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Aeropcuxe npaeo @ Mixnapo4ua opraniaaqin npaqi, 2010 p.
Vnepue HaApyKoBaHo y 2010 p.
Ha euganHn MixHapoguoro 6ropc npaqi nouuproorbcn BfiAaBHilqe npaBo eri4Ho s flporoxonou 2 3aranunoi roHeeHqii
np0 aBTopcbKi npaea. 04nax xoporxi eurRrr 3 Hilx MoxyTb nepeApyKoByBar[cn 6es cneqianuHoro Ao3Bony 3a yMoBt4
3a3HaqeHHfl flxepeaa. 3aepneHun qoAo nepeApyxy a6o nepeKnaAy norpi6no HaAcHnaru go BiMiny ny6nixaqira MEI-l
(au4aaHuri npaBa ra gosaonu),3a aApecoo: lnternational Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, a6o
eneKTpoHHoro nouroto: [email protected]. Mixnapogue 6ropo npaqi airae rari saepxeuun.
Po6uru xoniigauoi ny6nixaqii Moxyrb 6i6niorexu, iHcruryru ra inui xopucryeavi ai4noaiguo Ao yMoB augaHoiiu gnn
quoro niqeHsii. !4n roro Lqo6 sHar4ril y ceoir,t xpaiHi opraniaaqin s nuraHb orpuMaHHfl npaBa Ha xonioaannR
ny6nixaqi r,t, ai4ai4alrre car,tr www. if rro.org.
Kupets, 0lga
Kounnexcunt,t reH4epnrta niAxig na punxy npaqi Vxpainu ra ponb 4epxaeHoi cnyx6n safrHnrocri / Onura Kynequ;
Mixnapogue 6opo npaqi, lpyna rexuivHoi nigrpr,ruxu 3 nfiTaHb rigHoi npaqi ra Sropo MOll ann xpaiH l-]enrpanuHoi ra
CxigHoi eeponu. - Kuia: MEI-1, 2010.
1v.
: 978922 824427 4 ( pri nt) 978922 824 4281 (we b pdf )
lL0 DWT and Country 0ffice for Central and Eastern Europe
gender mainstreaming / gender equality / women workers / men workers
equal employment opportunity / employment service / Ukraine
03.02.2
I
SBN
;
/
raxox iHtloMosHi eepcii qiei ny6nixarlii: anrnir,tcuxoro: Gender Mainstreaming at the Labour Market of Ukraine
and Role of the Public Employment Service / 0lga Kupets; lnternational Labour Office, lL0 Decent Work Technical
Support Team and Country 0ffice for Central and Eastern Europe. - Kyiv: lL0, 2010. ISBN 9789221244271 (print),
HaneHi
97 89221
244288 (web pdf )
,[aHi Karanory ny6nixaUir,r MEI-l
npaKrnli 00H, a nogaui go Hux uarepianu
ai4o6paxennn 6ygs-nxoi roeKr4 3opy MixHapo4Horo 6ropo npaqi Ha neranuHur,l craryc xpaiHn, periony
HaltueHyeaHHn, nxi arxopucroBylorbcfl e ny6nixaqinx MEI1, ai4noeigaorb
He o3Haqalorb
ru repnropii a6o ix ena4u, a raKox Aerr,rapxaqii ixnix xopgoHie.
3a nornn4u, nxi eigo6paxeni e ony6niKoBaHr4x aBTopcbKr4x craTTRX, 4ocnigxeHHnx
ra s iHU[x uarepianax,
aignoei4aoru BuKntotHo ixui aaropn, a ny6nixarlin He o3Haeae noroAxeHHr 3 tlt4Mt4 noms4aMu s 6oxy MixHapoAHoro
6npo npaqi.
ii
llocunaHHR ta HailuenyaaHHn Siprvr ru xoruepqir,tuux npogyxria a6o npoqecie He o3Haqae
cxsaneHHs a 6ory
MixHapogHoro 6opo npaqi ra ei4cyrnicru 3raAyBaHHr neaHoi Qiprvrr,t, xouepqir,tuoro npoAyKTy eil np0qecy ne ceigrurs
npo ix HecxeaneHHR.
l-ly6nixaqii MEll uoxna orpuMaril eepe3 ocHoBHi rvrepexi xruroroprieni a6o vricqeei 6ropo MEI-l e 6araruox xpaiHax
a6o Hanpnuy s BiAAiny ny6nixaqir,r Mtll, sa aApecoo: lnternational Labour Office, CH-12'11 Geneva 22, Switzerland.
Karanoru a6o cnncxn HoBr4x HaffBHr4x ny6nixaqifi MoxHa 6esxouroeHo orpt4Maru 3a Bilue BKa3aHolo a4pecon, a6o
eneKTpoHHolo nouroro: [email protected]. Be6-caltr 4nn aigai4yaaqia: www.ilo.org/publns.
flusar,rH
ra MaKeryBaHun spo6neno e Vxpaiui
Hagpyxoeano e Vxpaiui
Ipoexr cnie-QiHaHcyerbcr ra BIKoHyerbcfl
I poexr cnia-SiHaHcyerbcfl
0aponer,tcrxnu
MixHapoguuN 6topo npaqi
Corogorvr
llpoexr eC-MEn uPianicru xixox i qonosixia y ceiri npaqi,
B paMKax cninuHoro Ipoexry 0C-MBn e VrpaiHi
nPieHicru xiHor i qorosixie y ceiri npaqi".
lly6niraqiro pospo6neno ra HaIpyKoBaHo
3a AoAarxoaorc iH0opMaqierc seeprafirecs Ao Hac, 6yAb [ac[a, 3a a[pecorc:
gender @ ilo-dp.kiev.ua
Crucrrur onilc npoeKTy: ilpoexr OC-MEn a Vxpaiui uPisHict xiHox i .{onoaixie y ceiri npaqi"
lonoaHoo Meroo npoeKTy e cnpilrHHe sruiqueHuo noreHqiany [epxaBHux oprauia anaflil i coqianutux
naprHepia y cnpr,lnnHi ren4epHir,t pieHocri ra po3rxilpeHHo Moxn14aocrer4 xinox y ceiri npaqi unflxoM
pospo6xu, BnpoBaAXeHHR ra uoHiropilHry reHAepHo-ryrnilaoi noniruxur Ta nporpaM sattunrocri vepes
nilailUeHHn o6isuauocri, nouilpeHHfl iuSopNaqii ra HalaHHr ni4rprNxu [ne pospo6neHHn i
BnpoBapxeHHfl AoKyMeHTia ra iHcrpyrueHria e ypaxyBaHHrM uicqeeux oco6ruaocret,t, cnpulttuR BBeAeHHo
npaKTilriHr4x gruiu
ra ninorHux nporpaM.
ny6nixarlii, eignoaigaoru npaxruqi 00H ra 0C, a noflaHi Ao Hrlx
uarepianu He 03Haqaoru aipo6paxeHHr 6ygu-nxoi TotrKt4 30py MixHapogHoro 6opo npaqi vu
0eponer,tcuxoro Coroay Ha neraflbH14r,t craryc rpaiHr,r, periouy ru repuropii a6o ix enagu, a raKox [euapraqii
HararueHyeaHHR,
sxi Br4Kopr4croByrorbcfl
B Uir,t
ixuix ropgoHia.
3a nornngr, rxi eigo6paxeui e ony6nixoBaHilx aBTopcbKr4x crarrrx, [ocnilxeHHnx ra s iHrxr4x uarepiarax,
aiflnoaifla]orb BilKnoHHo ixni aaropu, a ny6nixaqin He 03Harae noro4xeHHfl 3 r-lt,tM14 nornrlaMil s 6oxy
MixHapo4Horo 6ropo npaqi vu 0eponeucuxoro Cooay.
llocunauHR Ha naraueHyeauHn
Siplr ru xouepqir,tHilx
npo4yKTie a6o npoqecie He ogHa,rae
ix
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6oxy MixHapo4Horo 6ropo npaqi ra 0aponer,tcsroro Corogy, a eigcyruicru era4yeaHHR neeHoi
xomepqir,rnoro npolyKTy q!4 npollecy He csi[quru npo ix HecxaaaeHHr.
Uro ny6nixaLliro nagpyxoaaHo 3a
Qiptvttlt,
nigrprurr 0aponeucuxoro Cotosy
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1
PO6OtIE PE3AME
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Xixrn ra qonoaixr xa yxpalxcuroMy
2.1. TeupeHqii
priHr(y npaqi: ananie
aignoaigroi crarrcrr{Kn ......................
sar4Hsrocri
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2.4.llui acneKTr reHgeproi xepiaHocri
AIIPI-I
2.3. ferflepHr,rr,t pospr,ta e onnari npaui
pe3ynbrarx
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4.2.
4.3.
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onlryBaHlf,
14
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3. Kounnexcrur lengeprun niAxifl y AC3 Yxpaixn: ircruryqifini uexarisutt ra nonirl,{xi
4. Cnpunxxn len4epxilr pianocri y ginnrnocri
I
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26
4epxarnrx qenrpie eaIrRrocri:
34
Pesynurarr onilryBaHHR: cneqianicru [C3......
34
Pesynuraru onuryBaHHr: 3apeecrpoaaui uyrari po6oru
Pesynuraril onilryBaxxn: po6orogaeqi .............
Pesynurar[ onilTyBaxxn: ni4cyNroai sayeaxexHfl ................
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6. flprxnagn nepegoaoi
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[et,t seir o pe3ynbraroM npoeKTy uKounnercHuu leu4epHuta niUil Ha p[HKy npaqi YxpaiH[ Ta poflb [epxaaHoi cnyx6u 3ar,tuRrocri,, iHiqiraoeauoro lpynoo rexHi.rHoi nigrpuNxm 3 nilTaHb rigHoi npaqi ra Sopo
M0l-l Ans xpaiH [eurparuxoi ra Cxignoi Oaponu y Sy4aneuri (MEn) y paMKax uupoKoMacura6uoro npoexry uPiauicru xittox i ,ronoaixie y cairi npaqi,, Korpr,ril MEll anponalxye B VrpaiHi npu cninuuorvry $iuaucyeauri s 6oxy Oaponeficuxoro Corosy ra MEI-I. lonoeHa Mera npoeKTy - pospo6uru nraH ,qir,l Mq AepxaBHoi cnyx6tt gal4Hsrocri VxpaiHu gnn poe6ygoau ti cnporraoxuocri ulogo SoprrnyBaHHr ra BnpoBaAXeHHfl reHflepHo-yyulreoi nonirilxil, nporpaM i nocnyr Ha p[HKy npaqi. lnua 3a4aqa npoeKTy ga6egne.][rr, qo6
[C3 .{epes 3acrocyBaHHfl no3ul4BHr4x gir,t cnpunna AocflrHeHHrc pieuux pesynurarie u-logo ealrxsrocri ,ionoeiria ra xiHor ra cKopoHeHHlo BeprilKaauHoi ra rop[3oHTanbnoi lexgepxoi cerperaqii Ha puxxy npaqi.
Uer,t ssir e AocnigxeHHflM 3ararbHoro xapaKTepy Mfl poapo6neuHn HaBHaflbHr4x uarepiania io xorvr-
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naeKcHoro reHlepHoro nipxogy a [C3, rorpi 6ygyru nisHiule ni4roroaneHi vrixnapognr4Mfl eKcneprauu. V
eeiri npoauarieoeaHi Hat,tsaxnileiui gaui, uarepianu ra 3axo[r4 flepxaaHoi nonirurr Ha pilHKy npaqi Yxpaixu
e reu4epuoi ToriKr4 3opy r,r sanponoHoBaHo H143Ky saxolia gnr nigauqeurr e$exrraxocri xoNnneKcHoro
reH,qepHoro nigxogy e [C3 Vxpaiuu. Baxnueoo yacrilHo]o seiry e eNnipnrHe 4ocnigxexxr Ha ocxoei
coqionoriruoro onilTyBaHHn cneqianicria [C3, 3apeecrpoBaHux uyxaria po6oru ra po6orogaeqia is n[TaHb
reHgepxoi piarocri Ta pe3yflbraria ginruuocri [C3. 0nuryBaHHfl npoBoflrnocfl y 6epesxi-xeirHi 2010 p.
[o yxpaincuxoi rpynu, ulo npaqoBafla HaI qilM npoeKToM, Bxogr4flr4: Ceprifi Caavyx, Haqiouaruuult xoopguHarop npoeKry 0C-MEn e Vxpaiui uPieHicru xiHox i qonoaixie y cairi npaqi,; lanuxa MeqepRxoaa,
acilcreHT B14qe3ragaHoro npoeKTy; 0nura Kynequ (Saxynurer exoHorvri,rHr4x HayK HaqioxanuHoro yHieepcurrery uKueeo-MorrnRHcsxa axageuin,,), aBTop qsoro seiry i aHxer,3acrocoBaH[x onilTyBaHHi; Harans
XapveHro (Kmiacuxur,t uixHapo4Hr,rr,t iHcruryr coqionorii), rrnicqeerr,r KoHcynbraHT, eilnoeilanuHilr,t sa
coqionorirHy eacrilHy npoeKTy (ro6ro 3a onilryBaHxr uyxarie po6oru ra po6orogaeUia). KepiaHilKaMil rpynw 6ynn BepeHa Ulruilr i Haranis flonoea s lpynu rexHiqxoi nigrpuuxr,r 3 nilraHb ripHoi npaqira Sopo M0ll
gnn xpaiu l-leHrpanuHoi ra CxigHoi 0aponu y Syganeuri. ASira SoxaHic, Rxa arirxy 2010 p. npoxolr4fla craxyBaHHfl y lpyni rexniqnoi nigrpruxu 3 nilraHb rigHoi npaqi ra Sopo M0ll 4nn xpaiu leHrpanuuoi ra
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CxigHoi 0epon u, fl 106's3 Ho ai4pegaryeana aH rn i r,tcuxr r,t eapiaxr reKcry.
lpyna xorira 6 nognxyaaru Bonoguruupoai lanrquKoMy, AupeKropy
Vrpaiuur, Haranii 3iHxee]a.r,
nepuoMy 3acrynH14Ky flutpeKTopa, Haranii UleeqeHxo ra lHHi SoHliHi, 3acrynHuKaM HaqarbHilKa Vnpaeniuun
opraHisaqii HalaHHfl coqianuHux nocnyr, ra iHuru cneqianicraN fiepxaaHoro UeHTpy eat,tHnrocri ga ixx]o
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nigrpuutxy, xoHcynsraqii r,t gonouory nig rac BNKoHaHHfl qboro npoeKry. l-pyna raKox a4Rvxa aciur
cneUiaricrau au6paHmx 6asoailx qeHrpia sar4Hsrocri, sxi egsnil yyacrb B onuryBaHHi, oco6nilao
cneqianicrau rpsox perioHarbHr4x !3 (Konouur,tcuxoro pailouuoro, [oHequxoro uicuxoro ra Conou'sHcuxoro pa[oHHoro y M. Kueei), Rxi raxox Ha4anil gaui, ueo6xi4ui pn $oprrryaaHnn ar6ipru ra onuryBaHHfl
po6orogaeqia i 6eopo6irurx. Aaropxa seiry
rarox
Her,ruoaipHo BEffqHa flogrvruni 3onoroeita, nepuoMy 3aqeHTpy
crynHilKy AxpeKTopa Kuiecuxoro o6nacHoro
3ar,tuRrocri, Ta A[peKTopaM ABox 6asoeilx qeurpie ear,t-
HRrocri y cur. Craauu.li ra y u. Sira l-lepxea (Kuiecuxa o6nact) Bixropoei Saugypi ra Borolrrrryrpoei 506puxy, aignoeigHo, eaixnir,t rennur,r npur,tou i excrypcii niA.{ac aigaipaxxn qilx qeHrpie 23 xairHs 2010 p. Hapeuri, aBTopKa a egnvxicro 3ra4ye npoSecir,lry xoucynsraqio loflurt,tnu MyuLt,txcuxoi, 3acrynHilKa E[peKropa Kriecuxoro uicuxoro qeHTpy gar,rHsrocri, ra lHuu MrKonr, cneqiaricra eiggiry npoQecir,rHoi opieHraqii.
VnunHi 2010 p. y Kreei 6yno nposegexo ceuiuap Aflff npegcraBfleHHf ocHoBHl4x peeynuraria npoeKry
seiry xnoroet,tu uaqiouaflbH14M saqixaaneHuM cropoHaM io6rosopeuufl 3 H14M14 roroBHr4x aucuoaxia, epo6neH[x y HboMy. 0crarolHilra eapiaur eairy 6ye ni4roroaneHur,t e ypaxyeaHHeM KoMeHrapie, orpuuraHux aig
Bilule3a3HaeeHilx yyacHuKia ni4 rac i nicns npoBegeHHfl ceNiHapy.
lergepHa piexicru - olHe 3 ocHoBHr4x npae i xpurmqHo BaxflilBr4ra (rarrop y s6nrxeHHi VxpaiHu a rno6anuHuruu ni4epauu ga exoHolvri.{Hl4M po3Br4TKoM, HayKoro, oceiroo ra Kynbryporo. VprA Vxpaiuu noginne
AyMKy npo
re, ulo
reHAepHa pieHicru
e ogxieto 3 nepelyMoe
ii crarrlro po3Br4TKy rK leMoKparueHoro
cycnirscraa.
Exonorvti.iHa i coqianuHa paga 00H B[3Hayufla KoMnfleKcHr4r,t teHgepHura niflxig nx npollec oqixneaxHR
xacni4xie 6ygu-nxrx 3anflaHoBaHux 3axogie, y roMy ,1ilcni saxoHoAaBcrBa, nonirrru a6o nporpau, gln
xixox i .ronoeixie y acix raryanx i Ha ecix piaHnx. t4[erucn npo crparerircr, srigHo 3 eKoro npo6neuu, lLlo nocraorb nepe4 xiHxarrltil fr qonoeixaur, i uaxonrqeHnra H[Mu [ocsig Ma]olb craril oAHr4M is Heaig'euHux xanpnuie ginnuHocri a npoqeci pospo6neHHfl, BnpoBa[xeHHe, KoHTporro u oqiurceaurs noliruru ra nporpaM
e ycix c$epax nonirilqxoro, exonovri,l.{oro ra cycninuuoro xr4TTr, u1o6 xriHru r,t .ronoeixr4 pienon rvriporo xopr4cryBaflt,tcr nflogaMil TaKilx 3yc[au, qo6 He 3aauuaflocn uicqn 4nr HepieHocri. Kounnexcxur,r reugepHur,t
niAxiA ernorae cneqianuHi leu4epui 3axo,qil Ta KoMneHcaqir,tHi Rii (ix rarox Ha3ilBanrb no3rruBHt4Mil 3axolaun), ulo BXilBaorbcr KoxHoro pa3y, KonI xinxu a6o .{onoeixil 3Ha}o.qrrbcn s oco6n]4ao Heauri4Horvry
craHoeuqi. Kiuqeaa Mera KoMnfleKcHoro reHgepHoro nigxogy noaflrae e ga6egneyeHHi reHgepHoi piaHocri.
B ocrauri xinuxa poxie gocnrHyro sHarHt,tr,t nporpec y poepo6neHui ra suiqueuui uaqiouanbHilx MexaHisruie reHgepHoi piauocri e VxpaiHi erilHo 3 KoHcn4Tyr-lir,trt,tNr ra npaBoB14Mil 3060e's3aHHrMil AepxaBu
xa xaqioranbHoMy ra uixrapo4norvry pieHnx. Hapasi
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nporpec y feH4epH[x rpauc$opuaqiRx, Heseaxa]oqil Ha QiHaHcoeo-er:oxoxorvrivHy Kpr43y ra o6uexeHHR
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a VxpaiHi MeHUe, Hix y cepe4HboMy B e C, i rLlo 6eepo6irrn cepeg yxpaiHcuxux xinox Hr4xle, Hix cepep vonoeixia, yxpaiHcsxult pnHox npaqi xapaKTepil3yerbcfl flBHoro uepieuicrrc Mix lonoeiraMil Ta xiHxaur,r. ,!oKa3aMil icrorHux osHax Uiei HepiaHocri e sHa,rH1414 lexgeprrr,r po3pr4B y pieHnx sar4Hqrocri y giropogHi14 (2429 poxn) ra nepelneHcir,tHir,t (crapue 50 poxia) sixoerx rpynax; Bilpa3Ha cerperaqir puuxy npaqi (nx ropur3oHTaflbHa, rax i aepruxaruHa); aenilxh14 reHgepnur,t po3pr4B y sapo6irHiu nnari; uepieHur,r posnogin ssil.rar4uoi onnaryeauoi ra gouauHuoi HeonnaqyaaHoi po6orr; BeflilKa qacrKa x.iuox Ha po6orux uicrlsx cylvruieHoi
nxocri; feHgepHi po3pr4Br4 a oxonreHHi 6espo6iruux uarepiansuoro flonr]MoTorc no 6espo6irrrc ra 3axo]qaNil axrileHoi noniruxu Ha puHKy npaqi vepee MeHUy cxunuuicru .ionoeirie [o peecrpallii y AC3.
f r ronoeHe [epxaBHe aigoN4crao, ei[noeiganuHe sa e$errrBHe y3rogxeHHr npono3ilqii ra nonrry Ha
puxxy npaqi, [C3 noemHHa sar,tuaru aKTilBHy nosIqiro y cnprnHHi piaHolry Eocrynoei Ao sxicHoi sar,rHsrocri
Ms xiHox i ,ronoaixia ra y BunpaBrreuui ictryoroi uepieuocri y cSepi npaqi ra npoSecir,tHoro au6opy. ,QocflrHeHHr reHpepHoi pieHocri crano oAHr4M ia npiopureria [C3 o 2001 p., iy 6asoeux qeHTpax sar4Hsrocri,
Ha AoAaroK go rpapuqir,tHux [nfl !C3 saxopie axrilsFroi nonirrru Ha puHKy npaqi, 6ye pospo6neHmr,t ra
BnpoBaAxeHufi pap HoBr4x MexaHisruie, qxi cnpilr]orb Br4KoHaHHo nporpaMil ren4epuoi piauocri KyroeKt4
reH4epxoi iHSopNaqii, leugepui xny6u ra uicqn ffn rrMqacoBoro HarniiAy oa Airuur.
Cor.lionori,iHe onilryBaHHr cneqianicrie,[C3, po6orogaeLlia i uyxarin po6orr i po6orogaeqie, npoeegey
He 6epeeHi-xeirHi 201 0 p., noKa3ye, ulo [C3 Vrpaiuu aipHocHo go6pe npaqoe y cnpilflHHi pieuouy craereHHlo go vonoaixia i xiHox. Einuuicru onilTaHilx uyxaria po6oru i po6orogaaqie eaaxaoru, ulo nocnyrr
[C3 ualaorucR qonoeixau i xinxau pieHon uiporo. Sinuue nofloBr4Hr4 uryxaria po6oru ea4oeoneHiTr4M, flK
y nocflyrax [C3 ypaxoeyorucs oco6nuei norpe6u qonoeixie i xiHox. Ha gyurxy onuraHilx uyxaria po6orN a
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rpsox perioHin YxpaiHu, ,[C3 po6rru yce MoxnuBe Afle r0ro, u-lo6 sa6egneerrr cnpaBegnilail14 nilxig
pieHoo nriporo go roroaixia i xiHox, i ruar,txe Hixro He 3a3HaB y [C3 reugepHoi .qucrpuuiHaqii. Harouicru,
Qaxropauu, rxi Har,tiMoeipxiue o6uexyorb flocryn xiuox 4o Kpaqe orrnavyeaHoi, 6inuu npecruxHoi po6oru ra nocilrrororb icHyory repianicru, e Arcxpruixaqir s 6oxy po6oroAaeqie i reHgepui crepeorunil.
[C3 Noxe eupiuyaaru rhue eacruHy cKflagHoro nilraHHfl rexgepHoi uepiaHocri Ha pilHKy npaqi, aoxnp[ nig6opi HaflBHt4x earaHcita Aafl 3apeecrpoBaHilx uyrarie po6or4 i axurri Infl Hilx pisHouaHirHux
peMa
p[HKy npaqi. Pasorr,r 3 TilM, unflxoM eserrreHoro 3acTocyBauHs octaHHix - HanpilKflaA, 3aoxoeyoru xnierria go po6oru 3a Herpa4ilqiraHruu npoSecinNr ra BHAaMil 3aHflTb, Bt4Kopl4croByloriil Anfl quoro npoSecir,tHy opieHrauin, ra eQexrnaHo cnienpaulotoer g po6orolaBqflMtll Ha[ 3MeHUeHHrM
gr,rcxpuruiHaqir,troi npaxruxu y ualruaHHi xagpia i ta po6ororrly wticUi - [C3 Moxe cnpilflTtt pyttHyaauuo reHAepHilx crepeorunia i Aonouorrr y sano6iraHHi leH4epHit,t gucrpruiuaqii.
Hegaaxao.ir4 Ha gHaqHur,t nporpec, gocnrHyruil [C3 y cnpunHHi reriAepHir,r pieuocri Ha pilHKy npaqi VrpaiHr,r, r4e iorye png npo6neu, rxi Heo6xigHo eupir.ruru Anfl nolaflbuoro ygocKoHafleHHr ii AinnuHocri,
aKTilBHt4X SaXOAie Ha
cnpflMoBaHoi Ha AocnrueHHfl reHIepHoi piaHocri, 3oKpeMa:
Heo6xi4no nigroryaaru oHoBneHy eepciro noci6uuxa uMeroguqHi peKoMeH[allii s opraHisaqii
qenrpia safrHrrocri rLloAo sa6esneHeHHe reHgepHoi piaroctir, HanficaHoro Ue y 2004 p., BKJt[orit4BtuI
Ao Hboro 3vriHr4, rtlo eiA6ynucs a HaqioHanuHita reHgepHitr noniruui Ta nporpaMax nicns
2004 p.;
norpe6ye nepernflIy euicr inocrpar-1ir,t xa nucriexax, HaApyKoBaHilx i poonoaco,qxeHilx y [C3,
3 Merolo sano6iraHHs yrBepAxeHHo crepeorilnia npo rpaguqit,tno xiHo,li ra qonoei'{i npo$ecii;
cnig nepernnHyril nopflIoK Ha[aHHr coqianuurx nocnyr 3 Hucra aKTuBHt4x oaxolie noniruxu Ha
puHry npaqi, a[xe 6inuuicrb 3 Ht4x Hapasi aurnageHi y reH4epHo-HeurpanuHux $optuynnaaH-
iHe uaqineHi Ha crarb,
npaqi, ro6ro Ha xisox;
Hqx
flKa 3HaxorqilTbcfl
y Har,r6inuu Heeuriguoruy craHoauqi
Ha pilHKy
norpe6ye nepernrgy 3aKoHoAaBcrBo, u1o perynloe ginnuHicru [C3, ra iHUi noe'nsaHi uopuaTt4BHo-npaBoei 4oxyrueHrr, 3 Meroo npilBegeHHfl ix y ai4noeigHicrr [o 3aKoHolaBcrBa 3 n[TaHb
ga6eeneeeHHn piauux npae iMoxailBocrer,t xiHox ilonoeixia, nputtxnroro e VxpaiHi ra
eignosipurx saxoAie gepxaaHoi noniruxr;
.
.
KinbKa KoHKperHilx 3axogie, u-lo
Moxyrb Mar[ reHflepHuil snflfiB, tLle He oqiHnBaflilcfl;
norpe6ye nocilneHHfl [isnsHicrs
[C3 no po6ori a po6orogaeqnuu,
xorpi AonycKaorb [t4c-
xpuruiHaLliro;
norpe6ye BnpoBaAxeHHfl cr4creMa uoHiropuHry i oqiHKt4, cnpnMoBaHa Ha BilMtpoBaHHfl Bnrilay pisHux HaAaBaH[x 6espo6irHr,tN nocnyr, sxi nornmxaui cnpunru reHpepHira pieHocri Ta ycyearfi icnyloqy uepiaHicrs Ha puHxy npaui;
xoea ocHoBauryr ua teHgepHir,r pieHocri nilxig, 3anpoBalxeHuu y [C3, nepeg6arae piaHe craaaeHHfl Ao qonoeirie i xiHox, aiH He eaexAu npu3Bo[r4Tu po pieuux pesyruraria. Uet,t nilxil no6y[oeaHur4 Ha nprHqrni iHxnosilanocri, nxoro Aorpr4Myerbcq M0ll, ane eiH .racro nilgaerucn
xpul,lqi, ToMy l.t1o He Aae suory e$exrilBHo ycyBaril ei4rvinnocri y norpe6ax, HaB[eKax i locai4i
.{onoeixie ra xinox i croporyaala icHyrovi ueloniru. 1/oro cnig AonoBHoBaril no3ul4BHt4Ml4
ginuu, xorpi craopotorb yMoBr4 gnn ea6esneveHHn piaumx pesynuraria y MoxnilBocrsx gattHs-
rocri
r,t
nilroroexfi xagpia.
Vpaxoeyovr,r npilKaaAil nepegoeoi npaKTfiKr4 KoMnaeKcHoro feHIepH0ro niAxoAy y ceiri Ta cnlAytottLt
paoicrir,t ra AonoBHloBanuuir,r crparerii r,toro peanisaqii y EC3, peKoMeHlyerbcfl pflA KflHlYoBl4x rpoxia 4nn
sa6eeneqeHHn ren4epHoi piauocri a ycix saxogax i nporpaNax [C3 e VxpaiHi. V,qocnilxeHHi ni4xpecneHo,
rLlo [C3 noBfiHHa floKnaAaril 3ycilnb Anfl AocRrHeHHr HacrynHrx uinett:
.
.
3raMarm reHlepHi crepeorrnil Ta feHIepHy cerperaqio y npoQeci14HoMy HaBeaHHi ra po6ori;
npaqoBaru s po6orogaBqrMil uaA aa6esneqeHHrM feHIepHo-Her,rrpanuurx npoqecie Har,|uauHs
ra nig6opy xagpie;
.
Ha,qaBaril
cneuialuui qinuoei
axrmeiaaqir,rHi saxo4r,r gnR
xinox, nxi nepe6yaarcru y HeeuriAHoMy
craHoeuqi;
.
nigroryearil nrlaH ga6egne.leHHr reHAepHoi pieHocri, pospo6r,tl,t noKa3HilKt4 rex4epHoi
pieHocri, crBopt4Tt4 culcreMy otliHxr ra uoHiroprHry BilKoHaHHfl qboro nflaHy y rualt6yruuorvry.
Hapeuri, spo6neHo peKoMeHAallii yxpaixcuxr,tM opraHaM BnaAu ra ycraHoBaM u.loAo AocflrHeHHF Meril
KoMnfleKcHoro feHAepHoro nigxogy Ha pilHKy npaqi - 3oKpeMa, BepxoeHira Pa4i Vrpainr,r, VprAoai (sorpeua
MiHicrepcray y cnpaBax cilt'i, rvronogi ra cnopry, Ha flKe noKaaleHo rofloBHy aignoaiganuuicru sa pospo6neHrr i BnpoBaAxeHHr reH4epHoi crparerii a YrpaiHi), [epxaeroury AenapraMeHTy HarflrAy
3a
logepxaH-
3aKoHo[aBcrBa npo npallo, Hayxoso-gocriArovry iHcr[ryry coqianrHo-rpyAoBt4x ai4uocuH y M. IlyraHcbK (aiAnoaiAaluHoMy 3a BHeceHHfl svriH [o HaqioHansuoro xnacu$ixaropa npo$ecir,r), [epxaBHoMy
xoruirery crarilcl4Kr4 ra coqianuHuM naprHepaM.
HRM
3 qacis ua6yrrn HesaflexHocri Vrpaina BnpoBaAr4na ocnoaHi elleMeHril HopMaruBHo-npaeosoi 6a3il [nfl po3Bt4TKy reHiqepHo-rtyrnileoi Kynbryp14, cnpilflroy]4 reHgepHir,r piaHocri ra nporuAitotl14 [t4crpr,trvriHaqii ga ogxarorc crari.
OcHoar feHgepHoi pieHocri sa6eene,{eHi e KoHcrilryuii YrpaiHu, npr,rl,lxnril,1 y 1996 p. [lpnuqrnr
pisHoro craBaeHHfl Ao xiHox i ,lonoaixia i oco6nueoro 3axilcry npaqoto'llulx xiuox sarpinneHi TaKox y
tl14HHt4M.
Kolexci saxoHie npo npaqro YxpaiHr,t, rL-lo 6ye nputtHnrr,rr,t y 1971 p. ra goci 3ariluaerbcfl
Ha uixHapoAHoMy pieHi Vxpaina nilnucana ocHoeHi NixnapogHi AoKyMeHTil crocoBHo leugepHoi
piaHocri.3oxpeua, AepxaBa panr$ixyaana KoHeeHqin 00H npo nixeigaqio ecix Sopw grcrpuuiHaqii
tLlolo xiuox iOarynurarraHilt4 nporoKon flo Hei, KoHeeHrlip M0n 1951 p. npo piauy arHaropoAy (No
100), KonaexLlio M0n 1958 p. npo At4cKp14Minaqiro e ranysi nparlira 3aHrrb (No'111), KoHeeHUito M0ll
1981 p. npo npaqieHilxia s ciMet4HilMr,r 060e'r3KaMil (No 156). [rltur Vxpaiua 306oa'R3anacfl rapaHTyBaru piaHicru, po3Bt4ToK icnpaeegnraicru y pepxaai, Kepyloet4cb iAenuu coqianuuoi ra feHgepHoi
piaHocri.r Yxpaixa raKox nignucana l'lexiHcuxy Aernaparlin ra llnar$opwy litt tLloAo feHAeproi
piaHocriTa po3rxilpeHHfl npaB xiuox (1995 p.) i[exnaparliro rucqqonirrs 00H (2000 p.). Taxru HilHoM,
quu VrpaiHa raKox y3ena Ha ce6e so6oe'r3aHHfl Ao 2015 p. gocnrrr,t Uinel,t po3Bl4TKy rilcRqonirrs
(qPT), a oAHa e Urx r-linet,t crocyerbcfl caMe reHIepHoi pieHocri.z
feHgepHi nuraHHfl craflil Aelani eaxnt4aiur14rur y uaqioHanbHoMy ra rpoMalcbroruy gianosi nicnq
Toro, sK Vxpaina oronocura npo ceir,t uauip iurerpyBarucfl Ao rno6anuxoi cninuHoru. Vxpaiucuxtttt
ypflI BilcnoBnroe piuyvy npuxunuuicru cnpaai peanigaqii eceocRxHoi nonirilHHoi nporpaMu ul0A0 reHgepHoi piaxocri, r,l Ue ai4o6paxeHo y 3pocraloqouy uacuni eiAnoailHoro 3aKoHolaBcrBa, yxBaneH0r0
s 2005 p. Baxnueuruil eixarMfi npoLlecy SopnryaaHHfl AepxaBHoi nonirtltxr qopo feHAepHoi pisHocri a
VxpaiHi e:
Yxas ttpesugeura Yxpai'un aiA 26 nnnHfl 2005 p. Ns 1135 nllpo alocxoHaneHHfr po1oru UeurpanbHnx i uicuesux oprauia auxouaseoi' ana4u uJoAo sa1esnewuun pieuux npaB Ta MoKItuBl-
crefr xiuox
i qonoairia,;
3axou Yxpainw ofipo ea1esnelteHHfl piauux npaB
s 1 ciHHn 2006 p.);
Mot(ItuBocreil xiuox
i qonoairia"
(rnHuut,t
yrBepAxGHHn reHAepHoi'pieuocri e yxpai'uctxorvry cycninrcrai ua nepiog
20l0p.,3aTBepAxeHa nocTaHoeoro Ka6iHery MiHlcrpie VxpaiHu eig 27 rpygHn 2006 p.;
flepxaena fiporpaMa
to
Ta
3
llocrauoaa Ka6inery Minicrpia Yxpai'uu siA 16 rpaBHfl 2007 p. "llpo nifforoBKy ra nplBeqeHHn
Poxy reugepuoi' pieuocri" ;
feugepno|pieuocri, gemorpaQiworo po3Burxy ra npotugii'
roprianintoAbMu, crBopeHa llocraHoeoo Ka6inery Minicrpie Vrpair-rr,t 5 eepecHn 2007 p.; qierc
x nocraHoBolo 6ynil ergHaqeHi ri ocxoeHi saAa'li ra o6oa'Rgru.e
Mixaigouta paAa s nnraHb
t
http:i/www.undp.0rg.ua/f iles/en-l
1
cirw'i',
592EOWR prodoc-eng.pdf
,
2014 p.
n Vxpaini. y noTorvty 2004 p. 6yo posnoraruI npoex"r tlP00H "{ini posaurrxy fl,rcfleoniTre' (l]l-]PT). llpoexr BnpoBaAxyBalriMerbcfl Io t<itttts
[oKnaAHo-Ail8. http:/iundp.org.ua/en/projects-list-all/38-prosperity-poverty-reducti0n-and-mdgsJ624-miilennium-development-g0als-project.
3 Konrnnercuur,r aHania gaxonoAaBcrBa VKpaiHx qogo sa6esnevexns reulepHoi
(2007 a)
irur,rx ny6niraqinx llP00H, Aua. http://gender.undp.org.ua.
ft
pietocri ra cynyrHix n[TaHb
HaBeAeHo
y Axepeni tlP00H
3riAHo 3 B14ue3ra,qaHuMil 3aKoHaMil Ta cynyrHiNr,r nopuaruBHo-npaBoB14Mt/ [oKyMeHraNr aguiuicrpa-
rilaHilil uexaliol reH,qepHilx npoqecie 6ye ynpoaagxesrra y 3aKoHoAaB.{i14 ra eilxoHaeqira rinxax BraAu,
reHAepHa cKnaAoBa
a
-
itrerpoaaHa e ocHoeHi cr4creMil xpaitt,t. 0cnoeHa aignoaipanuticru sa pospo6neHHn
i peanisaqin reHflepuoi crpareril noKnaAeHa ra MiHicrepcreo VxpaiHr y cnpaBax cirvr'i, ruonogi ra cnopry.
PasoMl 3 Tt4M,
yci rvriuicrepcrBa noBilHHi craoprru po6osi rpynu 3 reHAepHilx nNTaHb i pospo6nrr caoi
ai4noeiflui nnaHr,l 4it,t is sa6esne.JeHHfl reHAepHoi piaxocri y caoir,t aignoaigHir,t csepi
AisnuHocri, srigHo s
fiepxaauon nporpaMo]o (ye. puc. A.1 y floprKy, Ha flKoMy cxeMarilqHo so6paxeua opraHisaqitaHa
crpyKTypa HaqioHanuuoro anapary reHflepnoi pieuocri a Vxpairi). Vnpopoax 2OO7-2OOg poxie raxi po6oHi
rpynr 6yll4 creopeHi B o[ilHaAurru rrltiHicrepcraax (soxpeua y MiHicrepcrai npaqi ra coqialuHoi noninrxr,l)
i rpsox AepxaBHilx opraHax, npilqoMy eicin,t s Hux pospo6mnil enacHi uaHr gir,l ia sa6eeneqeHHe reHAepHoi piaHocri i srogol noHaflu Bt4KoHyBaril ix.r Ipore, 3a pe3yflbrarauu aHanisy, npoBegeHgrg eKcnepraMil
nporpaMr nP00H uPisHi Naoxnileocri Ta npaBa xiHox a YxpaiHi, Ha noHarKy 200g p., n'flTn 3 BocbMil rpyn
cnig npo4osxuru ni4arqeHrs nxocri ceoix nnaHie gira, xorpi 3HaqHoo Niporo 3aril[Jaorbc,
AeKnaparilBuuNr. V Hilx 3anponoHoeaHi lii, rlo Bt4xoAflTb oa Nexi xorrlneretqii po6oroi rpynil, sot-14 Nicrnru uurpoxi
tt sararuHi SoprraynroeaHHq 6es 3a3HaqeHHfl noxagH[xia Ann euNiproBaHHfl pe3ynsraria, BoHil He sa6esnereHi SiuaHcyBaHHflM repeo piueunn Vpngy o6uexrrr Ko[JTopt4ct4 coqianuHo opieHroaauux npoexria nig
vac SiraHcoeoi rprsu (UNDP, 2010, p. 30).
V qinon,ty eKcnepru nP00H Bil3Hayulr14 HacrynHi omrosHi cna6xi n,ticqn HaqioHaflbHoro reHAepHoro
anapary e VxpaiHi:
cla6xa cnienpureruicru i xoop4ruaqin a 6oxy MiHicrepcrBa y cnpaBax cinr'i,
rraonogi ra cnopry,
6insuocri Niuicrepcre, BBaxaerbcfl ocHoBHt4M Saxropour, u.lo crpt4Mye eSexrNaHy pearisaqin fiepxaeHoi nporpaMil 3 yrBep4xeHHfl reHgepHoi pieHocri e yxpaiucuxorray
cycnirucrei Ha nepiog Ro 2010 p.;
ll-10, Ha AyMKy
ei4cyrHicru sirxoro Bu3HayeHHr sa4ar io6os'R3xie po6orrx rpyn, u.lo cnpilqilHfle nnyraHuuy
nacusHicru y AeflKrx is sagxa.reHilx po6orux rpyn i, orxe, HeoAHaroei piati nporpecy;
HenpaBilabHill,1
r,t
axqelr uiHicrepcra y
saxogu, a He Ha pe3ynbraril
ru
nnaHyBaHHi, npaxruxu
ra npol{elypax ua axigni
r,r
pecypct4
nigcyruxu;
eiAcyrHicft HarexHmM YuHoM no6ygoeaHmx noxasHuria auNiprcsauur nporpecy ra e6exrueHocri arpyraHun (UNDP, 2009b, crop.'14-15).
Ha perioHalbHoMy pieHi uexaHistu sa6esneeeHHe reH4epHoro po3Br4rxy nepe46avae peanisaqin
periouanuHux reHAepHilx nporpaM, pospo6neHrx aignoaigH!4Mil ynpaBflinHsruu o6nacHux
AepxaBHilx
aguixicrpaqit,t i nprt,lnrrux o6nactuurr palqaMr. BignoeiganuHicru ga peanisaqiro Llilx nporpaM noKna4exa Ha periouaruHi eilxouaeri opraxr,3oKpeMa ra o6lacui ra panoHti ynpaanitHn y cnpaBax ciwr'i, urolopi ra cnopry (gr,re. puc. A.1 y fiogarxy). 3 rvreroro xoop4r,tnaqii ginnuuocri s ea6esne.leHHn peaniaaqii
o6nacHux reHAepHilx nporpaM y ecix o6racrsx craopeHi Koop4r,rHaqiraui pagr,r 3 nilTaHb reHgepHoi
noniruxu (UNDP,2009b). Xora eci o6nacri poapo6mnu periouansHi nporpaMil is ga6esneqeHHn reHgepHoi piaHocri Ao xiHqq 2009 p., 6inuuicru is Hilx He eiAnoeigarorb BrMoraM a6o e npaxruruo Hesgir,rcHeuHt4M14, T0My tUo B Hl4x np0cro cxonit,toaaHo rercr ie
[epxaaHoi nporpaMil 3 yrBepgxetxn feHgepuoi
piaHocri a yxpaiucuxotvty cycninucrsi na nepioa lo 2010 p., 6es ypaxyBaHHfl aiAnoaiAHoro perioHanrHoro KoHTeKcry (UNDP,2010, crop.34). Taxe craHoBr4qe o6yruoaneuo s4e6inuuoro geQiqr,rrorvr uicqeeux
excnepria io ueo6xi4Hutvt gocaiEorrl y csepi reHgepHoi noniTuxu, xegocraruiu SiHaHcyaanHnu iuiqiarua
ig xounnexcHoro reHAeptoro ni4xogy xa o6nacuoury pieHi ra icHyrcruuu xouenixramu rrlix o6nacHuuu
AepxaBHilMl4 a4uiHicrpaqisuu i o6nacH[Mil paAaMr, Rxi ennilea]orb Ha eQexrraticru cniapo6irtuqrea
tvtix pisuurut,t opraHaMil elagu r,r Ha poonopin QiHaucosNx xouris is Nicqeerx 6roflxerie (UNDp,200gb,
crop. 28
42).
n
4 15-pirrr,ti oTnflA Bt4K0HaHHfl tlexircsxoi gexnapaqii
ra [lnareoprvr,r gin a Vxpai'rii. gr,ts
http://www. undp.org.ualf iles/en_1 1 336ukraine*beiiin g_1 5.pdf
.
