical purposes. This will be provided based on experimental proofs,
qualitative and quantitative studies on the influence of doping configuration and active-core@active-shell
UCNPs chemical architecture on the up-conversion properties of β-NaYF4 NPs. We used β-NaYF4 host,
due to its well-known optimal phonon cut-off frequency, doped with the Ho 3+ and Yb3+ ions or Tb3+ and
Nd3+/Yb3+, where core and shell were individually and independently doped with different combination of
ions. The expected structure and morphology of the obtained β-NaYF4 core @ β-NaYF4 shell NPs have
been confirmed by TEM and XRD measurements. The measured up-converting properties, such as
luminescence spectra, power dependent absolute quantum yield of up-conversion and power dependent
luminescence spectra, as well as luminescence decay times under Stokes and anti-Stokes pulsed
excitation, let us draw the conclusions on the importance of the UCNPs compositional architecture on the
possibility to intentionally design the optical properties of UCNPs. These enhanced materials may find
numerous interesting applications in biomedical field, starting from novel designs of biosensors up to
novel theranostic tools.
36
Efficient titanium oxide(IV) materials modified with anthraquinone
derivatives
Mateusz Trochowski1, Kinga Szatkowska1, Marta Buchalska1, Wojciech Macyk1
1
Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków
Abstract
Photocatalytic materials based on titanium dioxide are widely used in many types of
photoreactions. Availability, small toxicity and low costs are benefits of using these compounds.
Unfortunately, the majority of these processes need UV-light radiation to obtain high yields. To avoid
these problems, the activity of TiO2 materials can be expanded to visible light. Surface engineering
based on deposition of organic compounds with
donor bonding groups is one of the ways to
achieve it. Previous studies confirm that
aromatic compounds with hydroxyl and
carboxyl groups can bind to TiO2 surface
efficiently, forming surface complexes that
absorb visible light due to charge transfer
absorption band extending from UV to visible
light [1,2].
Anthraquinone derivatives deposited at
TiO2 form an interesting type of photoactive
materials. These systems consist of organic
chromophores bound to the semiconductor
Fig. Hydroxyterephthalic acid generation under
surface through the oxygen atoms of hydroxyl
Vis-light radiation (420 nm cut-off, pH = 12).
or carboxyl group. The bond between the
chromophore and the titanium atom at the
semiconductor surface shows a strong covalent character which makes the material stable [3].
Performed photoactivity test shows that reactive oxygen species can be formed at the surface of
modified TiO2 [4].
We compared the activity of antraquinone modified TiO 2 and materials modified with small
organic and inorganic compounds upon visible-light irradiation. The anthraquinone materials show a
better photoactivity (Fig.) and photostability. All obtained materials have also been examined
towards the photocurrent generation.
Detailed results of these studies will be presented and discussed.
Acknowledgements
The support from Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education within the IDEAS PLUS project
(grant no 0003.ID.2012.62) is highly acknowledged.
References
[1] W. Macyk, K. Szaciłowski, G. Stochel, M. Buchalska, J. Kuncewicz, P. Łabuz,
Coord. Chem. Rev. 254, 2687 (2010).
[2] K. Szaciłowski, M.A. Grela, J. Mech, Dyes and Pigments, 103, 202-213(2014).
[3] J. Mech, K. Szaciłowski, Arch Metall Mater, 58 (I), 269-273(2013)
[4] K. Szaciłowski, W. Macyk, A. Drzewiecka-Matuszek, M. Brindell, G. Stochel,
Chem. Rev. 105, 2647 (2005).
37
Tunable organic DFB laser
Kacper Parafiniuk1, Lech Sznitko1, Jaroslaw Myśliwiec1
1
Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław
University of Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
Abstract
Here we report on the realization of the distributed feedback (DFB) laser in simple organic
dye-doped polymeric layer, showing also random lasing (RL) phenomenon without DFB
structure inscribed (Fig. 1). The luminescent compound 3-(1,1-dicyanoethenyl)-1-phenyl-4,5dihydro-1H-pyrazole (DCNP) nonlinear optical dye was dispersed in the poly(methyl
methacrylate) (PMMA) host matrix deposited onto glass substrate. Different sizes crystals of the
dye appear spontaneously in a bulk of the planar
waveguide during slow solvent evaporation
process while sample preparation. Because
stimulated emission occurs from DCNP crystals
[1], aggregates of the luminescent compound
(micro- and nano-crystals) support both random
feedback as well as gain in the system [2].
Distributed feedback resonator was introduced
using optical system based on degenerated two
wave mixing of pumping beams coming from
the doubled in frequency Nd:YAG (532 nm)
Fig.1. RL profile and DFB lasing spectra
pulsed laser. Beams create in the sample volume
after irradiation by two interfering beams.
an interference pattern causing the formation of
temporary and fully reversible, two-dimensional population diffraction grating which fulfils the
Bragg conditions for light amplification. Period of the pattern, gain coefficient and refractive
index modulation, can be easily changed by changing the angle of intersection between beams,
what in result lead to a possibility of tuning the DFB lasing wavelength in a real time. Due to the
presence of two neighboring DCNP stimulated emission bands, that can be treated as incoherent
RL, the tuning can be done in long range of about 65 nm.
Finally there is a prospect for expand the spectral range of tuning by adding into the system
another dye that can form with the DCNP a couple for energy transfer process. Preliminary
experimental results of such approach utilizing Nile Blue dye are also shown in the present work.
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the Polish National Science Centre for grant no. DEC-2013/09/D/ST4/03780 and
Wrocław University of Technology for financial support.
References
[1] O. Morawski, A. L. Sobolewski, B. Kozankiewicz, L. Sznitko, and A. Miniewicz,
Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, 26887 (2014).
[2] L. Sznitko, K. Cyprych, A. Szukalski, A. Miniewicz, and J. Myśliwiec, Proc. SPIE 8983, 89830V
(2014).
38
Chiral plasmonic meta-molecules
for nonlinear optical watermark encryption
Radosław Kołkowski1,2, Lucia Petti3, Massimo Rippa3, Clément Lafargue2, Joseph Zyss2,3
1
Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław
University of Technology, ul. Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
2
Laboratoire de Photonique Quantique et Moléculaire, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan,
61 avenue du Président Wilson, 94235 Cachan, France
3
Institute of Cybernetics of CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80072 Pozzuoli, Italy
Abstract
Due to strong interactions with light, plasmonic nanostructures may exhibit enhancement of
many diverse optical phenomena, such as circular dichroism. This phenomenon, also known as
the chiroptical effect, can be further enhanced by switching from linear to nonlinear optical
processes, such as second-harmonic generation (SHG). We use circularly polarized nonlinear
microscopy to investigate the backscattered SHG from chiral non-centrosymmetric gold
nanostructures. Our samples are composed of triangular gold nano-prisms arranged into 2D
chiral patterns over a glass substrate. Large chiroptical effects in SHG are observed in
experiments and confirmed by numerical simulations [1]. Contrary to recently investigated nanomaterials, such as the super-chiral surfaces studied by Valev et al. [2], our nanostructures
constitute independent sub-wavelength super-chiral nano-objects, which can be arranged to form
microscopic watermarks, and efficiently read out using nonlinear microscopy setup.
Figure 1. On the left: SEM image of the watermark composed of "left" and "right" enantiomers of a gold
nanostructure; on the right: images obtained by means of SHG microscopy using right-handed (top) and
left-handed (bottom) circularly polarized light for excitation.
References
[1] R. Kolkowski et al., “Octupolar plasmonic meta-molecules for nonlinear chiral watermarking at
subwavelentgh scale”, submitted.
[2] V. K. Valev et al., “Nonlinear Superchiral Meta-Surfaces: Tuning Chirality and Disentangling NonReciprocity at the Nanoscale”, Adv. Mater. 26(24), 4074–4081 (2014)
39
Wednesday
22.04.2015
40
CdSe-CdS core-shell and CdS:Zn nanocrystals synthesis and spectroscopic
investigations
Maciej Chrzanowski1, Mateusz Bański1, Artur Podhorodecki1, Jan Misiewicz1
1 Department
of Experimental Physics, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże
Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots of the II-VI group emitting in whole visible light spectrum are in high
interest due to their expansion in many optical applications including LEDs and solid state lightning,
displays and photovoltaics. Their unique properties arising from possibility of precise control of their
size, composition and energy gap are great advantage allowing to
obtain narrow, tuneable emission. Bare core semiconductor
nanocrystals (NCs) such as CdS or CdSe emitting from blue to red
can be easily and cheaply obtained, however their luminescent
properties are strongly dependent on several factors such as surface
ligand cover, solvent choice, storage atmosphere, defects and Auger
process assisted non-radiative recombination pathways which are
possible reasons of emission quantum yield quenching and makes
their photoluminescence become unstable during excitation.
These limitations can be easily overcome by shell growth on
earlier prepared cores. Received nanostructures can exhibit different
interesting properties depending on relative conduction and valence
band alignment of the core and shell material. There is also another
possibility to improve emission stability which is alloyed or doped
nanocrystals synthesis. For CdS nanoparticles addition of Zn dopant
turns out to makes luminescence perfectly stable. Moreover, these
CdS:Zn nanocrystals cover blue and violet wavelengths range what
is unreachable for CdSe based NCs.
Fig.1. Absorption and
In our approach, the CdSe-CdS core-shell semiconductor NCs
photoluminescence spectra of
have
been
synthesized by wet chemistry method. CdSe cores were
CdSe seeds before (a) and after (b)
prepared
by
hot injection technique resulting in narrow size
CdS shell growth.
distribution followed by slow infusion of sulphur precursor desired
for CdSe shell growth. Three different surfactant agents were used: oleic acid (OA), oleylamine (OAm)
and octanethiol. For CdS:Zn NCs with various Cd/Zn molar ratio heating-up procedure was applied. NCs
will be characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as
optical spectroscopy such as absorption (ABS), photoluminescence (PL), and time stability of PL.
References
[1] P. Reiss, M. Protière, L. Li, Small 5, 154 (2009)
[2] D. Chen, F. Zhao, H. Qi, M. Rutherford, X. Peng, Chemistry of Materials 22, 1437 (2010).
[3] O. Chen, J. Zhao, V. P. Chauhan, J. Cui, C. Wong, D. K. Harris, H. Wei, H.-S. Han, D. Fukumura, R.
K. Jain, and M. G. Bawendi, “Compact high-quality CdSe–CdS core–shell nanocrystals with narrow
emission linewidths and suppressed blinking,” Nat. Mater. 12, 5, 445–451 (2013)
41
Investigation of the energetic structure of large self-assembled InGaAs
quantum dots in the infrared spectral range
Maciej Pieczarka1, Aleksander Maryński1, Paweł Podemski1 Jan Misiewicz1, Grzegorz Sęk1
1
Laboratory for Optical Spectroscopy of Nanostructures, Department of Experimental Physics,
Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
Abstract
Low-indium content In0.3Ga0.7As/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) [1] constitute an
unique kind of quasi-zero-dimensional nanostructures with an extraordinary large volume, beneficial
for cavity QED [2], and in-plane shape asymmetry in comparison to well-studied epitaxial selfassembled InAs/GaAs QDs. The complexity and peculiar properties of this system have already been
signalized, both theoretically and experimentally, indicating, e.g., the weak confinement regime [3]
and low degree of linear polarization, of the order of few percent, observed in the surface emission
(despite the distinct nanostructure in-plane asymmetry – lateral aspect ratio exceeding 2) [4]. There
has also been reported the importance of quasi-zero-dimensional traps in the wetting layer for the
dynamics of the entire system and its emission properties [5,6].
Regardless of the theoretical and experimental effort, there is still very limited knowledge on
the detailed energy structure of such In 0.3Ga0.7As/GaAs self-assembled elongated QDs and the
possible energy transfer processes between different parts of the system at the single nanoobject
level. We probe the energetic structure of the system by means of µ-photoluminescence excitation
spectroscopy (µPLE) with sub-micrometer spatial resolution in the near infrared spectral range.
Resonant energy transfer between the 2D density of states from the wetting layer to confined states in
the dot has been detected. Correlation between the PLE signal intensity and the energy separation
between the dot states and the wetting layer absorption edge has been evidenced. Energy transfer
efficiency is explained via change of the dots’ optical oscillator strength and the influence of the
energy dissipation in the transfer occurring with lager energy separation. Signatures of the resonant
LO-phonon-assisted feeding of the excited states in the dot are detected and analyzed based on 8band k·p calculations, taking into account the realistic dot geometry, 3D strain distribution and
piezoelectric field. In addition, the carrier localization in the wetting layer is investigated in
temperature-dependent excitation experiment.
We would like to thank A. Löffler, J.-P. Reithmaier, S. Höfling, M. Kamp, S. Reitzenstein from
University of Würzburg for provision of the sample.
M. P. would like to acknowledge the support from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education
project Diamond Grant no. DI2012 008642
References
[1] A. Löffler, et al., J. Cryst. Growth 286, 6 (2006)
[2] J. P. Reithmaier et.al., Nature 432, 197 (2004)
[3] M. Pieczarka, et al., Acta Phys. Pol. A 124, 809 (2013)
[4] A. Musiał, et al., Phys. Rev. B 90, 045430 (2014)
[5] M. Syperek, et al., Phys. Rev. B 87, 125305 (2013)
[6] Ł. Dusanowski, et al., J. Appl. Phys. 111, 063522 (2012)
42
Third harmonic generation as nonlinear optical response
in pyrazoline derivatives based systems
A. Szukalski1, K. Iliopoulos2,3, B. Sahraoui2, J. Myśliwiec1
1
Faculty of Chemistry, Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Wrocław
University of Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-320 Wrocław, Poland
2
Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou, Université d'Angers, CNRS UMR 6200, 2 Boulevard Lavoisier,
49045 Angers, France.
3
Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Foundation for Research and
Technology-Hellas (FORTH), 26504 Patras, Greece
Abstract
Systems which possess an electron donating and accepting units – push-pull type of
molecular systems, have attracted considerable attention in the few past decades, mainly because
of the high optical nonlinearities due to the delocalized electronic cloud. 1,2 Moreover, as it has
been shown before in literature, localization and also type of the electron donors (D) and
acceptors (A) play the crucial role in the direction of their nonlinear optical (NLO) response. For
this reason, the interest of the scientific community has been focused on the functionalization of
molecular systems (especially the organic ones) which consist of D-A parts, in order to finally
tune their NLO properties.
