SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS FOR LEVELLAND, TX

Transcription

Texas Tech University
College of Architecture
Graduate Students Present:
SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS
FOR LEVELLAND, TX
design proposals for
Historic Preservation
Energy Conservation &
Economic Development
Preservation Studio
Fall 2007
Under the direction of Dr. Elizabeth Louden
Sustainable Solutions
For Levelland, TX
Preservation Studio :: Fall 2007
Dr. Elizabeth Louden
Joshua Atkins
Cory Edwards
Adam Everett
Wes McElhany
Jordan Mussett
Eric Ritchie
Abhilasha Shrivastava
Randy Wallace
Contents
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Mission Statement
1.2 Texas Locator Map
1.3 Levelland Base Map
2.0 History Section
2.1 History of Levelland and the Courthouse Square
2.2 Timeline
2.3 National Register Nomination
3.0 Current Context
3.1 Goals & Objectives
3.2 Site Analysis for the Courthouse Square
4.0 Case Studies
4.1 Brenham, TX
4.2 Denison, TX
4.3 Denton, TX
4.4 Fredericksburg, TX
4.5 Georgetown, TX
4.6 Granbury, TX
4.7 New Braunfels, TX
4.8 The Woodlands, TX
ii
5.0 Student Design Proposals
5.1 North
5.1.1 Adam Everett
5.1.2 Wes McElhany
5.2 East
5.2.1 Jordan Mussett & Joshua Atkins
5.3 South
5.3.1 Eric Ritchie
5.4 West
5.4.1 Cory Edwards
6.0 Conclusion
7.0 References
iii
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 MISSION STATEMENT
Our design group, established in Fall 2007, is dedicated to reestablishing the unique
character of Levelland, TX, through the preservation and public enjoyment of
Levelland’s historic courthouse and the surrounding commercial district. The purpose of
our project is to enhance cultural awareness and to promote the distinctive features of
Levelland through engaging activities and retail opportunities. The proposal of design
solutions will serve as a catalyst for growth and economic development. This course of
action will be advanced by the implementation of fresh ideas, innovative concepts, and
building technologies.
Figure 1: Hockley County Courthouse, Northeast View (Photograph by Josh Atkins).
1.2 TEXAS LOCATOR MAP
Figure 2: Levelland located on 1917 Texas map
(Map adapted from http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/texas_1917.jpg).
Page 2 of 125
1.3 LEVELLAND BASE MAP
Figure 3: Levelland District Map (Adapted from map available at http://www.ci.levelland.tx.us).
Page 3 of 125
2.0 Historic Context
2.1 HISTORY OF LEVELLAND AND THE COURTHOUSE SQUARE
Due to its remote location West Texas had historically been traveled across, but
not inhabited. This specific area had been frequented by nomadic Plains Indians, most
notably the Comanche, and early explorers, but it was not until 1880 that any
permanent settlements were established. Hockley County was formed on August 21,
1876; it was the second to the last county to be created by the state of Texas.1
Levelland, first known as Hockley City, was established as the county seat in 1921.
The first people to establish residence in the county were ranchers, and the
development of the county owes much to these early settlers. During the last part of the
nineteenth century the majority of the county was occupied by large ranches. The first
development in the county was a road, marked in 1886, providing a straight line for
freight to travel from the rail in Colorado City, to the south, north to the XIT Ranch, the
southern extremities of which reached into Hockley County.2 At the turn of the century,
droughts and decreasing livestock values paired with increasing land values due to the
Fort Worth to El Paso (1880-1881) and the Fort Worth to Denver City (1881-1888) lines
of the Texas and Pacific Railways caused many ranchers to promote their lands for
development. To accommodate the new farms, smaller rails broke through the “V” left
by the previous two lines, and in 1918 the first town in the county, Ropesville, formed
from a donation of 85 acres to the Santa Fe Railroad. The construction of a depot and
cattle loading site secured Ropesville as the first community in Hockley County. A large
portion of the Slaughter Ranch had been purchased by C.W. Post in 1906 and surveyed
by him in 1912 as a potential town site named Hockley City.3 Located near the center
of the county, undeveloped Hockley City sat largely ignored for almost a decade. A
land rush in Hockley, Lubbock, Terry, and Lynn counties during the 1920s spurred
growth throughout West Texas.
1
AuthorUnknown,FromtheHeartofHockleyCounty:Recollections(Levelland,TX:publisherunknown),198.
FromtheHeartofHockleyCounty,199.
3
2
Page 4 of 125
In 1920, with a county population of 137, there was a desire to organize and elect
county officials that could handle their business locally, instead of having to travel to
Lubbock, the county seat of adjoining Lubbock County.4 An election was held on
February 19, 1921 to choose a county seat. Ropesville, the only community in the
county at the time, seemed likely to win, but the undeveloped townsite of Hockley City,
won by a slim 52% majority.5 The elected officials quickly authorized the building of a
temporary courthouse and the digging of a water well.
In the spring of 1921 a temporary wooden courthouse, 16’ by 32’, was built in
the middle of the square, where the present courthouse now stands. The lumber for its
construction was hauled from Lubbock by wagon. As soon as the structure, with a front
porch and surrounding fence, was completed the county clerk, George P. Smith, and his
wife took residence. The building also served as a place to store the records of Hockley
and Cochran counties; Cochran County had been placed under the jurisdiction of
Hockley County. A more permanent courthouse, a two-story wooden building that
served the county’s needs until the current courthouse was built in 1927, was built on
the northeast corner of the square later in 1921.
Hockley City’s first store, built and operated by J.M. Fleming of Kansas City, was
opened in the summer of 1921 to meet the needs of land speculators, land prospectors,
and ranchers. Later that year the store was sold to T.W. Bowers and it became the
location of the town’s first post office.6 In the spring of 1922, citizens sent a petition to
the postal department requesting an official post office; before that time mail had been
brought in once a week from Lubbock by Bowers. The petition was denied because
another Hockley City already existed in Harris County; requiring the town’s name to
change. There are at least three popular stories on the origins of the name “Levelland.”
Some long-time residents believe that the town was named after the postal inspector
who delivered the news of renaming, while others maintain that Mrs. T.W. Bowers
4
LillianBrasher,HockleyCounty,19211971:TheFirstFiftyYears(Canyon,TX:StackedPlainsPress,1976),74.
Theelectionwasalsotochoosethefirstcountyofficials:JudgeJ.R.Evans,CountyandDistrictClerkGeorgeP.
Smith,SheriffJ.A.Stroud,TaxAssessorUlisKing,CountyTreasurerJohnDoyle,andCommissionersLeeCowan
(Precinct1),G.W.Alexander(Precinct2),GeorgeSmith(Precinct3),andSamArnett(Precinct4).
6
Brasher,7677.
5
Page 5 of 125
proposed the name as an alternative to the popular “Ellwood.7” The third frequently
cited is that the town was named by Lelia M. Post (C.W. Post’s widow) and daughter
Margery Post Hutton.8 Whatever the circumstanced, Levelland very accurately
describes the land surrounding the community, and the name was accepted by the
postal department. For the first two years of Levelland’s existence, the temporary
courthouse, the county’s windmill, Bower’s store, and a service station and garage
opened by W.A. Cannon were all that stood out against the horizon.