Ha gaxirqeHHr 3a3HatilMo, qo Vxpaiua 4ocnrna 3HaqHoro nporpecy a pospo6neHHi ra eMiqHeHHi
uaqioHansuux MexaHisruie reHgepHoi pieHocrisriguo e ii roucruryqit,tHrur ra npaBoBr4Mil 306oa'ssaHHqr\Iil
Ha HaqiouanbHoMy ra uixHapogHoly pisHnx.s Hapasi BaxflhBo nigrprNarn Bxe AocflrHyrnl nporpec y
reHAepHux rpaHc$opuraqinx, ueaaaxaxlHu Ha SiuaHcoeo-exouorvrisxy Kpr43y
ra
o6MexeHHR
6to[xerHrx
eugarxia xa coqianuHy c$epy 3anuuLaetcn norpe6a a iurerpaqii npuHqnnie reupepHoi piaHocri y 3aKoHut, ll1o peryarororb aiguoueHHr y ranysi npaqi ra ear,tHnrocri. Buxopucroeyo.r4 Aocsifl po3arueuux xpaiH,
VxpaiHa Mae sMiHuril aKUeHT y 3aKoHoAaBcrai ra noniruUi s ranyai ear4xsrocri ig gaxucHux HopM flnr
xiHor-npaqiBHt4t-lb Ha peanisaqiro feu4epxoi noriTr4Kr4, Uo peanbHo np[3BeAe Ao [ocRrHeHHn ge-$axro
renpepnoi pieuocri. V quorvry roHrexcri expar,t aaxnuao poepo6r,rrr4 IoBrocrpoKoBy crparerio MoAepHigaqii
pr,tnxy npaqi, cnpflMoBaHy Ha re, u-lo6 apo6urn r,toro Rx KoHKypeHTocnpoMoxHr4M, rax i sgarHilM 3axilcrt4ru npaqiaHrrie o6ox crareil, 3MeHU[Tr4 reHpepHrar,t po3pr4B g onnari npaqi, noxpaqrrr 6anaHc uix rpyAoBr4M i ciuer,tHuvr xr4rrflM a VxpaiHi (UNDP, 2010).
5 3rarrii AocRrHeHHfl Vrpaiuu a HanpeMKy 3a6e3nereHHff rergeproi pisxocri 6ynur epo6neni 3aBARKr,{ rexxi,ririt.r ra SiraHcoaii nigrpr,lr,rqi
Nixnapognrx opranisaqii.3oxpeua, tlP00H a yKpaiHi, pa3oM is eaponeicuxnu ColoaoM i MinicrepcraoN Vrpairt,t y cnpaBax ciM'i, trtonogi ra
cnopry, 3apa3 BnpoBagxye Br.lUe3ra4aHy nporpaMy'Pisri rvloxnlaocri ra npaaa xiror a Vxpaiui" (anpoaapxenHn noeanocr 15 eepecrn 2008
p.). Ilpoexr rpyHTyorbcr ua gocai4i ra pe3ynbrarax, orpilMaHux ra nonepegxix craginx flporpavu piauux MoxnLIBocrefr "Yrpaira: Ha unRXy A0
pierocri" (nepr.r.ra cragin rxoi 6yna peani:oeaHa sa nigrpnuxu Lllee4cuxoro Areurcraa s uiNHapo4uoro po3Br4TKy ra cniapo6irHuqraa (SIDA) y
2003-2006 pp., a Apyra BLlKoHyeTbcfl s 2006 p.). 23 rsirHs 2009 p. MixsapogHe 6opo npaqi ra oaponemcurut,l Cooe poanovanr roeilt,1 npoexr
"Piexicru xixor i lonoeixia y cairi npaqi'. [eu4epxi nuTaHHff B VxpaiHi raxox npilBepTan14 yaary:6oxy AreHrcrea e uiNxapoproro p03Bl4lKy
CtlJA (Nails,2001), Cairoaoro 6anxy (Dudwick et al,2002) i opraHigaqii Human Rights Watch (2003).
2.1. Tengexqii sarHsrocri
V nepiog exoHotvti,{Horo 3pocraHHfl a VxpaiHi (2001-2008 pp.) pieeHu gat4Hqrocri .lonoairie eixoru 1570 poxia 3HaqHo spic (is 59,9 go 65,2%), rogi nx pieeHu ear,tusrocri xiHox epic rpoxil MeHUe (e 51,5 Ao
54%) t llopiaHnuo MeHuJe e6inuueuHs piaHn oar,tHnrocri cepe4 xiHox noscHroorbcfl MeHUl14M s6insueHttsw xinuxocri aat,tusrux xiHox (3,3% npol,t 6,6%cepeA qonoBixie), a raKox MeHuIt4M 3HuxeHHflM yt4cenuuocri exoHotvti,lHo HeaKT[BHr4x xiHox (1,1% nporu 9,6%)ra eararuHoi,.tilcenuHocrixiHox aixoM 1570 poxia (1,4% nporu 2,1o/,).1-{i reHgeHqii MoxHa aigHecrr Ha paxyHoK npol4flexHilx reH4euqir,r exoHowi'txoi axrueHocri vonoeiris ixinox sa nepiop cnocrepexeHHn: piaeHu exoHol,ti.iHoi axrilsHocri ,{onoaixie spic ie 67,5 Ao 69,8%, a cepel xiHor 3Hr43r4Bce s 57,7 go 57,Soh. Kpiu roro, s6epirarcrucr
6inuu eucoxi piaHi cueprHocri ronoeixie nporflroM ycboro xurrfl, oco6nueo npaqe34arHoro BiKy.7 Ce-
-
pe4 MoxnuB[x noecHeHb HerarilBHr4x reugeHqir,r u1o[o eKoHowri,Jnoi axrilaHocri xiHoK, r4o cnocrepiralorbcfl 3 2001 p., cnig sasHaruru uacrynHi: (i) exonoNivHe 3pocraHHn o6yruoeuno 3pocraHHfl goxogia ronoeixie (y rouy vrcni rpouroBilx nepeKa3ie rpygnqr,rx-rvrirpaHria) Hacrinrxu, rLlo Aenxi sauixni xiHxn
arpiuunu He nprltuaru ytacrb Ha pilHKy npaqi; (ii) 3 ornnAy na sigcyrHicrb HaflexHux At4rflru4x
gouxinuHux saxnagia i rHyrxux pexuuia po6onr gnn npaqiaxilxie is ciNer,txuut,t o6oa's3xault1, a raKox
.qyxe ule.qpy [onoMory xiHxaru y 3B'fl3Ky 3 HapoAXeHHRM [r4Tr4Ht4, noquHa]09t4 e xairHs 2005 p. , 6araro
xiHox eupiutytorb 3aniluarilcr BloMa BnpoAoBX xinuxox poxia. Xova rinorega npo cla6xurr,r nonilT Ha po6ovy cuny ra o6uexeHrN gocryn xiHox go po6orux uricqu He nigraepgxyerbce B VxpaiHi e qinorvry (ETF,
2009), ii tvtoxua BilKopt4croByBaru rK AoAarKoBe noflcHeHHfl Hnguxoi Ta cnaAatoyoi exoHoruiqHoi arrfisHocri xiHox y cinucsxutt Nicqeaocri Ta flenpecilBuux periorax. Hapeuiri, MoxHa 6yno 6 crBepAxyBaru,
t4o icttyora Heai4noei4uicru Nix xeaniSiraqinMil Ta HaBilqrauu npaqiaHuxis ra BrMoraMil po6orogaaqia
(World Bank, 2009) Moxe raKox 3yMoBnloBarh 3HuxeHHfl pieur sar,rHnrocri ra exoHoNi,{Hoi axrileHocri
xiuox repes eQexr sHeeiperoro npaqiaHuxa. Ipore, Ha Hauy AyMKy, qe cxopiue cnpurr[Me reHAepHoMy po3p14Boei e onnari npaqi ra sHaqHi14 rinuxocri sar,rHRrux oci6 is Ha[Niptolo eil HelocrarHboro
xaaniSixaqieo, aHix Ht43bKoMy piaHo sar,tunrocri sx raKoMy.s
flx peeynurar, po3pt4B rvtix pieHeu sar4HnrocrixiHox ieonoeixie po 2008 p. s6inuuyaaeca (puc. 2.1).
['lpore, Haeiru npil qboMy s6iruureHHi leHgepHr,rr,r po3pr/B a VrpaiHiy 2008 p. (11,2 eigcorxoeux nynxrie)
3aflilut4Bcfl Ht4xet4M, ttix y cepe4uboMy no eC (13,7 B.n.).s OiHaHcoBo-eKoHoMivHa xpusa, ulo cnaflaxHy-
na a Vrpaiui y HerBeproMy xeaprani 2008 p. i apaaNna aci ranyei exoHowrixu, cnpIRfla suuxeHHrc pieur
gat4Hsrocri flK cepeA Yonoaixie, rax i cepeg xiHox. Ipore, qx i e 6araruox inllnx rpaiHax, pieeHu sat4Hsrocri Honosixia sHt4emecq 6inuue,repes re Uo ranysi, [e nepeBaxaors,]onoeixr,t (6ygieHr,rr1rBo, npoMt4c-
6 Bapro 3a3Ha!url4, qo uiroa14fr Aiana3oH, flKl4l,,r BilKopr4croByerbcff B Vxpaini 4nn BilMipoBaHHfl ecix noxacHilxie pr,4lxy npaqi (15-70
poKiB) Ha ocnooi gauux eu6ipxoaux o6crexeru po6o.ioi crnu (B0PC), aigpiaHnerucn ei4 craHAaprHoro BlKoB0ro Aiana30Hy, flK14t4
Bl4Kopl,4croByeTbm y 6inuuocri rpaiH 0C ra 0ECP (.15-64 poxis). BiH saeefi,ral/ BrlKopl4cToBycTbcfl nopflfl ia pianarouar.lr npalle3AarHoro BiKy
ariAro s yKpaiHCbKt4M 3aKoHoAaBcrB0r\,t 15-54 poxr,l gnn xinox ra 15-59 poxia grr vonoaixie. l!06 yruoxnueuru uixHapoAHe nopiarrrrR,
lepxaenrt.l rottitet ctarltcrrr<l,t VxpaiHr 3 2008 p. ny6nixye ar6pari noxasxnKr,l Anfl HacerreHHn oir<ottlt 15-64 poxn.
7y
ZO0B p.
rixoauuI
sararsri piaui crr,,leprriocri !onoeixia i xiHoK craHoBrlnr ai4noaigro 18,2ta14,8'k. Cniaai4xouLeHun qilx
noKa3HHXiB 3a 5-
pi:xe apocraHHr y oHaUbKoMy aiqi, crraroru 3,34 y aixoaiI rpynt20-24 poxu, nicnn roro s6epiraerscr
6inlue 3 y acix aixoeux rpynax Ao 55 poria. 3aTanusu.il.r uaKcurMyM cniaaiguoLleHHr pieuie cuepruocrr qonosixie ra xiHox (3,39)
cnocrepiraerucr y airoain rpyni 45-49 poxia (oLlinxr.r ocHosaHi Ha AaH14x, npeAcraBneH14x e UNDP, 2009a).
pivxutrru
ua piaHi
rpynaMi4 AeMoHCTpye
I
3rigHo s 06ctexesHstvt coqiaruuo-exoHorr,riruor :axuulexocri HaceneHHq, np0BeAeHuM lepNaaHuu xorvrireror,.l crar,1cTl,lKt,t Vxpaiuu y
2006 p., eacrKa onfiraHxx eonoeixis, pieeHs xaani$ixaqii nxr,lx 3Ha,rHo 814u.1414, Hix ueo6xigHo Aflfl Br.tKoHaHHr po60T[ (10,1%), 6inuu-ra
nopiaurro o asanori.lruttt noKasHrK0r\,1 gnR xiuox (7,9%), rogi nx uegocrarrir,l piBeHb KBaniSiKarlii 6ya 6inuu nou.lilpeH14M flBt4uleM cepeA
NiHox (2.7%), Hix cepeA ronoaixia (2,2%).
I
Bilcorxoaut,l nyur<r (a.n.) - qe
oAuH14rlff
ourrripnsarrn, ulo on14cyc
srviHr,r
(a6o p03pfiB) B noKa3HfiKax, enuipRnrx y BiAcorKax.
floBicrb, onepallii 3 HepyxoMicrlo Ha HaAaHHR nocnyr ni4np[eMqflM),6ynu Hata6inuue apaxeHi Kpt43oto.
Heseaxaoqil Ha He3HaqHe s6insuexHs .rilcenuHocri HafruaHrx npaqinuuxia y 6ogxerHouy cexropi, ge
nepeBaxaroru xiHKt4,3oKpeMa y ranysi oceiru, oxopoHr4 3[opoB'r icoqianuuoi po6oru y 2008-2009 pp.,
pieeHu sat4Hsrocri xiHox y qinoNy 3Hr43rBcfl, r4o eigo6paxye nouilpeHHfl Kpt43t4 Ha iuu.ti, 6inuu reHgepHo-srvriuaHi ranysi.
t2
t0
F
l<
ts
>'
H
E
o
!4
tr
o
o
E{
o
2004
200s
I
15-70
2006
2007
2008
poxin I flpaqe:4auttir
nix (xinrn:
.rorosirr: I 5-59 poxin)
2009
15-54 poxin,
Puc. 2.1 . lenAepnr,rr,r po3pt4B y piaunx sailusrocri, 2004-2009 pp.
Axepeno: flepxaeHuta rouirer crarucrnKn Vxpaitu (gani
BOPC), enacHi pospaxyHxu.
ixinor
(ru-
x
eixy)
piaunuu saiHnrocri qonoaixie
renAepHura po3pr4B pospaxoaauun nx pioHuqn
gafrHRrux
oci6 eiAnosigHoi aixosoi rpynH y aigcorxax aig saranuuoi,{ucenuHocri HacefleHHfl raxoro
cenunicro
y eigcorxoolrx nyHKrax. flogurilsHilfr po3pr4B o3Hayao, qo pieeHu gar,rHnrocri qonoeixie euquft, Hix xiHor.
llprmirxa:
uix
AHanis reHAepHo-cneqraQirHoi pieur,rrli y piaHnx 3ar4HflTocri no sixost4x rpynax (pnc. 2.2) noKa3ye, ulo
Har46inbua pi3Ht4qfl ruae uicqe y rpynax 25-29 i 50-59 poxie. Pieuuqn y rpyni 25-29 poxie (y cepegHuotvty 15
aigcorxosrrrx nyHrria sa2004-2009 pp.) noncHoerbcfl 3Ae6iflbuoro ei4xnageHHnM nepuoro B[xoly Moltolux xiuox Ha pilHoK npaqi a6o nepepBoro y npoQecir4Hir,t 4innuuocri, nxulo eoHu ii Bxe po3no\aril, eepe3
rpapr,tqir,lui 060B'fl3K14, noe'q3aHi 3 Heonaa,ryBaHoo po6010ro y [oMorocnogapcrsi Ta n0 AornflAy sa giruuut.
Bpaxoeyoru noreHqirani rpy4uorqi e noegHauui r-lutx o6oB'fl3Kia is npoQecit,tuoo ginnrHicrrc, 6araro xiuox
noqilHaorb 6paru yracru y po6o.{ir4 cr,tni i 6ygyearil cBo}o Kap'epy exe nicns 30 poxia. !o rinoresy nigrpuMytorb gaHi npo eroHorvrivHy arrileHicru xinox. Hanpuxnag, y 2009 p. piaeuu exoHoNi.rHoi axrueHocri xiHor
y eixoeir,r rpyni 30-39 poxie 6ye Ha 7,6 e.n. arqe, uix y airosir,t rpyni 25-29 poria (79,9 nporvi72,3%).10
BilnoailHi pieui exoxoNi.rHoiaxrileHocri .lonoeirie craHosilnil 89,9 i88,6 % (pisHuqr - 1,3 e.n.).0txe, Rr
3gaerbcr, 6aruxiacrao Mae He3HagHilt,t xerarileHilr,t snnue Ha eat,tHgricrb ra eKoHoMirHy axrueHicrb yKpaiucuxux ,lonoeixie. llo x crocyerucs airoeoi rpynu 50-59 poxie, ro reHIepHr14 po3pr4B o6yNoaneuutt, ronoBHt4M u,1HoM, Ht4xqop eroHoNiqroo axrilenicro xiHox ysarani ra HuxluN aixorM Br4xo4y xixox Ha
neHciro 30KpeMa.
10 PieNi sar4Hsrocri xiriox y aixorux rpynax 25-29 i 30-39 poxia
cTaHoB,rflTb aignoeigno
65,2i74,2/"
60-70
50-59
ooEl
30-39
25-29
t5-24
.,
0
681012t4t618
.2004 12008 .2009
Puc. 2.2. len4epxr,tr,r po3prlB y piennx sar4Hnrocrisa eixoaurr]4 rpynaMil, 2004,2008,2009
pp.
[xepeno: flepxaeHut,t xouirer crarucl4Kr4 VxpaiHr,t (gaHi B0PC), anacHi pospaxyHxr,r.
Ilpumirxa: reHgepHut,t po3pt4B pospaxoeanrur nx pisHuqn uix piaHnun saraHsrocri qonoaixis ixiHox (rucenuHicro gat,tHnrux oci6 aignoeigHoi siroeoi rpynu y ai4corxax aig aaranuuoi qucenuHocri HaceaeHHfl raxoro x aixy)
y ai4corxoaux nyHKTax. llos[ruaHut4 po3pr4B o3Haqae, qo pieeHu sar4HRrocri qonoaixis
liraao raKox
euu.1ur,r,
Hix xiuor.
nogilBr4Tr4cfl Ha guHauixy pianie sar,tHnrocri no sixost4x rpynax nicnn 2004 p.
(puc.2.2):
y rott rac, nx curyaqin 3afltlujfinacr mataxe xeeuiunoro grn nixoeoi rpynr,l 30-39 poxie ra naracrapiuoi rpynn (60-70 poxia), y aixoeit,t rpyni 40-49 poxia eoua nocrynoBo noKpaulyBanacfl Ha Kopt4crb xinox. Bogrorac, Anr peuril aixoeilx rpyn feHlepHur,1 pospua nouiruo e6inuuNecs aa2004-2008 pp., ane y 2009 p. 3By3r4Bcfl qepe3 pisxe stuxeHtn piauie oar,tusrocri .tonoeixie nig vac Kpu3t4.
fx y 6araruox po3BrHeH[x xpaiHax, e VxpaiHi icuye nosurmaHa ganexHicru uix pieHeu ocsiril Ta eKottotuirHon axrilsHicro oci6: quu eNqe piaeuu ocsiru (sa auHnrxovr 6asoeoi auqoi), T[M BNqe piaHi exoxoliqHoi axrfieHocri ra gat,tHsrocri, npurouy qer,r eucHoaoK cnpaBelnilenr,l gnn o6ox crarer,r.0co6r g
yHiaepcurercuxoto ocgirolo MarcTb Bilro[y eig orpruauun auqoi oceir[ He rinuxu roMy, ll1o e Hilx Hat4euqi piauieal4uqrocri (y 2009 p.-77o/o cepefl qonoBixie i 71,6% cepeg xiHox). BoHr raxox e eArHoo rpynoro, B nxiil z 2004 p. i go cux nip cnocrepiraerbce crir,rxe epocraHHfl euceflbHocri saiHsrilx, Haeiru He3Baxaloqil Ha noroqHy QiuaHcoao-exououirHy Kpr43y. 0co6r,l a iuuurvrr,r piaHnuu oceiTu, oco6nilso ,{onosixu g
HenoBHoto Bt4u-loto ra noBHoro 3araflbHoro cepeflHboro ocBiToto, 6ynr icrorHo apaxeui Kpr43o[o y 2009 p.
XiHxr a VxpaiHi B cepeAHboMy e 6inuu ocei,{exilMil sa Honoaixie.y 2007 p. xiurt,t cKaaAanu 53% ecix
exoHotvti'{Ho aKTilBHt4x oci6 ig Bt4rrloro oceiroo, a nuroMa eara xiHox ia euqon ocairorc e eroHo[liqHo axTl4BHoMy xilorouy HaceneuHi Ha 4,6 e.n. 6insura, Hix signoai4Ha eacrKa qonoeixie (ETF, 2009). SinuuLe roro, y nepiop ie 2004 no 2007 p. cnocrepiranocu oco6n14Bo BeflilKe s6insueHHn xinuxocri ernycxnrxie
yHieepcureriB cepeA exoHotr,ti,rno aKTr4BHoTo HacefleHHr, 70% sxoro npilnaAano Ha xiHox. 36inuueHns Ha
20,5% xinuxocri sat,tnRruxxiHox is noBHoro Bl,r.lolo ocairoo y2004-2009 pp. (npol,l 10% rurs roroeixie)
gae nigcrany BBaxaril, tt.1o A[naoM npo B14u-ly oceiry noKpaqye craHoBmqe xiuox Ha pr,tHxy npaqi. llpore,
qi pesynuraru cni4 rnyuarrru o6epexHo, ToMy u1o BoHr4 He BpaxoByroru aHi sxicru erxoHyaauoi po6oru, aui
piaeuu ocBiTlI, norpi6uuu gnn qiei po6oru. llopisnnHo Kpaqe craHoBtlqe xitox s 6inuul eucoxuru piaHevr
oceiril Ha pilHKy npaqi uoxe 6yl,r o6yrvroBfleHe He rinuxu B14Kopt4craHHslvr ixHuoi 6inuu eilcoxoi
xsaniSixaUii Ha B[coKoKBaniSixoaaur,tx po6ort,tx uicqnx, ane l,t eLaricHeHHflM MeHU oceiqeHl,tx npaqiaHrxia
10
ixtix
ra Husuxoi xeaniQixaqii. finr roro qo6 npoaHanisyaaru qi nuraHnolanuui gocnigxenHn Ha ocHosi rvrixpo4aHmx (Ha pieHi iHlr,teigia).
f x erguo Ha puc. 2.3, taut6inuua pisxuqr e pieHnx ear4Hsrocri no piauRx oceiril cnocrepiraerbcfl cepeg
npaqiatuxia ig nosHohl 3araflbHoro cepeAHboro oceiroo, a uar,rrrrexua - cepefl oci6 io noqarKoBolo 3ararrbHoro ocsiroo a6o esarani 6es o$iqit4Hoi oceiril.
a
noca,q, Uo BuMaraorb cepegHboi
Hn, norpi6xi
flo.rarxosa
3ariurbHa
III,I HUI(IIA
Eagosa
3ATIIJIbHA
cepeAH,
fIosHa
3arilnbHa
cepeAHs
HenoeHa
Br{uIa
Easosa BVrrIa
BI,IIUA
fIosHa
BI,IIIIA
l
6
+
t0
T
12
t4
t8
e2004 r 2008 .2009
Puc. 2.3. feHgepnur,t
po3p14B
y piaHnx saraHqrocrisa pieHeu oceiryl, 2004,2008 ra 2009 pp.
Ixepeno: lepxaeHura rouirer crarilcl4Kr4 Vxpainu (aani B0PC), enacui pospaxynxu.
llpuuirxa: reu4epHut,t p03p14B poepaxoeaHnr,t nr pisnuqn uix piannuu sat,lHnrocri ,ionoaixis ixinor
eixoM 15-
70 porie (rncenunicrn sanusrux oci6 aignoaigHoi oceirHuoi rpynI y ai4corxax eig saranuHoi.lficensHocri HaceneHHfl
s qiei x oceirHuoi rpynn) y aigcorxoaux nyHKrax. flogurileHuil po3pr4B o3Har]ae, r4o pieenu sat4Hnrocri qonoaixis euLqr,r,r,
nix xilrox. Buxopt4craHa Haqionanuua xnacraSixaqin pieHia oceiru.
Axalia earanuHoi eat4Hsrocri 3a crarycoM sar4Hsrocri Ta crarro flae ni,qcraeu BBaxarfi, n1o xiHxu nepeBaxaorb cepeA caMo3al,1Hqrux oci6 (52,6% y 2009 p.), roAi qx .lonoeixfl nepeBaxaoru e iHUJilx rareropinx, a caMe cepep Hat,tuaur,rx npaqiaHr,rxie (51%), po6orogaaqie (66%) ra 6esxor.uroBHo npaqoloqilx
qneHis cit't''i (64,4%). Cauosat,ttsri xiHxu s VxpaiHi 3ocepelxeHi y eyouxoruy
Aiana3oHi rpa4t,tqir,tur,rx xiHot'|14x
Hilsrroo npogyxflannicro, peura6enuHicr}o ra goxogticro. [e, soxpeura, peanisaqir roeapia
np0MucnoBoro aupo6ttuqrea (49% ycix cauoear,lunrux xiirox), uarypanuue cinucure rocnolapcrBo, np14roTyBaHHr ra peanisaqir rylirapHux aupo6ie, npu6upaHHn xurfla ra iHUa xarHn po6ora, nepyKapcbxi nocnyril, KocMer[gui ra os4opoari nocnyru, npuaarHi ypoKil Ta penerilTopcrBo, nepeKnalaquxi nocnyril, AorflflI
3a gitulttt, Aornep 3a xBopt4Mu (lepacunreHro, 2008, crop. 108). Einuua eacrilHa qiei ginnunocri eegerucn
TaKox y ueQoptrlanuniu exonowtiUi: sa AaHilNrr,t B0PC, y 2009 p. 84,1% ycix xiHoK, rxi npaqrceanr ne ga HalrMoM, orpl4Myeanr goxig y HeQoprrlanuHitt exoHolvrir.li (ffn nopientHHn, aHarori,lHa qacrKa cepeA ronoaixie
craHoBl4fla 74,5%). Ue,qae nigcraey BBaxaril, r4o cauooautHqri xiHxt4 y He$oprvanbHoMy cexropi, nK npaB[no, rpyny]orbcfl y ttttxvit,l ,lacruHi npo$ecir,rnoro posnoginy. Kpirvr roro, 6inuue xiHoK, Hix qonoeixia,
cxunuli npaqoBaril BAoMa, u-lo Moxe nocilrHlBaru Heamguuicru i uaprinanisaqim xinoroi npaqi, o6uexy1o'114 B pe3ynbrari c$epy xonexrilsHoi 4ii uaaxono onflaqyBaHilx eugie pinnsuocri (Chant and Pedwell, 2008).
3aHflTb is
[!o x
crocyerbcfl 3araflbHoi sat4Hnrocri s xeSoprrranuHira exoHorvir-li, ro xiHxu craHoBnrrb y cepepHborvry 48% saranuuoi .iilcenuHocri npaqolo,+4x y HeQopuanuHir,t exouotvtiqi sa 2004-2009 pp. (gua. ra6n.
2.1).y ei.qnoei,qHit4 nireparypi Bt43Haerbcfl, rl-lo sar4Hnricru y HeSoprvranusit,t exoxolvtitli HaAao neBHilM rpynau xiHor Moxnreocri ear,tHnrocri, nxi e iuurolvry paai uoxyru 6yru HegocrynHi, ra Io3Bonfle xiHxaN xopt4cryBarrcfl neBHilM cryneHeM era6opy, caNocrir,tHocri ra rHyrrocri crocoaHo y3rogxeHHfl npogyxruaHoi
(exoHoruiruoi) ra penpogyrrueuoi (e gornngy ea girsurr,r) poner,r (Chant and Pedwell, 2008; Maloney, 2004;
lLO, 2002). Pasour 3 Tt4M, ypaxoByor{[ icHyori gaxoHolaeqi HopMr4 crocoBHo aignycrxu y 3B'r3Ky 3
earirHiclo ra nofloraMil Ta 3axilcHe 3aKoHolaBcrBo npo sar4Hsricru a VxpaiHi, 6inuuicru yxpaiHcuxrx xiHox
yce oIHe ei4laoru nepeBary 6eaneqi Ta KpaulilM yMoBaM npaqi, r-rlo nponoHyrorbcn y Qopuanuuiu erouorvriUi, Hag rnyrxiclo, r4o icxye a HeSoprvranbHoMy cerropi. IuuLe ri xiHxu, qill tvtoxnuaocri y QopuanuHit,t
exoxorvrirli e Ayxe o6uexeHuuu, Moxyrb eupiuuru neper,tru go He$opuanrHoi exoHotvtixt4, eaaaillat,t nx caMosar4xqri npaqisxrqi (Pignatti, 201 0).tt
Hagrvipne npe,qcraBHilUreo qonoeixia y HeQopuaruHiil exoHoltiqi a Vxpaiui noflcHloerbcfl, ToJtoBHuM
ixHuoro B[u.lo]o exoHorvri,rHoro axrilaHicro, HecnpoMoxHicrrc Sopuanuuoi exoHottrtixu craopurt4 AocrarHlo xinsxicru sxicHr,rx po6orrx MicUu ig rigHutuu yMoBaMil npaqi gnn norflfiHaHHr geinuHeHfix
H14HoM,
ranyser,t npoMilcaoBocri, ge nepeBaxaoru qonoeixil (eSerr BuuroBxyBauun), ta
6inuuoro cxrnuHicro qonoeixie norogxyBar[cs ua 6inuu pr4314KoBaHy, aae qacro Kpaqe onnasyaaHy po6ory, HaflBHy a HeSoprvranuuiil exoHorvriUi (e$exr nprrflrHeHHn) (ETF, 2009; Lehmann et al., 2005;.rz
npar-lienr,tris
is rilx
Ta6n. 2.1
3anxcricrr y xeSopuanuxii eroxor'riqi ga crarrrc,2004-2009
2004
2005
2006
2007
.
pp.
2009
2008
Yacrxa cepeg oat,tHnroTo Hacefleuun y He$opruanuHit,l exoHoNiUi
(y % no garanrHoi.rilcensHocri HaceneHHfl, gar,tHqroro y HeQoprraanuHit,t exoHowiqi)
Xisxu
47 ,4
49,4
48,6
48,6
47,3
47,1
tlonoeixr
52,6
50,6
51,4
51,4
52,7
52,9
PieeHu yracri y He$opualuHilr exoHorvrir-li (y %
lo
earansHoi qucenuuocri ear,rHsrrx aignoaigHoi crari)
Xiuxn
18,6
21,7
22,4
22,3
21,3
21,1
Yonoeiril
20,2
21,2
22,2
22,3
22,2
23,1
Axepeno: lepxaeHuI xouirer
crarucr]4Kt4 Vrpainn (gaHi B0PC).
Y ra6n.2.1 noxasauo He3HaqHe 3MeHUeHHfl pieHr yracri xiHox y HeSopuanrniut exoHolitli s 2006 p.,
sAe6inuuoro 3aBflflK14 cKopoqeHH]o He$opuanuuoi ear4Hsrocri a cirscuxoNy rocnogapcrei, xorpe e oAHien
3 rofloBHr4x c$ep npr,rxnapaHHR npaqi xiHox, sxi ueuxarct y cinucsxir,t uicqeaocri. BogHorac, pospua uix
piaunuu yracri xiHox ra Honoeixis, 3afrHflTr4x y ue$opuanuHita eroHotvtitli, spocrae, Uo eacrKoBo noflcHoerbcfl nocrynoBilM nouupeHHflM HeSopuanuuoi sar4Hnrocri qonoeixia y 6yflisHilqrei (xora y 2009 p. uet,t
noKa3HilK Tpoxl4 3MeHUilBcfl qepe3 xprsy), rpancnopri ra iHuux HecinucurorocnolapcbKt4x e[Aax flisnuHocri, novtlxamqil 3 2000 p.
Tenep neper,r4eMo B HauoMy o6roeopeuui go npoQecir,ruoi cerperaqii. .Us inocrpaqii piaHn cerperaqii
s VxpaiHi ra nopiaxnHts ii g iHrJr4rvlr,r xpaiuauu s nepexignoro exoHorvixoto po3rnflHeMo iHlexc [yHxana (lE),
-
Haltuupue BuKopficroByaauuil ixgerc flns eilMipoBaHHfl ropil3oHTaabHoi npoa6o iH,qexc AracrrrlinsUii
Secir,tHoi cerperaqii ra po3paxoBanilr,r CaoHcoHona (Swanson, 2005) Un 29 xpaiu. Peaynbrarr po3paxyHKy
l[ e VrpaiHi o3HaqarcTb, rlo 54,9% qoroeixie a6o xinox AoBenocb 6u gtvtiHuru po6ory, ulo6 qacrxa ecix 'lo-
11 3a Aauunl,t BOPC y 2009 p. 6nusuxo 23,7% xirox y He0opuansxor*y cexropi 6yfl[
npaqoBanu Ha ocHoBax caNtoga,4Hnrocri a6o 6e30nnarHo sa cittet,luux ni4npueucraax.
12
12
flnr
HailMaHt4N,414
npaqianuqrrur,l, rogi
rx peura (76,3%)
nopiennHHfl, eacrKa Har,tuaHrx npaqiaHrxin cepeA eonoBiKiB, sar/Hsrilx y HeSoptr,tansrolty cexropi, y 2009 p. ctauoanna42,5o/o.
floBiKiB,qopiBHoBana eacrqi Bcix xiHoK y KoxHi14 npoQecii. let,t noxasHutK Br4qe, Hix y Ionuuli (51%) ra
CnoeeHii (54Yo), afle Hilxqe, Hix y Sonrapii (55,1%), VropUrHi (56,7%), 9exii (60,9%), EcroHii (62,7%)n
CnoeaqeilHi (62,8"/"). Ue lae nigcraay BBaxar[, r4o s VrpaiHi uae micqe 3HaHHa rop[3oHTaabHa cerperaqin,
afle BoHa Hrxta, Hix y 6inuuocri xpain s nepexigHoro exoHoluirom. Swanson (2005) Br4Bqae annila BBI Ha
iqyuy HaceneHHfl, eKoHouriqnoi axrueHocri xiHoK, qacrKr4 Nicuxoro HacefleHHfl y 3aranbHoMy HaceneuHi,
piaxn 4ltrnroi cueprHocri ra pisHux noraeHilria ocei.reHocri HacefleHHfl Ha noKa3HilKu cerperaqii. Xora pe3ynbraril perpecii Aoeoni cna6ri, aerop po6rrb B[cHoBoK, u-lo ropil3oHTanbHa reHgepHa cerperalliq rvrae nosfirugHt414 3B'fl30K 3 TaKuM14 noKa3HilKaMil exouoruiqHoro po3Br4TKy, nx piaeuu exoHowi,iHoi axrileHocri
HaceneHHF, Ta HerarueHil14 3B'q30K - g inlruNr,r (racxoo uicuxoro HacefleHHfl Ta
piaueu 4urnvoi cueprHocri). Turu ue MeHUr, peanuui np[quHil si4ruinHocrer,t y reHgepHir,r cerperaqii utix Vxpairoro ra ixurr,rruu rpaiHauu a nepexigHoro exouonrixoro 3aniluarorbcfl BeflilKoro ruiporo ue4ocniflxeHruu.
3ar,tHsri xiHxr,r socepe[xeHi e rilx ceKTopax eKoHoMiKr4, [e rpalrUir,mo nepeBaxaotu xiHxr.tr Hanpurnag,
gei rperuHn ecix nparlroro.rr4x xiHox aocepegxeHi y 6rogxerHoury cexropi, 3oKpeMa e oceiti, oxopoHi 3gopoB'fl
Ta lepxaBHoury ynpaaniHui (46,1%), Ta y npoM[cnoBocri, rofloBHr4M rl4HoM xaproair,t ra nerrit,t (20,2o/o). AnanoriqHuru q[HoM, ualtxe nofloBilHa acix npaqoo.][x ,]onoaixiB 3ocepegxeua y go6yeuir,t ra nepepo6Hit,t nporuilcnoeocri (36%), y rpaucnopri ra 3B'r3Ky (11,2"/"). f x noragaHo Ha puc. 2.4, xilxu nepeBaxaorb y ceMu 3
14 sasHareHux cexropie, noquHalou4 s 51,6% y roprianira peuoHri r,t sariuryorN 82,9Yo e oxopoHi3[opoB'r
ra coqiaruuir,t po6ori. Ha quovry ManloHKy raKox noKasaHo, rlo cepeAHfl 3apnaara Buu.le y QiHaHcoaouy nocepegHr,tqrei Ta IepxaBHoruy ynpaaniHHi, 4e nepeaaxaoru xiHxr,r, Hix y ecix iHuux cexropax, u.lo gae nigcraey
BBaKar[, u.lo cilnbHoro 3B'fl3Ky rvix vacrxo]o xiHox y cexropi Ta cepeAHbo]o 3apnnaro]o B HboMy HeMae, flK
MoxHa 6yno 6 orixyearu. UlrarHi npaqieHilUi-xiHxu socepe4xeui nr y Hfi3bKo-, rax i y aucoxoonflaqyBaHilx ceKTopax, npilyorvly ixiHxu, r,t ,ronoeixil Moxyrb npaqoBaru y Ht43bKoonnatiyBaHux ceKTopax.
xiuor ra BBI-l xa Ayuy
100
80
60
40-
,0.
n.,
oEEE
3
o-
i-
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r1
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sr
gIHErE E E
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i s€3 E JEg E
E
q2s1xa xinox cepeg o6.nixonoi ximxocri u.rrarnxx upaqinxuxin xa 31.12.2008 p.
Cepegru:apo6irna rrJrara y rpyaui 2008 p.(npana urxa"ra)
Pnc. 2.4. Cerperaqin xiuox-urrarHux npaqieHuxia 3a Bil[aMil exoHoruiquoi ginnuuocri
ceKTopax
nopiannHo 3 cepegHboro sapo6irHon nnaroo, rpyAeHb 2008 p.
Ixepeno: lepxasHr4r4 xoruirer crarucl4Kr4 VxpaiHu (4aHi npo racrxy xiHor< cepeg o6nixosoi xinuxocri urrarHilx
npaqieHuxia craHoM Ha 31 rpygHn 2008 p., ony6nixoaani y crarucTt4trHotvty s6ipFrt/xy uflpaqs VxpaiHr 2008,, ra6n. 3,4;
gaHi npo cepegHuoruicnqHy 3apnaary no ceKTopax 3a rpyAeHb 2008 p. uaae4eni na car,tri: http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua).
llpnmirxa:
4aHi ue oxonroorb npaqieHuxie uanux ni4npre Mcrs i oci6, saraHnrux y SieurHux oci6-niAnpileMqia.
13 Ty, rrru Kopr/cryeM0cfl AaHINrI npo sa14Hrricru urarHLrx npaqisnrxie y Sop[4anbH0[Iy cerropi (Ha ocHosi ctatLlcl4vHoi eairHocri
cepeAuix i aenIxt,lx niAnpuemcra),iepes siAcyrHicrs 4anux B0PC u{oAo 3ar,1HflTocTi sa crarrio ra BfiAaM14 exoHouiqHoiginnrnocri.
13
Hapeuri, Heo6xi4tto noluBr4Tr4cb Ha BeprilKanbHy cerperaqiro, a6o Ha KoHqeHTpaqio xiHor Ha neBHilx
pieHnx npoQeciIHoi iepapxii. 04uH norLLr,rpeHur,t cnoci6 auruipoeaHHfl BepruKaabHoi cerperaqii- cnocrepiraTil 3a cryneHeu $eNiHisaqii nocafl B[coKoro piaHr, nxi nepeg6avaoru npur,lunrrn piueHu. Ha pr,lc. 2.5 noxiHxu npoAoBxytoft 4ouriuyearu y HaraxuxvoMy euJenoHi xap'epHoi gpa6r,1Hr,l r,t npoAoexyoru
pyxe He[ocrarHbo npe4craBneHi y er,tr4orvry xepiaur,tqrei. nlocryn yxpaixcuxux xiHor go noaHoi ra HenoeHoi erqoi npoQecluttoi oceirt,t cnp[fle ixuuowy 4ocrynoei go po6orn s sxocri cnyx6oaqie y raKux npoSecit,tHrx rpynax, nx npo$ecioHaru, Saxieqi, rexHi,.rHi cnyx6oeqi, npaqiexrxm csepr,r ropriani Ta nocryr.
ilpore, Haairu xoru xixxu gocflrarorb xepiaxux nocafl 3aBlnxr ceoit4 xsaniQixaqii, BoHil He 3aBX[14 Maorb
rari x yMoBl4 npaqi, piaetu onflaril npaqi ra nepcneKTrBil Kap'epHoro 3pocraHHfl, Rx Honoaixil.
Ka3aHo, ttlo
6yrm
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
{s
q
6
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Pnc. 2.5. Poono4in sar,rHqrilx,{onoeiria ixiHox sa npo$eciunilMil rpynaMr, 2009
€.
b
q
3.
#
p.
Ixepeno: lepxasHilr4 xoruirer crar[cn4Kt4 VxpaiHr,r (aaui B0PC), onacHi pospaxynxn.
llpruirxa: npo$ecit,trirpynil Bu3HareHisa MCKII (MixHapo4noo craHAaprHoo xnacu$ixaqiero
npoSecir,r)
2.2. Ten1en qii 6es po6irrR, r ruoe ipx ocri nepexogy
Mix cranaMr pnHKy npaqi ra AllPll
flaxi au6ipxoeux o6crexeuu po6oroi cunr (BOPC) s VxpaiHi rLlogo pieHia 6eapo6irrn, Bil3HaqeHilx 3a
uerogonorieo M0l-1, noKa3ylorb, u1o cepel.]onoeirie aiguiranocr ar,tqe 6espo6irrr (nx a a6conoruux r1r,r$pax, rax i a pisHnx)ynpoloBx ycboro nepiogy exoHorvri,rHoro 3pocraHHn a VxpaiHi (2001-2008 pp.), xova
feHgeprut,t po3pmB y pieHi 6espo6irrn 6ye ueHuut'r, ttix 1 eigcorxoeur,t nyHxr (a.n.). y 2009 p. qeu pospr,ra
nouupl4Bcg Ao 3 e.n., ToMy r]lo ,ronosixu, rorpi oaeeurara socepegxyrorbcfl B rafly3flx, Hatr6inuu gyrn[Bux
[o l-lfiKay ginoaoi axrreHocri (soxpeua y nepepo6nir,r nporraucnoaocri, 6ygieuuqrai, onepaqinx is nepy-
xouicrrc ra uagauui nocnyr nignpueuqru),6yru cr4flbHo epaxeHi exoHoNi,iHolo Kpt43oro (pwc.2.6).\e e
cai4.leHHnul axrnquxnirnoi npupogtt po3pr4By pieHie 6espo6irrn ruix xiHxaNu ra .ionoeiraMu, tL1o cnocrepiraerucn a 6araruox iHtttttx xpaiHax. flx peeynsrar, y cyKynHocri scix 6espo6irur,rx cranil qe 6inuue nepeBaxaril .lonosixt4 (59,8%), npilqoMy qer,1 norasHux pisxo s6inuuilecs nopiaunuo s 2008 p., Koflt4 r{onoaixu craHoBr4n4 6nueuxo 54% 6espo6irtr,tx.
