Annual Report
Transcription
Annual Report
S Without Borders cience aaas annual report | 2011 The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) is the world’s largest general scientific society and publisher of the journal Science (www.sciencemag.org) as well as Science Translational Medicine (www.sciencetranslationalmedicine.org) and Science Signaling (www.sciencesignaling.org). AAAS was founded in 1848 and includes some 261 affiliated societies and academies of science, serving 10 million individuals. Science has the largest paid circulation of any peerreviewed general science journal in the world, with an estimated total readership of 1 million. The non-profit AAAS (www.aaas.org) is open to all and fulfills its mission to “advance science and serve society” through initiatives in science policy; international programs; science education; and more. For the latest research news, log onto EurekAlert! (www.eurekalert.org), the premier science-news Web site, a service of AAAS. American Association for the Advancement of Science 1200 New York Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20005 USA Tel: 202-326-6440 For more information about supporting AAAS, please e-mail [email protected], or call 202-326-6636. This year’s cover photograph was taken in August 2010 in the Masai Mara National Reserve, Kenya, by Alan I. Leshner. [FSC MixedSources logo / Rainforest Alliance Certified / 100 percent green power logo] Table of Contents 2 Welcome Letter by Alice S. Huang and Alan I. Leshner 4 Public Statements on Key Issues 7 Science, Policy and Society 10 Government Relations 12 AAAS Worldwide 14 Science Education and Careers 16 Science, Technology and Security Policy 18 The Science Family of Journals 20 Media and Public Engagement 22 ScienceCareers and AAAS MemberCentral 23 Special Gifts 2011 24 AAAS Awards and Prizes 26 AAAS Fellows 28 Acknowledgment of Contributors and Patron Members 40 Financial Summary 41 AAAS Board of Directors, Officers and Information Welcome from the AAAS Chair, Alice S. Huang, and the CEO, Alan I. Leshner Advances in science and technology have the power to bridge cultural, ideological and language barriers worldwide. Even amid politically tense circumstances, science serves as a universal way to communicate across borders. Shared scientific goals represent an effective leverage for enhancing international relationships as researchers cooperatively confront questions about national security, science education, human health, environmental sustainability, the origins and nature of the universe and much more. Successful science diplomacy initiatives can be implemented at many levels—between individuals, institutions and governments. AAAS initiatives in 2011 helped to promote science and technology cooperation broadly across various geographic regions, particularly Asia-Pacific Rim countries such as China, India and Mexico. In Bangalore, for instance, AAAS teamed up with an elite group of Indian science leaders to explore the need for universally compatible scientific standards and practices. Cohesive, consistent policies and ethical guidelines have become ever more important as multi-national, multi-disciplinary research teams scramble to mitigate disasters caused by nature and people. Association leadership emphasized that message at the World Science Forum in Hungary and elsewhere over the past year. Turn to pages 12-13 for more information on these and other high-impact contributions by the AAAS International Office. 2 AAAS Annual Report 2011 Improving science education—and providing support as well as unparalleled resources to teachers, students and science career seekers—has long been the focus of multiple AAAS activities. In 2011, those efforts included, as one example, a major conference for more than 500 college and university faculty, administrators and others who are working to advance undergraduate education in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). Participants described an array of innovative and increasingly multi-disciplinary projects to help promote student learning while providing them with hands-on discovery experiences. The event was organized by AAAS Education and Human Resources staff as part of the Association’s ongoing work with the National Science Foundation (NSF) program that promotes Course, Curriculum and Laboratory Improvement. Other education and career-related events focused on expanding the innovation pipeline by developing strategies to recruit and retain a more diverse community of scientists and engineers. Transformative thinking and new ideas often spring from new participants to the science and engineering enterprise. This is why AAAS coordinates science and technology internships, in concert with NASA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and companies like IBM, Merck and Lockheed Martin, for qualified, motivated students with disabilities. Similarly, AAAS in 2011 hosted 600 attendees of the NSF Emerging Researchers National Conference in STEM—part of a broad effort to support scientists from historically under-represented groups, a goal of the America COMPETES Act. AAAS further issued a new NSF-sponsored guide for graduate program leaders interested in measuring the effectiveness of efforts to promote diversity. Of course, student performance in scienceand technology-related fields depends to a large extent on curriculum and the capability of their teachers. A new Web site developed by Project 2061, the renowned AAAS science-literacy initiative, helps educators more accurately assess how well students understand science concepts presented to them in classrooms. The online resource offers unusually detailed information on how thousands of U.S. middle- and early high-school students answered 600 multiple-choice questions on topics ranging from cell biology to plate tectonics. These and other 2011 highlights of AAAS science education activities are described on pages 14-15. society. The AAAS Research Competitiveness Program, meanwhile, continues to support the efforts of science innovators throughout the United States, and in Saudi Arabia and Europe. See pages 7-9 for more information on the work of the AAAS Center of Science, Policy and Society Programs, and pages 16-17 for details about the Center for Science, Technology and Security Policy. AAAS also worked to engage its membership and the public in key science-society issues. The successful launch of MemberCentral, the Association’s community portal for members, now offers an array of multi-media materials on topics ranging from climate change to genetic sequencing, and from the obstacles facing women in science to the meaning of “transformative research.” Public engagement activities in 2011 encompassed, for example, Family Science Days at the AAAS Annual Meeting and participation in the USA Science & Engineering Festival. The scourge of HIV/AIDS, regional shortages of food and water and the looming global climate change crisis are examples of global challenges requiring science-based solutions. U.S. federal research and development (R&D) funding remains essential to both American competitiveness and efforts to combat problems that affect all of us, worldwide. Objective, authoritative analyses completed by the AAAS R&D Budget and Policy Program, combined with the communication efforts of the Association’s Office of Government Relations (pages 10-11), are helping to inform U.S. science policy on issues at the intersection of science and The Science family of journals continues to publish ground-breaking original research and award-winning science news, too (see pages 18-19). Finally, the AAAS Board launched a year-long examination of all AAAS functions, including publications, with the purpose of positioning the association for continued effectiveness and service to the science community in the coming decades. With your support, these and many other AAAS activities are helping to bring a thoughtful diversity of ideas to bear on the global quest for science-based solutions and innovation. Alice S. Huang AAAS Chair (2011-2012) and Senior Faculty Associate in Biology, California Institute of Technology Alan I. Leshner AAAS CEO and Executive Publisher, Science, Science Translational Medicine and Science Signaling science without borders 3 Public Statements on Key Issues The importance of federal R&D investments, unwarranted investigations of climate scientists and the need for more diversity within the scientific community were the focus of public statements by AAAS in 2011. Through op-ed articles, letters to policymakers and speaking appearances, AAAS also tackled threats to the teaching of evolution, plus other science-society issues such as human embryonic stem cell research, science communication and nuclear proliferation. GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE 1 June. AAAS CEO Alan I. Leshner sent a letter to the Los Alamitos Unified School District, expressing concern about plans to treat climate change as a “controversial issue” in advanced placement environmental science classes. 28 June. A statement of the AAAS Board of Directors decried personal attacks on climate scientists. The Board noted that accounts of harassment, death threats and legal challenges had created a hostile environment, inhibiting the free exchange of scientific findings and ideas. The statement was widely reported by the news media. INNOVATION, SCIENCE AND SOCIETY 7 March. At a time when U.S. President Barack Obama has called for the next “Sputnik moment,” universities should reward faculty members for engaging a broader student population in science, thereby promoting diverse new ideas, the AAAS CEO wrote in a commentary article in The Chronicle of Higher Education. 27 May. Stimulating innovation—a critical driver of economic growth and national well-being—will require new strategies to encourage transformative research. In a Science editorial, the AAAS CEO proposed more initiatives such as the Pioneer Awards of the U.S. National Institutes of Health or the U.S. Department of Energy’s ARPA-E program, which 4 AAAS Annual Report 2011 set aside funds for frontiers-expanding research. Fostering innovation also will mean increasing the number of young scientists and the diversity of the research community as well as new evaluation and reward mechanisms, he said. the U.S. House of Representatives as well as the House Minority Leader in support of federal R&D funding. Deep cuts to R&D budgets would be detrimental to America’s scientific enterprise and productivity, AAAS cautioned. 23 June. An essay on the popular “Convergence” blog at 24 February. As the federal appropriations process began, AAAS wrote to Senators Harry Reid (D-Nevada) and Mitch McConnell (R-Kentucky)—the Senate Majority and Minority Leaders, respectively—urging them to sustain federal R&D funding. Wired.com—timed to the opening of the 7th World Conference of Science Journalists in Doha, Qatar—affirmed the role of a free press in supporting scientific progress. “Any region hoping to be recognized for innovation needs an independent press corps that is able to seek out truth, without interference, while providing a conduit for exchange between science and the rest of society,” the AAAS CEO wrote with co-author Mohamed H.A. Hassan, co-chair of the InterAcademy Panel. 5 July. In a letter to Richard M. Thomas, associate general counsel for the U.S. Office of Government Ethics, AAAS supported a proposed rule that would allow federal scientists to participate in professional societies. 11 July. AAAS urged policymakers to preserve support for “a SCIENCE EDUCATION AND ENGAGEMENT 2 March. “There is virtually no scientific controversy among the overwhelming majority of researchers on the core facts of global warming and evolution,” the AAAS CEO wrote in a letter to two Tennessee policymakers. The letter was a response to HB 368, an anti-evolution bill. 25 March. AAAS sent a letter commending the efforts of Senator Al Franken (D-New Mexico) to advance science, technology, engineering and mathematics education (STEM) by rewarding high-quality teachers through the STEM Master Teacher Corps Act of 2011. 5 April. In a letter to representatives of the Tennessee Legislature, AAAS asked them to reject HB 368 and instead support a rigorous scientific education curriculum. 25 August. “Science enrichment opportunities are an impor- tant component of science education, and they are everywhere, for young and old alike,” the AAAS CEO wrote in an op-ed related to the 2012 AAAS Annual Meeting in Vancouver. The piece in the Vancouver Sun, co-authored with Tracy Ross of the Canadian Association of Science Centres, affirmed the importance of informal science learning. THE SCIENTIFIC ENTERPRISE 16 February. With U.S. policymakers facing intense pressure to cut the national deficit, AAAS wrote to the Speaker of balanced portfolio of scientific and technological discovery and innovation that has fueled American economic growth and rising standards of living for decades.” The association’s letter to the U.S. Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction also was signed by representatives of nearly 70 other science and engineering societies and universities. 13 July. Three AAAS senior managers sent a letter on the revised merit review criteria put forward from the National Science Board’s Task Force on Merit Review. 28 July. AAAS hailed a ruling that allowed continued federal funding of embryonic stem cell research. U.S. District Court Judge Royce Lamberth dismissed a lawsuit challenging federal funding of embryonic stem cell research, deferring to a ruling by the U.S. Court of Appeals that the research did not violate federal law. “Embryonic stem cell research is an extremely promising approach to developing more effective diagnostics and treatments for devastating conditions such as diabetes, spinal cord injuries and Parkinson’s disease,” the AAAS CEO wrote. He urged Congress to pass the Stem Cell Research Advancement Act. Lamberth’s decision, and the AAAS reaction to it, received extensive news coverage, science without borders 5 including articles by the Wall Street Journal, Politico, The Chronicle of Higher Education and Agence France Press. 1 August. AAAS cautioned that a hard-fought agreement to raise the U.S. debt ceiling and reduce spending could imperil federal research investments that are essential to job creation and economic growth. Joanne Carney, director of the AAAS Office of Government Relations, warned that discretionary spending caps, approved by Congress and signed by the President, “could result in a real decrease in R&D investment for the foreseeable future.” 10 August. In a letter to the Administration of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), AAAS applauded the release of a revised Scientific Integrity Policy. 30 August. AAAS, among many other organizations, signed onto a letter informing members of Congress of the value of R&D. “Innovative science protects public safety and national security, and supports our economic prosperity,” the letter noted. “Investing in critical science research now will create jobs and reinforce the American economy.” 26 October. In a letter to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, AAAS commented on new rules related to the protection of human research subjects. 8 November. AAAS contacted the appropriations leaders in the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives to express grave concerns regarding a House proposal to slash the Office of Science and Technology Policy budget by 50%. 11 November. “When resources are constrained, it is es- sential that they be used effectively and efficiently to avoid losing scientific momentum and to ensure that society will benefit maximally from science and technology’s potential,” the AAAS CEO wrote in an editorial in Science. He proposed steps such as harmonizing funding and reporting policies across granting agencies to reduce wasted administrative efforts and increase returns on federal R&D investments. 20 December. The association expressed concerns about the Grant Reform and New Transparency Act of 2011. Peerreviewers should remain anonymous to ensure fully candid evaluations, the CEO wrote. 6 AAAS Annual Report 2011 AAAS administered the 2011 L’Oreal Fellowships for Women in Science competition. Here, AAAS Education and Human Resources Director Shirley Malcom (center) is flanked (left to right) by award winners R. Blythe Towal, Tijana Ivanovic, Sasha Devore, Karlin Bark and Trisha Andrew. SCIENCE AND SECURITY 7 February. AAAS teamed up with three other societies to comment on “export control” rules that relate to public safety and security but also affect research and science publishing. To keep pace with rapid technological change, AAAS suggested continuously updating lists of research areas that are subject to controls. 