In this work the third order nonlinear optical response of
a series of pyrazoline derivatives has been
experimentally investigated. All of the compounds have
been prepared as the guest-host system in thin polymeric
films. For the needs of this studie the third harmonic
generation Maker fringes technique has been employed
by using 30 ps laser pulse duration and 1064 nm
excitation wavelength. A variety of push-pull group of
pyrazoline derivatives has been studied in order to relate
the structural properties and dye concentration with the
optical nonlinearity. The experimental results
demonstrate a high dependence between chemical
structure and optical nonlinearity. This fact promotes this class of materials as promising
candidates for photonics and optoelectronics applications, where the control of the molecular
structure as a mean of tailoring the optical nonlinearities is crucial.
References
[1] H. El Ouazzani, K. Iliopoulos, M. Pranaitis, O. Krupka, V. Smokal, A. Kolendo, and B. Sahraoui, J.
Phys. Chem. B 115, 1944 (2011).
[2] I. Papagiannouli, K. Iliopoulos, D. Gindre, B. Sahraoui, O. Krupka, V. Smokal, A. Kolendo, and S.
Couris, Chem. Phys. Lett. 554, 107 (2012).
[3] I. Papagiannouli, A. Szukalski, K. Iliopoulos, J. Myśliwiec, S. Couris, B. Sahraoui, Phys. Chem.
Chem. Phys. (sent to the journal).
43
COMSOL Multiphysics – one tool fits all
Thomas Englisch1
1
Comsol Multiphysics GmbH, Robert-Gernhardt-Platz 1,
37073 Göttingen, Germany
Abstract
Users interested in simulations of physical systems have choice between several excellent
single physics software solutions. Scientists and engineers, working in R&D departments in
different industry branches and in research institutes, experience more and more the need to
couple different physical aspects within one model. Our world is a multiphysical world in which
different physical and chemical aspects have an impact on each other and have to be considered
simultaneously in one mathematical model. This
offers a modelling approach as close to reality
as possible. And: By a multiphysical approach,
the simulation results gain more accuracy.
One simulation tool that allows modeling
a huge amount of different multiphysical tasks
delivers a lot of benefits to experienced users on
the one side and to innovative entrepreneurs on
the other side, who expect a high level of
flexibility and intuitiveness while investing in
complex software. COMSOL Multiphysics is
modular built up simulation software based on
Finite Elements Method where all underlying
equations can be coupled with each other and
solved simultaneously in mutual dependence on
each other within one model. This way manifold and varied multiphysical simulation tasks can
be simulated, as for instance tasks from the area of MEMS [1], Photonics [2],
Bionanotechnology [3] and Optoelectronics [4]. This talk gives a short overview over the
capabilities and benefits of COMSOL Multiphysics and introduces some simulation models from
areas mentioned above as well as the needed COMSOL Modules [5].
References
[1] http://www.comsol.com/papers/13944/ Rajalakshmi Engineering College, India, University
of Central Florida, USA, (2012)
[2] http://www.comsol.com/papers/5472/ Ostendo Technologies, Inc., USA (2008).
[3] http://www.comsol.com/papers/12525/, Toyo University (2011)
[4] http://www.comsol.com/papers/13409/ Technical University of Lodz, Poland (2012)
[5] http://www.comsol.com/products
44
Effect of synthesis conditions on the structure of graphene oxide surface
Michał Kawa1,2, Agnieszka Podborska1, Konrad Szaciłowski1,2
1
Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals
Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology
AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Ave., 30-059 Cracow, Poland
2
Abstract
In the recent years graphene oxide (GO) has gained a lot of interest from the scientific
community. It is believed that this material will have a wide range of applications in the areas
such as: optoelectronics, molecular electronics and biomedical engineering [1]. Moreover, hybrid
materials based on graphene oxide and wide band gap semiconductors exhibit some interesting
memory effects [2]. It gives the opportunity to use these
materials in the construction of neuromimetic devices
and more advanced information processing circuits.
The basic method of obtaining graphene oxide is
the Hummers procedure published in 1958 [2]. Since
then many modifications have been developed. By an
appropriate choice of synthesis conditions graphene
oxide can be obtained with different physicochemical
properties. The most important to be mentioned are the
size of GO flakes and the number of functional groups
(such as hydroxyl, aldehyde, carboxylic) and the
distance between individual planes. The synthesis of
hybrid materials based on GO comes down to the
formation of chemical bonds with other materials (for
example with wide band gap semiconductors,
phthalocyanines) by the oxygen functional groups
Fig. 1. The edge of graphene
located on the surface and on the edges of graphene
oxide flake.
flakes. Equally important parameter that influences this
process on the graphene surface is the degree of corrugation. Using computational methods the
shape of the graphene oxide flakes with arbitrarily selected functional groups located on the
surface could be predicted.
Acknowledgments
Financial support from the National Science Centre (grant no. UMO-2011/03/B/ST5/01495 and UMO
2013/11/D/ST5/03010) and the Foundation for Polish Science (grant no. 71/UD/SKILLS/2014 carried-out
within the INTER programme, co-financed from the European Union within the European Social Fund) is
gratefully acknowledged.
References
[1] D. Chen, H. Feng, J. Li, Chem. Rev. 112, 6027-6053 (2012).
[2] Y. V. Pershin, M. Di. Ventra, Adv. Phys. 60, 145-227 (2011).
[3] W. S. Hummers, R. E. Offeman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 80, 1339 (1958).
45
Synthesis of fluoride nanocrystals doped with Eu3+ with potential application
as nanolabels, structural and spectroscopic characterization
Wioletta Trzpil1, Mateusz Bański1, Jan Misiewicz1, Artur Podhorodecki1
1
Laboratory for Optical Spectroscopy of Nanostructures, Department of Experimental Physics,
Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Stanisława Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław,
Poland
Abstract
Nanocrystals NaYF4 doped with trivalent europium are characterized by interesting
emission properties. In rare earth elements some induced electric dipole transition type are
extremely sensitive to changes in the environment. Thus the emission obtained by using
excitation at a certain wavelength of electromagnetic derived from trivalent europium ions, can
provide information on the symmetry environment. During the research, the focus was on
preparation of nanocrystals
with luminescent properties
based on the optically active
ions Eu3+. The aim of the
research was to obtain
nanocrystals core / shell
(NaYF4: Eu3+ (core) / NaGdF4
(shell)) with different molar
concentration of ions Eu3+.
Synthesis of the core and the
passivating shell was made by
using the wet chemistry
method.
In
addition
core-shell
Fig.1. Visualization of the properties and potential use of structures can be used
synthesized nanocrystals
to enhance
the
optical
properties of the final nanostructure, or can be used to integrate multiple functional applications.
Optical and structure properties of nanocrystals NaYF4: Eu3+ and NaYF4: Eu3+/ NaYGdF4 were
investigated separately and then the results were compared.
References
[1] Johnson N.J.J., Oakden W., Stanisz G.J., Prosser S.R. , van Veggel F.C.J.M., Chem. Mater. (2011) 23:
3714-3722
[2] Banski M., Afzaal M., Podhorodecki A., Misiewicz J., Abdelhady A.L., O’Brien P., J. Nanopart. Res.
(2012) 14:1228.
[3] Ghosh P., Patra A., J. Phys. Chem. C (2008) 112: 3223-3231
46
Two-dimensional topological insulator quantum dots
Maciej Bieniek1, Paweł Potasz1, Arkadiusz Wójs1
1
Departament of Theoretical Physics, Wrocław University of Technology, wyb. Stanisława
Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
Abstract
In the last decade field of topological states of matter has been enriched to a new class of
systems called topological insulators, in which new effect named quantum spin Hall effect has
been predicted and observed [1,2]. In such systems one observes topologically protected
(insensitive to non-magnetic disorder) edge states, which carry quantized currents. Additional
advantage is that these states are spin-polarized, which opens vast possibilities in using these
systems in spintronics.
Fig. 1 (left) Spectrum of quantum dot states for topologically trivial (M>0) and
topologically non-trivial (M<0) insulators. E is the energy of states and m is the angular
momentum. (right) Radial parts of dot states for topological insulator case (M>0) for m=5 for
bulk (red, blue) and edge (black) states.
The quantum spin Hall effect occurs in many materials, starting from graphene [3] (first
system predicted), CdTe/HgTe/CdTe quantum wells [4,5] (first system confirmed
experimentally), through many two-dimensional crystals, like bismuth and MoS2. In the
following presentation results of parameter variations on states in HgCdTe quantum dots will be
shown along with corresponding wavefunctions for a circular dot model using Bessel's functions
basis. Effects of magnetic field and various potentials will also be considered.
References
[1] J. E. Moore, Nature 464, 194 (2010).
[2] M. Z. Hasan, C. L. Kane, Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 3045 (2010).
[3] C. L. Kane and E. J. Mele, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 226801 (2005).
[4] B. A. Bernevig, T. L. Hughes and S.-C. Zhang, Science 314, 1757 (2006).
[5] M. König, S. Wiedmann, C. Brüne, A. Roth, H. Buhmann, L.W. Molenkamp, X.-L. Qi, and S.-C.
Zhang, Science 318,766 (2007).
47
Thursday
23.04.2015
48
Invited Lecture
Metrology in nanotechnology
Teodor Gotszalk1
1 Nanometrology
Division, Faculty of Microsystem Electronics and Photonics, Wrocław
University of Technology
email: [email protected]
Abstract
Nanotechnology, as the scientific and technological discipline dealing with the design,
fabrication and application of systems whose dimensions or tolerances are in the domain of
nanometers, is becoming increasingly important in many industrial and scientific areas. The
progress in Nanotechnology is directly connected with the progress in the Micro-ElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) technology. In general it can be described as a technology
miniaturized electro-mechanical devices and structures that are fabricated using the modified
semiconductor device fabrication techniques, normally used to manufacture integrated circuits
(ICs). The critical physical dimensions of the MEMS devices, to which belong simple structures
having no moving elements and extremely complex electromechanical systems with elements
actuated and controlled by the integrated microelectronics, can vary from several microns to
several millimeters. The MEMS usually integrate precise analogue electronics and
microprocessors that process signals from the microsensors and control the operation performed
by the microactuators. The MEMS technology requires not only application of modern
microfabrication techniques but also thorough analysis of the system operation. It should be
noted, that the analysis based on classical physics cannot often be used to describe and interpret
the phenomena defining the functionality the MEMS device. At these scales of dimensions the
large surface area to volume ratio of the MEMS devices, surface effects such as electrostatics,
wetting, molecular adhesion, which includes chemical interactions, dominate volume effects
such as inertia or thermal mass. In a natural way the MEMS technology merges at the nanoscale
into Nano-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (NEMS) and nanotechnology. As to create in
nanotechnology viable, commercial products, ultra-precision metrology is and will be required to
stimulate and support scientific and technological progress. We refer this new metrology as
“Nanometrology” (in other words Metrology of micro- and nanostructures). In our opinion the
metrology done with/and MEMS and NEMS devices is the solution of many scientific
technological issues.
49
Controlling the architecture of porous reduced graphene oxide xerogels
Izabela Kondratowicz1, Kamila Żelechowska1, Wojciech Sadowski1
1
Department of Solid State Physics, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Technical
University of Gdańsk, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-823 Gdańsk, POLAND,
e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
The possibility to control the structure of porous carbonaceous materials opens up a route
to create many different material designs [1]. This enables to adjust the pore size and distribution
in a sample which is then useful in many different applications such as catalysis and adsorption
of various molecules (heavy ions, transition metals, biomolecules) [2][3]. The methods of the
structure templating are the soft and hard-templating methods. The latter which is a more
common approach utilizes the sacrificial materials (templates) of suitable architecture. They are
used to build up a new structure and are then removed from the sample.
We present here the several different
methods to control the scaffold of
reduced graphene oxide xerogels by
the hard-templating method. In our
experiments graphene oxide was used
as a precursor of carbon and ascorbic
acid was a reducing agent. As a
template we used silica particles of
different sizes (50, 150, 300 nm) which
Figure 1: The schematic drawing of the hardwere etched away using concentrated
templating method using silica particles as a template. hydrochloric acid. The formed
hydrogels were dried at room
temperature. The SEM pictures show the successful synthesis of porous structures with the
uniform pore size distribution. The BET surface areas of different samples were measured and
compared. The XPS, FTIR and TG spectra of the samples (reduced graphene oxide xerogels)
were also recorded. The samples were tested for the oil adsorption and exhibited the improved
adsorption capabilities compared to the non-templated samples.
References
[1] S. Han, D. Wu, S. Li, F. Zhang, and X. Feng, Adv. Mater., 26, 849, (2014).
[2] Z. Wu, Y. Sun, Y. Tan, and S. Yang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134, 1, (2012).
[3] J. Tang, G. Chen, J. Yang, X. Zhou, L. Zhou, and B. Huang, Nano Energy, 8, 62, (2014).
50
Nucleic acid interaction of water-soluble azobenzene derivatives: synthesis,
characterization and DNA binding
Marco Deiana1, Ziemowit Pokladek2, Katarzyna Matczyszyn1, Marek Samoć1
1
Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław
University of Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław (Poland)
2
Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology,
Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław (Poland)
Abstract
The outstanding property of azobenzene arising from the conformational changes
occurring upon interaction with light provides an excellent tool to establish new insights in the
selective regulation applied to biosystems. Here, we investigated the binding mode and the
isomerization action of two water-soluble 4-(phenylazo)benzoic acid derivatives (Azo-2N and
Azo-3N) towards double stranded DNA by absorption, polarized and Fourier transform infrared
(FT-IR) spectroscopy. The effect of the magnitude and position of the positive charge on the
polyamine moiety coupled to the azobenzene core have been shown to play a crucial role in the
mechanism of binding to DNA. In particular, in the presence of DNA, the small ethylenediamine
(Azo-2N) group provides no or very weak interactions whereas the extended diethylenetriamine
(Azo-3N) results in noticeable spectral changes supporting the evidence of a strong association
with ds-DNA. The photoswitchable behavior of the azobenzene derivatives was also taken into
consideration leading to the conclusion that the trans form induces a major perturbation to the
DNA moiety compared to the cis form. The interaction of the planar trans form with the
macromolecule dramatically increases the base pair stacking degree and leads to strong
conformational changes in DNA helicity, whereas the non-planar cis form seems to cause no
appreciable perturbation of the DNA helix suggesting a possible entrapment between the DNA
bases.
References
[1] J. Andersson, S. Li, P. Lincoln, J. Andréasson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 11836 (2008).