14
Y AocniAxeHHi 0aponer,tcuxoro Qon4y oceiril (ETF, 2009) aigrocHo ct4flbHa nogrqin yxpaiucurux xiHor
3 Tor{Kil 3opy Hl4x.{t4x piaHia 6espo6irrr y 2001-2008 pp. norcHflrorbcn rxBt4AKl4M 3pocraHHflN ranysetlt,4e
nepeBaxaors xiHKt4, TaK[x flK roprienn, rorenbHo-pecropaHHe rocno4apcrBo, iHpt,taigyanuxi nocnyru, xapqoBa npoMt4cnoaicru, aerKa npoMr4cnoeicru i Harypanuue cinucuxe rocnoAapcrBo. Y AocnigxeHHi rarox ga3HaeeHo gyxe cra6inuHy sar,tunricru y 6rogxerHilx ceKTopax ie rpa4r,tr-lir,tHo Br4coKoro HacrKoto xiHox cepeg
safrHRr[x ra, eK npaBrno, Hhx.ii Br4MoT]4 xiHor r4ogo 3apnflaril Ta xapaKTepy po6orn. Hilxla nouupeHicru
6espo6irrn cepeg xiHox nopiaHnHo g ronosiraruil TaKox neBHolo tvtipoto aigo6paxye Hilxtly exouotr,tivHy axrileHicru xixor.
3.0
ti
2.5
u
2.0
H
1.5
g
Fi
o
o
{
ca
1.0
0.5
0.0
-0.5
f
15-70
poxin I
Pnc. 2.6. lengepHur,t
flpaqes4arrruir nix (xinru: 15-54 porin,
qouosixu: 15-59 porin)
po3pr,rB
y pieHnx 6espo6irrn, 2004-2009 pp.
[xepeno: IepxaaHur4 xoruirer crarrcrt4Kt4 VxpaiHt,t (nati B0PC),
llpuruirra: reH4epnur,t po3prB poapaxoaaHur,t nx pisuuqn uix
enacHi pospaxyHxn.
piennuu 6espo6irrn qonoeirie
ixittox
(ru-
cenunicrn 6espo6irnux aiAnoeiAHoi sixoaoi rpynI y aigcorxax aig earanunoi qucenuuocri exoHowti.iHo aKTrlBHor0 HaceneHHF raKoro x eixy) y ei4corKoBux nyHKTax. IogurileHu14 posp14B 03Hayae, qo pieeHu 6espo6irrn qonoaixia auu1ttfi,
nix xiHor.
AxanoriqHi apryMeHTil aipHi gnr nepiogy exoHolvri.rHoi xpusr,r 2009 p., afle ranysi, [e nepeBaxa]orb
xiHKt4, He 3pocraflil ulBu,que, a paAue cKopoqyBanrcs noainuHirxe, Hix rany3i, Ae rpafluqit,tHo nepeeaxatoru qoroeixu. CrocosHo Bnfl14By sruiH nonury Ha po6ory cilny Ha exouotvtivxy axr[eHicru ra 6eepo6irrn
xiHor cyracua exoHoNiqHa reopin npaqi nporHo3ye ABa eugutvti e$erl,r (Sapsford and Tzannatos, 1993). 3
o.qHoro 6oxy, woxe 4innr eSexr [olarKoBoro npaqiaHrra, grigFro 3 flKr4M floAarxoei .]neHil citreil
(sge6inruoro xiHxr,r) BuxoArrb Ha pt4HoK nparli, 14o6 KoMneHcyBarr srpaseHut,t [oxiA ronoeHux roAyBaflbnraxia (sge6irbuoro ronoeiria), Rxr4x 3einuHunr a6o nepeBenil Ha pexilM cKopoeeHoro po6ororo racy. 3
iHuoro 6ory, uoxe pinru e$err sueeipenoro npaqieHura: ronu rilnoi po6oru npaKTileHo HeMae, ro 6araro 6espo6irHilx npunuHfl]orb nouyK po6oru i nepexo4nru y craH HeaKTmBHocri, ggaxaoyil, tL-lo ixtti 3ycunnfl 3 nouyKy po6oru He npfiHecyru peeynuraria, a iHUi oco6r, sxi sa iHuilx o6craB[H yait,tunu 6u po cxnagy erouorvrivHo aKTilBHoro HacefleHHfl, He xoqyrb quoro po6uru. AHanig arperoBaHrx AaHilx npo sNIiHil'lilcenuHocri 6espo6irHux .lonoeixis ra xiHox ra iiHsoi exoHoNi.iHoi arr[sHocri ea 2008-2009 pp. noxasye, qo
eSerr sHeaipeHoro npaqiaHrxa nepeBaxae cxopiue cepefl yonoBirie (rinuxicru eroHotuiqHo HeaKTuBHt4x
qonoeixia s6inruunacn Bnepue s 2002 p.). EQexr AogarKoBoro npaqiaHrra nepeBaxae cxopiue cepeg
xiHoK, ane froro cilna, flK 3,qaerbcfl, goeoni Mana ,{epe3 ,qe$irlr,tr po6orux vicqu. Xora piaeHu exoxotvti'lHoi
arruaHocri xiHox y 2009 p. apic, Ue 6yno o6yrvroeneHo 3MeHUeHHflM garanuHoi .rilcenuHocri xiHox sixoN
15-70 poria, a He s6inuueHHRw xinuxocri exoxolvtivHo aKTilBHt4x xiHox.
15
0rxe,
aHanis AaHux npo 6eepo6irrr noKa3ye,
qo
Kpil3a He npil3Befla
[o
ct4creMarilqHoro geinuHenHs
g
po6oru 6inuuoi xinuxocri xittox, Hix .ronoeixiB, flK MoxHa 6yno 6 orixyaarm. Bpaxoeyovt,t, qo yxpaincuxi
xiuxu y cepeAHboMy Kpaqe oceiHeni, xix qonoaix[, rrruroaipricru pucxpurvriHaqii xinox Ha niAcraai ra4auoi
H[xvoi npo[yKT]4BHocri npaqi He3HalHa. ExoHouiqua Kp[3a ra eignoeigHura cKopoyeHHfl nonilTy Ha p]4HKy
npaqi annrHynu Ha xiHox i qonoaixia no-pieHoury, ane qe 6inuuLe noB'fl3aHo e aiguinHocrnur y posnogili
oar,tHsrux,{onoeixia i xiHox no rafly3rx, a ue aig crari nx raxoi.
Pauri oqixxm qopirHrx t,tNoaipHocrer,t nepexogy Ha pilHKy npa4i (radn.2.2) yrasyorb Ha sHa.lxi
ai4Nittuocri Mix ,lonoeixaMil Ta xiHxauu. Xiuxr,t BuxolflTb ig qucna oar,rHsrmx qepe3 npil,]rlHil HeaxruaHocri
ra 6espo6irrs .lacriue, Hix ,ronosix[. XiHxu raKox Br4xoAflTb is ,.tilcna 6espo6irxux ra nepexoflflrb y craH
HeaKTilBHocri
qacriue, Hix qonoeiru. llpore, irrr eaxre sHailru po6ory nicnn nepe6yBaHHe y craui 6es-
po6irrn ra HeaKTilBHocri - qet,t pe3ynbrar cnocrepiraerbcr npaKrilr{Ho y ecix nepexipxux xpaiHax (Lehmann
ra iu., 2005). Kpiu roro, xiHxtt g 6inuuoro r,tnaoaipHicrro 3afliluaorbcfl HeaKT[BHr4M]4 nporflroM poKy t14 AoBUE.
Tadn.2.2.
l4uoaiprocri nepexogy
Ha pxHxy npaqi sa
crarrm mix 2003 ra 2004
pp.
Pff
P,,
Pil
Put
Puu
Pr*
PasoN
0,886
0,041
0,072
0,386
0,342
0,273
0,119
0,075
0,806
lonoeixil
0,897
0,039
0,065
0,425
0,369
0,206
0,128
0,100
0,772
XiHxu
0,877
0,043
0,080
0,349
0,316
0,336
0,1 15
0,063
0,822
Ixepeno:
D
r
P,,
l{E
D
INN
Lehmann ra iH. (2005), Ta6nr,rr]s 11.6, pospaxoaaHa Ha ocHoBigauux Vxpaincuxoro AoBrocrpoKoBoro
uoHiroprnrosoro o6crexeuus.
llplmirxa:
U
-
6espo6irrs,
Pii (i, i=E, U,
N
-
N)-
qe tauoeipuicrb nepexoAy si craHy i y 2003 p. y craH
jy
2004 p., Ae E - sar4Hqricru,
HeaxrusHicru.
fiaui npo pieeHr AoBrorprBanoro 6eopo6irrr
(pr,rc. 2.7) gervroHcrpyrorb HaRexicru y 2004-2008 pp.
Hmsxigxoro rpeHAy l-lboro noKa3HIKa Anr o6ox crarer,1 ra 3ByxeHHfl feHAepHoro po3pt4By. y 2009 p. reH-
gepHrta po3pt4B 3HoB po3txt4puecn npr,r6ril3Ho rqo 0,4 e.n. vepes nipauqeHun pieHr floBrorpilBaaoro 6eo-
po6irrn cepeA lonoBixie ra 3MeHUeHHfl r-lboro noKa3HrKa flnfl xinox. 3 iHuoro 6ory, nourpeuicru goeroTpilBanoro 6espo6irrn Brula cepe4 xiHor: rracrKa xiHoK, nxi uyxarcru po6ory nporflroM 12 Nicnrlie i
6inuule, y earanuHita xinrxocri 6espo6ilrrax uyxavie po6orm, craHoBt4Tb 14,1% (nopiaHrno e 13,g% cepel
ronoeixie), a qacrKa xiHox is repuiHont uegar,tHRrocri 12 rvricnqis i6inuue y saraluHir,r xinuxocri 6espo6irHux, nxi pauiu:e npaqloBaflil, gopianroe 20,5Yo (nopiaHrHo s 16,9% cepeg qofloBixia). Tr,lrvr He MeHU,
ypaxoByloe14 Ha4uipue npelcraBHrqreo.{onoeixie ysaranuHir,r cyxynuocri 6espo6iflrr,lx, Ha Hilx Hapaai npu-
nagae npu6nilsHo 594 s 1000 npaqieHuxie, Rxi ue uaoru po6oru ra uyKaorb ii npornrou 12 Nicnqie i
6iluue. 0rxe, 6araro .lonoaixia (nx i xinox) yxe crrKHynilcs si eHa,{Huruu npo6neMaMI B nouyKy po6onr
Ta n0BT0pH0r0 npaLleBnauryBaHHfl, i eouu rvroxyru gani 3aniluarucr no3a yBaroo, flKll-{o ne 6yge HaAaHo
HaflexHy ra cBoeeacHy nigrpuNxy s 6oxy [C3.
16
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
I
0.5
0
-0.5
I xi"Puc. 2.7'
[xepeno:
Iptttuirxa:
r
a
H*
PiaeHu 4oarorpuBafloro 6espo6irrn 3a
,[epxanHr,tr,t
xouirer fiarttcr,lttvt
po3paxoBaHo nx pisHuqn
x
crarro ra
reHgepuura po3pt4B, 2004-200g pp.
VxpaiHur (gaHi B0PC), enacni pospaxyuxn.
uix piarnuu AoBrorpt4Bafloro
6espo6irrn qonosixia
ixinox
(6espo6irHi
exoeixy) y ai4corxoaux nyHKTax. lioguruaHilra poipr,la o3HaHae, Lqo pieeuu goa-
oco6[ eixoN 15-70 poxie, nxi uyxaoru po6ory 12
HouiqHo aKT[BHoto HaceaeHHflTaKoro
lexaeprni pmplrB,8.,r.
rvricnqia
i6inuue, y ei4corxax ai4 saranuHoi qucenunocri
roTpilBanor0 6espo6irrn .{onoeixia euuryil, Hix xiHox.
Posmn4aovu reHAepHo-cneqt4QieHy pisnrqro e pieHnx 6espo6irrn no aixoeilx rpynax, Mrr 3HaxoAt4Mo
craHoBr4u.le yxpaiHcsxux ronoeixie Ha pilHKy npaqi ni4 rac
xp[a[ noripulrljloce ctlrlbHiue, xix craHoBl4ue xinox (puc.2.8).lcaynti ai4uriHxocri y piaxnx 6espo6irrn
Yoroaixie ixiHox 3HalHo 3pocnil a ycix aironux rpynax eil 15 ao 60 poxia, s noNir6ilM g6ilur.ueunsN
cepe4 Hafruonoguux. 3aranoN, tuonogi ,lonoeixlt 3a3Haflil HecyuripHoro BnfluBy
exoHonri,JHoro cna4y lr cxopoYeHHfl nonilry Ha prHKy npaqi, ocxinuxr pieeHu 6espo6irrn cepe4 qiei
rareropii apic sig 13,1o/o y 200g p.
Ro 19,8% y 2009 p. BupiueHnn npo6nemu 6espo6irrn uonogi Br,lMarae KoMnreKcHoro nigxogy, B flKoMy
noeAHaHi: (i) niArpuulyroea eKoHoMi'iHa nonir[xa, cnpflMoBaHa xa e6inuueHHfl non[Ty
Ha po6ovy cuny; (ir)
oceirHs nonirrxa, HaqineHa Ha erpiueHHfl nilTaHb, noB'fl3aHrx is sxicro ra xinuricrxr ocairu ra nigroroexu
xa4pia, 3oKpeMa s ii eignoeigHicro norpe6au pr,rHxy npaqi Ha Hoai xaanisixaqii ra HaBileKr4; (iii)
nonifl,rra
tL-loAo sal4Hnrocri ra prHKy npaqi, cnpnuoeaHa Ha ni4auqeHHfl Moxnrsocri npaqeBnauryaauHn
6espo6irHrx i sa6esne'ieHHn ni46opy po6ol,t aignoaigHo go xaanisixaqii.
Ulo x crocyerbcr reHflepHoro po3ptlBy a piannx 6espo6irrn sanexHo aig piaHn ocBin4, ro ai4uriHHocri
Tyr B!4paxeHi He'lirxo. 0craHHiti,t eacoM cepeA .ronoeixie cnocrepiranrcn auqi piaHi 6eepo6irrn,
Hix cepeg
xiHox, y ecix oceirlix rpynax, xpirvr rpynr,t Hat,tHilx,loro oceirHuoro piaHr, txa xapaKTepil3yerbcfl Hr43bKolo
AocroaipHicrn AaHrx npo 6espo6irrr repes uanrr,r poervip eu6ipru (pwc.2.g).lxinxu, N qonoeixil ecix pieuie
[0IarKoBe nigreepgxeuHR rinoresr npo re, qo
oceiril aigvynr,l
Ha co6i esexru nigenqeHtr piaHr 6espo6irrr y 200g p., ane He oIHaKoBom rviporo.
Hauer,,r4i
piaui 6eepo6irrn y 2009 p. cnocrepiranrcfl cepe4 ronoeixie i xiHox is 6asoeoo
B4Llolo oceiroo, ro6ro si cry-
neHem 6axanaepa (16,9% cepefl eonoBixia ra 14,1% cepeg xinox). Kpiu roro,
oco6r,r si cryneHeM 6axaraapa 3a3Hanil Hataarqoro 3pocraHHfl pienn 6eopo6irrr y 2009 p. nopiannHo
s nonepe4uirvr poKoM (Ha 8,7 e.n.
cepefl qonoBixie ra Ha 2,7 e.n. cepe4 xiHor). 0rxe, Kpil3a crafla a Vxpaiui 6inuu pyr,1xieHoo He
4rn HanuexuL
oceiqeHux qneHie cycninscraa, nx y 6inruocri posauHeHux xpaiH, a gln 6inuu ocsiqeHrx,
6inruicru 3 flKr,tx
HoBaeKLl Ha pilHKy npaqi. [n cyneperHicru noflcHoerbcr oco6nreocrsMil pLtHKy
npar.li a vxpaiui, 3oKpeMa
Herpa4uqit,,llo BrlcoKl4M nonilToM ua Heraanisixoeauy ra HaniexeafliQixoeany po6ovy cuny, goeoni
Hfi3bKt4M
nOnilToM Ha M0rl0I14x cneqianicrie is 6axanaepcbKuM cryneHeu (nxux 6inuuicru po6orogaeqin
floci aaaxae
TaK[MLl, lI0 He Ma]0Tu auqoi ocBiTt4, Ha ai4rvriHy eig cneqianicrie a6o rvraricrpie) ra icHyrovr,rnr
npo6ecir,1noxaaniSixaqittlru grc6alaHcoM Ha pr,rHxy npaqi Hepe3 TpilBafly pecrpyKrypr,toaqiro eKosoMixr,r,
4evrorpa6irni
eruiHil ra noainuHy peaxqin yxpaiHcrr<oi cr4creMil oceiril ua uar4xi gNiHr,,l Ha pr,,lHxy npaqi (ETF,
2009).
-
17
60-70
I
50-s9
40-49
30-39
25-29
t5-24
-1
.2004 r 2008 .2009
puc. 2.8. feHAepnr,lr,r
Ixepeno:
po3pr4B
y piarnx 6eepo6irrn sa sixoeuMt,t rpynaMil, 2004, 2008 ra 2009 pp.
pospaxyHxu.
flepxaeHuta ronirirer crar[cn4K]4 Vxpainr,r (gaHi B0PC), enacHi
qonosixie ixtrox (ruIlpnr*lirxa: rengepnura p03pt4B poapaxosaHur,l nx pisHrqn uix piaHnun 6espo6irrn
HacensHicrn 6eepo6irHr,,|x eiAnosiAxoi aixoeoi rpynu y si4corxax eig saranuHoi vucenuuocri exonoruiqlo aKrllBH0r0
anqut,l,
qo piaeHs 6espo6irrn '{onosixia
ceneHHR raKor0 x eiry) y ailcorKoBilx nyHKTax. flosurilsH14r,t posprae o3Haqae,
nix xiuox.
fIo.{arrosa
3araJlbHa r{I4 HIIxtqa
Easosa
3araJrbHa cepeAH,
fIosHa
3afiIJIbHa CepeAHrI
Henosua BI,IIua
flosHa
BLIUTa
-20
-4
puc. 2.g. [esAepHr,rI
Ixepeno:
18
[epxaanura
.2004 r 2008 .2009
po3p14B
xon11irer
y piennx 6espo6irrn sa pieHnuu ocairu, 2004, 2008 ra 2009 pp.
craTrcrilKl4 Vxpainr (gaHi 0PC), anacHi pospaxyHxt't'
Ilpuuirra: rex4epHura po3pr4B pospaxoaanura nr pisHuqn uix piaHnuu 6espo6irrn'lonosixia ixittox (vttcensuicro 6espo6irHux aixoNr.l5-70 poxie signoei4Hoi ocairHsoi rpynil y eigcorxax siA aaransHoi,{ucenuHocri eroHolrliqno aKTltBHoro HacefleHHfl qiei x oceirusoi rpynu) y aigcoiloaux nyHKTax. floeurfieHilt4 po3pt4B o3Haqae, Uo
pineHs 6eepo6irrn .{onoaixis anulur,r, uix xiHox. Br,rxopucraHa HaqioHanuHa xnacu$ixaqin piaHie ocsiru.
AHanie Mero[iB nouyKy
p06orr,
u1o
ix 3acrocoByrorb 6espo6irHi e Yxpaini (puc.2.10), flo3Bonfle Bufl-
3HaqHi eigNriHHocri Mix,ronoeixaMil Ta xiHxaur. Hat,t6inuu pa3oea pi3Hr,r-U cnocrepiraerucn uix nepur,trvr i gpyrr,rM 3a nonynflpHicro MeroAaMu: xixrr 6inuue noKnala]orbcfl Ha EonoMory [C3 (48,9% y 2009
Bt4Tt4
p., 3MeHUeHHs s 54,8% y nonepe4Hbolry poqi), a MeHUe - sa oco6ucri ea'ssxr4 (25.7"/" y 2009 p. nopieHnno e 23.4% e 2008 p.). 9onoeixr x qacriue aiggaoru nepeBary oco6r4cn4M 3B'fl3KaM (39,6% y 2009 p.,
3MeHUeHHfl s45,2% y nonepelHbolvry poqi), inuue 3 g 30 6espo6irHrx,{onoeixie Kopr4cryrorbcfl nocnyrarvrr,l [C3 is npaqealauryBaHHfl flK ocHoBHr4M MeroAoM nouyKy po6ol4. BrropucraHHfl orofloueHb y 3Ml
rperir,t 3a nonyarpHicro uerog grn o6ox crareil, nprqoMy y 2009 p. r,roro nonynrpuicrb qe 6iabue nige[-
-
xiHox, rxi xopucryorus po6orogaaqnuu (rereeprur,t aa nonynnpHicro uero4), rogi nx tacrKa eo-
Uilnacfl, oco6flilBo cepeA HonoBixie. V 2009 p. cnocrepiraflocfl 3pocraHHfl
cn 6eenocepelHilrlr KoHTaKTaMil
roeixie, nxi eiggaroru nepeBary
qacrKr4
LlboMy Meroly, [eu-lo 3MeHUunacs. Hapeuri, nocnyraMil npuBarHux areHqit,t
aar,rHsrocri He,{acro Kopr4cryrorbcn
06illei crari, ane y 2009 p. BoH14 craflu
Baxaileiul4tM14 gnn ronoeixie,
Hix flnn xiHox.tn
Orxe, xoqa EC3 e [epxaBHilM aigorucreom, ai4rprruu
[nr ecix rpoMaiqflH YxpaiHu, eoHa vacriue npuxixox. Moxnilai noflcHeHHfl qboro gBr4ula Hacrynui: saggilqar4 xiuxr Nanru ueHu noryxHi ra
ennueoai couianuHi 3B'F3KI4, u-lo crocylorbcR po6orr, Hix Honoeixu; aoHu sipnru, ulo [C3 e eSerruaHom y
nigeuu-leHHi ixHuoi xonxypeHrocnpoMoxHocri Ha pilHKy npaqi, posurupeHHi Noxnfieocri ixttuoi eat4Hnrocri
ra nig6opi HaAir,troi po6orr,r y SopNanuuoly cexropi; BoHu noKnaflaorbcfl Ha AonoMory no 6espo6irro nx
Ha oflilH ig ronoeHux gaco6ie icHyaaHHn y nepiog 6eapo6irrr (roli nx ,{orosixr,l qacro noKfla4aorbcfl Ha [oBeprae yaary
xogu eiA aunagxoaoi ginnsHocri).
100%
80o/o
60%
4OYo
20o/o
l%o
E
fiepNaa na cnyx6a safr Hsrocri
I
I
I
OronouexHR npo po6ory s 3Ml
fl prearna arexqin oafiunrocri
tr Eeenocepegni ronrarru s po6orogaaqnuu
I lnue
Oco6r,tcf sB'raKr.l (gpysi, pogr4vi)
Pic.
2.10. lenAepni ai4uriHHocri y MeroAax nouyKy po6oru
(% 6espo6irHux, nri uyranr po6ory eil HaMaraancu opraHisyaaru BflacHy cnpaey), 2008-2009 pp.
[xepeno:
flepxaauuta xouirer crarilcrt4Kul Vxpaiuut (gaHi BOPC).
14 tacrxr ,lolosixis i xisor, nxi Kopr/cTyrorbcfl nocnyraNru np,4BarHrrx areHqir,l sanunrocri, y 2009 p. cKlraAaorh aignoaipuo 1,3% i 0,9%
Bi8noainHi IaHi sa 2008 p. craHoBrflTb 0,9% i 1,7%.
19
!i
sigtvtiHxocri uix eonoeiraMil ra xinxauu y Meroflax nouyKy po6orr ai4noeiganru rpa4r,rqiraHo eu3apeecrpoBaHoro 6espo6irrn cepe4 xiHox nopiaurHo g yonoeixaM[. Benil.]egHi po3pt4Bt4
tl-lt4M n0Ka3HIKaM
i
6espo6irrnM 3a Mero4onorierc M0l'1 cepeg o6ox crareil
i rLle
- Aaorb ni4craau BBaxaril, lt.1o crarr4cn4Ka 3apeecrpoBaHoro
6eopo6irrn no cyri xe aigo6paxae peanuHi uacura6u Llboro RBr4qa. Torvry i4eR, lacro noBTopoBaHa y 3aco6ax Macoaoi iHSopuaqii ra Ha ae6-car4rax perioHanrurx qeHrpia sar,tusrocri, npo re, r4o 6eepo6irrs a YxpaiHi Nae xiHoHe 06fl[g,{fl, e noMilrKoBoto, ocxiruxr4 BoHa rpyHTyerbcfl Bt4KntogHo Ha crarucrrqi sapeecrpoBaHoro 6espo6irrn.
rrlix
sapeecrpoBaHmM 6espo6irrnru
-
6inuuoto uipoto cepel loloBixie (pnc.2.1l)
l3apeecrposaHrafi
PE I
PB sa MeroAonoriero
MOII
Puc. 2.11. PieHi 6espo6irrn HaceaeHHfl npaqe3garHoro aixy sa crarro:
sapeecrpoBaHe 6espo6irrn nporu 6espo6irrs, eusHaqeHoro 3a MeroAonoriero M0fl
(y %
Ixepeno:
lo
exoHoNlti,{xo aKruBHoro HacefleHHfl npaqe3garHoro eixy), 2008-2009 pp.
[epxaeHilta xouirer crarucn4Ku Vxpainra,4onoei4u "Punox npaqiy 2009 p.", fiiarparvra
3ri[Ho s oSiqitaHrMu
5.
npo xinuxicrb 3apeecrpoBaxrx 6espo6irHilx s VxpaiHi, xiHxu eaexgm cra6inuuicrs cepeA Hilx. llpore, qacrKa xiuox cepeg 3apeecrpoBaHrax 6eepo6iTHt4x 3MeHUVnacfl 3
6inuu Hix 64%y2001-2002 pp.Ao 60,8% Ha rirequ 2005 p., a noriu 9053,4% ua xiueqs 2009 p. V nepuy eepry qe o6yNoeneHo 6insuru npilnnr4BoM .ronoeixie Hanpmxinrli 2008 p. ra 6inruuur aiAroxorvr xiHox
y 2009 p. (puc.2.l2).
AaHilM14
HoBl4Jil4
06crr [aHrx npo noKa3HilKil 3apeecrpoBaHoro 6espo6irrn cepeg Bil3HaHeHilx 3aKoHoIaBcrBoM
rpyn, nxi norpe6yrcru coqianruoro 3axilcry, ie pos6rnaxoo 3a crarro o6uexexrr,r. lg HaRsHt4x [aHilx
MoxHa oTpuMar[ nuue Hat,tHrxre oqiHovHe 3Ha9eHHfl racrKr4 xinox cepe[ TaKrx xareropir,r HaceneHHfl, p03pax0Byto'it4 ttoro Rx 3araflbHy,iilcenrHicrs xiHox is rpbox reHflepHo-cner1r,r$irHux rpyn,3oKpeua xixox io [irruu 4o 6 poxia, o4r4HoKr4x uarepie is giruuu go 14 poxia a6o Airurvrr,r-iHsanigauu ra
xiHor nepegneHcit,tuoro aixy (53 poxr,t), nogineuy ua rucenuHicru ycix 6espo6irxux, nxi aigHocnrbcfl [o
AecflTl4 rpyn, nxi norpe6yoru coqianunoro 3axilcry (sa euHnrxorvr iHaanigie). Hanpuxna4, y 2008 p.qet4
noKa3HrK craHoBt4B 63,3% (224,6 s354,7 ruc. oci6), a y 2009 p. - 59% (196,2 s 333,5 rr,rc. oci6). [e
noKa3ye, Uo !C3 npilBeprae 6ararsox 6espo6irHr,tx xiHoK, nxi nparHyrb orpilMarr oco6rilen4
coqianuHut,t 3axrcr, nepeg6areHilt,t eaxoHorvr, i qo qe, Ha AolaroK A0 Bt4u.le3ragatoi pisnr,rqi y uero4ax
nouyKy po6oru, e oIH14M ie ronoaHilx Saxropie, qo noflcHrororb rruceflbHe 4ourityeaHus xiHox Ha
o6nixy
20
[C3.
rrrc. oci6
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
il
'ii'l
2006
2008
2009
I
2010
i
-J(irrxrr
Puc.
3a
crarro
Axepeno: lepxaaHilra xouirer
2.1
-IlofroBirflr
2.'lucensuicru 3apeecrpoBaHux 6espo6iruux
na xiHequ uicnqn (rnc. oci6), 2005-aepeceHb 20'10 pp.
crarrcn4Kr4 Vxpainn, AepxaBHa cnyx6a sal4HRrocri Vxpaiuu
Puc. 2.12 fleMoHcrpye criIxe sMeHUeHun rinsxocri sapeecrpoaaHrx 6espo6irurx (i, orxe, xinuxocri
easeHfiris Ha orptrMaHHfl AonoMoril no 6espo6irro) y 2009 p.Ta y nepu:ir,t nonogilxi 2010 p., u-lo cynepert!4Tb reHAeHUii, sxa cnocrepiranacu Ha yxpaiucuxoMy p14HKy npaqi repes nororrHy exoHoNirHy Kpt/3y.
[e norl4HoM,
gailHnricru
ullpo
y
i ullpo
HaceneHuR,
stuiHaruut,
BHeceHuMr4
3axout,t
VrpaiHu
rcHoerbcfl, rofloBHr4M
garanrHoo6oB'r3KoBe gepxaBHe coqiansue crpaxyBaHHn Ha BunaloK 6eepo6irrnr, nput,tHnruuu y rpylHi
2008 p., ulo 3HaqHo nigailulfinu xopcrxicrs npaBiln peecrpaqii 6espo6irrn ra Ha[aHHfl 6eapo6irutltu npaaa
Ha orpilMaHHr 4onoMoru. Y pesynurari xinuxicru 3apeecrpoBaHux 6eepo6iTHr4x HanpilKiHqi 2009 p. 6yna
3HaeHo MeHuoro, uix [o noearKy cnaAy. Ui srvriHu y 3aKoHolaBcreo 6ynu eHeceHi y eignoaigu Ha rno6anuHy $iHaHcoao-exoHorvrivHy Kpr43y, flKa cilflbHo Bpa3una yrpaiucuxy exoHotuixy Hanpuxiuqi 2008 p. i cnpuruHilra sHaqHi SiHaHcoei npo6neruu y OoHAi saranuHoo6oB'fl3KoBoro AepxaBHoro cor-lianuuoro crpaxyBaHHfl
Ha Buna4oK 6espo6irrn.
Hesaaxanqu Ha qe B[Ar4Me 3MeHLUeHHs xinuxocri 3apeecrpoBaHrx 6espo6irHux, Br4Tparu Ha [onoMory
no 6espo6irro sa 2008-2009 pp. 3pocnil Hepe3 npilnnilB Br4coKoKBaniSixoeannx i, orxe, BucoKoonnaqyBaHnx npaqisHr,rxie. Bngarxu EC3 Ha flonoMory no 6eepo6irro s6inuuilnilcn y HowriuanuHux qu$paxua75o/o,
s 0,25oh BBI-I y 2008 p. go 0,43% y 2009 p. y pe3ynbrari aurparu Ha 3axogr4 axrilexoi noniruxu Ha pilHKy
npaqi (AI-lPfl),nxi t,rpaHiue6ynuHesuaruuuu(y2005-2008pp -yMexax0,10-0,13%),ueugxo(Bt4TicHt4fltlcfl, BunnaraMil AonoMoril no 6espo6irrn go pieHn 0,09% BBfl (HowiganbHe cKopoHeHHfl Ha 28,7"/r).
Hacnigox, xinuxicru yvacHuxie piauux saxoflie Al-lPll (ue BpaxoByrot]r4 noqarxoai roucynuraqitaHi ra
aHanori.{t-ti nocnyru) 3HaHHo cKoporilnacn y 2009 p. nopinxnHo s nonepegHirvr poKoM, B ocHoBHoMy 3a paxyHox xiHox. 3oxperva, xinsricru xiuox-yracuilr-lb nporpaMu npoQecir,troro HaBqaHHfl 3MeHuilracs Ha 43,9%
(rogi nr 3MeHUleHHr cepe4 qofloBirie craHosfino 24,8%), xinsxicru xinoK, nxi 6panu yHacrb B rpoMagcbKl4x
po6orax, cKoporilnacfl Ha 50,8% (vonoaixia -na32,3o/o), a xinuxicrs xiHox, npaqeBflauroBaHilx 3aA0n0-
fr
21
Morolo [C3, orueHuuflacfl Ha 37,9% (ronoaixia -na32.6'/o). Bnacnigox quoro suriHuBcn reHflepHrr,l cxnag
Hata6insu nonynflpHt4x eaxogia AnPl-l sa rinuxicro yracHuxia, 3oKpeMa 3MeHUilracfl qacrKa xiHox y earanuuit,t xinuxocri oci6, sxi npoxoAiln14 npoQecir,rHe HaBeaHHe (s 58,1 '/, y 2008 p. go 50,8% y 2009 p.) ra
6par lt yracrb y rpoMaiqcbxux po6orax (s 62,1 "h y 2008 p. Ro 54,3% y 2009 p.). f K noKa3aHo na puc. 2.13,
oxonneHHr uesat,tHsroro HacefleHHfl, rxe nepe6yeano Ha o6nixy [C3, saxopan,tr,t Al-lPl-l 3MeHuHnocfl fl1fl
oci6 o6ox ctatefr, np[qoMy grn xiuox cnocrepirarocn 6inuue cKopoyeHHr y npoQeciraxouy Haavauxi ra
rpoMa4cbKr4x po6orax, a MeHUe - y npaqeBaauryeauHi.
46.9
50
40.2
40
30
20.3
20
Lo'9
t.l
hE
t0
0
13'7
8.6 t.t
Xinxu 9oronixu Xinxu
flpo$ecifine
to.s
9oloniru
HaBqaHHfl fpolragcrxi po6oru
r 2008
XiHrpr
9onosiru
flpaqenlaruryBaHHr
.2009
Puc. 2.13.OxonneHHn HegafrHqroro
HacefleHHfl, nxe nepe6yaano na o6nixy
nar,r6inuu nonynnpHr4Mr,t 3axoAaMn Al-lPn g pos6nexon 3a crarrlo
!C3,
(y aigcorxax eig saranuHoi xinuxocri Hesar,rHsrrx oci6 sa crarrn): 2009 p. npon,t 2008 p.
Ixepeno:
aracxi
fiepxaeHa cnyx6a sar4HsrocriVxpainr (ra6r. Vlll.8 y s6ipHrrax
[C3
sa 2008 ra 2009 pp.),
po3paxyHKr4.
llpnmirxa: oxonfleHHfl eonoeixie 3axolaMr Al-lPI-l or.liHroerbcfl aBTopoM 3a HaflBHolo crarucn4Koto
xilurocri xiHox-yracHn-lb ra ixHuoi ,racrxr y sararuHir,t ,lilcensnocri rpoua4RH, nxi nepe6yeanr Ha o6nixy.
lanyaeaut,t aHanis npaqeBnauryBaHHF 3a AonoMoroo [C3 HesalrHsrux 3apeecrpoBaHt,tx oci6 y 2009 p.
81418148, tl-lo BuAaMu exouoliqHoi pinnuuocri, [e nepeBaxaoru xiHxr, e rpa4r,trlir,tHi uxiuoqi, argn ginls-
uocri, raxi nx ropriarn t,t peNoHr (63,4% sararsHoi xirurocri oci6, npaqeenauroBaH[x [C3), rorenuHo-pecropaHHe r0cnoAapcrBo (79,7%), $iHaHcoaa ginnsHicru (65,6%), AepxaBHe ynpaaniHHn (58,5%), oxopoHa
3Aop0B'fl coqialuue ea6egneverHa (71,8o/o), HaAaHHfl KoMyHanbHt4x ra iHgnailyanbHilx nocflyr ra
i
ginnuricru y cQepi Kynbrypr,t ra cnopry (56,4%), ginruHicru Aouauuix rocnolapcrB (55%). Har,lnoruirHiua
sNiHa y 2009 p. cranacfl y rarysi ocsil4, rL1o nepepBano rexgeuqio nepeBaxauts xiHox Hag roloeixaNr.
3oxpeua, qacrKa xiHox, npaqeBflauroBaHilx y ranysi ocairu y 2009 p., craHoBrn a 49o/o, ro4i nx y 2008 p.
qeta noxaeHux gopiaxoaae 55,4%. Lle uoxua 6yro 6 noecHr4Tr4 HerarilBHr4M BnflrBoM exoHolri.tHoi Kpt43il Ha
gocrynxicrs Kpau.ll4x po6ornx NicUr Ans qoroaixia a iHur4x rany3flx, u-lo cnoHyKae ix norogxyBarucfl Ha
paHiue Henpuea6nuai nponosuqii ulo4o po6orr a rarysi ocsiril. Paso[4 3 n4M, npiler4Ht4 qiei arrltiHr,t norpe-
6ynru noAaflbuJoro 4ocnigxeHHn Ha ocxoei crarilcTl4eHr4x AaHux ie 6inuuilrvl cTyneHeM geranisaqii.
Xo'la crarucrt4tlHt4x AaHilx npo yracuuxia nporpaM npoSopieHraqir,tHr,lx saxopia ra nporpaM npo$ecit,tHoro HaBqaHHfl s pos6uexoo sa npoSecinMil Ta crarrlo HeMae, ornflA Marepianie, sxi po3noBctoAxy-
22
rorbcfl y qeHTpax 3ar4HflTocri, Aaorb niAcraBy BBaxaril, rllo ui 3axoflil AnPn He 3aoxoey]orb AiBear i xiHox
go yracri y Herpaguqir,tHilx BrAax 3aHflTb (ro6ro y BuAax 3aHrrb, sxi esaxaorucs qonosiqrur). CnpnNoeysaHHs xiHox
y ranysi, 4e nigxpecnrororbcr rpalrqir,tHi
HaBuLrKrl, rt10 BBaxalogil xiHoeilrvl4, r,r ai4cyrHicru
cnpurHHfl s6inuueHHo ixnuoi nprcyrHocri e iHurrx ranysflx nocrfl]oe cerperaqim ra reHAepHi crepeoT[nu
ua puury npaqi.
3axogu si crruynoaaHHfl crBopeHHfl HoBr4x a6o rfiM,]acoarx po6orux uicqu rari sx rxr4poKoMacura6xi nporpaMr flepxaBH[x iHeecrilUi14, HalaHHfl Aorauir,t po6orogaeqnM Anfl Ha crBopeHHr IoAarKoB]4x
-
po6ormx uicqu Ann npaqeBnauJTyBaHHr 6espo6irHrx, nigrpuuxa 6espo6irHux y 3anoearKyeaHHi enacnoi
cnpaBu, 3MeHUeHHe ai4paxyeaHu Ha coqiaruHe ga6esneqeunn (Mandl and Salvatore, 2009) e Vxpaiui ue
orpilMaflil rarexuoi nigrprruru qepe3 3HaHHi 6ro4xerui o6uexeHHs. flenxi s nux aigrnageui 4o Kpaq[x
-
vacia (Hanpuxna[, floraqii po6orolaeUflM Ta nporpaMa crilMyn]oaauxn nignpueuHrquxoi Aisnuxocri),ts rofli
flK rx14poKoMacura6Hi nporpaMil [epxaBHilx iHeecr[Ui14 npusynuxexi, a 3araflbHtnil tnrap sHecxie Ha
coqianuHe cTpaxyBaHHfl Haeiru e6inuuIBcfl .
2.3.
lergeprm
po3pnB B onnari npaqi
Xova yxpaiucuxi xiHrn Kpaqe HaBqalorbcfl, Hix ,roroeix[, Ta yrBop]ororu 6insuicru cepe4 BunycrHilxie
BrdrL1r4x HaB{arbHr4x saxra4ie, y cepeflHboMy xiHxu sapo6nnrcru MeHUe qoroeixie. 3a gaxuNr o$iqir,tuoi
crar[cn4Kvr [epxaeHoro rorrrirery crarilcr]4Kr4 VxpaiHu ulolo cepelHuoruicr,rHoi sapo6irHoi nnaril urrarH[x
npaqiaH14ria 3a crarro, cepeguuotvticflqHa 3apnaara xiuox y 2009 p. craHoBr4fla 77 ,2o/o 3apnnaril ,roroeixin.
1677 rpn. nporu 2173 rpn. Pasour 3 Tr4M, no3ilTr4BHoro reugerqieo, qo cnocrepiraerbcfl ocranuiruu poxaMil, e 3ByxeHHr reHAepHoro po3pr4By e onnari npaqi s 30,7% y 2002 p. go 22,8% y 2009 p. (ra6r. 2.3). [a-
-
ua reHgeHqin eiAnoai4ae nparHeHHlo VxpaiHr locflrTil eassnexoi Meril cKopo,{eHHe reHAepHoro po3pr4By
14o/o eignoaigHo
Uiner,t po3Br4TKy rilcR,ronifis, Korpr4M Vrpaixa piuLyse BhcloBuna cBolo npil-
lo
go
xunuHicru.
Ta6n.2.3.
lergepxnu po3plrB y sapnnari a Yxpaixi,2002-2009
Cepegun 3apnaara
ronoairie, rpn.
CepepHn 3apnnara
xixox,
TpH.
pp.
[en4epnr,tr,t po3pr4B
y sapnnari, %
2002
447,08
309,75
30,7
2003
552,04
378,84
31.1
2004
707,01
484,71
31,4
2005
953
675
29,1
2006
1216
885
27,2
2007
1578
1150
27,1
2008
2080
1
565
24,8
2009
2173
1677
22,8
Ixepeno:
[epxaeHur,t xoruirer crarilcr14Kr4 Vxpaiur, crarucrurHi ulopiruuxr ullpaqn VxpaiHr, sa
aignoeigui poru.
15 qi nporparrltu 6ynra sigroaneri y rpaeni 2010 p.. Pa3oNr 3 rnu, ixnir,t BnfiL1B He cni4 nepe6inuuyBaru, ToMy rlo qe - aiguocrro
4pi6Houacura6Hi nporpaun nopierrro 3 nporpauaMI npoQeci14Horo HaBeaHHR 1a rpoMaAcbKr4x po6ir. Hanpurnag, y 2008 p. nvwe 44,7 rnc.
ocl6 (1,79% saransHoi,iilcenuHocti oci6, qo nepe6yaanu na o6nixy [C3) 6ynr npaqeBnauroBaHi Ha 4oraqiiui po6ovi Nicqr, i uesu, rix 31
Tl4c. 0ci6 (.1,24% :araruuoi,.rilcenruocri oci6 ra o6nixy) orpuManI oAHopa3oBy AonoMory no 6e3po6iTTro Anr 3anoyarKyBauuR enacHoi cnpasu.
23
[aHryni ra Teppenn (Ganguli and Terrell,2006) noncHororb 3ByxeHHr po3pr4By a sapnnari y
uuxHir,t noroeilHi posnoginy noKpau-leHHflM npolyKr4BHr4x xapaKTepilcl4K xiHox (ro6ro ixxix oco6racrux xapaKTepucl4K, rr1o Malorb BnflilB Ha npoAyKTuaHicru npaqi),3MeHUeHHflM BuHaropo[t4,lonoeixie y aepxnit,t nonoauHi poenoginy 3apnnar ra suiHauu y xaaniQixaqir,tHoury cxnagi erouoruiqHo
qe niIaruleHHs rvriHiuanuxoi aapo6irHoi
aKTilBHoro HacereHHfl. Ipore, Har,teaxnueiun,t Saxrop
nflaril, u-lo 3HaqHo nipHnno QarrurHNr,t uiHirrranuHufr poauip sapo6iruoi nnaru 6insue gnn xiHor, Hix
gnn vonoaixia, aigirpaoqfi TaKilM e14HoM BaxailBy porb y cxopoveuHi po3pr4By e aapnnari.