4 March. Noting that new uranium enrichment and plutonium reprocessing technologies can pose safety, environmental and proliferation risks, AAAS supported the American Physical Society’s petition to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission to strengthen key application procedures affecting researchers. WOMEN IN SCIENCE 8 April. “Empowering women as scientists and engineers, supporting girls’ education in science, and valuing women as builders of economic development all contribute to gender equality,” AAAS Education and Human Resources Director Shirley Malcom wrote in an editorial in Science. The piece, co-authored with Kerri-Ann Jones, U.S. Assistant Secretary of State, Bureau of Oceans and International Environment and Scientific Affairs, reported on the 55th session of the Commission on the Status of Women of the United Nations, which expanded its interests to encompass science- and technology-related concerns. Science, Policy and Society AAAS helps to direct the benefits of science to society by reaching out to government policymakers through a prestigious top-level forum and yearly fellowships that place scientists and engineers at federal agencies. The association also works with the criminal justice system and leaders in the religious community, and speaks out to uphold a universal right to the benefits of scientific advances. AAAS provides objective scientific expertise to help monitor and protect human rights and to build quality science and technology programs nationally and internationally. The King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia’s national science agency, is working with AAAS and others to develop a knowledge economy. Promoting Research Competitiveness The AAAS Research Competitiveness Program (RCP) provides expert advice to organizations engaging in science and technology activities around the world. In 2011, RCP completed 31 projects, conducting work for 15 different states and territories, one federal agency, the European Commission and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Turki bin Saud bin Mohammad Al Saud, of the Saudi national science agency, explained his organization’s satisfaction with AAAS as Saudi Arabia set out to reinvigorate its science sector by shaping a research grant competition based on tough, independent peer review: “We have established a certain level of quality that everyone appreciates,” Turki said, “and it is helping to turn around the research capability in the kingdom. 36th Annual AAAS Forum on S&T Policy Science and policy leaders at the 2011 AAAS Forum on Science and Technology Policy stressed the importance of fostering innovation in the United States as a crucial economic driver. At the same time, Forum speakers warned that uneven commitment to innovation, such as neglecting efforts to improve science education could impede science and technology initiatives. Speaker John P. Holdren, White House science and technology adviser, said President Barack Obama remains committed to maintaining the United States’ science leadership. He listed proposed funding increases to federal agencies that do the kind of basic research seen as fundamental to innovation. Holdren warned, however, that overall budget-cutting will present challenges to science and technology in the years ahead. The 2011 Forum was attended by some 500 top U.S. and foreign representatives from academia, government, industry and major scientific and engineering societies. Forum speakers tackled topics such as how the science community should plan for changing U.S. demographics, lessons to be learned from the tsunami-triggered accident at the Fukushima Daiichi facility in Japan, the health implications science without borders 7 The 2011-2012 class of AAAS Science and Technology Policy Fellows includes more than 250 scientists and engineers assigned to share their expertise with Congress and executive branch agencies and departments. of the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill, an inside view of the HIV/AIDS crisis and response, and effectively communicating science in a rapidly changing media culture. S&T Policy Fellows Forge Ahead This year’s group of AAAS Science and Policy Fellows was the largest ever, with more than 250 scientists and engineer participants. The fellows worked in Congress and executive branch agencies and departments, providing their scientific expertise while learning firsthand about the workings of government and policy. Participating agencies included the State Department and the Environmental Protection Agency, which have both hit a 30-year milestone in their hosting of fellows. The 2011 fellows brought the total number of participants to some 2,400, and past fellows continue to demonstrate the program’s value and impact. In July 2011, the State Department named E. William Colglazier as adviser on science and technology. His introduction to science policy occurred in 1976, when he became a Congressional Science Fellow for AAAS in the office of Congressman George Brown. Forensics, Human Rights and Criminal Law DNA analysis has helped win the freedom of nearly 300 people wrongly convicted of crimes, but with such evidence only available in 5-10% of the crimes that make it to court, scientific research is needed to improve other forensic 8 AAAS Annual Report 2011 tools. “There is a huge opportunity to improve the reliability of non-DNA forensic tools,” said forensic policy specialist Sarah Chu at a meeting of the AAAS Science and Human Rights Coalition, a network of scientific and engineering organizations involved in human rights issues. At the same July 2011 meeting, Joe Cecil, scientific and technical evidence director at the Federal Judicial Center, said scientific organizations have an “affirmative obligation” to help improve the quality of forensics by providing scientific rigor, analytic techniques and methodologies. The AAAS Scientific Responsibility, Human Rights and Law Program co-sponsored a Neuroscience and the Law webinar series exploring issues such as the use of neuroscience to determine whether a defendant is competent to stand trial, and continued a series of seminars in which leading researchers educate judges about the latest advances in neuroscience. Promoting Science-Religion Dialogue The association broadly seeks to promote constructive discourse on issues at the intersection of science and society. Toward that end, the AAAS Dialogue on Science, Ethics and Religion (DoSER) hosted packed audiences at two symposia at the AAAS Annual Meeting. One explored the topic of engagement between evangelical Christians and scientists, drawing on new models of positive discourse around issues Science in the Service of Human Rights These two images show Negeha, South Darfur, on 13 January 2010, and 24 December 2010. In the lower image, AAAS satellite-image analysis determined that structures in the community had been destroyed, corroborating accounts of widespread destruction resulting in the displacement of a population of 7,000. In addition to monitoring the situation in South Darfur, the AAAS Scientific Responsibility, Human Rights, and the Law program has provided analysis of satellite images of a destructive oil spill in Nigeria, among other activities involving science and human rights. for religious scholars. Panelists including scientists, clergy, seminary professors, students and administrators drew a standing-room-only crowd with the exploration of how to incorporate cutting-edge science into theological education. Testifying on People’s Right to Science The benefits of scientific progress could include improved access to agricultural innovation, AAAS experts suggested in testimony before the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. In her testimony, Jessica Wyndham, associate director of the AAAS Scientific Responsibility, Human Rights and Law Program, listed five elements of the right to the benefits of scientific progress: a focus on the needs of “marginalized and vulnerable” populations; creation of a participatory environment, including strong science education; enhanced international cooperation and assistance in science; protection against abuses caused by the use or the misuse of science and technology; and recognition that scientific freedom is essential. 13 January 2010 Jessica Wyndham and Mark Frankel, associate director and director of the AAAS Scientific Responsibility, Human Rights and Law Program, testified before the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights on the universal right to the benefits of scientific progress. 24 December 2010 such as climate change in order to invite further interaction. The second symposium presented a discussion of the theological implications of finding life on other planets. DoSER also co-hosted panel discussions at AAAS, as well as at the American Academy of Religion and Society of Biblical Literature annual conference, the world’s largest meeting science without borders 9 Government Relations AAAS Government Relations helps connect the science community with U.S. lawmakers through Capitol Hill briefings and events. Those events and periodic publications ensure that scientists’ expert input on pressing issues reaches policymakers and key Congressional staff members. Providing such evidence-based science and technology expertise improves the level of understanding and sophistication with which governmental decisions are made. Working With Congress: A Scientist’s Guide to Policy This book’s 2011 edition provides scientists with expert advice on how to communicate with policymakers, including which route of communication is best suited to a particular issue, whom to contact and when, what to do to prepare, and how to follow up. A companion Web site offers important updates. “With Congress looking for ways to reduce the deficit by decreasing discretionary spending, now more than ever it is critical for scientists to communicate to policymakers on why R&D is a crucial investment and why their research matters,” said Joanne Carney, director of AAAS Government Relations. R&D Funding Analysis Guides Policy The AAAS R&D Budget and Policy Program provided critical analysis of federal funding of R&D through public presentations such as a Congressional briefing in April 2011, and constantly updated online analyses of relevant appropriations processes. Such comprehensive accounting spurred AAAS to speak up throughout the year to preserve federal R&D funding in a climate of drastic budget-cutting, emphasizing R&D’s role as a catalyst for economic growth. “Over 50% of U.S. economic growth since World War II has come from science and technology,” said AAAS CEO Alan I. Leshner, executive publisher of Science, at a Congressional event. “The return on investment for academic scientific research is best estimated at around 28%.” For more information on AAAS’s statements regarding federal funding, see pages 4-6. Matt Hourihan was named director of the R&D Budget and Policy Program in December 2011. Prior to joining AAAS, Hourihan tracked federal investment in energy R&D and innovation activities for the Information Technology & Innovation Foundation. 10 AAAS Annual Report 2011 Neuroscience and Society Events A series of Capitol Hill briefings focused broadly on the topic of neuroscience. The first, on the military’s involvement in neuroscience and neurotechnology research, explored such exciting advances as the ability to restore injured patients’ ability to move and speak using neural signals transmitted to a computer. The second session provided a range of scientific perspectives on research related to possible links between cell phones and brain tumors. (Studies thus far have shown no consistent link, experts said.) Headlining the third event were the latest discoveries, diagnostic tools and treatments in traumatic brain injury, which is suffered by 1.7 million Americans each year. All three briefings were sponsored by the Dana Foundation, which awarded a second grant to continue the series in 2012. The U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, the Veteran’s Administration and others are exploring whether neural signals can drive a new generation of advanced, dextrous prosthetics like the DEKA robotic arm. Promising neuroscience-based technologies were the focus of three AAAS briefings in 2011. [Image courtesy of DEKA Research & Development.] Other Congressional Outreach Events Varied briefings organized by the AAAS Office of Government Relations brought top science experts together with Congressional staffers and other interested parties to delve into such urgent topics as stem cell research and climate change. Periodic events focused on the impact of climate change on U.S. water resources, crop yields and the incidence of extreme weather. At one of several events co-sponsored by AAAS and other organizations such as the American Meteorological Society, climate experts considered the potential of geoengineering—or large-scale engineering of the environment such as by removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere— to mitigate climate change. AAAS also co-organized the first official Climate Science Day on Capitol Hill. Climate scientists representing many disciplines came to Washington to visit Congressional offices with the aim of increasing dialogue between scientists and policymakers. U.S. Representatives Judy Biggert (R-Illinois) and Rush Holt (D-New Jersey) attended the April 2011 briefing where AAAS provided its analysis of the federal R&D budget. science without borders 11 AAAS Worldwide Coordinating science globally through collaborative projects and common standards is crucial to effectively surmounting major challenges facing our world, such as climate change and global health issues. AAAS promotes international research cooperation as well as science diplomacy to further the potential and scope of science and technology-based solutions, and to foster mutual understanding. S&T Cooperation in the Asia-Pacific Region Pacific Rim countries represent more than 40% of the world’s population and more than half of economic output. Bringing together 30+ leaders from the region’s science, higher-education and policy communities, a 2011 AAAS roundtable developed recommendations for “a more coherent and compatible scientific system.” The region, which includes nations as diverse as Canada, China, India and Malaysia, is characterized by pockets of huge growth in scientific research. With the aim of supporting collaborations across the Asia and Pacific region, leaders at the roundtable explored such ideas as identifying common challenges, developing compatible scientific norms and ethics, and making universities hubs for regional collaboration and problem-solving. India, AAAS Explore Science Diplomacy How can India and the United States, two major science powers, utilize cooperation in science and technology to support international relations and address critical issues? This promising area of exploration headlined a workshop in the Indian city of Bangalore, organized by India’s National Institute of Advanced Studies (NIAS) and AAAS. Top scholars, diplomats and science policy leaders concluded that the two nations should explore joint projects in developing nations such as Afghanistan as well as large- Science and Diplomacy Publication Announced The 2012 launch by AAAS of Science and Diplomacy, a quarterly online publication designed to address issues at the intersection of science and foreign policy, was announced in November 2011. Visit www.sciencediplomacy.org. 12 AAAS Annual Report 2011 scale research collaborations, especially to handle global concerns. “We should be addressing as partners some of the pressing global problems like renewable energy, climate change or drugs for infectious diseases,” said NIAS Director V.S. Ramamurthy, a nuclear physicist and former secretary to the Indian Department of Science and Technology. “We are living at a time when science and technology are embedded in almost all of human activity,” said AAAS CEO Alan I. Leshner, executive publisher of Science. “Advancing science will require making relevant scientific values, policies and regulations compatible.” World Science Forum in Hungary At the 2011 World Science Forum, some of the world’s most respected research and policy leaders emphasized that global science coordination will be required to handle regional and global challenges. “We can only contribute fully to solving global problems if the scientific community itself is functioning in a truly global way,” said AAAS’s Leshner at the Forum’s opening session, which was attended by some 500 science experts. Leshner and other science authorities called for common standards in science ethics, education, peer review and intellectual property, as well as increased mobility of scientists and research funding to tackle tough issues involving health, energy and the environment. The global research landscape is rapidly shifting, speakers said, with increasing numbers of researchers coming out of Asia and many developing nations building science capacity. Report Offers Roadmap for Haitian Science In workshops organized by AAAS and its Caribbean Division, some 100 scientists, engineers, educators and government leaders determined that Haiti and the international community should work together to build the island nation’s science capacity as a means to recover from disaster and begin long-term, sustainable development. Held in Port-au-Prince, the workshops involved participants from Haiti, Puerto Rico, Canada, Rwanda and the United States. Fritz Deshommes, president of the Haitian students gather around a computer. Formal and informal educational opportunities were cited in the AAAS report as ways to leverage the benefits of science for Haiti’s post-earthquake reconstruction and future development. newly formed Haitian Association for the Advancement of Science and Technology, referred to the resulting AAAS report, Science for Haiti, as “the possibility of a vision for Haiti that is more rational, authentic and reassuring, one that is not limited to humanitarian aid nor condemned to perpetual dependence.” The report makes recommendations to strengthen science and science education in Haiti, with the assistance of collaborative partnerships and other support from the international science community and aid organizations. Academy of Sciences for the Developing World To maximize their efforts