[2] M. Biswas, I. Burghardt, Biophys. J. 107, 932 (2014).
[3] H. S. Basu, H. C. A. Schwietert, B. G. Feuerstein, L. J. Marton, Biochem. J. 269, 329 (1990).
51
Influence of the strain distribution on non-radiative transitions in a quantum
well-quantum dot system
Adam Mielnik-Pyszczorski1, Krzysztof Gawarecki1, Paweł Machnikowski1
1 Wrocław
University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
Abstract
Lasers based on quantum dots (QDs) have many advantages such as low threshold current,
wide spectral tunability and high temperature insensitivity. However, due to low carrier density
inside the dot, the efficiency of quantum dot lasers is reduced. One of the proposed solutions is a
quantum well-quantum dot tunnel injection structure. The density of states in a quantum well
(QW) is high, hence a QW can be used as a carrier-collecting reservoir [1,2]. The QW-QD
system must be properly designed to ensure
localization of its ground state in the dot. Then,
with phonon-assisted processes, carriers can
tunnel through the barrier from the QW to the
QD.
In this contribution, we study phonon-assisted
tunnelling of electrons in a system composed of a
dome-shaped QD placed above a QW (Fig.1). We
assume the axial symmetry of the system which
allows us to reduce the problem to two
dimensions [3].
The strain distribution is accounted by
minimization of the elastic energy of the system
[4]. The electron states are calculated using k·p method combined with the Lödwin elimination
[5]. It turns out that carriers in the QW effectively feel strain as a repulsive potential, which
affects their wavefunctions.
We study the effects of the electron coupling to the acoustic phonons and model the
electron kinetics within the correlation expansion approach. We investigate the dependence of
the phonon-assisted tunnelling rate on the temperature. Our results indicate the importance of a
proper design of the system geometry and composition to obtain the shortest relaxation times.
References
[1] W. Rudno-Rudziński, G. Sek, K. Ryczko, M. Syperek, J. Misiewicz, E. Semenova, A. Lemaitre, and
A. Ramdane, Applied Physics Letters 94, 171906 (2009).
[2] Xiao-Jie Yang, Takayuki Kiba, Takafumi Yamamura, Junichi Takayama, Agus Subagyo, Kazuhisa
Sueoka, and Akihiro Murayama, Applied Physics Letters 104, 012406 (2014).
[3] K. Gawarecki, M. Pochwała, A. Grodecka-Grad, and P. Machnikowski, Phys. Rev. B 81, 245312
(2010).
[4] C. Pryor, J. Kim, L. W. Wang, A. J. Williamson, and A. Zunger, J. Appl. Phys. 83, 2548 (1998).
[5] P.O. Löwdin, J. Chem. Phys. 19, 1396 (1951).
52
Generation of photonic eddies in organic systems
Klaudia Dradrach1, Stanisław Bartkiewicz1, Andrzej Miniewicz1
1
Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Wrocław University of Technology,
Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław
Abstract
Interesting observation was made in azobenzene derivative exhibiting mesophase during
light illumination. Light from laser diode cause vorticity in this system. We called it “whirls” or
“photonic eddies” [1].
To better understand this phenomenon, liquids
such as for instance dye solutions were investigated.
Common organic dyes and solvents were chosen.
Measurements under the optical microscope with using
laser diodes were made. After putting drop of solutions
on glass plates, influence of different factors on whirls
generation was investigated. Those factors were:
wavelengths, intensity and polarization of light,
external voltage applied to the sample. After
preliminary measurements, it was possible to propose a
mechanism based on electrostriction responsible for
Fig. 1: Liquid crystalline azobenzene photonic eddies generation in solutions [2].
Vorticity in liquid crystals and solvents with high
derivative during light illumination
viscosity
is rather connected with gradient of
(whirl is encircled).
temperature and surface tension. To confirm these
assumptions a group of nematic mixtures and viscous solvents was prepared and studied. The
optical microscope setup was re-used. Explanation of these results was based on hydrodynamics.
References
[1] K. Dradrach, S. Bartkiewicz, A. Sobolewska, “Sposób mieszania i przemieszczania cząstek w
materiale ciekłokrystalicznym”, patent application number P.408349, 27.05.2014r.
[2] S. Bartkiewicz, A. Miniewicz, Phys Chem Chem Phys 17, 1077 (2014).
53
Behaviour of chiral and linear isomers of Single-Component Phototropic
Liquid Crystals in Holographic Grating Recording
Joanna Noga1, Anna Sobolewska1, Stanisław Bartkiewicz1, Zbigniew Galewski2
1
Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław
University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
2
Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
Abstract
The family of 4-alkyl-4’-alkoxyazobenzene has
been recently used in holographic grating recording [1].
The combination of photochromic and liquid-crystalline
properties in a single molecule can open a new way for
applications of these type of liquid-crystalline materials
in the photonic devices fully controlled by the light [2].
The main advantage of this type of molecules is ability to
reversible trans-cis photoisomerization, which can
Fig.1 The holographic grating of 4-(2induce the phase transition so that it can be exploited in
methyl)butoxy-4’-nonylazobenzene
holographic recording.
In this study, chiral (S-4-(2-methyl)butoxy-4’nonylazobenzene) and linear (4-pentyloxy-4’-nonylazobenzene) isomers of liquid crystalline
azobenzene derivatives from the family of 4-alkyl-4’- alkoxyazobenzene were investigated. In both
molecules only nematic mesophase was detected (cholesteric respectively in the chiral isomer).
The photoisomerization studies were performed for both a solution of the material in organic
solvent as well as of a pure material placed in the LC cell to determine the position of the
isosbestic point. This determination is critical for the proper selection of the wavelength used
then in holographic recording experiment.
Holographic recording technique combined with a polarized optical microscope was
applied in order to compare the holographic grating recording process in both compounds. In our
study, the formation of the diffraction grating is a result of the isotropic-to-nematic (I-N) phase
transition. Additionally, theoretical approach considering the growth liquid-crystalline domains
was used to fit the results of experiments with very good precision.
References
[1] A. Sobolewska, J. Zawada, S. Bartkiewicz, Z. Galewski, J. Phys. Chem. C 117, 10051 (2013).
[2] A. Sobolewska, J. Zawada, S. Bartkiewicz, Z. Galewski, Proc. of SPIE 8828, 88280U (2013).
54
Chirality and luminescence of gold nanoclusters
M. Waszkielewicz1, J. Olesiak-Bańska1, M. Wojtas2, M. Różycka2, A. Bansal3, K. Matczyszyn1,
A. Ożyhar2, I.D.W. Samuel3, M. Samoć1
1
Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology,
Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland,
2
Department of Biochemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27,
50-370 Wrocław, Poland,
3
Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North
Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Scotland, UK
Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Nanoclusters are noble metal structures with diameter below 2 nm, which possess discrete energy
levels and do not display a typical surface plasmon resonance (SPR), which is characteristic
for nanocrystals [1, 2]. The luminescence of these molecular-like structures is often attributed to particle
size effect, but it also depends on other structural parameters such as the type of surface ligands [3].
The particular influence of these structural factors on emission
properties and mechanisms is still discussed. The special
electronic and geometric structure of nanoclusters gives rise to
many other noteworthy properties like chirality, magnetism,
redox chemistry and photovoltaic properties [4]. This is why
this type of materials have gained great interest due to their
applications in catalysis, photonics, biosensing and molecular
electronics [5].
This contribution reports investigations of the chirality of
gold-glutathione [6] and gold-captopril [4] as well as their
luminescence properties [6]. The gold-glutathione clusters were
synthesized from Au(I)SG (SG-glutathionate) polymers by
reductive decomposition and separated by polyacrylamide gel
electrophoresis, as described in [6]. The gold-captopril clusters
were also obtained from reductive decomposition of Au(I)SG
Fig. 1: Gold-captopril nanoclusters
polymers [4]. The identification of the dimensions of the
dissolved in buffer pH=2 – transmission
particles in each material was performed through transmission
electron microscopy image.
electron microscopy (TEM) (Fig.1). The circular dichroism
(CD) measurement indicated the presence of chirality of some samples. The luminescence lifetimes of the
samples were also recorded for both visible and NIR emission. The relation between chirality and
fluorescence will be discussed. Finally, the influence of pH and different kinds of ions on optical
properties will be presented.
References
[1] R. Philip, P. Chantharasupawong, H. Qian, R. Jin J. Thomas, Nano Lett., 12, 4661 (2012)
[2] E. Oh, F. Fatemi, M. Currie, J. Delehanty, T. Pons, A. Fragola, S. Lévêque-Fort, R. Goswami,
K. Susumu, A. Huston, I. Medintz, Part. Part. Syst. Charact., 30, 453 (2013)
[3] J. Zheng, C. Zhou, M. Yu, J. Liu, Nanoscale, 4, 4073 (2012)
[4] S. Kumar, R. Jin, Nanoscale, 4, 4222 (2012)
[5] N. Nishida, H. Yao, K. Kimura, Langmuir 24, 2759 (2008)
[6] T. Schaaff , R. Whetten, J. Phys. Chem. B, 104, 2630 (2000)
[7] Y. Negishi, K. Nobusada, T. Tsukuda, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 127, 5261 (2005)
55
56
V. Posters
Tuesday
14.30-16.30
57
58
List of posters
Anna Taraba
Volumetric properties of aqueous solutions of nonionic
surfactants at different temperatures
P2
Barbara Pucelik
Metal complexes of a novel halogenated porphyrin and their
TiO2-based hybrid materials as efficient agents for
photocatalysis and photomedicine
P3
Daria Kociołek
Surface functionalization of inorganic nanocrystals for their
transfer to water
P4
Magdalena Szaniawska
Spectra of pyrene under the effects of surfactants
P5
Małgorzata Skibińska
The synthesis of mesoporous silica SBA-15
P6
Marta Fiedot
Analysis of electrical phenomena in the resistive gas sensors
with one-dimensional structures of ZnO
P7
Witold Nawrot
Time response analysis of resistive gas sensors during the
detection of halitosis markers
Anna Żelazo
Ligand exchange approach with a PEG-based ligand as a
sufficient method to transfer PbS/CdS nanocrystals into the
water
P9
Michał Pacia
Enhancing degradation of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T herbicides by
metal oxides clusters deposition on titanium dioxide
powders
P10
Radosław Deska
Plasmonic effect in metallodielectric composites
P11
Adrian Justyniarski
A Polyfluorene Aggregates Facilitates Sensing of Insulin
Amyloid Fibrils by Two-photon Absorption
P12
Aleksander Zięcina
Microwave stimulated Bradley's synthesis of colloidal
ferrite spinel Co1-xNixFe2O4 nanoparticles- structural
features, cytotoxicity and magnetic properties
P13
Joanna Bednarska
On the reliability of Huang-Rhys factors: Theory meets
experiment
P14
Agnieszka Chmielewska
Analysis of primary energy consumption for production and
distribution of DHW in multifamily buildings
P15
Maciej Duda
Nanostructural characterization of biofunctionalized
cardiovascular stent surface by atomic force microscopy
P16
Mariusz Rosa
P17
Magdalena Klekotko
P1
P8
Synthesis of zinc(II) and copper(II) complexes of
nitro-/amino-meso-tetraphenylporphyrin derivatives –
exhaustively substituted in all β-positions of ’Eastern half’
Cytotoxicity of gold nanoparticles synthesized using mint
extract
59
P18
Karolina Kinastowska
Antibody-coated gold nanoparticles for biosensing
applications
P19
Beata Jędrzejewska
One- and two-photon-induced isomerization of styryl dyes
P20
Marta Ziemianek
Synthetic archaeal photosensitive lipids for applications in
medicine
P21
Piotr Józef Bardziński
Alexandra Filatova
A new model of copper mold injection casting
P22
Michał Skowicki
Upconverting nanoparticle assisted bioimaging
P23
Olga Rac
Synthesis of SnO2 nanoparticles for application in sensors
P24
Małgorzata Wielgus
Solvent and Nonlinear Effects observed in Gold Nanorods
and CdSe Nanoparticles
P25
Paulina Sikora
Studies of the effect of the rubbed glass surfaces on the
DNA liquid crystalline phases doped with gold nanorods
P26
Izabella Jasyk
Plant-mediated synthesis of triangular gold nanoprisms and
characterization of the obtained structures
P27
Joanna Sobska
Spectroscopic methods as a tool for knowledge
interaction with DNA
P28
Oktawia Pałczyńska
Synthesis of plasmonic nanoprisms and their spectroscopic
characterization
P29
Marta Gordel
New, Highly Efficient Multi-Photon Absorbers:
Experimental Studies of the Nonlinear Optical Properties
P30
Leszek Mazur
Optically controlled capacitance switch based on
spiropyrans blended with PMMA
P31
Jan Zaręba
Counterion influence on second harmonic spectra of
coordination polymers
P32
Tomasz Kozłowski
P33
Katarzyna Brach
Cholesteric liquid crystalline DNA doped with gold
nanoclusters
P34
Joanna Jaworska
Influence of the ester group inversion on the liquid
crystalline properties of selected azobenzene derivatives
Influence of peripheral substituents on optical properties of
heterocyclic azo dyes
60
P1
Volumetric properties of aqueous solutions of nonionic surfactants
at different temperatures
Anna Taraba1, Katarzyna Szymczyk1
1
Department of Interfacial Phenomena, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska
University, Maria Curie-Skłodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
Abstract
Fluorocarbon surfactants are surface active materials in which some, or all, of the
hydrogen atoms in the hydrophobic moiety, referred to hereafter as the surfactant tail, are
replaced by fluorine atoms [1-3]. The resulting structural and chemical properties of
fluorocarbon surfactants lead to differences in their surface and volumetric properties as
compared to those of their hydrocarbon analogues. Their outstanding chemical and thermal
stability expands their applications to extreme conditions which are too severe for hydrocarbon
surfactants.
These surfactants are also very important commercially. They are indispensable as
emulsifiers in many industrial applications, including emulsion polymerization of chlorocarbons
and fluorocarbons, and in a variety of biomedical applications, including the development of
oxygen-carrying fluorocarbon emulsions [1,2,4]. Practical applications of the fluorocarbon
surfactants in many cases are not based on the fundamental studies dealing with their behaviour
at the different interfaces and in the bulk phase.