By 1924, the town boasted a population of 461 and ten new stores had been
added to the business district surrounding the courthouse. Many landholders began to
reduce their acerage by selling large tracts of ranchland to farmers. The following year
a Railroad Celebration and Barbecue was held in Levelland from August 4th to the 6th
commemorating the arrival of the Santa Fe Railroad in 1925.9 Levelland entertained
between 10,000 and 12,000 visitors at the event. With the railroad and new
businesses, Levelland became a prominent destination for new settlers. The Hockley
County Herald, owned and edited by C. B. McCormack, encouraged growth by
advertising inexpensive farm land, abundant crop yields, and promoting opportunities
for new businesses. On Thanksgiving Day, 1926 a devastating sandstorm, fed by
insufficient management of plowed fields and the removal of native vegetation that had
anchored the topsoil, swept through the area destroying much of that year’s cotton
crops. 10 The winds were so fierce that barbed-wire fences sparked with static electricity
during the storm. Despite the sporadically harsh climate, by the end of the decade the
town boasted a population of 1661.
A result of continued economic and demographic growth, the current stone and
concrete courthouse and a new jail were constructed in 1927. By this time the north
and the west sides of the square, with the exception of the Wallace Theatre and the
Levelland Hotel, were completed.
7
IsaacL.EllwoodwastheowneroftheSpadeRanch,whichcoveredalargeportionofHockleyCountyduring
the1880sand1890s.Ellwoodwasalsocoownerofthepatentonbarbedwirefencing.
8
9
“RailroadCelebrationandBarbecue,”HockleyCountyHerald,10July1925.
10
Brasher,227.
Page 6 of 125
During the 1930s Levelland survived the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl
relatively unscathed.11 Stories abound of people cleaning their houses with shovels
instead of brooms and of railroad maintenance crews spending every day clearing sand
from the tracks to avoid train derailments. At the end of the decade, drillers discovered
oil in Hockley County, diversifying the economy and spurring growth even as the war in
Europe became a growing concern.
The United States’ entry into World War II caused a population decrease in the
community, but it did not disrupt daily life. Many young people went away to help with
the war effort, but those who stayed behind continued to plant, harvest, drill wells, build
residences and churches, and shop at the many retail establishments available to them.
The Hockley County Memorial Library, built on the courthouse square in 1948, honored
the memory of those who lost their lives during the war.12
Since the 1940s, Levelland’s population has increased gradually, to a current
population of approximately 12,000. The town is known for nationally is a welldocumented U.F.O. sighting that occurred in 1957.13 Of more lasting significance, the
town is home to South Plains College, founded in 1957, a school widely known for its
strong music department.14
By the end of the 1940s all of the buildings had been built that exist on the
courthouse square today. Although these buildings have undergone many physical
changes over the years, their facades still remain intact.15 Alterations during the 1960s
and 1970s changed the appearances of many of the square’s buildings, but the
atmosphere of the courthouse square remains one of retail and governmental entities
coexisting in one location to better serve residents, remains. It was this atmosphere
that caused the square to be a popular place to park and visit with other residents
during the 1920s and 1930s, the most significant period of development for Levelland.
An interest in preserving history and the historic fabric of small towns swept
through the country during the 1980s and 1990s. Levelland citizens accepted this
challenge, becoming a Main Street city in 1997 and receiving a $10,000 grant from the
11
Brasher,228.
13
Brasher,313.
14
http://www2.southplainscollege.edu/
15
Brasher236239.
12
Page 7 of 125
Texas Department of Agriculture’s Texas Yes! Rural Beautification Program in 2006.16
This later grant was used to provide accessible sidewalk ramps around the courthouse
square and powder coated waste receptacles encouraging litter-free spaces and
providing spaces to advertise the city’s rich heritage.
With its historic architecture and strong potential for the sense of
community that so many people crave, it is time once again for downtown Levelland to
become a destination.
16
“MainStreetProgramwins$10,000Grant,”LevellandNewsPress,29January2006.
Page 8 of 125
2.2 TIMELINE
Levelland, Hockley County,
Texas
Hockley County formed by the
state of Texas; it was the
second to last county formed by
the state.
1906
C.W.Post purchased land from
Slaughter Ranch
August 21, 1876
1912
Town site surveyed by Post
(Hockley City)
February 19, 1921
Hockley City chosen in election
52% as county seat
1921
x
x
x
x
x
x
List of county officials
Oct 21-First marriage
Aug.6-First birth
J.M.Flemming built a new store
Oct-Store sold to T.W.Bowers
Second courthouse built NE
corner of square
Page 9 of 125
Spring, 1922
Petition sent to postal dept,
requesting a post office.
Another Hockley city existed
in Harris County.
Hockley City renamed to
Levelland.
August 5, 1925
x
x
Santa Fe Railroad entered
Levelland
Aug 4-6 Railroad Celebration
and Barbecue.
April 11, 1927
Courthouse and jail bond issued
November 2, 1926
Thanksgiving Day
Sandstorm
Page 10 of 125
August 20, 1927
Groundbreaking for courthouse
and jail-completed 1928
April 1933
Bandstand erected on NW
corner of courthouse lawn for
public use cost $80.
1937
Oil discovered in Hockley
County
1948
Hockley County Memorial
Library built on the southwest
corner; dedicated to the memory
of men who gave their lives
during World War II
December 1949
Hotel built on NE corner of
square, last of buildings built on
square.
Page 11 of 125
April 1957
South Plains College founded
November 4, 1957
U.F.O sighting
March 1960
Highway 82 through Levelland
1997
Levelland becomes Main Street
City.
2006
Levelland received $10,000
grant from Texas Department of
Agriculture’s Rural Yes!
Beautification Program
Page 12 of 125
2.3 NATIONAL REGISTER NOMINATION
Following is a draft of the National Register Nomination for the Hockley County
Courthouse in Levelland prepared by Abhilasha Shrivastava and Randy Wallace under the
direction of Dr. Elizabeth Louden for the Fall 2007 Preservation Studio.
Page 13 of 125
NPS Form 10-900
(Oct. 1990)
OMB No. 10024-0018
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places
Registration Form
This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in How to Complete the National Register of
Historic Places Registration Form (National Register Bulletin 16A). Complete each item by marking “x” in the appropriate box or by entering the information
requested. If an item does not apply to the property being documented, enter “N/A” for “not applicable.” For functions, architectural classification, materials, and
areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. Place additional entries and narrative items on continuation sheets (NPS Form
10-900a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer, to complete all items.
1. Name of Property
historic name
Hockley County Courthouse
other names/site number
N/A
2. Location
street & number
city or town
state
not for publication
802 Houston St.
Levelland
vicinity
Texas
code
TX
county
Hockley
code
219
zip code
79336
3. State/Federal Agency Certification
As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this
nomination
request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic
meets
Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set for in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property
does not meet the National Register criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant
nationally
statewide
locally. (See continuation sheet for additional comments.)
Signature of certifying official/Title
Date
Arkansas Historic Preservation Program
State or Federal agency and bureau
In my opinion, the property
comments.)
meets
does not meet the National Register criteria. (
Signature of certifying official/Title
See Continuation sheet for additional
Date
State or Federal agency and bureau
4. National Park Service Certification
I hereby certify that the property is:
entered in the National Register.