in science diplomacy, AAAS and the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World (TWAS) formally agreed to promote regional cooperation among developing countries and to increase the capacities of foreign and research ministries to build science partnerships. “Our new collaboration with TWAS will help identify new mechanisms for increasing the role that science can play in addressing some of the great international and global challenges,” the AAAS CEO said. science without borders 13 Science Education and Careers Science education and literacy relate directly to society’s progress and well-being. Now more than ever, everyone needs a basic understanding of the nature of science and the natural world. At the same time, science and technology workplaces require well-trained candidates from diverse backgrounds. AAAS education and career programs reach out to all students and job seekers, aiming to encourage their personal and professional development and their contributions to science and technology. Project 2061: Promoting Science Literacy Project 2061 at AAAS continued to carry out high-quality research and development efforts with support from the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Education and other federal agencies. As part of a new study, the project embarked on a plan to find ways to turn “green” school buildings—along with the technologies they use and the data they generate—into compelling contexts for student learning in mathematics and science. In April 2011, Project 2061 launched a hugely popular science assessment Web site with more than 700 test questions to help educators monitor not only what students know about science, but what they don’t know. Each of the questions on the site was answered by at least 2,000 middle- and high-school students in districts across the nation. The questions were designed to assess a student’s ability to explain phenomena and to reason logically; the misconceptions revealed by the questions provide valuable insights for teachers. Focusing on middle-school curriculum, a Project 2061 research team pilot-tested a four-week unit aimed at building students’ comprehension of difficult ideas about chemical reactions in living and non-living systems. The tests showed statistically significant gains in understanding by students in both suburban and urban classrooms. Transforming Undergrad science Education The 2011 Transforming Undergraduate Education in Science conference, sponsored by AAAS and the National Science Foundation (NSF), attracted 590 registrants. Its urgency was heightened by a recent national report showing that very few K-12 students in the United States have the skills needed to pursue careers in science and technology. Members of the AAAS Spark Club, an after-school curriculum for 6th - 8th graders, demonstrated a turbine project at a 2011 Earth Day celebration on the National Mall. Also in 2011, the Spark Club added an activity related to the nature of light and energy and one in which students built passive solar home models. Preliminary analysis of the club’s impact has shown that participants are significantly more likely to say they want to be scientists as adults. 14 AAAS Annual Report 2011 “The performance from K-12 students is connected to the capability of their teachers,” said Shirley Malcom, director of AAAS Education and Human Resources. “The development of this capability is a responsibility that begins in our colleges and universities.” Conference participants emphasized that although NSFfunded projects have resulted in the creation of innovative teaching techniques, effective means for evaluating and disseminating those techniques must be further developed. Carl Wieman, Associate Director for Science at the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, urged educators at the meeting to adopt techniques that help students to “think like scientists,” rather than to memorizing facts. Mass Media Fellows at the Forefront To gain direct experience with the media, the most recent group of 11 AAAS Mass Media Science & Engineering Fellowship recipients spent ten weeks reporting on science at the Chicago Tribune, Los Angeles Times, Philadelphia Inquirer, Oregonian, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, Science, Scientific American, Sacramento Bee, Raleigh News & Observer, National Public Radio, KUNC-FM in Greeley, Colorado, and the Voice of America. The graduate and post-graduate science, engineering and mathematics students actively produced content for their respective newsrooms after a short orientation at AAAS headquarters. “Above all else, we hope the fellows will be inspired to incorporate effective science communication into their core professional work,” said AAAS staffer Rahman Culver. ENTRY POINT! Interns Make Their Mark AAAS’s ENTRY POINT! program partnered with organizations such as NASA, IBM and Merck to place 33 undergraduates in internships in 2011. If all goes well, one of those summer interns will watch a precipitation satellite that she worked on launch in 2013. AAAS Expert Receives Top Appointment Shirley Malcom, director of AAAS Education and Human Resources, served as one of the United States’ six public delegates at the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women, providing her expertise on women’s and girls’ participation in science and technology. Measuring Diversity Report Released AAAS, in partnership with the National Science Foundation, issued a guide offering detailed, practical tools for universities to evaluate graduate programs in science, engineering and related fields, especially with regard to participation and success of minority students. MEASurinG DiVErSiTY An Evaluation Guide for STEM Graduate School Leaders EVALUATION MATH dATA CHEMISTRY PHYS ICS BIOLOGY “AAAS can be an advocate by putting a student with disabilities in the mix,” said Richard Weibl, director of the AAAS Center for Careers in Science and Technology and the Project on Science, Technology and Disability. “Minority students that are first in their family to attend college or that come from high schools that did not prepare them adequately, from a low socioeconomic background … simply don’t receive information about science career possibilities,” said Sonia Zarate, academic administrator of the UCLA Undergraduate Research Center. Participating in the conference provided those resources, she added. ENGIN EE RING All of the interns have disabilities, ranging from ADHD, to hearing impairments, to rheumatoid arthritis, which means they are members of one of the most underrepresented groups in science: people with disabilities. vere, to prepare themselves for maximum marketability, and to consider all possible options as they earn advanced degrees in science. Emerging Researchers STEM Conference Nearly 600 students from more than 170 institutions attended this conference, where in addition to presenting their research, they learned from career scientists that finding a place in the science community might not involve a traditional route. Students were encouraged to perse- science without borders 15 Science, Technology and Security Policy The AAAS Center for Science, Technology and Security Policy worked in the interest of global security through a broad range of events and initiatives. Periodic sessions on Capitol Hill and at AAAS encouraged dialogue about security issues between scientists and government policymakers. International workshops offered collaborative opportunities to scientists in other countries, and AAAS-organized discussions brought together divergent research and security communities on security-related issues. U.S. Ambassador Susan Burk spoke at a “short course” briefing on nuclear security. Nuclear Security Short Course AAAS presented five intensive sessions on nuclear-security issues for Congressional and federal agency staffers in 2011. The “short course” brought together respected scholars and other leading experts who shared their insights on nuclear weapons, proliferation, arms control and terrorism. Under a grant from the Carnegie Corporation, the course was part of a broader effort to build expertise within Congress on nuclear security issues. Additional seminars explored issues ranging from detecting concealed nuclear radiation sources, to White House planning advice for a response to a nuclear detonation—facilitating valuable interaction between the science and security communities. Field trips took Congressional staffers to nuclear security facilities in this country and abroad. Promoting Responsible Bioscience In 2011, the Center for Science, Technology and Security Policy (CSTSP) hosted the second and third workshops in a series on fostering safety and security in bioscience research in countries from the broader Middle East and North Africa (BMENA). The workshops sought to encourage international cooperation against such threats as infectious disease. The conferences incorporated input regarding particular challenges that were cited by BMENA university administrators 16 AAAS Annual Report 2011 The AAAS Center for Science, Technology and Security Policy hosted a workshop in Kuwait on fostering safety and security in bioscience research. and science leaders, while exploring how to improve capabilities to prevent and respond to biological threats whether natural, accidental or intentional. Discussion focused on common principles in bioethics, biosafety and biosecurity to foster responsible research conduct at the institutional level and to minimize biological research risks. Image © diybio.or g, AAAS and the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) continued to reach out to biotech researchers and “do-ityourself ” amateur biologists to address security issues while respecting the research process. Ongoing meetings between the FBI, AAAS and professional researchers and community biology groups are intended to ensure that rules are not imposed out of mistrust or fear, as such measures could impede biological research without really improving security. Collaboration, one AAAS biosecurity expert said, is “ultimately going to be a lot more productive and lot more useful in reaching the end goals of security and science.” licensed CC-by-sa FBI, AAAS Collaborate on Outreach Effort DIYbio co-founder Mackenzie Cowell (seated) and FBI Supervisory Special Agent Edward H. You talked during a meeting at AAAS. science without borders 17 The Science Family of Journals Science and its sister journals, Science Translational Medicine and Science Signaling are known for hosting ground-breaking scientific research each year—and 2011 was no exception. Discoveries unearthed from below and others retrieved from space provided fresh insight into human health and the history of the universe. Other, biological breakthroughs helped to guide critical conservation efforts and upped the ante against HIV and malaria. Science also published some landmark papers in the social sciences, including an innovative study of the social networking site, Twitter. Out of Africa, Earlier Than Expected: Artifacts found in the United Arab Emirates date back 100,000 years and imply that modern humans first left Africa earlier than researchers had believed. (Armitage et al., 28 January) Clues to Disease-Free Life: Researchers identified a mutation shared by members of a small Ecuadorian population, which seems to protect against diabetes and cancer. (Guevara-Aguirre et al., 16 February Science Translational Medicine) Picking Up Ecological Distress Signals: A series of reports showed that fire, rainfall and predators can push ecosystems to their “tipping points,” where the transition to another natural state becomes inevitable. Fortunately, 18 AAAS Annual Report 2011 warning signs of such regime shifts can be detected ahead of time. (Carpenter et al., 28 April ScienceExpress; Staver et al., 14 October; Hirota et al., 14 October) Assembling the Pieces of Japan’s Devastating Quake: Three reports provided fundamental insight into the behavior of the Great Tohoku-Oki Earthquake, which created a lethal tsunami and triggered the nuclear disaster at the Fukushima power plant complex. (Simons et al., 19 May ScienceExpress; Ide et al., 19 May ScienceExpress; Sato et al., 19 May ScienceExpress) Common Origin for HIV-Fighting Antibodies: A study expanded the group of known, human antibodies that can disarm a broad spectrum of HIV viruses, suggesting that such “broadly neutralizing” antibodies are more common than once thought. (Scheid et al., 15 July) Stretchable Electronic “Skin”: Scientists described an ultrathin electronic device that attaches to skin like a temporary tattoo and measures vital signs. The technology may lead to electronic bandages that speed up wound-healing or even a touch sense for prosthetic devices. (Kim et al., 11 August) Earth-Bound Meteorites Born From Stony Asteroids: Researchers got their first up-close look at dust from the surface of a small, stony asteroid after the Japanese spacecraft Hayabusa scooped some up and brought it back to Earth. (Nakamura et al., 26 August; Yurimoto et al., 26 August; Ebihara et al., 26 August; Noguchi et al., 26 August; Tsuchiyama et al., 26 August; Nagao et al., 26 August) New Details About Australopithecus sediba: Analysis of Au. sediba, a primitive hominin that existed around the same time early Homo species first appeared on the planet, made it clear that this ancient relative displayed both primitive characteristics as well as more modern, human-like traits. (Pickering et al., 9 September; Carlson et al., 9 September; Kibii et al., 9 September; Zipfel et al., 9 September) Twitter as a Mood Ring for the World: Researchers used Twitter to study the moods of individuals from various cultures around the world and identified consistent variations in their moods, depending on the time of day and season. (Golder et al., 30 September) Pristine Gas in Space: Researchers detected two stars without discernible metals, based on observations made with the Keck telescope in Hawaii. (Fumagalli et al., 10 November ScienceExpress) Other Science Highlights Powerful Special Issues: Science published 10 comprehensive special issues that focused on broad topics like “Dealing With Data” and “Synthetic Biology,” each informing national discussions. Many included rich online visualizations, and one about “Population” was launched via Science’s new iPad app, designed for such specialized topics. Military Releases Afghan Civilian Casualty Data to Science: For an exclusive News Focus story, the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) released its database of civilian casualties in Afghanistan to Science correspondent John Bohannon. This database and an analysis by researchers revealed a picture of a conflict that was growing deadlier for the Afghan population. Egyptian Science in the Spotlight: In a special News Focus section of the journal, award-winning news writer Andrew Lawler took a close look at the state of science in Egypt following the republic’s popular uprising and detailed what it would take to raise Egyptian science to international levels. Delving Into Mysteries: Starting with “Mysteries of the Cell” in 2011, the Science news team kicked off a new, ongoing series of articles that will periodically take aim at longstanding scientific questions. ScienceNOW Expands Its Reach: More media outlets, including the Boston Globe, Buffalo News and Wired.com, registered for a free service that disseminates articles from ScienceNOW, Science’s online, daily news service, for publication. Honors We Brought In: Science was awarded the 2011 Communications Award from the American Society for Tropical Health and Hygiene in recognition of the journal’s coverage of global health issues. This was the first time the award recognized a “body of work,” rather than a single article, for educating lay Access the Science journals online at www.sciencemag.org. Log onto ScienceCareers at www.sciencecareers.org. readers and informing public policy regarding disease and health conditions of poor and underserved populations. (The Financial Times was a co-winner of the award.) Two articles by the Science’s News team in 2011 were selected for the 2012 edition of Best American Science Writing. In “Aging Genes,” Jennifer Couzin-Frankel examined the fierce debate over the putative role of sirtuins in cellular aging, and in “Mending the Youngest Hearts,” Gretchen Vogel described progress with tissue-engineered blood vessels used to repair malformed hearts in very young children. Honors We Gave Out: Continuing its tradition of support for promising young scientists, Science awarded the 2011 Eppendorf & Science Prize for Neurobiology to Tiago Branco in recognition of his work on cracking the “language of dendrites.” And, the first genome-wide spatial map of the human genome— showing how the two-meter-long human genome can fold up inside the nucleus of a cell—earned Erez Lieberman Aiden the GE & Science Prize for Young Life Scientists. A $25,000 cash prize accompanied both awards. A method to observe individual atoms in an ultra-cold gas as they transition from one quantum state to another won the 2011 Newcomb Cleveland Prize, supported by Affymetrix. And the Science Prize for Online Resources in Education (SPORE) competition came to a close in 2011 after honoring 24 outstanding Web sites for their use of online material in science education. ScienceCareers: For the 11th year in a row, ScienceCareers published its annual Top Employers Survey, this time with a new podcast component. The career-oriented component of Science also posted 14 special career ad features—showcases of job opportunities in