Among the fluorocarbon surfactants, Capstone(r) FS-3100 is a nonionic fluorosurfactant
that provides exceptionally low surface tension in aqueous or solvent-based products, enabling
better wetting, spreading, leveling, and other beneficial properties. FS-3100 is stable in acidic,
basic, brine and hard water environments, making it easy to formulate into a variety of systems
[5]. There is, therefore theoretical and practical interest in carefully characterizing the properties
of this compound. Thus, the purpose of the presented studies was to determine the adsorption
and volumetric properties of aqueous solutions of FS-3100 at 293-318K.
References
[1] E. Kissa, Fluorinated Surfactants, Synthesis, Properties, Applications. Surfactant Science Series,
Marcel Dekker, Inc: New York, 1994.
[2] E. Kissa, Fluorinated Surfactants and Repellents. Surfactant Science Series, Second edition, Marcel
Dekker, Inc: New York, 2001.
[3] M.P. Krafft, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 47 ( 2001) 209-228.
[4] K. Holmberg, B. Jönsson, B. Kronberg, B. Lindman, Surfactants and Polymers in Aqueous Solutions,
John Wiley & Sons, England, 2003.
[5] http://www2.dupont.com/Capstone/en_US/assets/downloads/K-23716-2_Capstone_FS-3100.pdf.
61
P2
Metal complexes of a novel halogenated porphyrin and their
TiO2-based hybrid materials as efficient agents for photocatalysis and
photomedicine
Barbara Pucelik1, Wojciech Macyk1, Luis G. Arnaut2 Mariette M. Pereira2, Grażyna Stochel1
and Janusz M. Dąbrowski1
1 Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
Department, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Coimbra, Portugal
[email protected], [email protected]
2 Chemistry
Abstract
Recently, there has been a growing interest in the development of a new class of hybrid
materials with enhanced photoactivity - sensitizer@TiO2, in which macrocycles such as
porphyrins and their metal complexes are used due to their large-electron systems and its high
molar absorption coefficient within the visible light.
In this work a new halogenated porphyrin
derivative,
5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(2,6-difluoro-5-Nmethylsulfamylophenyl)porphyrin (F2PMet) and its
cobalt and zinc complexes were synthesized and
characterized. An extensive studies on the novel
tetrapyrrolic compounds were carried out including
absorption and emission spectra, fluorescence quantum
yields, triplet absorption spectra, triplet lifetimes,
photostability, singlet oxygen quantum yields and
photocurrent
generation.
Moreover,
the corresponding TiO2-based photocatalysts were
prepared and examined in terms of their morphological
and optical properties by absorption spectroscopy and
scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Our studies report that MF2PMet@TiO2 photocatalysts can be considered as the hybrid
organic/inorganic photoactive materials in successfully photodegradation of synthetic opioid
analgesic such as Tramadol (TRML) and a model pollutant, 4-chlorophenol in aqueous solution
under the visible light irradiation (λ>400nm). To elucidate detailed mechanisms of
photochemical processes, the photocatalytic activity of investigated metalloporphyrins was
compared in homo- and heterogeneous systems. The results indicated that impregnation of TiO 2
(P25) with functionalized porphyrins can improve its efficacy and ZnF 2PMet@TiO2 exhibited
a superior photocatalytic performance towards TRML. This effect can be explained by
synergistic action of adsorption of ZnF2PMet on TiO2 surface and its ability of photocurrent
generation as a result of the photoinduced electron transfer from porphyrin to the conduction
band of TiO2.
62
In this case, selected mechanistic insights of reactive oxygen species generation of these
complexes are also highlighted.[1] In conclusion, physicochemical properties of ZnF2PMet
makes this metalloporphyrin and its TiO2-based material an excellent candidate for practical
application, including not only photochemistry and photocatalysis but also photomedicine
e.g. photodynamic therapy (PDT) or photoinactivation of microorganisms and bacterial cells.
Acknowledgements
We thank MNiSW for Iuventus Plus grant nr IP2014008573 and National Science Centre for grants
2012/05/B/ST5/00389 and 2013/11/D/ST5/02995.
References
[1] J. M. Dabrowski, B. Pucelik, M. Krzek, A. R. Abreu, N.P.F. Gonçalves, G.N. Costa, L.G. Arnaut, W.
Macyk, G. Stochel, M. M. Pereira, Photochem. Photobiol.Sci (2015), in preparation.
63
P3
Surface functionalization of inorganic nanocrystals for their transfer to water
D. Kociołek1, A. Noculak1, M. Bański1, B. Sikora2, D. Elbaum2, M. Szewczyk3, J. Misiewicz1,
A. Podhorodecki1
1
Department of Experimental Physics, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże
Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
2
Institute of Physics, PAN, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warszawa, Poland
3
Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, PAN, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
Abstract
In the past two decades quantum dots (QDs) have gained tremendous attention due to
their potential for use in variety of applications, ranging from cellular imaging to electronic
devices. High-quality QDs are desirable for biological detection because of their unique optical
features. Nevertheless, the utility of QDs is restricted by their potential cytotoxicity and by the
necessity of ultraviolet and visible light excitation, which usually causes the autofluorescence of
the biological sample and signal interference. To address the aforementioned issues, a new class
of lanthanide-doped nanomaterials has emerged. Termed as upconversion nanoparticles they
have unique advantages such as the lack of autofluorescence, low cytotoxicity, long emission
decay and deeper light penetration in the so-called therapeutic window. However, the utility of
nanoparticles in biological applications requires that they are fully dispersible in aqueous
solutions. Therefore, we conducted a surface modification of NaGdF 4:Yb3+,Er3+ and CdSe/CdS
QDs by ligand attraction method.
Transfer to water was obtained by ligand attraction in which amphiphilic ligand (PEGmonooleate) uses the Van der Waals interactions to create the bilayer formation with original
ligand on the surface of nanocrystals. The structural properties were characterized by
transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The luminescent properties were investigated by
photoluminescence and photoluminescence decay measurements.
The procedure of nanocrystals transfer to water was successful. Unlike for other methods,
ligand attraction allows to conserve optical properties of nanocrystals. Functionalized
upconversion nanoparticles were stable in water longer than QDs. However, the upconversion
nanoparticles showed instability once exposed to cells, which resulted in significant cytotoxicity.
It may be caused by the dissociation of the amphiphilic ligands of the formed bilayer.
Despite the successful transfer to water the as-prepared nanocrystals cannot be used at
this stage in bioapplications due to their cytotoxicity. Improved stability may be achieved by
cross-linking of amphiphilic ligands.
64
P4
Spectra of pyrene under the effects of surfactants
Magdalena Szaniawska1, Anna Taraba2, Katarzyna Szymczyk2
1 Faculty
of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Maria Curie-Skłodowska Sq. 3,
20-031 Lublin, Poland
2 Department of Interfacial Phenomena, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska
University, Maria Curie-Skłodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
Abstract
The fluorescence emission spectra of pyrene monomer in solution had a fine structure
with five apices [1]. The intensity of the five apices had a close correlation with the surrounding
polarity of pyrene monomers in solution and is very useful in the investigations of solutions of
different surface active agents.
Polysorbate-80 or Tween-80 (polyoxyethylene-20-sorbitan monooleate; T-80) is
a biocompatible nonionic surfactant that is widely used as a solubilizer in pharmaceutical
industry. T-80 is one of the widely used excipients in pharmaceutical industry for various
applications and is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use in injectable,
oral, and topical products. Furthermore, T-80 has the ability to increase the permeability of
various drugs across biological membranes [2,3]. In this study, the interactions between
molecules of Tween 80 was detected from a microscopic view by fluorescence with pyrene as
a probe. The results were compared to those obtained for nonionic surfactant, p-(1,1,3,3tetramethylbutyl) henoxypoly(ethyleneglycol), Triton X-114 (TX100) (C14H21 (CH2CH2O)x
OH, x = 8).
References
[1] J.R. Lakowicz, Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy, 3rd edition, Springer (2006).
[2] Strickley, R. G. Pharm. Res.21 (2004), p. 201–230.
[3] Rege, B. D.; Yu, L. X.; Hussain, A. S.; Polli, J. E. J. Pharm. Sci.90 (2001), p. 1776–1786.
65
P5
The synthesis of mesoporous silica SBA-15
Małgorzata Skibińska1
1 The
Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Crystallography, Maria Curie Skłodowska
University, Pl. Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej 2, 20-031, Lublin
Abstract
Mesoporous materials are materials having a pore size of 2-50 nm. These pores have
different shape and can be variously arranged. The main component of mesoporous materials is
silica. It has unique properties such as thermal stability, chemically inert and it is cheap and
widely available. Mesoporous materials are widely used. They are used in catalysis,
nanotechnology, adsorption processes.
The most popular representative of this group materials is SBA-15 (Santa Brabara
Amorphous). This is a mesoporous materials with a hexagonal pore structure. The pore size is in
the range 5-30 nm. The surface of this material is in the range 600-1000 m 2/g depending on
temeprature and duration of the individual steps of the synthesis.The structure and properties of
SBA-15 are dependent on synthesis condition. SBA-15 is prepared by sol-gel method by
applying the triblock copolymer, Pluronic 123. TEOS is a source of silica. This synthesis isn't
complicated. The successive steps of this synthesis are shown in Figure 1. Synthesis of
mesoporous silica consists of three steps. The first is to create a hexagonal structure by use
Pluronic 123 and TEOS. The second steps is a hydrothermal treatment, and the last involves the
removal of surfactants.
Fig. 1. The mechanism of SBA-15 formation.
References
[1] E. M. Johansson, “Controlling the Pore Size and Morphology of Mesoporous Silica”, Linköping
University, (2010).
[2] N. Rahmat, A. Zuhairi Abdullah, A. Rahman Mohamed, A Review: Mesoporous Santa Barbara
Amorphous-15, Types, Synthesis and Its Applications towards Biorefinery Production, Am. J. Applied
Sci., 7(12), 1579, (2010).
[3] E. E. Mejia, „Characterization of Some Natural and Synthetic Materials With Silicate Structures”,
Lulea University of Technology, (2013)
66
P6
Analysis of electrical phenomena in the resistive gas sensors with onedimensional structures of ZnO
Marta Fiedot1, Helena Teterycz1
1 Faculty
of Microsystem Electronics and Photonics, Wrocław University of Technology,
Janiszewskiego Str. 11/17, 50-372 Wrocław, Poland
Abstract
Zinc oxide is the oldest sensing material used in the chemical resistive gas sensors which
allow to detect many gases, such as nitrogen oxides, carbon oxide, sulfur compounds and other
[1]. Presented results concern the chlorine sensor with zinc oxide micro and nanorods as a gas
sensitive layer. These structures were obtained by hydrothermal method on the ceramic substrate
with thick-film gold electrodes.
The impedance spectroscopy measurements (IS) were carried out to determine the electric
parameters of the gas sensitive layer in the function of the temperature. Tests were performed
using an impedance analyzer Solartron 1260 in the frequency range from 10 Hz to 1 MHz and
sinusoidal voltage signal with amplitude of 500 mV. During the measurements sensor was tested
in an air atmosphere containing 28% RH humidity and temperature range from 150ºC to 750ºC.
Results of experiment showed that in the equivalent circuit model of gas sensor two
parallel series-connected electrical systems can be identified, first RC and second R-CPE
(Fig. 1).
R1
R2
C1
CPE2
Fig. 1. Equivalent circuit model of gas sensor with one-dimensional structures of ZnO.
The analysis of changes in the conductivity of the active layer as a function of temperature
Element
Error to determine
Error
showed that in the system two
time constantsFreedom
are observed. Value
One of them allow
the%
Fixed(X)
0
N/A
temperature dependence of R1
volume resistance
of one-dimensional
ZnON/A
structures. Second
C1
Fixed(X)
0
N/A
N/A
describes the temperature changes in the surface resistance depends on physical and chemical
0
N/A the values of
N/Athe
phenomena occurring on theR2surface of theFixed(X)
gas sensitive layer.
Furthermore
CPE2-T
Free(+)
1,222E-09
N/A
N/A
activation energy of electric charge transport was determined.
CPE2-P
Free(+)
0,85926
N/A
N/A
Acknowledgement
This work is co-financed by the European Union as part of the European Social Fund.
Data File:
Circuit Model File:
G:\Documents\Doktoranci\Marta F\impedanc
ja\dwa ponowni\czujnik200 bis w dol pow.
mdl
Mode:
Run Fitting / Selected Points (0 - 0)
Maximum Iterations:
1000
Optimization Iterations:
0
References
Type of Fitting:
Complex
[1] Q. Wan, Q.H. Li, Y.J. Chen, T.H. Wang, X.L. He, J.P. Li, C.L. Lin, Phys. Lett. 84 3654–3656 (2004).
Type of Weighting:
Calc-Special
67
P7
Time response analysis of resistive gas sensors during the detection of halitosis
markers
Witold Nawrot1, Patrycja Suchorska-Woźniak1, Helena Teterycz1
1 Faculty
of Microsystem Electronics and Photonics, Wrocław University of Technology,
Ul. Janiszewskiego 11/17, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
Abstract
Response and recovery times define sensors pace of changing states in variable conditions.
Therefore they specify how fast a single measurement can be performed and what should be the time
interval between measurements. Those parameters are among most important features of gas sensors
along with sensitivity and stability. Sufficient response time may vary from minutes to milliseconds
depending on application. In safety systems required detection time is under 10 seconds [1]. In general
chemical gas sensors tend to have short response times and significantly longer recovery times, in
minutes [2]. Some of them never recover to the initial state. Such chemical sensor is called poisoned. The
most common criteria of parametrizing those features is measuring time between achieving 10% and 90%
of response signal after exposure to measured gas [1].
Fig. 1: Investigated sensors based on tin dioxide: (a) without and (b) with sepiolite filter.
In this work the time responses for thick film chemical gas sensors based on tin dioxide and the
influence of sepiolite passive filter on their performance were investigated (Fig.1). Both of them were
tested against low concentration (< 5ppm) of hydrogen sulfide and dimethyl sulfide, as they are
symptoms of halitosis, an intrusive disease revealed by a bad breath. Prior to this test a sensor response
using temperature stimulated conductance was carried out in order to find the temperature which the
sensor reveals the best performance in.
Results of experiment have shown that both sensors allow to detect a low concentration of
markers however there is a significant difference in the sensors sensitivity to detected markers
(inorganic/organic gas). The time response of both sensors was very fast what is desirable for practical
use in medicine.
Acknowledgements
Scientific work was financed by Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education from funds for young
researchers and PhD students as project no. B40075 W-12 (statutory).
