Chapter 14a – Qal Perfect: Weak עָמַד בָּחַר שָׁמַע קָטַל ק

‫‪Chapter 14a – Qal Perfect: Weak‬‬
‫‪ Verbs‬ע‪/‬ח‪I-Guttural, II-Guttural and III-‬‬
‫‪Strong‬‬
‫ע‪ /‬ח‪III-‬‬
‫קָטַל‬
‫ק‪,‬טְלָה‬
‫קָטַ‪.‬לְתָּ‬
‫קָטַלְתְּ‬
‫קָטַ‪.‬לְתִּי‬
‫ק‪,‬טְלוּ‬
‫ְקטַלְתֶּם‬
‫ְקטַלְתֶּן‬
‫קָטַ‪.‬לְנוּ‬
‫בָּחַר‬
‫שָׁמַע‬
‫שׁ‪,‬מְעָה בּ<חֲָרה‬
‫שָׁמַ‪.‬עְתָּ בָּח‪ְַ.‬רתָּ‬
‫שָׁמַ‪.‬עַתְּ בָּחְַרתְּ‬
‫שָׁמַ‪.‬עְתִּי בָּחַ‪ְ.‬רתִּי‬
‫שׁ‪,‬מְעוּ בּ<חֲרוּ‬
‫שׁמַעְתֶּם בְּחְַרתֶּם‬
‫ְ‬
‫שׁמַעְתֶּן בְּחְַרתֶּן‬
‫ְ‬
‫שָׁמַ‪.‬עְנוּ בָּח‪ְַ.‬רנוּ‬
‫‪I-Guttural II-Guttural‬‬
‫עָמַד‬
‫ע<מְָדה‬
‫עָמַ‪ְ.‬דתָּ‬
‫עָמְַדתְּ‬
‫עָמַ‪ְ.‬דתִּי‬
‫ע<מְדוּ‬
‫עֲמְַדתֶּם‬
‫עֲמְַדתֶּן‬
‫עָמַ‪ְ.‬דנוּ‬
‫‪3ms‬‬
‫‪3fs‬‬
‫‪2ms‬‬
‫‪2fs‬‬
‫‪1cs‬‬
‫‪3cp‬‬
‫‪2mp‬‬
‫‪2fp‬‬
‫‪1cp‬‬
‫‪Basics of Biblical Hebrew‬‬
‫‪© Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt‬‬
‫א‬
Chapter 14b – Qal Perfect: Weak
Hateph Pathach in I-Guttural and II-Guttural Verbs
In certain forms of the I-Guttural and II-Guttural
paradigms, the Vocal Shewas have changed to the
reduced a-type vowel (Hateph Pathach)
due to the presence of the guttural
consonant. Gutturals can’t
take Vocal Shewa.
I-Guttural
2mp
2fp
‫א‬
‫עֲמְַדתֶּם‬
‫עֲמְַדתֶּן‬
Basics of Biblical Hebrew
© Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt
II-Guttural
3fs
3cp
‫בּ<חֲָרה‬
‫בּ<חֲרוּ‬
Chapter 14c – Qal Perfect: Weak
III-‫ א‬Verbs
3ms
3fs
2ms
2fs
1cs
3cp
2mp
2fp
1cp
‫א‬
III-‫א‬
Strong
‫מָצָא‬
‫צְאָה‬,‫מ‬
ָ‫את‬.ָ‫מָצ‬
‫מָצָאת‬
‫אתִי‬.ָ‫מָצ‬
‫צְאוּ‬,‫מ‬
‫מְצָאתֶם‬
‫מְצָאתֶן‬
‫אנוּ‬.ָ‫מָצ‬
‫קָטַל‬
‫טְלָה‬,‫ק‬
ָ‫לְתּ‬.ַ‫קָט‬
ְ‫קָטַלְתּ‬
‫לְתִּי‬.ַ‫קָט‬
‫טְלוּ‬,‫ק‬
‫ְקטַלְתֶּם‬
‫ְקטַלְתֶּן‬
‫לְנוּ‬.ַ‫קָט‬
Basics of Biblical Hebrew
© Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt
Chapter 14d – Qal Perfect: Weak
The Spelling of III-‫ א‬Verbs
With III-‫ א‬verbs, the ‫ א‬is silent in every form. III-‫ א‬and
III-‫ ה‬weak verbs exhibit the following pattern in
the 3ms (also the lexical form).