various fields along with the skills needed to acquire such positions—that highlighted post-docs, neuroscientists, careers in China and careers in Europe. ScienceCareers also published a special booklet, entitled Finding Your Personal Job Chemistry. science without borders 19 MEDIA AND PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT Cultivating public engagement with science’s advances is a critical endeavor. Global challenges require an understanding of science. Our national well-being depends on support for science. Even personal health decisions are made more wisely with an understanding of science’s breakthroughs. AAAS amplifies and clarifies messages about the world of science through its top-notch Annual Meeting, online news activities, awards and fellowships for science journalists and research-informed public events. AAAS Family Science Days in Washington, D.C., included a series of engaging stage presentations that encouraged audience participation. AAAS Annual Meeting Reaches Out With the theme of “Science Without Borders,” the 2011 AAAS Annual Meeting brought together nearly 5,000 researchers, science policy experts and educators, who took part in a wide array of presentations and activities. These ranged from a discussion of the challenges of sustainably feeding the planet’s inhabitants in 2050, when our population is expected to hit 9 billion, to a machine that could “print” new skin, one thin layer at a time, to treat wounds. More than one thousand U.S. and foreign newsroom registrants also participated in the meeting, providing extensive international news coverage on the latest scientific progress and challenges. At the meeting’s Family Science Days, nearly 2,100 attendees of all ages were treated to various activities, from making bouncing balls using polymers, to a dance performance exploring the evolution of life, to meeting and chatting with scientists about their work. Supporting Science Journalism Broadly EurekAlert!, AAAS’s online news service, supplied breaking news to approximately 1 million unique online visitors each month, for a total of 1.5 million monthly visits. Some 8,600 registered science reporters and editors from 85 countries received a news package via e-mail to alert them each week to the latest breakthroughs from Science, 20 AAAS Annual Report 2011 Science Translational Medicine and Science Signaling as well as hundreds of other sources on EurekAlert!. For its part, the online “SciPak,” or Science press package, offered access to summaries of forthcoming research, related photos, videos, audio recordings, background information and opportunities to interview researchers. In 2011, the Science public information team added Arabic-language translations of the top four news summaries each week, supplementing existing translations in French, Spanish, Chinese and Japanese. EurekAlert! helped sponsor the World Conference of Science Journalists in Doha, Qatar, where Alan I. Leshner, AAAS CEO and executive publisher of Science, served as keynote speaker. EurekAlert! also introduced a cancer research portal, live webcast coverage of the AAAS Annual Meeting, video interviews with researchers for the site’s Science Reporting for Kids portal, and a new system to let news outlets such as the Washington Post, Wired.com and Huffington Post republish ScienceNOW content. The 2011 EurekAlert! Fellowships for International Science Reporters went to four reporters—from Argentina, Chile, China and Egypt—who received stipends to attend the AAAS Annual Meeting. Meanwhile, the AAAS Kavli Science Journalism Awards singled out stories on the use of genetic analysis to help save a boy with a life-threatening disease, on the potential impact of climate change in two places, and on the secret lives of scientists and engineers, to name a few of the winning topics picked by an independent panel of science journalists. Funded by The Kavli Foundation, the awards go to professional journalists for distinguished reporting for a general audience. a science and engineering standpoint, can a mine proposed to extract billions of tons of copper and gold be developed in the region’s sensitive, earthquake-zoned environment without endangering its world-class wild salmon fishery and the communities that depend on it? At the 2011 AAAS Pacific Division meeting, Princess Takabuti, an Egyptian mummy who dates back to about 700 B.C., was one of the stars. The meeting was held in conjunction with the 7th World Congress on Mummy Studies and offered sixteen sessions on the science of mummies, from DNA analysis to techniques for developing facial images from mummified remains. The meeting offered a broad range of symposia beyond its focus on mummies, on topics such as tsunamis, Antarctic ice analysis, Fragile X Syndrome and the ways in which music and the sciences intersect. The AAAS Caribbean Division worked with Haitian, Puerto Rican, Canadian, Rwandan and U.S. scientists, engineers, educators and government leaders to develop a workable roadmap for science development in Haiti. For more information, see page 13. Abelson Event on Alzheimer’s Research AAAS and the journal Science Translational Medicine invited top experts in the field of Alzheimer’s disease to an April 2011 event intended to stimulate new thinking about the condition and help speed medical advances. Researchers spoke to a packed auditorium, offering insights on a disease that is currently predicted to affect 16 million Americans within 50 years. The event was named after the late Science editor and AAAS senior adviser Philip Hauge Abelson. Engaging with the AAAS Divisions The 2011 AAAS Arctic Division meeting provided an important forum for public debate, drawing more than 75 scientists, policymakers and others from the United States, Canada and Russia’s Kamchatka Peninsula as well as 150 residents from Alaska’s Bristol Bay region. The topic? From Alzheimer’s researcher Richard Morimoto of Northwestern University (left) confers with Melvin Simon of The Agouron Institute, which supported the 2011 Philip Hauge Abelson Advancing Science event. science without borders 21 Science Careers and AAAS Member Central Offering support, networking and cutting-edge information to science professionals is one of the main objectives of AAAS. In 2011, ScienceCareers, published by the journal Science and AAAS, continued its mission of connecting qualified scientists from all over the world with jobs in their fields. AAAS MemberCentral kept on with its mission to inform and inspire the AAAS member community with articles, podcasts and videos of some of the latest events in the science and engineering world. ScienceCareers in China ScienceCareers, published by the journal Science and AAAS, connects qualified scientists with jobs in industry, academia and government. With more than 1.9 million page impressions each month, ScienceCareers reaches a global audience and serves scientists at all stages of their careers. Activities in 2011 included its first outreach events in China, with presentations on the topic of job searching and professional development at Fudan University, Peking University, the Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences and Sun Yat-sen University. Online Community at AAAS MemberCentral Designed to benefit the 120,000+ members of AAAS and to encourage an exchange of ideas among science professionals, the MemberCentral Web site added a number of new features in 2011, including extensive video coverage of the AAAS Annual Meeting and an evening of lectures by AAAS fellows Vinton Cerf, Lene Hau, James Tour, Alan Boss and Richard Potts on emerging trends in their fields. More than 200 new videos, including lectures and panel discussions held at AAAS and interviews with AAAS members, were made available on the site, and 20 podcasts offered interviews with members about their work. MemberCentral also hosted four webinars—on engaging with the public on climate change, changes in science, technology, engineering and mathematics education, the future of NASA, and the history and philosophy of science. 22 AAAS Annual Report 2011 Charitable contributions advance and expand AAAS efforts to speak up for science at this critical time for science and society. A record number of individuals made gifts to the Flexible Action Fund in 2011. ENTRY POINT! Alumnus Gives Back Schuyler Kaye, an alumnus of AAAS’s ENTRY POINT! program, has named the program and AAAS as the recipient of charitable contributions from his new business, T4Execs. This decision reflects the importance of his ENTRY POINT! experiences in shaping his business model. Kaye served as an ENTRY POINT! intern—participating in a summer program for undergraduate and graduate science, technology, engineering and mathematics students with apparent and non-apparent disabilities—at the National Science Foundation in 2000. In 2001, he took a second ENTRY POINT! post at NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, and in 2002, a third at NASA Langley Research Center. After graduating from New Mexico State University with a bachelor of science degree in computer science and a minor in mathematics, Kaye worked for Lockheed Martin. He also enrolled at Stanford University, where he earned a master’s degree in computer science. Kaye was then accepted in a highly competitive program at Lockheed Martin, working with top executives on advancing the overall function, operation and visibility of corporate efforts. Later, he launched T4Execs based on his experiences with “reverse mentoring”—assisting executives with their online brand presence and other social media issues. The company’s first product, a social media training package, helps individuals actively shape their online reputation. The ENTRY POINT! program at AAAS provided Kaye with opportunities to overcome the many barriers he once saw in the world. Through his gifts, he hopes to create more Rebecca Riffkin, AAAS SPECIAL GIFTS 2011 ENTRY POINT! alumnus Schuyler Kaye opportunities within the program and, in turn, attract more people with disabilities to science, technology, engineering and mathematics fields. To learn about ENTRY POINT!, visit www.entrypoint.org. Join the President’s Circle The members of the President’s Circle are leaders in giving to AAAS. Their contributions provide us with the flexibility to respond to emerging issues, to innovate with new projects and programs that offer the promise of greater impact, and to lead global discussions that can help bring about the integrated and collaborative science and technology needed to respond to the challenges—like climate change, energy, food security, access to clean water, global health and economic development—facing society today. President’s Circle donors enjoy special benefits designed to strengthen their participation in and knowledge of AAAS, including invitations to special events and activities throughout the year and regular updates from CEO Alan I. Leshner. Visit www.aaas.org/go/presidents_circle to join. Are you interested in helping AAAS speak up for science at this critical time? Contact the Development Office at (202) 326-6636, or [email protected], for information about planned giving or establishing a special fund. science without borders 23 AAAS AWARDS AND PRIZES The AAAS awards celebrate the achievements of extraordinary scientists, engineers and journalists. We congratulate each of our distinguished winners. 2011 AAAS Kavli Science Journalism Award Winners were honored in Vancouver, B.C. Daniel Colón-Ramos AAAS Early Career Award for Public Engagement with Science Shirley Ann Jackson AAAS Philip Hauge Abelson Prize The prize honors a public servant for sustained exceptional contributions to advancing science or a scientist or engineer who has been distinguished both for scientific achievement and service to the scientific community. Dr. Shirley Ann Jackson was selected on the basis of her extraordinary leadership of and contributions to the scientific community, government, universities, industries and future generations of science and engineering professionals. J. David Jentsch, Edythe London & Dario Ringach AAAS Award for Scientific Freedom and Responsibility The award honors scientists, engineers and their organizations whose exemplary actions, sometimes taken at significant personal cost, have served to foster scientific freedom and responsibility. Drs. J. David Jentsch, Edythe London and Dario Ringach were honored for their strong defense of the value of the use of animals in research, and their rare courage and refusal to remain silent in the face of intimidation from animal rights extremists. The AAAS Early Career Award for Public Engagement with Science, established in 2010 through the generosity of AAAS donors, recognizes early-career scientists and engineers who demonstrate excellence in their contribution to public engagement with science activities. Dr. Daniel Colón-Ramos was selected for his commitment as an early-career scientist eager to share his enthusiasm for science while simultaneously pursuing a competitive research career. Nalini M. Nadkarni AAAS Award for Public Engagement with Science Formerly the AAAS Award for Public Understanding of Science and Technology, this prize recognizes working scientists and engineers who make outstanding contributions to the “popularization of science.” Dr. Nalini M. Nadkarni was chosen for her unique, persistent and innovative public engagement activities that have served to raise awareness of environmental and conservation issues with a broad and exceedingly diverse audience. Rory A. Cooper AAAS Mentor Award The award honors early- or mid-career AAAS members who have mentored significant numbers of students from underrepresented groups or who have changed the climate of a department, college or institution to significantly increase the diversity of students pursuing and completing doctoral studies in the sciences. Dr. Rory A. Cooper was recognized for his dedication and successful efforts to increase the number of women and persons with disabilities with Ph.D.s in rehabilitation science. 24 AAAS Annual Report 2011 Bobby L. Wilson AAAS Mentor Award for Lifetime Achievement The award honors AAAS members who, for 25 years or more, have mentored significant numbers of students from underrepresented groups or who have changed the climate of a department, college, institution or field to significantly increase the diversity of students pursuing and completing doctoral studies in the sciences. Dr. Bobby L. Wilson was chosen for his extraordinary efforts to significantly increase the number of African Americans in the Ph.D. chemistry and environmental toxicology workforce. AAAS Newcomb Cleveland Prize Supported by Affymetrix The prize acknowledges an outstanding paper published in the Articles, Research Articles or Reports sections of Science. AAAS/Subaru SB&F Prizes for Excellence in Science Books Sponsored by Subaru of America, Inc., these prizes celebrate outstanding science writing and illustration for children and young adults. Children’s Science Picture Book Joan Dunning, Author and Illustrator Seabird in the Forest: The Mystery of the Marbled Murrelet (Boyds Mills Press) Middle Grades Science Book Sandra Markle, Author The Case of the Vanishing Golden Frog (Millbrook Press) Young Adult Science Book Thor Hanson, Author Feathers (Basic Books) Lifetime Achievement Award for Hands-on Science Writing Vicki Cobb Waseem S. Bakr, Amy Peng, M. Eric Tai, Ruichao Ma, Jonathan Simon, Jonathon Isaiah Gillen, Simon Fölling, Lode Pollet and Markus Greiner were recognized for the research article “Probing the Superfluid-to-Mott Insulator Transition at the Single-Atom Level,” published in Science 30 July 2010, pp. 547-550. AAAS Kavli Science Journalism Awards These awards, endowed by Fred Kavli and The Kavli Foundation, recognize excellence in reporting for a general audience and honor individual reporters for their coverage of the sciences, engineering and mathematics. Large Newspaper—Mark Johnson and Kathleen Gallagher, Journal Sentinel, Milwaukee Small Newspaper—Christine Peterson, Kerry Huller and Wes Watson, Casper Star-Tribune Magazine—Adam Rogers, Wired Television Spot News/Feature Reporting— Rachel Silverman, Craig Miller, Lindsay Kelliher, Linda Peckham, Amy Miller and Paul Rogers, KQED QUEST/Climate Watch Science Journalism Award winners and others, celebrating at the AAAS Annual Meeting. Television In-Depth Reporting—Richard Burke-Ward, Robert Strange, Callum Macrae, Stuart Carter and Howard Swartz, WGBH/NOVA and Mark J. Davis, National Geographic Channel Radio—Gabriel Spitzer, with Michael De Bonis, WBEZ Chicago Online—Joshua Seftel, Tom Miller, Susan K. Lewis and Lauren Aguirre, PBS NOVA Online Children’s Science News—Jeanne Miller, ODYSSEY science without borders 25 AAAS FELLOWS AAAS Fellows are elected annually by the AAAS Council for meritorious efforts to advance science or its applications. Fellows have made significant contributions in areas such as research, teaching, technology, services to professional societies and the communication of science to the public. The following members, presented by Section affiliation, were elected Fellows in fall 2011. AAAS congratulates them and thanks them for their services to science and technology. AGRICULTURE, FOOD & RENEWABLE RESOURCES Martha Ann Belury Thomas E. Besser Daniel R. Bush Z. Jeffrey Chen Lynda M. Ciuffetti Consuelo M. De Moraes Gerald E. Edwards Catherine Feuillet Edward Allen Foegeding Fred Gould Bingru Huang Louise E. Jackson Michael R. Ladisch Rui Hai Liu Lena Q. Ma David J. Mackill Gregory D. May Stephen G. Pallardy Carl A. Pinkert B.W. Poovaiah Steven R. Rodermel