-
llpurrHu Hepierocri y floxoAax uix xiHrauu ra ,ionoaixaur a VxpaiHi e npe4ueroM raprH14x Ie6arie. BoHil crocylorbcfl tvtipu, nxoo B14qe3ralaHa uepiaHicru y floxoflax e pe3ynbraroM HacrynHoro:
pisHuUi y xinrxocri aignpaquoaauux po6orux roguH, piaHrx oceiru ra xaaniQixaqii ra AoceiAi po6oTil; Beprr4Kanuxoi npoSecir,txoi cerperaqii, flKy Hacro Ha3ilBaorb (cKnrHoro crefleo> repea ii Heaulurrricru; reugepHo-o6yMoBneHux eigurixHocrer,t ra au6opy, r4o r,roro xiHxr,r ra ,{onoeixil po6nnru crocoBHo yruoe npaqi r,r o6cnry eacy ra exeprii, npIcBflqeHoro xap'epi (apaxoeyovu reupeHqin xiHox
einuHo o6uparu Hu3bKoonraqyBaHy po6ory, ToMy rr1o xixxn eil4aorb nepeBary MeHU He6eene,iFri14
a6o rxyvxitLrir,t po6ori); HaA6aeox ea uxiAnuaiyMoBr4 ra He6eene,{Hi er4n po6ir, oa nxi 6epyrucn e ocHoBHoMyloroaixu; npnuoi rengepuoi grcxpuruiHaqii. Iiruarri (Pignatti, 2010) sHaxoluru eunipuqui
IoKa3h cerrueuraqii yrpaiHcsxoro pilHKy npaqi Ha $opruanuuy ra He$opuanuHy sar,tHnricrb, a raKox
gucxpr,rruiHaqii ulogo xiHoK, flKa eacrKoBo noflcHoe icxyrcrrr,l reugepuur,t po3pr4B e onnari npaqi. llpoTe, r-Ifl 4ucxpruiuaqin sgir,tcHnerbcfl He unflxoM cerperaUii xiHox y ueQopuanuuur,t cexrop, a,iepe3
pisuuqo y BilHaropopi sa pisHi 3aBAaHHfl y QopuanrHouy cexropi, pioxi ruoxnueocri Kap'epHoro 3pocraHHfl Ta BuKrloqeuxs xiuor ia c$epu Kpaule 0nnaqyBaHilx po6ir y eepxHir,t,racruxi npoSecir,rHoi
iepapxii.
V seiri nP00H (UNDP, 2003) cepeA Saxropie, nxi cnpnnors icHyaaHHm po3p14By a sapnnari a Vxpaiui, arasyerbce re, qo xiHxu, rK npaB[no, npaqoorb y rany3flx, Ae cepeAHe 3apnflara Huxva r,t
3pocrae noeirur-riue. flpore, Hau aHanig, npeAcraBfleHn,t xa pvc.2.4, He niprpruye qer,t apryueHT, eKulo He BpaxoByBarr xapaKTep poepueie y sapnnari no rany3ex. 3rigxo 3 [aHIM14 o$iqir,troi crarucr4K14 u.loflo sapo6irHoi nnaril urarHux npaqieHuxie sa rarysflMil Ta crarro sa 2008 p., aigHocxo eenilxi
reHgepHi po3p14B14 y sapnnari icxyoru y rafly3flx ia auqoo 3apnflaroo ra Hilxrr14M piaHeu xeSopvanuHocri, uix y cepegHboMy no xpaiHi, a caMe y npoM14cnoaocri (32,8% y ecir,t nporuucnoaocri ra
48,7o/o y Ao6yeHi14) ra QiHaxcoair,r girnuuocti (31,2%). BigriocHo ueHu.ri po3pltBr4 y sapnnari cnocrepiraorucr B rany3flx is 6inuu B14coK14M14 piaunuu ue$opmanuuocri (HanpuKnaA, B onepaqinx e Hepyxowicro ra HaAaHui nocnyr nilnpneNUnv - 7,5%) ra (a6o) Hilxrr4M14 3apnnaraMr, Hix e iHuux
cSepax exoHorrlti.iHoi 4innuuocri (Hanpuxnag, y pu6Howry rocnoAapcrei - -5,ZYo, nicoeomy rocnogapcrai - 7,5o/o, cinscuxorvry rocnogapcrei - 11,4%, oxopoHi sgopoe'a - 12'/o). !e osHarae, qo
aipuriHHocri y rany3eBoMy poeno4ini xiHo,roi ra eonoeiqoi sar4Hnrocri cnpunoru 3aranbHoMy po3pr4ByB3apnflariaVxpaiui.
IigcytuoayoH14 Br4qeBilKna[eHe, 3a3HaquMo, u.lo BpaxoByrcru icHyaarun r,t nourpeHHfl TaK 3BaHilx
(3apnflaT y KoHBepTax, (HesaxoHHoi cxeuu Bilnflaru aapo6irHoi nflaril, 3a [onoMoroo xorpoi po6orolaeqi y SopwanuHowy cexropi nnarflTb caoiu npaqiBH14KaM nx oSiqir,tHo 3a[eKflapoBaHy 3apnnary gaseilqar4 y neBHoMy rvriniuanuHorvry poswripi, rax ipogarxoBy 3apnnary (B KoHBepri,) i ueeaAeKnapoBaHilx floxolie ail HeSopruanuuoi exouoNiquoi ginruHocri, gaHi npo po3p14B14 y 3apnnari a Vxpaixi,
no6ygoaaHi Ha ocHoei oQiqir,tHoi crarrcrilKr4, cni4 rnyruaruru a o6epexHicrm. Kpiu roro, oQiqir,rHa
crar[cruKa sapo6irHoi nflal4, ocHoBaHa Ha crarucn4qHir,r eeirHocri cepegHix isenilxilx nignpueNcra,
He aigo6paxye rorHur,t posNip pieHuqi y aignpaquoBaHoMy raci, y o4creMax onflaril (s pisHr,rruu
npeuinuu ra Hag6aexauu) i y nogarKoBoMy rnrapi. Hapeuri, HeMae gocroaipHoi crarrcr4Kr4 nloNics,{Hoi sapo6irHoi nraru i aignpaquoeaHoro po6ororo qacy s AilSepeHqiaqieo 3a crarro, sxa 6 oxonmna
eaxnilei npo$ecii ,ril rpynI npo$ecir,t y BaxnuBilx c$epax exouoviquoi gisnuHocri.to
16 3a peaynsraraMr oclaHHboTo
AocniAxergs l-lP00H Lqolo rengepxoi crarucTr4Kr,l a Vxpaiiri (UNDP, 2009a, pp. 36-38), Vxpaini
r,t noLulrpoaalr gani npo rengeprrr,r po3pr4B B onnari npaqi ariguo a uerogonorien'eapocrary.
s6nparr
norpi6ro
2.4.
lxui acnexru lerAepnoi nepiatocri
HeaurigHe craHoBt4qe xiHor crocyerbcfl He rinuru onraril npaqi ra eat,tHnrocri (HenoeHoi eat4Hnrocri,
Hecra6inuuocri ra ueHaflir,tHocri po6orr,t), a r,r ycix acnexrie xilTTR. flx siAsHaqeHo y Axepenax l-lP00H e VxpaiHi,tz fepacrueHxo (2008) ra l'lPOOH (2003), inui npo6neMr4, noB'fl3aHi s reHgepHorc HepieHicro a Vx-
paiui, Noxra nigcyruyaaru HacrynHilM
e14HoM:
HegocrarHe npeflcraBHilr-lrao xinox Ha xepieHux nocagax y flepxaBHoMy cexropi, 3oKpeMa Ha
pieri genyrarie BepxoaHoi Pagu, tvtiHicrpia i e opraHax ruicqeaoro caMoBpfl[yBaHHfl;
HegocrarHe npeAcraBHilr-lreo xixox y npIBarHoMy cexropi;
reHlepHa pucxpurvriuaqin ua puHxy npaqi qogo xiHor crapue 45-50 poxia;
eenrxi reu4epxi Auc6anaHcu y cinucuxirlt Nicqeeocri;
uepiaHrra posnogin onnaryeaxoi Ta HeonnayyeaHoi gorrauuuoi po6oru,18 i, rK pe3ynbrar LlboTo, acuNerpin y 6anauci Nix po6oron ra ciruer,tHuvr xr4TTflM. Spax po6orux uicqu 3 rHyrKr4M
rpa$ixorvr po6onr ra 3py9Hr4Mr4 SopNaum ear4Hsrocri gnn oci6 s ciMer4H14rvu4 o6os's3raMr4 .repe3 nepeBary, nxy po6orogaeqi eiAlaoru perynnpnira po6ori Ha yMoBax noeHoi 3altHstocti,ts
npilMyuye 6araruox xiHoK, Rxi uaoru o60e'q3xil no Aornrly sa AiruNail a6o ittuutuu qfleHaM[
poflutHt4, eeinuxRrucs s po6oru, npalloBaril Hr4xqe caoei reaniQixaqii, nepexo4l4T[ Ha HuxHe
onnaryaaHi (ra, uoxnuao, 6inuu cylHiaroi nxocri) po6ori uicqn Ha yMoaax HenoaHoro po6oqoro qacy y n4x Br4gax Aiqnunocri, Ae raxi po6ori uicqn icHyorb, Hacro y xeSopuanbHoMy ceKl-ln fl]4cnponopllin y nigxogi [o oqiHoeaHHr ra Bil3HaHeHHfl eKoHoMirHoi npogyrrileHocri
,{onosixie i xiHox BnrilBae He rinuxu Ha noroqHur,t coqiansuo-eroHotvti,rHr4r4 craryc octaHHix, a
t,t raxox Ha ixHir,t craryc y ualt6yrHuoMy, cnpilqilHenrr,t poapueaMu a neHci14Hotuy sa6eene,{eHHi;
ropi.
reu4epHur,t po3p14B y nexcir,tHoNy sa6esnereHHi ra srocri
x[rre.
XiHxu oasail,rar4 nepepIBaorb
ra Hux!il14 eix Br4xoly Ha neuciro, Hix y vonoeiria (55 nporu 60 porie). 3 iHuoro 6oxy, ixun cepeAHfl
orixyeaHa rpuaanicru xr4TTfl npil HapogxeuHi nepeauqye axanorivHIr,t norasHilr Ans yonoeixie
uacnilor, xiHxu Maorb xilx,i1414 roeQiqieHr sauiqeHHn.qoxoAie,
6inuu Hix na 11 poxia.
r,rgyrra na neHcilo, Hix qonoaixil. Herar[eHi uacniExr qiei HepiaHocri exnoqaorb Hilxgy qxicru
TpyAoBe xilTTfl Hepe3
eignycrxr no AornrAy 3a A[TI4H0]0,
Ma]oTb Hr4xey onnary npaqi
fr
xurrR xixox nicnn erxogy Ha neHciro ra 6inru eilcoxr4r4 pr43ilK norpanrqHHfl y nacrKy 6igHocri.
flx aipsHarae lepacuueuro (2008, crop. 149), xiHru craHoanfitT0% 6ilHoro HaceneHHs Vxpaiuu crapue 60 poxia i 90% 6ilHrx oflilHarie crapue 60 poxie;
racnigxu Anr 3[opoB'n r,r geuorpaQivui HacnigKr4, cnpuu4HeHi HacmnucrgoN e ciut'i, 3oKpeMa
BeflilKa xiruxicru rpaBM, qo np[3BoArrb [o BTparil npaqe3AarHocri, ra cNepreflbHr4x aunaArie;
coqiaruxo-exoHoNi,iHi Hacnilxr,r uepianocri, sri ule 6irsue niAcunoorucfl pr43r4KoBaHon noaegixxoro ,ronoeirie ra reHAepHIM14 crepeorilnaun, sri nepeBaxarcTu y cycninrcrai.
1
7 http://www.undp.org.ualf iles/en-l
18 3a oqiurauu
1
592E0WR-prodoc-eng.pdf
.
M0tl, xinxr,l B yKpaiHi npaqoorb y cepeAHboMy
A0MauHrc po6ory (http://biz.li ga.net/news/E1 005225.htm1).
ra 4-6 ro4mn goaue, nix,ronoeixu,
RKlt1o BpaxoByBaTu Heonna,lyBaHy
19 Tpygoae 3aKoHoflaBcrBo a Vxpaiui He Ayxe o6raexynve B uboMy aigHoueuHi. 3oxpeua, y crarri 51 Koger<cy saxoHia npo npaqro
3a3HateHo. Lqo nipnplreucrao a6o oprarioa4in Moxe BcraHoBr{T,r 3a paxyHoK BracHux KorxriB cKopoleHy rpuraanicru po6ovoro yacy Anr xiHoK,
qxi i/aoru 4irer,r sixowr go 14 poris a6o guruuy-iraaniga.
25
[C3 e o4uieo 3 nepu[x AepxaBHux ycraHoB VxpaiHu, nxa iurerpyeana y caoit,t ginnuHocri npilHqrnu
pieuoro craBfleHHfl Io eonoeixia i xiHox. y 2000 p. BoHa npoAeMoHcrpyBaaa 3HaHHy saqixaaneHicru y
nigxo4i go sa6eenereHHfl reHlepuoi piaHocri, ay 2001 p., Koau ra6ye vuHHocri 3axou VxpaiHr,l nflpo saranuHoo6os'fl3KoBe rqepxaBHe coqianuue crpaxyBaHHg Ha BfinaloK 6espo6irrR,, noqafla nocrynoBo BnpoBaAxyBaru qeu nilxiA. fioerocrpoxoBa 3aAaqa quoro nigxogy noflflrae B roMy, qo6 noxparqrru HalaHHfl
rri uryxaoru po6ory, eigei4yroru HaeqanuHi xypcu a6o orpt4Mylorb eig [C3 iHuy goy
noMory, BpaxoBytou4 caoit,t ginnuHocri uipxyaaHHn qogo pieur,rx npaa i uoxnueocret4. Uet,t niAxig po3rafllaerbcr flK oflt4H ig saco6ia peanisaqii e$exrueuoi noniruru puuxy npaqi, cnpuflHHr piaHuN Moxlt4BocrflM
eonoaixie ixiHox Ha pilHKy npaqira sa6esne.ieHHs gamHsrocri 6inuuroi xinsxocrinrogelr.
nocnyr AC3 oco6au,
Heei['eNxiltvlN cKflaloBr4Mu nigxogy AC3 Vxpaiuur go sa6esnereHHfl reHflepuoi piaHocri e:
.
[C3 no iHuoro MilcfleHHr ra cnoco6y gir,t, exnoveuHfl 3alay
qogo piaHocri a noecnx4eHHy npaKn4Ky ra rpygoBi o6oe's3r[ acix npaqieHuria (raxt,lx flK nocnyr[ 3 KoHcyJtbryBaHHfl ra nouyKy nigxognuloi po6orm). Hoai npaqieHnxu [C3 npoxo,qrrb Ha3aoxotiyBaHHfl Bcboro nepcoHany
BYaHHfl 3 reHAepHilx nilTaHb
y paMKax HaaqanuHoi nporpaMu, pospo6neHoira Hagauoi lHcrury-
roN ni4roroexil xalpie ,qC3;
.
.
.
npil3HaqeHHfl npegcraBHilKa g nilTaHb pieuocri a ycix perioHaflbHr4x qeHrpax aar,rHnrocri;
o6'e4HaHHfl 3yct4lb pisHnx [epxaBHux oprauiaaqir,r ra opranisarlir,t rp0MaflrHcbKoro
cycninucraa, 30KpeMa [C3, xiHo,]ilx i tuonogixnilx rpoMa4cbxux opraHisaqir,r, npo$cninox, oprauisaqir,t po6orogaaqie, nonirr.iHt4x naprit,t ra iHurx aaqixaeneHux cropin;
HaAaHHfl xnieHrau
o6isHaHocri
Uolo
[C3
iH$opptaqit,tHux uarepianie
i
nocnyr ig meroo ni4emqenun
pieHn
reHlqepHoi pieHocri.
Axqeur raKox apo6neHo Ha 3naMyBaHHi rpa4rqiurnux reH4epHilx crepeorhnie a yxpaixcuxoruy
cycninucrai 3 Merolo cnpr4flHHr nporpecoai xiHox y cairi npaqi. lcrorHuvr eaeMeHToM qiei crparerii e
cninpo6irxuqreo [C3 a po6orogaaqflMu, HaflaHHr po6oro4aeqnu aignoeigHoi ix$oprvrar-lii ra npoBeAeHHr
rpeniHrie 3a raKrMil TeMaMil , , sr ufeHlepxa noniruxa ra p[HoK npaqi, ra "UJnsxu noAoflaHHfl reHgepHilx
crepeorrnia Ha puHKy npaqi". [e cniepo6irHuLlrBo cnpeMoBaHo Ha nigeuqetHn o6isHaHocri npo feugepny
pieHicru y Har,tuaxxi nepcoHany r,t ua po6ororvry rr,ricri.
Po6ora [C3 u]ogo piaHux Moxfl14Bocrer,r xanarogxeHa 3a AonoMoroo npo3opoi opraHieaqir,tHoi inspacrpyKTypl4. llo-nepue, y 2004 p. 6ynu pospo6nexi uMero4illHi peKoMeHgallii s oprauioaqii po6ol,r qexrpia
eat4Hnrocri u-logo sa6esneHeHHe reu4epuoi piaHocri, ([C3, 2004), nxi erogou 6ynm anpoaa4xeui. V Hrx xoporKo Bt4KflageHi npruqunoai sacaflr reH[epHoi noriruxu, nogaHi peKoMeHAaqii s HapaHxn in$oprvraqit,1Hr,,lx
nocflyr is reHgepHux nilTaHb,3a3HayeHo pflA KoHKperH[x nocnyr, HaqineHrx Ha rpynil, nxi Har,r6inuue noTepnaorb eig reHgepHoi uepieuocri (qe, soxpeua, xiHxu-po6oro,qaeLli ra po6orogaeqi a uucna Nono4i,
xiHxr, nxi uyxaoru po6ory, ra monogu). IepepaxoaaHi rarox ocHoeHi nocflyru s sa6eeneleHHfl reHAepHoi
piaHocri, ulo HaAalorbcfl repe3 Mepexy ,[C3, nogano nocagoBy incrpyxqiro cneqianicra 3 reH[epHilx nilTaHb, HaBefleHiet4ruoru,qo reHAepH[x ryrorxia, nogaui peKoMeH4aqiis opraHisarliira npoeegeHHr reMar]4r{-
20
Usta poegin no6ygoaanuu ua'Mero4r,rrHnx pexoueugaqirx 3 opraHi3auii
po6oru qerrpia sarirsrocri ulogo ea6esnereHHn
reHAepHoi
piouocri'(4C3,2004 p.), sanIcLli, nigroroaneHin lnHoro Son4ini 3 BepxaBHoro qerirpy sar.lHnrocri Vxpainr,r, Narepianax ee6-carria
periouanurux qerrpis oannrrocti s nnraHu peaniiaqii nonirrxn reHAepHoi pianocri, a raxox iHSopn,raqii, orpr.lMaHoi aBropoM 6e3flocepeAHbo
niA qac BiABiAaHu 6a:ogl4x qelrpis oarinrrocri y N. Kueai ra o6nacTi i cninryaarHR s ixHirur.l npaqietuKa[,lil Ta KnieHTaNlil.
26
Hilx ceMiHapie is reHgepHux nilTaHb. Xoqa qer,t [oKyMeHT uicruru 6araro Ha nepuutt norflRfl Kopt4cHt4x pexoueHlaqir,r, eiH ganiluaerucs [oaoni fleKflaparilBHr,rru i noaepxHeB[M, ToMy lt1o aiH 3ocepeAxeHnt, a nepuy qepry, ua SoprvranuH[x npaBax xiHox i ruono4i flK ypa3nilBux oci6, nrru cnip npu4inrru oco6nuay yea-
ry. BiH TaKox Haroflouye ua HalaHHi Heloporux iH$opuaqir,trux i xoHcynuraqit,tHux nocayr xisxaru i utoB HboMy He Br43HaqeHi cneqianuHi nporpaMil Anq xiHor i xpoxr,r nogurueHi Aii ea4nn eano6iraHHn
iftryrorir,r fexgepxir,l 4ucxpurr/liuaqii Ha yxpaiucbKoMy puHxy npaqi. Uer,1 nilxig He cnpflMoBaHmr,l 6esnocepegHbo Ha nifleuu.leHHn exoHorvri.rHoi axrileHocri xiHoK, Uo Maflo 6 npuseecru 6egnocepelHuo go pieuocri pe-
nogi, ane
3yrurarie, a
He
[o pieHocri
Moxnusocrem.
Kpiur roro, s 2004 p. y noniruqi,
crparerirx i npiopurerax [C3 aig6ynrcn sna,{Hi 3rvriHu, Hepe3 u]o Br4ue3a3HaqeHur,r noci6uux sacrapia. llpore, r/loro npoauanieosaHo y AaHoMy seiry, rouy rL-lo eiH e eflilH14M
oSirlir,lnr,rm AoKyMeHroM is nrraHu cnpilrHHr rengepnir,r piarocri y [C3. PexoueHgyerucn, qo6 [C3 a6o
oHoBr4ra qer,t noci6Hrax, a6o poapo6una anurepHarusxur4 [oKyMeHT, nrur,t xpaqe eipo6paauru ii HttHiuue
craHoB14
Ue crocoBHo
KoM
naeKcHoro reHAe pHoro
n
ipxogy.
I-lo-,qpyre, nnauu gir,t ra nporpaMil, cnpflMoBaHi Ha nigrpuuxy xiHox y npo$ecit,tHoMy caMoBt43saqeHui,
Ha6yrri Heo6xiIHr,rx HaBueoK, rxuirrr aflanraqii Ha puHry npaqi ra caMoBAocKouaneuHi y npo$eciuHit,t ginnuHocri, iHrerpoeaHi e yci repuropianuHi nporpaMil gar,tHqrocri. fonosHilrvrr 3aAaqaM[ Uilx nporpaM e:
HalaBarr AonoMory e a4anraqii xixox go perioHanuHoro puHKy npaqi, saoxoqyBaril ix
rrsHoi yracri y purixy npaqi;
cnprMoByBana xiHox ua xa6yrrn
cnpnMoByBaru
xinox ua
raari$iraqii, flKa Ha laHmr,t
[o
ax-
MoMeHT Kopr4cryerbcfl nonilToM;
noreuqir,tuur,t nignpueuxurrluxr,rur po3Br4ToK
i Ha creopeHHfl
BflacHoro
6isHecy;
pospo6rru cflcreMy coLlianuHoro naprHepcrBa g xiuoquuur opranisaqinuil rpoMapflHcbKoro
cycninucraa Ha reMy oano6irauHs Heneranurir,t rpygoaiI uirpaUii ra ropriani r]o[bM14, a raKox
aupiueHun npo6neru, u.lo crocyrorbcfl reHlepHoi piaHocri;
nileuu.lyear[ o6ieHaHicru npo npo6neuu, noB'f3aHi is sar,tHsricrrc xiHox, repes eaco6il Macoaoi iHSopMaqii.
3axoAn aKTlBHoi noniTlrc,r Ha plnKy flpaqi
l!06
nocri
r,t
auxonyaaru qi salaqi Ta BnpoBagxyearu noniruKy reHlepHoi pieHocri,
si uacryn u i n ocnyr[ Al-l P I-l :
[C3 Vxpairu
Hagae
Ha
u i r,r ocH o
iH$opuyaauHs xnieHris npo ocxoexi reHAeHUii Ta nporHo3r4 roKaflbHoro pnnry npaqi,
Ha po6ory cuny cepeg xiHox ra uonoAi;
B ToMy
rucni npo nonur i nponosrqio
iH$oplysauHq xnieHrie npo giori rpoNagcrri opraHisaqii, nxi HaAaors nigrpurvry xiuxarv ra
Nonopi, a raKox opraHisaqin sycrpirer,r 3 Hr4Mr4 npepcraBHilKie qux opraHigaqira;
iHSopNaUir,tHi, npo$opieuraqir,tui Ta KoHcynbraqir,tui
npaqeBaauryBaHHflM, B ToMy qilcni ga KopAoHoM;
nocryril, noB'e3aHi 3 n0uyKoM po6oru ra
nocnyril s npoQopieuraqii, soxpeua npoBe[eHHR cneqianuHux ceuiHapie i eycrpirer,r ie sanyeeHHflM Aoceip.ieHfix cneUianicria y cQepi oxopoH14 3gopoB'fl, oceir!4, ncuxonorii, exouoMiKt4,
n paB03HaBcTBa, no,qaTKoB0r0 3aK0H oAaBcrBa r0ulo ;
27
ncilxofl0ri9Ha niiqrpilMKa
r,r
ponouora y npoSecir,rHit,t aganraqii;
nouyK nigxo4nqoi po6orm ra [onoM0ra y npaqeBflauryeaHHi;
nporpaMil npo$ecit,lroro HaBqaHHfl (nigroroaxa, nepenigroroexa ra nigemqettn xsani$ixaqii),
30Kpe Ma
ua6yrrn Heo6xi4n
r,rx HaBu\oK
[nfl nolan buoi caNoaar,r
Hsrocri
;
TilMeacoBa gafrHsricru Ha onnayyBaHt4x rpoMaAcsxux a6o ce3oHHt4x po6orax;
npaqeBnauryBaHHfl xiHox is giruur eixorvr 4o 6 poxie i ogunoxrx uarepie is Airuruil aixorvl Ao
14 poxie a6o fliruuu-iHaanigaNr Ha HoBocrBopeHi a6o 3ape3epBoBaHi po6ovi Nicqr arigno s
3axoHolvt
Yxpaixr ullpo saraHnricru xaceneuxs, (3? TaK 3BaHoo n'Rruaigcorxoeorc xeoroo);
3axo4t4 ei cnpunuun ni4npueuumqrBy cepe4 6espo6irHrx y Soprui ognopasoaoi BNnaaril Aono-
Moril no 6espo6irro;
npaqeBnauryBaHHfl ua goraqit,tui po6ori uicqn gnn nigrpuuxu Har,t6inru ypa3fluBt4x xareropir,l
HACETEHHfl.
3ripto s 3axoHaur
VxpaiHu ullpo saraHrricru HaceneHse, (1991 p.)
i ..l-lpo garanuHoo6oB'fl3KoBe rqepxaBHe coUianuue crpaxyBaHHfl Ha BilnaAoK 6espo6irrn, (2001),6inuuLicru nocnyr, xpiu npo$inQopuaqit,tHrx, opieHraqit,tuux i xoxcynrraqiraurx nocflyr, i rpoua4csxr,rx po6ir (y er,rna4xy rxusoro Hagnuuxy)
sa6esneryorscR rinuxu oco6au, 3apeecrpoBauuvr y [C3 rx 6espo6iriri, ro6ro rpoMaEflHaM npaqe3[arHoro eixy, nxi repes ni4cyruicrs po6oru He Maorb sapo6iruy a6o inuux nepeg6aveHux 3aKoHoAaBcrBoM !oxogie i 3apeecrpoBaHi y [C3 sK raKi, rt1o rxyKaorb po6ory, roroei ra sAarHi npilcrynrru 4o ni4xognqoi po6oru. 0rxe, SoprrranuHo eci oco6r4, qri He Maloru po6oril r,r roroei npaqoBaril, Moxyrb 3apeecrpyBarficfl y
qeHrpi eal4Hnrocri rr 6espo6irui ra orpruaril npaBo xa uupurra Ha6ip nocnyr, 3oKpeMa npo$eciltre naBqaHHe fr npaqeanauLryBaHHr Ha Aoraqir,tHe po6ove uicqe. Paaorv 3 TurM, He Moxyrb 6yru et,tsHaxi 6eapo6irHuNr. 0co6u, nri anepu:e uyKalorb po6ory i He uarcru npo$ecii (cneqiaruHocri), y pasi aiguroau ix aig
npoxo4xeHHn npoQecit,tHoi nigroroaxr a6o ei4 po6oru, BKfl]o.taoe14 po6ory 14MyacoBoro xapaKrepy; oco6[, aix flKtrx MeHuJe a6o 6inuue BcraHoBfleHoTo 3aKoHoM npaqe3[arHoro eixy, ra oco6r, nxi uaoru npaeo
Ha neHcito sa aixoN sri4no 3 3aKoHo[aBcrBoM; oco6u, nxi eig]uoeilnucu eig ABox npono3rqira nigxognrqoi
po6oru BnpoloBx 7 AHie is rr/IoueHry peecrpaqii ix y rraicqeaorvry qeHrpi sat4Hsrocri flK TaKhx, tllo rxyKaorb
po6ory. Vpaxoayorm, u.lo Iflfl AeflKilx xareropir,t uyxaris po6ona - 3oKpeMa, oci6, nonepegHira repuit nesat4HsrocrirK[x nepeB[qye 12 uicnqia- rpoMalcbKi po6orr,r g ciqHR 2009 p. TaKox BBaxaorbcfl nipxognt4oto po6oron, to 6araro xaaniQixoaaHux xiHox, nxi noaeprarcrucs nicls rpNaaloi aignycrxu, Bt4Kllotalorbce 3 6ilsuocri nocnyr ,[C3, rouy u-lo BoHt4 eiguoeunucu aig gaox nponosmqir,t rpoMalcbKt4x po6ir, nxi
saseIqar4 e Nanoxsan iSiroaaruNr,r.
lHUe saxnilse n[TaHHF noflflrae B ToMy, Hu 3agoBoabHflrorb uagaeaHi 3axogt4 Al"lPll norpe6r xoxxperHt4x Tpyn, rxi sHaxognrucn y HeaurigHoMy craHoBr,ruli Ha praHxy npaqi. 3rigHo s 3axoHotvl VxpaiHr,r uflpo gat4-
xsricru HacefleHHfl,, (crarrn 5), yci nignpueNcraa 3 HrcerbHicro npaqooHrx noHafl 20 oci6 ao6oe'nsaHi
6poHnaaru 5 ei4corxia gararuroi xinurocri po6ovr,rx rrricqu (rax 3BaHy n'en4Bigcorxoey xeory) Anfl npaueBnauryBaHHfl npaqieHrxie is ypasnuenx rpyn, 3oKpeMa uarepie is girsuu aixorvr go 6 poxia, opt4HoKt4x Marepie is giruuu aixotvt go 14 poxie a6o 4irsNu-iHaanigaruu, flexiruxox xareropir,t Nologi, oci6 nepegneucit,tHoro aixy (53 poKr4 Urfl xiHor i 58 poxie pnn ronoeixia) i oci6, seinsHeHux is Nicqr nos6asneHHR
aoni.3axoHoN VxpaiHu ufipo ocHoeu coqianunoi3axuu-leHocri iHeanigie a VxpaiHi, (1991) TaKox BcraHoBneHo HopMarue po6orl4x uicqu grn npaqeBflauryBaHHfl iHaariAia y posNipi 4% cepegHuoo6nixoaoi ercerbHocri urarHt,tx npaqieHrxie (a6o oAHoro po6ororo uicqr, nrulo .rilcenuHicrs npaqoo.l4x - ail 8 Ro 25
oci6). [et,t saxig racro Kpt4Tt4Kylorb 3a re, ulo eiH scraHoen]oe Aflr po6oro4aeLlia neaHi o6uexexxs r,r Heo6xigHicru go4arKoBt4x Br4Tpar, ulo qacro uagae iu cr4Mynr4 4o uaHinynrcBaHHs 3aKoHorrl (ulnxour yuuxHeHxn ai4 t,toro ailxonanHn oQiqit,tHilM14 r.r14 HeoQiqir,tHuNu MerolaMu), a pesynurari qoro uae uicqe 4rc-
28
roro, floci 3afliluaerbcR eigrpururu nucra6insHocri gar,rHsrocri, Haairu nrulo po6oro4aeqi ece x Hat,trua-
Kpt4MiHaqifl rJ-logo Bylqe3a3HateHilx Kareropir4 HacefleHHfl. Sinuue
TaHHfl crocoeHo sxocri HaAauoi
oru oci6 ig et,tu.lesralaH[x
po6ol,t
r,r
Kareropit,t, saxilu.leHux 3aKoHoM.
Touy 6yno BilcnoBfleHo peKoMeHgaqin npo re, qo6 VrpaiHa sauicru Bilqe3a3HaeeHux git,t npoBoflt4fla
TaK 3BaHy noniruxy Hegucxpunrixaqii, sr B fleflKrx xpaiuax 0C, a6o npuHataNHi (noflirt4Ky 6arora t,t nprHnKa,,, Halaloeu npnui ru uenpnui cn4Mynr po6oroAaeqnu (European Business Association, 2008). IpuxraiqaMI TaKilx cruuynie e HalaHHfl Aoraqir,t Ha npaqeBnauryBaHHr (a6o cy6cttlitt, ulo cruuynorcru
sat,t-
Ta 3MeHUeHnn aigpaxyeaHu Ha couianune ga6egneqeHHfl.
[C3 YxpaiHu Harqae floraqii po6oropaaqflM npuBarHoro ceKTopa Ha npaqeBflauryBaHHR 3apeecrp0Bauux uyxaria po6orfi 3 B14u.le3a3HaqeHilx ypa3flt4Br4x rpyn, a raKox garirHilx xiHox i eneHie ciuer,t, B flKr4x 4ai ru 6inuue oci6 e 6espo6irHuuu. [rc nporpaMy goraqir,lra npaqesnauryBaHHfl qacro Kpr4Tr4Kyrorb 3a Moxnuei no6i,rHi eQexru, rari nx cycninsHi aurpal,r (ocrinsxu 6araro ogepxyaarin, MoxnilBo, sHar,lunu 6 po6ory He3aflexHo eiA loraqit4), eQemu
saruiqeuun (ocxinuxu floraqii Moxyrb npu3Becril Ao roro, u-lo flenxi nocrir,tHi npaqiaHrxu BTparflTb cBo]o po6ory) ra eSerr auricHeHHR (ocxinuru Aoraqii Moxyrb cnpt,tquHilTr4 s6inuuJeHHs puuroaoi yacrK14
nignpueucre, nxi orpuvrynru ,qoraqii, nopiaunuo o iHut,tuu), Uo He flae e pesynsrari o4uoguaquut,t ,]ilcru14
eSexr ulolo sar4Hsrocri (Kluve, 2007). Ipore, BcraHoBreHo, rLlo [oraUii Ha npaLleBnauryBaHHfl Moxyrb Maril neaHur4 no3ilrueHn4 BnfluB Ha gar4Hnricru i sapo6irxu KoHKperHux Uinsoe[x ypa3nilBilx rpyn, 3oKpeMa
nxqo ix noelHaru 3 3axolqaMil qogo npo$ecifrHoro po3Br4TKy, nilrorosxr4 xagpia i gonouorm y nouyKy ponnricrs)
6oru (Katz, 1996). Vpaxoayrcvu Ue, cxeMa floraqir,r
Ha npaUeBnauryBaHHfl a Vrpaiui ruoxe
6yrn eSexrma-
HUN iHcrpyvreHroM ea6egneqeHHfl sar4Hsrocri oci6, npaqeeaauryBaHHn KoTpr4x noB'fl3aHo 3 TpylHou.laMil.
flpore, repeo 6o4xerri o6NexeHHfl Ufl cxeMa BnpoBaAxeHa y Ayxe ManoMy uacura6i.
llo crocyerucn iuuux saxo4ie AnPn, To BoHr4 He cnprMoBaHi xoHxperHo Ha oci6 3 ypa3nilBilx rpyn i HaAalorbcn Ha peryaflpHiI ocHoai, eusHaqeHi14 3aKoHo[aBcrBoM Ta eHyrpiurHirvrr,r HopMarilBH14M14 [oKyMeHTaMil
[C3. Kpiwr roro, Har,t6inru e$exrnaHi nporpauu gar,rHnrocri oci6, nxux BaxKo npaqeBnauryBaril, 3oKpeMa
nporpaMu Aoraqirrrroi ear4Hnrocri ra npoQecir,rHoro HaBqaHnn,6ynu a6o npuaynuueHi (nx nepui), a6o gHaqHo cKopoqeHi (nx gpyri, [r4B. rnaBy 2.2) repea 6oAxerHi o6uexesus ra e6inuueHHr Bunflar [onoMoru no
6eepo6irrrc. Bo[Hoqac, 6anaHc ycepeguHi nporpaM aKrilBHr4x eaxo4ie Ha puHKy npaqi Halro socepegxeuur,t
HaTilMracoBilx rpoMaAcbxr,rx po6orax, nxie rpar,rnuoro rvriporo iHaapng rI MoxyTb cnpilflT]4 4oarocrpoxoeitt
Moxnueocri sar,rHsrocri ixnix yracHurxie. 3rigro s uarepianaur AC3, BoHa aKTilBHo cnpufle cauogar,rHsrocri
ra nignpmeuHyrqrBy cepeg 6espo6iruux xinox, ane Hepe3 pyxe Nanur,t o6crr uarepianuHoi niprpuvrxr,r (06uexeHur,r 3araabHoro cyMoto AonoMoril no 6espo6irro, uaflaHoi aanaxury) 6inuuicru xiHox norpanrflorb
Ha ManonpolyxrueHi po6on4 y ropriani ra cSepi no6yroarx nocflyr, rri norpe6yorb MeHUe noqarKoBr4x
iHeecrrqir,r, are sa6egneryrcru 6inuuuit o6ir Torigxm.zt
Ha gogarox Io qr4x rpa4uqiutuux saxolie [C3 Yrpaiuu poapo6mna fr anpoeagrna Hoei MexaHiauu, t4o
crocyrorbcfl reugepuoi piauocri, raxi sx reHgepHi iHQopuaqilrHi xyrovxu, reugepHi xny6u, uicqn ruNracoBoro Harnr4y sa 4iruNu, 6aruxu nxilx ai[aiflyrorb UeHTpr4 gar4Hnrocri.
lengepni ryroYKr{
3rigHo g uMerolu,rHrrMu peKoMeHflaqisNr,r s opraHisaqii po6oru qeurpia sar4Hqrocri u]ogo ea6eone.reHHfl reH[epHoi pieHocri" ([C3, 2004),y 2004-2005 poxax 6ynu creopeHi reupepui iH$opuaqir,txi xyrovru y
ceKTopax iH$opuaUii npo eaxaHcii ecix 6asoeux qeHrpie gatlrHsrocri. 3anexuo aig rourperHoro 6asoeoro
qeHTpy 3ar,tHqrocri, KyrorroK rvoxe ear4Marr xinuxa nonilqb ua creHgi evr y KHrxKooir,r ua$i e pisHoNaHirHuposruiqyearuce oKpeMo (saaeuvail y xyrxy), si ctonaur ra
rvrr,r inSoprrraqir,rHulr uarepianaul,r a6o
crinuqnuu. lonoeHa 3aflaea uilx reHgepHmx xyrorxia iHQopruyaaru xnieHria [C3 npo ixni xoucruryqit,tHi
npaBa Ha prHxy npaqi Ta AocerHeHHq xiHox i rvonogi y npo$ecir,rnira c$epi. lengepHi insoprvrarlirrrHi xyrosxonii
Kr4 Arr xiHox gaaerHara rvricrsru iuQopNaUir,rHi uarepianu (nx npaeuno, y Qopwri nucriaox)
eignoeipHux 3aKoHoflaBqilx axrie 3a HacrynHilMil TeMaMil.
x
-
i
21 3riAno g Har,rocrausiuoro inQopvaqiero, y 2008 p. xirixu cranonunn 43,2'k acix 6ereSiqiapia cxeur,t cauo:ar,lnsrocri. llpore, rliero
cxeMoo cKopr4cranucr n14ure 1,02% xiHoK, 3apeocrpoBaH[x nx raxi, r4o r]ryKaoTb po6ory (13,4 rnc. oci6).
29
.
.
.
[oAarKoBaiHSopMaqir4nnxiuor-po6orogaaqia;
AogarKoaa iHQopuaqin 4nn xiHox, nxi uyxaoru po6ory;
floflarKoaa ix$oplaqin 4nn oxpeuux rareropir,t xixox, sxi uanru craryc 6espo6itroro:
- 4nn 6espo6iruux oAr4HoKt4x ra 6araro4irHrx uarepie;
- 4rn xiuox nepepneHcirauoro eixy, nxi uyxaoru po6ory;
- gnn xiuox, nxi noaepralorbcfl Io po6oru nicnn rpuealoi eignycrxu
no AornrAy;
-,qnn xiHox, Rxi 6axaorb npaqoBaril BIoMa a6o ea rHyHKtlM rpa$ixonr;
- gnn xiuox, Rxi 6axaorb po3noqarfl BaacHy cnpaBy;
.
-
gnn xiHox-iueal igie, Narepia girer,t-iuaani4ie;
4nn
se in
ut
eH
[x
ai t4cu
xoeocnyx6oeqi a-xi Hox;
iHSopuaqir gnn oci6, 6axarcqilx npaqeBnauryBarrcfl 3a
KopAoHoM 3a
flonoM0roo npIBarHrx
areHUir,t garaHqrocri;
.
.
.
in$oprrraqin qogo gano6iraHHs AoMauHboMy HacilnbcrBy ra roprieni ao[bMt4;
iH$opuaqir qogo sano6iraHHs nparli lirer,r;
iH$opNaqin qogo 3[opoBoro cnoco6y xfiTTfl.
Kpiru roro, xoxHut,l 6aaoeil14 qeurp sar,txnrocri uae 6i6niorexy, ge e nireparypa 3 reHlepHilx nilrans. V reHAepHux KyroqKax, a raKox e iHUr4x npruiqeHunx qeHTpy sar4Hsrocri, posrvrir4eHi reMaril!Hi
nanKil 3 iHQopuaqieo, uio crocyerbcfl reH[epHIx n[TaHb, si6panoro cneqianicrauu perioHansHrx
qeHrpia sar,tHrrocri. fiocryn [o Ut4x rrlarepiania Maorb yci saqixaeneHi oco6u.
Xova pisHoltaxirui itt$opNaqit,tHi uarepianu y reHlepHux KyroeKax ra iHuux npuuiqeuunx qeHTpy
gat4Hnrocri AonoMaraoru nigarulyaaru pieeuu o6isHaHocri 6eepo6iftrux rpoMalnH u.loAo reHlepHLtx
nilraHb icoqianuHo-exoHotvti.iHr4x npaB xiHox y 4ocryni [o oceiru, po6oru ra nignpreuHn-lrBa, peaflbHa e$exrranicru qiei nporpaMu y cnpunnHi leugepuir,r piaHocri na yxpaiucuxoMy pt4HKy npaqis4aerscn
cyltuiauoo, nxu.lo ti ue nigrpuuaril axrilsniul4Mil nporpaMaMil Ha pilHKy nparli, u1o apaxoayrcru oco6nuai norpe6u xiHor i axqeuryrcrb yBary Ha niget,tqeuui ixHuoi slarxocri Ao npalleBnauryBaHHfl.