Qal Perfect 3ms
III-‫א‬/III-‫ה‬
‫מָצָא‬/‫בָּנ ָה‬
1. The stem vowel has changed from Pathach to Qamets in all
but two forms (3fs/3cp).
2. Because of the quiescent ‫ א‬, the expected Shewa under the
third root consonant of many of the inflected forms is no
longer necessary (as in ָ‫את‬.ָ‫)מָצ‬.
3. The Daghesh Lene, normally present in the initial
consonant of the five sufformatives beginning with a ‫ת‬, is
absent. For example, the 1cs sufformative ‫ תִּי‬has become ‫תִי‬.
This loss of the Daghesh Lene is occasioned by the
quiescing of the ‫ א‬in pronunciation. When this happens, the
‫ ת‬is preceded by a vowel sound and, therefore, loses the
Daghesh Lene.
‫א‬
Basics of Biblical Hebrew
© Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt
Chapter 14e – Qal Perfect: Weak
III-‫ ה‬Verbs
3ms
3fs
2ms
2fs
1cs
3cp
2mp
2fp
1cp
‫א‬
Basics of Biblical Hebrew
© Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt
III-‫ה‬
Strong
‫בָּנ ָה‬
‫בּ<נְתָה‬
ָ‫ית‬.ִ ‫בָּנ‬
‫בָּנ ִית‬
‫יתִי‬.ִ ‫בָּנ‬
‫בָּנוּ‬
‫בְּנ ִיתֶם‬
‫בְּנ ִיתֶן‬
‫ינוּ‬.ִ ‫בָּנ‬
‫קָטַל‬
‫טְלָה‬,‫ק‬
ָ‫לְתּ‬.ַ‫קָט‬
ְ‫קָטַלְתּ‬
‫לְתִּי‬.ַ‫קָט‬
‫טְלוּ‬,‫ק‬
‫ְקטַלְתֶּם‬
‫ְקטַלְתֶּן‬
‫לְנוּ‬.ַ‫קָט‬
Chapter 14f – Qal Perfect: Weak
The Spelling of III-‫ ה‬Verbs
The vowel pattern learned for III-‫ א‬weak verbs in the 3ms
is the same for III-‫ ה‬verbs. The irregularities in the
paradigm of this weak verb are occasioned by
the loss of the final ‫ ה‬in every form.
Qal Perfect 3ms
III-‫א‬/III-‫ה‬
‫מָצָא‬/‫בָּנ ָה‬
1. The ‫ ה‬in the 3ms form (‫ )בָּנָה‬is not the third root consonant
but a vowel letter used for the final vowel of this form.
2. Note the ‫ ת‬in the 3fs form (‫נְתָה‬, ‫)בּ‬. This ‫ ת‬will distinguish
the 3fs form from the 3ms form.
3. In all second and first person forms, both singular and
plural, the stem vowel is Hireq Yod (for example, ָ‫)בָּנִ>ית‬. It is
helpful to understand that III-‫ ה‬verbs were originally III- ‫י‬
and the stem vowel of a form like ָ‫ בָּנִ>ית‬is reminiscent of the
original consonant in third root position. In the Qal
conjugation, therefore, the diagnostic Hireq Yod stem
vowel will help you to identify the III-‫ ה‬class of verbs.
4. Lastly, as in the III-‫ א‬paradigm, the Daghesh Lene in the
sufformatives beginning with ‫ ת‬is absent.