Guy Smagghe ANTHROPOLOGY Leslea J. Hlusko Peter Neal Peregrine 26 Vernon Lee Scarborough Michael Silverstein Dawnie Wolfe Steadman Chris Stringer Robert H. Tykot Virginia J. Vitzthum Carol Marie Worthman ASTRONOMY Lars Bildsten Megan Donahue Debra Meloy Elmegreen Giuseppina (Pepi) Fabbiano Chryssa Kouveliotou Chung-Pei Ma John C. Mather Robert David Mathieu Sara Seager Kristen Sellgren Krzysztof Z. Stanek Martin White Ernst K. Zinner ATMOSPHERIC AND HYDROSPHERIC SCIENCES E. Virginia Armbrust Anthony J. Broccoli AAAS Annual Report 2011 Antonio Busalacchi J. David Neelin Konrad Steffen William G. Sunda Pieter P. Tans Robert A. Weller BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Christoph C.H. Adami Jon Ågren Brian Alters Richard M. Amasino Jonathan Arnold Motoyuki Ashikari Ruma Banerjee Brian McRae Barnes Carl Bauer Graeme I. Bell George N. Bennett Louis Bernatchez David M. Bisaro David Boettiger Richard G. Brennan Judith Campisi P. Bryant Chase Jiquan Chen Xuemei Chen Scott L. Collins Duane A. Compton Jeffrey Conner Barry A. Costa-Pierce Quentin C.B. Cronk Bryan Cullen Sandra Joanne Friezner Degen Chuxia Deng Carmen W. Dessauer David L. Dilcher Michael Doebeli Henrik G. Dohlman Chen Dong Xinnian Dong Andrew P. Feinberg Patricia L. Foster Nigel W. Fraser Robert J. Full Mariano A. GarciaBlanco Susan P. Gilbert William E. Goldman Byron Goldstein Daphne R. Goring Kathleen L. Gould Bryan T. Grenfell Jun-Lin Guan Gretchen Hagen Heidi Elizabeth Hamm Min Han Dolph Lee Hatfield Bradford A. Hawkins Kenneth F. Haynes Sheng Yang He Xi He Eliot Herman George C. Hill Gregg A. Howe Michael J. Imperiale Tadashi Inagami William R. Jacobs, Jr. Bhanu P. Jena Sue Jinks-Robertson Hideko Kaji Daniel P. Kiehart Thomas D. Kocher Nori Kurata Gary A. Lamberti Min Li Karen R. Lips Jennifer K. Lodge Richard L. Maas Nancy S. Magnuson Donal T. Manahan Edward M. Marcotte Kelly Edward Mayo W. Richard McCombie Sheila McCormick Michael D. McMullen Anastasios Melis Anthony F. Michaels Robert L. Modlin Jason H. Moore James V. Moroney Trudy G. Morrison Sean Munro Richard M. Myers Prakash S. Nagarkatti Peter L. Nara Neil M. Nathanson Alexandra C. Newton Diana E. Northup Douglas L. Oliver Guillermo Oliver George A. O’Toole Fernando Pardo Manuel de Villena Margaret A. Pericak-Vance Caroline C. Philpott Kevin W. Plaxco Jeffrey W. Pollard James W. Posakony John R. Pringle Nancy Raab-Traub David M. Rand Steven M. Reppert Karin D. Rodland Claudina RodriguesPousada Michael J. Ryan David E. Salt Federico Sánchez Richard T. Sayre Stephen W. Scherer Jack C. Schultz Jeff Sekelsky Thomas D. Sharkey Amanda A. Simcox Patricia Simpson Maureen L. Stanton William T. Starmer John D. Storey F. Robert Tabita Andrew T.C. Tsin Larry N. Vanderhoef Matthew K. Waldor Cheryl Lyn Walker Angela Wandinger-Ness Gary A. Weisman Lois S. Weisman James B. Whitfield Thomas G. Whitham Michael C. Whitlock Gerald S. Wilkinson Joseph B. Williams Scott M. Williams Ned S. Wingreen Yue Xiong Tian Xu Craig M. Young Barry R. Zirkin CHEMISTRY Steven A. Adelman S. Michael Angel Zlatko Bačić Nathan A. Baker Alan L. Balch Peter A. Beal Darryl J. Bornhop Kit Hansell Bowen, Jr. Laurie J. Butler Susan Beda Butts Heather A. Carlson Carl J. Carrano Joseph A. Caruso Daniel T. Chiu David E. Clemmer William J. Cooper Brian R. Crane Frederick Dahlquist John M. Denu David M. Dooley Antonio Facchetti James M. Farrar Ellen R. Fisher Daniel R. Gamelin Kent S. Gates Karen I. Goldberg John C. Gordon Arunava Gupta Michael M. Haley Benjamin S. Hsiao Russell P. Hughes Joseph T. Hupp Brent Iverson Cynthia J. Jenks Richard F. Jordan Alamgir Karim Jaqueline L. Kiplinger Lukasz Lebioda George W. Luther III Anne B. McCoy Scott J. Miller Nancy S. Mills Timothy K. Minton Karl T. Mueller Balaji Narasimhan Joseph M. O’Connor Peter J. Ortoleva Kirk A. Peterson Piotr Piecuch Prasad L. Polavarapu T. V. RajanBabu Bruce H. Robinson Jeanne M. Robinson Robin D. Rogers Sandra J. Rosenthal Michael J. Sailor Karl A. Scheidt Ben Shen Mary Jane Shultz Alan J. Shusterman Matthew S. Sigman Claudia Turro Wilfred A. van der Donk Robert A. Walker Nils G. Walter Yinsheng Wang Michael D. Ward Chrys Wesdemiotis Henry S. White M. Christina White Sarah A. Woodson X. Nancy Xu Michael J. Zaworotko Dongping Zhong Ruhong Zhou Dorothy Zolandz DENTISTRY & ORAL HEALTH SCIENCES Francesco Chiappelli Rena N. D’Souza Paul H. Krebsbach James E. Melvin Cun-Yu Wang EDUCATION Fouad Abd-El-Khalick Barbara A. Crawford Kent J. Crippen Judith A. Dilts Joan Ferrini-Mundy Beverly Lindsay Karen Kashmanian Oates Jonathan A. Plucker Christian Dieter Schunn Michelle Miller Sulikowski Molly H. Weinburgh ENGINEERING Ali Adibi Suresh K. Aggarwal Muhammad A. Alam Pedro J.J. Alvarez Panos Antsaklis A. Terry Bahill Rashid Bashir Wesley R. Burghardt Robert J. Butera C. Barry Carter Sanjeev Chandra Srinivasan Chandrasekar Ni-Bin Chang Rama Chellappa Vikram L. Dalal Pablo G. Debenedetti Debasish Dutta Suzanne Fortier Benny Dean Freeman Suresh V. Garimella Andrew Avi Goldenberg Yogi D. Goswami Rajiv Gupta Joseph P. Heremans K. Jimmy Hsia Yingbo Hua Michael M. Khonsari Lee Rybeck Lynd Antonios G. Mikos Larry Akio Nagahara Chul Park Bhakta B. Rath Lakshmi N. Reddi William B. Russel Michael Vivian Sefton Michael L. Simpson Tarunraj Singh Alexander J. Smits Randall Q. Snurr Vijay Srinivasan Paul G. Steffes Michael Tsapatsis Darrell Velegol Richard E. Waugh Alan E. Willner Moe Z. Win Karl Dane Wittrup William W-G. Yeh R. Paul Young Paul K.L. Yu Hussein M. Zbib Kemin Zhou Mengchu Zhou GENERAL INTEREST IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING Lawrence Bell Mary Eileen Burke Gary G. DeLeo David D. Herring James P. O’Brien Robert F. Phalen Katherine E. Rowan Kris M. Wilson GEOLOGY & GEOGRAPHY John T. Andrews Huiming Bao Edward J. Brook Robert W. Buddemeier Gary R. Byerly Martin B. Goldhaber Daniel A. Griffith Jennifer W. Harden Lloyd D. Keigwin, Jr. John A. Kelmelis Arthur N. Palmer Peter A. Rogerson C.K. Shum Lisa Tauxe HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Steven J. Dick W. Patrick McCray Carolyn Merchant Helga Nowotny Rosemary Stevens INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Quanxi Jia INFORMATION COMPUTING & COMMUNICATION Behnaam Aazhang Martín Abadi David A. Bader Luiz André Barroso Katy Börner Allan Borodin José A.B. Fortes James Hendler Alan R. Hevner Randy H. Katz Joseph A. Konstan John E. Laird Hector J. Levesque Michael R. Nelson Krishna V. Palem Jon M. Peha Martha E. Pollack Stuart Russell Subhash Suri Paul F. Uhlir Jeffrey Voas LINGUISTICS & LANGUAGE SCIENCE Peter W. Culicover John J. Ohala Carol Padden MATHEMATICS Mark S. Alber Ingrid Daubechies Mark L. Green Claudia Neuhauser Richard A. Tapia Roger Temam MEDICAL SCIENCES Adriano Aguzzi Jayakrishna Ambati Brenda L. Bass Elaine L. Bearer Thomas L. Benjamin Nancy J. Brown Sally A. Camper Christin Carter-Su Ellen Wright Clayton Carlo M. Croce Michael R. DeBaun Mark R. Denison Eleftherios P. Diamandis Linda C. Giudice Keith W. Kelley Michael M. Lederman Beth Levine Xiaoxia Li Malcolm J. Low Philippa Marrack Ruslan Medzhitov Gordon B. Mills Josef Penninger Stanley Perlman Jeffrey E. Pessin Richard George Pestell Paula Pitha-Rowe Scott A. Rivkees Marjorie RobertGuroff John J. Rossi Steven J. Schiff Deepak Srivastava James H. Strauss Robert M. Strieter Joseph R. Testa Denisa D. Wagner Mark A. Wainberg David B. Weiner Jane Y. Wu Dihua Yu Susan Zolla-Pazner NEUROSCIENCE Ben A. Barres Nancy M. Bonini Catherine Emily Carr Bruce D. Carter Barry W. Connors Marie T. Filbin Stuart Firestein Michael Frotscher Anthony A. Grace Michael E. Hasselmo Steven E. Hyman Bruce T. Lamb Diane Lipscombe Stuart A. Lipton Liqun Luo Enrico Mugnaini Sarah L. Pallas Gregory J. Quirk James B. Ranck, Jr. Lorna W. Role Roderick A. Suthers Matthew A. Wilson PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES Peter J. Houghton Margaret O. James Donald P. McDonnell John C. Reed Danny D. Shen Patrick J. Sinko Jashvant D. Unadkat Mary K. WolpertDeFilippes Yun Yen PHYSICS Harald Ade Alexander V. Balatsky Albert-László Barabási Jerzy Bernholc Theodore W. Bowyer Samuel Leon Braunstein R. Sekhar Chivukula Margaret Dobrowolska George William Foster Jacek K. Furdyna Efim Gluskin Alan J. Heeger Tin-Lun (Jason) Ho Jainendra K. Jain Bobby R. Junker Shiv N. Khanna Young-Kee Kim Raymond Laflamme Daniel Perry Lathrop Ramon E. Lopez Alfred Z. Msezane Jeffrey S. Nico Jaan Noolandi Philip A. Pincus Cedric J. Powell Apparao M. Rao Laura Reina Gertrude Fleming Rempfer Lee L. Riedinger Steven Lloyd Rolston Michael Schick Lu Jeu Sham Elizabeth Simmons Pekka Sinervo Peter W. Stephens George F. Sterman Robert L. Sugar Raman Sundrum Mauricio Terrones Ram K. Tripathi John D. Weeks William A. Zajc PSYCHOLOGY Kent Charles Berridge Sandra Blakeslee Rosemarie M. Booze Dante Cicchetti Steve W. Cole Mary Anne Fitzpatrick David Cyril Geary Judith F. Kroll Daniel J. Levitin Alan C. Spector Joseph Edward Steinmetz Richard E. Tremblay Zuoxin Wang SOCIAL, ECONOMIC & POLITICAL SCIENCES Myron P. Gutmann John R. Hibbing Sally T. Hillsman Mathew D. McCubbins Randolph Roth Richard H. Steckel Paula Stephan SOCIETAL IMPACTS OF SCIENCE & ENGINEERING Daniel M. Kammen Dena Plemmons Tobin L. Smith STATISTICS George Casella Dipak K. Dey Robert E. Fay Wing Kam Fung Miguel A. Hernán Joan F. Hilton André I. Khuri Sastry G. Pantula Xiaotong Shen George W. Williams science without borders 27 Acknowledgment of Contributors and Patron Members The AAAS Board of Directors gratefully acknowledges the individuals and organizations whose commitment to AAAS has sustained our efforts to advance science in the service of society and supported new activities in 2011. Lifetime Giving Society The Lifetime Giving Society recognizes our most generous donors — individuals who have contributed a cumulative total of $100,000 or more during the course of their involvement with AAAS. Philip H. & Neva Abelson† Caryl & Edna Haskins† Edith D. Neimark Esther Hoffman Beller† Fred Kavli Sibyl R. Golden Daniel E. Koshland, Jr.† The Roger & Ellen Revelle Family William T. Golden† Alan I. & Agnes Leshner Edgar J. Saltsman† David E. Shaw & Beth Kobliner Shaw Thomas Whital Stern† Martin L. & Rose Wachtel† Decade Club The Decade Club recognizes individuals who have supported AAAS for ten or more consecutive years. Jean Beard Leslie Z. Benet John G. Bieri Phillip L. Blair C. John Blankley Herbert Blumenthal Charles S. Brown Kathleen O. Brown Dennis E. Buetow Jean B. Burnett Michael J. Calderwood Nathaniel Chafee Robert C. Cowen Richard H. Cox Bruce H. Dana Robin L. Dennis Paul M. Densen Joseph R. DiPalma Charles S. Faulkner II Craig & Alison Fields Frank W. Fitch Robert C. Forney Helen L. Foster Joseph G. Gall David M. Gates Mark L. Gilberstadt Edward W. Glazener Sarah B. Glickenhaus Joshua N. Goldberg Albert E. Goss Albert L. Hale Daniel A. Hamlin James E. Hammerberg Franklin M. Harold George John Howard L. Jones Michael M. Kaback Rodger & Doris Ketcham Rodney M. Krich Alan I. & Agnes Leshner Philip Lichtenberg John H. Litchfield Lars Ljungdahl Barbara Lozar Ichiro Miyagawa Robert L. Molinari Angelyn & Kevin Moore David W. Moreland Patricia H. Moyer Peter B. Myers Walter L. & JoAnn M. Nelson Robert A. Nilan Christer E. Nordman Marie U. Nylen Peter O’Donnell, Jr. Allison R. Palmer Joseph C. Parker, Jr. Ralph H. Petrucci Ranard J. Pickering Norman E. Prather Rex F. Pratt Edward R. Rang Lester J. Reed Juan G. Roederer Kenneth L. Rose Robert Rosenthal Melvin Ross Andrew M. Sessler Richard B. Setlow Emma Shelton Mary Jane C. Showers Robertson Stevens James Stolzenbach F. William Studier Joan C. Suit Donald A. Swanson Morgan C. Sze Maury Tigner Thomas K. Toyama Charles P. Wales Henry & Doris Walter Emmerson Ward Frank W. Warner III Milton W. Weller Robert D. Westfall Gary R. White Clayton A. Wiley Robert E. Yager Armon F. Yanders Charles Yanofsky President’s Circle Individuals who made significant pledges and contributions to sustain our most timely and important activities in 2011 are highlighted here as part of the President’s Circle, an initiative to recognize our top donors each year. $100,000 and above Fred Kavli $10,000 - $24,999 Julia Butters Margaret A. Hamburg $50,000 - $99,999 Claire Perry David E. Shaw & Beth Kobliner Shaw $5,000 - $9,999 Anonymous (2) 28 $25,000 - $49,999 Kavita Berger Alice S. Huang & David Baltimore Phillip L. Blair Alan I. & Agnes Leshner Gregory S. & Marcella Ferriss Chet & Marie Britten AAAS Annual Report 2011 Randal J. Kirk James F. Crow Beth A. Rosner Nancy Macko Michael W. Hunkapiller Warren B. Weisberg Woody & Lyn Savage in honor of John Marean Linda P.B. Katehi Charles M. Weiss George W. Kunkel Fernando J. Zúñiga y Rivero Phillip A. & Ann H. Sharp Cherry A. Murray $2,500 - $4,999 Norman & Georgine Neureiter Charles W. Axten Gary K. Beauchamp Floyd E. Bloom Lucio Chiaraviglio Jeffrey A. Cooper Stephen M. Olin Simon Ramo John S. Reed Charles M. Rice III Stephen Roper & Nirupa Chaudhari $1,000 - $2,499 Anonymous (2) George E. Arnstein Janet J. Asimov Nicholas A. Begovich Jerry A. Bell Henry A. Bent Deceased † Hans Bergstrom William A. Hagins Andrew M. Sessler Peter Boyer Xiang D. Fu Will B. & Margaret M. Betchart Hans Hasche-Kluender Nobumichi Shimizu Victor P. Bradford James M. Furukawa Arthur F. Hebard Frank V. Sica Richard Brandshaft Dell Fystrom Erich Bloch Donald E. Henson Richard B. Silverman Lewis Branscomb Charles G. Gaines Fred A. Blum John E. Hiatt Andrew D. Sinauer Leland W. Briggle David Garvin Carla Blumberg Douglas L. Hintzman Edward S. Spoerl Steven Brock Frederick R. Gehlbach Sarane T. Bowen Marvin Hoffenberg Allan C. Spradling George W. Holbrook Peter J. Stang Joan E. Brooks & James I. Garrels Michael A. Gibson John Brademas Monica M. & E. James Bradford William F. Holmes Mary Ann Stepp Kathleen O. Brown Robert J. Glaser Barbara Stiefel Harold E. Burkhart Andrew L. Brill Gordon R. Hough Jeffrey L. Glassroth Joan M. Hutchins Judy Swanson Peter Byers Kim L. Graham John E. Irsak John Urquhart George F. Cahill, Jr. M. R. C. Greenwood Irwin & Joan Jacobs Dan Vickery William J. Canady Irene Greif & Albert Meyer Phyllis E. Johnson Bailus Walker, Jr. Lewis Cantley Samuel Gubins Junichi Kawada Jui H. Wang Lloyd F. Chase James E. Hagstrom Paul H. Klingbiel Thomas E. Wellems Tom D. Y. Chin Alfred W. Hales Corwith C. White Christine S. Chow Andrew Chong Nancy Knowlton & Jeremy Jackson Robert W. Christy David & Beatrix A. Hamburg Maarten J. Chrispeels Richard B. Wolf Samson A. Jenekhe Bruce W. Worster Helena L. Chum Carl Hansen Daryl E. Chubin Edward N. Krapels James S. Clegg Fernand A. Hayot Kathleen K. Church Oran R. Young Peter Kunstadter Stella M. Coakley Siegfried S. Hecker Charles W. Clark Hezekiah E. Zeiber Jeff Lawrence George G. Cocks Liz Hedstrom Eloise E. Clark Pauline P. Lee Edward H. Coe, Jr. Mark Heising Marshall P. Cloyd S. David Leonard J. John Cohen T. Bain Henderson Mary E. Clutter Lawrence D. Longo Stirling A. Colgate Susan J. Henning George Cogan Carol B. Lynch Clifton Cooksey Thomas L. Henson Jonathan C. Coopersmith Peter K. Hepler Edmund A. C. Crouch John E. Herp Pradip K. Das Charles Hesdorffer Jean E. de Valpine Ralph Hillman Ronald J. Angel David H. de Weese & Anne C. Heller Daniel Hogan John C. Angus Catherine D. DeAngelis Anonymous (12) Raymond W. Holton Hans G. Dehmelt Kenneth B. Armitage Keelung Hong Robert J. DeLap Karen Artzt Owen M. Hubbard Margaret Dewolf Arthur K. & Carolyn H. Asbury Mien-Chie Hung John J. Deyst, Jr. J. Stuart Hunter Charles C. Dickinson III David W. Ignat Richard D. Drake Nina G. Jablonski Jaquelin P. Dudley Robert L. Jackson Lawrence K. Duffy John H. Jacobsen Loyal & Bernice Durand Neil H. Jacoby, Jr. James W. Edlund Karen S. Jakes Elizabeth E. Ehrenfeld Yishi Jin Charles W. Eigenbrot, Jr. Irving S. & Alwyn N. Johnson Jean B. Burnett A. S. Cargill Carlton M. Caves Vinton G. Cerf Nathaniel Chafee Victor T. Chang Barry S. & Bobbi Coller Craig Malbon R. John Collier J. David Malone Donald G. Comb Gregg Mamikunian Michael J. Comb David H. Marlowe James D. Cox J. Howard Marshall III Roy Curtiss III Richard J. Massey William H. Danforth Gregory P. Meisner Troy E. Daniels John T. Melson Jeffrey S. Dean Richard A. Meserve George E. DeBoer Ernest J. Moniz Terence Dulin Gordon E. & Betty I. Moore Henry L. Ehrlich William A. Murphy, Jr. Vincent A. Elder Peter O’Donnell, Jr. Gerald L. Epstein Federico Faggin Gilbert S. Omenn & Martha A. Darling Mary C. Farach-Carson Carolyn L. Orthner Nina V. Fedoroff Claire L. Parkinson John F. Finerty Robert C. Forney Joseph G. Perpich & Cathy Sulzberger Paul J. Friedman William H. Press John C. Fuhr David A. Randolph Donald P. Gaver, Jr. Edward K. Rice Charles C. Gillispie Jo Ellen & Mark Roseman Eli Glatstein Robert Rosenthal Sarah B. Glickenhaus Sue V. Rosser Howard Gobstein Arnold Roy Christopher Gocke Melanie Royce Mary L. Good Rainer K. Schaaf Jeffrey C. Gore Thomas C. Schelling H. Greely George F. Schnack Michael Scott Deceased $500 - $999 John D. Aach Sam H. Adams, Jr. Ernest Z. Adelman Edwin J. Adlerman Gillian M. Air Kenneth R. Alexander James M. Anderson Diola Bagayoko Jose R. Bahena D. James Baker Mary C. Barber Paul A. Bartlett Roger N. Beachy Henry F. & Christine S. Beechhold Steven C. Beering Albert S. Bendelac Paul Berg Margaret B. Binette Andrew E. Birner Robert J. Blendon Robert B. Blizard Stuart Bondurant Francis T. Bonner Adele L. Boskey Edward M. Boughton Orlando T. Espadas Henry Ginsberg Jacquelyn Hoke Gillian M. Fenton Dale Kagan & Elyse Rosenstein Craig & Alison Fields Elaine Kant Eric Firing Valerie F. Kaplan Charles J. Flora Brian D. Keith & M. Celeste Simon Victor S. Fang Samuel C. Florman Richard M. Forester John & Mary Frantz Hans Frauenfelder James M. Kendall