References
[1] H. Teterycz: “Thick-film chemical gas sensors on the basis of tin dioxide“, Wrocław, Oficyna
Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej (2005).
[2] X. Pan, X. Zhao, J. Chen, A. Bermak, Z. Fan, Sens. Actuators B: Chem. 764-771, 206 (2015).
68
P8
Ligand exchange approach with a PEG-based ligand as a sufficient method to
transfer PbS/CdS nanocrystals into the water
A. Żelazo1, M. Bański1, J. Cichos2, A. Podhorodecki1
1
Laboratory for Optical Spectroscopy of Nanostructures, Cathedral of Experimental Physics,
Wrocław University of Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
2
Chemistry Department, Wrocław University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
Abstract
Optically active semiconductor nanocrystals, or quantum dots (QDs) have attracted
increased attention recently because of their excellent optical properties such as reduced
photobleaching rates, high photoluminescence quantum yields and tunable spectroscopic
properties. These properties make them an attractive alternative to commercial organic markers.
High-quality QDs are most often synthesized in the presence of organic solvent and capped with
hydrophobic ligands. For this reason nanocrystals are not dispersible in water after process of
synthesis. This is one of the main restrictions characterizing these nanoparticles. In all
biomedical applications there are required hydrophilic nanoparticles. To suspend hydrophobic
nanocrystals in aqueous media, post-synthetic surface modification is required.
The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of the process of functionalization
and presence of surface ligand on the properties of hydrophilic quantum dots such as stability,
size and optical properties. To achieve the aim PEG-derivative ligands have been synthesized
and characterized. Subsequently these ligands have been used to modify the surface of Cd, Pb –
quantum dots based and their core/shell equivalents by ligand-exchange approach. Properties of
as-received hydrophilic nanocrystals were characterized in time by absorption and emission
experiments and Transmission Electron Microscopy. The correlation between the ligand
parameters and obtained experimental results will be discussed in details.
69
P9
Enhancing degradation of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T herbicides by metal oxides
clusters deposition on titanium dioxide powders
M. Pacia1, P. Pulisova2, S. Neubert2, D. Mitoraj2, M. Buchalska1, W. Macyk1, R. Beranek2
1
2
Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
Abstract
H
K
ile
ile
@
R
ut
x
@
R
ut
x
Fe
O
R
ut
ile
C
uO
U
V
10
0
no
th
H
ea
K
U
te
V
d
10
0
C
he
uO
at
ed
x@
H
K
Fe
U
V
O
10
x@
0
H
N
K
H
U
4V
V
O
10
3@
0
H
K
U
V
V
O
10
x@
0
H
K
U
V
10
0
TAOH concentrationM·dm
/
-3
Titania-photocatalyzed degradation reactions have been intensely studied as potentially one of the
cheapest and most efficient methods for decontamination of water and air from toxic organic compounds.
A goal of our studies is to check the applicability of such materials in the process of photocatalytic
degradation of two herbicides: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic
acid (2,4,5-T). Both tested herbicides have the ability to control the speed of plant growth, and both of
them were used to kill weeds in cereal crop plantations. 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T can be oxidized in the presence
of TiO2 upon sunlight irradiation.
Hydroxyl radicals play a key role in the process. 1,2 One of the first steps of degradation is leading to
formation of chlorophenols which are oxidized mainly with hydroxyl radicals.1
Here we compare photocatalytic
35
activity of TiO2 materials modified with
30
CuOx,
FeOx
and VOx
in
terms
25
of
hydroxyl
radical
production.
The experiments were carried out using
20
commercially available titanium dioxide
15
rutile
and
anatase
powders.
10
The materials were modified using
5
impregnation and drying technique.
0
In case of anatase samples preheating
in 400°C in order to achieve higher activity
was introduced.
This group of photocatalysts has been tested
in the process of terephthalic acid (TA)
Fig.1. TAOH production on various photocatalysts.
oxidation to form 2-hydroxyterephthalic acid
(TAOH) (Figure 1.). In the aforementioned
reaction TAOH is the only product of TA oxidation with OH● radicals.
Acknowledgements
This work was carried out within the “Activation of small molecules in photocatalytic systems” project
supported by the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced by European Union, Regional Development
Fund (project no. TEAM/2012-9/4). Also a support by the EU-FP7 within the project “4G-PHOTOCAT”
(grant no. 309636; photodegradation of herbicides), cofinanced by Polish Ministry of Science and Higher
Education (project no. W13/7.PR/ 2013) is highly acknowledged.
References
[1] M. Buchalska, M. Pacia, M. Kobielusz, M. Surówka, E. Świętek, E. Wlaźlak, K. Szaciłowski and
W. Macyk, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2014, 118, 24915-24924.
[2] S. Neubert, P. Pulisova, C. Wiktor, P. Weide, B. Mei, D. A. Guschin, R. A. Fischer, M. Muhler and R.
Beranek, Catalysis Today, 2014, 230, 97-103.
70
P10
Plasmonic effect in metallodielectric composites
Radosław Deska1, Katarzyna Matczyszyn1, Marek Samoć1
1
Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry,
Wrocław University of Technology, ul. Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27,
50-370 Wrocław (Poland)
Abstract
New manufacturing techniques allow the increase in availability of nanomaterials
applicable in photonics research. Metallodielectric self-organised eutectic composites developed
in directional solidification are promising for metamaterial and plasmonic applications. 3-D bulk
structure obtained with micro-pulling down method exhibits localized surface plasmon
resonance at visible waverange.
Silver has one of the highest electrical conductivities and relatively low losses compared to
other metals, which means great potential in plasmonics. Bismuth oxide, due to its low phonon
energy and high refractive index has great potential as matrix for photonic applications based on
linear and nonlinear optical effects.
In this work we perform study of optical properties over eutectic composite with nano- and
micro-precipitates of silver embedded in Bi2O3 matrix. After applying 800 nm femtosecond laser
light, the composite exhibits photoluminescence at around 570 nm (yellow-green), which we
confirm performing reflection spectrum measurement.
Fig.1 Luminescence map imaged
with one-photon detectors
Fig.2 Luminescence spectrum in
point indicated by red circle in Fig.1
References
[1] K. Sadecka, Adv. Optical Mater., 2015, 3, 381-389
71
P11
A Polyfluorene Aggregates Facilitates Sensing of Insulin Amyloid Fibrils by
Two-photon Absorption
A. Justyniarski1, P. Hańczyc2,3 D. Antenehe Gedefaw2, M. R. Andersson2,4, M. Samoć1, C. Muller2
1
Wrocław University of Technology, Advanced materials Engineering and Modelling Group,
Faculty of Chemistry, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland.
2
Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering,
Kemivagen 10, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden.
3
University of California, Santa Barbara, Center for Polymers & Organic Solids, 2520A
Physical Sciences Building North, Santa Barbara, United States.
4
University of South Australia, Ian Wark Research Institute, Mawson Lakes, South Australia
5095, Australia.
Abstract
Amyloid fibrils are self-assembled structures formed upon protein misfolding, which are
involved in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s. High demand for
recognition of those species creates challenge for science and medicine to investigate materials
able to indicate presence of amyloidic forms of proteins. Conjugated polymers, a well-known
class of organic compounds with versatile applications, are promising candidates for amyloid
sensing. Polyfluorene derivative is a material chosen for probing fibrillization in insulin protein.
The adduct formation is based on weak supramolecular interactions between amyloid fibrils and
different forms of PFO in dissolved and aggregated form exhibiting various optical properties
upon binding. Since the intermolecular interactions are found to be crucial for obtaining sizable
two-photon absorption in amyloid-polymer adducts, PFO aggregates are proposed as effective
probes for sensing amyloid fibrils. The findings in our studies suggest that amyloid fibrils might
be sensed by nonlinear absorption based imaging methods e.g. photoacousting imaging that
could be an alternative to fluorescent techniques.
References
[1] L. De Boni, R. D. Fonseca, K. R. A. Cardoso, I. Grova, L. Akcelrud, D. S. Correa, et al. J Pol Sci B:
Pol Phys. 52(11) (2014); p. 747-54.
[2] C. Zhu, L. Liu, Q. Yang, F. Lv, Wang. S. Chem Rev 128(8) (2012); p. 4687–735
[3] K. P. R. Nilsson, A. Herland, P. Hammarstrom, O. Inganas. Biochem 44(10) 2005; p. 3718-24
72
P12
Microwave stimulated Bradley's synthesis of colloidal ferrite spinel
Co1-xNixFe2O4 nanoparticles- structural features, cytotoxicity
and magnetic properties
Aleksander Zięcina1 R. Pązik1, E. Piasecka1,2, M. Małecka1, B. Poźniak3, J. Miller4, B.
Idzikowski5, N. Perunek5, Z. Śniadecki5, L. Mrówczyńska6, A. Ekner-Grzyb7 and R.J. Wiglusz1
1
Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, PAS, Okólna 2, 50-422 Wrocław, Poland
2
Polymer Engineering and Technology Division, Wrocław University of Technology,
50-370 Wrocław, Poland
3
Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty
of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences,
C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
4
Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty
of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences,
C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
5
Institute of Molecular Physics, PAS, M. Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland
6
Adam Mickiewicz University, Faculty of Biology, Department of Cell Biology,
Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
7
Adam Mickiewicz University, Faculty of Biology, Department of Behavioural Ecology, Umultowska 89,
61-614 Poznań, Poland
Theranostic usage of magnetic nanoparticles is a natural consequence of their properties, thanks
to them we are allowed not only to locate organism anomalies but also treat them using only one
substance. Such particles should have good colloid stability, diameter big enough to not penetrate healthy
tissues and small enough to not create holdups and to indicate superparamegnetic properties.
The microwave stimulated Bradley’s synthesis of Co 1-xNixFe2O4 resulted in nanoparticles with
diameter around 10 nm, characterized with TEM microscopy. DLS method was used
to measure hydrodynamic size of prepared colloids. Magnetic properties were measured with VSM
platform. Cytotoxicity was tested on murine macrophages J774.E, osteosarcoma D17 cells and human red
blood cells (RBC).
a)
b)
Fig. 1. a) TEM image of the Co0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4; b) SEM image of the effect of Co0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4
on RBC morphology at the concentration 0.1 mg/ml. Arrows show particle aggregates attached
to RBC.
References
R. Pazik, E. Piasecka, M. Małecka, V. G. Kessler, B. Idzikowski, Z. Sniadecki and R. J. Wiglusz, RSC
Adv., 3, 12230 (2013)
73
P13
On the reliability of Huang-Rhys factors: Theory meets experiment
Joanna Bednarska1
1
Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology,
Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, PL–50370, Wrocław, Poland
Simulations of one- and two-photon absorption spectra constitute a meaningful support in the course of
the interpretation of experimental results, thus providing a valuable insight into light-matter interactions
at the microscopic level. In many instances, notably for molecules with a small conformational freedom
immersed in the nonpolar solvents, absorption
bands corresponding to electronic transitions
may exhibit the vibrational fine structure. In
order to properly simulate such spectra it is
mandatory that the computational protocol takes
into account the effects of nuclear motions
explicitly.
Simulations of one- and two-photon absorption
spectra exhibiting vibrational progressions
involve few crucial parameters like, for instance,
the Huang-Rhys factors [1]. Huang-Rhys factors
(skj) are proportional to the square of
displacement (Δkj) between ground and kth
excited state potential energy curves for a given
Figure 1. Illustration of the displacement between the
jth normal mode (Figure 1).
ground and excited state potential energy curves.
Presumably, the choice of a method to determine
electronic/vibrational structure may be equally
important for the reliability of predicted Huang-Rhys factors as the physical model. For medium- and
large-sized molecules, Kohn-Sham formulation of density functional theory is supposed to be a
compromise between accuracy and computational effort. As it was shown, long-range corrected
exchange-correlation functionals predict satisfactorily electronic two-photon absorption spectra. On the
other hand, recent investigations reported on a failure of these functionals for other key molecular
properties changing upon excitation [2]. Unfortunately, there are no investigations regarding the
assessment of density functional theory in predicting Huang-Rhys factors. In an attempt to fill this gap we
discuss the results of calculations of reorganization energies and Huang-Rhys factors for 4(dimethylamino)-4'-nitrostilbene with the aid of wide range of exchange-correlation functionals. The
basis set effect is also studied in detail. For some key vibrational modes we compare experimental values
with simulated ones [3].
Acknowledgements
The work was supported by a subsidy from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Grant
No. 0237/DIA/2014/43).
References
[1] K. Huang, A. Rhys, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A: Mathematical, Physical and
Engineering Sciences, 204, 406 (1950).
[2] J. Bednarska, A. Roztoczyńska, W. Bartkowiak, R. Zaleśny, Chem. Phys. Lett., 584, 58 (2013).
[3] A. M. Moran, G. P. Bartholomew, G. C. Bazan, and A. M. Kelley, J. Phys. Chem. A, 106, 4928 (2002).
74
P14
Analysis of primary energy consumption for production and
distribution of DHW in multifamily buildings
Agnieszka Chmielewska1, Grzegorz Bartnicki1
1
Katedra Klimatyzacji, Ogrzewnictwa, Gazownictwa i Ochrony Powietrza; Faculty of
Environmental Engineering (W-7), Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże
Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
Space heating requirements and domestic hot water (DHW) preparation usually represents a
major portion of the total energy budget of modern households, public buildings or even small
commercial applications.
It is likely that the production and distribution of DHW in buildings will constitute a
dominant share of both the present, and in particular, the future energy design requirements of
buildings. The results of this analysis could
influence not only future buildings, but also
existing buildings when renovation of installations
take place. Unfortunately, knowledge about
domestic hot water consumption in newly-built
apartment buildings (at least in Poland) was
limited before this analysis was carried out. This
was partly because energy meters are seldom used
to measure the DHW consumption, and thus only
the total consumption of energy for space heating
in the building and is known.
For this investigation were selected altogether 6
Fig.1. Energy consumption for production of multi-family buildings. All the buildings were
DHW and heating in apartment building
built in 2007-2008. The study used the
measurements of gas consumption in the building,
the measurements consumption of energy for space heating and measurements the DHW
consumption in flats. Preliminary analyzes were presented at the fig.1. In 2012, 43% domestic
energy-consumption was used for space heating, 30% for domestic hot water . In 2013, 45%
domestic energy-consumption was used for space heating, 30% for domestic hot water. The results
show that problem of energy consumption for production and distribution of DHW in apartment
buildings
Furthermore, it is expected that energy researchers concerned about energy and
environmental efficiency would consider this study for promoting CO2 emission reduction in relation
with DHW production in large buildings.