Sinrue toro, inocrpaqii Ha n[crisxax, ge xiuxn noxasari y rpalr,rr]ir,rHux uxiHoqrx> Bt4gax aaunru (raKt4x rK B'fl3aHHr, Br4urilBaHHfl ra iuuri augu pyxo4infle, npuroryBaHHR ryniuapHux eupo6ie, KpoeHHfl, Bt4KnaAaHHr roqo), a qonoaixil - y rpalrqit,lHilx u,ronoeiqux) BilAax 3aHflTb (sge6insuoro y npoMutcfloeocri ra 6ygiaut,tqrai), rx npaauno, nocilnooru reHgepxi crepeorunil il, orxe, yaisHrooru npo$ecit,tHy
reH4epHy cerperaqio. [C3 rarox Br4Kopr4croBye - srigHo s HaqiouanuHuru xnacuQiraropou npoQecilr
- Aesxi reH.qepHo-cneqilQiqHi Ha3Bil nocaA (Hanprxna4, (B'fl3aflbH14qfl), (Br4lrt4BaflbHt4Ufl) Ta (uBaH63,), xorpi a yxpaiHcuxit,t Moei He Maorb reHAepHo-Her,rrpansHurx aHanorie. Torvry pexorvenpyerucn, 14o6
Hayxoeo-gocni4Hrt,t iHcrrryr coqiaruHo-rpy4oBr4x si4uocr,lr (N. IlyraHcrx) eigxopraryeaa HaqioHanuuut,t xnacuQixarop npo$ecir,r i 14o6 nicnn qboro BilKopr4croByBanucfl reHgepHo-HeltrpanuHi Ha3Bil nocaA.
30
lengepni xny6n ra remarrrni ceuirapt
3ri4Ho s "MeroAillut4Mil peKoMeHAaUiruu s opraHisaqii po6orr,r rleHrpia sat,tHnrocri qoflo sa6esneleHHfl
reu4epHoi pisHocri, (8C3, 2004), y Ben14K14x ruicrax 6ynu oprauiaoaaHi leHgepni xry6r. Mera qux xny6ie
o6'elsaru 3ycunnn r,t SyHxrlioxanuHy cnienpaqro EC3 ig xiuoquuu ta iHuuuu rpoMaAcbKt4Mu opraHisaqismr
rqnfl HaAaHHfl sxicnoi oneparrexoi iH$oprvraqii, rl-1o cnpilfle sar4nsrocri ra yracri xiHox y po6o'1i14 cuni y norovHoMy eKoHoMirHoury cepe4oeilu.li. V rleHrpi noBilHHo 6yru 4ocrarHe uricr-le flflR nonrqoK io ,qoaiAroeo-iHQoprvraqir,rHnu uarepianoN, cronie g KoMn'orepaMr,t (1 po6ove Nicqe xoHcynbraHTa 3 nilTaHb piaHocri, Aexinsxa
rvricrlu gnn xnienrie), Nicqe Urs rpynoBilx 3aHflTb. B iAeani noeilHHi 6yru ecraHoaneui rene$oH, $arc, npilHTep,
Kcep0Kc, reneeisop i eigeonneep, r.t.1o6 eileigyea.ri N4ornu AilBr4Tr4cr xoporxi SinuNr Ha reHIepHy reMarilKy.
XiHrr,r 6epyru yqacrb y pisnorvranirHrx aKTuBHr4x nporpaMax putHxy npaqi, TaKt4x flK iu$opNaUit,tuo-KoHcynuraqitrHi nocnyru, cneqianuHi reH4ar[,.rHi ceuixapr ra tpeHiHrr, sycrpiri s po6orogaeqnuu. HanprKflaA, y
reHIepHilx rny6ax qacro npoBolerbcr cneqiaruHi reruaruqHi ceNiuapu gnn xiHox is pisHruu cneqianicrauu
-
]opr4craMil, cneqianicraur,t s xagpia, ncrxofloraMil, B[KnalaqaMr ra ycniururruu xinxaurnparli
ni4npuervrnuqnuu. Ha qux ceuiHapax i eycrpirax o6roeopororucs raxi TeMil, rK uEigHec ,qfln xiHoK,, ufl
ycniuua xiHKar, uXiuxa i cyvacHicru,,, uXiHKa y coqianuuo-noniruqHitt AyMt-lir, uXiHxa ra cboroAeHHfl:
oco6nileocri sat4Hnrocri xiuor y cygacHilx yMoBax>, uCxna4oei Kap'epil,,, uXiHKa, 6espo6irrn i npuaarHa
cnpaBa,, uflpeseHrallin po6irHurux npoSecir,rr, uCeuiuap ig garansHutx nuraHb sat4Hnrocri Ta craHy putHKy
csepr
-
-
nparli perioHy", u3ano6iraHHr HeneranuHir,t rpyIoei14 ruirpaUii, ropriani flloflbMt4 Ta eKcnnyaraqii Iilrs']oi
npaqi,, uPo6ora 3a KoploHoM,. fiifl .]ac raxux eycrpiqera xiuxr,r B.iarbcfl cauocrit,tuo uyKaril po6ory, cxnaAaril pe3oMe, esenueHo npegcraBflflTu ce6e na cnia6eci,qax ra cninryearilcfl 3 po6orolaBLlewtr. Tari 6asoei
HaBilqKL4 xt4TTeBo eaxnilai gnn 6araruox npaqieHmria n VxpaiHi, ToMy r.tlo BoHt4 AonoMaraoru ivt nerxo iHrerpyBarucfl y cyqacHe cepe.qoBull1e pr,tHry npaqi ra uBilflKo eHar4rr nipxoflnuy po6ory. KpiN roro, qo6 nigeult1t4Tt4 KoHKypeHTocnpoMoxxicru xiHor Ha pr,rHxy npaqi ra cnpilflTur ixHit,t cnpovtoxnocri u-logo npaqeBrauTyBaHHfl, y.iacHilqb sycrpirer,r yraru auanisyearu enacHi cunuuira cna6ricropoHt4,3HaxoAt4Tt4 npIqt4Hu Bnacuux npo6neu i cnoco6u ixHuoro eupiueHHn, nocilroBaril caruoposyruiHHn fr yneeHeHicru y co6i. lenxi xiHxr
TaKox eigei4yroru cneqialuHi ceuiHapu, cnpnNoaaHi Ha po3Br4roK ixuix nignpueMHilqbKl4x HaBilqoK.
flnn xiHox, sri ueuxaoru y cinucuxir,t Micqeeocri, nepeg6areHi reNarilyHi ceNiHapm s e$exrreHoro eeAeHHr AoMauHboTo ra ni4co6Horo rocnogapcrBa, oco6nileocret,t nilnpueuunquroi flisluuocri y cinscuxit,t
NicLleeocri ra sar,lHsrocri y cinucuxoMy 3eneHoMy rypr,tsrui. Meroo raKilx 3axo4ie e ni4euuleHHn npaeoaoi
Kynbrypt4 ra o6isHaHocri xiHox qo[o peanisaqii ra 3axilcry ceoii npaa npfi npaqeBflauryaaHHi.
Ipoeoprrucn raKox sr\4iuraHi ceuiHapu 3 reHAepHilx nilTaHb grn ronosixie i xiHor ra cneqianuHi
ceruiHapu rinuxu 4nn ronoeixie. Kpiru rpaAltrlir,tHr,rx ceNiHapia, qo npoBoAflTbce no ecit,t VrpaiHi, perioxaluHi
opraHiayoru cneqiaruui ceuiHapr y caoix perioHax. Hanpuxnag, K[iecuxt4l4
Nicuxur,r qeHrp sar,rHrrocri nponoHye xinuxa ceuiHapia: utllnRx[ nolonaHHfl feHAepHilx crepeorunia Ha pIHxy npaqi, (yracHrxu: uyxavi po6ol4 o6ox crarer,t, xiHKr4, nxi noaepraorucs nicns rpueanoi aignycrxr no
AornflAy, Narepi, sxi trlanru Airer,r eixotvt4o 6 poria, xiuxu nepegneHcit,tuoro Bixy), uQspsgHil,t eir i xap'epa,
(yracHuru: HeeafiHqri oco6r,r o6ox crarel,t cepelHboro eiry u crapue), nCoUianuua npoQecittHa alanrauis,
(yvacHrxr: Heeat,lHsre HaceleHHR, rre sMiHroe npoSecirane cepe4oBr4qe, goarut,t Hac He npaqoaanu, a6o
orpilManil HoBy npoSeciro).3apas eNU-leeralaHil14 qeHrp sat,tHsrocri arnpo6oeye Hoau14 npou[eHIep i npoQecin,, Meroo flKoro e
$opieuraqir,rHl,tr,t oaxig y Soprvri ypoKy Anfl yrHia crapuLrx xnacie
rleHTpt4 sal4Hsrocri TaKox
cnpocryBaru icrryrori cepefl Monogi leHgepHi crepeorrn]4 uto4o eh6opy npoQecii.
Ha gaxixgeHHr 3a3HaerMo, u1o reMarilrHi ceuiHapu u14poKo BurKop14croByrorucn [C3 i eeaxaorucn ii
cneqialicraNu rofloBHo10 reHlepHo-opieHroeaHo1o nocnyrolo, cnpflMoBaHo}o Ha te, ulo6 IonoMorTil xiHran
noflonarfi oco6ucri ra xynnypHi nepeuKo[r4 go yracri ra nporpecy Ha puHKy npaqi. Ipore, ixnit,t snnile Ha noeepiHry yracurxie uloflo nouyKy po6oru r,r nepcnexrreil ixHuoro noBTopHoro npalleBnauryBaHHfl qe He
oUiHoeaecs. OpuHa npoBegeHa oqiHra rpyHTyBanacfl Ha aHKerax 3BoporHoro 3B'fl3Ky, 3anoBHeHilx 6esnocepeAHbo nicns ceuiHapy, u1o He Ao3Boaflo ro,rxo or.lixnru grviur,r y MoxnilBocrex npaqeBnauryBaHHR yracurxia.
31
Micqn ilueacoBoro Aornflfly sa
flirrMl
V acix 6asoaux LleHTpax gal4Hsrocri creoperi uicqn grn ruMeacoBoro HarnflAy 3a giruuu, .t[i 6aruxil
eipaigyoru qeHrp sat,tHnrocri. PosMrip ra inui napaMerpu raxux ruicqu Ayxe 3anexars sig posrvripy
npuuiqeuun qeHTpy gattHsrocri ra iHrencileHocri pyxy B HboMy. V eenilxfix LleHTpax sataHnrocri qacro e oKperui xituHarm gi cronoN, crinrqruu, Ir4BaHoM, irpauxauu, KHt4xKaMil r,t xaHqroaapauu, rogi flK y Maflilx
gagailqat4 posrau:oaaHi
LleHTpax qe npocro crinequ ta crin,
"0cHdu-10H14t4,, 0fliBuflMr4, nanepoM i xuuxxauu,
npuuiuleHli, Ae Hesar4xsrilM rpoMaAflHaM, u.lo rxyKaorb po6ory, HaAalorbcfl iHui nocnyru.
llpore, garanuHut,t Saxr uanaHocri raxux flr4Tflrrux xiuHar a6o xyrovrie Hagae He6araro iHQoprvraqii npo
nxicru nocnyr ra ixnto xopucHicru. Xova [C3 B[3Hae, r4o 6pax ai4noei4uux flt4Tflqilx saxlagia a VxpaiHi e
B ocHoBHoMy
ogHieo 3 ronoBHl4x nepeuKoA gnn nigerqeHHq exoHorvrirHoro pieur xiHoK, noKpaueHHn Moxnusocrer4 HaBHaHHT xittox i yH14KHeHHR ixHuoro aigoxpeuneHHr y Heeurigni Soprur,r gat4Hnrocri, aupiueHHn qiei npo6neM14 Bl4xolllrb oa uexi noBHoBaxeHu !C3. V 3axoHi VrpaiHu uflpo sa6esneqeHHfl piaHux npaB Ta MoxnilBocrett xiHox i'lonoeixis" 3a3HayeHo, r{o opraHfi ailxoHaevoi Bna4u ra opraHil uicqeeoro caMoBprAyBaHHn B
Mexax caoei xoMnereuqii sa6esneeylorb 4ocrynHi nocayru 3 flotnflfly sa 4iruuu (crarrn 1 2), a po6orolaaqi
3o6oa's3aHi sa6eaneryearu xiHxau i ,ronoeixaM Noxn,reicrs cyvrir4aru rpyAoBy
is ciMer4Ht4[44
4irnuuicru
o6oa'RexaMil. [1pore, auia quouy3axoHi, aHiafiepxaexir,r nporparvioa6egne,]eHHr reHgepuoipienocrieyr-
paiHcrxoNy cycninucrei
qux n0noxeHb.
lo
2010 p. ne axagaHi roHxperui nponosuqii npo re, sx sa6esneqilril
0qixrr feHAepHoro BnrtlBy ra
noKa3HxKx pe3yrrbraruaxocri, npra'Roaxi Ao
Bt4KoHaHHfl
crari y AG3
lle ogHieo icrorxoto nepeAyMoBoro ycniuroi peanisaqii KoMnfleKcHoro reHflepHoro nigxogy e c[creMarilqHa oqiHxa reHAepHoro BnnilBy ra uouiropuur i oqirra 3axoAia, yxt4Tr4x ycirvra ypnAoBuMr4 opraHaMil
Ta [epxaBHruu eigowcreamu (EC, 2007). OrliHxa reHgepHoro BnflfiBy flonoMarae Bil3Haqrril, r]u Mae
nolirura a6o nporpama, qo nepeaipflerbcfl, nogilrileHi a6o HerarileHi uacnigxr,r 3 ToLtKt4 3opy cnpilflHHfl reHgepuit,t piaHocri il, orxe, qil Moxe BoHa BrKopr4croByBarilcfl 4nr nigarqeHus sxocri ra e$exruauocri poepo6neuun noniruxur.
[C3 sapas BnpoBagxye cilcreMy utouiroprHry i oqiuxn, cnpflMoBaHy xa eruipneaHHfl Bnn[By pisHux
nOnoxeHb u-10[0 cnpilflHHr reH.qepHir,t piaHocri Ta ycyHeHHr icnyrcroi uepiaHocri. BoHa uae BKnogar[ nocraHoBKy qinel,t tLlo,qo pieuux npae i uoxrIeocrer4, Br43HayeHHfl KoHKperHilx noniruqHux saxo4ie Anfl flocflrHeHHfl
l-114x
qineta i aupo6lenun cyrynHocri noxasHr4xia, nxi nuxopncroByBarilMyrbcr rK erafloH, sa nxuur 6y-
ge oqiHoeart,tcR e$exrueticru pisHux saxogia.
Ha eaxixqeHufl 3a3HatlfiMo, tl1o s 2001 p.[C3 loKnafla 3ycrnb i et,trparl,tna pecypct4 Ha cnpilflHHR reH4epHit,t pieHocri. Tutu He MeHU, e pn4 npo6neM, nilraHHfl empiueuHn Korpt4x !C3 cnig po3rflflHyl4 Iafl noAanbuOrO noKpau-leHHfl pe3yabrarilBHocri caoei po6oru 3 TorKr4 3opy AocrrHeHHfl reH4epHoi pianocri.
npo6neNN eaana.ieHi
.
32
[i
H
r4xqe:
Heo6xi[Ho nigrorysaru oHoBneHy eepciro noci6suxa
"MeroArsHi peKoMeHlaqii e opraHisaqii
qelrpia sal4Hsrocri ulo,qo sa6eaneeeHHfl reHgepnoi piaHocri,, HanucaHoro rUe y 2004 p., BKlloH14Btu14 [o Hboro 3MiHt4, qo aig6ynucn a raqiouansHira texgepHilt nonil,tqi Ta nporpaMax nicns
2004 p.;
norpe6ye nepernnAy 3Micr ialocrpaqi14 Ha rilcriBKax, HaApyKoBaHilx i po3noBc]oAXeHilx y [C3,
3 Meroo 3ano6iraHHr yrBeppxeHHlo crepeorunie npo rpaprqir,tHo xiHoqira yonosiqi npo$ecii;
cni4 nepernnHyril nopflAoK HaAaHHfl coqianurux nocnyr 3 r[cfla aKTilBHr4x eaxogie noniruxu ra
pr,rHxy npaqi, aAxe 6inuuicrb 3 H14x uapasi auxnageHi y reHAepHo-Her/lrpanuHrx sopruynnaauHnx i He HaqireHi Ha crarb, flKa 3Haxo4r4Tbcfl
npaqi, ro6ro Ha xiHox;
norpe6ye nepernflly 3aKoHo[aBcrBo,
rl-1o
y Har,r6inuu HeerrigHolvry craHoeuu.li
peryn]oe ginnuHicru
Ha puHKy
[C3, ra iHuii noa's3aHi xopua-
Tr4BHo-npaBoei gorynlteHru 3 Merolo npilBeleHHr ix y
aiflnoeilxicru go 3aKoHoAaBcrBa 3 nilTaHb
ga6egneseHHr piaHrx npae i Moxn4Bocrelt xiHox i ,{onosixie, nprr,tHnroro e VxpaiHi, ra
aignoeigHux eaxoAie gepxaauoi noniruru;
xinura KoHKperHilx saxo4ie Moxyrb Mar[ reHAepHfir,t ennils (ro6ro reMaru.{Hi ceuiHapu gnn
xiHox a6o ronoaixie), ane oqiHox reHAepHoro Bnn[By HeMae;
[o reHgepHoi piaHocri, 3anpoBagxexrr,r y [C3, o6uexeurra piauicro craBneHHfl, 3ocepegxylolr4cb Ha QopNanrHilx npaBax xiHox qr npaqiauuqu i ua piauoury gocryni qonoaixie i
xinox 4o nocnyr [C3. Uer,t nigxi4 no6y4osaHI14 ua npuHqrni iHxnogueHocri, sxoro Aorp14Myerbcfl MOll, ane r,toro xpurrxyrcTb, ToMy rLlo eiH He Moxe eSexrueuo ycyBarfi eigvriHuocri y
niAxi4
norpe6ax, HaBileKax i Aoceili ,{onoeixie ra xiuox i ue srrlteuuye icHyrori Hegonixu. iloro cni4 4o-
noBHoBaril
n03ilTr4BH14Mu
[inuu, xorpi craopo]orb
yMoB14,
qo
r,tuoeipuiue npueae4yrb flo
pieHnx pesynurarie y Moxn14BocrRx ear4Hsrocri rll nigroroaxu xagpia;
Ue He BnpoBaAXeHo cr4creMy Noxiropuxry i orliuru, cnpflMoBaHy Ha euruipoeaHHfl BnflilBy
pisHr,rx HalaBaHilx 6espo6irHuur nocnyr 3a[ar cnpuflHHe reHAepHir,t piauocrira ycyxeuxn icryoroi HepieHocri Ha puHxy npaqi.
33
l!06 oqiuuru Qaxruruy
pe3ynbrar[BHicru rer4epuoi norirrxu, nepep6aveHoi [C3 VxpaiHu, 3 ToeKt4 30py cnprflHHf reugepuita pieuocrira 3agoBoneHHn norpe6 xnieHrie [C3, y 6epesui-xeirHi 2010 p. ynepue B
Yxpaixi 6yno npoae4ero coqionorivHe onrryeaHHfl Tpbox qinuoeux rpyn - a caMe KoHcyflbraHTie [C3, rLtyxaria po6oru ra po6oro4aaqie (uerogonorin onuryeaHHR i noa'RsaHi s Hr4rvr o6uexeurs o6roeopnorucn y
Eo4arxy). Pesynsraru axanisyorucn ryr oKpeMo gls xoxnoi 3 Tpbox rpyn pecnoH4eHrie, nicns qoro aoHur
nipcyruoeyorbcfl y 3aKnoqH[x 3ayBaxeHHfl x.
4.1. Pesynbrarlr orr,rryBaHHn: cneqianicru 4Cazz
3rigHo s aignoeignur cneqianicrie ycix onrraHrx 6asoeilx qeurpie ear,tHsrocri sciei VxpaiHu (34 UeHTp[), 23,rorosiru ra xiuxr,r, 3apeecrpoBaHi a qilx Nricqeailx qeHTpax gar,tusrocri, Maorb pieuonpaaHt,tr,r gocryn [o pisxux aKTuBHr4x gaxolia Ha puHKy npaqi, soxpeMa Ao nporpaM HaBqaHHr r,r cauoaar,rHsrocri, i, rK
Hr4Mn pisHoro rrriporo. BogHorac, 6 is 34 pecnougeuriB 3ra4anil, u-lo peanigallin
cxeMil caMosar4HRrocri ua ocHoei oAHopa3oBoi sunnar[ AonoMoril no 6eapo6irrrc uapaei npil3yn]4HeHa qepes 6rc4xerHi o6uexeHufl B pe3yflbrari uuHiluHuoi SiHaHcoao-eroHoNi,.rHoi xpuer.
3gaerbce, Kopr4crytorbcfl
AHaris eiAnoaiAer4 npo uaneuicru pisnouauirHux nocnyr iuarepiaria, noB'fl3aHr4x ierenpepou (radn.
4.1), noxasye, u.lo Har,t6inbu nouIpeHi HagaaaHi nocflyril - qe uarepianil reHlepHux ryrorxia. BoHu HasaHi e ycix onurauux qeHTpax sar4Hsrocri i eeaxalorucr Ayxe KopL4cH14M14 nepeBaxHoto 6inuuicrm pecnoHgeHrie-cneqianicrie ,[C3. lHua nouilpeHa nocayra B onilTaHilx qeHTpax sar4Hsrocri - [r1TflHa xivHara
r+4 KyrotioK, flKy raKox BBaxaorb gyxe Kopr4cHoro rpr4 raepri onilTaHilx cneqianicrie
[C3. 3 iHuoro 6oxy,
raxi eaxnilei nocryru, nx oprauieoeaHNr,t gornng sa fliruMil yracHuxia HaBeanbHilx nporpaM i rpouagcuxr,rx po6ir, gocrynHi rinuxu y [Box is 34 on[raHux qeurpie 3ar,tHRrocri, npilyoMy xaait qi gea eunagKil 3Aarorbcfl Hepenpe3eHTarilBHr4Mr4, BpaxoByroyr4, u.lo EC3 Yrpaium He ynoBHoBaxeHa HaAaBaril nocnyr[ TaKor0 Tuny.
22 Kinuricrs cnocrepexeHb - 34. 0nr.rcoea crarncTfiKa er,l6ipxr.r uaaegeua y
logarxy (ra6n. A.5, A.6). VpaxoeyrorI AoBoni r\ranur po3N4ip
or,r6ipxr,r (34 s 654 6asosr4x qeurpia sauHnrocri), qe onuryaaHur e cxopiue nKicHoro, a re xinrxictroro oqiHxoro girnrnocri AC3 y cQepi
KoN,rnneKcHoro feHAepHoro nigxogy. Orxe, eci qu$pr.r, no4ari y po3Aifii 4.1, cniA rpaKryBarr4 a o6epexricrrc.
23 Xo,ra 6yno xinrxa ennagxia, xonu orpeNi aHKeTu 3an0BHroBaflIlcB
AB0ura-H0mpnra cneqianicTaur14 o.qHoro 6a3oBoro qeHTpy 3ar4HflTocTi,
rinuxn opny aHKery 3 Koxloro 6asosoro qeHrpy. Torvry xinuxicru pecnoHAeHTiB gopienroe xinuxocri onL4TaHrlx 6asoerx qeHrpie
Mu 3anIuaoMo
aafrHsrocri e ocraro,.rHifr al,t6ipqi, ro6ro 34.
34
Ta6n.4.1.
HansHicru noclyr i uarepianis, noB'f3aHrx io fexgepom, y 6agosrx qeHTpax safiHsrocri
ra iinn ropucxicru gnn uyxaria po6oru 3 roqxl sopy iinuoro Aocryny no nporpam AllPfl
Ta noAanbuoi salHnrocri
Cryniuu xopucuocri
[C3
HaneHict
KoHcynuraqii oKpeMoro
cneqianicra 3 n[TaHb
50%
52,6Yo
42,1Yo
100%
62,5Yo
37,5%
50%
61,1%
38,9%
67,6Yo
75%
20,8%
5,9%
50%
50%
44,1%
81,3%
12,50/o
29,4Yo
54,SYo
45,SYo
50%
84,6%
15,4Yo
I-locnyrn
fiyxe
ropurcua
[oeoni
Kop14cHa
Ani xopucHa, aui Hexopttcua
5,30/o
reHgepHoi piauocri
HSoprrraqir,tui uarepiann
reHIepH0r0 KyroqKy
I
I
H$opNaqit,rui uarepian
n
ra sycrpiri y reHlepHoMy
qeHrpi a6o rny6i
Kirusarn a6o xyrovxu
THMqacoB0r0 A0rnflAy
4,2Yo
3a rqilTilH0to
0praHieoaarut,t
sa
[ornsI
fliruuu rnieHria EC3,
nxi npoxo4nru npoQraeqaxxR a6o 6epyru yqacrb
y rpoMaAcbKux po6orax
Iporpauu npoQHaarauun
4rR xixox, sxi noeeprarorbcn Ao po6oru nicnn
6,3%
rpuaanoi nepepBu
(Aornnly ea Airuuu a6o
iHtIttNtt HfleHaMu popttHtt)
CneqianuHi 3axo4il flnfl
xinox-rpygoaux NirpaHris,
nxi noaepuynIcfl
[o
TeMaru..r Hi ceNiHapu
YxpaiHut
ra
3ycrpiei s cor-lianuH[]vu4
naprHepaMil, po6oTolaBr.leMil Ta xiHovulvru rpoMaflcbKr4M]1
opraHisaqirun
[xepeno:
onuryBaHHn 34 xoHcynuraHrie
!C3 no acifi VxpaiHi, 6epeseHu-reirenu 20'10 p.
35
V noroeIHi onrraHHX qetrpia 3at,tusrocri, nepeBaxHo n4x, rlo po3TauoBaHi y aenrxux ruicrax, uasaHi rarox rari noclyru, flK KoHcyabraqii oxpeuoro KoHcyflbraura is nuraHs reHgepnoi piaHocri, iHSopuaqit,tHi Narepialu reHAepHoro xny6y, aycrpivi r,r reMaril,lHi ceuiHapu 3 reHAepHilx nilTaHb, qxi eeaxa}oTbcfl K0p14cH14Mil Anfl xiHox. V Aenxux on[TaHux LleHTpax sat4Hsrocri nponoHylorbcr raKox Hae.]aruHi
nporpaMr gnn xiHor, nxi noaepraroTbcfl s rpuaanoi aignycrxu no AornflAy, ra cneqianuHi saxogu 4nn
xinox-NirpaHrie, nxi noBepraorbcfl
.
Xova xopgoi roHrperHoi reugeHqii u.loIo 3B'r3Ky uix HaraHicro geRxrx KoHKperHilx nocflyr i xapaxTepilcrl4K qeHTpy gal4Hnrocri He BilrBfleHo, icHye 3araflbHa rergeHqin rinsxocri HaAaBaH[x nocflyr,
noB'fl3aHilx ie reHgeporu, eignoaiguo 4o poerr,ripy HacefleHoro nyHKTy r,t, orxe, po6orouy HaBaHTaxeHHto
Ha qeHTp sar4xsrocri.
SirutL:e 80% pecnonAeHrie BBaxaorb, uo nocayn4 ,QC3 nanexHilM rJt4HoM BpaxoBytorb oco6rIei norpe6r xiHox i qonoeixie, ro4i rx peura pecnoHgeuriB He BneBHeHa qo4o uboro. 3oxpeua, gnn xiHox opralisoeyrcrucn pisxi iugueipyanuui ra rpynoei sycrpiri, cnpnuoaaui Ha re, qo6 sposyvrina ra 3roAoM 3aAoBoabHilTl4 ixHi xoHxperri norpe6r,t. lenri ni4xpecnloorb, Rx xiHxyr 3 ypa3flilBt4x rpyn Moxyrb 6ytu saitssri ua sa6pouuoaaHmx a6o goraqir,tnux po6orux micqnx origHo s 3axoHotvl ullpo ealrHnricru HaceneuHs,.
0co6nuai norpe6r,r xiHox tLlo.qo po6ororo eacy ra suicry po6orm raKox ypaxoBylorbcr npil nig6opi po6orr qn HaeqaruHoi nporpaMu. flrqo nogreilTilcfl Ha npilKflaIil Toro, flK nocnyrt,t [C3 ypaxoayoru oco6lrai norpe6u qonoeixie, To Br4IHo, r.t1o BoH14 crocyrorbcfl, B nepuy Hepry, Ha[aHHfl iu$oprvraqiraHux Marepialia y reHlepH[x Kyrot]Kax i opraHisaqii TeMarilqHux ceuiuapia gnn ronoeixie. fl[ue y genxrx is trx
3ralaHo HaBeaHHfl 3 ypaxyBaHHnu norpe6 po6orogaaqie i nig6ip nigxognqoi po6orr grn ronoeixia s ypaxyBaHHflM 3anpon0HoBaHoro poarrlipy sapo6iruoi nnarr, ToMy u-lo .ronosixr4 noeuHHi yrpt4MyBar[ ciu'ro.
MeHua rinuxicru pecnoHgeHTia (58,8%) no3ilTr4BHo eignoaina Ha 3anilTaHHfl npo re, til BpaxoBye
EC3 oco6nrei norpe6n oci6 is ciNeilHurrru o6os's3xa[4il, r,t 6inuue pecnoHleHTie (35,3%) euar,tunu qe
3an[TaHHr BaxKilM gnr ei4noeigi. Kpint roro, 6inuuicru pecnougeHria, Rxi Halanil 4enxi nprxnagfi To-
ro, Hacxinsxfl Tot{Ho BpaxoBy}orbcn qi roHxperHi norpe6il,3ralaril pisxouaHirHi reuaruvxi ceuiuapm
(qoao gano6iraHHn teleranuHitt rvrirpaqii ra roprieni flo,qbMl,t, gano6iraHHs 4r,rrnrir,t npaqi ra roprieni
4itsuu, ciuet,tuoro 6espo6irrn, Moxrr4Bocrer,t r4ogo sar4Hsrocri y cinucuxit,t uicqeeocri ror4o) i HaneHi
uicqn ruuracoBoro AornflAy sa 4iruuu y qeHrpi sauHnrocri. Kinuxa 3 Hfix yKa3aflr na $axropr, u.lo BpaxoBylorbcfl npil npaqeBaauryeaHHi, 3oKpeMa, npiopurer, u.lo Ha4aerbcn qaeHy cirvr'i y BilnalKy cimer,luoro 6eepo6irrfl npil npalleBnauryBaHHi Ha ruMqacoey po6ory a6o Ha 4orarlir,rHi po6ori Nicqn, a6o epaxyBaHHe norpe6u npaqisxuxie sHaxopur4cfl nopyrr i3 cirvr'oro, KonI MoBa r,tge npo HaevanuHi xypcu a6o
rpoua4cuxi po6oru.
V ai4noaigu Ha 3an[TaHHfl npo 3AarHicrs gonoeixie i xiHox rirxo QoprvrynoBaril ceoi Haeu.lxH ra
xaaniQixaqio nig vac xoHcynurarlir,r, nofloB14Ha pecnougeHria eignoeina, r4o xogHoi pisnr,tqi uix qonosixaMI ra xixxaNu y t-lboMy eigHoueHHi HeMae, ane 35,3% pecnoHEeHrie saeHa.irnu, qo xiHxu 3a3Buval,l y quouy nnaHi noKa3yorb xpaqi pesynuraru, Hix ,.ionoeixil, HaneBH0, 3aBARKr4 6inuu eucoxouy
pieHrc oceiru ra KpaulilM HaButKaM cninxyeauHn.
llo crocyerbcfl reH4epHoi uet,trpanuxocri $oprvryroBaHb, 3acrocoByBaHux po6oroflaBqflMil Aar
peecrpaqii aaxaHciil, ro rinuxr 29,4% pecnoHleHTis saqeilryr, u.lo ixHi ruicqeai po6orogaeqi saaxpu sacr0c0Bytorb reHAepH0-Het,trpanuHi QopruynoaauHs. Sinruicru cneqianicrie ,!C3, Rxi esRnil yeacrb B onilryaauHi (64,7%), aignoeinu, Uo reHAepHo-HetlrpansHi SoprvrynroeaHHfl 3acrocoByrorbcn iHo4i, r,t nrue
oAuu cneUiaricr gagHa.lilB, rlo BoHr/ He BilKopr4croByrorbcfl esarani. Xora saxouogaBcrBo VxpaiHr,r npo
reHAepHy pieHicrs sa6opoune po6orogaeqflM oroflorxyBaril BaKaHcio eilHqrxoeo Ilfl tonoBixie a6o ailHflTKoBo 4nn
xiuox, gacro rpannflerbcfl
TaK, ulo BoHr4, He3Baxatogt4 Ha qe 3aKoHorqaBcrBo, npr,l ny6nixaqii
orofloueHHfl npo aaxaHcito y [C3 BKa3yorb norpi6Hy crarb. 24 V gauorvry BilnalKy [C3 posNiulye He3axoHHi st ruoril u.logo crari, aixy, so6os'RgaHHfl u.1o4o eiucrxoeoi cnyx6u a6o craHy 3AopoB'r y npunirxax
[0 0r0n0ueHHfl np0 BaKaHTHy nocaAy, poeuiulye reHAepHo-Her,rrpalrHe orofloueHHfl, ane noriN qacro
KOpt4cryerbcn qierc Ao4arKoBoro iHQopuaqiero npr,r nip6opi aignoeignoi KaHAngarypt4. lonoeHe BilnpaB3aoulaAilrur qac po6orogaaqia, nig6rparovt,t 6espo6irHrx npaqieuIxia is
AaHHfl TaKoi npaxruxu
-
24 Anani: 0r0noueHb npo oaxarciT, posNiqeHux y
3lVll, lHrepHer-nopraniB crocoBHo po6orrx uicqs (soxpeNa roro, sxur.r nigrpr,tvye !C3
- www.lrud.gov,ua), npltaarurx areHqit,t aaitrrocri ra isu.rlrx 4xepen (uanpr,lxnag. 0TonoureHh npo aarancii y rpoMaAcbKotvly rpaHcnopri) gae
nigcraay BBaxar[. ttlo B ut/x oronoueHHnx po6oropaeqi perynflpHo BKa3yrcTb craru. eix, a iHopi l,t Bil[,ton4 Ao soeHiuHocri,
36
norpi6Hoo KBafli$iKaqielo 3rilHo 3 orofloueHHflM[ npo BaKaHcii. [lpore, Llr npaKTfiKa HataruaHHR e Ailcxpr,1uinaqiurorc i rouy nigpueae AocflrHeHHfl [C3 e iHurux HanpnMKax y cnpunuri reHgepHit,t piaHocri ra
ycyHeHHs Hepienocri Ha
pruxy npaql.
Snusuxo 53% pecnoHAeHrie noeiAoruunu, ulo wricqesi po6oropaeqi nrue iHogi eacrocoBylorb reHgepHo-uer,lrpanuHi Sopuryfl]oBaHHfl B ororoueHHrx npo earaHcii, 3raAyloilt4 raani$ixaqio, $isurHi sycr4lnr, piaexu siAnoeilanuHocriroulo, xoqa 30 is 34 pecnonAeHrie noroAunilcfl, u-lo BaKaHTHi nocaflr, [e,
flK npaBilno, nepeBaxaloru ,lonoaixu, e ixHi14 uricr-leeocri gageuqar4 He BilMaraot 6inuu ailcoxoi
xeanisiraqii, uix nocaAu, Ie 3a3Bilqar,r nepeaaxaors xiHru. L{e o3Harae, u.lo B AerKux aunagxax po6orolaaqi Bt4cloBntoroTb Bt,lMoTt4 nloAo xeani$iraqii s oTonouieHHflx raK, ulo Ue Moxe BnfluHyrl4 Ha nogaHHfl 3aflB
i no4anuuy gar,uRrocri o6ox crarer,t. 3
iHrLLoro 6oxy, po6oro4aaqi 3an[Tylorb np0
crarb
KaHAil-
garie nepeg npoBe4eHHflru cnie6ecigu: y 6 s 34 on[TaHux qeHrpia sal4Hnrocri qe rpannflerscn racro, y 21
- iuxonu.
0rxe, yxpaiucsxi po6oro4aaqi, qacro Br4Kopr4croBylorb
reHAepHo-cnequ$iqHi oroflouleHHfl npo Ba-
xaucii, a 6araro 3 Hr4x, eK 3Aaerbcr, He ycaiAounlolorb flr4cKpr,ttuiHaqitrHoro xapaKTepy ceoix Nerolia qoAo oroaoueus i npaxrrxr,l Ha6opy xagpie. ll-lo6 eilpiurlru qrc npo6neuy, cneqianicru [C3 o6roaoprcrcru
nuraHHfl rengepHoi pieuocri s uicqeeuur,t po6orogaBqflMI Ta Bna4oo. 3rigHo 3 onilTyBaHHRM
cneqiaflicrie [C3, 31 is 34 onfiraHrx qeurpie oar,rHnrocri noai4otvtma, u-lo 6paB yqacrb y raxit,t asaeruogii.
V nonoeuHi qeHrpie sat4xnrocri (HesanexHo eil posrvripy HacereHoro nyHKTy, periouy vr iHutux xapaKTepilcn4Ku) craru xaHgugaria po3roflouyerucR cneqianicrauu [C3 no cnia6ecigu. TUN He ueHu, yci
pecnoHAeHTr-cneqianicnr [C3 crBep4xyBaflil, rl1o BoHu oAHaKoBo craBflRTbcfl [o tloloBixie ra xiuor si
cxoxoro xaaniQixaqiero npu nig6opi 4nn uux cxoxrx noca4 i ulo 3HaqHilx eiflNiHHocreu tvtix lonoeiraMil
ra xiuxarrltu y npo$ecinx i cexropax exoHolixr,r, Ae 4flfl Hux nig6rpaerucn po6ora, HeMae. V nepeaaxHit,t
6inuuocrionilraHux qeHrpia sar4Hsrocri (27 is34) xiHKt4, flK npaBilao, au6upaorucn po6orogaeqnrvu, Rxi
ny6nixyoru oroaoueHHfl, 3 TaKoo x racrororo, u.lo 14 qonoeixr,r, trt nnue y 5 qeHrpax aoHu eu6upanucn
pipue sa lonosixie, sle6inuuloro vepes oco6nilaocri BaKaHTHrlx noca,q, nxi norpe6yoru saxroi Sisu'tHoi npaqi a6o nepeg6aqaorb po6ory y utxi4nueux yMoBax.
Po6nnru nigcyrvrox, Bapro 3a3HayilTr4, u-lo 6araro cneqianicrie [C3 aaaxaorb, u-lo uyxari po6oru noer,ruHi nig6r,rparvcl, a noriv ei46mparucr po6oroAaeqflMu 3a ixHuoto rounereHqieo/ reaniSiraqierc, a He
3a crarro, sxllo rinuru KoHKperHa crarb He e Heo6xilHoro yMoBot0 auxoHyeaHoi po6oru. Ale nepeg
cneqianicraur,t [C3 croiru cxnaAHa 3aga.ia - sa6esnequrm, u]06 npil BpaxyBaHHi crari Ue 6yno
Heaig'euHoro yMoBoto origuo 3 3aKoHopaBcreou (HanpuKnag. Ha He6esneqHux ra urignusux po6orax, ge
yxpaincuxe 3aKoHogaBcrao sa6opoune Bi4Kop14croByBaril npaqrc xiHox), a He eepe3 crepeorunHi yflBneHHfl ll-loAo xiHox. B iurLtorvry pasi [C3 HeHaBMucHo nigrpuuyearilMe reHgepHy gltcxptttvtiHaqio y noAasHi
3aflB npo eaxaHcii ra nil6opi xagpia.
4.2. Pezynbrarr onlryBaHHf,: 3apeecrpoBaHi uyxaqi P06oruzs
llepeeaxua 6inuuicru onuraHilx 3apeecrpoBauux uyxarie po6orm, nxi ropucryorucR pisHovtauirHuuttt
nocnyraMil ,QC3, norogxytorbcr, rr1o 6inur.ricrb nocnyr HaAaerbcfl ua piaHitt ocHoei Rx xiHxau, rax i 'lonoeixaM $a6n.4.2). Pasovl 3 r,ru, gerxi pecnoH[eHT]4 o6ox craret,t BBaxaorb, tL-lo Ao xiHox iHoAi craannrucfl cnpunTn[eiue, oco6nuao y gocryni Io raKilx saxolie AnPn, nK reHlepHo-cneqilQiqHi nporpaMil, AepxaeHi ra ruM,lacosi po6oru, npoSopienraqir,tni nocnyru. [e oaHarae, ulo [C3 Vxpainr 3acrocoBye reHIepHo-vyrnuerfr niAxi[, i qe - nosuruaHilil sHar is roqxil 3opy KoMnneKcHoro reH]qepHoro nipxogy. fx eugHo e
Apyroro croBnHilKa n6n. 4.2,6inuuicru pecnou4eHriB oxonfleHa nacilBHr4Mt4 nporpaMaMt4 nigrpuuxt,t goxoflie i rpapr,rqir,rHmruil nocnyraMil [C3, raxr,tnrr,t flK KoHcynbraqir,lri nocnyru, npo$ecittua opieHraqifl, [onoMora y nouyKy po6ol,l, u-lo cnprMoBaHi Ha noxpau-leHHfl cnpoMoxHocri yracHrxia Io npalleBnauryBaHHfl
ra nigauqeHHn ixHuoi uorueaqii Ao nouyKy po6oru a6o, nxqo norpi6Ho, nepenigroroexu.
25 3aranura xinuxicru 3ape0crpoBaHilx uyxalia po6orr.r y er,t6iprli. r{o npeACTaBnfle rpr m6paui 6asoai rleHrpu 3a14HflT0cri
(Konoulrricrxlli par.roNuul,1 ueHTp 3ar,1HsTocri, [oaeLluxufr micsrur,1 qerrp gaIusrocri ra ConoN flHcbKilli pal/oHHt4t4 qenrp aaiHnrocri y tt.
Kreei). Iopigune 90. 0nilcoaa cran4cr,4Ka Bu6ipKl4 HaBeAeHa y logarxy (ra6n. A.3).