Donald Kennedy David E. Kerley Joel M. Friedman † science without borders 29 John G. King Douglas S. Massey Thomas S. Parsons Saul Silverstein Leon Trilling Edward J. Kormondy Edward E. Penhoet Joseph V. Simone Alvin W. Trivelpiece John S. Kovach Kathleen & Randall Matthews Ralph H. Petrucci Bruce M. Simonson Michael S. Turner Edward F. Labuda Robert Maurer Jeffrey W. Pferd Henry B. Sinclair Eroboghene E. Ubogu Bruce L. Larson James J. & M. Suzanne McCarthy Daniel Pinkel Jack W. Sites, Jr. Daniel C. Upp Jason S. McLachlan Hugh Popenoe Judson Somerville Ari van Tienhoven John Ware Poston, Sr. Steven L. Solomon William Velick David F. Preston Emily V. Wade Roger K. Rains George C. & Maradel B. Sonnichsen Stephen Rayport John K. Spitznagel Dallas E. Weaver Thomas C. Rindfleisch Mary C. St. John Kenneth L. Webb Frederick H. Rindge David G. Stahl John D. Weinland Neil Risch Juli Staiano & Marc Washington Milton W. Weller Peter F. Stevens Clayton A. Wiley Victor W. Laurie David R. Lay Gerald & Phyllis LeBoff Catherine & George Ledec Leo Lefrancois Lois D. Lehman-McKeeman William A. Lester, Jr. Richard A. Levinson Daniel J. Lew Philip Lichtenberg Jerry B. Lingrel Jane Lubchenco John Lummis Allan J. Lundeen Lorenz C. Magaard Artur Mager Suzanne M. Mahoney John C. Makemson Shirley & Horace Malcom Jed B. Marti Thomas V. Martin Samuel L. Maslak Mark F. Meier David Meinke R. M. Menegaz-Bock Thomas R. Mertens Ronald D. Miller O. Eugene Millhouse Don S. Miyada Stewart Lee Moses Carl F. Nathan Joaquim Neto Owen J. Newlin Concepcion R. Nierras Michael S. Robertson Cynthia R. Robinson Juan G. Roederer Antonio H. Romano Bernard Ross Pamela E. Stewart Mark F. Stinski Michael P. Stone Richard C. Stroh Ronald P. Nordgren Thomas A. & Bonnie M. Rosse Jerrold G. Norton William D. Ruckelshaus Nelson Svegel Lee Oeth P. Jackson Schad Donald A. Swanson George N. & Martha Oetzel Sara L. Schupf Richard M. Swanson Robert E. Palmer & Mary Christman Steven Shak William A. Thomas Alvin V. Tollestrup John M. Palms Charles J. Sherr Jean’ne M. Shreeve Sam Z. Toma Stephen Vekkerdy Sikes William P. Tompkins Vivian Pan F. William Studier Donald J. Waters Jodi L. Wesemann James D. Willett Bruce B. Williams John P. Williams John S. & Judith H. Willis Philip J. & Carolyn Wyatt Armon F. Yanders Chung S. Yang Charles Yanofsky Charles M. & Merryl S. Zegar Kang Zhang We are grateful to the following donors for their contributions of $100 or more: $250 - $499 J. Scott Abercrombie Cyrus H. Adams Heman P. Adams Philip D. Aines Gordon Aitken Nancy W. Alcock S. H. George Allen Larry J. Anderson Albert L. A’Neals Anonymous (9) Samuel Aronson Ann E. Aulabaugh Alain Balland James E. Banta Franklin H. Barnwell Jean Beard Nathan Becker Harvey E. Belkin Anatole Besarab Joseph P. Bevak William C. Bianchi Herman Birch Nirendra Biswas Martin A. Cheever Drew Edell Mary K. Gaillard Meredith Blackwell Jon C. Clardy Roger Eichhorn S. Raymond Gambino C. John Blankley Dale K. Colyer Franco Einaudi Michael E. Gellert Felix H. Boehm James K. Coward Howard J. Eisen Sandra J. Gendler David W. Bolen Richard H. Cox Robert N. Eisenman Jean C. George Philip K. Bondy Gwyneth Cravens Vincent A. Elder P. Roger Gillette John G. Bordie Peter A. Crozier Eldon D. Enger Janet R. Gilsdorf Milton J. Boyd Laurence W. Curtis John W. English Kenneth Gobalet Rick Bradford Gregory Cybul Edwin P. Ewing, Jr. Robert G. Goelet Michael Bradie Herbert A. David Sandra M. Faber David E. Golan Nyle C. Brady Jackson Davis David W. Faris Alfred L. Goldberg Rubin Braunstein Igor Dawid William E. Farrell John T. Gosling Richard G. Brennan David S. Dayton Allison F. Fentiman Albert E. & Mary E. W. Goss Frederick A. Briggs Steve J. Demuth James P. Ferris Paul R. Goudy William F. Brinkman Robin L. Dennis Thomas H. Finlay William C. Graustein Eric J. Brown Darryl C. DeVivo J. D. Fleming, Jr. Samuel Gubins Robert W. Bundtzen Bruce L. Dietrich James L. Foght Rebecca A. Haberman Mary F. Burke Lysia S. Forno Robert B. Hall Donald L. Burkholder Abraham I. & Marianna Dranetz Stephen P. Fortmann Franklin M. Harold Ronald G. Burns Arthur K. Dunlop Arthur C. Fox Donald Harrington Shaun T. Case Melvyn Dutton Bruce H. Frank Glen A. Harris, Jr. Winslow S. Caughey Elizabeth D. Earle Joseph Frankel Roy M. Havenhill Gary L. Cecchini Felton Earls Terry R. Freund Bruce Hawkins Walter J. Chazin Douglas P. Easton Fred H. Gage Evan B. Hazard Deceased † 30 AAAS Annual Report 2011 Alan J. Heeger Chris L. McAuliffe James C. Register III Warren M. Washington Frederick Antosz Holliday C. Heine Douglas J. McIntosh Minocher C. Reporter Mark E. Weaver Mohammed Anwer Marye Priscilla Hele Marla S. McIntosh Millard Lee Rice Alfons Weber Evan H. Appelman Donald H. Henley Glenn D. McNeill Theodore G. Roberts Luiz Weksler Naoko Arai James C. Hogan, Jr. James E. Melvin H. Thomas Robertson Irwin Welber Michael W. Arenton Robert L. Hoguet III John R. Menninger Maxine L. Rockoff Allen West Frank M. Armbrecht, Jr. Frank Hole Alan H. Meyer Lee F. Rogers Peter Westfall Edward M. Arnett Stuart Horling John S. Meyer Thomas P. Rohlen Irvin L. White Dolores Arond & Warren Felt David & Barbara Houghton Sally D. Slowman Middleton Gregory J. Ronan Stanley A. White Vadim Asadov Larry B. Howard Mortimer Mishkin Steven Rosenberg Vincent Wickwar Yukio Asato Sheila S. Jasanoff Ichiro Miyagawa David I. Salant John A. Widness Arnold C. Ashcraft Gary Jason Heather Miyagi Richard H. Sands James G. Wiener Laurence D. Ashley Thomas W. Jeffries William C. Mobley Gary E. Sanger Alexander H. Williams Balasubramania H. Athreya James E. Jewell Karen Mohlke David S. Williams David R. Atkinson John R. Kane N. Christine Molina M. Philip & Myriam P. Sarachik Ellen D. Williams David Atlas Bettie F. Kehrt Robert L. Molinari Tamiko Sato Joseph G. Wirth Alfred E. Attard Michael A. Keller Jean I. Montagu Alfred P. Sattelberger Ernest Wood Alan Attie Roger & Doris Ketcham John A. Moyer James E. Seely Robert E. Yager William S. Augerson Miles V. Klein Edward C. Mozley Earl H. Sexton William Yuh Hannah L. Aurbach Matthew Kohanek Kate Murashige Eric M. Shank Anthony L. Zane Elaine S. & Richard A. Avner Rajiv Kohli Ferdinando Mussa-Ivaldi Carleton B. Shay Tien Y. Zhao David S. & Kathleen N. Ayres Shohei Koide Koji Nakanishi Emma Shelton Conan Kornetsky Venkatesh Narayanamurti Kenneth D. Sherrell Edward A. Kravitz James W. Neel Zach Simard Robert A. Kreber Walter L. & JoAnn M. Nelson Charles A. Simenstad Theodore G. Krontiris Richard A. Newmark Eugene B. Skolnikoff Catherine Kuchta-Helbling D. Scott Nickerson James L. Smith Philip R. Landon John E. Niederhuber Stewart E. Smith Earl B. Lane Ernst F. Niedermeyer W. R. Smith-Vaniz Robert E. Lanou, Jr. John P. O’Connell Harry E. Snyder George H. Lauff Jeffrey F. Oda Joel S. Spira Charles A. Lawson Richard T. Oehrle Richard H. Stanton Douglass B. Lee, Jr. Iwao Ojima Albert T. Steegmann, Jr. Cecil E. Leith Walter A. Orenstein Janet L. Stein Henri Lese June E. Osborn James Stolzenbach Howard Leventhal S. Paul Otsuka Edward C. Stone Charles A. Lewis, Jr. Lyman Page, Jr. Shepard B. Stone Peter R. Limburg Lee Y. Park Ursula B. Storb Olga F. Linares Devra A. Parks Truman Storvick John T. Lis James F. Patterson Roy F. Stratton John H. Litchfield Charles Patton Haven C. Sweet Donald J. Lococo Stephen M. Pauley Susan H. Tam Iris L. Long Glen Perry Pieter P. Tans Norman W. Lord Betty L. Petrie Jeremy W. Thorner Patricia C. Lorentzen Patricia E. Phelps Robert W. Thresher R. Duncan Luce Herbert L. Pick, Jr. P. Tillier Robert L. Lucke David B. Pisoni James W. Titus William B. Lyons Scott Plaetzer Aubrey C. Tobey Clifford K. Madsen William H. Plotkin Franklin H. Top, Jr. Merritt C. Maduke Oscar F. Porter Thomas K. Toyama Mardi & Michael Maitland Charles H. Pritchard Francesco B. Trama Gladys R. Maley Edward J. Quilligan Lodewik H. Vanmierop David J. March Edward R. Rang W. James Waldman Thomas J. Marlowe Thomas Ranker Chun-Yeh Wang Wallace R. McAllister Don D. Reeder William Bruce Warr Harold Babb $100 - $249 James S. Aagaard Ernest C. Adams Jill P. Adler Donald J. Adrian Mihran S. Agbabian Charles F. Agler Lewis E. Agnew, Jr. Leif A. Ahrens Ingrid Akerblom Ramesh K. Akkina Philip B. Allen Lizabeth A. Allison Charles E. Alpers Daniel Alpert Norman J. Alvares Robert S. Alwitt Joseph Amann Margaret Amara Edward Anders Bertin W. Anderson Caroline J. Anderson Jacob W. Anderson Linda M. Anderson Lloyd L. Anderson Paul M. Anderson Weston Anderson Wyatt W. Anderson David L. Andrews Anonymous (41) Rudi Ansbacher Bradley C. Antanaitis Jocelyne Bachevalier Elwood B. Backensto Patricia Backlar Thomas A. Badgwell Stanley Bailis Kevin H. Baines Mary Ann Baker David P. Balamuth Samuel F. Baldwin Berton E. Ballard Richard H. Baltz Karen Bame C. Kenneth Banks, Jr. Ronald E. Banks Victor Barber William A. Bardeen Ann Bardin John R. Barker William E. Barkley David H. Barlow Franklin L. Barnes, Jr. Harry G. Barnes Lewis A. Barness Jeremiah A. Barondess Monique Barrett Carl & Florence Bartels Edwin F. Bartholomew Andrzej Bartke Marcia F. Bartusiak Thomas R. & Johanna K. Baruch William A. Bassett J. B. Bassingthwaighte Deceased † science without borders 31 Diana J. Bauer David Bodansky Faye G. Cascio George W. Cooper Paul M. Densen Sheldon Baumrind Gregory K. Boebinger Herbert Caskey William J. Cooper Peter R. Denwood Kyle D. Bayes John M. Boggs Sarah L. Caspar William Copeland Robert J. Desnick Lawrence S. Bazel Thomas D. Bolden John M. Cassady Carol M. Copp David P. Dethier Peter A. Beak A. R. Bonanno Paul A. Catacosinos Philip Coppens Ruthmary K. Deuel Edward W. Beals Martha W. Bond Joseph Cerny James M. Cordes John L. Deutsch Gwyn A. Beattie Dewey E. Born John H. Chamberlain Jimmy C. Cornette David H. Devorkin Brooks Becker Newman M. Bortnick David D. Chamberlin Merrill Cornish Sidney Diamond Ruth E. H. Beeton Thomas Bowles Paul S. Changelian Charles D. Cornwell Hernando Diaz Arauzo George A. Bekey James N. Bradbury Miran K. Chantooni, Jr. James Costantino Robert J. Diaz Barbara Bell Joseph Bradley Paul G. Chapin Patricia F. Cottam Russell Dickerson Edward A. Belongia John K. Brady Theodore Chase, Jr. Ernest D. Courant David B. Dickinson, Jr. Dan W. Bench Robert H. Bragg Robert T. Chatterton Eugene E. Covert Paul W. Dickson, Jr. Leslie Z. Benet Robert Brammer Allen R. Chauvenet Jack D. Cowan Paula Diehr Joseph D. Benigni Jonathan Braun Benjamin K. Chen Robert C. Cowen Joseph B. DiGiorgio Richard W. Benjamin Ross D. Brazee James F. Cherry Francis N. Craig Charles E. Dinsmore Charles F. Bennett, Jr. Robert M. Brenner Elizabeth J. Chick John M. Crawford David A. Dixon Donald R. Bennett Michael Briselli Hillel J. Chiel Peter H. Crawford Joe B. Dixon Matthew J. Berberich Arnold R. Brody Chia-Ling Chien Perry B. Cregan Winifred W. Doane Richard Beresford Bruce W. Bromley Anthony G. Chila Nancy Crerar Julie Donaldson Ernest L. Bergman Jere H. Brophy Sallie W. Chisholm David Crockett Terrence Donohue Maria V. Bergmann Dennis J. Brown Bella Chiu Gay M. Crooks Graeme Donovan Herbert L. Berk Donald J. Brown Purnell W. Choppin Alfred J. Crowle Jessica E. Donovan Gerald Berkelhammer Harold H. Brown Robert E. Chrien Randall T. Curnow Erl Dordal Anna W. Berkovitz Robert D. Brown Sigurd W. Christensen Richard K. Curtis Ernest Dorflinger Laurence J. Berlowitz Tarrant Robert E. Bruccoleri Paul W. Chun Raul E. Curto John Doty, Jr. John S. Brusca Austin Church III Michael Cynamon Sylvie Doublie R. Stephen Berry Caryl E. Buchwald Helen R. Churella Vincent D’Aco John S. Downard Harry Scott Berryman William A. Buehring Miguel A. Cima Bruce H. Dana Paul Dreizen Richard F. Berthelsdorf Dennis E. Buetow Norman E. Cima Andrew Dancis Gary J. Drtina Kevin P. Bertrand Robert Bulleit Barry G. Clark Joseph A. D’Anna, Jr. Robert A. Dudley Rose & Hans A. Bethe Esther A. Bullitt George A. Clark, Jr. James E. Darnell, Jr. Frank H. Duffy Erwin P. Bettinghaus Monroe Burk Howard G. Clark Purandar Dasgupta John V. Dugan Maria Bettinotti Karolyn Burkhart-Schultz Richard V. Clark William H. Daughaday Mark T. Duigon Paul Bickart Jack O. Burns Robert A. Clark Nelly Daur Marilyn J. Duncan Charles E. Bidwell Stephen H. Burns John A. Clements John B. Davidson Raynor L. Duncombe Theodore I. Bieber Phillips B. Burnside John M. Clough, Jr. David R. Davies John G. Bieri Brian W. Burrows Michael D. Coe Frank F. Davis Thomas H. & Sylvia A. M. Dunning Nancy G. Bigham Paul Burtness W. Ronnie Coffman Paul J. Davis Richard W. Dutton Graeme Birchall Joost A. Businger Anne E. Coghlan Chandler R. Dawson Robert F. Dye R. Byron Bird Edward G. Buss D. Walter Cohen Merlyn Earnest Eric Bischoff Elizabeth R. Butch Jules Cohen Robert J. Day & Sally J. Kinsey Malcolm M. Cohen P. J. De Jong Norman W. Edmund Angela Cole Richard M. Deamer Dearborn Edwards John S. Edwards Andrew L. Bishop Peter E. Black John Butler Bradford Butman Kirk A. Easley Gregor Blaha Stephen E. Buxser Paul D. Coleman Hans W. Decker Peter D. Blair Michael J. Calderwood David Collier H. J. Deeg John F. Egan David S. Blakely Daniel Callahan Margaret R. G. Collins Jack N. Deeter Stephen P. Eisenberg Calvin R. Blakley James M. Campbell Henry O. Colomb Kenneth A. DeGhetto Roger Eiss Mordecai P. Blaustein Harry Canter Catherine Colquitt Robert L. Dehaan Lincoln Ekstrom Steven Condas Paul F. Deisler Reha Elci James W. Conine Arline Deitch David E. Elder John W. Connor David C. Deitz Larry D. Eldridge Philip E. Converse Gregory J. Del Zoppo Mark P. Elenko David W. Emerson Harry E. Emlet Robert C. Bless J. E. Blewett Frederick A. Bliss Marshall E. Bloom William H. Card Vernon B. Cardwell James M. Carhart William C. Carlson Larry W. Blum Tadeu Carneiro Jeanette Cook Chester W. Delong Donald Blumenthal Martha S. Carpenter Robert G. Coon John M. Denoyer Deceased † 32 AAAS Annual Report 2011 David K. Emmel Helen L. Foster Thomas Glonek Donald Guthrie Susan I. Hershenson Julianne & Richard L. Endres William C. Fothergill Joseph A. Glover William A. Guthrie Davis Hershey Bernard T. Engel Jean L. Fourcroy Martin E. Gluckstein C. David Gutsche Charles E. Hess Manfred D. Engelmann Alex Jackson Fowler Robert P. Goddard Gerhard J. Haas Evelyn V. Hess Howett George A. Englesson Elizabeth Fowler Edward & Judith Goetzl Stephen C. Hadler Warren Heston Adolfo Eraso Thomas R. Fowler James F. Goff James H. Hageman Arthur T. Hewitt John B. Erdmann Richard A. Frankel Alvin H. Gold William H. Hagenbuch L. Heye Wayne W. Erfling Susan E. Franson Arthur E. Goldberg Duane E. Haines William Heyman Robert L. Erickson David H. Frantz Carey Goldberg Albert L. Hale Peter G. Heytler Susan G. Ernst Kathy E. Freas Deborah Goldberg Francis R. Hall Gerald M. Higier W. Gary Ernst Eli Freedman Erwin Goldberg James Hall Donald E. Hildebrandt Orville W. Erringer Sarah Elizabeth Frey Ed G. Goldstein Jana Hall John C. Hilliard Noel H. Ethridge Ernestine Friedl Jack Goldstein John E. Hall Ernest Hilsenrath Robert H. Eustis Michael I. Friedman William H. Goldstein Richard L. Hall Matthew D. Hilton Joann L. Evans William L. Friend Jesus Gomez-Navarro Daniel A. Hamlin William E. Himwich Phyllis B. Eveleth Stephen Frolking Anne H. Good James E. Hammerberg Susan M. Hinkins Ray F. Evert William E. Fry John B. Goodenough Katherine A. G. Hammond Donald J. Hirsh G. Fabbiano Verne C. Fryklund, Jr. Jeremy Goodman James E. Hamos Martin A. Hjortso Davis A. Fahlquist William & Julie Fulkerson Jesse F. Goodwin Ingeborg Hanbauer-Costa David C. Hoaglin Michael Fain Glenn Fuller Edmund W. Gordon David L. Hoats Richard Fallin Kwok S. Fung Jennifer Gordon Raymond J. & Ann S. Hannapel Jay Paul Farber Herbert O. Funsten Joel S. & Marlene R. Gordon Dirk Hanson Martha L. Hochberg Donald O. Farkas Harold Gainer Malcolm S. Gordon George F. Hanson Hans Henrich Hock T. D. Farmer Joseph H. Gainer Martin E. Gordon Dwayne Hardin Mary Y. P. Hockaday Joseph G. Gall Steven L. Gore Wesley H. Harker Dorothea H. Hoffman Roger A. Gorski Donald L. Harr Gerald M. Hoffman J. Holladay Curtis Farrar Theodore F. Fathauer Denise Galloway Peter M. Hobart Charles S. Faulkner II Wilbert Gamble Harold Graboske James D. Harris Benedict Feinberg A. K. Ganguly Ronald L. Graham Leonard Harris Roderick J. Holland Yoseph Feit Elisabeth Gantt David W. Grainger David M. Hart Richard F. Holm Anthony K. Felts Georgine M. Garbisch Howard Graves & Julie Baller John H. Hash David P. Holman Matthew C. Fenton IV David E. Garfin Sheila H. Gray Don Haslett Robert Holmgren Shelagh Ferguson-Miller Margaret A. Garnjost G. Sheldon Green Dolph Hatfield Peter V. Hornbeck Victoria L. Fetter Alfred J. Garrett Michael V. Green Erhard Haus Gabriel N. Hortobagyi William L. Green Alfred C. Haven, Jr. Diana M. Horvath Lansing C. Hoskins William Fickinger Thomas J. Gast John B. Fieser Clifford F. Gastineau William M. Greenberg Greg G. Hawk Harvey V. Fineberg David M. Gates Frederick D. Greene M. Frederick Hawthorne Edwin W. House Allen Fingold Walter Gerhard John E. Greenlee Mark Hay Estil V. Hoversten Alfred G. Fischer Terrence M. Gerlach Philip J. Hay Vicki D. Huff Leonard L. Fischman Jay Gershen John S. & Deborah Greenspan William L. Hayton Carroll G. Hughes III Morris A. Fisher James A. Gibbs Florence N. Greville Deirdre Healy Stuart W. Hughes Richard A. Fisher Anne E. Giblin Eric Grey Jack W. Heberling, Jr. Randall G. Hulet David M. Gibson Maurice Griffel Patrick A. Heelan Susanne M. Humphrey Lewis T. Fitch Danuta M. Giganti Richard Grindeland John S. Hege Frank P. Hungate James E. Fitzgerald Mark L. Gilberstadt Arnold Grobman Michael Hehenberger Kenneth Hunkins Yael Fitzpatrick Elmer G. Gilbert Christine R. Grontkowski Leon Heller Thomas K. Hunt Theodore H. Fleming Walter L. Gillespie Karl R. Grose Samuel Hellman Charles E. Huntington Marcha Flint S. Malcolm Gillis Gordon L. Grosscup Philip B. Hemmig Richard