References
[1] B. Ndoye , M. Sarr: “Analysis of domestic hot water energy consumption in large buildings under
standard conditions in Senegal, Building and Environment, Volume 43, Issue 7, July 2008
[2] M. Aydinalp-Koksal, V. Ismet Ugursal: “Comparison of neural network, conditional demand
analysis, and engineering approaches for modeling end-use energy consumption in the residential
sector”, Applied Energy, Volume 85, Issue 4, April 2008.
[3] R. Yao, K. Steemers: “A method of formulating energy load profile for domestic buildings in the UK”,
Energy and Buildings 37 (2005)
75
P15
Nanostructural characterization of biofunctionalized cardiovascular stent
surface by atomic force microscopy
Maciej Duda1, Agnieszka Ulatowska-Jarża1, Halina Podbielska1, Marta Kopaczyńska1
1
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27,
50-370 Wrocław, Poland
Abstract
Cardiovascular disorders are currently one of the main groups of civilization diseases that
are caused by blood vessel lumen narrowing, often due to atherosclerosis. Percutaneous coronary
intervention (PCI) is the direct solution to this complication and also it is one of the most
important procedures of modern interventional cardiology. PCI is performed using specialized
intravascular implants, called stents, which are delivered to target vessel by suitable catheter.
Placing a foreign biomaterial into the human organism causes a certain response induced by the
mechanism of vessel’s wall healing process. This process may result in two potentially lethal
post-surgical complications known as restenosis and thrombosis, both of which cause secondary
blood
vessel
lumen
narrowing. There are a
number of scientific research
trends addressing those two
issues. The majority involves
stent surface modifications,
such
as
coating
with
biodegradable polymer with
anti-proliferative
factors
incorporated into its structure.
The
others
focus
on
intravascular implants surface
like
Fig. 1: Height measurement results of scFv molecules biofunctionalization,
immobilized on sample surface: A) AFM images of 2D immobilization of antibodies
topography with scanning line and profile section of area specific towards endothelial
marked with blue markers, B) 3D projection of antibody progenitor cells (EPCs). Once
captured by specific receptor
fragments distribution on mica surface.
EPCs mature into endothelial
cells, responsible for vessels inner wall vascularization, hence the stents biocompatibility is
considerably increased. In this research we studied single-chain variable fragments (scFv) of
human antibodies that bind EPCs, immobilized on stents surface samples. We investigated the
influence of samples surface charge and the impact it has on nanostructural characteristics and
spatial distribution of studied biomolecules. The analysis was carried out by atomic force
microscopy (AFM) and Nanoscope software.
76
P16
Synthesis of zinc(II) and copper(II) complexes of nitro-/aminomeso-tetraphenylporphyrin derivatives – exhaustively substituted
in all β-positions of ’Eastern half’
Mariusz Rosa1
1
Institute of Chemistry, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach, ul. 3 Maja 54,
08-110 Siedlce, Poland
Abstract
Porphyrins are well known heterocyclic compounds which occur in biological materials
(e.g., chlorophyll, heme, cytochrome–c). Many synthetic porphyrins are also received much
attention. In the recent past, a growing interest in the synthesis of complex porphyrin derivatives
was observed because of their properties and potential applications. They are used, for example,
as sensitizers in antitumor photodynamic therapy, as photocatalysts, as components in
nanolithography and in chemistry of new materials.
Simple meso-tetraphenylporphyrin derivatives, synthesized by Lindsey’s method, [1] can be
easily transformed into corresponding complexes. Nitration of the latters followed by amination
according to vicarious nucleophilic substitution mechanism leads to β-nitro-/β-amino–substituted
porphyrinates in the same pyrrole ring. Yields of the reactions are good.[2,3]
CH3
CH3
NO2
H3C
N
1) 33-70% HNO3, CHCl3
N
M
N
N
CH3
2) [H2
H3C
N
N
M
3)3]I ,
N
N-N+(CH
N
KOH / DMSO
H3C
NH2
NO2 CH3
NH2
H3C
M = Zn(II) or Cu(II)
M = Zn(II) or Cu(II)
In this work, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3-methylphenyl)porphyrin zinc(II) and copper(II)
complexes were used in tandem nitration/amination reactions to prepare β,β-dinitro-/β,βdiamino–substituted derivatives (one example is shown in Scheme 1). These derivatives are good
intermediates for further transformations (alkylation, acylation, diazotization, cyclization, etc.). It
allows for introduction of a variety of functional groups into meso-tetraarylporphyrins.
Scheme 1.
References
[1] J.S. Lindsey, H.C. Hsu, I.C. Schreiman, Tetrahedron Lett., 27, 4969 (1986).
[2] S. Ostrowski, S. Grzyb, Tetrahedron Lett., 53, 6355 (2012).
[3] S. Ostrowski, S. Grzyb, A. Mikus, Helv. Chim. Acta., 70, 2000 (2007).
77
P17
Cytotoxicity of gold nanoparticles synthesized using mint extract
Magdalena Klekotko1, Izabella Jasyk1, Joanna Olesiak-Bańska1, Jakub Siednienko2,
Katarzyna Matczyszyn1, Krzysztof Pawlik2, Marek Samoć1
1
Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of
Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
2
Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences,
Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
Abstract
Plasmonic nanoparticles received considerable attention due to their size and shape dependent physicochemical properties, which are not observed in their bulk counterparts. The usage of these structures in
various applications, including electronics, optics and medicine, caused the intensified development of
the chemical and physical methods of their synthesis. These techniques provide the formation of metal
nanoparticles with well-defined chemical composition, size and morphology [1]. However it is often
related with the high production costs or applying of hazardous chemicals. Biological methods of the
synthesis employing microorganisms, fungi or plants, are an alternative way to produce nanoparticles in
low-cost, simple and eco-friendly manner [2].
This work presents the “green” approach for the
synthesis of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) using mint
(Mentha piperita) extract [3]. The formed nanoparticles
were characterized by UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy
and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The
bioreduction of chloroauric acid with the plant extract
leads to the production of highly polydisperse
nanoparticles. We have separated different sizes and
shapes of the GNPs from the obtained mixture using
centrifugation in sucrose density gradient. Finally, we
have examined the cytotoxic effect of the gold
nanoparticles by performing MTT assay (a colorimetric,
enzyme-based assay, widely used for assessing cell
viability in chemosensitivity testing [4]). This assay
Fig.1: TEM image of the synthesized GNPs. revealed promising results of low cytotoxicity of GNPs
synthesized using mint extract compared to chemically
synthesized gold nanorods. Consequently, we conclude that biosynthesis may be a useful method to
produce nanostructures potentially useful in biomedical, diagnostic and pharmaceutical applications.
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge financial support from the National Science Centre: Harmonia grant no. UMO2012/04/M/ST5/0034 and Opus grant no. UMO-2013/09/B/ST5/03417. The work was financed by a
statutory activity subsidy from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education for the Faculty of
Chemistry of Wrocław University of Technology.
References
[1] M. C. Daniel, D. Astruc, Chem Rev, 2004, 104, 293-346.
[2] V. Kumar, S.K. Yadav, J Chem Technol Biotechnol, 2009, 84, 151–157
[3] D. MubarakAli, N. Thajuddin, K. Jeganathan, M. Gunasekaran, Colloids and Surfaces B:
Biointerfaces, 2011, 85, 360-365
[4] J.K. Wilson, J.M. Sargent, A.W. Elgie, J.G. Hill, C.G. Taylor, Brit J Cancer, 1990, 62,
189-194.
78
P18
Antibody-coated gold nanoparticles for biosensing applications
Karolina Kinastowska1, Joanna Olesiak-Bańska1, Katarzyna Matczyszyn1, Krzysztof Pawlik2,
Marek Samoć1
1
Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group,Wrocław University of Technology,
Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
2
Polish Academy of Science, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy,
Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
Abstract
Due to their fascinating physical and chemical properties, plasmonic gold nanoparticles
(AuNPs) are widely applied in multiple fields of modern science. Functionalization of their
surface is of key importance in the case of applications in biological systems such as
biodetection, bioimaging or targeted drug delivery. [1]
In this study we performed the size-controlled synthesis of citrate-capped AuNPs
followed by their biofunctionalization. Attachment of antibodies (Ig) to the surface of AuNPs via
physical adsorption resulted in the characteristic plasmon band shift towards longer wavelengths.
(Fig. 1).
W also show how the amount of antibodies needed for the complete gold surface
coverage can be precisely determined through a simple test.
Finally, the obtained conjugates were characterized using both spectroscopic and
microscopic methods.
Fig. 1: Absorption spectra of AuNPs: citrate-coated and antibody-functionalized.
References
[1] C. Louis, O.Pluchery: "Gold Nanoparticles for Physics, Chemistry and Biology", London, Imperial
College Press (2012) , p. 273-332
79
P19
One- and two-photon-induced isomerization of styryl dyes
Beata Jędrzejewska1, Marta Gordel2, Janusz Szeremeta2, Marek Samoć2,
Andrzej Wrzyszczyński1
1
Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, University of Technology and Life Sciences,
Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland, [email protected]
2
Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław
University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
Abstract
Photoisomerization studies dealing with olefins and polyenes have been a subject of
intense research for a long time since they serve as examples of unimolecular reactions in
condensed phase [1].
Generally, styryl dyes substituted by electron-donating and/or electron-withdrawing groups
exist in two isomeric forms: E (trans) and Z (cis). The more stable E-form can be partially
converted to the Z-form by applying light. This leads to an equilibrium state between the
populations of trans and cis isomers. The Z-form can be reverted to the E isomer when the light
of the corresponding wavelength is used to promote this reaction.
In this respect, two compounds of styryl derivatives were designed and their photochromic
properties evaluated. Their structures are presented below:
N
PTP2
CH CH
CH CH
N CH3
N CH3
I
PTP5
N
CH CH
I
The kinetics of the photoisomerization process was investigated in parallel by measuring
H NMR and UV-Vis spectra. The interconversion was induced by absorption of either one- or
two-photons by a molecule.
Visible light irradiation (408 nm) of acetonitrile solutions of the investigated dyes led to a
decrease of the absorption at λmax (ca. 50-60 %). Simultaneously, the band with the maximum
absorption localized at ~310 nm increased, due to the E-Z photoisomerization process. Under
UV irradiation (310 nm) the molecule returned to the initial state after a few minutes. A similar
behaviour was observed when acetonitrile solutions of the studied dyes were irradiated by nearinfrared light (800 nm) from a femtosecond pulsed laser. The results indicate that the E-Z
isomerization also occurs by simultaneous absorption of two photons by a molecule.
The observed interconversion was found to be uniquely clean, fast and efficient.
1
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge financial support from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education
(MNiSW) (BS-9/2014) and from the National Science Centre (DEC-2013/10/A/ST4/00114).
References
[1] D. H. Waldeck, Conformational Analysis of Molecules in Excited States, edited by J. Waluk, New
York, Wiley VCH (2000), p. 113-176.
80
P20
Synthetic archaeal photosensitive lipids
for applications in medicine
Marta Ziemianek1, Konrad Jakubowski1, Ahmad Jiblaoui3, Olivier Mongin2, Katarzyna
Matczyszyn1, Frederic Paul2, Jelena Jeftić3, Marek Samoć1, Thierry Benvegnu3
1
Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Wrocław University of Technology,
2
Institute des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, CNRS, Universite de Rennes 1, France
3
Equipe Chimie Organique et Supramoleculaire, ENS de Chimie de Rennes, France
Abstract
Our objective is to develop a new generation of vesicles called “archaeosomes” with twophoton properties for their application in oncology.
The first step of this work was to synthesize two bipolar tetraether-type lipids which
mimic the natural membrane lipids found in Archaea. The first compound (figure 1, A) contains
one azido group and the second has two (figure1, B). In a second step, the coupling of these two
lipids with an original two-photon antenna by Click Chemistry reaction was realized. Finally, the
study of their two-photon properties will be performed using the Z-scan technique.
Fig. 1: Structure of the two tetraether lipids (A, B) and the final
compound (C) synthesized in this work.
References
[1] T. Benvegnu, G. Rethore, M. Brard, W. Richterb, D. Plusquellec, Archaeosomes based on novel
synthetic tetraether-type lipids for the development of oral delivery systems, Chem. Commun., 2005,
5536–5538.
[2] M. Brard, C. Laine, G. Rethore, I. Laurent, C. Neveu, L. Lemiegre, T. Benvegnu Synthesis of
Archaeal Bipolar Lipid Analogues: A Way to Versatile Drug/Gene Delivery Systems, J. Org. Chem. 2007,
72, 8267-8279.
81
P21
A new model of copper mold injection casting
Bardziński Piotr Józef 1, Filatova Alexandra2
1
Department of Mechanics Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Mechanics, Wrocław
University of Technology, 25 Mariana Smoluchowskiego Street, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
2
Department of Power Engineering, Faculty of Heat Physics, Bauman Moscow State
Technical University, ul. Baumanskaya 2-ya, 5/1, 105005, Moscow, Russia
Abstract
Bulk metallic glasses are the group of novel functional materials that gained lots of attention
due to their exceptional mechanical properties and corrosion resistance [1]. In order to obtain the
amorphous structure it is necessary to rapidly quench the molten alloy before the crystallization will
occur. From this point it becomes clear that knowing the cooling rate is essential in the determination
of the correct injection casting process parameters, although for this quantity is not always possible
to be determined directly from the experiment.
Consider a system of a vertical quartz crucible with a confusor ending placed over the thick
cylindrical copper mold with a centrally located canal across its height, closed at the end. At first, we
have to estimate the velocity of a liquid metal passing the orifice in the bottom of the crucible when
it reaches the Cu mold canal inlet. For this purpose, we use the Bernoulli equation for the two cross
sections in the quartz tube, i.e., for the upper boundary of the liquid metal in the crucible and for its
outlet. Losses in the flow of liquid metal in the confusor part of a crucible are also taken into
account, so the value of a friction coefficient ξ was determined. Second step is to investigate how
temperature of a liquid metal changes during filling of the canal. Here we compare the heat transfer
due to convection in the system with the enthalpy change at the beginning of the canal filling with
the point at which the canal was completely filled with a liquid metal. From this equation we can find
the temperature that liquid metal has at the end of the process of filling the canal, but we don’t know
the temperature of the inside wall of the copper mold. In order to find its value, the steady state
thermal conductivity equation was written. According to our calculations, the liquid metal didn’t
reach the liquidus temperature after the canal was completely filled. Now we have to consider the
temperature change of a liquid metal while it is cooled in the copper mold. The need in knowing this
led us to the third step in which we write two unsteady state thermal conductivity equations for the
still liquid metal and for the copper mold alone. When the temperature of a liquid metal reaches the
liquidus temperature, the crystallization process starts and we have to take into account the latent
heat. Solution of the abovementioned equations give us the time that is needed for the liquid metal to
change the temperature from the point when it filled the canal to the solidus temperature and the
cooling rate can thus be given as a ratio between temperature difference and the time.