37
Tadn.4.2.
fiymxa uyxaria poEorr npo pioxe craBneHHfl go ronoaixia
y Aocryni go pisxor'lauirxtx nocnyr [C3
ixixor
% pecnoHgeHrie, sxi
Kopt4cryroTbcfl
nocflyrorc, xorpi craepgxytorb, lqo:
l-locnyru
[C3
Kopucryeauun
gnn uyxarie po6oru
Peecrpaqin 6espo6irHrx y
nocnyroo (% ai4
go vonoaixia
90 pecnou4eHria)
xiHox ctaenRtucg
CTABTflTbCfl
CTABfl9TbCf
0[HaK0B0
cnpuRrnraiue
cnpt,tRrnueiule
i
E0 HoaoBrKrB
A0 xrHoK
100%
100%
lHQopuaqir,rHi ra xoHcynuraqir,tHi
nocayril, noe'q3aHi 3 nouyKoM
po6orr ra npaqeBnauryBaHHrM
98,9%
98,9%
1j%
llorLryx nigxognqoi po6oru ra
cnpilfl HHfl y npaqeBnaurysaxui
92,2%
96,3%
3,7%
92,2Yo
93,8%
6,3%
27,8%
96,3%
3,7%
10%
81,8%
18,2%
[C3
I-lpoSopieHraqir,tHi saxogr
(cneqianuHi ceruixapu, rpeHiurr,
sycrpiri roulo)
IlpoQecir,rua nigroroaxa,
nepeni4roroBKa ra ni4auqeHHn
xeani$ixaqii
0prauisaqin onfl aqyBaH[x
rpoMa4cbKt4x ra cesotuux po6ir
Bunnara AonoMoru no
6espo6irrrc, uarepianuuoi
AonoMoril ni4 rac npoQuaeraHxn
91j%
1
00%
a6o gonouoril Ha noxoBaHHfl
6espo6iruoro
3axogu cnpurHHfl
caMogar,t Hqrocri (oguopasosa
Bilnflara AonoMoril no 6eopo6irro
0%
grn opraHisaqii nignpueuHuquxoi
ginruuocri)
CneqiarsHi nporpaMr Anfl
.ronoeixis a6o xixox (Hanpuxnag,
xino..ri cerrriHapm ta xny6u,
ceNiHapu Ans ,{onoeixia roqo)
Ixepeno:
3B
8,9%
66,7%
33,3%
onuryBaHHfl 90 sapeecrpoaannx uyxaria po6oru y Kraeai, loHeqsxyra Konouui, xaireHu 20'10 p.
llo
crocyerucn cneqianuHilx nocnyr i uarepiarie, noB'fl3aHilx ia rer4epou, TaKilx flK iHSopuaqitttti uarepialu reH4epHux xyrorxia, uarepianu ra sycrpiri feHAepHilx xny6ia i gurnri KiMHaru, ro 3HaeHa qacrKa
pecnou4eHrie a6o xixonil He Kopr4cryBaflacfl
L14Mr4
nocnyraMil
t,t
ruarepianaruil, a6o esarani He gHae npo Ht4x
(ra6n 4.3).BoAHoyac6nnouxoT3o/ortx,xrooqiHuapieeusropncuocri4urnroixiluHarr,BBaxae,u-loBoHa
Ioeoni a6o gyxe Kopt4cHa. [ixaeo, rl1o 6inuuicrb pecnoHleHris, qri BBaxanrb xoprcuicru flrrsqoi riuHaTil Maflolo, He Maorb flirer,r AouxiflbHoro eixy, r,t fl[ue oIHa MofloAa xiHxa s ogHien flilTt4Hoto eiro]u 3-6
poxie aignoeina, u1o He 3aAoBoneHa qiero nocayroo. Snueuro 80% pecnoHgeutie, rxi otliHunr xopucHicru
gaox iur.lux nocnyr i marepianie, noB'fl3aH[x is reHgepour, 3Hailufl14 ix Aoeoni a6o gyxe Kopt4cH14Mu, ane
gonoairil BilflB[nflcfl 6insuL crenr[HHt4Mt4, Hix xiHrr.
Ta6n.
fiyruxa uyxaria po6ir npo xopncnicrs noclyr i uarepianie, noB'f,3aHrx is lexgepou
(y % ai4 garanuroi rinuxocri pecnor4enria)
[engeprio-cneuilSieHi
nocnyru [C3
Eyxe
[oeoni
K0p14CHa K0p14CHa
AHi ropncHa,aui
Cxopiue 3oeciur
Hixonm He
He sHato
HEKO-
HEKO-
K0p14CTyBaB-
np0 q]0
HeK0p14CHa
phcHa
pilcHa
cq paHiue
n0cnyry
2,2Yo
54,4%
16,70/o
ryrorxr ruMqacoB0r0 AornRAy 3a AilTr4H010
10,0%
11,1%
1j%
4,4%
lxSopruaqin-Hi Narepiarr
reHlepH0r0 KyroeKy
22,2%
32,2%
6,70/o
6,7%
28,9Yo
3,3%
20,lYo
22,2%
4,4%
5,6%
38,9%
8,9%
KiruHaru a6o
I
H$oprrnaqin-xi uarepian u ra
sycrpiri y reHAepHoMy qenrpi
[xepeno:
onuryBaHHfl 90 aapeecrpoeauux uyxavia po6oru y Kr,teei, floHequxyra Konouui, xeireHs 2010 p.
54,4o/o pecnougeHriB BBaxaorb,
Uo nocnyru !C3 AocrarHbo BpaxoByroru norpe6u xittoK, 10% He no- xiHxu), a 35,6% BBaxalorb qe 3anilTaHHfl BaxKrM
rogxylorbcfl 3 Ut4M TBepAxeHHrM (gai rperuHu 3 Hr4x
gnn aignoeigi. Har,r6insu nonynnpHi aiAnoeiAi Ha 3anrraHHn npo pisni norpe6u/auuoru xiHox, qxi [C3 cniA
ypaxoByBaru npr,t pospo6neHHi ra HaIaHHi nocnyr HacefleHHo, MoxHa o6'epuatr y HacrynHi rpynil:
.
.
nig6ip po6ol,r ei cnpunrnuerMil yMoBaMr npaqi gnr xiuox, 3oKpeMa 3 rHyeKt4M a6o croporeHuu po6oruu racoM, fleTUilMt4 yMoBaMil Ta 3pyHHt4M po3TauyBaHHnu no6nusy aiilqoMy;
3a6e3ne.teHHfl 3axucry npaqeBnauroBaHilx
xiHox ig
MaflhMr4
Airuuu sriguo g KolexcoM ga-
xoHia VxpaiHr npo npaqo;
g6inuuenHs rinuxocri nilxoAsn-lrx eaxaHci14 [nfl IeflK]4x ypa3nIBilx xareropit,t xiHoK, TaKilx flK
xiHru crapue 45 poxie, xinxr4-iHeanigur, o4uHoxi uarepi, uarepi Marilx giret,t, uarepi nputtotvtHux Airer,t;
BnauryBaHHn y qeHrpi sataHsrocri AoIarKoBr4x wricqu Anq aigaigyaarie, uicqu rNuracoBoro Aorar,qy 3a 4iruur (flursqoi riuHaru a6o xyrorxy), orpeuux ryaneria ffts xiHox i eonoeirie.
AHanoriquutt posnogir cnocrepiraerbcfl y eignosigrx qoAo norpe6 qonoeixie: 55J% pecnoHleHria
n0rO4xylorbce, u.lo nocayrh ,[C3 uanexHilM 914HoM ypaxoBytorb norpe6r,t .{oroeirie, 7,9oh ue srogHi s
quu (70% 3 Hilx - eofloeiK[, nri cxapxarbcr Ha ai4cyruicru po6orr, nxa 6 nignoaipana ixtsoruy npoSecit,tto-xaari$ixaqiuHorvty piaHro), a37j% He sneeHeHi. fix wroxHa 6yno 6 orixyaaru, Ha[6inuu nonyflflpHa aignoaigu t4o4o pisHux norpe6 .lonoeixie, nxi [C3 cnig ypaxoeyBaru, crocyerbcr poorvripy sapo6irHoi nnaru. PecnoHgeuru o6ox crarefr crBepgxyrorb, u1o, ocxinrxu qonoaixil e rofloBHt4Mil ro4yBaflbHIKaMI y ceoix ciN'qx i uanru 6inuue qacy ra Kpau.le 3AopoB'fl, ro iu rpe6a nponoHyBarfi po6ory s
6inuu srcorrN oapo6irxou. Bouut raKox eiAnoai4aorb, qo nponoHoBaHa po6ora noBilHHa aignoeigarur
ixxuotvty npoSecit,tHo-reani$ixaqiraHorvry piaHro. lepea qro npiler4Hy r-uyxari po6oru peKoMeHAyroru, rL1o6
!C3 ricuiue cnienpaqoaana a po6oroAaBqnMu. Kinuxa pecnoHleHrie nponouyrorb raKox, ulo6 [C3
eupiuuna nl4raHHr Hu3bKoro nonrry Ha po6ovy cr4ry u-lo4o nirHix npaqieurxie, qo, iluoaipHo, e pe3ynbraroM eixoaoi 4ucxprNiuaqii Ha puxxy npaqi, a raKox Hr,rx.ioi npo4yKTt4BHocri npaqi nirHix npaqiaHilxia
qepe3 noraHrt/l craH 3[opoB'9.
3Ha'JHo MeH[Je pecnoH4eHrie
- rinuxfl 31 ,5% - 3aAoBofleHi rru, sx nocflyril [C3 galoeolbHrlorb norpe6u oci6 s ciMet4Ht4tvtil o6oe's3xaw, a 24,7o/o cxopiue He3arqoBofleHi; 6inuuicru is nux - qepe3
eigcyruicru po6oru gnn oci6 g cirueraH[]Mu o6oa's3xaMil (uanpuxnag, uarepie is uanuuu Airsruu a6o 6araro4iruux cituet,t) icyeopi xpnrepii nepe6yeaHun Ha o6nixy, qo He BpaxoBye pisHi oco6ucri a6o cirvrer,lri
o6crasilHl4 (uanpuxna4, curyaqii, xonu xiHxN He Moxyrb nepeHecril ceirl eisilr Ao qeHTpy aafrunrocri y
3B'e3Ky s Heo6xigHicrn sa6uparu flilTt4Hy 3 [r4TcaAKa q[ [ornflAarfl 3a xBopoto grruHoro). zo Bi4noaiAH14rvl
e14HoM, uyxavi po6oru peKoMeHlyroru, qo6 ciuer,lui o6craeNxN BpaxoByBanhcfl npfi nnaHyeauui 060s's3KoBr4x perynflpHt4x aisilrie Ao [C3 i npr nponoHyaaHHi po6oru rr,t nocnyr [C3.
loroaHilla B[cHoBoK nonflTae B ToMy, u-lo, Ha [yMKy onrraHux uyxaria po6oru, [C3 y qinorvry po6uru
yce MoxnlBe Anr roro, qo6 nocnyril HalaBaflilcfl o[HaKoBo cnpaBeAnuBo ronoeixaM i xiHxau. 89 is 90
pecnoHgelria noeigoNunu, qo Hixoru He crIKanilcfl 3 reHAepHo]o A14cKpuruiHaqien npu xoHraxrax is
[c3.
lle
o[uH gaxnflailt4 BucHoBoK, sxuil aunnuaae s ei4noai4era uyxavia po6oru noflflrae
B ToMy, ll-lo
gucrpuuiHaqil,tue craaneHHR, u.lo nepeBaxae y nornrAax 6araruox po6oro4aaqie, saniluaerucn o4urw is
rofloBHt4x flxepea reu4epHoi HepiaHocri ra yxpaiHcuKoMy pl,rHKy npaqi. 3apeecrpoeaHi uyxari po6oru
noai4otuunu npo Qaxru gucrpNNiHaqii s 6oxy po6oroAaeqia, nepeaaxHo y BenuKux ruicrax i ulo[o xiHox,
niA vac nouyKy po6orm ra npaqeBnauryBaHHfl (14,4% pecnoHgenria), e onnari npaqi (8,9%), a oqiHqi pesynuraria po6orm ra npocyBaHui no cnyx6i (5,6%), npu eeinuHeHHi g exouoruiquux ra iHulrx np[qIH
(eignoai4xo 3,3%
4,6'/"), y MoxnuBocrnx u-lo[o HaBeaHHfl 3a paxyHoK po6orogaaqn ra coqianuuux
nirsrax (no 1,1%).
n
4.3. Pesynbrarr onrryBaHHf,: p060r0gaBg,i
27
Vci pecnoHAeuru, sxi npelcraBnflioru po6oro4aaqia (gr,rpexropu, 3acrynHIKt4 ArpeKTopia, uaranuuuru aipginia xagpia a6o roroeHi 6yxranrepN), ulo 83flnil yqacrb B onilTyBaHHi, aaaxaoru, r4o nocnyrur [C3
Halqaorbcfl po6oroAaeqsN o6ox craret,l pieHoro rvriporo. 3a cnosaMra qilx onr4TaHux, po6orogaeqi anxopr,r-
croBylorb nocnyril !C3, nos'noaHi s saranuHoo6oa'RgxoBr4M [epxaBHuM crpaxyBaHHflM Ha suna4ox 6eopo6irrn ra crarilcn4lHuluu eeirar\nu fia6n.4.4). Po6orogaaqi raxox Hacro Br4Kopt4croBytorb [C3 4nn sanoBHeHHr BaKaHTHl4x po6ort4x uicqu - a6o unsxolr niA6opy 3apeecrpoBauux uyxaria po6orr nig HaneHi
eaxaHcii (30% onuraHux po6oro4aaqia), a6o unsxou oprarisaqii flpMapoK aaraHcir,t, npeseHraqir,l xournaHitt ra npo$ecit,t ioprauisaqiisycrpirera 3 KaHAuAaraMil 3 eltcfla uyxarie po6orm (23,3%).luui nocnyru !C3 gnn po6oro4aaqia, nepepaxosaHiyra6n. 4.4,onvtanuvrr,r po6oropaBqflMt,t rxr4poKo He BuKopt4croByroTbcfl.
26 3rigno 3 3aK0H0M
nepeHecrl4
i
n0roxeHHffM npo IC3, 6e3po6irHi eo6oe rsaHi eigaigyearr rleHrp sar,ltrrocri r4oruxur. ane iu go3aonnerucn
npr,lvuru (xaopo6a, Heo6xrgnicrs qino4o6oaoro AornrAy 3a lilTt4Hoto a6o rnr-untr tneHoM ciM i) sa HaReHocri
aigeiAallr 3 noBaxHLlx
aignoaigxux poxyuexrie.
27 3aran*a xinsricru po6oro4aaqia y au6ipqi, ulo npeAcraBnre
rpl,t ar,16paHi 6asoai qeurpr,r sat/urrocri (Konounr,tcuxr,lu pailoHHt4t4 qeHrp
eattNqrocri, !oHequxltt,4 tticsxr,4i qeurp safrHsrocri ra ConoM'qHcuKl.fl4 pal.loHHfii qeHTp 3ar4Hflrocri y N. Kr.reai). gopiaxne 90.0nficoaa
clarrlcTl4Ka ou6ipxr.r Haeegena y lo4arxy (ra6n. A.4).
40
Ta6n.4.4.
*
Bnxopncranxf, noclyr AG3 po6oroAaeqRun
KopucryeaHHfl nocnyroto
(% eil 90 pecnouAexria)
llocnyru [C3 Rns po6orogaaqie
lHQoprrryaaHHfl npo craH Ta ocHoaHi reugeuqii Ha nlticqesoNy puuxy npaqi
Ta npo npo$ecir,rno-xaari$ixaqir,tHnr,t cxnag oci6, oapeecrpoBaHilx y
[C3
luSopuauir,tHi ra xoucynuraqit,tHi nocnyril 3 nilTaHb 3aKoHoflaBcrBa npo
npauo, saraHnricru, couianuHe crpaxyBaHHr Ha BilnaIoK 6espo6irrn ra
3 nuraHb cral4crt4r.tHoi sairHocri
16,7%
55,6%
KoucynuryaaHHfl 3 nilraHb npaqeBflauryBaHHfl oKpeMux rpyn rpoMagrH
(iuoeeNqia, iHeaniAie, oci6, sx norpe6ynru coqianuHoro 3axilcry
ra He eflarHi KoHKypyBaril ua prHxy npaqi)
13,3%
flonouora y ni4roroaqi rexcrie oroaoueHb ulolo HaflBHux eaxaHci14
lan noAaflbuoro poauiqeHHn ix y saco6ax Macoeoi itrQopuaqii
,Qonouora B 0neparilBHoruy ni[6opi Heo6xi[Hmx xagpia uflflxoM npoBeAeHHfl
flpMapoK eaxaHcira, npeeeHraqir,t xounaHii ra npoSecir,r,
opraHieaqii cnia6ecig 3 KaHgilAaraur ua po6ori uicqn roqo
CnpurHHn KoMnaeKTyBaHHro KaIpaMI
(egir,rcHeHHn Ha 3aMoBfleHHq roMnaHii nig6opy npaqiaxuxia, y rouy vucni
Ane
Br4KoHaHHr neBHilx
llpoSecir,tue HaBraHHfl 6eapo6iruux
nig xouxperri po6o.ri rvricUs
Ha
!C3
3aMoBreHus xounaHii
o6crexeHHn 90 po6oroAaellis,
noMri, xeireHu 2010
23,3%
30%
erpia rnuracoaux po6ir)
HaAaHHq Aoraqir,r Afle npaqeBflauryBaHHr oci6, sapeecrpoBaHilx y
Ixepeno:
1lYo
sri cnienpaqoorb
10%
4,4%
3 qeHTpaMI sailnRrocri, y Kuesi, IoHequxy ra Ko-
p.
llpuuirxa: " Vpaxoeynvu, qo
eci 90 pecnoHAeHria eeaxaoru,
6oroAaeqsNr o6ox crarer,t, croBnqilKil u.loAo craBreHun
!C3
qo
aci nocnyru Ha4aorbcfl ua piaHira ocuosi po-
Ao Honosixie i xinox annyuleni.
ls 33 pecnongexria, nxi xopucryaaflilcn nocflyrauu [C3 AaR 3anoBHeHHfl BaKaHTHux po6orux vricqr Ha
caoix ni4npueMcrBax ga ocrauHir4 pix, 16 po6oroAaeqiB nonpocl4rr4 wicqeeufi qeurp sar,mnrocri nonepegHuo ei4i6paru xaugmgaria 3a crarrlo. BopHorac, riruxu n'flrepo e qrx 33 po6orogaalliB BBaxaorb, u1o crarb
He e BaxfluBru Saxroporu gnn [C3, Koru BoHa eig6upae xaHAuAaria ffs cnia6eciflvl.
Xoqa 6inuuicrb onilraHilx po6orogaauia eeaxarcrb, ulo npfl nil6opi KaHAuAaryp Ha BaKaHTHy nocaAy
Ao qonoBixia i xiHox o[HaKoBo, BoHr4 Br4gHa]orb raKox noroAxyrorbcr, u.lo [C3 ryuuao
go
norpe6 po6oroflaaqiB, ToMy BoHa Moxe 6yru saoxoreHa craB[Tr4cr Ao ,ronoeixie i xiuox npr
nigxogmru
!C3 craerrscfl
41
ni46opi po6oru Utr Ht4x no-pisHolvty. 0nuraHi nignpueucraa 3 Kileaa, [oser-luxa i Konouui oguocralrHo
aignoeinu, u-lo Hiroru xe o6roeopoBaflr nilTaHHn reHgepHoi piaHocri s uricqeeuu qeHTpoM sar,rHsrocri, He3BaxaneI Ha re, ulo cneqianicru [C3 s onilTaHilx qeHrpie salaHsrocri y ,qoHeqbKy ra Kileai noaigouulu,
qo npoBogt4nt4 KoHcynbraqii s wicqeauNr po6oro4aBqflMil 3 n[TaHb reHgepHoi piauocri. ze Vpaxoayoqil Benuxy xinuxicrb Maailx npuBarHilx ni4npreucra y Kr,reai ra fioHeqsxy (gr,re. ra6n. A.2 y [o4arxy), sgaerucn
cnpaagi HeMoxlt4Bt4M, uto6 AC3 HaAaBana aciur po6oro4aBqrM xoHcynuraqii 3 reHlepHux nilTaHb i npoaogrna si4noeigxi ceuiuapr4. OTxe, norpi6ni MeHU Aopori ra rpy4orvricrui uerogu opieHrarlii po6orogaeqia is
nilraHb reHgepHoi piauocri.
fx
[C3 i uyxari po6oru eacro 3Br4HyBaryH]Tb po6orogaeqia y xepieHopo
pe3ynbraril
My craBneHHi
xiHox. Ipore,
onrryBaHb po6orogaeqie He soaciur ei4noaigarorb qboMy rBepAxeHHo. 3a cnoaaMil ont4TaHilx po6orogaaqis, y 6inuuocri eunagxia BoHr4 olHaKoBo craBnrrbcn Ao r.tonosixie ra xiHoK, a y fleflKilx Bilna4Kax (Hanpuxnag, y gocryni [o cor-lianuHux ninur) craBfleHHr Ao xiHox
,racro 6inru cnpilrrlilBe, Hix
4o .Jonoeixia (ra6n. 4.5).
sagHavanocfl Bt4ule, cneqianicrn
Ta6n.4.5
GrasneHHR po6or0AaBqio go
xixox i ,{onoeixis
CraeneHHs
lo
l-liA6ip ra npur,rorrr Ha po6ory Ha nocagu
Hr4xqoro ra cepe4Hboro piaHn
l-lip6ip ra npur,tou Ha po6ory Ha nocalil
arqoro
piaHn
0nrara npaqi (sapo6irHa nnara ra
npervrii)
0qiuxa pesyruraria po6oril ra nigeuqeuun
Moxnufrr;i
n
CraaneHxs
CraaneHHR
Ao ronoaixia
4o xinox
Baxxo
ixiHor
6inuur
6inuur
cKa3aTu
piBHe
cnpilRTailBe
cnpilflTIrilBe
74,2%
12,4%
11,2%
2,2%
72,10/o
2,3%
1,2%
24,4%
96,7Y0
1,1%
2,1%
94,4%
2,2%
3,4Yo
69,6%
3,8%
2,5%
qonoeixie
poQeci I Hoi n i4roroexu,
nepenigroroaril a6o nigeilqeHHq xaaniSiraqii
24,1Yo
(sa paxynor po6oro4aaqr)
Coqianuxi ninuru (Hanpt,txnag, onflaqyBaHa
eignycrxa, MeAilrHa crpaxoBKa, cnyx6oer,rr,r
TpaHcnopr, nyriaxa go caxaropiro, no3rKa
-70/
91,9%
t/o
1,2%
3a nrnbroBuM14 yMoBaMu T0rI0)
3einuHeHHn s po6oru g exoHor\4i,{xilx npuquH
79,8%
3einuHeHHs g po6orfi e
85,1%
iuuux
npilyt4H
1,2%
19Yo
14p%
Ixepeno: o6crexennR 90 po6oroAasqia, nxicnienpaqnnrb 3 qeHTpaMu sar,lHRrocri, y Kueai, fioriequxyra KonoMili, xaireHu 2010 p.
28 noscHennn Lliei p036ixHocri, aanponouoaare
!C3, nonnrae a rony ulo pecnoHAeHrrl, nxi npegcraanflnil B on,4TyBaHti cropoHy
po6orogaaqia (ranprlrnag, ronoaun4 6yxranrep a6o sacrynnux gr,tpexropa), iroxn!180, ne 6ynu o6isnali qogo asaeruo4ii Nix rriricqeer,1u
qeHTporv ear,rHsrocri Ta KaApoBoto cnyx6oro.
42
Har,rgHaqHiui npuKnaAil Hepinnoro craBneHHfl Ao qonoeixie i xiHox , oyeBuAHo, Mallrb ruicqe y niA6opi
ra npr,lr,torui xa po6ory Ha nocaAil Hr4xqoro ra cepeflHboro pieHia (nepuut,t prAoK y ra6n. 4.5). [ogarxoeilla
3acrocyBauns 47,1% pecnoHgeuria reHgepuo-qyrnuBilx
$opuynroaaHb npfi peecrpaqii eaxaHcifr ra posrvir4euxi oronoueHu npo po6ory (y [C3, eaco6ax rMacoeoi
,qoKa3 reHAepHoi gr,tcxpr,trvrinarlii
y nig6opi ragpie
-
inSopuauii, lurepueri rou.to).
Bicivr is AecRTt4 po6oroAaeqia, Rxi noeigoMr4flu npo cnprnrnueiue craBreHHfl go xiuor y nil6opi ra
npur,lorrlti Ha po6ory Ha nocafl[ Ht4xyoro r,r cepelHroro pienie, si4tocrrucn Ao raKilx ranyset,t, Rr roprienn
t,t peuoHr, ocaira i cilucuxe rocno4apcrBo. 0[r,tHr,rr,t npilKnaA cnpunrnreiuoro craBfleHHR go xiHor, eigouareunr,r y npuraorvri Ha po6ory Ha nocaAu B]4u-loro piaun,
raxox
noMi.reHill4 y cinucuxotvty rocnoAapcrBi. 3riEuo
3 on[TyBaHHflM, BilnaAKu cnpunrnueiuoro craBfleHHr Ao ronoBixia y npr,ttroui Ha po6ory ra Ha po6orouy
uicqi sasaurar,t rpannnrcrbcfl y rpaHcnopri ra 3B'fl3Ky, ropriani ta peuouti, onepaqinx ie uepyxotuicro ra
ginoaitr flinnuHocri. Hapeuri, cepel onilTaHux po6oropaeqia yci B[na[Kil uepiaHoro craBaeHHfl (nx po ronosixia, rax i Io xiHor), npo rri 6yno noaifloMfleHo, Nanu uicUe y HoBr4x npuBarHilx $iptuax i cepeg nprBarHrx nignpueuqie (Sisr,rrnurx oci6), ro6ro y cexropi npraarHux MCll.
4.4. Pesynbrarlr 0n[TyBaHHn: nigcyl'itxoai eayeaxel{tn
OnuryeaHHn noKa3ye, ulo
[C3
VxpaiHu [ocr4Tb
lo6pe npaq]oe B ToMy,
rl1o crocyerbcr cnpilflHHfl
piaHocri craBfleHHfl Ao.lonoeixie ixiHox. [lprHqnnr,t piauoro craBfleHHfl nocrynoBo anpoaa4xeHi a
4inluHicrs [C3 i orpunlanu uilpoKe Bil3HaHHfl s ycix perioHanbHr4x i 6asoaux UeHrpax galaHnrocri VrpaiHu.
MoxHa BBaxaru, qo nicnn roro, flK [C3 gMiHilna npaKTuKy csoei po6oru srigHo si crparerieo KoMnfleKcHoro reHlepuoro nigxofly, ue BnailHyno Ha craBfleHHfl Ta AyMKr4 nx uyxaria po6ir, rax i nignpueucre no
aiflHoueHro go crari, a raKox nepcoHany !C3 y npoqeci npaqeBnauryBaHHfl ,lonoeixia i xiuox Ha KoHxperHi po6o,li rvicqn r,t HalaHHfl iuuux nocnyr. flpr,rHar,ruui gaHe onuryBaHHr noKa3ye, Uo 6insuicru uyxarie
po6orur ra po6oroflaeqia eeaxarcTb, u.lo nocnyril [C3 HalaorucR qonoeixau i xiHxarir oAHaKoBo.
llpore, locei[, na6ytuit HaMil Ao r-lboro racy, flae niflcraeil BBaxaru, Uo cneqianuHi gaxofll4 noniruru
ie aa6esneqeHHfl reHgepHoi piaHocri, rLlo peanisyerbce yepe3 [C3, woxe oxonuril rinuxu ualut,t cerMeHT
TaKoro cKnagHoro nilTaHHfl, rK reH4epHa piaHicru Ha pilHKy npaqi, a ue uupuri npoqec[ y aigHocuuax Nix
npaqiaHt,txaNr,t l,r po6orogaBuflMt4, nxi SaxruvHo Belyrb go pieHocri crarett.
Hara6insua Hepo3B'R3aHa npo6neua Ha yxpaiHcuxoMy pr/HKy npaqi, xorpa o6uexye flocryn xiHor go
po6orur, 3oKpeMa Ao Kpaule onnaryaauoi ra 6inuu npecruxHoi, noflflrae y gucxpmuiuaqii s 6oxy po6orolaeLlie. Po6oro,qaaqi qacro BhnpaBgoByrorb HaAaHHr nepeBaril npaqiauurau-qonoairaM crepeor[nHuMt4
Sisurni ra poayuoai sgi6Hocri xiuor i cirvreraHi o6oB'R3xu (lepacuueHro, 2008; nP00H,
2007a', Human Rights Watch, 2003). Po6oro4aeqi, sorpeua y ManoMy npilBarHoMy cexropi, eacro [r4c-
yflBaeHHeMt4 npo
xpurrliHyoru MonoAr4x npereHAeHTor na po6ory repes ixHro earirHicru, rorqyBaHHF Ir4Tr4Ht,r, HasaHicru Airet4
Hauip rrlaru Airer,t (Dudwick et al., 2002). O[uH cner-lianicr [C3, rxut,t ysne yHacrb B onilTyBaHHi, ni4rpurvrye qer,t Saxr, creepflxyro,{r4, ri-lo po6orolaaqi eiggarorb nepeBary npaqieuuxau-qonosixaM repes ueuui
noueceui BTparil po6ororo Hacy ra rveHurr,t o6csr Aogaruosflx coqianbHilx Bilnflar ta niflbT, nepeg6areHrx
rr
yxpaiucuruu 3aKoHoAaBcrBoM, ypaxoByroer4, u-lo xirxu 6epyrb AoBrocrpoxosi aignycrufi no sarirHocri ra
noflorax i no gomngy 3a AilTt4Holo, a raKox onnavysani aignycrxu no IorflflAy 3a xB0p0r0 Ar4TvrHolo q14
iHuurvr qfleHoM cirvr'i .{acriue, Hix qonoeixur. Xo.la flenxi ail,qil TaKux Bilnflar ocHoeaHi Ha coqianuuoMy crpaxyaaHHi npaqororiux oci6, a caue eignycrxa no sarirHocri ra nonorax i aipnycrxa no flornrAy 3a xB0p0]0 At4Tt4Holo .tr,1 iHlxrrvt HneHoM cilrr'i, i ToMy qacrKoso siAruxoAoByrorbcr OoHgow cotliarsuoro crpaxyBaHHe 3
rilMqacosoi BTparil npaqe34arHocri, geRxulvr po6orolaBLlflM, MoxflrirBo, qet,t Qaxr,qoci Heeiflotvltttt. Kpiw roro, 6inuuicru is Hr,rx ganenoroeHi u.loAo [ogarKoBr4x onepaqir,tHt,tx BTpar qepe3 rpneani a6o qacri nepiolu
nigcyrHocri ixHix xeaniSiroaanr4x npaqieuuria.
2s
OTxe, floeoni ulegpi coqianuHi a[nnaril ra ninuru i xop-
29 Pesynurari,l rpyHToBHor0 AocniAxeHrR Ha ocxosi irrepa'n 3
fiflTaHb reHAepH0r I14cKp14MrHaqil Ha yKparHcbK0My pt4HKy npaLlr,
craHoM, HaBeAeHi y Human Rights Watch (2003, pp.28-33) Br.rxoAq,rv 3 BflacHo.o AocsiAy, MrI r\iroxeMo 3a3Ha\urfl, u.lo
Br4cHoBKr4 qboro AocniAxeHHfl Bce ule axryansHi.
nos'qeaHoi e
ciMer4H,4rvr
43
crKe rpyAoBe 3aKoHo[aBcrBo, ll-10 3axilu]ae xiHoK, crBop]ororb Ann po6orolaBqiB HerarilBHi cfl4Myflt4 il, TaKUM euHoM, Moxyrb qacro AiflTt4 npol4 iHTepecie xiHox.
Ittuut,t pecnoxgeur is [C3 Ao[aa, r4o po6orogaaqi aiggaorb nepeBary npaqeBflauryBaHHo .toroeixie
Ha nocaAil cepegxuoinaHxu (xepieurxie nigpos4inia rorunaHii) r,t nocagr, u1o norpe6yroru pyvnoi npaqi, rogi
sx xiuxau aiggaerucn nepeBara 4nn po6oru B TaKilx rany3flx, flK nerKa npoumcnoaicru, roprianR ra 6yxranrepcuxut,t o6nix. Taxuut Ht4HoM, [C3, nltoxnr,rBo, 3aoxogye xiHox go po6oru y nerxir,l npoMLlcnoBocri, csepi
nocayr a6o gepxaauouy cexropi, Ae 3apnnara Hilxye. Ue - oAHe 3 rofloBH14x nilTaHb, nxi [C3 cni4 er,rpiuy-
Baru B paMKax caoei ginnuHocri g xouueKcHoro reH,qepHoro ni4xogy.
lle oAHe Baxfl[Be nilTaHHfl, xorpe cnig xeeigxnagHo aupiuyearu EC3 iypngy, noflffTae B HenoflcHt4Mouy rarqi oco6nilao Hil3bKoTo nonury ua npaqiauuxie o6ox crarer,t aixoru 6inuue 45 poxia, nxrr,t uoxe npuMytlJyBaril 6araruox 3apeocrpoBaHrx 6espo6irHrx qiei aixosoi rpynu Bilxo4uru s o6nixy [C3 ra uyKarr po6ory a HeperyflboBaHorrly ne$opManbHoMy cexropi ru euirpyaaril 3a KopfloH.
OnrryaaHHr uyxarie po6orm raKox Haragye HaM, u-lo 6araro yxpaiHrlia Mucnrrb reHlepHilMr4 crepeoTrnaMil, BBaxaoYu, ttlo .ronoeixil noeuHui sapo6nnru 6inuue r,t 6araro npaqoBar[, rogi nx xitxu moxyru
sapo6nnru MeHUle, aJIe Marr 6inuue Hacy Ha AornrA sa giruuu ra ciuer,tni o6oa'qsxu, i rLlo [C3 ueo6xigHo
BpaxoByBaril qi pisHi unotpe6r,, HaAaoeil piououraHirHi nocflyril ra ni46r,tparovu po6ory ffrq csoix xnieHrie.
[engepHi crepeorun[ mu6oxo xopiHnrucn y ecix piaxnx yxpaiHcuroro cycninscraa 30, i, na xaab, He [ocrarHbo eMiHrru npaKrilKy po6orr,r !C3, 14o6 srvriHuru Kyabrypy eciei xpaiura. BogHorac, [C3 ei4irpae xnroeoBy ponb B y3ro4xeHHi nponoanqii Ta nonilry Ha puHKy npaqi, y cnprntni pieHorvry 4ocrynoai xinox i qoroaixia go nxicHoi gat,tHqrocri, Ta B ycyHeHHi ioryroroi Hepiarocri y ralysi npaqi ra 3aHflTb. Kpirvr roro, ,!C3
Moxe cnyryBar[ npuKna4oM HaflexHoi nparruxr, 3anepery]oqil genri e nouupeHilx crepeorilnH[x yrBneHb
tl-1040 reHlepy Ha puHKy npaqi VxpaiHr. BnpoeagxeHHfl aKTTBH[x gaxoAie Ha pilHKy npaqi, nxi 3aoxortytorb
rpoMaArH 6paru yracru y HerpaAuqittHr4x polax 3aHflTb i npo$ecinx 3a AonoMororo npoSecir,rHoi opienraqii
ra pealisaqii Haa'lanuH[x Moxflr4Bocreil, a raKox gieaa cnienpaqn s po6orolaBqrM[ 3agrfl 3MeHUeHHfl
eaxnilei saco6r4 no4oflaHHfl reHgepHilx crepeo4tlcxpurrltiHaqittHoi npaxruxu a ranyoi nparli ra 3aHrrb
runia, xapaxrepHilx gnr po6oro4aaqie i uyxarie po6oru, i nprnr,rueHrn npo$ecir,rnoi cerperaqii (110, 2009).
-
30 V gxepeni nP00H (2007b) noAaHo KoMnneKcHr.ru ananis reHAepHilx crepeorfiniB
o Vrpaini, 30KpeMa y lnaai 3.4 Haeegero qixaei
nxi 6aoyorucr Ha on[TyBaHHl Ayrv]K14 uloAo reHAepH[x acnexris y cQepi exoton,tirHoro xrlTTfl r,r rpy4oalrx aiAHoct4x.
B14cHoBKrt,
44
luo reHAepHill4 po3p14B y piaHi sal4Hnrocri e YxpaiHi MeHUe, nix y cepegluotuy a 0c,
i rLlo 6eepo6iTTfl cepefl yxpaiHcurux xiHox Huxqe, Hix cepe[ qonoeixia, yxpaiHcuxrar,t prHox npaqi xapaKTepu3yerbcfl flBHoto Hepieuicro Mix qonoeixaMil Ta xiuxauu. V gaHouty ,qocnilxenui e[seneHi HacrynHi ronoeHi acnexrr qiei uepieHocri:
Hegeaxaloqil
Ha Te,
nigtocHo Hrouxur,r piaeHu sat4Hnrocri xinox giropoguoro eixy (24-29 poxu), ulo np[380fl14Tb
3HaqHoTo reHlepHoro po3pt4By a piaHnx eafiHsrocri y Uitt eixoeil4 rpyni;
[0
Hilguxi piaHi eroHol'rriqHoi arrileHocri xiHox eixoM 6inuue 50 poxia qepe3 Hil3bKtttt neHcittnutt
eix ra gucxpr,rruiHarliro ga aixovl, u-lo cnpufle reHAepHilM po3pilBaM y neucil,tHovty aa6esnereHHi
ra y nxocri xilTTn crapuux noxoniHu;
.
.
BupaxeHa cerperaqin pr,tHxy nparli (nx ropueoHraflbHa,
rar i eepruxanuua);
uepieHur,t poonolin nocrir,tHoi onnaryeaHoi po6ona ra HeonaaqyeaHoi gouauHuoi po6oru, eefluKa qacrKa xiHox ua po6ornx uicqsx cyruHiaHoi nrocri repee 6pax po6ormx uict-lu 3 rHyHKvlM
rpaSixorvr po6oru ra Soprvauru gat,tHsrocti, 3py'llHt4x [nR cilrn'i;
.
.
Beflr4Kr4fr rengepHur,t po3p14B
y eapnnari;
yxpar,l ailcoxr4t4 pieeHu 6espo6irrn Monogux qonoeixie (15-24 poxu), craHoBl4u-le flKilx 3HaYHO
noripurunocn repes umHiutHr0
.
Kp143y;
reH4epHi poapr,lat,t e oxonneHHi 6eapo6irHr,rx nocnyraMil [C3, [onouoToo no 6espo6irrn ra axqonoeirie Io peecrpauii y [C3.
rutBHt4M14 nporpaMaMil Ha pilHKy npaqi repes MeHUy cxmnuHicru
lHiqial,1ea s noniruxyr piauux Moxnr4Bocrera, nxy ,[C3 peanisye e 2001 p., cnpflMoBaHa Ha ycyHeHHfl Aenrilx ie qux Ailcnponoprlir,r sa 4onoMorolo opraHieaqir,rnux stuiH i unsxotu inrerpaqii npuuqunie pisurx Noxn[socret4 y noBcflKEeHHy pinnuuicru Cnyx6r,r. V flaHorvry flocni4xexHi noKa3aHo, uto [C3 floKnano 3HaHHilx
peeynurar, eo3ycilnb i aurparuno gHaqHi pecypct4 Ha cnpilRHHR rengepHir,r pieuocriy ceoit,t flisnsHocri.
fr
Ha flocflrna 3HaqHoro nporpecy B npocyBaHHi piaHoro craBreHHr,qo ceotx xnieHrie i y cnpunuui cnpaBe,qnilBoMy Aocryny go caoix nocayr i saxopia.
HacrynHa 3alaya gnn ecix ypflAoBr4x oprauie i gepxaeuux aigotucts, aignoeiganrHrx ea pospo6neuHs i
npoBeleHHR gepxaanoi noniruxu sat4Hnrocri, B ToMy,iilcni 14 [C3, nonnrae s sa6esne!eHHi piauocri pesynuraria Ann vonoeixie i xiHox xa yxpaiucuxoMy pr4HKy npaqi unnxoM ycyHeHHn ocHoBonofloxHilx npilquH
icHyroroi HepiaHocri. EQexrueuuut iHcrpyrueHroM y qboMy ei4uoueHHi e nporpaMu no3ilTl4BHt4x 4it,t, cnpnMoaaHi ua g6inuuexHn yracri xiHox y puHxy nparli, noKpau-leHHr MoxJtrlBocreta ixuuoro npaqeBnauryBaHHs r,1 gaoxoreHHfl Ha[aHHfl nocnyr ig Aornqly ga girurur. BaxnuautN iucrpyueHroM noKpau-leHHfl craHoBt4u]a
xiHox Ha puHxy npaqi e 3axogt4 axrileHoi noniruxu Ha prHKy npaqi (Al-lPl-l), anpoeagxyaaHi cunaur [C3.
Vpaxoaynrr BilcHoBKr4 Aocnilxeuun, arxnapeHi ByrUe, Ta npilKnaAil nepefloaoi npaKTLtKl4 KoMnfleKcHo-
ro reH.qepHoro niuofly
cTocoBHo
BOA|/,|MO XOHrpOnUHUr,r CnUCOK
AnPn i [c3 y po3BilHeHux xpaiHax, nolaHi
AA9 KOMnneKCHOTO ypaxyBaHHfl nUTaHb
B HacrynHoMy
poslini, Mu Ha-
reHgepHoi pienocri y ginnuuocri ra
nporpaMax !C3, nicnn qoro BilKflaAeHo pr[ noniru.]Ht4x peKoMeH4aqiur 4ns yrpaiHcbKl4x oprauie BnaAu ra
ycraHoB, r4o eignoailaorb 3a KoMnneKCH14r,t leHgepHnt,t nigxig go noliruxr sat4Hnrocri.
45
Pexouenflaqii Ann flC3 Yxpaltu
lnn roro, u.lo6.qali noKpaulyBaril pe3ynbrarilaHicru po6ol,t AC3 crocoBHo KoMnfleKcHoro reHflepHoro
nigxo4y, oco6nNeilt4 Harofloc cni4 spo6r,tru Ha HacrynHoMy.
'
3rlaMyBauHi lelAepHux crepeorilnie
ra reHgepuoi cerperaqii y npoSecir,tHoMy HaBqaHti ra po-
6ori;
po6ori e po6orogaeLlrMI HaA sa6egne,JeHHflM reHlepHo-Het,trpanuuux npoqecie Har,tuaHHs ra
nig6opy xalpie;
HalalHi cneqialuHrx, rirxo cnpnuoBaHilx axrreisaqir,tHux saxogie 4rn xiHox, nxi nepe6yeaoru
y HeenrigHorvry cranoar,tuli;
niAroroeLli nnauy aa6esneteHHfl reHlepHoi piaHocri, pospo6neuui noxaeHuxia reHAepHoi
pieHocri, craopeHHi ct4creMu perynflpHoro uouiroprHry ra oqiuxr,r Bt4KoHaHH, t-lboro nflaHy
Ha
HacrynH[x eTanax.