See continuation sheet
determined eligible for the
National Register.
determined not eligible for the
National Register.
removed from the National
Register.
Signature of the Keeper
Date of Action
other, (explain:)
Page 14 of 125
Hockley, Texas
Name of Property
County and State
5. Classification
Ownership of Property
Category of Property
Number of Resources within Property
(Check as many boxes as apply)
(Check only one box)
(Do not include previously listed resources in count.)
private
X public-local
public-State
public-Federal
X
building(s)
district
site
Contributing
3
Noncontributing
1
structure
buildings
sites
object
1
structures
objects
3
Name of related multiple property listing
2
Total
(Enter “N/A” if property is not part of a multiple property listing.)
Number of Contributing resources previously listed
in the National Register
N/A
0
6. Function or Use
Historic Functions
Current Functions
(Enter categories from instructions)
GOVERNMENT/courthouse
GOVERNMENT/courthouse
7. Description
Architectural Classification
Materials
Late 19th and 20th Century Revivals
foundation
Other: Classical Revival
walls
Stone
roof
Concrete
Concrete
other
Narrative Description
(Describe the historic and current condition of the property on one or more continuation sheets.)
Page 15 of 125
Hockley, Texas
Name of Property
County and State
8. Statement of Significance
Applicable National Register Criteria
(Mark “x” in one or more boxes for the criteria qualifying the property
Levels of Significance (local, state, national)
State
for National Register listing.)
X A Property is associated with events that have made
a significant contribution to the broad patterns of
our history.
B Property is associated with the lives of persons
significant in our past.
X C Property embodies the distinctive characteristics
of a type, period, or method of construction or
represents the work of a master, or possesses
high artistic values, or represents a significant and
distinguishable entity whose components lack
individual distinction.
Areas of Significance
Architecture
Politics/Government
Social History
Period of Significance
1927-1950
D Property has yielded, or is likely to yield,
information important in prehistory or history.
Criteria Considerations
(Mark “x” in all the boxes that apply.)
Significant Dates
August 20, 1927 – groundbreaking of courthouse
Property is:
A owned by a religious institution or used for
religious purposes.
Significant Person (Complete if Criterion B is marked)
B. removed from its original location.
C. birthplace or grave of a historical figure of outstanding
importance.
D a cemetery.
Cultural Affiliation (Complete if Criterion D is marked)
E a reconstructed building, object, or structure.
F a commemorative property
G less than 50 years of age or achieved significance
within the past 50 years.
Architect/Builder
Preston Lee Walker
Narrative Statement of Significance
(Explain the significance of the property on one or more continuation sheets.)
9. Major Bibliographical References
Bibliography
(Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form on one or more continuation sheets.)
Previous documentation on file (NPS):
preliminary determination of individual listing (36
CFR 67) has been requested
previously listed in the National Register
Previously determined eligible by the National
Register
designated a National Historic Landmark
recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey
#
recorded by Historic American Engineering
Record #
Primary location of additional data:
State Historic Preservation Office
Other State Agency
Federal Agency
Local Government
University
X Other
Name of repository:
Hockley County Memorial Library
Page 16 of 125
Hockley, Texas
Name of Property
County and State
10. Geographical Data
Acreage of Property
UTM References
(Place additional UTM references on a continuation sheet.)
1
3
Zone
Easting
Northing
Zone
2
Easting
Northing
4
Verbal Boundary Description
(Describe the boundaries of the property on a continuation sheet.)
Boundary Justification
(Explain why the boundaries were selected on a continuation sheet.)
11. Form Prepared By
name/title
Abhilasha Shrivastava and Randy Wallace
organization
Texas Tech University College of Architecture
date
street & number
city or town
telephone
Lubbock
state
Texas
zip code
79406
Additional Documentation
Submit the following items with the completed form:
Continuation Sheets
Maps
A USGS map (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property’s location
A Sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous resources.
Photographs
Representative black and white photographs of the property.
Additional items
(Check with the SHPO or FPO for any additional items.)
Property Owner
(Complete this item at the request of SHPO or FPO.)
name
street & number
city or town
telephone
state
zip code
Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate properties for
listing or determine eligibility for listing, to list properties, and to amend existing listing. Response to this request is required to obtain a benefit in accordance with
the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.)
Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 18.1 hours per response including time for reviewing instructions,
gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect of this form to the Chief,
Administrative Services Division, National Park Service, P. O. Box 37127, Washington, DC 20013-7127; and the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork
Reductions Projects (1024-0018), Washington, DC 20303.
Page 17 of 125
NPS Form 10-900-a (Rev. 812002)
OMB NO. 1024-0018
(Expires 1-31 -2009)
National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet
Name of Property
Hockley, TX
County and State
_____________________
Section number 7 Page 1
Name of multiple property listing (if applicable)
History
Levelland is the county seat of Hockley County, was formed on August 21, 1876,
and was the second to the last county to be formed by the state of Texas. 1 In 1920, with
a county population of 137, there was a desire to organize and elect county officials that
could handle their business locally, instead of having to travel to Lubbock as had been
done previously.2 An election was held on February 19, 1921 to choose a county seat.
Ropesville, the only community in the county at that time, seemed likely to win, but the
undeveloped town site of Hockley City, surveyed by C.W. Post in 1912, won with a slim
52% majority. The elected officials quickly authorized the building of a temporary
courthouse and the digging of water well.
In the spring of 1921 a wooden courthouse, 16 by 32, was built in the middle of the
square, where the present courthouse now stands. The lumber was hauled from
Lubbock by wagon; one of the men hauling this lumbar was J.D. Crow of Ropesville. As
soon as the structure, with front porch, surrounded by a fence, was complete, the
county clerk, George P.Smith, and his wife moved in. The building served as the
residence of the ‘First Family’, as well as a storage place for the records of Hockley and
Cochran counties. Cochran had been placed under the jurisdiction of Hockley County.
1
2
AuthorUnknown,FromtheHeartofHockleyCounty:Recollections(Levelland,TX:publisherunknown),198.
Page 18 of 125
NPS Form 10-900-a (Rev. 812002)
OMB NO. 1024-0018
(Expires 1-31 -2009)
Name of Property
Hockley, TX
County and State
_____________________
Later in 1921, a second courthouse was erection. This was a two-storey structure,
located on the northeast corner of the square. This served the county’s needs until
1928, when the present courthouse was built. The two-storied wooden courthouse was
also, for a time, the home of the county clerk and his family.
The land in the middle of the square was given by C.W.Post for the courthouse.
The bond election was held April 11, 1927, in the amount of $150,000 for the purpose of
constructing a new courthouse and jail. The bond issue carried and the court went
forward with plans for the new structure. The bonds were payable at five per cent
interest, to be paid in 40 years. The judge and the commissioners met and appointed
the firm of Butler Brothers as architects. They were assigned the task of designing the
plans and supervise the construction for five per cent of the building.3
The building was to be of Algonite Stone construction. The stone was to be Algonite
base color, machine tooled up to the first window sill and buff color the remainder of the
way up the sides of the building. The contracts for the architect and the building
contractor were signed by Judge D.E.Magee and commissioners, Joe McLean, Ed
Langford, J.R.Evans and J.H.Pettit.