‫א‬
Basics of Biblical Hebrew
© Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt
Chapter 14g – Qal Perfect: Weak
Doubly Weak Verbs
III-‫ה‬/
II-Gutt
3ms
3fs
2ms
2fs
1cs
3cp
2mp
2fp
1cp
‫א‬
‫ָראָה‬
‫ָראֲתָה‬
ָ‫ִית‬.‫ָרא‬
‫ָראִית‬
‫ִיתִי‬.‫ָרא‬
‫ָראוּ‬
‫ְראִיתֶם‬
‫ְראִיתֶן‬
‫ִינוּ‬.‫ָרא‬
Basics of Biblical Hebrew
© Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt
III-‫ה‬/
I-Gutt
Strong
Verb
‫עָלָה‬
‫קָטַל‬
‫לְתָה‬,‫טְלָה ע‬,‫ק‬
ָ‫ית‬.ִ‫לְתָּ עָל‬.ַ‫קָט‬
‫קָטַלְתְּ עָלִית‬
‫יתִי‬.ִ‫לְתִּי עָל‬.ַ‫קָט‬
‫טְלוּ עָלוּ‬,‫ק‬
‫ְקטַלְתֶּם עֲלִיתֶם‬
‫ְקטַ ְלתֶּן עֲלִיתֶן‬
‫ינוּ‬.ִ‫טַלְנוּ עָל‬. ָ‫ק‬
‫‪Chapter 14h – Qal Perfect: Weak‬‬
‫‪Geminate Verbs‬‬
‫‪Geminate‬‬
‫‪Weak 1‬‬
‫‪Geminate‬‬
‫‪Strong‬‬
‫‪Strong‬‬
‫‪Verb‬‬
‫‪Geminate‬‬
‫‪Weak 2‬‬
‫קָטַל‬
‫ק‪,‬טְלָה‬
‫קָטַ‪.‬לְתָּ‬
‫קָטַלְתְּ‬
‫קָטַ‪.‬לְתִּי‬
‫ק‪,‬טְלוּ‬
‫ְקטַלְתֶּם‬
‫ְקטַלְתֶּן‬
‫קָטַ‪.‬לְנוּ‬
‫אַָרר סָבַב‬
‫תַּם‬
‫א‪ְ,‬רָרה ס‪,‬בְבָה‬
‫תּ‪ּ ַ.‬מָה‬
‫תַּ ּמ‪.‬וֹתָ אָר‪.‬וֹתָ סַבּ‪.‬וֹתָ‬
‫תַּמּוֹת אָרוֹת סַבּוֹת‬
‫תַּ ּמ‪.‬וֹתִי אָר‪.‬וֹתִי סַבּ‪.‬וֹתִי‬
‫א‪ְ,‬ררוּ ס‪,‬בְבוּ‬
‫תּ‪ַ.‬מּוּ‬
‫תַּמּוֹתֶם אָרוֹתֶם סַבּוֹתֶם‬
‫תַּמּוֹתֶן אָרוֹתֶן סַבּוֹתֶן‬
‫תַּ ּמ‪.‬וֹנוּ אָר‪.‬וֹנוּ סַבּ‪.‬וֹנוּ‬
‫‪3ms‬‬
‫‪3fs‬‬
‫‪2ms‬‬
‫‪2fs‬‬
‫‪1cs‬‬
‫‪3cp‬‬
‫‪2mp‬‬
‫‪2fp‬‬
‫‪1cp‬‬
‫‪Basics of Biblical Hebrew‬‬
‫‪© Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt‬‬
‫א‬
Chapter 14i – Qal Perfect: Weak
The Spelling of Geminate Verbs
ָ‫וֹת‬.ּ‫סַב‬
Loss of
Daghesh Lene in
Sufformative
Holem Waw
Connecting
Vowel
Assimilated
Geminate
Consonant
1. The verb ‫ אַָרר‬differs from ‫ סָבַב‬in one way. In the
second and first person forms, singular and plural, the
Geminate consonant of ‫ אַָרר‬rejects the Daghesh Forte
and the Pathach under the ‫ א‬becomes Qamets due to
compensatory lengthening (ָ‫וֹת‬.‫)אָר‬.