1. 0cxosHi 3axoAu ulogo 3naMyBaHHf, feHflepnux crepeornnia
ra lexgepxoi cerperaqli y npoSecifuoMy
HaBqaHHi
ra po6ori:
nepeaipurr eci ix$opNaqiuni rvrarepiaru, uagaHi [C3 (He fluule ri, qo npe4craBleHi y reHgepKyrogKax) ua npeguer ga6egne,leHHr roTo, qo6 aoHu He crBopoBaflil BpaxeHHr, 1-lo KoHxperuut,t pi4 saHnru 6inuue nigxoguru ogHir,t crari, qo6 y Haseax nocaA 3acrocoByBanficr reHgepHo-uettrpanuui QopmynloBaHHe (nicnn eHeceHHn aignoeigaflbHt4M
flepxaBHIM aigoucraour
arrlitt y HaqioHanuHutr,r rnacr,r$ixarop npo$ecir,r), a Ha inocrpaqinx so6paNyeanrcs xiHxr4 ra .lonoaixu, npaqoori y xerpaguqir,tnux npo$ecinx (nanpuxnag, xiuKa, npaqooea eeapHuqen a6o
H14x
mexaHixorvr Ha npoMl4cnoaoNy ni4npmeMcrBi3l,
ra qonoaix, npaqrororut,t rveg6parorvsz;;
ga6eonequrr, u-lo6 iHIilei,qyanuHi KoHcyflbraHTil 3 nrraHb gafrHnrocri Ta HaBqaHHr, araKox nepc0Hafl, q0 npoB0Al4ru rpynoei iu$opNaqitaHi ra npoQopieHrarlilrui saHflTTfl, florpr4MyBaflucfl
np0qeAyp, ll-10 He no6y4oaaHi Ha HenpaBilabHfix npilnyueHHqx i feH,qepHilx crepeorrnax. 3a6eene'1ilril TaKox, t.t1o Bt4qe3ragari cneqianicl,t ycai4orrirfloBanil norpe6y B ocnoploBaHHi crepeorfinHoro aN6opy uyxavia po6orr t,t saoxovyearN ix go po3rflrgy uerpagNqiranr,rx c$ep HaBHaHHfl t,1 po6oru. fiyxe xoprcHilMt4 Morflil 6 6yru perynrpHe feH[epHe HaBeaHHfl nepcoHany
EC3 ra cneqianuHi uarepiaru 3 reH,qepHilx n!4TaHb (a6o y nilcbMoBoMy errnngi, a6o y Soprui
HaBqarbHoro Sinuuy Hil npe3eHTaqii). MoxHa raKox po3rnflHyn4 rrloxnIeicru BnpoBaAxeHHr
uitcnexqiIHoi) cr4creMil, cnpflMoBaHoi Ha nepio4raruy nepeeipxy K0HcynbraHria ni4 .jac ixt-tuoi
noBcflKAeHHoi po6oru, 3oKpeMa nepeaipxy roro, Lrlt 3acrocoBylorb BoHt4 npaxrurui Mero4t4,
ryrnrai Ao reH[epHoi 4ttcxptttvtittaqii (Ha6ip
Moxlt4Bmx 3an[TaHb nopaxur,r
y
Drews, 2008,
p.52);
pO3rnflHyr14
nrraHHr npo po3txr4peHnn cSepu nonirnxr, 14o6 nepeg6aeur!4 KoHcylbryBaHHr
uonoAi y cepeguix trKonax. llpo$opie xrarlir,tHy iniqianaay y Qopnri ypoKy Alfl uronrpis u[eHgep i npoSecin,, pospo6neHoro Kuiecuxilrvr ruicrxuvr UeHTpoM sat4HRrocri, cnig amnpo6yBaril,
nepe$opruynmaaru
31 gygoei npuKna4u
32 Tari auna4rra
46
Ta
nouuprrr4 no
ecit4 Vxpaixi;
- axqiorepni ToBapr.tcrBa'Ilyraucuxrennoaog' i ,3A3,.
uoxta
anurepraruauy cnyx6y.
(nrqo norpi6Ho)
enat,trn s 0HxonoTi,.lHr4x
rixaprnx,4e uonogi Blt,lcbKo803060B'rsaHi xnonqi flpoxoAflTb is pelirrrHux
t\,ltpKyBaHb
3a6e3nequl4, Uo6 yci AonoBHrrbHi iusoprvraUirani uarepianr, noe'sgaHi s npo$ecit,tHilM HaBeaHHflM, He 3Heoxoqysanil xiHor i qonoeixie eig npoxogxeHHfl HaBrraHHfl 3a HeTpaAuqit,tHuuu
npoSecinvrr,t. [operxo raKox Ha4aril [oAarKoBy nigrpuurxy (uanpuxrag, nc[xorori,{Hi
rpexixrl,l) Aflr HaAaHHfl cnyxagaM AonoMon4 Ha Her[noBux Kypcax. Vxpat,t xopttcHo]o B qboMy
aiAHo[ueHHi e HaAaHHfl
n
ruoxruaocri at,tnpo6yaaHxn pisHux rypcis is neenilNr ycraHoBneHuM
Bt4-
po6yaan uu r,t N repru i Hotvt,
AonoMorl4 3anepeqyBaru ictryrori reHgepHi crepeorunil (sa gonorvroroo npo$ecit,tHoi
opieHrar.lii, Aopaleux saxopie i roxcynuraqira), xonur 6eepo6irHi xiHxu ra lonosixt4 sr6rparct
rany3b exoHowri,rHoi 4innsuocri ra pig saunrs 4nn oprarisaqii enacHoi cnpaau sa SiHaucoeoi ra
HeSiHancoaoi nigrprurr,QC3.
3axo[[ y poOori 3 po6oroAaBqnMx HaA sa6esne{eHHcilt
feHlepHo-Helrrpanuurx npoqecia xalmaxxn ra nig6opy xagpin:
2. OcnosHi
ail yciei npaKTurKlr, u-lo cnphfle reHgepHo-cneqr$irHouy uat,tuaxno, Ta He B[npaBAoByBanr ii norpe6oro pearyBaHHn Ha norpe6fi rnienrie (ro6ro po6orogaauia) su norpe60rc ,qorpnuaHHfl 3aKoHy, r4o sa6opoHfle BilKopr4craHHfl npaqi xittox Ha 6araruox augax
yrpt4MyBarilcn
po6ir.ss Tpe6a nigxpecflun4, nlo xiHor ue cnig saslaneri[u BBaxaril He3AarHfiMt4 np0B0It4Tt4
6araro gHia y aippngxeuunx a6o nilHilvraru eaxxi npeAMerfl, Hepe3 u.lo B Ht4x HeMae Eocryny
Ao AeeKt4x noca4. frqo rracu KoHKperHa BuMora (Hanpuxnap, agaruict niAHiuarr eaxri
npegrvrel,r) e 6asoeorc flafl nocafloBoi iucrpyxUii Ann gaHoi noca,qu, ro raxi slaruocri cnig epo-
o6'erruBHr4Mt4 xpnrepinuu gar4Hnrocri 6esaigHocHo crari xau4ulara. flxtL-lo xiHxa qil 'lonoeix eeaxarilMe qo BilMory He4operHoro, To BoHa qu giH Mar4xe HaneBHo eiguoerrucR ail qiei
6rru
po6orr;
[onoMoroo pisHrx saxolie esaeuogii s po6oroganqnuu (rarux rr iHgraigyaflbHe KoHcynbryBaHHfl r,t pexoueHgaqii, HaarauHfl 3 nilTaHb pieHocrira pisttotrraHirrs Inq xepieHuxie
icneqianicrie xagpoaux cnyx6, eaginHt,tx y Ha6opi xa4pie, roulo) 3aoxo'lyBar[ ix sano6iraru 4urcxpr,rruiHaqii y Ha6opi ra npaqesnauryaauHi nepcoHany (sa osuaxon crari,
aixy, iHaanigHocri rorqo) r,r cnprnru piaHocri, B14K0p14croByloqt4, HanpIKnaE, HacrynHi ap-
3a
ryMeHTil:
o
nepeBaru y cnpunuHi piauocri Ta y cnpaBeAnilBoMy craaneHHi Ao nogett y xa6opi ra
ni,qroroeqi xa4pia i posaurxy ixHuoi enacHoi ocHosnoi flinnuHocri. [e, soxpeua, uJt4p-
Q
Koflo xau4ugaria Ha saraHrHi uicqn ra 6insua Moxnilaicru ycyBaril le$iqur
xaani$ixoaaHux xagpia y cQepax io rLlinsruuu pr4HKaMu npaqi; nigemqeHa 3aAoBoneHicru npaqiaHr,txia, ulo flonoMarae 3aflyqarfl Hosr4]4 nepcoHafl i yrpruyaarr icuytorNr,l, cxoporye B[Tparil Ha Ha6ip ragpia i uoxe nils14Uilril npoIyKTr4BHicru; noxpauleHrr,r KopnoparuBHrt,t irvigx cepeg Moxnunux npaqiaHilxia, xnieHrie, cy6ni4png-
ue
Hhxie, nocra,iansH14xie ra
2008);
.
y uupruir,t rponragi, Ae po3Tauoeaxo nipnpreucreo
(CBl,
roro, ulo npaqieHux a6o xonnurHirlt npaqiarur nolacrb no3oB Ha opraHisaqirc, xorpa gie Bcynepeq 3aKoHy. [et,t npoqec uoxe 6yru floporilM 3 ToqKil 3opy
icHye ruoxnilaicru
racy i xourie;
33 Vxpaiscsxe 3aKoHoAaBcrBo, flKe He Ao3Bonre xinxan saxvrar[ neaHi nocaAlr a6o npaqnaaru B neBHLlx yMoBax, He ocHoBaHilx Ha
o6 exrnsil4x xpurepirx, ni44aoru xpnruqi. ypaxoByroe14, ulo raxi nonoxerHn ne cyuicri 3 nprlHllunoM reHAepHoi pinHocri ra cxBaflooTb
gncr<puuinaqiro uloAo xiHoK y 6araruox ar,rgax po6ir, peKoMeHAyerbce BHecrfi 3MiH14.qo K3nT], qo6 ysrogurn froro s NtixHapoAu14tvtt4 HopMaltt4
crocoBHo pienoro crasnerHfl y rany3i npaqi, soxpeura y pocryni Ao 3aiHflTocTi (Ar,ra. Human Righls Watch (2003, pp. 14-17)).
47
po3po6[Tt4 nopflAoK [il,t crocoBHo Ar4cKpr4MiHaqi14Hr4x po6oroAaBqia, nxi 4opyrarorr [C3
agit,tcHmsarr grcxptttvtiHarlir,rHi
eil ixHsoro iNeri npur ny6nirarlii orofloueHHfl npo BaxaHcito a6o rucHyru ua [C3 ie qieo Meroo. flepcoHan [C3 noar,rHeH noflcHoBaru po6oToAaBqsM, qo npflMa a6o Henpnua gucxputvrinaqin sa 03HaKaMil crari, airy qu iHunx oco6rcrrx xapaKTepficn4K, He noB'fl3aHux is sgaruicrn BilKoHyBaril gaHy po6ory, cynepeeilTb 3aKoHoAaBcrBy. Crig HaronocilTt4, tqo xaaniSixaqir,1Hi ailMoril nosuHHi 6yru eraloHoM flnfl oqiuxtt ra at46opy Hat,lxpaqoro KaHAuAara Ha BaKaHTHe uicue. Cner]ianicnr [C3
Moxyrb, nxqo norpi6Ho, Ha,qaBaril [onoMory y eupo6neHHi ro.iHux xpr,lrepiia uar,ruaHHs
ra nig6opy xagpie, nepeaipqi sanB, po3po6nerxi npoqeflyp aig6opy Ha ocxosi KoMnere H qii;
lii
npaUoBaril s po6orogaeLleMil Ha[ neperneAoM xeaniSixaqir,rHilx Br4MoT y rany3flx, Ae nepeBaxatorb qonoeixil a6o xisxu, tt-lo6 eoHr 6ynr,r npuaa6nrBilMu gnn o6ox crarefr, Ta nepeKoHyBaru ix npoao4uru cnie6ecigy e yciua saneHilKaMu 3 He4ocrarHbo npe4craBfleHilx rpyn, nxi
ai4noeigaoru uiHiuanuHuN xpurepinu sip6opy;
nponoHyBaru cy6cuAii Aflfl cfl4MynosaHHR gar4Hsrocri a6o iHui cruuynr,l
(rari sx, gueHueui
BHecKrt Ha coqianuHe oa6esneeeHHr, rKu-lo ruoxnrao), rLlo6 ocna6mrr onip po6orogaeqia y xaAaHHi po6orh qu MoxnIeocrer,r yrxiacrea oco6nusilrvr xareropinru 6espo6irHrx. Uer,t saxig
cniA uaqint,tril Ha re, ulo6 4onoruortr oco6au, flKr4x BaxKo npaqeBnauryBarr, npiltoMy Heo6oe'R3roBo rru, sxi ailsHa.ieHi y q14HHoMy 3axoHi "Ipo oar,tHnricru uaceneHHfl) flK qreHLl
Bpa3nrBux rpyn. [e Moxyrb 6yru uono4i nrcgu 6es goceigy po6oru, xiHxr crapue 45 poxie
ra .ionoeixil crapue 50 poxia, npaqieHtztru 3 060a'q3xaMil uloAo Aornnly, oAr,troxi lattxn,
oco6r o6ox crarel,t is rpueanrur repruiHaNm 6espo6irrn rr 6esginnsHocri, a raKox rpy4oei
uirpaxru, u{o noBepraorbcfl [ofloMy. llpore, cnoqarKy rpe6a npoaecril perenbHe eunipurHe
flocniAxeHnn, qo6 Bu3HaHul4 rareropii npaqiexuxie, Anfl Korpr4x qer,t saxig e Har,t6inuu eQexT14BH14M.
3. 0cHoeHi saxoflr,r y Hagarxi cneqianuxrx,
rirxo cnpnuoBaHlx axrrBioaqilxnx saxoAis 4nn xixox,
nxi nepe6yaarcrb y HeBurignomy craxoanuli:
np0B0[t4Tt4 nporpaMil no3iln4BHr,rx [iN, sxi nepeg6ararcrs iuguaigyanuurr,l nigxig, i
nil
roprryearr
oco6nilei norpe6u KoHKperHLrx rpyn is Mero]o iHrerpaqii ix y pr,tHox npaqi.
ll'Rrueigcorxoeut,t uopuarfiB Anfl 3axilcry Halt6inuu ypa3a[Bilx cni4 saNiHuril HI AonoBHt4Tt4
cyqacHilMl4 ra e$exrraHiuuNu 3axogaMil AnPn, raKrMr4 nr poraqin po6ir i poaginennn po6orr, cy6cugii Ha crilMyntoeaHHR ear4Hsrocri, gueHueHHs eHecria xa coqianuHe sa6egneqeHHr,
cxeutl npo$ecit,tHoi niAroroexu tt nepenigroroBKil Ta, Moxnt4Bo, cxeMil caMo3ar,tHnrocri. Kpirvr
toTo, cnig nepernflHyfl4 nepenir ypa3nilBux rpyn Ha ocHoei ocraHuix crarilcfl4qH[x IaHux npo
6espo6irrn 3 HacrynHilM 3arBeplxeHHRtvr r,roro llapnaueurou y snriuax Io 3axoHy ullpo gar4Hsricrs HaceneHHe,,. Koprcuo nepe46aruru neBHy rHyHKicrs i cauocrir,tnicrs perioHanuuux
qeHrpie sattxsrocri B UboMy eigHoueHHi, ToMy rlo nepenix ypa3nfiBrx rpyn Moxe sHa\Ho
eigpisHnrmcn 3arexHo aig periouy. TeMarilqxi ceuiHapu, u.lo ix [C3 VxpaiHr,l npoBoAt4Tb y reHAepHrx rny6ax, ue pocrarHi Enn pos6y4oBil cnpoMoxHocri go sailHsrocri Bpa3flLlBr4x xinox i
3axo[14 AllPl-l
.ronoaixie;
48
ul06 niABt4u-lr4rut piBeHb yqacri Bpa3nilBilx xiHoK y npoQeci14Hi14 niproroBUi (nepeniproroeqi) ra iuurr,rx 3axolax AnPn, BaxfluBo nepeg6arrril Moxnileicrb rHyHKoro rpa$ixy
sipaipaHr (y rouy qilcni o6oe'fl3KoBr4x perynflpHNx eiourie Ao LleHTpy sat,tHnrocri), qo6
Kypcx y3rogxyBaailcr e rpaSirarun po6oru xiuox is ciuer,rHurvrh o6oe'Rsxavu i tqo6 HagaBafl[cfl nparrurui nopalu r,t Aonouora y nouyKy 3pyrHo po3TauoBaHux AolrxinuHux [t4Trqux gaxraAie;
ra BuKoHaril, pa3oM s iHurflruil ypfl.qoBilM14 opraHaMil, nnaH [it,t, cnpnuoaaHuta Ha
Kpaqe y3rogxeHHr po6orr s ciueutuuvr xr4TTflM. [C3, oa[.iaraHo, He eignoeigae ea HaRaHicru
nocflyr ig AomnAy sa AiruMil e VxpaiHi. flpore, BoHa Moxe gyxe e$exrilBHo npaqoBaril B HanpflMKy noKpaueHHfl Moxfl14Bocrer,r sal4HsrocrixiHor (a iHoli r,r ronoeixie) is o6oe'nsxaMu u-lo[0 rqornflIy, flKu-lo 3HaxogurruMe flnr Hilx po6ory Ha yMoBax HenoBHoTo po6ororo racy a6o popospo6ral,r
6ory sa rHyqKr4MI rpa$ixaur.
4. Ocxoaxi 3axoAr,r y niArorosqi nnaxy oa6esne'{eHHf, leHAepHoi piaxocri Ann AC3,
pospo6nerni noxasxlris fengepxoi pianocri, craopenri clcreuI peryflf,pHoro moriropuxry
ra oqixxn Bur(oHaHHfl qboro nnaHy Ha HacrynHux eranax:
ni4roryaarr gnacril14 nnaH sa6esneqeHHr reHgepHoi pieHocri 3 BHKopr4craHHflM npuKflalia nepegoaoi npaKTuKr4. V qer,l nnau rpe6a exnoruru HacrynHi ocHoeHi KoMnoHeHTil:3araflbHa Mera
r,t roxxperHi safla,ii, ovixyeari pe3yabraril, IocflrHeHHfl e pesynurari BilKopr4craHHn ru pospo6xu npogyxqii ei4noaigHo Ao KoHKperHilx 3alqar, noKa3HtlrKr4 peeynnaria nflaHy, crparerii Ta Merogonorin nnaHy, 4ii rr aaxogr4, u-lo npoBogr4Tr4Myrbcfl aignoaiflHo Ao Br43HaqeHux crpareriil,
oprarisaqin pecypcia (eroHoruirHrx, KagpoBr4x, TexHiyHr4x, iH$pacrpyxrypur,rx), rorpi enxopttcroByBarilMyrbcfl npil eilxoHaHHi nnaHy sa6esneeeHHr reupepHoi piaHocri Ta nnaHyBaHHfl
oqirxu (gua. opranisaqir4ny cxeMy B fiogarxy, pmc. A.2). fierani KoxHoro KoMnoHeHTa 3 npilKfla.qaMu, a raKox crucnrr,t onilc npaKTilKu perynflpHoro uoHiropilHry HaBeAexi y Drews
(2008);
flK ogyrH ig xounoHeHria nnaHy ga6egneyeHHr reu4epHoi piaHocri
T[
-
poopo6rn4 Ta BKflHrqr-
y 3aranbHy c14creMy vroHiroprHry girnuuocri [C3. [i noxasnuxil noailHHi craril ocHoBoo eaxolia is nnaHyaaHHR ra
orliHoaauuR ixxix peeynuraria. ilpurna4u norasHilxis, u1o Moxyrb 6yru xopucui gnn
noKa3HilKr,r lvroHiropuHry AocflrHeHHfl reHIepHoi pieuocri
euuiprcaaHHfl pe3ynbrarilsHocri AC3 y cnprnHHi reH4epHir,l piaHocri Ha puHKy npaqi a Vx-
pairi,
HaeegeHi Hilxqe y
ra6n. 5.1. Hanpuxna[, u-lo6 or]iHuru reH4epHur,t Bnfl[B HaBqaHHr,
ulo r,toro sa6esnerye [C3, ueo6xiguo no4ueuruce Ha xinuxicru ,]onoeixie i xiHox (s pos6ilaxoro 3a eiroeilMtlr rpynaMil, oceiroro, wicqeu npoxuBaHHfl), npaqeanaurroBaHux Ha
xiHeqs HaBqaHHe, nopiaunuo 3 3araflbHoro xinuricrp cnyxaria y eignoai4Hir,r rpyni (reHgep
ra iruri xapaxrepucruru).
49
Ta6n. 5.1.
3anponoroaaHi noxagruxr uotiropuHry flocrrHeHHn feHAepHoi pianocri
lloxasHuxr4
Kpurepir,t Eeranigaqii
OxonneHHR 6eapo6irHoro Hacefl eHHfl
Craru
npaqe3[arHoro aixy (eusuareHoro
3a MeroAonorien M0l'1) nocnyraur ,[C3
Bix, oceira, Nicqe npoxlraaHHn (uicro/ceno)
uxicru 6eue$iqiapis An Pn, npalleBnauroBaHilx
gii cxeuu, no eipHoueuto go saranuHoi
xinrrocri 3apeecrpoBauux uyxavia po6oru,
npaqeBnauroBaHilx ynpoAoBx AaHoro nepiogy
Kin
Ha xiHequ
Brg ypasnuaocri (o6oa'nsKil u-logo pornagy I
ixaani4ricru/craryc uirpaHra, nxur,t noaepraerbcfl
,
roqo), rpuaanicru 6espo6irrn
Bu4 nocnyru
[C3
Kinuxicru 6eHeSiqiapie AnPn, npaqeBnauroBaHrx
Ha riHequ HaBlaHHfl, nopiaHnHo 3 3aranbHoto
xinuxicro yracHuxia AnPn, nxi npor,tunu
HaBqaHHfl
Banoaut,t aiflcorox 3apeecrpoBaHux ulyxavie
po6oru, npaLleBaauroaaxux
[C3
Craru
Bix, oceira, uicqe npoxlraauun (uicro/ceno),
BrA ypa3nrBocri (o6oe'nsKr u-logo gornngy /
ix aan i4H icru/craryc u i rpaHra, n xu t,t no aepraerbcr,
roqo), rpreanicru 6espo6irrn
Cexrop exoHowrixn, $opua enacHocri
l-lpoQecit,tHa rpyna
34
flxicru po6oru (Ha yuoaax noBHoro Hu HenoBHoro
po6ororo racy i rurrltvacoBa, ce3oHHa ru nocrir,tHa)
(inuxicru 3apeecrpoBaHux uyxaria po6orr, nxux
B il Kn
Kan il ugu eigyan uH i xoHcyn uraurLl, Korpt4x
14
3ralyBafl[
Craru
i
a xo4i cnie6ecigur s po6orogaBqflMu
Hil aKTilBHr4x saxoflia ynpoAoBx nepiogy
Bix, oceira, uicqe npoxuraaHHn (uicroiceno),
BLIA ypa3nilBocri (o6on'nsKu u-loAo gornngy /
(ai4 saranuuoi xinuxocri 3apeecrpoBaHilx
uyxavie po6oru)
iu ean igH cru/craryc u rpaura, n xu r,r noaepraerbcfl
roqo), rplleanicru 6espo6irrn
uxicru nignpueucre, ulo Kop14crylorbce
!C3 is npaqeBflauryBaHHfl
Ta KoHcynbryaaHxn (6es nocnyr, noa'RsaHilx ie
gsirHicrlo nepe[ OoH,qoM crpaxyBaHHfl Ha BunaAoK
Cexrop eKoHoMiKr,r, $opua enacHocri, poswrip
Kin
i
nocnyraMu
6espo6irrn), eig sararsxoi xinuxocri nignpueucrai
y KoHTpon bHoluy par,roHi
34
50
geerru npo$ecir,rnux rpyn :a Haqiouansrt,tru xnacusixaropon npoSeci14
Ha ocHoBi MCKll.
i
,
PexouenAaqii yxpaixcbxnM opraHaM BnaAr ra ycraHoBaM
rrl0A0 r(oMnneKcHoro renAepHoro niAxofly Ha plHl(y npaqi
Bepxoaxa Paga Yrpaixr: BHecr[ srvriuu y 3aKoHr4, u-lo perynororu rpygoei ailHocttntt tt alAHoct4Ht4 y c$epi sar,tnnrocri ra AinnuHicru [C3, sorpeua Ko[exc gaxoxia npo npaqo ra 3arox
uflpo ealaHsricru HaceneHHnr, eiflo6pa3ilBrur4 y Hr4x ocHoBononoxui npuHuilnil t,t gaxolil, nepeg6aveni 3axoHoru uilpo sa6esne\eHHfl pieHurx npaB Ta Moxlrt4Bocrefr xiHox i qonoairis,. nepernnHyl4 nepenix ypa3nuBilx rpyn, Ha RKux nouilplororbcfl Aogarxoai rapaurii sat4Hsrocri
srigHo si crarreo 5 3axony ullpo gar,tHqricru raceneHHfl,, il HaAaril perioHanuHuM qeHTpaM
eat4Hnrocri Moxnilaicru rHyqKoro Bu3HaHeHHfl r-lboro nepefiiry. Kpiw Toro, BKfl]oqrru pospo6-
i peaniaaqiro
nnaHy sa6esneeeHHfl fex4epHoi piaHocri [C3, t,loro perynnpHuta uouiropuHr i oqiHxy e saflaqi [C3 (crarrs 19 3axony uIpo sat,tHsr'cru xaceneHHs,);
neHHs
Ypsn (goxpeua MinicrepcrBo y cnpaBax ciu'i, monoAi ra cnopry, nxe siflnoeigae sa pospo6reHHe u enposagxeHHn leHAepxoT crparerii a Yxpaixi): (i) pospo6urr ra noAarr Ao BepxoeHoi Pagr,r VxpaiHr,t fiepxaeny nporpaMy 3 yrBepgxeHHfl reH4epHoi piaHocri a yrpaiHcrxouty
cycninucrei na nepiog ,qo 2016 p., Ae 6ylyru nepeg6aveHi xouxperHi qini, sagavi ra
ei4noaiAHe SiHaxcyaaHHn [C3 VxpaiHr,t flK oKpeMoro [epxaBHoro eipolucrea; (ii) npoaecru
noeHoqiHuy xaunaHin e gaco6ax uacoaoi iH$opNaqii (o enxopucraHHflM collianuHoi peKaauu, 6yxneria i 6pouyp, reneeiei14Hilx i palionporparvr) gnr niperUeHHs o6ieHaHocri Uo,qo
reHAepH[x nt4TaHb, cnp[flHHfl y noAonauHi ynepe.qxeHocri rL-loAo poneu xiHox i vonoeixie y
cycninucrai r,t Ha pr,tnxy npaqi, flonoMoril B ycyHeHHi reHgepuoi cerperaqii y npoSecit,tuorexHiqnir,t ocairi, nilroroaqi xagpie i po6ori, aigxpurrn MoxauBocreut Herpaguqit,tHoi sat4Ftsrocri Ins .ionosirie i xiHox; (iii) npusHarilrr eilnoeiAaflbHr4x oci6 e ycix tuicqeeux gepxaBuux a4NiHicrpaqinx Infl peryflHpuoro uoxiropuHry ororroueHb npo eaxaHcii y tuicqeeux eaco6ax ruacoaoi insopNaqii, npuaarHux areHqisx sailHsrocri ra iHurttx ruicqnx postrriqeuHn
orofloueHb (Hanpuxnag, y rpoMapcbKoMy rpaHcnopri), a raKox Ann npoBeAeHHr aaxopia is
ni,qarUeHHn o6igHanocri rpoMaAcbKocri UoAo Heo6xiAuocri floflepxaHufl npilHqt4ny HeAucxpr,rNiHaqii npr,r nig6opi ragpis i npaqeanauryaaHui; (iv) gonoruararil MicqesuM opraHaM BnaAr,r niAailqyBaru ,qocrynHicru aignoaiAHnx Aurnqux saxnaflie [ns Airett aixoNt Io tuecril
poxia; (v) pospo6r,tnr ra sgir,lcHmril 3axoAr4, cnpruoaaHi Ha 3aoxoqeHHn po6orogaeLlis Ao
crBopeHHfl 6inruoi xinuxocri po6orux uicqu xa yMoBax HenoeHoi sat4Hnrocri ra po6orux
rvricqu ia rHyqKuM
rpa$ixolt po6oru;
fiepxaextI AenapraMeHr Harnrgy 3a AoAepxaHHRM saxoHogaBcrBa npo npaqr] (Mixicrepcrao npaqi ra coqianuuol noniruxn). eQexruauo npallnBaril s po6oropaaqsuut, sxi AonycKalorb
lucrpuuixaqin, ra sa6esneqilTu AorpilMaHHfl nofloxeHb 3axouy VrpaiHu uIpo sa6eeneqeHHfl
piatrx npaB Ta MoxnilBocreut xiHox i qonoeiria, u.loAo sar4Hsrocri, a raKox ocHoBonofloxHt4x
xoHeeHqi14 M0ll, paru$ixoaaHilx VxpaiHoto;
Hayxoao-gocniArnu ixcruryr coqianuno-rpyfloB]rx siflHocrx (Ilyraxcur, Mixicrepcrao npaqi ra
coqianunoi noniruxn): aigropnryaaru Haqioranultttr xnacr$ixarop npo$eciu, opo6ueur aci
Ha3Bx nocaA feHEepHo-Helrpanutuutt;
Aepxaaxlfi xomirer crar[cl,txr{: Hagaru flKoMora geransHir.ni crarucruHFri gaHi npo sapo6irxut
qonoeixie i xiHox, 3oKpeMa gani npo eapo6irxu e pieHux rafiy3rx i pogax 3aHflrb. [!06 yuoxnt4Bl4Tl4 aHanie iHutux nuraHb, noB'fl3aHux is ren4epoM, peKoMeHgyerbce g6inuufiril xinuxicru
ra6nuqu Ha ocHoai laHr,rx B0PC. V Hoeux ra6nrqnx uae 6yru nogaHo rany3eBy crpyxrypy sat,tHsrocri 3a reHgepoM, crpyKTypy garanuHoi sar4Hsrocri ra gar,rHsrocri xiHox i qonoaixie 3a ril-
51
noM BracHocri niAnpueMCTBa (IepxaBHe qil npuBarHe), noKa3HuKt4 HenoBHoi 3al4HflTocri 3a
reHAepoM i craHoarqe Ha pilHKy npaqi HacrynHilx rpyn: (i) 6arsxie i uarepie sa xinuxicno 4iret,l
ra aixoM xaltuono4utoli Autur,u; (ii) ogr,uoxr,rx 6aruxie ra Narepie; (iii) oppyxert,tx (sauixHix),
oAl4HoKl4x i posnyreuux .lonoeixie i xittox; (iv) oci6, sxi He saxiH,lilnil uKony; (v) ertirnr,lx NeHu:ux. YgocnigxeHri nP00H (UNDP,2009a, pp.36-38) peKoMeHAyerucn pospo6nflruranoul4poBar[ AoAarKoBy crarilcr4Ky, noB'fl3aHy 3 reHlepoM, Ha ocxoei icHyrovux nepBilHHr4x AaHilx
er6ipxoaoro o6crexeHHs yMoB xr4rrfl [oMorocnogapcrB, 3oKpeMa Ha ocHoei reHgepuoi ra
eixoeoi cTpyKTypl4 AoMorocnoAapcrB, loMorocno,qapcTB 3 o[14HoK14Mt4 6arUXaUU (rvrarepnrvrr,1)
roqo. llo crocyerbcr crarilcn4Kr4 3apeecrpoBanoro 6eapo6irrn i AllPl-l
Ha ocHoei ssiria [C3,
norpi6Hi HacrynHi gaui s pos6rBKoo 3a reH4epoM: (i) npaqeanauryBaHHr no npo$ecinx (npo-
$ecittHux rpynax); (ii) o6cnr ernna.iexoi AonoMoril no 6espo6irlo; (iii) 3axog14 AnPn, HaAaHi
piaumu Hesa6eaneYeHrM rpynaM, TaKilM flK 6eepo6irHi s inaanigHicro, erHi.lHi MeHUuHt4, KonruHiya'R3neui, tuirpaHru, u-lo noBepranrucn; (iv)3apeecrpoBaHe 6eepo6irrfl Ta nocflyr[, Ha4aHi ueuxaHqnu cinucuxoi uricqeeocri;
Coqianrmi naprHepu: sa6egne.irril nipxi4 Ha ocHoei coqiaruHoro pianory 3 Meroo aupiueuHn
flilraHb pialoro BilHaropo4xeHHfl 3a pieHoqiuny npaqo r,t gr,tcxpurvrinar-lio e ranyei npaqi ra eaHflTb.
52
Aanis: np0qeAypr{ Bnp0BalxeHHr t(oMnreKcHoro reHAepHoro niAxoAy
e AC3 ra incruryqirti uexanigull
Ilpoqegypn BnpoBaAxeHHf,
y [C3
nigxig araaHaHeHo HacrynHilM rir4HoM: uCrparerin, qo nepe46arae BpaxyBaHHfl xoxqenqii reHgepxoi piaHocri a ycix eugax AiRnuHocri,. Mera nonnrae B ToMy, t4o6 ypaxoeyearr
po6ory UoAo reHAepuoi pieHocri y eer,trar,rrir,r ginnuHocri Ha ecix pieunx i e ycix c$epax noniruxu. BaxnmBilM efleMeHTou crparerii o re, U0 i na ynpaaniHcbKoMy, r,t Ha noflir[.ixoNy piaHnx yci axrreHo npaqo]orb
uag sa6esneeeHHflM 3anyeeHHfl acix npaqieruxis go po6oru UoAo reHgepxoi piaHocri.
Taxuur t{t4HoM, crparerin KoMnreKcHoro reHlepHoro nilxo,qy 6ygyerucn Ha nonepe[Hit,t crparerii [C3
HaReHocri KoHcynbraHTia ie pieHux Moxrr4Bocrelt y xoxHoNy perioHi, xorpi npaqrcrcTb B ocHoBHoMy 3 TolKt4 3opy xiHoqilx nuraHb - i aoflHoqac eigxopuru eil Uiei crparerii, B ToMy cerci, ttlo uxitto.ti, npo6neuut
saNriHlolorucf (reHAepHINu,. u0 03Haqae nogeir/tHy ToLrKy 30py Ha nilTaHHf , rI0 cTocyroTbcfl cTaH0B14qa
o6ox crareil.
Mera crparerii Kl-l-l y flC3 npororoueHa HacrynHilM rr4HoM: (i) poepo6uru iHcrpyNeuru ra po6ori npoUelyprl e po6ori Uolo reHlepnoi piaHocri; (ii) pospo6ula oprauisaqir,tHi cxeuu, nri uoxyru sa6esneryaaTil KoMnneKcHe BpaxyBaHHfl reHEepHoi piaHocri; (iii) pospo6urr ra aunpo6yBarfi Mero4u auNipoaauHfl reHgepuoi piaHocri.
V qrorvry ceuci crparerin !C3 e (peaflbH14M KoMnneKcH14M feHAepHilM nigxoflotvt", roMy u-lo feH[epHa
piaHicru iHrerpoeaua y oaranuHi po6ori npoqeAypr4 ra opraHisaqio [C3. Po6ora 3 KoMnfleKcHoro reHflepsoro nilxogy npoBo4r4Tbcfl He rinuxu cneqianicrauil 3 reHlepHoi piaHocri, a r,t raxox ycirua npaqiaHilKaMil.
lHua garanuHa nepeBara crparerii KoMnneKcHoro reHAepHoro nigxopy - ii npaxruxa uoxiroputry i
KoMnfleKcHt4ra reHgepHrr,r
-
oqiHxu, flKa [o3Bonno noArM, eilnoeilanuHilM 3a crparerio,
eilcrexyBar[ nepe46areHi
He]o npoqect4 Ta
np0qeAyp14.
lxcruryqilxi r'rexaniguu
flpoexr cKflalaorbcn 3 yacrKoBo cauocriutHux npoqecia y perioHax,
qo
ei46ysarcrucn nig HarargoM
uaqiouaruHnx oprauie !C3.
Cnyx6oeqi, Rxi oeonHlloru po6ory 3 Harnflfly, Sopruyoru crarucruqui cr4creMil ra aignoeigui ro4ercr,
rLlo6 uaru Moxnueicrs auuipoaaru mo6inuuicru xiHor i .ronosixie y HanpflMKy MeHu reH,qepHo-crepeoTilnHrx po6ir. Boguovac, 3aranbHoro nepeuKoloro Inr Uilx po6ir 6yno r,r ganruaerucfl Te, u.lo BnpoAoBX Tpbox
poxie emxoxaHtR ninorHoro npoeKTy npaqolorb rpu pisHi lT-cucreNu. [e osHarae, u]o HeMoxnr4Bo 0rpt4-
Maril AocrarHn apxieuy inQoprvrarliro npo ycniuHicrb npoeKry, a raKox silnoeipHi roqui xoAexcut s pieHux
npo$ecir,t Anfl BilKoHaHHfl npoeKTy.
Crparerin KoMnfleKcHoro reHpepHoro nigxogy 6yna anpoealxeHa y rpu eranu. Ha nepuux [Box eranax
rpu perionr,t (0pxyc, Ber,tne, Becrcennaxg), a noriu cilu perioHia aunpo6yaaru crparerio, nepu 3a BCe, y
geox 6aaoaux nocflyrax: po3noBclopxeHHi po6ir ra axrueisaqii. 0ArH perioH npaqoBaB y ut4ptxoMy Macura6i HaA irrerparliero crparerii Kl-ll y uuporuu cnexrp po6ovux npoqeAyp a perioHi.
53
PerioHu, u-{o npaq}oBaru y ninorxouy npoexri, carvri o6panr csepy BnpoBaAXeHHfl npoeKTy. [e oco6crocyerbcfl Mero[t4x i npoqegyp.
Ha nepuoruy erani perioH Opxyc er,tpiuilB npoBecril xaunaHio t{olo npoeKry Ha 100 nignpraervrcraax. V
peeynurari qi nipnprenacrBa oronocilnr,t Ha 58% 6inuue aaxaHci14. 0pxycuxrara periox eigcrooe eaxnreicru
n14B0
qiei noniruxu, noKa3yloqt4
ii xopucuicru 4nn arpiueuHr 3ararbHt4x 3a,qae [C3. B Opxyci 6ynr,t gei saranuHi
craopurr reMaril..rHi 6auxu 6espo6irHux is raanisixaqiero y ranysi xyxoHHoi po6oru, rpoMalcbKoro xap'ilyBaHHfl [ npr6upatHn, qo6 HanpaB[r4 Ha qi po6ofla 6inrue .ionoaixis; 2) aranpo6yearu
rpynoBy peecrpaqio 6eapo6irHnx s aHanorieHuwlr npoQecir,lxuuu xapaKTepilcrilKaMil, r4o6 ycyHyfl,r
peecrpaqin, Korpa He e reHIepHo-Het,trpanuHoro. 3aranusi qiri nonnranr,t y aNiti craBfleHHfl nepconany [C3
i po6orogaaqia.
V Bet,tne 3acrocoByBanilcn Mero[r4xu xonerianuHoro HaByaHHR. Mera noflrrafla B ToMy, rqo6 te BBaxaT[ crarb ei4noei4uoto xareropieo y girnuHocri 3 npaqeBnauryBaHHr. V nporleci npaqeBnauryBaHHfl rpoMaMero[l4K14: 1)
AflH ABa paAHuKl4
[C3 nopiaxrceanil csoi pe3yabrar[
6ory sripuo 3 reH4epHilMt4 crepeorilnarvrr,t)
fixepeno:
54
Sjorup (2004).
r,t
(Hacxinuxu eacro BoHt4 HanpaBnnflr rpoMa[flH Ha poHaBqarilcb oflr4H B o4Horo.
Aacrpin: nprKnaA[ BnpoBa[xeHHf, KomnfleKcHor0 reHAepH0ro niflxoAy
i Has{aHxn nepconany [C3
llpuxnaAn Bnp0BaAxeHHfl KoMnrleKcHoro feH[epHor0 nigxogy
flpr,rxnag ycniuHoro BnpoBaAXeHHr KoMnneKcHoro reHAepHoro ni4xogy MoxHa gHar4ril y uMeroluqHrx
peKoMeHAaqinx is pospo6ru rrrero4rqHrx peKoMeHgaqir,tr, xorpi nepeg6ayaorb npoqe4ypy, u.lo BpaxoBye
piaui uoxnueocri, gnR ecix Hoeilx Merogr4qHr4x peKoMeHAaLlir,r, pospo6nonaHux [C3. KourponuHut,t nepenix
nanpuxiur-1i qboro [oKyMeHTa Ha4ae ueoqixeuxy AonoMory a ea6esne,]eHHi ycniu:Horo nput,tHrrrn ni,qxoAy,
no6y4oeaHoro Ha pierux MoxailBocrflx.
fioAanuuurrvr KpoKoM 6ya nepernnA nMeroEuqHt,tx peKoMeHlaqiu s nig6opy oceirHuo-Ha-
saxragia,. [er,r goxymeHT Br43Haqae leHgepui acneKTI Rr rnogoei xpurepii
HaBHaflbHr4x i oceirnix opraHisaqir,t. Kptlrepii, or-liHeHi e
UboMy Aoxyleuri, BKflroqaorb craBfleHHfl ycraHoBr4 go pisHnx Moxn14Bocrer,r ua po6ovouy uicqi, a raKox HaseHicru reHAepHo-eyrfl14B14x nporpaM i pauxoaux yruoe. Ui xpurepii
BpaxoBylorbcn npil oUiHoaaHHi nponosuqir,t ra HaAalorb Ao4arKoBe Nipuno Ans aiA6opy
BtranbHfix
oqirru gnn eu6opy ra Har,ruauur
Hagaaaria nocflyr.
3a gonoNoroo iHcrpyureHrie aHaniay KoMnneKcHoro reH[epHoro nigxo,qy 6ynu eHeceHi
eruiHu y uMeroAuqHi peKoMeH,qaLlii rlloAo nporpaMil ,[C3 crocoeHo 3anoqarKyBaHHfl
6isHecy,, Rxi cnpnnnu e6inrueHHlo xinuxocrixiHoK, rorpi 6epyrb yqacrb y nporpaui, roMy rlo yqacrb y r-lr4x 3axogax 6inuue He npilB'fl3yerbcr [o npaBa Ha Bunraru AC3, i
eilAinnrorucfl AoAarKoBi xouru Ha 3aloBoreHHfl nonilTy Ha xaaniSiraqir,tui 3axoAil Anfl
xiHox.
Ha Ao.qarox Ao r-lr4x Mero[r4riHmx peKoMeHgaqira npuHqun KoMnfleKcHoro reH4epHoro nigxogy
cxeaneHil14 y ecix KflroyoBr4x iHcrpyueHrax nnaHyBaHHn [C3, HanpilKnaA crocoexo qine14
nonirrru
purHxy npaqi
s2002 p. KounrexcHltr leHgepHur,t nilxi,q
Mae [oKyMeHTyBar[cfl t,t ypa-
xoByBar[ce y nflaHyBaHHi pirHux nporpaM po6orn.
Kpiu roro, c14creMa KoHrpono 6ogxery [C3 noarxra AoKyMeHTyBaril xapaKTepilcl4Kr4 xiHox,
nxi 6epyru yHacrb y 3axoAax ia cnpunHur.
lxSopmyaaxHR
i Haa{aHHr nepcoHany
AG3
Kno.roahra Saxrop ycniuHoro BnpoBaAXeHHR KoMnfleKcHoro reHgepuoro nigxogy flK ropu3oHTanbHo- e$erruaHe po3noBooAxeuun ueo6xi4Hr4x 3HaHb ra ir$oplaqii npo ixHe npaKTueHe 3acrocyBaHHe. Aecrpir,tcuxa !C3 ga6esnerye po3noBooflxeHHR urnflxoM.
ro 3axoly
55
.
Ha Bcix piBHflx opraHi3aqii, B ToMy yncni npoBeIeHHfl ceMiHapiB Anfl
KepiBHt4KiB Ta npegcraBHuKiB ESF, ceMiHapiB Aflfl nepcoHafly pi3Ht4x nilposlinie,QC3, a
raKox saxoAie ie xaa.{aHHs ra nigsrqeHur reaniQixaqii Ann xixox-npegcraenr,tqs .!C3.
VHacru crapuJoro t,t uonoguroro xepiexuqrBa y (reH[epHilx ceuiuapax, crana o6oe'R3HaBqaHHn
K08010;
.
nignpreucrBaM Hagaerucn iHSopuaqir,tna nucriera, npu3HaHeHa Ann ni[eilUeHHn
o6igHaHocri rpoMa4cbKocri ujogo KoM nfl eKcHo ro reHAepHoro n igxogy.