3
Page 19 of 125
NPS Form 10-900-a (Rev. 812002)
OMB NO. 1024-0018
(Expires 1-31 -2009)
Name of Property
Hockley, TX
County and State
_____________________
On August 20, 1927 the ground breaking for the courthouse was held. The town had
just been incorporated and had completed the water and sewage system. The second
school building was being built and the brick building on the north and west side of the
square had been completed, with exception of the Wallace theater and Levelland Hotel
which were completed in 1928.
In September 1927, the court met to decide on the terms of the sale of the two
story temporary courthouse, on the north side of the square on the corner of Avenue
Gand Houston Street. The temporary structure was sold to B.W.Taylor, for $ 1,000. He
was to remove the building and the outhouses in 30 days. The contract for the
landscaping of the courthouse lawn was given to Frank Cole for $600.The courthouse
was completed in 1928, and has served the county continuously since that time.
In April 1933, Judge J.P.Potts, commissioners, J.P.Shofner, D.L.Tucker,
J.F.Steele, Joe McLeanand clerk Warren Pearcy, ordered a bandstand to be erected on
the northwest corner of the courthouse square for the cost of $80. The Hockley County
Memorial library, built in 1948 is dedicated to the memory of the men of Hockley County
who gave their lives in World War II.
The first floor of the library included for the Hockley County Library, an office for the
home demonstration Office and space for the County Health Office. The basement
originally had four office spaces and the rest rooms. On a stormy afternoon in 1977
Page 20 of 125
NPS Form 10-900-a (Rev. 812002)
OMB NO. 1024-0018
(Expires 1-31 -2009)
Name of Property
Hockley, TX
County and State
_____________________
Judge Z.O.Lincoln turned the first spade of earth on the site of the Hockley County
Court House Annex.
Architectural Description
The Hockley County courthouse was constructed in 1927 in Levelland, the county
seat of Hockley County, Texas. The building is a two story structure, built in stone and
concrete. It is a significant example of late 19th and early 20th century Classical Revival
style architecture.
The courthouse is situated in the middle of the downtown square, surrounded by
commercial strips on four sides. The exterior and interior of the courthouse still show a
high degree of architectural integrity and continue to represent the unique architectural
and historical character of levelland’s town square.
The building has striking Classical Revival style elements like smooth and polished
stone surfaces, unadorned entablature and roof line, massive columns on all the four
sides. This simple yet monumental and elegant building is symmetrical in plan and built
form. The structure contains load bearing masonry walls, resting on concrete
foundation. The building is Algonite Stone construction. The stone is Algonite base
color; machine tooled up to the first window sill and buff color the remainder of the way
up the sides of the building.
Page 21 of 125
NPS Form 10-900-a (Rev. 812002)
OMB NO. 1024-0018
(Expires 1-31 -2009)
Name of Property
Hockley, TX
County and State
_____________________
The main entrance to the courthouse is from the east side, which has the historic wind
mill in the front. All the façades of the courthouse are exactly the same, with four
massive circular columns above the entrance, supported on lintel with decorative stone
brackets below it. Unlike the typical Classical Revival style buildings, the Levelland
courthouse has arched masonry windows. There are a total of 80 windows in the
courthouse, 20 on each side. The two windows on the either sides of the main entrance
have segmented flat arches and the other two corner windows have semi-circular
arches. The monotony of the plane stone parapet has been broken by the decorative
middle portion on all sides. The windows
The south side entrance to the courthouse is now connected to an annex, a single
story stone building, added to the courthouse in 1971. The annex is highly noncontributing and doesn’t match with the style of the courthouse. The same Algonite
stone has been used for the construction of the Annex as the courthouse. To the north
corner of the main entrance is a gazebo, a small wood structure, with a pyramidal roof,
used for small music concerts and gatherings. It is a non-contributing structure, also
added much later than the courthouse.
Page 22 of 125
NPS Form 10-900-a (Rev. 812002)
OMB NO. 1024-0018
(Expires 1-31 -2009)
Name of Property
Hockley, TX
County and State
_____________________
Statement of Significance
The Hockley County Courthouse is one of the most significant buildings of the
county and an asset to the city of Levelland. Two other important buildings neighbor the
courthouse: the old jail and the Hockley County Memorial Library. The property meets
Criterion A for nomination to the Historic Register for its significance at the state level in
the categories of architecture, politics/government and social history. Criterion C is met
since the structure a fine example of Classic Revival architecture of the late 19th and
20th century, and the only example of this architectural style found in the city of
Levelland and Hockley County.
Hockley County was formed by the state of Texas on Aug 21, 1876. It was second
to the last county formed by the state. In 1906, C.W.Post purchased the land from
Slaughter Ranch. Later in 1912, Post surveyed the town site and named it Hockley City.
Hockley City was chosen as the county seat in Feb. 19, 1921, winning the election by
52% votes. The land in the middle of the square was given by C.W.Post for the first
courthouse. Soon after the erection of the first courthouse, a temporary, 16’ by 32’,
wooden courthouse in the spring of 1921, the community developed and new
businesses started growing. In the same year a two-story courthouse was built on the
northeast corner of the square that has served the county’s needs until the present
Page 23 of 125
NPS Form 10-900-a (Rev. 812002)
OMB NO. 1024-0018
(Expires 1-31 -2009)
Name of Property
Hockley, TX
County and State
_____________________
present courthouse was built in 1928. The two-story wooden courthouse was also, for
a time, the home of the county clerk and his family.1
On April 11, 1927, a bond election was held for the purpose of constructing a new
courthouse and jail on the same land as the first courthouse. The judge and the
commissioners met and appointed the firm of Butler Brothers as architects. They were
to design the plans and supervise the construction for 5% of the building.2
On August 20, 1927 the ground breaking for the courthouse was held. The town
had just been incorporated and had recently completed the water and sewage system.
The second school building was under construction and the brick building on the north
and west side of the square had been completed, with the exception of the Wallace
Theater and the original Levelland Hotel which were completed the following year.
In September 1927, the court met to decide on the terms of the sale of the two
story temporary courthouse, on the north side of the square. The temporary structure
was sold to B.W.Taylor, for $1,000. He had to remove the building and the outhouses in
30 days. The contract for the
1LillianBrasher,HockleyCounty,19211971:TheFirstFiftyYears(Canyon,TX:StackedPlainsPress,1976),74.
2LillianBrasher,HockleyCounty,19211971:TheFirstFiftyYears(Canyon,TX:StackedPlainsPress,1976),76
Page 24 of 125
NPS Form 10-900-a (Rev. 812002)
OMB NO. 1024-0018
(Expires 1-31 -2009)
Name of Property
Hockley, TX
County and State
_____________________
landscaping of the courthouse lawn was given to Frank Cole for $600.The courthouse
was completed in 1928, and has served the county continuously since that time.3
The courthouse is still located in the middle of the downtown square, surrounded
by commercial strips on four sides, which were developed the late 1920s and 1930s.
The exterior of the courthouse still shows a high degree of architectural integrity and
continues to represent the unique architectural and historical character of Levelland’s
town square. In late 1970s the courthouse was renovated with the addition of large builtin furniture, wood paneling inside and a single story annex was added to the south side
of the courthouse due to lack of space within the existing structure.