2. With ‫ תָּמַם‬the Geminate consonant has assimilated in
all forms and remains as a Daghesh Forte (except in the
3ms).
‫א‬
Basics of Biblical Hebrew
© Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt
‫‪Chapter 14j – Qal Perfect: Weak‬‬
‫‪Biconsonantal Verbs‬‬
‫‪Strong‬‬
‫‪Verb‬‬
‫קָטַל‬
‫ק‪,‬טְלָה‬
‫קָטַ‪.‬לְתָּ‬
‫קָטַלְתְּ‬
‫קָטַ‪.‬לְתִּי‬
‫ק‪,‬טְלוּ‬
‫ְקטַלְתֶּם‬
‫ְקטַלְתֶּן‬
‫קָטַ‪.‬לְנוּ‬
‫‪Weak‬‬
‫בּוֹא‬
‫בָּא‬
‫ָבּ‪.‬אָה‬
‫בּ‪ָ.‬אתָ‬
‫בָּאת‬
‫בָּ‪.‬אתִי‬
‫בָּ‪.‬אוּ‬
‫בָּאתֶם‬
‫בָּאתֶן‬
‫בָּ‪.‬אנוּ‬
‫‪Strong‬‬
‫‪Strong‬‬
‫שִׂים קוּם‬
‫קָם‬
‫שָׂם‬
‫ָק‪.‬מָה‬
‫שָׂ‪.‬מָה‬
‫שַׂ‪.‬מְתָּ ק‪ַ.‬מְתָּ‬
‫שַׂמְתְּ קַמְתְּ‬
‫שׂ‪.‬מְתִּי ַק‪.‬מְתִּי‬
‫ַ‬
‫ק‪ָ.‬מוּ‬
‫שָׂ‪.‬מוּ‬
‫שַׂמְתֶּם קַמְתֶּם‬
‫שַׂמְתֶּן קַמְתֶּן‬
‫שׂמְנוּ ק‪ַ.‬מְנוּ‬
‫ַ‪.‬‬
‫‪3ms‬‬
‫‪3fs‬‬
‫‪2ms‬‬
‫‪2fs‬‬
‫‪1cs‬‬
‫‪3cp‬‬
‫‪2mp‬‬
‫‪2fp‬‬
‫‪1cp‬‬
‫‪Basics of Biblical Hebrew‬‬
‫‪© Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt‬‬
‫א‬
Chapter 14k – Qal Perfect: Weak
The Lexical Form of Biconsonantal Verbs
Biconsonantal verbs are composed of two consonants.
These verbs are also called “Hollow” or II- ‫י‬/‫ ו‬verbs.
‫קָם‬
‫שָׂם‬
‫בָּא‬
to rise
to set, put
to enter
The lexical or dictionary form of a Biconsonantal verb is
not the Qal Perfect 3ms form. These verbs are listed in the
lexicon under their Infinitive Construct forms and, as
such, appear with their vowel letters (either
Shureq, Hireq Yod or Holem Waw).
‫א‬
Qal Perfect
3ms
Lexical Form
(Infinitive Construct)
‫קָם‬
‫שָׂם‬
‫בָּא‬
‫קוּם‬
‫שִׂים‬
‫בּוֹא‬
Basics of Biblical Hebrew
© Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt
Chapter 14l – Qal Perfect: Weak
Distinguishing Between III-‫ה‬, Geminate
and Biconsonantal Verbs
With III-‫ה‬, Geminate and Biconsonantal verbs, only two
root consonants are present in most Qal Perfect forms. In
order to correctly identify the weak verb class, you will
need to recognize certain diagnostic indicators. Study the
Qal Perfect 2ms forms of these three weak verb classes.