L. Hutchens Allen P. Flora Forrest R. Gilmore Michael Grossman Val G. Hemming Clifton T. Hutchinson J. T. Flynn Glenn Gilyard James P. Grover Kyle K. Henderson Karl L. Hutterer Welson Girard Helen K. Groves William L. Henderson Michael J. Hutzler Margaret L. Fonda Edmund Glaser Melvin M. Grumbach Thomas W. Hennessy Leonard S. Hyman Joseph V. Formica Alexander J. Glass Hermann A. Grunder Keith Henry David E. Illig William J. Forrest William S. Gleason Karl A. Gschneidner, Jr. Edward C. Hermann Thereza Imanishi-Kari Mark A. Fortuna Paul F. Glenn Jean M. Gudas Edward R. Hermann Gregory L. Indruk William J. Guilford Alfred O. Hero Frank W. Fitch G. Edgar Folk Deceased † science without borders 33 Marylou Ingram Charles F. Kennel Andrew A. Lackner Christopher J. Lingle Maria Julia Marinissen Keki B. Irani Kern E. Kenyon M. H. Lam Hagen Lippke Mark Markham Masayoshi Itoh Anthony M. Kerdock John M. Lambert Michael Lipsitz Harry Markowitz David A. Jackson Roland J. Kern Donald C. Lamons Laurence S. Littenberg Helene Marquis Marianna Jackson Keith Ketner Linda L. Lampl J. Russell Little Julian B. Marsh George T. Jacobi Philip S. Khoury Susan Landau Donald Livingston Dean F. Martin K. Bruce Jacobson Robert B. Kimsey John C. Landon Lars Ljungdahl Floyd D. Martin Andre T. Jagendorf Joseph J. King, Jr. Milton Landowne Felix J. Lockman Hugo M. Martinez John Jagger Mark T. Kingsley William E. Lands Marilyn R. Loeb Joaquin G. Martinez Eric Jakobsson Bohun B. Kinloch, Jr. Neal F. Lane Mary M. Loew Steve S. Martinez Walter Jakubas Toichiro Kinoshita Carl J. Lange Robert B. Loftfield James F. Masken Bernard W. Janicki Robert L. Kinzer D. Terence Langendoen Joseph C. Logue Serafeim P. Masouredis Michael A. Janssen Andrejs Kisis Leo F. Laporte Margaret I. Lomax Walter & Shirley Massey Curt W. Jarva Vera Kistiakowsky Jean K. Largis Gabrielle G. Long Winfield Massie Stephen N. Jasperson Michael S. Klassen Sharon R. Long Merrill J. Matchett Joseph R. Jehl, Jr. Scott & Heather Kleiner Melinda Larsen & Michael Gerdes Earl R. Lory John Mather Janet K. Jensen Rebecca Klemm Gerald A. Larson James D. Louck Anthony Matolek Randall M. Jeter Harvey L. Kliman Paul A. Larson Gordon Louttit Karen Y. Matsuoka George John W. S. Klipper Ralph J. & Sandy Larson John P. Loveridge Linda A. Mauck Clark Johnson Robert S. Knapp Bernice K. Lasker Paul Lovoi Egil Johnson Mark A. Knepper Nolan M. Lassiter, Jr. Jerold M. Lowenstein Diane M. & Roger W. Mauldin Francis Johnson James J. Knierim Roger Laverty, Jr. Fred V. Lucas George N. Mc Innis, Jr. James P. Knochel Walter R. Lawson Stanley D. Luck John H. McAdoo Mark M. Knuepfer Margaret A. Le Mone Steven C. Luckstead A. R. McBirney Michael F. Koehl Seymour Lederberg John L. Lumley Sally McBrearty Peter D. Johnson Stephen C. Kolakowsky Chuan P. Lee Allan J. Lundeen Simon J. McCarthy Jiri Jonas Leland S. Kollmorgen Ronald V. Lee Mark Lundstrom Daniel J. McCormack Anthony R. Jones Anthony L. Komaroff & Lydia Villa-Komaroff Gina J. Lee-Glauser William Lupatkin Layton L. McCoy Irene M. Jones Stanley R. Lehman Robert L. Lynch Patrick McCoy Lucy W. K. Jones W. D. Komhyr Mark E. Lehner Richard H. Lyon Wallace H. McCurdy, Jr. Patricia M. Jones C. Ronald Koons Robert I. Lehrer J. R. MacDonald K. Michael McDowell Robert H. & Ann W. Jones Victor Korenman William C. Leighty Robert J. Macek Thomas P. Jones Virginia L. Kortes Pamela Lein Allen H. Mackenzie Rosemarie & James L. McElhaney Erica C. Jonlin Igor L. Kosin Willard J. Lennox Helen D. Maclay Elke Jordan Maria Kovacs Anthony W. Leonard Richard V. MacMillan Patrick Joseph Albert C. Kovelesky Richard G. Lester James R. MacPherson Taylor B. Joyner Boyd Kowal Andrew Lettes Dace V. Madore H. Ronald Kaback Stephen C. Kowalczykowski Alexander H. Levi Marcos F. Maestre Bruce Kabakoff Theodore R. Kozlowski Roger Levien Lois E. Maggio William G. Kaelin, Jr. Claire M. Kramer Stephen M. Levin Mary E. Mahoney Kristopher M. Kafka Bernard L. Kravitz C. Sandford Levings III Tyler X. Mahy Thomas Kagle Bernard E. Kreger W. S. Lewellen Fred C. Maienschein Fred I. Kamemoto Rodney M. Krich Bruce V. Lewenstein John J. Majnarich Louis A. Kamentsky Lester C. Krogh G. Kenneth Lewis Marian E. Major Aimee Kane John S. Kronholm Henry R. Lewis Michael H. Malamy Norval M. Kane Gary D. Kukes Hugh B. Lewis Constantine J. Maletskos Lawrence Kaplan Casimir A. Kulikowski Arthur Liberman John Malley Solomon A. Kaplan Frederick A. Kundell David A. Liberman Jacqueline V. Mallinson Robert E. Kass Nurith Kurn Ira A. Liebson Robert B. Mandell David L. Kaufman Donna Kuroda Dr. Lierman Vincent Manganiello Ruth Tone Kawashima John W. Kusiak Arnys C. Lilly, Jr. Robert T. Manning Kathryn Keefer Jerome Kutliroff Yun Lin Scott L. Manske Edward Keenan John Kutzbach Harry W. Linde Tag E. Mansour Hans Keithley Holly Kuzmiak John P. Linderman David J. March John L. Kelland Keith A. Kvenvolden Richard L. Lindroth Theodore W. Marcy Marvin D. Kemple Wai-Kwong Kwok Quentin W. Lindsey Jan W. Mares Hollis R. Johnson James F. Johnson Martin L. Johnson 34 AAAS Annual Report 2011 Victor K. McElheny John M. McGhee Richard P. McGinnis James McGoodwin Steve P. McGrew Wilbert J. McKeachie Christopher F. McKee Ross E. McKinney John B. McManus Brockway McMillan Peter H. McMurry Donald P. McNamara Marcia K. McNutt Michael R. McPherson Duncan L. McVey William A. Meezan Howard C. Mel Michael Melampy John W. Melone Ethan A. Merritt James L. Merz William J. Meyer Alfred F. Michael, Jr. Jon J. Michnovicz A. A. Mullin Carmen Olito Alburt E. Pifer Kenneth J. Reed Claude J. Migeon Peter B. Myers Bjorn R. Olsen Wellington J. Pindar Paul B. Reichardt Albert Migliori Stephen E. Myers Patricia Olson Ken D. Pischel Marcus M. Reidenberg Richard H. Milburn Jack Nachamkin Richard K. Olsson Christiane T. Piselli Bernhard Reimann George A. Miller Gerald Nadler Gary A. Oltmans Jan D. Pitcairn Ralph A. Reisfeld Jerry W. Miller Padmanabhan P. Nair Toshihro Omura Jonathan A. Plucker Stanley Reiter Jon D. Miller Franklin R. Nash Leonard Oppenheimer Gayther L. Plummer Robert J. Remick K. Dexter Miller Michael Oristaglio William E. Plunkett Francis Repas Katherine R. Miller Roger J. Neill & Sylvia Kihara Gregory J. Orris Mark A. Plus Aristides A. G. Requicha Lynn Miller Paul E. Neiman Donald S. Orth Thomas G. Polefka Robert A. Resnik Paul D. Miller Howard L. Nekimken Henry H. Osborn Henry Pollack Paul R. Reynolds Wilbur H. Miller Billie C. Nelson Michael B. O’Sullivan Hartley L. Pond James B. Rhodes William F. Miller Edwin B. Nelson Lauren M. Pachman Lee G. Pondrom Vincent M. Riccardi William M. Miller James C. Nelson Chang H. Paik Paul E. Potter Mary E. Rice Don H. Mills Lloyd S. Nelson Thomas & Cheryl Palfrey Steve J. Poulos Adrian F. Richards Beatrice Mintz Lyle E. Nelson Allison R. Palmer Rex F. Pratt Rollin C. Richmond Donald A. Mitchell Richard M. Nelson Neil Palmer Dale L. Preston Per A. Rikvold Yoshikazu L. Mizobuchi Richard S. Nelson & Carol L. Enkoji Raymond L. Palmer Herbert P. Price Barbara K. Rimer Edward Prince Henry M. Rines Samuel J. Nelson, Jr. William N. Palmer Victor R. Palmeri Darwin J. Prockop Steven J. Ring Bernhard Palsson Ann Progulske-Fox Robert J. Ringlee Rudolph Pariser William M. Protheroe Rosette M. Roat-Malone Joseph C. Parker, Jr. Charles H. Pruett Jean Adams Robbins David Parrish Donald Pulitzer Eugene Roberts Steven D. Paschke Jules B. Puschett John D. Roberts Duncan T. Patten Jerome S. Puskin Julian L. Roberts, Jr. Ara G. Paul Roger Pynn Mark K. Robinson Rita C. Paulus Wayne E. Quinton Ross Robinson John S. Pearse Omar Qureshi Thomas S. Robison Maurice Pease Frederick J. Raab Aidan E. Roche Charles W. Peck Edward B. Radcliffe Theodore Rockwell Charles R. Peebles Mark S. Radomski Juan G. Rodriguez Andres Peekna Stephen C. Ragatz William J. Rodriguez Robert W. Peelle Yueh-Erh Rahman D. Christopher Roe Marian Peleski Wilfrid Rall Pamela Roe Chin-Tzu Peng Arthur L. Rangno Alan E. Rogers Michael Pensack M. M. Rao Kenneth C. Rogers Robert O. Pepin Potu N. Rao Samuel J. Rogers Joseph W. Perry Robert W. Rasch Mark Rognstad Philip R. Perry Jimmy L. Rash Jarrow L. Rogovin Alan & Missy Peterson Greg H. Rau Fritz Rohrlich Donald G. Peterson R R. Rau John W. Rose Donald P. Peterson Donald A. Rauh Kenneth L. Rose Jan Scott Peterson Paul Raviart Dean A. Rosebery John E. Peterson Leonard Rawicz Herman S. Rosenbaum Mary A. Peterson Tarun K. Ray Robert A. Rosenbaum Terry M. Peterson Timothy W. Raykovich Norman Rosenberg Charles Philipp John C. Raymond Susan M. Rosenberg Julia M. Phillips Lyle S. Raymond Jay S. Rosenblatt Laura M. Phillips Donald G. Rea Joan R. Rosenblatt Lawrence E. Phillips James F. Rea Ralph Roskies Ranard J. Pickering Robert D. Reasenberg Leonard L. Ross Al Pickett Arthur S. Reber E. C. Rossi Edward B. Picou, Jr. Doug Redelman Jessica Rossman Gerald B. Pier Edward F. Redish George C. Rovnyak Ronald A. Pieringer Robert P. Redwine William Row Farhad Moatamed Robert H. Moench Lloyd J. Money Walter G. Montgomery Angelyn & Kevin Moore Conrad T. Moore Duncan T. Moore Edwin G. Moore Grace W. Moore James D. Moore John F. Moore Roscoe M. Moore, Jr. Thomas G. Moore Sandra O. Moose Azorides R. Morales Thomas P. Moran Michael J. Moratto David W. Moreland Gerry H. Morgan Henry G. Morgan Sidney M. Morris, Jr. Grant Morrow III M. Patricia Morse Robert A. Morse J. Thomas Mortimer Peter Moseley Ronald A. Moss Christopher Motley Geoffrey H. Moyer John A. Moyer Patricia H. Moyer Forrest Mozer William H. Muchnic J. Fraser Muirhead Tamara A. Muldrow David Muller Susan Mullhaupt Thomas W. Mullikin Martin J. Nemer Robert M. Nerem Nancy J. Nersessian John R. Nesselroade James J. Nestor Elizabeth F. Neufeld Gordon W. Newell Jeffery L. Newmeyer Chester W. Newton Robert L. Newton Roger G. Newton Thomas W. Newton Edward W. Ng Johanna Nichols Lois A. Nicholson Martinus H. Nickerson Sheila Jean Counce Nicklas Ralph Nielsen Arthur W. Nienhuis Robert A. Nilan A. Hirotoshi Nishikawa Masayasu Nomura Karen Norberg Christer E. Nordman Anne Norman William T. Norton Stanley Novak Marie U. Nylen Judith K. Nyquist Daniel J. O’Connell W. Brian O’Connor Donald O’Dowd John R. O’Fallon Bruce O’Gara Lynn L. Ogden Alice S. Oglesby science without borders 35 Phillip Rowden Harold W. Schmitt Orville A. Smith Glenn W. Suter II Millard K. Underwood J. Michael Rowe George W. Schneider, Jr. Ronald E. Smith Ernest S. Sutton George Vacek Donald A. Rowley Richard M. Schoen Bradley R. Snedecor Yuichiro Suzuki Cheron Vail Laurens N. Ruben David Schooley Wayne R. Snodgrass Michael A. Swanson Kalliat T. Valsaraj Herman Rubin Webster Schott Dean R. Snow Clayton A. Swenson Andrew J. Van Horn Philip E. Rubin Sam R. Schrinar Robert Snyder Richard L. Swent Estil A. Vance Vera C. Rubin Gunther Schubert Ernest R. Sohns Stephen I. Szara Martin Vanderlaan Klaus Ruedenberg Ean Schuessler Pierre Sokolsky Andrew G. Szent-Gyorgyi Karl VanNewkirk Rafael A. Ruiz-Gonzalez Linda A. Schuler Ronald E. Somerby Rowland W. Tabor Moshe Y. Vardi John D. Ruley Hal F. Schulte Charles M. Sommerfield Heinrich Taegtmeyer Louis E. Varga J. Kenyon Rupnik Gertrud M. Schupbach John Sondek Marlin L. Tanck Donnie L. Vaughan Ronald J. Rusay Frank J. Sonleitner Morris Tanenbaum William B. Russel Benjamin Schwartz & Susan Cullen-Schwartz Stephanie S. Spangler Sheila E. Taube Lee T. Venolia & John W. Thoman, Jr. John J. Russell David Schwartz Kimberly M. Specht Flaubert Tchantchou Dick Vessel Charles P. Ryan Richard & Margaret Schwartz Gordon R. Spencer Max Tegmark Robert K. Vickery, Jr. Philip C. Spiller Richard V. Telloni Richard S. Vodhanel Dorie W. Schwertz Raymond A. Spong W. H. Tenhove Alvin Volkman Alicemary M. Sprickman Norman Tepley Susan F. Volman Emil J. Staba Raymond L. Teplitz Thomas von Foerster Irving C. Statler Lewis M. Terman Stephan Von Molnar John J. Steckert Robert B. Tesh W. H. Wadman Robert J. Stedman Kenneth R. Teter Albert F. Wagner Richard A. Steeves David B. Thomas Lester J. Wahner Kathryn E. Stein Herbert W. Thompson Harold Walba Donald F. Steiner Linda F. Thompson Charles Walcott Gregory Stephanopoulos Eric J. Thorgerson Charles P. Wales Q. D. Stephen-Hassard M. E. Thouless Frances Ann Walker Neal Stephenson Willard R. Thurlow Richard J. Walker Edward A. Stern William L. Tietjen William J. Walter Judith S. Stern Maury Tigner Robert Wample Paul C. Stern J. E. Tillmann Leslie Wanner Gordon Stewart Murray Tobak Robert S. Ward Julie Stewart Peter L. Todd Robert T. Ward Michael K. Stock Susan A. Todd Frank W. Warner III Harold J. Stolberg Barbara B. Torrey Nancy E. Warner James P. Stone Nick C. Toscano David S. Warren Stanley S. Stone Charles H. Townes Roxanne Warren Gary D. Stoner John W. Townsend, Jr. Thelma G. Warshaw David A. Stonestrom David H. Tracy Libe Washburn Rainer F. Storb John Tranquada John T. Washington Donald W. Stoutamire Arnold Travis Edel Wasserman John R. Strahler Nicholas D. Trbovich Marvin Wasserman James B. Strait Timothy N. Trick Ruedi Wassmer Karl D. Straub Russell F. Trimble George E. Watson III Alan J. Strauss Anthony M. Trozzolo P. Keith Watson Eugene Streicher Forrest A. Trumbore Gordon L. Watts D. J. Strickland Gregory S. Tseytin John Waycuilis Theresa V. Strong T. C. Tso Thompson Webb III Arnold F. Strother John M. Tucker Owen W. Webster Robert J. Stuppy Douglas B. Tully James L. Weeks Robert E. Stutz Orhan C. Tuncay John W. Weil Joseph N. Suhayda Gerard M. Turino Harrison Wein Joan C. Suit Daniel Tutas Elliot H. Weinberg Ralph L. Sulerud Donald W. Twohy Myron S. Weinberg Mark L. Sundquist Gertrude M. Tyce Frank Weinhold Patrick Suppes Brian D. Underwood Albert Weinstein Elizabeth F. Ryder George D. Ryerson Yousef Saad George H. Sack, Jr. Yoneo Sagawa Emannuel Sainis Reisuke Saito Bernard Salanie John Salmeron Kirstie A. Saltsman Martin J. Salwen Theodore R. Sana Pedro A. Sanchez Cheryl P. Sanchez-Kazi James S. Sandberg Eugene G. Sander Allan R. Sanford Anatole Sarko Marcus C. Sarofim Alberto Sarria Diane M. Sasaki Anne P. Sassaman William J. Saucier Eric Saund John E. Savage Jack Sawyer William W. Scales John M. Scanlan Howard K. Schachman Harvey W. Schadler Donald W. Schaffner Paul Schatzberg Richard C. Schauer W. R. Scheidt Elliott Schiffmann Elihu Schimmel Beverley & Murry Schlesinger 36 Eugenie C. Scott Gilbert R. Seely Jon Seger Cecily C. Selby David A. Selinger Francis Sellers John W. Severinghaus David W. Severson Roger W. Sevy Philip W. Shambaugh Harold T. Shapiro Robert Y. Shapiro David G. Shappirio Patrick A. Shea Walter Shearer John Sherwell Stanwyn G. Shetler John Shigeoka Patrick E. Shrout Abraham Shulman Charles H. Shultz Marshall E. Shumsky Bernard G. Silbernagel Willys K. Silvers Katherine Silz-Carson Steven Silz-Carson Eric J. Simon Simon C. Simonson Maxine & Daniel Singer Yvonne E. Sininger Monroe G. Sirken Jonathan B. Skinner Gary D. Sloan Pamela L. C. Small Alan J. Smith James C. Smith Jean M. Schmidt Linda C. Smith Ruth A. M. Schmidt Mary Virginia Smith Klaus Schmidt-Rohr Michael K. Smith AAAS Annual Report 2011 Berthold W. Weinstein Paul Witkovsky Eric Brinsfield Howard Gobstein Mark J. Logsdon Elizabeth K. Weisburger Marc S. Wold Joan Brooks Alfred L. Goldberg Dan Longo Armand B. Weiss Wheaton Wood William Brooks Jack L. Goldsmith Carol Becker Lynch Jeffrey Weiss J. Walter Woodbury David R. Buckler Sheila Hafter Gray Peter Madams Jonathan H. Weiss Gordon R. Woodcock Eric Burger Richard Green Brian Malloy-Thorpe Samuel A. Weiss H. Boyd Woodruff Julia Butters Laura Greene Scott L. Manske Paul Weisz George E. Woody Daniel B. Caplan Carl Griffith Mark Markham Michael L. Wells Robert J. Wordinger Hilda Carpenter Joyce Grossman Robert C. Marlay William W. Wells Peter E. Wright Marc Carrasco Samuel Gubins David Marlowe Robert Wenger William A. Wulf Michael Carson Rachael Guenlensberger Richard Massey Melvin J. Wentland Xiaoliang Xie Carlton Caves Nancy L. Haigwood Edward S. Matalka Donat G. Wentzel Yuying Xie Daniel Cayan Jeff Hammerbacher F. Maurrasse Leonard Wertzler Anthony T. Yachnis Nathaniel Chafee Daniel Hankey Michael M. May Charles J. Weschler J. D. Yager Andrew Chong John Hansel R. F. McAllister Robert A. Wesley Joel Yager Robert W. Christopherson Alexander Harcourt James J. McCarthy John E. Wessel Kathryn M. Yarosevich Austin Church John G. Harkins Steven Melander-Dayton Susan R. Wessler Belinda R. S. Yen Aaron Clark Hanns Hasche Kluender Ronald Melen Barbara B. West William H. Yenke Charles Clark Charles E. Hawkins Richard Melmon John L. Wetherby Wayne M. Yokoyama Barbara Clemmensen Jeffrey Hayden Richard A. Meserve Daniel Wettstein Andy Young Casey Clouspy Rudy Henninger Orlando J. Miller Emily Wheeler Lankau William Young Barry S. Coller Thomas Henson Douglas Mills Maynard B. Wheeler Dana R. Younger Donald Cook John R. Hess William Moates Elizabeth D. Whitaker Peter Y. Yu Paul R. Cooley Robert Hess Howard L. Morgan John A. White Stuart Yuspa Robert H. Cordella Elvin L. Hoel Edward Moulton Nicholas R. White Kevin Zahnle Alan Crawford John L. Hofstra Eric Phillip Muntz Amelia & Thomas Whitehead Vincent P. Zarcone, Jr. Edmund Crouch Michael Hunter Cherry Ann Murray Luke Whitesell Peter Zarras Kenneth Crumley Leon Hyman A. Narath Glenn G. Whiteside Marvin Zelen James H. Curry David W. Ignat Charles E. Needham John C. Whitmer Clive S. Zent Billy Dalrymple Masayoshi Itoh Maureen Neitz Pierre Wicker Ekhard Ziegler H. Clay Daulton John Jackson Mark Nockleby Norman E. Wideburg William Zimmermann, Jr. Paul Day-Lucore Karen S. Jakes Jacques Nor Ralph R. Widner William J. Zukel Kenneth De Ghetto Gary Jason Andrew Norton Marilyn E. Wilhelm C. Gregory Doherty Debra Johnson Edward Oates Richard R. Wilk Gregory C. Donadio Stephen Jones Don O’Brien Albert Dosser George Karkanias P. O’Keefe Jaquelin P. Dudley Michael Kelley Charles Patton Pete Eckel Jack Kerns Ronald Pedalino John Edgcomb Randal Kirk David Penniman Estia J. Eichten Robert Kirshner Christine Petersen James B. Ellis Jonathan Knowles Laura A. Philips Joseph S. Engenito William Koerner Kerry Phillips Eldon D. Enger Thomas F. 