3LillianBrasher,HockleyCounty,19211971:TheFirstFiftyYears(Canyon,TX:StackedPlainsPress,1976),76
Page 25 of 125
NPS Form 10-900-a (Rev. 812002)
OMB NO. 1024-0018
(Expires 1-31 -2009)
Name of Property
Hockley, TX
County and State
_____________________
Bibliography
Brasher,Lillian.HockleyCounty,19211971:TheFirstFiftyYears.Canyon,TX:StackedPlainsPress,
1976.
FromtheHeartofHockleyCounty:Recollections.Levelland,TX:PublisherUnknown.
HockleyCountyHerald,10July1925.
LevellandNewsPress,29January2006.
Wuerflein,Debbie,MainStreetCoordinator.InterviewstoAbhilashaShrivastavaandRandyWallace;
alsoprovidedhistoricphotographs.5Oct2007;1Nov2007.
Page 26 of 125
NPS Form 10-900-a (Rev. 812002)
OMB NO. 1024-0018
(Expires 1-31 -2009)
Name of Property
Hockley, TX
County and State
_____________________
Boundary Description
The Hockley County Courthouse and surrounding lawn in Levelland, TX is
bounded on the south by Austin Street and on the North by Houston Street. The
boundary on the east is defined by Avenue G and the western boundary is marked by
Avenue H.
Page 27 of 125
NPS Form 10-900-a (Rev. 812002)
OMB NO. 1024-0018
(Expires 1-31 -2009)
National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Hockley County Courthouse
Name of Property
Hockley, TX
County and State
_____________________
Section Sanborne Maps Page 1
Page 28 of 125
NPS Form 10-900-a (Rev. 812002)
OMB NO. 1024-0018
(Expires 1-31 -2009)
Name of Property
Hockley, TX
County and State
_____________________
Page 29 of 125
NPS Form 10-900-a (Rev. 812002)
OMB NO. 1024-0018
(Expires 1-31 -2009)
Name of Property
Hockley, TX
County and State
_____________________
Page 30 of 125
NPS Form 10-900-a (Rev. 812002)
OMB NO. 1024-0018
(Expires 1-31 -2009)
Name of Property
Hockley, TX
County and State
_____________________
Section Photos Page 1
Figure 1: Hockley County First Courthouse, 1921, (Photo Courtesy of Debbie Wuerflein).
Page 31 of 125
NPS Form 10-900-a (Rev. 812002)
OMB NO. 1024-0018
(Expires 1-31 -2009)
Name of Property
Hockley, TX
County and State
_____________________
Figure 2: Hockley County Second Courthouse, 1921 (Photo Courtesy of Debbie Wuerflein).
Page 32 of 125
NPS Form 10-900-a (Rev. 812002)
OMB NO. 1024-0018
(Expires 1-31 -2009)
Name of Property
Hockley, TX
County and State
_____________________
Figure 3: Hockley County Courthouse, 1928 (Source: From the heart of Hockley County).
Page 33 of 125
NPS Form 10-900-a (Rev. 812002)
OMB NO. 1024-0018
(Expires 1-31 -2009)
Name of Property
Hockley, TX
County and State
_____________________
Figure 4: Hockley County Courthouse, May 10,1986 (Source: From the heart of Hockley County).
Page 34 of 125
NPS Form 10-900-a (Rev. 812002)
OMB NO. 1024-0018
(Expires 1-31 -2009)
Name of Property
Hockley, TX
County and State
_____________________
Figure 5: Hockley County Courthouse, Northeast View (Photograph by Josh Atkins).
Page 35 of 125
NPS Form 10-900-a (Rev. 812002)
OMB NO. 1024-0018
(Expires 1-31 -2009)
Name of Property
Hockley, TX
County and State
_____________________
Figure 6: Hockley County Courthouse, West Elevation (Photograph by Josh Atkins).
Page 36 of 125
NPS Form 10-900-a (Rev. 812002)
OMB NO. 1024-0018
(Expires 1-31 -2009)
Name of Property
Hockley, TX
County and State
_____________________
Figure 7: Hockley County Courthouse, Northeast View (Photograph by Abhilasha Shrivastava).
Page 37 of 125
NPS Form 10-900-a (Rev. 812002)
OMB NO. 1024-0018
(Expires 1-31 -2009)
Name of Property
Hockley, TX
County and State
_____________________
Figure 8: Hockley County Courthouse, North Façade View (Photograph by Abhilasha Shrivastava).
Page 38 of 125
NPS Form 10-900-a (Rev. 812002)
OMB NO. 1024-0018
(Expires 1-31 -2009)
Name of Property
Hockley, TX
County and State
_____________________
Figure 9: Hockley County Courthouse, Annex Plaque (Photograph by Randy Wallace).
Page 39 of 125
NPS Form 10-900-a (Rev. 812002)
OMB NO. 1024-0018
(Expires 1-31 -2009)
Name of Property
Hockley, TX
County and State
_____________________
Figure 10: Hockley County Courthouse, Interior Corridor (Photograph by Randy Wallace).
Page 40 of 125
3.0 CURRENT CONTEXT
Our preservation studio, under the direction of Dr. Elizabeth Louden, was first introduced
to the city of Levelland through a project to design low-income, sustainable housing for the
South Plains Community Action Association, Inc. (SPCAA). The primary goal of this project was
for a house that acknowledged and utilized the abundant natural resources found in Levelland,
mainly sun and wind. Through the process of designing these residences, several
environmental and climatic studies of Levelland were completed. The following pages
summarize the information gathered by the studio. After establishing the environment and
climate of the region, several site analysis graphics are provided to show the current uses of
Levelland’s courthouse square.
Page 41 of 125
SITE ANALYSIS
Location
Levelland is located at 33˚ 35’ N latitude and 102˚ 22’ W longitude.
Climate
Levelland, TX climate is warm during summer when temperatures tend to be in the 70’s
and cold during winter when temperatures tend to be in the 40’s.
The warmest month of the year is July with an average maximum temperature of 92.70
degrees Fahrenheit, while the coldest month of the year is January with an average
minimum temperature of 23.70 degrees Fahrenheit.
Temperature variations between night and day tend to be moderate during summer with
a difference that can reach 28 degrees Fahrenheit, and relatively big during winter with
an average difference of 31 degrees Fahrenheit.
The annual average precipitation at Levelland is 19.58 inches. Rainfall is fairly evenly
distributed throughout the year. Highest rainfall is recorded in September with an
average of 3.24inches.
Residents of Levelland enjoy 14 hours of sunlight on the longest day of the year
(summer solstice) and approximately 10 hours of sunlight on the shortest day of the
year (winter solstice).
Page 42 of 125
SITE ANALYSIS
Wind
The wind rose graph shows from which direction the largest percentage of wind comes.
This graph tells us that most of the wind comes from the South varying between 150°
and 240° and according to the city of Levelland website average wind speed is 12.4
miles per hour.
This graph shows the year round average wind speed compared to the national
average.
Page 43 of 125
SITE ANALYSIS
Figure4:Graphicshowingtherelationshipofpavedareastolandscapingonthecourthousesquare
(GraphiccreatedbyAbhilashaShrivastavaandRandyWallace).