The task was co-financed from the European Union funds under the European Social Fund
References
[1] C. Suryanarayana, A. Inoue, Intern. Mater. Rev. 58(3), 131-166 (2013).
82
P22
Upconverting nanoparticle assisted bioimaging
Skowicki M.1, Lipiński T.2
1
Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Experimental
Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
2
Wrocław Research Centre EIT+, Stabłowicka 147, 54-066, Wrocław, Poland
Abstract
The progress in biological science especially in bioimaging creates a growing demand for a
new effective, photostable fluorescent probes. The lanthanide-doped upconverting nanoparticles
proved to be a useful tool in bioimaging due to their unique fluorescent features. These
nanoparticles offer numerous advantages in comparison to molecular fluorophores or even
quantum dots. Through the process of upconversion, UCNPs convert long-wavelength excitation
radiation in the IR or NIR region to higher energy
emission radiation from UV to IR. Therefore high
signal-to-noise ratio and good tissue penetration can
be achieved when using UCNPs [1]. Excitation at IR
region minimizes the damage to biological material.
The UCNPs also offer a great photostability and
moderate toxicity to living organisms, thus UCNP are
considered to be a very promising NIR bioimaging
agents [2]. Still, functionalization of UCNP is a
challenging task, these materials have a strong
tendency for aggregation and precipitation, limiting
their use for a precise bioimaging i.e. labeling
receptors on the cell membrane. For this reason,
many efforts have been recently taken to develop
effective methods for biofunctionalisation and bioconjugation of UCNP.
Here we present some results on bioimaging of cellular receptors using functionalisation
techniques developed in our group (Fig. 1).
References
[1] M. V. DaCosta, S. Doughan, Anal Chim Acta. 832:1-33 (2014).
[2] J. C. Zhou, Z. L. Yang, W. Dong, R. J. Tang, L. D. Sun, C. H. Yan. Biomaterials 32(34): 9059-67
(2011)
83
P23
Synthesis of SnO2 nanoparticles for application in sensors
Olga Rac1, Patrycja Suchorska-Woźniak1, Marta Fiedot1, Helena Teterycz1
1
Faculty of Microsystem Electronics and Photonics, Wrocław University of Technology,
Janiszewskiego 11/17, 50-372 Wrocław, Poland
Abstract
The structure of gas sensitive material plays an important role in the mechanism of
interaction between material and detected gas. One of the widely used material in the resistive
gas sensors is tin dioxide [1]. This material can be used both as a gas sensitive layer or as a
surface/volume dopant. The use of nanoparticles as a gas-sensitive material/dopant increases the
selectivity and sensitivity and shortens the response time of a sensor. For this reason, an
important issue is to develop a simple and effective method for preparing SnO 2 nanoparticles,
where it will be easy to control the size of the obtained particles.
The synthesis of SnO2 nanoparticles for applications in sensors will be presented.
Furthermore, the impact of various parameters on the stability of the colloid synthesis as well as
on the size of the particles will be discussed [2].
Due to the fact that nanoparticles
tends to agglomerate in aqueous solution,
it is necessary to use stabilizing
compounds against further growth and
agglomeration. In this studies a polymeric
stabilising agent was used which formed a
polymer coating on the surface of
nanoparticles (Fig. 1). Besides the
polymeric stabilising agent the surfactant
was also used to reduce surface tension
and for forming micelles. Under optimal
conditions, the nanoparticles having an
average diameter of about 10 nm were reproducibly formed.
Acknowledgement
The project was funded by the National Science Centre based on Decision Number
DEC-2012/07/N/ST7/02304.
References
[1] I. Esfandyarpour, S. Mohajerzadeh, A.A. Khodadadi, M.D. Robertson, , IEEE Sens. J., 4, 449 (2004)
[2] O. Rac, P. Suchorska-Woźniak, M. Fiedot, H. Teterycz, Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 5, 2192 (2014).
84
P24
Solvent and Nonlinear Effects observed in Gold Nanorods and CdSe
Nanoparticles
Małgorzata Wielgus1, Marta Gordel2, Jan Zaręba2, Janusz Szeremeta2, Marek Samoć2, Wojciech
Bartkowiak1
1
Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of
Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
2
Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław
University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
Abstract
Influence of solvent on the UV/Vis absorption spectra of organic molecules has been
known for more than a century [1]. The term “solvatochromism” describes a modification of the
position, intensity and sometimes the shape of the UV/Vis absorption bands, induced by the
change in the polarity of the environment [1]. However, this definition has become broader
recently, as it contains now new types of the environment such as ionic liquids, new areas of
spectroscopy like fluorescence [2], two-photon absorption and two-photon fluorescence [3], and,
last but not least, a new range of materials including a variety of nanoparticles. Nowadays,
nanomaterials, because of their interesting properties and potential applications, attract much
attention from both fundamental scientists and engineers [6]. Although there have been some
pioneering work reporting the solvent effects on some types of nanomaterials [4-6], this highly
interesting topic is still not sufficiently explored.
In the present work we report on the solvent effects on optical properties of colloidal gold
nanorods (NRs) covered by thiol-terminated polyethylene glycol (PEG-SH) and
cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) dispersed in a selection of solvents. On the basis of
UV/Vis and two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) spectra as well as time-resolved pumpprobe transmission measurements we present the preliminary findings for some representative
solvents. As a second type of material we present the preliminary results for CdSe nanoparticles
functionalized by diazo compound and dissolved in chloroform and DMSO.
Acknowledgements
This work was funded by the National Science Centre under Grant No. DEC - 2013/09/N/ST4/00323.
References
[1] C. Reichardt, T. Welton: „Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry”, Weinheim, WileyVCH (2010).
[2] J. R. Lakowicz: „Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy”, New York, Springer (2011).
[3] M. Wielgus, W. Bartkowiak: „Handbook of Solvents”, Toronto, ChemTech Publishing, (2014).
[4] S. Underwood, P. Mulvaney, Langmuir 10, 3427 (1994).
[5] C.A. Leatherdale, M.G. Bawendi, Phys. Rev. B 63, 165315 (2001).
[6] T. Zhao, X.-F. Jiang, N. Gao, S. Li, N. Zhou, R. Ma, Q.-H. Xu, J. Phys. Chem. B 117, 15576 (2013).
85
P25
Studies of the effect of the rubbed glass surfaces on the DNA liquid crystalline
phases doped with gold nanorods
Paulina Sikora1, Katarzyna Brach1, Katarzyna Matczyszyn1, Joanna Olesiak-Bańska1, Marek
Samoć1
1
Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Wrocław University of Technology,
Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
Abstract
Anisotropic structure revealed by DNA helix, enables multiple lyotropic liquid crystal
(LC) phases forming dependent on chains length and concentration [1,2]. Gold nanorods (NRs)
display extraordinary electronic, optical, photothermal and magnetic properties. Nowadays, gold
NRs are used e.g. in optical coherence and photoacoustic tomography [3]. Rubbing surfaces, in
order to orient LC molecules, is widely known technological process employed in modern liquid
crystal display (LCD) industry, however it is still not well researched in the case of DNA
lyotropic phases [4].
The aim of this research was to examine the influence of the surface rubbing on the selfassembly of DNA chains in the presence of gold nanorods. Polarized light microscopy
observations were performed to examine phase transitions. The influence of non-rubbed and
rubbed surfaces on DNA liquid crystals alignment with two different sized gold nanorods with
various directions of rubbing was studied.
The preliminary results show that there is no change in the liquid crystalline phase
orientation between the samples placed on non-rubbed and rubbed surfaces. We observed also
the difference between the phase transition temperature values depending on the size of GNRs
and surface modification. Higher stability (higher phase transition temperature values) was
obtained for LCs prepared on the rubbed surface and doped with GNRs. The decrease of phase
transition temperature value was obtained for LCs doped with GNRs prepared on non-modified
surfaces.
References
[1] M. Nakata, G. Zanchetta, B.D. Chapman, Ch.D. Jones, J.O. Cross, R. Pindak, T. Bellini, N.A. Clark,
Science, (2007).
[2] F.Livolant, A. Leforestier, 21, Prog. Polym. Sci., 1115-1164 (1996).
[3] L.Tong, Q. Wei, A. Wei, J. Cheng, Photochemistry and Photobiology 85, 21–32 (2009).
[4] P. J. Collings, Liquid Crystals: Nature's Delicate Phase of Matter, Princeton: Princeton University
Press, (2002)
86
P26
Plant-mediated synthesis of triangular gold nanoprisms and characterization
of the obtained structures
Izabella Jasyk1, Magdalena Klekotko1, Joanna Olesiak-Bańska1, Katarzyna Matczyszyn1, Marek
Samoć1
1
Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Wrocław University of Technology,
Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
Abstract
Green synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles is a very good, easy and cheap alternative to
chemical and physical methods. Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) is an
environmentally friendly and economical technique of the very efficient production of gold
nanoprisms [1]. Due to their sharp vertices, triangular nanoparticles have specific optical and
electronic properties that can be applied in many fields such as optics, electronics, catalysis, and
biomedicine [2].
In our work, gold nanoprisms were synthesized using plant extracts of ginger (Zingiber
officinale) root, mint (Mentha piperita) leaves and aloe (Aloe vera) leaves [3], [4], [5]. To study the
kinetics of the formation of gold nanoprisms, we collected samples of the reaction mixture and
measured the absorbance using ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The next step was
modification of the experimental parameters of the synthesis (e.g. changing the amount of the
plant extracts). Shapes and sizes of the resulting gold nanoparticles were examined under
transmission electron microscope (TEM) and the amounts of gold nanoprisms were calculated
and compared to the amounts of other obtained structures.
Fig.1. Gold nanoparticles synthesized using plant extracts
References
[1] Rajasekharreddy P, Rani PU, Sreedhar B. J Nanopart Res, 12,1711–1721 (2010)
[2] Millstone J. E., Hurst S. J., Metraux G. S., Cutler J. I., and Mirkin C. A. Small, 5 (6), 646–664 (2009)
[3] Singh C, Sharma V, Naik PK, Khandelwal V, Singh H. Dig. J. Nanomater. Bios. 6, 535-542 (2011)
[4] MubarakAli D., Thajuddin N., Jeganathan K., Gunasekaran M., Colloids Surf., B. 85, 360–365 (2011)
[5] Chandran S. P., Chaudhary M., Pasricha R., Ahmad A., Sastry M., Biotechnol. Prog., 22, 577−583
(2006)
87
P27
Spectroscopic methods as a tool for knowledge
of interactions with DNA
Joanna Sobska1, Marco Deiana1, Ziemowit Pokładek2, Joanna Olesiak-Bańska1,
Katarzyna Matczyszyn1, Piotr Młynarz2, Marek Samoć1
1
Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Wroclaw University of Technology,
Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
2
Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology,
Wyb.Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
Abstract
Interactions of a synthetic N-methylpiperazine derivative (Fig. 1) and ethidium bromide
(Fig. 2) towards salmon testes DNA have been studying by fluorescence and absorption
spectroscopy. UV-vis data unambiguously establish the groove binding mode of Hoechst 33258
and the intercalative behaviour of ethidium bromide when bound to DNA. The quantum yield of
Hoechst 33258 increases significantly due to the higher planarity of the N-methylpiperazine
derivative when bound to the biopolymer. The increase of the fluorescence intensity of EB upon
DNA addition is attributed to the insertion of the planar groups of the drug among the base pairs.
The binding constants of both the dyes have been determined by fluorescence titration [1].
Figure 1. Structural formula of
the N-methylpiperazine derivative
(Hoechst33258).
Figure 2. Structural formula of the ethidium
bromide (EtBr).
References
[1]M. Sirajuddin, S. Ali, and A. Badshah, “Drug-DNA interactions and their study by UV-Visible,
fluorescence spectroscopies and cyclic voltametry.,” J. Photochem. Photobiol. B., vol. 124, pp. 1–19, Jul.
2013.
88
P28
Synthesis of plasmonic nanoprisms and their spectroscopic
characterization
Oktawia Pałczyńska1, Joanna Olesiak-Bańska1, Katarzyna Matczyszyn1, Marek Samoć1
1
Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Wrocław University of Technology,
Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
Abstract
During the last decade, significant progress has been achieved in controlling the sizes and shapes
of nanoparticles, and engineering their surfaces. The production of those various nanomaterials has been a
starting point for the development of innovative biosensors, optoelectronic devices and bioimaging [1].
Gold nanoprisms (NPs) are a special class of nanostructures that have generated intense interest due to
their unique optical properties and the recent development of new methods for preparing bulk quantities
of them[2].
In this work we synthesized gold nanoprisms in two ways. The first method relies on seedmediated approaches with cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) as a surfactant [3]. In this synthesis
the presence of iodide ions promotes the anisotropic growth of the CTAC-coated seeds and NPs
formation. The NPs used in our studies had two localized surface plasmon resonance bands (LSPR), the
first centered at 540 nm (mainly isotropic particles) and a second maximum (corresponding to the NTs)
around 760 nm. Manipulation of the NPs sizes is possible by the precise control of amount of the seed
solution transferred into the growth solution. The average edge length of the NPs is 90 ±10 nm. The NTs
prefer regular organization where they are contacted side-by-side (Fig.1).
Investigation by TEM reveals the
crystal structure of the Au NPs (Fig.
2). We also show that NPs can be
synthesized through a second
method: a rapid one-pot seedless
growth process [4]. The mixture of Au
nanoparticles obtained in this way
was composed of pseudospherical
morphologies, prism, hexagons and
pentagons.
For
obtaining
a
monodispersed
product,
a
purification step would be necessary.