III-‫ה‬
Geminate
Biconsonantal
ָ‫בָּנ >ִית‬
ָ‫וֹת‬.ּ‫סַב‬
ָ‫ַמְתּ‬.‫ק‬
1. III-‫( ה‬originally III-‫ )י‬verbs have a Hireq Yod stem vowel in
most forms.
2. Geminate verbs have a Holem Waw connecting vowel and
a Daghesh Forte in the geminate consonant.
3. Biconsonantal verbs have neither the Hireq Yod stem vowel
of the III-‫ ה‬class, nor the Holem Waw connecting vowel or
the Daghesh Forte of the Geminate class.
‫א‬
Basics of Biblical Hebrew
© Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt
‫‪Chapter 14m – Qal Perfect: Weak‬‬
‫הָיָה ‪ and‬נָתַן ‪The Verbs‬‬
‫‪Strong‬‬
‫‪Verb‬‬
‫הָיָה‬
‫נָתַן‬
‫‪to be‬‬
‫‪to give‬‬
‫הָיָה‬
‫קָטַל‬
‫ק‪,‬טְלָה ה<יְתָה‬
‫קָטַ‪.‬לְתָּ הָי>ִיתָ‬
‫קָטַלְתְּ הָי ִית‬
‫קָטַ‪.‬לְתִּי הָי>ִיתִי‬
‫ק‪,‬טְלוּ הָיוּ‬
‫ְקטַלְתֶּם הֱי ִיתֶם‬
‫ְקטַ ְלתֶּן הֱי ִיתֶן‬
‫קָ ‪.‬טַלְנוּ הָי>ִינוּ‬
‫נָתַן‬
‫נ<תְנָה‬
‫נָתַ‪ָּ .‬ת‬
‫נָתַ‪ְּ .‬ת‬
‫נָתַ‪ּ .‬תִי‬
‫נ<תְנוּ‬
‫נְתַ ּתֶם‬
‫נְתַ ּתֶן‬
‫נָת‪ַ.‬נ ּוּ‬
‫‪3ms‬‬
‫‪3fs‬‬
‫‪2ms‬‬
‫‪2fs‬‬
‫‪1cs‬‬
‫‪3cp‬‬
‫‪2mp‬‬
‫‪2fp‬‬
‫‪1cp‬‬
‫‪Basics of Biblical Hebrew‬‬
‫‪© Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt‬‬
‫א‬
Chapter 14n – Qal Perfect: Weak
The Verbs ‫ יֵָרא‬and ‫מוּת‬
‫יֵָרא‬
to be afraid
3ms
3fs
2ms
2fs
1cs
3cp
2mp
2fp
1cp
‫א‬
‫יֵָרא‬
‫י<ְראָה‬
ָ‫את‬.‫יֵָר‬
‫את‬.‫יֵָר‬
‫אתִי‬.‫יֵָר‬
‫י<ְראוּ‬
‫יְֵראתֶם‬
‫יְֵראתֶן‬
‫אנוּ‬.‫יֵָר‬
Basics of Biblical Hebrew
© Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt
‫מוּת‬
to die
Strong
Verb
‫מֵת‬
‫קָטַל‬
‫תָה‬.ֵ‫טְלָה מ‬,‫ק‬
‫תָּה‬.ַ‫לְתָּ מ‬.ַ‫קָט‬
ְ‫קָטַלְתְּ מַתּ‬
‫תִּי‬.ַ‫לְתִּי מ‬.ַ‫קָט‬
‫תוּ‬.ֵ‫מ‬
‫טְלוּ‬,‫ק‬
‫ְקטַלְתֶּם מַתֶּם‬
‫ְקטַ ְלתֶּן מַתֶּן‬
‫תְנוּ‬.ַ‫טַלְנוּ מ‬. ָ‫ק‬