Page 44 of 125
SITE ANALYSIS
Figure5:Graphicshowingpedestrianaccessandsafetyonthecourthousesquare.
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SITE ANALYSIS
Figure6:Graphicshowingvehiculartrafficpatternsaroundthecourthousesquare.
Page 46 of 125
SITE ANALYSIS
Figure7:Graphicshowingmajortrafficavenuesaroundthecourthousesquare.
Page 47 of 125
SITE ANALYSIS
Figure8:Identificationofcontributing,potentiallycontributing,andnoncontributingbuildingsonthecourthousesquare.
Page 48 of 125
4.0 CASE STUDIES
Following are case studies of eight small communities. Information gathered in these
studies was incorporated in the design proposals for Levelland’s courthouse square.
Page 49 of 125
Brenham, TX
Brenham is located near College
Station, TX and is home to Blinn Junior
College. The relationship between Blinn
College and Texas A&M University is
very similar to the relationship between
South Plains College and Texas Tech
University. The town’s website offers a
comprehensive event planning guide
which describes the area’s activities.1
The events advertised, however, tend to
Figure2:BrenhamCourthouseSquare.(Source:
http://www.brenhamtexas.com/mainstreet/).
draw people out of the town center to
the neighboring wineries, the college’s
Even though downtown Brenham
performing arts center, or on scenic
is a Mainstreet city, this information is
driving tours through the area.
very difficult to find on their website.
Once the website on the downtown is
found, it is disappointing; only a listing of
the businesses is found, along with a
statement that “Downtown Brenham is
still the most fun place to be.”
The lesson learned from this study is
that the events in Levelland should be
well advertised, but that perhaps the
Figure1:Brenham’sBluebellCreamery.(Source:
http://www.citydata.com/picfilesc/picc8638.php)
events could include the county/region
as long as they originate or terminate in
downtown Levelland.
1
http://www.brenhamtexas.com/
Page 50 of 125
Denison, TX
Denison, Texas in Grayson County was founded in
1872 and came to prominence due to its relation to
transportation sources, those being the MissouriKansas-Texas Railroad and the Red River. The city of
Dension gained its name from the vice-President of
the railroad at the time George Denison. Other
economic development in 1940 came with the
building of Perrin Air Force Base. Its close proximity
to the Red River and Lake Texoma by way of State
Highway 120 and 84 connect the city to a unique
geographic area. Denison is connected to Dallas by
Highway 75, just a 75 mile trip down the road, and
just 4 miles South of the Texas-Oklahoma boarder.
Even thought the Railroad has fallen from prominence, Denison has thriving downtown. In 1988
Denson was added to its repertoire the designation
as a Texas Main Street City, which helped spur interest in the downtown area and in the 1990s became a
destination for artist to set up galleries and studios.
Now there are many art related activities associated
with Grayson County Community College, which
calls Denison home as well. There are guided and
walking tours of the many 19th century buildings
and homes. With a population of around 22,800
Denison is a cultural and economic center for the
Texoma area.
Page 51 of 125
Town Center Case Study
Denton, TX
Denton’s population is about 100,000 –
much larger than Levelland, but its courthouse square is roughly the same size.
Although equal in size the square in
Denton draws much more activity, than
that of Levelland especially at night. Also
Denton is a college town, and there is
much more student activity on the square
than in Levelland. I chose Denton to examine what draws people to the square,
particularly college students.
Denton has a high concentration of restaurants and entertainment venues in and
around the square including two theaters,
an art gallery, wine stores, a coffee shop
and an old fashioned
ice cream shop. Levelland, in contrast,
has almost all small
retail
stores.
In
Denton, I believe in
the coffee shop and
ice cream shop, in
particular, are vital to
bringing students to
the area. They provide a place where
students can congregate for an extended
period of time without
spending
much
money.
Wes McElhany
Page 52 of 125
Fredericksburg, TX
Fredericksburg is a weekend destination for people in Central Texas,
specifically those from Austin and
San Antonio, who come for the bed
and breakfasts, abundant hunting,
fishing, antique stores, the German
influence in the form of bakeries,
restaurants, stores, and peaches.
Similarily, I view Levelland as a possible night and weekend destination
for the surrounding areas of Lubbock. Accomodations for arts, music
venues, and a unique restaurant
atmosphere capitalize on this ideal.
Page 53 of 125
Georgetown, TX
Introduction
Georgetown is a community of more
than 30,000 located approximately 26
miles north of Austin. Known for its rich
history, Georgetown has over 180
homes and buildings listed on the
Fig1. Georgetown Downtown Streetscape
National Register of Historic Places and
was the recipient of the Great American
Main Street Award in 1997, the first
Image Source: http://www.georgetown.org/
Overview
Texas City ever so recognized.
Georgetown has, to some extent, been
successful in preserving historic resources
and promoting economic development
downtown, particularly in the blocks
framing the historic courthouse. The City
of Georgetown sponsored the
development of a new plan through the
Main Street Advisory Board and a Steering
Committee, comprised of citizens and
representations of local interest groups,
helped establish basic goals and
objectives. This plan also builds upon
planning efforts conducted by the City,
County and other design consultants. The
plan details a downtown framework
Fig 2. Georgetown Courthouse Square
Image Source:
http://www.georgetown.org/pdfs/masterplan.01
system and identifies those elements that
interface most closely with it: streetscape
design, way finding systems, opportunity
areas, circulation and parking.
Page 54 of 125
'RANBURY48
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RESIDENTS4HISTOTALHOWEVERDOESNOTACCOUNTFOR
THELARGENUMBEROFRESIDENTSINTHESURROUNDINGAREA
4HECITYOF'RANBURYHASBEENNOTEDQUITEOFTENFORNOT
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PUTTIMEANDMONEYINTORESTORINGPARTSOFTHESQUARE
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PLACE IMAGE HERE
Page 55 of 125
New Braunfels, TX
New Braunfels’ downtown
area has several
accommodations to offer its
community. It has shops that
offer variety of shopping for the
consumer which also includes
business’s that the city attracts
for tourism. The area also
offers an art museum and
children’s museum meeting the
needs of all age groups.
Unlike most downtown
areas New Braunfels court
house is located off the center
block and on one the corners
adjacent to the center block. By
doing this they have provided a
nice large green space in the
center of the town for
gatherings of all types. By
doing this community social
events are popular events that
consistently bring people into
the downtown area.
The Wurstfest Grounds
Located10 blocks away from
the downtown area offer a
beautiful park within close
range of the downtown area,
which accentuates the cities
main tourist attraction.
Page 56 of 125
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5.0 STUDENT DESIGN PROPOSALS
Page 58 of 125
NORTH ELEVATION
ADAM EVERETT
The North block has many key features to set it apart from the rest of the downtown
area; most notably the movie theatre and the old hotel that anchor the corners. Conversely,
these two anchors are currently underutilized; the historic facades of these two buildings remain
intact and offer opportunities to contribute to the context of the entire square. The other
buildings along the north block have already changed significantly.
In an attempt to stand out and communicate the type of business they represent, some
building owners have chosen a façade that is not historically compatible. The remaining
buildings have a stereotypical appearance in keeping with 20th century commercial blocks. The
original facades are covered in a variety of materials and in some places, windows are filled with
brick.