Ixepeno:
56
Sorger (2004)
pieHn
Opanqin: KoHrpaxrr npo feHgepnn[ 6anaxc
cnprf,Hrrb graepcrSixaqii noca[, eailHsrrx xinxaur
saxi4, nxt,tr,t 6ya BnpoBaAXeHur,r 6inuue 20 poria roMy, cnpflMoeanu14 Ha cnp[flHHfl lreepcilSixaqii
xiHxaur, ra ixHe npocyBaHHfl urngxoM HaflaHHfl cneqiarsxoi AonoMon4 MCI-l (Ha FKux npaqoe MeHUe 600 oci6) 3a [onoMoroo HaBraflbHoi flonouoru ra cnpuflHHn y peopraHisaqii po6oqux vricr-lu
a6o 6ygiaelu. MoxHa BBaxar[, u.lo 3aBAflKr4 caoiu epronorrrri.]Hr4ur acneKTaM Uer,t gaxig flonouir - y neBHoLlem
noca,q, gar,tHsrux
My cnp[flrnuBoMy KoHTeKcri
ra repes e$exr
goNiHo
-
noKpauilT]4 yMoBl4 npaqi acix npaqiaHurie y
aignoeipnrx xou naHiRx.
flepxaaa noKpuBae Aenxi s Br4Tpar Ha 3axo414, gaeHaeeHi y KoHrpaKTr Ha cnpilffHHfl reHAepHoMy 6anauy
cy, HacrynHoMy MaKcuMaflbHoMy posrvripi: 50% aurpar Ha onnary npaqi auxnagarie; 50% inuux aurpar,
noB'r3aHux is npo$ecir,tuoo iurerpaqieo xiuor, raKux EK peopraHieaqin po6orrx ruicqu, 30% onnaru npaqi
Ha nepiog ixHuoro HaBraHHfl.
xiHox
fixepeno:
Silvera (2004).
57
Benuxo6prranis: npr(nagtit 4ill o 6oxy po6oro4aaqia i oci6,
qo salMarcrucr npo$ecifinuu HaBqaHHrM i npoSecinlrolo opienraUierc,
Ans si4xplrrfl Herpa4uqilrnux MoxntitBocreI finn xinox i qonosixie
floxymexr, Ae HaaeAeHi nprKrtaA[ Rin r 6oxy po6oroAaeqia (EOC, 2005a), 0x0nnrce tacrynni nuraHxf,:
.
fK po6oroAaaqi Moxyrb
Kopt4cryBarilcfl nepeBaroo HaRaxocri 6inuu pisnouarirHoi po6oroi
CVNV.
.
Cnoco6r, e nxi po6oroAaeqi Moxyrb a6inuuyearr
i npaqiaHuxia
Har,rMaHHq
r,t
yrprrraaxHn Her[noBux cnyxaria
3a AonoMoroo:
i. cnpunuHn yrHiacray,
ii. xaltuanHs ra
iii.
HaBgaflbH14M
nporpaMaM i sar4xnrocri a qinoNy;
npaKTilKl4 po6oru;
NexaHisrvrie nigrpuruxu cnyxarie
i npaqieHrxie;
iv. srriH14 ixnuoi oprauisaqir,troi Kynbrypt4 Ta npaKThKr4 po6oru;
v. po6oru y naprHepcrsi s iHUilMil opraHisaqinuu.
0praHisaqii Ta pecypcr4, xorpi uroxyrb flonoMorril po6oroAaeqsM norqoaar[ npoQecir,tny cer-
peraqio.
Aoxyuerr, ulo uicruru nplxnag[ Ain s 6oxy oci6, qo gafiuarcrucR npo$ecinxnl,r
(E0C, 2005b),
HaBqaHHflM
cxna[aerrcf, 3 rpbox posginia:
cnoco6u, e nxi oceirxro-6ieHecosi naprHepcrBa (051-l) rvoxyrb or{onilTu nporugiro reHgepHir,r
cerperaqii ra ei4xpurrn uupuoro cneKTpy Moxn14Bocrer,t sar,txnrocri;
.
urKiflbHi iHir-liarilBr4
s aigxpnrrn gnn 4iavar i xnonqin HerpaArqiltxilx MoxnilBocreur
HaeraHHs
6ee aippray ai4 aupo6Huqrea;
.
oprarisaqii ra pecypcr4, r.t1o Moxyrb [onoMararu sci]vr n4M, xro eaflisHrr,t y 6oporu6i 3 reHgepHoo cerperaqieo y HaeqaHHi 6es aigpuay aig aupo6nuqraa.
Tperin AoKyMeHr, nlo uicrltru np[[nag[ 4iu s 6oxy oci6,
qo galmalorucn npoSeciunoro opienraUierc (EOC,2005c), raKox Mae
.
rpr poe4inr:
ttlo ix cneqianicru e npoSecir,rHoi opieHraqii ra ocsirr Moxyrb yxr4Baru
Hfl reHAepHilx 6ap'epie go rpaqoi po6oru;
3axoA14,
[nfl
nogoflaH-
.
.
flK nposopieHTaqir,lHi areHqii Moxyrb y naprHepcrai e gaqixasneHuM14 cropoHaMI npOrl4Alrrl4
feH4epHitt cerperaqii;
noct4flaHun Ha oprauisaLlii ra pecypcr4, nxi uroxyru nigrpuruyearil Trx, xro Har-lineHutt Ha ga6esneHeHHfl reHgepxoi pinHocri
[xe
p
y npoSecit,tHitt xap'epi.
en o:
1. UK Equal 0pportunities Commission (E0C).2005a. Action for change: How employers can break down gender segregation in vocational training and employment.
http ://www.e
m
ployersf orap prentices. gov. uk/docs/research/Research-l
pdf
-306.
2. UK Equal 0pportunities Commission (EOC).2005b. Action for change: How those involved in work-related
learning can break down gender segregation
in
vocational education, training and work.
pdf
.
http://www.staf{part. org. u k/action-f or-change.
3. UK Equal 0pportunities Commission (EOC).2005c. Action for change: How careers advice professionals and
teachers can break down gender segregation in vocational education, training and work.
59
ClllA: nepefloBa rpaKrrKa po6orogaeqia
4nn npaqiaxlxis ig o6os'RgxaM[ no Aornr4y
y
2007 p. Kouicin CIIIA e nrraHb pieHux Moxn14Bocrer,t sar,rHnrocri (EE0C) Brnycrraa xepiaHr,rr,t Narepian, B flKoMy noflcHtotorbcr o6crasilH14, 3a flKilx gucxpr,rNiHaqin qogo npaqiatuxia ig o6os's3raMil no Aornfl[y Moxe craHoBl4Tl4 gucxputuiHaqio aa ograxorc crari, iHaanigHocri a6o iHrLLux xapaKTepilcl4K, 3axilt4eHrx $egeparbHt4Mt4 3aKoHaMr ulolo flr4cKpr,tNiuaqii y ranyai npaqi.
l-leta goxyNeHT AonoBHtoe xepieHuu uarepian 2007 p., a caMe uicruru nponoar,tqii u-loAo nepeAoaoi npaxruxu, xotpi po6orogaaqi uoxyru 3acrocyBaru Anfl 3MeHUeHtn eiporiguocri grcxpr,1rvrinaqii
npor14 [ornflgaria, a raKox ycyHyfl4 nepeuJKoA14 4nn pieHux MoxailBocrer,,l y csepi npaUi. l-lepepoea
-
npaKTilKa Ue nonepegxyeanrli 3axoAr4, tqo Br4xoAeru sa
xpu rrlt iHaqii.
uexi SepepanuHrx B[Mor UoAo
HeAilc-
[i
3apas 6araro npaqiatr,rxia noelHylorb rpygoei o6oa'serr ra o6oa'q3xil 3 AorflrAy.
o6oe'nsxu
n0uilplolorbcR xe rinuxu Ha nolpyxxn tt girer,r, a r,t raxox Ha 6arsxie ra ituux nirHix qneHie ciu'i a6o
pogusie a iuaanigxicrm. Xoqa xiHxu, oco6nileo He6ini, y recyrvripHo 6inuuir,t xinuxocri eunagxie euK0Hyt0Tb ocHoeHi o6oe's3x14 3 AorllflIy, qonoeiril AeAani 6iruue 6epyrs Ha ce6e o6oa'sexfl 3
AorflRAy sa AiruNu, 6aruxauu ra poAt4qaMr s iHaanigHicrrc.
Po6oropaaqi, rxi npt,ttttuaorb rHyHKy noniruxy rLloAo po6orr4, rKa flonoMarae npaqiexuxaN flocrrrr eaAoainrxoro 6anaucy tvtix po6ororo ra npilBarHrM xfiTTflM, Moxyrb He rinuxu orpIMaril B pesynurari 3MeHUeHHfl xinsxocri cKapr Ha He3aKoHHy gucxpuruiHaqio, ane r,t npuHecru xopucru caoiur
npaqiaHrxau, KflieHTaM i pesylsrararu ginnuHocri. Yrcnenrii gocnigxeHtfl BcraHoBilnil, u-10 rHyqKa
noniruxa qoflo po6orr nigeuqye npolyKTr4BHicru npaqi nepcoHaay,3MeHUye xiluxicru Heeuxogia xa
po6ory, cKopoqye BilTparil i, nx s4aerucfl, no3ilTr,rBHo BnflilBae ua npu6yrxu. Boua raKox cnpfire po6ori g uattruaHHR Ta yrpuMaHHn xagpie, Ao3Bongrorl4 po6oro4aar1flM yrpt4MyBaril TaraHoB14Ty,
xaaliSixoaauy po6ory cilfly,3aoqaAxyBaril rpoui ra Hac, ulo a iHuorrry pasi 6ynr,t 6 errpaveHi ua
la6ip, cnie6ecigu, nil6ip i Hae.raHHn HoBr4x npaqiauuxie. Brrogu ai4 rl,tx nporpaM 3aflilualorbcfl
nocrifrnuuu He3arexHo aig exoHorui.iHoro xniMary, r,t genxi po6orogaaqi enpoaagunu nporpaMI rHy,irocri Ha po6orouy trlicqi nx aflbrepHaruBy cKopoyeHHro po6oroi culu. Taxi nporpaMil He rinuxu gosBonslorb po6oro4aaqrM (xylHyn4 6es cxynocri,, a il raKox Moxyrb [o3BonflT[ opraHiaaqinuil uBt4[xo ai4uoeloBar[cfl e Nipy noKpaqeHHfl 6isnecy.
V quoNy 4oxyueuri HaeegeHrfr uupoxult cneKrp nprxnagie nepegoeoi npaKTrKu gnn po6orogaeqie,
poo6urrt,t Ha rpr YacrilHt4 (saransHa aa6ip, npur,torrlt Ha po6ory, npocyBaHHfl / yrrloau gar4Hsrocri ra
I
eignoeigui ninuru).
fixe
p en o:
http://www.eeoc.gov/policy/docs/caregiver-best-practices.html (ocranne oHoBreHHfl -22rpaaun 200g p.)
AHanori'{tti iHiqiaruau (Hanpuxnag, ulncrpyuexrapin po6orogaaqie: nocibnux ie xepiernqrBa HoBnmr{ ra
orixyaaxuur 6arbxaM[r), a raKox xepiaHi Narepiaru rLloIo 6oporb6il 3 reHgepHoro At4cKpuuluaqieo ra
cnpuflHHr relAepHitt piauocri y c$epi npaqi, ocairu ra [epxaBHux nocnyr poapo6neHi TaKox 6prrancuxoro
xotvticicto 3 nlraHb pienocri ra npaB nrcflHHr{. flr,ta. http:/iwww.equalityhumanrights.com/our-job/what-wedo/ou r-busi ness-plan/gende r-eq ual ity.
60
Benuxo6prranin: Uinuoai nonirrHHi ixiqiarrau
SpuraHcuxa opranieaqin Jobcentre Plus npoaogilTb pflA qinsoeux nporpaM uHosilt4 rypc, (New Deal),
noKlilKaHilx AonoMorril 6espo6iruuu, oco6nueo s ixeanilHicro (uHoeilta Kypc Anfl iHeanigier), Henpaqo-
rilx4eHb, nxi euxoeyrcru Airer,t, MonoluloMy 3 flKl4x ruesue 16
poria (uHoarar,r xypc Aafl oAt4HoKux 6arsxie,), naprHepia oci6, nxi 3aflBasorb cBoe npaBo Ha gagHaqeHi
ninuru (uHoeilta Kypc [ln naprHepiar), i nropet,t crapue 50 poxia, nxi orpuNyaanu npuuataNHi ogtty 3 3a3HaqeHux ninuT nporrroM ocraHHix uecril tr,ticsuia qil 6inuue (uHoeilta rypc 50 nnoc,).
poltb oco6ucrux xotcynurauris
0cHoeHa oco6nileicru uHoeoTo Kypcy Anfl oAt4HoKt4x 6aruxis,
qxi
y
HaAaorb npaxrurHi nopaflil r,t niprpuurxy He nuue noulyKy po6oru t,t nogaHHi 3arB, a
Jobcentre Plus,
t,t raxox y nouyKy saxnagie no Aornrfly sa giruMu r,t HaeqaHHi. 0co6rcri KoHcynbraHT[ Moxyrb raKox p03nogicr[ oArHoKt4M 6aruxau npo re, u.lo rpanilTbcg s ninsrauu, Koflt4 BoHt4 noqHyrb npaqoBaru, t,t 4onouorru iu nogaru 3arBy Ha eignoeiAHi ninuru ua po6ori a6o Ha nogarxoeut,t KpeA[T.
oyilM a6o npaqoorlt4M MeHUe 16 roluH
Ha
-
lonoeHa igeR uHoeoro Kypcy 50 nnoc, aHanoriqHa i4ei nonepegHuoro noci6HilKa, a caMe KoxHa oco6a, u1o npue4Hyerbcfl Ao nporpaMu, orpr4Mye oco6mcroro KoHcyflbraHTa, xorput,t AonoMarae it,t Ha xoxHouy erani uHoaoro Kypcy,. Hoaaropcurur,r rvroueHr (e yrpaiHcuxoMy KoHTeKcri), oguax, noflflrae B ToMy, lLlo
xonu oco6a sHat4ulna po6ory, BoHa Moxe orpilMaru po6ovrr,r noAarxosmfr Kpe4ur i rpaHr Ha HaevanHs 6eg
ai4prey ei4 er,lpo6nuUrea
eiAnoeiAFri
(lo
1500 S.cr.), ioco6ucruur xoHcynuraHr Moxe [onoMorrt4 oSoptuuru
B14Mon4.
Axepeno: http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/EmploymenVJobseekers/programmesandservices/DG-173717 (15 repenn 2010 p.).
61
1. CBl. 2008. Talent not Tokenism.
i
CBl, TUC, Equality and Human Rights Commission (UK).
2. Chant S. and G. Pedwell. 2008. Women, Gender and the lnformal Economy: An Assessment of lL0
Research and Suggested Ways Forward. - Geneva: lLO.
3. Drews J. 2008. Promoting Gender Equality in the Operations of Public Employment Services. Memo.
4. Dudwick N., R. Srinivasan and J. Braithwaite.2002. Ukraine Gender Review. World Bank, ECSSD.
5. European Business Association. 2008. ln Focus: Employment of the Disabled Persons (in Ukraine).
Available at: http://www.eba.com.ualf iles/documents/Disabled_ENG_Web.pdf .
6. European Commission .2007. Gender Mainstreaming of Employment Policies - A Comparative Review
of 30 European Countries. Luxembourg: 0ffice for 0fficial Publications of the European Communities, 77p.
7. European Training Foundation (ETF). 2009. Black Sea Labour Market Reviews
report. Available at.
http://www.etf .europa.eu/pubmgmt.nsf/(getAttachment)i030591
- Ukraine country
7BB9684AgFC1 25755F00460682/$Fite/N0T
ETPBGXZ.pdf.
8. Ganguli l. and K. Terrell. 2006. lnstitutions, markets and men's and women's wage inequality. Evidence
from Ukraine. Journal of Comparative Economics, Vol. 34 ( 2), pp. 200-227.
9. [epacmueuxo A., [eugepHi acnexru coqianuuor,t noniruxu e Vxpaini.
-
Vuauu: "Bi3aei", 2008. -252 c.
10. Human Rights Watch. 2003. Women's work. Discrimination Against Women in the Ukrainian Labor
Force.
11. 110.2002. Women and Men in the lnformal Sector: A Statistical Picture, Geneva. Available
at:
http://www. ilo.org/public/english/employment/infeco/download/menwomen.pdf
12. 110.2009. Guidelines on Gender in Employment Policies: lnformation Resource Book.
13. Katz L. 1996. Wage Subsidies for the Disadvantaged. NBER Working Paper 5679.
'14. Kluve
J.2007. Active Labor Market Policies in Europe: Performance and Perspectives.
Berlin
Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.
15. Lehmann H., 0. Kupets and N. Pignatti. 2005. Labor Market Adjustment in Ukraine: An Overview,
background paper for the World Bank Report 'Ukraine Jobs Study: Fostering Productivity and Job Creation'
(2006).
16. Maloney W.F. 2004. lnformality revisited. World Development 32, p. 1159-1178.
17. Mandl l. and L. Salvatore.2009. Tackling the recession. Employment-related Public lnitiatives in the
European Foundation for the lmprovement of Llving and Working
Conditions. Available at: http.//www.eurofound.europa.eu/emcc/erm/studies/tn0907020s/tn0907020s.htm.
EU Member States and Norway.
i
18. Nails D.2001. Gender Plan of Action. USAID Regional Mission for Ukraine, Belarus, and Moldova.
Development Alternatives, I nc.
62
19.
[C3, 2004, MeroAurri pexoNeH4aqii o opraHisaqii po6orm qeHrpie sar4Hsrocri u.loflo
sa6esneHeHHfl
rengepuoi piaHocri / gepxaauur,r qeurp eafrunrocri MixicrepcrBa npaqi ra coqianuHoi noniruxu VrpaiHut.
20. [C3, 2009, PrHox npaqi VxpaiHu y 2008 poqi: AHanirhqHo- crarucn4rHr4lt s6ipHrr.
qeHrp sar,tunrocri MiHicrepcrBa npaqi ra coqiarsuoi noniruxlt Vxpaiur.
/
21. !C3, 2010, Pr,rHox npaqi VxpaiHu y 2009 poqi: AHanirilqHo- crarucr4eH14r,r s6ipHrx.
qeurp ear,tunrocri MixicrepcrBa npaqi ra couianuHoi nonirnxr VxpaiHr.
/ [epxaanilta
gepxaeuur,t
22. Pignatti N.2010. Labor Market Segmentation and the Gender Wage Gap in Ukraine. ESCIRRU
Working Paper No. 17 from DIW Berlin, German lnstitute for Economic Research, available at: http://econpapers. repec.org/paper/diwdiwesc/diwescl
7.htm
23. Sapsford D. and Z. Tzannatos. 1993. The Economics of the Labour Market, Macmillan.
24. Silvera R. 2004. France. Gender Mainstreaming in the Public Employment Service: Statements and
Comments. Paper presented to Peer Review.
25. Sjorup K. 2004. Denmark. Gender Mainstreaming in the Public Employment Service. Discussion
paper.
26. Sorger C.2004. Austria. Gender Mainstreaming in the Public Employment Service: Statements and
Comments. Paper presented to Peer Review.
27.
Swanson P. A. 2005. Occupational Sex Segregation and Economic Development. Journal of
Business & Economic Research, Volume 3 (August), Number 8, pp. 43-52.
28. UNDP. 2003. Gender lssues in Ukraine: Challenges and Opportunities. Kiev, UNDP, 92 p.
29. nP00H, 2007a, lenAepri neperBopeHHn a VxpaiHi / nP00H.
-
Kr,rie:
T0B ..A[EO-VxpaiHa,, 2007.
-
165 c.
30. nP00H, 2007b, lengepHi neperBopeHHfl ra craBneHHfl rpoMagcbxocri
paiHcurouy cycninucrai / nP00H. - Kuie: nP00H, 2007.
-
[o
reHlepHilx npo6neu a yx-
145 c.
31. nP00H, 2009a, leHgepHa crarilcl,rKa VxpaiHu. cyracHur,r craH, npo6neMil, HanpflMr4 ylocKoHaneHHn
/
l-lP00H.
- Kuia: nP00H, 2009. - 184 c.
32. UNDP. 2009b. Equal Opportunities and Women's Rights in Ukraine Programme: Report for 2008.
Available at: http:/igender.undp.org.ua/images/pdfireportiE0WR_report-2008_eng.pdf.
33. UNDP.2010. Equal 0pportunities and Women's Rights in Ukraine Programme: Report for 2009.
Available at: http://gender.undp.org.ua/images/pdf/report/EOWR_report_09_eng.pdf.
34. World Bank. 2009. Ukraine: Labor Demand Study. World Bank, Perfect Style.
63
AoAarox 1. Opraxisaqinni cxeMll
nimlirer : drrampnfl lp-fi6'I
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fu
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nrrars cir'T,
rurprci pkocri, gErrcrFg+tirro
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r r4exaan*i qran Eo{e!,{isnerrilrrdlr.rrard ra tr.eFy mrftry l'baly
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Puc. 4.1 . HaqioHanuHura rengepnur,t anapar e Vxpaiui
Ixepero:
http://www.undp.org.ualfiles/en_'l'l336ukraine_beijing_15.pdf.
14
t#nrpantr
amrnroianacr
3anpononosana
opraniaaqin
KoMnoHeHTie uicqeeoro
nraHy uloAo pierocri
vra saxogr s
ycraHoBreH],lM
fiii
rpa$irou
tlpogyrru
3aceneHi
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I
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pesynuraria
Puc. A.2.OpraHisaqis xoMnoHeHris uicqeaoro nJraHy uloAo pieHocri
[xepeno:
Drews,2008.
65
flo4arox 2. Meroflonoris coqionori.tHoro 0nlryBaHHf,
I
onrc ar6ipxn
Merogonorin onuryaarnn
Vnrcrouy-6epesHi 2010 p.6ynr poapo6neHira nepeKnaAeHi yxpaiHcuxoro ra pocir,rcbKoro MoBaMil
rpu Ha6opr aHKer Alfl ailnoeiAHilx qiruoerx rpyn, KoxHa 3 flKr4x uicruna 6nreuxo 20 ean[raHr. BoAHorac 6ynu ea$ixcoaaHi posNip au6ipru ra xpurepiiii QopuyeaHHfl, a raKox 3arBepAXeHa MeroAo-
norin onuryBaHHfl.
3riAxo 3 3arBepAXeHon Merogonorieo HanpnxiHrli 6epeerin 2010 p. qepe3 BHyrpirLtnro uepexy
[C3 6yno npoBeAeHo coqionorirHe onilTyBaHHfl KoHCyabraHrie [C3. V cynpoaigHoNy nltcri, nilnucatuotuy HaqioHanbHhM KooppuHaropoM npoeKTy Ceprieu Caasyxorvr 6yna sasHavena 6axaxa xinuxicru
pecnoHleHTie is xoxHoro agruiHicrparIBHoro perioHy (24 o6nauer,r, AP Kpurvr, Nicr Killa iCeeacrononu), a raKox 6yno auxnageHo npoxaHHfl 3anoBHr4Til aHKeril B eneKTpoHHoMy B[rnn4i e ycix 27
perioHanuHux aiggineHHnx [C3.3aranuua xinuxicru aHKer,3anoBHeHilx cneqianicraMil 6agoeilx
qeHrpia 3ar,tHsrocri, xorpi npaqooru s xrieHTaMil, craHoauna34.
finn opraHisaqii coqionoriqHoro onr4TyBaHHfl uyxaria po6oru ra po6orogaaLlia, sxi e rnieurauur
,8C3, 6yno Haunqro Haranrc Xapreuxo s Kiliecuxoro nixnapoguoro iHcrrryry cor-lionorii.
flo-nepue, 6ynu au6paui rpu HaceneHi nyHKTr4 Afle npoBeAeHHR onrryBaHHfl. l!06 sa6esnevtltrr,l
eig6ip rilnoB[x erna4xie,3acrocoByBanmcs raxi xpnrepii, nx perioH iposurip HacefleHoro nynxry. l!06
ypaxyBaril oco6nilsocri xoxHoro 3 Tpbox rofloBHr4x perioxia Vxpainr,t - qeHTpanbHoro, cxiguoro r,t
saxigHoro - 6ynv au6paui rpu 6asoai LleHTpr/ sailHqrocri 3 KoxHoro periony. 3oxperua, Conou'Rncuxut,t pattoHHuit lasoetti qeHrp y w. Kileei 6ya eu6paHur,r npegcraeneril cronL4qro VxpaiHr,l ra ii qenrpanuuut,t perioH.3apeecrpoeauur,t pnHox npaqi y Kr,teai xapaxrepu3yerbcfl eiguocHo Ht43bKt4M pietervr
6eapo6irrn, BucoKr4M non[ToM ua xaaniQixoBaHy po6ory cuny it, orxe HaguipHuM non[Tow ua po6otiy cfiay.3s Micro [oHequx 6yno eu6paHo nx Har,t6inru rilnoail14 npe[craBHilx cxi4uoro perioHy, rrur,l
xapaKTep[3yerbcfl Bt4coKnur pieurNu yp6aHisaqii ra iHgycrpianisaqii ra ailHocHo qinururu prHKoM
po6ovoi c14flu.36 Hapeuri, Konouun, Micreqxo a laaHo-OpaHxiscsxi14 o6nacri 3 HacefleHHrrvr y 62 ruc.
von.,6yno an6pauo npeAcraBnflrr saxiguur,t periox. [er,t perion xapaKTep[3yerucn aiguocHo Hr43bKt4wtu piaHnuu yp6aHioaqii ra iu4ycrpianisaqii, uar,reuqoo racrKolo cinucuxoro rocnogapcrBa y 3aranuHit,t qilcerbHocri safrHnrux, nocrir,rHo cna6xuN po3Br4TKoM pt4HKy npaqi, notaHuMt4 xt4TnoB14Mt4
yMoBaMI t,t NarepianuHuwt go6po6yrou uicqeeoro HaceneHHr, Br4coKr4Mu pieHnuu ruMlacoeoi TpygoBoi Mirpaqii.3T
llo-gpyre, BpaxoBylotl4 goeoni Nanur,t poswrip er,t6ipxu, gagHa,{eH1414 y xourpaxri (30 6espo6irsux
30 po6orolaeqia y KoxHoMy 3 rpbox au6paHux wicrax),gflfl npegcraBfleHHr sararuuoi crpyKTypil xapaKTepIcrt4K pecnoH.qeHTa 6yna 3acrocoBaHa 6araroeranxa KBorHa qinuoaa au6ipxa s au6opom runoeilx ernaAxia. ls qiei npilHt4Hl,r gnn pospo6reHHfl KBor AJrfl au6iprr 3apeecrpoBaHrx uyxavie po6orr,t
6ynu sacrocoeaHi xacrynui xapaxrep14cl4Kt4:
i
.
.
.
.
crarb(xiuora/ronosiva);
BiK
(ueuue 35 poxia/35 poxie i 6inuue)
rrdc nepe6yeaHxn y peecrpi
[C3
(Ao 6 uicnqia / 6 Nricsrlis i 6inuue);
ocsirxiil piseuu i npo$ecit,tHa rpyna (cnyx6oaqi s noBHoro
Br4r{oro
oceiroo / cnyx6oeqi 6ea eil-
nloi oceiru / xaani$ixoeaHi po6irHrxu / rexaani$ixoeaHi po6irHuxu).
35 3a Aatuuu
[epxaeHoro xorrlirery crarucn4Krl yKpaiHu,
ra xirequ nrcroro 2010 p. xinsxicrs 3apeecrpoBaHIx uyraria po6ol,r ta
1
BaKaHciro e Kueei craHoeuna 0,3 oco6fi.
36 Ha xiuequ nrororo 2010 p. xinuxicru 3apeecTpoBaHr4x rxyKariB po6oril
no xpairi - 8.3.
Ha'l aaxaHciro a [oreqsxy craHoBilna 5 oci6, ro4i
nK cepeAHe
37 3a
Aanuttr fiepxaaroro KoMiTery cTaT[cl4Kr4 yKpaiH14, ra xiHequ nrororo 2010 p. laano-OpaHxiacuxa o6racru nocigana 4pyre
sa xinuxicro 3apeecTpoBaH[x uyxarie po6oru Ha 1 saKaNciro (53,6 oco6r,r).
n,ticrle
!nr
.
.
.
ar,t6i
pxu po6orogaa qi B xapaKTep ilctuxu
qilceflbHicru npaqomrrx (go 10
/
Sopua gnacHocri (gepxaeua a6o
1
1-100
6y nv Hacryn
H
il
M t4 :
/ 6inrue 100);
xotuyHanuHa
/
npuaarxa);
exoxoMi.lxoi AinnsHocri (cinucrxe rocno4apcrBo, Mr4cn14Bcrao, nicose rocno4apcrBo, ptl6anucrgo / go6yaHa i o6po6xa npoNucnoaicru, aupo6Hurlreo i posnolineuun enexrpoeHeprii,
ra3y ra eogu, 6ygiaHuqrao / ropriann, peMoHr, roreflbHo-pecropaHHe rocno4apcrBo / rpaucnopr i se'rsox, SiriarcoBe nocepe[Hilr-lrBo, onepaqii s uepyxorvricro, 6isHecoea [isnuHicru /
AepxaBHe ynpaaniHHR, oceira, oxopoHa 3gopoB'fl, coqianuHe aa6esneqeHHs / iHuti nocnyrr).
Bt4E
[oxnagHa isSopNaUin npo cKaaA cyxynxocri uyrarie po6oru ra po6orolaaqia y eil6paHilx qeHrpax sailunrocri sa UilMil xapaKTepucrrKaMil HaBeAeHa HuxHe y ra6n. A.1 i A.2.
Hapeuri, cneqianicru rpuox ruicqearx qeHrpia gailHqrocri eigi6panu noreHqit,tuux pecnoHgeHria is
q[cfla 6espo6irnr,rx i po6orogaauia sa KBoraMh, erpo6neuuvru eKcneproM-cor{ionorou. CeNepo onuryaaria, eaAisH[x y e6r,tpaHHi ,qaHux, orpilManu cn[cKr4 KoHTaKTHr4x IaHilx noreHqittHux pecnonleHris
(uyxavie po6ir i po6orolaaqie) mq roro, ulo6 eHailrr ra 3aflyer4n4 go yracri B onr4ryBaHHi eignosilHy
xinuxicru pecnoHAeHTie is roxHoi KBorr4.
0co6rcri iHrepe'o 3 3apeecrpoBaHrMil uyKayaMu po6oru npoBoAilnucfl y 3pyeHoMy tuicqi ra y
opyrHr,tr,t qac 3a nonepelHbolo AoMoBneHicro. BnHnrxou 6yno onrryBaHHR uyxavia po6oru e [oHeqrKy, Korpe npoBoAilnocn 6eonocepelHbo y 6y.qieni [ouequxoro uicsxoro qeHTpy 3auHsrocti, ToMy u-lo
r,roro cneqianicru eiguroBilnilcfl Haflarh xoHraxrHi flaui uyxavia po6ir.
AHanori..rH14H nigxig 6ya suxopucraHur,t gnr na6opy ra on[TyBaHHn po6orogaeqie. 0co6ucri
iHrepe'o npoBo4r4nilcfl, rK npaBilno, e o$ici po6orogaaqR 3a nonepeflHboro reneSoHHoto [oMoeneHiclo. Llinuoea rpyna BKnoqana npaqieuuxie, aiflnoeiAanuHurx ea cnianpaqo s NticqeeilM qeHTpoM
eafrunrocri. 3aeailqara qi npaqiaurxu e cneqianicraMil eiginy xagpia, xepisuuxauu xagpoeoi cnyx6u
e14 [r4peKTopauu nignpueucre.
Po6ora 3 onrryBaHHs ra uicUnx npoBoAunacn s 14 Io 29 xeirHn 2010 p.. 3aranou 6ynu onuraHi
90 uyravie po6oru ra 90 npelcraaHuxie po6oroAasqia. Crnap qilx ABox eu6ipox y rpbox UeHTpax
sar4Hnrocri no au6paHux xapaKTepilcrilKax HaeeAeHn4 Hr4xHe y ra6n. A.3 iA.4.
Cnig sragaru npo rinuxa o6uexesu AocniAxeHHs. 0[He 3 ocHoBHr4x o6ruexeHs -,qoaoni uanna
poaNip er,r6ipxr,t.'1epes qro npil,r14Hy pe3ynbrarfi cnigrnyuaruril 3 neBHoto o6epexHicro; ua6yrs, cnig
npoBecru rrlacu:ra6HirLre KoHTponbxe locnilxerHn. Kpirvr r0ro, BpaxoBy]o914, u.lo Lle 6yno nepue
flocnilxeHHR ginnuuocri [C3 ie reHgepHoi ToeKr4 30py r,t qo flpyroaarux nopiaHflHHt4x AaHilx u]e HeMae, Mu qe He MoxeMo cy1urtl npo svriHn y craeneuui ra 4ocryni Ao nocnyr [C3 y eiflnoei4r Ha
noniruqui eN4iHt4. V flocni[xeHHi npocro noAaHo MoMeHTaflbHn,t sHirvror noroquoi curyaqii e YxpaiHi.
Turu ue MeHU, Ue nepue onilTyBaHHfl Hagae Ben[Ky woxnueicrb Ine auarioy ecix nxicnr4x flaHilx,
rxi Hapasi pocrynni, Ao3Bonfl]0.t14 HaM 3po3yMiru nornRlu ra 4ocaig ycix rpuox sauixaaneHilx cropiu
npelMery KoMnfleKcHoro feHAepHoro niAxoly y c$epi axrileHoi noniruxu Ha pilHKy npaqi ra poni
[C3. Uer,r aHanie e expar,t Kop14cH14M y euRaneuui cr4flbHt4x icna6xux cropix KoMnfleKcHoro feHflepHoro nigxogy, u-lo Br4Kopl4croByerbcfl y [C3 BiH ua4ae igei npo nrHar,txpaqur,t cnoci6 pospo6neHrfl nflary gir,t, cnpflMoBaHoro Ha ycyHeHHr icuyrcrux cna6xux Nicuu i noKpau.leHHfl qxocri ra gieaocri pospo6xu noniruxu.
67
Ta6n.4.1
Cxna[ cyxynuocri 3apeecrpoBanrx uyxaria po6orl
Kilie
Xapaxreprcrrxu
[oHeqsx
Konouun
K-rs
o/
to
K-ru
o/
/o
K-ru
o/
/o
Yonosiqa
210
40Yo
3286
63%
673
46%
XiHo.ra
309
60%
1
948
37%
793
54%
Meuue 35 poxie
154
30%
2395
46%
783
53%
35 poxia i 6inuue
365
70%
2839
54%
703
47%
293
56%
2883
55o/o
837
57%
226
44%
2351
45%
629
43Yo
Cryx6oeqi 3 noBHoto Bl4lloto oceiroo
268
52%
1747
33%
132
9Yo
Cnyx6oeqi 6ee euuloi oceirr
172
33%
1
870
36%
554
36%
Kaani$ixoeaxi po6iruuxu
66
13%
1
368
26%
691
45%
HexeaniSixoeaHi po6iruuxr,r
13
3%
249
5%
167
11%
Crarr
Bix
9ac nepe6yaaHHfl y peecrpi [C3
[o
6 rvricsuie
6 uicnqie i 6iruue
OcairHiu ra raaniSixaqilrxn[ piaenu:
Ta6n. A.2.
CrnaA GyxynHocri po6orogaBqiB,
nxi cnienpaqrcrcrb 3 perioranumtmr 6agoerM[ qeHTpaM[ sanxnrocri
Kilie
Xapaxrepucruxu
Konours
[oHeuux
K-ru
o/
K-ru
o/
/o
K-rs
o/
/o
424
ao/
Lto
1148
3%
176
10%
17375
98%
3501 3
97%
1571
90%
19313
92%
18842
87Yo
1427
82%
tlo
2241
1lYo
189
11Yo
287
1%
511
2Yo
131
102
<ol
141
1%
53
/o
Oopua snacHocri
.Qepxaaxa a6o xouyHanrua
llpnaarHa
9rcenuxicrr npaqrcrcqxx
!o
10
11-100
Sinuue 100
Br[
503
-70/
tlo
exoxolirirxoi ginnrnocri
Cinucsxe rocno4apcrBo, Mt4cnt4BcrBo,
nicoee rocno,qapcrBo, pu6anucrao
6B
1
-70/
l/o
3%
Kilie
Xapaxreprcruxu
[o6yeua i nepepo6ua npourcnoaicru,
eupo6uuqrao i posno4ineHHfl efleKTpoeHeprii, ra3y ra eogu, 6ygianuqrao
ToprianR, peMoHT,
roTenbH0-pecropaHHe r0cnoAapcrB0
TpaHcnopr i 3e'R3ox, SiHaHcoee
nocepeAHn-lrBo, onepaqii s Hepyxouicro,
KonoNurs
!oHequx
K-ru
o/
lo
K-ru
o/
/o
K-rs
o/
4305
23%
3867
22Yo
0
}Yo
7020
37%
8782
50%
081
62Yo
5172
27Yo
2930
17%
311
18%
817
4Yo
755
4Yo
163
9%
139
8%
1
/o
HaAaHHfl nocnyr nignpueuqnN
[epxaexe ynpaeniHHn, ocBiTa, oxop0Ha
3AopoB'fl , coUiarrbHe 3a6e3net1eHHfl
lHui nocnyru
1
'70/
t/o
398
1244
-70/
tto
Ta6n.4.3.
Gxnag B[6ipxr 3apeecrpoBaux uyxaria po60rr
Kuie
Xapaxreprcruxr
KonouuR
,!oHequx
o/
K-ru
o/
/o
K-ru
o/
/o
K-ru
9onoeiqa
12
40Yo
18
60%
14
47%
XiHoqa
18
60%
12
40%
16
53Yo
MeHue 35 poxia
I
30%
14
47Yo
16
53%
35 poxia i 6iruue
21
7\Yo
16
53%
14
47%
17
57Yo
16
53%
20
67%
13
43%
14
47%
10
33%
Cnyx6oeqi 3 noBHoro Bur.t.1oro oceirolo
16
53%
11
37Yo
1
3%
Cnyx6oaqi 6es eruoi oceiril
11
37%
10
33Yo
11
37%
KaaniQixoeaHi po6irHrxu
3
10%
8
27%
14
47%
HexaaniSiroaaui po6iruuru
0
0%
1
3Yo
4
13%
/o
Craru
Bir
Yac nepe6yaaHHr y peecrpi AC3
[o
6 Micnqie
6 ruicnqie i 6inuue
0ceirtix ra rBani$a[aqiltxttfi piBeHb:
69
TaOn.4.4.
Crnag au6ipxn po6oroAaeqie, nxi cnianpaqrcrcrb
s perionanrrniau 6agoerMx qeHTpaMx galHnrocri
Krie
Xapaxreprcruxur
K-ru
Kororuus
[oHequx
o/
/o
K-ru
o/
K-ru
o/
/o
tlo
2
7Yo
/o
Oopma snacHocri
-70/
2
10/
llo
2
28
93%
28
93%
28
93%
26
BTYo
27
90%
25
83%
11-100
4
13Yo
3
10%
3
1jYo
Siruue 100
0
0%
0
}Yo
2
7%
0
}Yo
0
0%
1
3%
7
23%
8
27%
0
0To
1'1
37Yo
14
47Yo
19
63Yo
8
27Yo
4
13Yo
6
20Yo
2
7%
2
7Yo
2
7%
2
7%
2
10/
tlo
!epxaera a6o xowyxanuua
llpuearHa
9ncenuxicru npaqrcloYt{x
[o
10
BnA exoxolri{Ho[ AirnbHocri
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nicoee rocno,qapcrBo, pu6anucrao
[o6yaHa i nepepo6Ha npourcroaicru,
arpo6urqreo i posnogineuHfl eneKTpoeueprii, ra3y ra aogu, 6y4iaur,tqreo
Toprienn, peMoHT,
roTenbH0-pecTopaHHe r0cnoAapcTB0
Tpaucnopr i ss'sgox, SiHaHcoee
nocepe[HilUrao, onepaqii s Hepyxoruicrrc,
HaAaHHfl nocnyr nignpueNqnvr
!epxaaue ynpaariHHr,
ocBiTa,
oxopoHa 3AopoB'fl,
coqian uHe sa6egneHeHHR
lxui
70
nocnyru
2
-70/
t/o
Ta6n.4.5.
Cxnafl au6ipxlr cneqianicria AC3 no perioxax
i rnnax 6asosoro qeHrpy galHsrocri
Tnn qeHrpy sar4Hnrocri
06nacru
K-ru
AP Kpuur
2
Milronaiacura
1
Par,louun,t
BiHxuqsxa
1
OAecura
2
Micuxpar,toHHur,t
6
BonuHcuxa
1
llonraecuxa
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Micuxur,t
14
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1
Par,toHHur,t
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1
Cywrcuxa
1
Xurouurpcsxa
2
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1
3axapnarcuxa
1
Xapxiacuxa
1
3anopiauxa
2
XepcoHcuxa
1
leaHo-OpaHxiecuxa
2
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Kipoeorpagcuxa
9epuieequxa
1
06nacru
K-ru
llyraHcuxa
2
lepririacuxa
1
llueiecura
2
M. Ceeacronons
1
K-ru
11
y uicri
3
71
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crarlcrr[a ar6ipxn 6agosrx qeHrpia gafusrocri
(xinuxicra ir$opuaqis craHom xa xinequ nrcroro 2010
Ioxasuuxu
Cepe[He
p.)
CepeAHuors.
siflxilneHHR
Min.
Maxc.
lucenuxicru 3apeecrpoBaHux uyravin po6oru, Bcboro
1796,7
1446,2
33
5671
Yucenuxicrs 3apeecrpoBaHux uyxaria po6oru, xiHox
1026,2
834,6
15
3065
56,2Yo
6,3%
42,2Yo
65,5%
56,8%
13,5%
38,9%
94,4%
58,7%
11,4Yo
43,3%
100,0%
59,4Yo
6,9%
48J%
77,8%
56,4%
11,7%
20,0%
71,8%
52,8%
13,7%
25,0%
83,3%
67,5%
13,8%
25,6%
97,7%
3apeecrpoBaxux 6espo6irxux
56,9%
6,8%
42,20/o
68,20/o
npereHgeHrie Ha AonoMory
57,6%
7,4%
40,6Yo
68,8%
63,1%
13,0%
32,6Yo
86,3%
35,5
67,2
1
288
Yacrxa xiHox y ,rilcenuHocri.
3apeecrpoBaHux ruyxaria po6oru (acuoro)
3apeecrpoBaHux uyxavia po6oru
(y cinucuxir,t uicqeeocri)
3apeecrpoBaHux uyxavia
po6orr
('1
5-24
poxr,r)
3apeecrpoBauux lryxaria po6oru (25-35 poria)
3apeecrpoBaHux
3 noBHoro
uyraris po6oru
B14u-loro
oceiroto
3apeocrpoBauux uyrarie po6oru
6es o$iqir,tHoi npo$ecir,tHoi oceiril
3apeecrpoBaHnx u:yxarie po6oru 3 ypa3nIBilx rpyn
arilHo s
3axoHorvr
uflpo saraHnricrl
HaceneHHR,
TprBano 6espo6irnux (nxi nepe6yearcru
y peecrpi
'12
ruicnqia i 6inuue)
Kinrxicrs 3apeecrpoBaHilx
uyxaria po6oril Ha 1 eaxaHciro
72