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Wing Donald F. Winter Allen H. Wise Carl P. Wisoff Evelyn M. Witkin Patron Members Edward Aboufadel Edwin Adlerman R. Paul Aftring James Altman Asma Amleh Albert F. Anderson David Anderson Senthil Annamalai Mary Barber Deena Bellman Philippe Beltran Kathleen Berger Josh Bernstein Chris Biemesderfer J. Michael Bishop Jerome L. Bleiweis Carla Blumberg Fred Bomberger Peter Boyer John Brademas Olga Breydo science without borders 37 William J. Saucier Robert Schneider Richard M. Schoen Michael Scott Ronald C. Searls Robert E. Shafer Douglas R. Shanklin Victor M. Showalter Andrew Siedlecki Robert Paul Siemann Corporations and Foundations 3M Company Acumen Scientific Affymetrix, Inc. Agouron Institute Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Alvin H. Baum Family Fund The Amgen Foundation Annual Reviews Scientific Method Publishing Co. Seascan, Inc. Grainger Matching Charitable Gifts Program The Seattle Foundation Hamill Family Foundation Sinauer Associates, Inc. Hamlin Capital Management, LLC Subaru of America, Inc. Harry Markowitz Company The U.S. Charitable Gift Trust IBM Verizon Foundation Intermarine Incorporated Vintage Production California LLC Jarrow Formulas, Inc. Sidney Stern Memorial Trust W.W. Grainger, Inc. Arco Contractors Supply Co. Jewish Community Foundation of San Diego Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corporation The John D. and Catherine R. MacArthur Foundation The Weinberg Family Foundation for Truth in Science Inc. The Baltimore Family Fund John Templeton Foundation Wilson Family Foundation The Barkley Fund Johnson & Johnson BECU The Joyce Foundation Judson Somerville Berkshire Taconic Community Foundation, Inc. The Kavli Foundation H. Sox Brainfood, Inc. Stephanie S. Spangler Richard L. Steiner Bristol-Myers Squibb Foundation Lampl-Herbert Consultants, Inc. Shepard B. Stone Burroughs Wellcome Fund S. D. Stroupe The Caravan Trust Gene Thomas Carnegie Corporation of New York Glenn E. Thomas Case IH James G. Timourian Charles E. Kaufman and Virginia Kaufman Fund of The Pittsburgh Foundation David J. Simons Bruce Simonson Lane Singer Linda C. Smith Scott Smith Steven W. Smith Walter Smith Kirsten Vadheim James Vancik Hitachi, Ltd. The Laverty Foundation Liberty Healthcare Corporation Lockheed Martin Corporation L’Oréal Foundation D’Enterprise L’Oréal USA Lundeen Foundation Lutron Foundation The Marc Haas Foundation Other Organizations Almgren Initiative in Mathematics American Bar Association American Chemical Society American Geological Institute American Geophysical Union American Institute of Physics American Mathematical Society American Meteorological Society American Nuclear Society Computational Physics, Inc. McKinstry Charitable Foundation Consolidated Chemical Works, LTD Merck & Co., Inc. Continuing Bioengineering ED, Inc. Nassau Chemical Corporation CRDF Nature Publishing Group The Dana Foundation New England Biolabs, Inc. Warren B. Weisberg The David and Lucile Packard Foundation Nicholas Dewolf Foundation Ralph Wharton The Dow Chemical Company Dara Wilber American Society of Mechanical Engineers DuPont Oak Foundation Clinton Williams Oberkotter Foundation American Society of Microbiology Eli Lilly and Company Michael Williams Emergence Venture Partners, LLC American Society of Plant Biologists Marlan Willis Olympic Ship Supplies & Services, Inc. EMJAYCO LP Christopher Wilson Paratherm Corporation Eppendorf AG Isaac J. Winograd Evergreen Ventures, LLC Pediatric Academic Association, Inc. American Sociological Association David Woodbury Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation Pepsico Foundation Mary Woolley Chris Yragui Forney Family Foundation Predesa, LLC. James Zuiches Ganguly Family Foundation Arnold Zwicky The GE Foundation Research Corporation for Science Advancement General Atomics Richard Lounsbery Foundation The George and Maradel Sonnichsen Charitable Fund Rosse Family Charitable Foundation GlaxoSmithKline LLC S. A. and R. W. Colgate Trust The Glickenhaus Foundation Santa Barbara Foundation Golden Family Foundation ScienceDaily LLC The Goldhirsh Foundation, Inc. Scientific Consulting Laboratories, Inc. Lydia Villa-Komaroff Brian Wainscott Robert Walsh A. L. Walton Letao Wang Thomas Wasylukaarian Christopher Waterbury Gordon and Betty Moore 38 Foundation GPK Foundation AAAS Annual Report 2011 Merck Partnership For Giving National Instruments Noyce Foundation Plaza Medical Center, Inc. American Physical Society American Physiological Society American Psychological Association American Society of Agronomy, Inc. American Society of Civil Engineers American Statistical Association American Veterinary Medical Association Ameriprise Financial PAC Match Program Association of American Geographers Atheists for Humanity Carnegie Institution for Science Cornell University Dartmouth College Desert Research Institute Earth Resources Data Analysis System Environmental Systems Research Institute SPIE European Commission DG Research Technical Education Research Centers Eutema Technology Management The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS) The Federal Bureau of Investigation U. S. Agency for International Development Federation of American Scientists U.S. Department of Agriculture Federation of Animal Science Societies U.S. Department of Education Geological Society of America George Washington University U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Harvard University U.S. Department of State Howard Hughes Medical Institute U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs Indo-US Science and Technology Forum U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers - USA U.S. Office of Research Integrity Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences Kean University, College of Natural, Applied and Health Sciences King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology Maine Technology Institute Materials Research Society Michigan State University Montana State University Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory The National Academies National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration U.S. Department of Defense U.S. Department of Energy University Corporation for Atmospheric Research University of Alaska University of Delaware University of Florida University of Kansas Medical Research Institute University of Kansas School of Medicine University of Kentucky Research Foundation University of Maine University of Michigan University of Nevada University of New Hampshire University of New Mexico University of Oklahoma University of Puerto Rico National Institutes of Health University of Rhode Island National Law Enforcement Museum University of Vermont National Science Foundation WestEd Norman Borlaug Institute for International Agriculture Women in Engineering ProActive Network Oak Ridge Associated Universities The Ohio State University Rhode Island Research Alliance Rice University SciFlies Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society Society for Advancement of Chicanos and Native Americans in Science (SACNAS) University of Washington This report reflects contributions received 1 January 2011 through 31 December 2011. We apologize for any errors in this listing. Please do not hesitate to bring them to our attention by calling 202-326-6636. Society for Research in Child Development South Dakota State University science without borders 39 Financial Summary Consolidated Statements of Financial Position for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 ($ in thousands) ASSETS Cash Accounts receivable, net Grants and contributions receivable Prepaid expenses and other Investments Property, plant and equipment Total assets 2011 4,362 6,826 6,984 2,017 82,146 58,377 160,712 2010 6,254 8,082 8,463 2,609 90,504 56,451 172,363 LIABILITIES AND NET ASSETS Liabilities: Accounts payable and accrued expenses 13,165 15,715 Deferred dues, subscriptions revenue and other 27,277 25,508 Bonds payable 14,399 17,400 Total liabilities 54,841 58,623 Net assets: Unrestricted 87,244 91,501 Temporarily restricted 9,824 13,469 Permanently restricted 8,803 8,770 Total net assets 105,871 113,740 Total liabilities and net assets 160,712 172,363 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Net Assets for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 ($ in thousands) Revenues: Member dues Publishing Grants and other program support Leasing, investments and other Expenses: Publishing Education, policy and other programs General and administrative expenses Operating income, before tax Provision for income tax Nonoperating revenue and expense Change in unrestricted net assets Change in restricted net assets Change in net assets Net Assets, beginning of year Net Assets, end of year 40 AAAS Annual Report 2011 2011 2010 11,224 47,366 27,400 8,614 94,604 43,684 34,957 15,030 93,671 933 100 (5,091) (4,258) (3,612) (7,870) 113,741 105,871 11,804 45,189 22,947 10,734 90,674 41,092 31,914 14,219 87,225 3,449 (1,535) 3,045 8,029 3,517 11,546 102,195 113,741 AAAS Board of Directors, Officers, and Information Board of Directors 2011-2012 AAAS MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION INFORMATION Association Headquarters Chair and Pe pa adi dolestionsed quaeritiis expedis aut utChief odis Executive Officer nia ditiorepudae volendunt, sum fugia dolorior atus exero American Association for the Alice S. Huang Executive Publisher ersped ullacilit libus est, susto quatem. Git, si offic expernatur? Advancement of ScienceOtatur, California Institute of Technology AlantoI. esLeshner conse voloriam eiunti quam eseriaepro equiae. Bitae lab ipidentius doluptatquis eum exces vendis sitatem poreped millam quis1200 modit volores eniet New York quatures Avenue, N.W. Presidentseceaqui inctem rehende liatur? Chief Financial labor and Administrative Washington, D.C. 20005 USA nonsequam rati doles comnimo luptiandam harcil id ea intesciNina V. Fedoroff Officer Tel: 202-326-6400 mus ent velest ma doluptate nusam quis acea qui comnihi King Abdullah University of Science Phillip Blair Lanimagnis iliqui dit qui omnim iur? llorerc hiciumendae. Ga. Pa imus int, occulparum and Technology (KAUST) AAASeum Annual Meeting rero Ehenda sam int facid ut que nam quatur apelitiis modi omnis dolutates elibustrum nis re et, voloFebruary berrorem. Et quis Dates: 14-18 2013 Center of Science, Policy and President-Elect undes core, occus et esto occullamus ad ut earumquae Location: Boston, Massachusetts dolut pe od quam rerumque vent ut int rectatur modi beSociety Programs William H. Press www.aaas.org/meetings. Find an volum aceptate sum conse vel ipsa doluptat. Edward Derrick,ratenit, ipsam fugitassus, con porrumquiam quis cus maion Chief Program University of Texas at Austin archive of past meetings. Director nonectur alicto cone conserf ernatem quas ex et verorep Nem reicipi enditas magnim doloreicit aut vernatior Treasurer erchicid quaturitand landae conempo ssequid ellacipissi que maxime verferf eritate consequi temporem eaque Center for Science, Technology AAAS Centers Davidplaccae Evans Shaw porenecest ex es doluptate quis modita nulparunt. Security Policy nulparum fuga.Group Ad utectot repe www.aaas.org/programs/centers Blackpoint LP atibus dolorit ationsecum Norman Neureiter, Acting Director eatiaep udiatis doles eostiam nos alit, serionem quodictet Loreperchit hillandae prem auda iusdant, conseque Supporting science and rem Chief Executive Officer and laut aut as et maximi, quisquas dolor site re, necuptam, engineering capacity, Development Office explibu scietur? Berum que dolenist, illuptuste corcareers, anime Executive Publisher public engagement, science Juli Staiano, Director volorit, cum fugias doluptatis et, te volorrum ut vid et atas assequibus, qui sum acculpa cum estiam nectaAlansuntur, I. Leshner diplomacy, policy, sustainability acerion expernatur? Obiscim poristi cumquamus. speris sequi vitatium rest, occus. Education and Human Resources and more. OTHER MEMBERS Shirley M. Malcom, Director Ed eostiunt. Nimustiore niscias sam, que voloreic tem Abora eost prem hilligent, consequunt el modis alit quaNancy Knowlton National Museum of Natural si omnitat endenda pratem faccupt aspellori consequ mossequ iamentu sandam fugiam enim corationem. Executive Officetiunt Affairs ELECTRONIC RESOURCES History, Smithsonian Institution iaepedition earum quae repror mosa dit labo. UrGretchen am sit, nis Seiler,Itatio. Director Et faceat. AAAS veligent re, quunt aute laborpore provid et optatiu reictatur Stephen L. Mayo Finance and Administration Utecero inum dolecte poriwww.aaas.org id quam nimodi cust qui acearia ipsusapid magnimaxim reria il exeroviti Colleen dolupic Struss, tec- Director of Finance California Institute of Technology Find breaking AAAS news and omnimet endae re ipit et, ut volest volorehendae volupti tur molutem corro quatectem sunti as doloria ectores tia- Legal Officer and Chief membership information. aturionse natempori que por aut ressimaiora doluptas qui Raymond Orbach ex esectesenis sam voles eos doluptureperes eatestrunt University of Texas at Austin Human Resources ut pe voluptae lam quo quamAAAS et a cusandit, sum estia volo MemberCentral tiis explab ipiendam volupta tendenitenda dolupta esciene Alison French, Chief Human cus arum rem andae dolectemembercentral.aaas.org optae optaspe lectestio. Ullab mpossim ut facerum cusam voluptur, soleseq uissit Officer Julia M.olupici Phillips Resources Joinvendit this online community of AAAS illaboreped que dolupta tusam, ma duntisciis maioSandia Laboratories litatist aut National ad moloribusam viducid eum at ulles aut maio members worldwide. runt remquae cum a velibusto cum facitatia nonse plitin International Office magnamet venduci atasped utemper ovidendunt. Vaughan Turekian, Chief Sue V. Rosser pore rat que quaspictem eium quunt Journals fugias qui ommolese Science Officer San Francisco University Raesto earum State qui ideriat umentio rporem eumInternational repeet undandae odipsam voluptaspero maio con con cus ad www.sciencemag.org runtem sumque laut et quos consequam ea inctibus Science, ScienceinTranslational et etus, tempos aut vit hillestint, andelectat rempore Information Technology David D. Sabatini Medicine and Science evelesequi untem evel magnis doluptae sit auditas erunto Rick Hays, Chiefne Information excea santOfficer ipsa desequibus poris exces mod mi,Signaling. inum New York University Langone ipsusMedical quae coreperum Center volorio et etur sin nonessi milliqui quae soluptat lanis acimus eria nobis ario. Ita nobis sit mi, ScienceCareers Office of Government Relations dunt accuptatiate plab idis es susa sit que mossima gnihic sit laboribus eturibusae lignis si dolesecae voluptatur as www.sciencecareers.org Joanne Carney, Director Inder M.non Verma tesciis non porrore nihiciditae sus alibus dendi blatibe Look for career advice, how-to dellesci animodipit aut voloris volupta spiciat optatum quo Salk Institute for Biological Studies Programs information and more. arcius rerchitem qui beritaerit harume et voloreOffice sinvel of is Publictem qui tem esti iderit, nobis perum es sitatecupti od ut Ginger Pinholster, Director percimet que hitate pliquamus sitat ut eic te veliatus, Thomas A.nest Woolsey reped eum evelectus. EurekAlert! Washington School of prehenia velectotae occae illab ipsaeUniversity num net estempore Office of Publishing and Member www.eurekalert.org Anto debit omnis ventio. Eperuntium eum expellant Medicine Services (OPMS) sim dis invel endi officillum et, ut pa sim nias voluptatiis Read breaking research news in volore exerciligent rat et officil itiaspide perfero Bethquos Rosner, Publisher and Directorquaectiis multiple languages. adi reiunto offictendam, optatisquas con cum eum of OPMS occus molupta debis ut a inctaquis ut alibeatur, volore sundae ressiment. MAKE A GIFT pliquo temolecerum fuga. Icabo. Poriae. Ut expla ex et Project 2061 www.aaas.org/makeagift This report is based on content Tem dis intur parum dolut utatqui re, cullorest, assit lam qui to te acest Jo Ellen Roseman, Director Be a catalyst for change— written by various members of the solupta cust, simuet, sin est ut quas aut fuga. Itius pre parcita tendelenihil donate online. AAAS Office of Public Programs Science sandiam, as quamEditorial molorepta sum ressit asperib errovidunt quam et omnissit staff during 2011. Writing assisBruce Alberts, la- tance was provided by Michaela borit odignatum quist Editor-in-Chief eum fugit utes aut voluptas ma venis rem qui qui arumque JOIN AAAS Monica Bradford, Executive Editor www.aaas.org/join er- Jarvis. The design was developed speris saeptat inctum nam, cuptatem quam, sit, nimi, sequas re auditen destiam science, serve society and by Thea Mills, AAAS Publication nim qui ommolloreScience News ut magnima ximendes is cusaAdvance que qui vidigenis accu read Science, too. Services. Colin Norman, News Editor science without borders 41 2013 AAAS ANNUAL MEETING 14–18 February • Boston www.aaas.org/meetings The Beauty and Benefits of Science • High Value for Registration Fees • Student Poster Competition • Special Room Rates • International Exhibit Hall • Multidisciplinary Symposia • Professional Development • Seminars and Forums • Networking • Plenary and Topical Lectures • Member Benefits All Are Welcome: Registration and housing opens in early August. Visit www.aaas.org/meetings for registration fees, housing and program updates.