Although located in the heart of the city, the court house square offers mature trees and
green spaces that invite public interaction. From the sidewalk, pleasant views toward the front of
the courthouse, and its large lawn exist. Key elements in the proposal for the north block
eliminates two rows of parking and expands the sidewalk to green space and opportunities for
outdoor cafes. This proposal would help to effectively increase the volume of pedestrians
needed and spur retail growth. With heightened pedestrian usage and reduced vehicular traffic,
greater public safety would be achieved as well.
In this geographical location, the sun is on a southern axis throughout the day. With
southern facing façades this provides plenty of natural day lighting to potentially reduce energy
dependency. Another part of this proposal is to open ceilings up with skylights and larger store
front windows to take full advantage of the natural day lighting.
This proposal will help to strengthen the square in many ways; the square will begin to
see higher pedestrian traffic, and better profits out of its newly designed businesses. This will be
the opportunity for the square to once again be a striving business depot like it was once
designed for.
Page 59 of 125
Program - Adam Everett
Existing – Hotel
Vacant building originally designed to be a hotel.
Proposed – Coffee Shop/Student Housing
On the ground level of this building a coffee shop will be incorporated providing
services to the occupants of the building and pedestrians. By maintaining this
building’s initial use, student efficiency apartments will be installed. Along with
this all of the amenities will be present as well providing a comfortable living
environment.
1st Floor
x Coffee Shop – 575sqft
x Computer Shop – 270sqft
x Student Housing – 4 Units @ 465sqft ea.
2nd Floor
x Student Housing – 5 Units @ 465sqft ea.
x Entertainment Room – 1,150sqft
3rd Floor
x Student Housing – 4 Units @ 465sqft
x Study Lounge – 930sqft
x Outdoor Door Patios Combined – 1250sqft
Page 60 of 125
Existing – K n M Framing
An occupied store currently maintaining its business.
Proposed – Restaurant with Cigar/Wine bar
The first floor will be the main restaurant, which will also provide out door dining
in front of the building. On the second floor will be a lounge with ample patio
space catering to wine and cigar services providing a relaxing atmosphere.
1st Floor
x Restaurant
x Indoor Dining – 840sqft
x Kitchen – 600sqft
x Utilities – 200sqft
2nd Floor
x Cigar and Wine Bar
x Indoor Dining Enclosed – 650sqft
x Bar – 200sqft
x Utilities – 100sqft
x Outdoor Patio – 1100sqft
Existing – Texas Digital Video and Music / Thommans Jewelry
Both buildings are currently occupied and maintaining businesses
Proposed – Music Store and Recording Studio
The original music store will keep its current context while receiving some
remodeling including expanding it to the back of the alley to maximize square
footage. The Jewelry store will be relocated and remodeled to a recording studio
with connection to the music store.
1st Floor
x Retail Space – 1900sqft
x Recording Studio – 680sqft
x Sound Booth – 250sqft
x Prep Room – 325sqft
Page 61 of 125
Existing – Wooden Testimony and Jam Party
The Wooden Testimony building has recently been vacated, while the JAM Party
building is currently occupied, this building is only open on a need by need basis.
Proposed – Salvation Army Boys and Girls Club
This proposal will combine both the Wooden Testimony and Jam Party into one
building and adding a second story. The new building will consist mostly of
recreational space and access to the newly redesigned field behind it, containing
a basketball court and two tennis courts.
1st Floor
x Recreational Space – 1800sqft
x Office Space – 250sqft
2nd Floor
x Recreational Space – 2600sqft
Existing – Country Western Retail Store
This store is currently occupied and at this time is on a double lot.
Proposed – Retail Store
Under this proposal the building will maintain its same type of usage but with
merchandise shifted to better suit a larger variety of people. The façade will
receive remodeling to go along with the rest of the block.
1st Floor
x Retail Space – 2800sqft
x Office and Break Room – 400sqft
Page 62 of 125
Existing – Pie Shoppe
Currently occupying this building is a restaurant with the specialty of pies.
Proposed – Pie Shoppe
Due to this buildings high customer count I have decided to keep its original context
and usage. My proposal will simply provide a renovation to the façade and open
more dining space on the new lawn in front of the building.
Existing – Wallace Theatre
This building is currently vacant, although it still maintains its original structure to
be a movie theatre.
Proposed – The Wallace Theatre
Restore the building to its original use, including a façade renovation and update
the film equipment.
Page 63 of 125
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NORTH ELEVATION
WES McELHANY
There are multiple reasons that made working with the North side of the square an
interesting prospect. First there is its composition. The two story buildings on the corners frame
the one story shops in between, making an architecturally interesting arrangement. Also, since it
faces south, it will receive more sunlight than any other side of the square, allowing for passive
day-lighting and heating. Additionally, all of the buildings on the north side of the square were
built in the 1920s which makes them meets the 50 year requirement to qualify as potentially
historically significant. Although all of the buildings have changed ownership and been altered
multiple times, the character and the style of the original block remains. For this reason I wanted
to minimize any alterations to the appearance of the existing structures in my design proposal
and only add to them without disrupting the integrity of the block. Accordingly, my proposal
focuses on adding loft apartments onto the roofs of the existing buildings and requires the
removal of only one building, which is currently unoccupied.
Page 71 of 125
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50’
WESLEY McELHANY
10’
site plan
100’
FALL 2007
n
DR LOUDEN
SITE PLAN & SECTION
S t r e e t
ARCH 5605
H o u s t o n
Page 80 of 125
WESLEY McELHANY
B
loft floorplan
ARCH 5605
A
A
B
FALL 2007
SCALE: 3/16” = 1’-0”
FLOORPLAN
DR LOUDEN
n
SECTION B-B
SECTION A-A
Page 81 of 125
WESLEY McELHANY
SCALE: 3/16” = 1’-0”
TRANSVERSE SECTION
loft section
ARCH 5605
B
A
A
B
FALL 2007
DR LOUDEN
Page 82 of 125
WESLEY McELHANY
loft section
ARCH 5605
B
FALL 2007
SCALE: 3/16” = 1’-0”
CROSS SECTION
A
A
DR LOUDEN
B
Page 83 of 125
WESLEY McELHANY
1’
5’
commons area
10’
ARCH 5605
FALL 2007
PLAN & SECTIONS
DR LOUDEN
n
Page 84 of 125
WESLEY McELHANY
renderings
ARCH 5605
FALL 2007
DR LOUDEN
EAST ELEVATION
JORDAN MUSSETT & JOSHUA ATKINS
The East side of the square along Avenue G is unique in that it is partly comprised of the
two largest floor space areas on the Levelland Courthouse square, the Family Dollar and Billy
Price’s Furniture. The furniture was combined from multiple individual stores to create a single
large square foot area. Compared to the other facades of the Levelland Courthouse Square the
East storefront facades have a more simplified and unified appearance, as well as consisting of
the widest expanses of glazing. To us the more unified and less broken up appearance makes
the East side appear less historically significant and separated from the other existing facades
that make up the Courthouse Square.