References
[1] Ha T.H., Koo H. J., Chung B.H., J. Phys. Chem. C , 111, 1123, (2007)
[2] Xue, Can, Ph.D., Northwestern Unveresity, 205; 329065, (2007)
[3] Langille M.R., Michelle L. Personick, Zhang J., Mirkin C.A. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 134, 14542−14554, (2012)
[4] Chen L., Ji F., Xu Y., He L, Mi Y., Bao F., Sun B., Zhang X., Zhang Q, NanoLett., 14, 7201-7206, (2014)
89
P29
New, Highly Efficient Multi-Photon Absorbers: Experimental Studies of the
Nonlinear Optical Properties
Marta Gordel1,2, Janusz Szeremeta1, Marek Samoć1, Beata Jędrzejewska3
1
Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław
University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
2
Laboratory of Biology and Applied Pharmacology, CNRS. Ecole Normale Superieure de
Cachan 61 Avenue du President Wilson, 94235 Cachan, France
3
University of Technology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering
Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Abstract
We report on the investigation of nonlinear optical properties of three new organic dyes,
oxazol-5-(4H)-ones derivatives, designed to be efficient two-photon absorbers. Two compounds
(5L15 and 5L25) have C3-symmetric structures with electron-withdrawing groups (2-phenyloxazolones) introduced onto the triphenylamine or tris-1-(4,4'-biphenyl)amine core at the
peripheries, the third one has an asymmetric structure. The two-photon absorption cross-sections
(σ2) were determined by two available techniques:
1) two-photon excited fluorescence, where a suitable reference probe (Rhodamine B, at
960 nm) and exclusion of one-photon excited fluorescence from the collected signal is required;
2) open aperture transmission measurements in the Z-scan technique, which is a direct
method. The Z-scan data were taken over a broad wavelength range (600-1600 nm) (Fig. 1).
Since the results indicated the presence of several different mechanism of nonlinear absorption
the pump-probe technique was also used.
Figure 1. Effective nonlinear absorption cross section at different wavelengths in the
visible and infrared regions for 5L9 dye.
90
P30
Optically controlled capacitance switch based on spiropyrans blended with
PMMA
Leszek Mazur1, Konrad Jakubowski1, Katarzyna Matczyszyn1, Krzysztof Janus1,
Juliusz Sworakowski1, Petr Toman2, Numan Al Monasy3, Marek Samoć1
1
Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Wrocław University of Technology,
Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
2
Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the AS CR, Heyrovsky Sq. 2,
CZ-162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
3
Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical
Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ-532 10 Pardubice,
Czech Republic
Spiropyrans are widely known photochromic compounds. One of their features is a large
difference between dipole moments of stable (spiropyran) and metastable (merocyanine) form.
Using the mechanisms described in [1,2] it should be possible to control the current flow in an
organic field-effect transistor (OFET) by inducing photochromic reaction in spiropyran. The
approach is to blend the photochromic molecules with PMMA in the dielectric layer of OFET.
Photo-induced dipole moment change will result in modification of the gate dielectric
capacitance, and thus controlling the drain current.
In order to directly study the processes occurring in the PMMA layer we fabricated planar
capacitors by sandwiching PMMA with SP between aluminium and ITO electrodes. We built an
experimental setup, which allows us to
simultaneously monitor the capacitance, AC
and DC resistance and change of transmittance.
Our preliminary results indicate that the
capacitance change (Fig. 1) is proportional to
the change of molar ratio of the open form
(MR), which makes it easy to correlate with the
change of light intensity in the case of
spiropyrans.
Overall, this research provides the initial
results needed to understand more deeply the
mechanism of operation of photochromically
Fig. 1. Capacitance change induced by UV
switched organic field-effect transistors.
light.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by Polish National Science Centre grants DEC-2013/09/N/ST5/02464
and DEC-2012/07/B/ST5/00759.
References
[1] P. Lutsyk, K. Janus, J. Sworakowski, G. Generali, R. Capelli and M. Muccini, J. Phys. Chem. C, 115,
3106 (2011)
[2] P. Lutsyk, K. Janus, J. Sworakowski, A. Kochalska and S. Nešpůrek, Chem. Phys., 404, 22 (2012)
91
P31
Counterion influence on second harmonic spectra of coordination polymers
Jan K. Zaręba1, Michał J. Białek2, Jan Janczak3, Marcin Nyk1, Jerzy Zoń4 and Marek Samoć1
1
Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże
Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
2
Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie Street, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
3
Institute of Low Temperatures and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 2 Okólna St.,
P.O.Box 1410, 50-950 Wrocław, Poland
4
Department of Thermodynamics, Machine and Thermal Device Theory, Faculty of Mechanical and
Power Engineering, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370
Wrocław, Poland
Abstract
Investigation of nonlinear optical properties of new materials is of increasing importance due
to interest in devices taking advantage of the nonlinear phenomena such as frequency converters,
parametric oscillators, and optical information storage. While inorganic compounds such as KDP
or BBO are the predominantly applied second harmonic crystals, many other groups of materials
are intensely studied, for example Langmuir-Blodgett films, poled polymers, plasmonic
nanostructures or coordination polymers.
It should be stressed that great majority of
SHG studies is conducted at only a single or a
few excitation wavelengths, most often using
Nd:YAG (1064 nm), or Ti:Sapphire (800 nm)
lasers. SHG efficiencies determined at only a few
discrete wavelenghts give a rather scarce
description of material properties.
We have used a tunable femtosecond laser to
demonstrate first measurements of the second
harmonic
response
of
polycrystalline
coordination polymers in a wide-wavelength
range (excitation 750 – 1600 nm). As model
Fig.1: Second harmonic spectra of coordination compounds for spectrally-resolved second
harmonic generation we synthesized three
polymers 1-Cl, 1-Br, 1-I.
isostructural coordination polymers (1-Cl, 1-Br,
1-I) of phosphonate diester based on tetrakis[4-(diethoxyphosphoryl)phenyl]methane (1) and
cobalt(II) halides (chloride, bromide, iodide). Strong influence of halide ions on spectra of
second harmonic response has been found, including position of maxima, as well as their relative
intensity (Fig. 1)
This contribution will also present preliminary explanation for the obtained spectral
dependencies based on analysis of solid state absorption spectra.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by Polish National Science Centre grant “Maestro” DEC2013/10/A/ST4/00114.
92
P32
Influence of peripheral substituents on optical properties of
heterocyclic azo dyes
T. Kozłowski1, Š
Ł. Skowroński2, V. Smokal3, A. Kysil3, A. Biitseva3, O. Krupka3, B.
Derkowska-Zielińska1
1
Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus
University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland
2
Institute of Mathematics and Physics, University of Technology and Life Sciences,
S. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
3
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv - 60 Volodymyrska - 01033 Kyiv Ukraine
Abstract
Azobenzene is an aromatic molecule, which consists of two phenyl rings separated by an
azo(N=N) bond. They characterize of highly effcient and fully reversible photoisomerization.
Azobenzenes have two stable isomeric states: a thermally stable trans confguration and a metastable cis form. The isomerization reaction produces large structural changes in the azobenzene
conformation and signifcantly affects its spectroscopic and physical properties, which is the key
to the unique optical and photomechanical effects in azobenzene-containing material systems.
Azo-containing materials have been extensively studied by many research groups due to their
promising features for photonic applications such as optical data storage, surface-relief
holography, optical limiting and optical switching [1,2].
We present the optical properties of heterocyclic azo dyes, which were embedded into
poly(methylmethacrylate) PMMA matrix. These azo dyes were investigated by means of
spectroscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry combined with transmittance measurements and atomic
force microscopy. Ellipsometric azimuths were measured for three angles of incidence in the
MIR-VIS-UV spectral range by two instruments: the V-VASE (J.A.Woollam Co., Inc.) and a
FTIR device Sendira (Sentech GmbH).
We noticed that the optical constants such as absorption coeffcient, refractive index, real and
imaginary parts of dielectric constants as well as energy band gap of studied materials strongly
depend on substitution patterns.
References
[1] R. Czaplicki, O. Krupka, Z. Essaidi, El-Ghayoury, J.G. Grote, F. Kajzar, B. Sahraoui, Opt.Express 15,
15268 (2007).
[2] O. Krupka, B. Derkowska, R. Czaplicki, I. Rau, A. El-Ghayoury, B. Sahraoui, J. G. Grote, F. Kajzar,
SPIE 6470, 64700E (2007).
93
P33
Cholesteric liquid crystalline DNA doped with gold nanoclusters
Katarzyna Brach1, Magdalena Waszkielewicz1, Joanna Olesiak-Bańska1, Katarzyna Matczyszyn1,
Marek Samoć1
1
Advanced Materials Engineering and Modeling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław
University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to examine the impact of gold nanoclusters (GNCs) doping
on the formation and stability of DNA liquid crystalline cholesteric phases . In order to prepare liquid
crystals (LCs), DNA from sonicated salmon testes was dissolved in two differently concentrated
captopril-stabilized gold nanoclusters solutions (CGNC = 1 mg/ml or 5 mg/ml) and placed between
two glasses.
Polarized light microscopy was applied to
observe DNA mesophases, as well as cholesteric to
isotropic phase transitions. We have not seen any
significant differences in the typical fingerprint
textures of cholesteric phases (Fig. 1), but the thermal
stability of the phases was notably changed. Our
analysis revealed that, depending on the concentration
of the GNCs present in the phase, nanoparticle-doped
cholesteric phases existed in narrower temperature
ranges compared to pure DNA liquid crystals.
Additionally, a distinct texture of the liquid crystalline
phase, in coexistence with a fingerprint texture, was
observed in a liquid crystalline cell containing highest
amounts of gold nanoclusters, which was not observed
in other LC samples. Detailed results of this study will be presented and discussed.
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge financial support from the National Science Centre Harmonia grant
DEC-2012/04/M/ST5/0034 and Opus grant DEC-2013/09/B/ST5/03417.
94
P34
Influence of the ester group inversion on the liquid-crystalline
properties of selected azobenzene derivatives
Joanna Jaworska1, Stanisław Bartkiewicz1, Zbigniew Galewski2
1Advanced
Materials Engineering and Modelling Group,
Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, 27 Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego St,
50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
2 Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
Abstract
Azobenzene derivatives are well
known group of materials. Due to their
N=N double bound they are
susceptible to the light exposure [1].
Therefore, the irradiation of suitable
wavelength causes the split of the
chemical bond between nitrogen
atoms. The above described process
leads to the geometrical reconstruction
of the molecule. The return to the basic
form is possible by use of the light of
different
wavelength
[2].
The
explained mechanism of molecular
reorientation caused by multiple trans(nonyloxy)phenyl]diazenyl]benzoates.
cis-trans transition is commonly
described in the literature as a photoisomerization [3-4]. Because of this phenomenon and due to
liquid-crystalline properties the azobenzene derivatives can be applied in many branches of modern
technologies [5-6].
In this paper two new group of azobenzene ester derivatives were examined: alkyl 4-[4(nonyloxy)phenyl]diazenyl] benzoates and 4-[4-(nonyloxy)phenyl]diazenyl] phenyl alkanoates. All
presented homologues are mesogenic. Moreover, some of them exhibit complex polymorphism
likewise tetramorphism. By the use of the thermooptical analysis (TOA), polarizing optical
microscopy (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements the liquid-crystalline
phase sequence was investigated. Furthermore, the photoisomerization rate constants for selected
samples were calculated. The obtained data give an insight on the interaction of the light with these
compounds. Moreover, it allows to define the influence of the ester group inversion on mesomorphic
and optical properties
References
[1] A. Natansohn, P. Rochon, Chem. Rev. 102, 4139-4176 (2002)
[2] Z. Sekkat, D. Morichere, Dumont M., R. Loucif-Saibi, J.A. Delaire, J. Appl. Phys. 71, 1543−1545
(1992)
[3] E.W.G. Diau, J. Phys. Chem. A 108, 950−956 (2004)
[4] N. Tamai, H. Miyasaka, Chem. Rev. 100, 1875−1890 (2000)
[5] X.L. Jiang, L. Li, J. Kumar, D.Y. Kim, S.K. Tripathy, Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 2502−2504 (1998)
[6] M. Itoh, K. Harada, S. Kamemaru, T. Yatagai, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43, 4968−4971 (2004)
95
96
VI. Maps
97
98
Map of campus
99
Inspiracja restaurant location
(place of conference dinner)
100
VII. Index of
presenting authors
101
Piotr
Bardziński
82
Artur
Bednarkiewicz
36
Joanna
Bednarska
74
Maciej
Bieniek
47
Andrzej
Blachecki
32
Katarzyna
Brach
86, 94
Maciej
Chrzanowski
41
Marco
Deiana
51, 88
Radosław
Deska
71
Klaudia
Dradrach
53
Maciej
Duda
76
Thomas
Englisch
44
Marta
Fiedot
67, 84
Alexandra
Filatova
82
Marta
Gordel
80, 85, 90
Teodor
Gotszalk
49
Elisa
Hemmig
26
Konrad
Jakubowski
81,91
Izabella
Jasyk
87
Joanna
Jaworska
95
Beata
Jędrzejewska
80, 90
Adrian
Justyniarski
72
Bartosz
Kalota
28
Michał
Kawa
33, 45
Karolina
Kinastowska
79
Magdalena
Klekotko
78, 87
Marcin
Kobielusz
27, 29
Daria
Kociołek
64
Radosław
Kołkowski
39
Izabela
Kondratowicz
50
Tomasz
Kozłowski
93
Isabelle
Ledoux-Rak
Tomasz
Lipiński
Robert
Luxenhofer
Leszek
Mazur
91
Adam
Mielnik-Pyszczorski
52
83
102
Witold
Nawrot
68
Joanna
Noga
54
Michał
Pacia
29, 70
Oktawia
Pałczyńska
89
Kacper
Parafiniuk
38
Luana
Persano
35
Maciej
Pieczarka
42
Kacper
Pilarczyk
33
Barbara
Pucelik
62
Olga
Rac
84
Wojciech
Radosz
31
Anna
Regiel-Futyra
30
Mariusz
Rosa
77
Paulina
Sikora
86
Małgorzata
Skibińska
66
Michał
Skowicki
83
Joanna
Sobska
88
Marcin
Surówka
27
Magdalena
Szaniawska
65
Adam
Szukalski
43
Anna
Taraba
61, 65
Mateusz
Trochowski
37
Wioletta
Trzpil
46
Magdalena
Waszkielewicz
55, 94
Małgorzata
Wielgus
85
Ewelina
Wlaźlak
25
Andrzej
Wrzyszczyński
80
Jan
Zaręba
85, 92
Marta
Ziemianek
81
Aleksander
Zięcina
73
Anna
Żelazo
69
103