Page 85 of 125
Program
Store Types:
x Pet Store
o No specific age group
o A place where a purchase is not expected
o Maybe include a small petting zoo
x Bookstore
o College kids
o Quiet place to read
x Market (open air)
o Fresh air
o Fresh products
o Chance to create a unique outdoor space with exposed structure
x Grocery Store
o Within the market
o Help sustain tenants of apartments
x 3rd Story Apartments
o College kids
o Shop owners
o Smaller percent of other groups
x Leaves 16 open shop spaces
Covered Walk
Use ideals derived from cast iron
x Continuous
x Repetition
x Concealment
x Decoration
x Symmetry
Benches
x Allow for more seating while utilizing what is there already
Breakdown of spaces
2 -3 story mixed use mercantile/living spaces.
Split up block into 4 buildings
Smaller stores = 1 dual use bathroom
8062.5 sq feet 268 max capacity
Open air market
13,200 square feet
440 people maximum = 1 dual use bathroom
Page 86 of 125
Commercial centers = 475 ft2/ton floor area served refrigeration
Size of Mechanical Equipment:
Market Area (if considered enclosed)
57 tons of cooling capacity
Boiler room and chilled water plant = 160 sq feet
70 sq feet for cooling towers
Smaller Mercantile spaces
15 tons cooling capacity
Boiler room and chilled water plant = 175 ft sq
30 sq feet for cooling towers
References:
Mechanical ad Electrical Equipment for buildings 9th Edition; Copyright 2000
Studio Companion; Copyright
Page 87 of 125
Page 88 of 125
Jordan and Josh
case study
ARCH 5605
FALL 2007
DR LOUDEN
Page 89 of 125
Jordan and Josh
East Elevation
Existing Elevation
elevations
ARCH 5605
FALL 2007
5'
5'
15'
15'
x5
7-1/8" LONG
1-5/8" TALL
3-9/16" DEEP
30'
30'
DR LOUDEN
0'
0'
Page 90 of 125
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Page 92 of 125
Jordan and Josh
sections
SOUTH CUT
MIDDLE CUT
NORTHERN CUT
ARCH 5605
5'
5'
5'
FALL 2007
0'
0'
0'
15'
15'
15'
DR LOUDEN
30'
30'
30'
Page 93 of 125
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sun shade
Continuous
Repetition
Concealment
Decoration
Symmetry
ARCH 5605
FALL 2007
50°
40°
Page 94 of 125
DR LOUDEN
Page 95 of 125
Jordan and Josh
renderings
ARCH 5605
FALL 2007
DR LOUDEN
Page 96 of 125
Jordan and Josh
renderings
ARCH 5605
FALL 2007
DR LOUDEN
SOUTH ELEVATION
ERIC RITCHIE
The south side of Austin Street is a diverse collection of buildings representing the
growth of Levelland in the 1930’s. Instead of the entire block being built at once, businesses on
this side of the square were constructed in segments as retail development occurred. This
slower growth led to a very diverse appearance for this façade, expressed in different building
heights, ornamental details and materials. The most architecturally interesting building on this
side is the Levelland State Bank building representing mid-century stylistic influences. The bank
interior has been restored with some modifications to address the needs of the Ricker Law Firm.
Also located on the south side of the square are eight one story retail spaces and a single two
story structure.
My proposal will include methods for unifying the façade while also fostering interest in
the historical character of the square and the town through selection and installation of particular
shops and facilities. By creating a destination for an expanded group of users this proposal will
enhance the economic stability and desirability of the square.
Programmed Facilities:
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Skate Shop
Retail Outdoor Clothing Store
Sporting Goods Rental Facility
Rock Climbing Wall
Levelland Recreation Center
Pet Adoption Center
Levelland Public Library
Page 97 of 125
Facility Program Description
Existing State
All of the buildings on the south side of the square in Levelland are in use now or have
been recently. As part of my proposal I am planning on changing the use of several of
these buildings; this will require some complete demolition and some partial demolition
of existing structures.
Most of these spaces were constructed originally as retail or have been converted to
retail type facilities at some point.
Facility Synthesis
The city of Levelland has a wonderful resource in their courthouse square. By utilizing
the potential of the square Levelland will be able to bring people to the city, not only for
the square but for the rest of town as well.
Goals and Objectives
My goal is to enhance the economic stability and desirability of the square through the
selection and installation of particular shops and facilities.
By bringing specific outdoor types of businesses to the Levelland square my objectives
are to make the square the jumping-off point for bikers, skiers, climbers and other
outdoor activity buffs. This, in combination with area biking and walking programs based
from the square, will serve to make the square not only a stopping point on the road to
the destination but also a destination itself.
In programming the facilities another objective is to make shops available not only for
adults but also for teenagers and children. This incorporation of the family into the
design process allows for maximum flexibility in attraction of different demographic
groups to the square.
Page 98 of 125
Facility Layout
In working with this diverse row of shops I based my layout of the programmed spaces
on the available sizes of spaces and arranged them so that they fit best.
Architectural Precedents
Large outdoor retail stores like REI draw many types of customers because of their
diverse range of merchandise, their indoor activities and their sponsored events.
Because of their reputation for good deals and these properties mentioned above
people will drive quite a long way just to stop at their store.
In a similar fashion, malls operate by pulling people from all over because they alone
house the stores where people want to shop.
Levelland has a unique chance to capture the business of sportsmen and women who
are traveling west. This is one of my primary audiences.
Page 99 of 125
Space Summaries:
Skate Shop
The purpose of this store is to sell roller skates, inline skates and skateboards along
with clothing appropriate to the skating culture. The skate shop will also offer workshops
and lessons.
Adjacent to the shop will be a recreation area designed for skating. This area may be
used as a practice area as well as a teaching area.
Total Square Footage: 3500 s.f.
Occupant Load: 116
Code Requirements:
One male water closet
One female water closet
One water fountain
One service sink
One fire exit (32”)
12 Parking spaces
Programmed Spaces:
Sales Floor: 2000 s.f. (including dressing rooms)
Storage: 1100 s.f. (including custodial storage)
Office: 150 s.f.
Restrooms: 250 s.f
Total Programmed Square Footage: 3500 s.f.
Page 100 of 125
Outdoor Clothing and Rental Facility
The primary business of this shop is the rental of sporting goods. Since Levelland is on
highway 114 west of Lubbock many people pass by on their way to New Mexico and
other recreational sites. While the city is not on the primary route to any particular ski
spot or climbing area it is close enough that it could pull travelers into town if the right
shops were here. This facility is a key part of my program, it facilitates the role of
Levelland as a jumping-off point for western destinations.
The items provided for rental at this facility will include bikes, tents, kayaks, skis and
other outdoor activity equipment. The outdoor clothing store will sell everything from ski
apparel to running clothes to hiking and camping outfits, each in its appropriate season.
Appropriate area will also be dedicated to the administration of the Rock Climbing
Facility adjacent to the rental area.
Occupant Load: 233
Code Requirements:
Three male water closets
Four female water closets
One water fountain
One service sink
two fire exits (total 47”)
24 Parking spaces
Programmed Spaces:
Sales Floor: 2000 s.f. (including dressing rooms)
Rental Area: 1500 s.f.
Rock Climbing Administration: 875 s.f.
Storage: 2150 s.f. (including custodial storage)
Office: 150 s.f.
Restrooms: 325 s.f
Page 101 of 125
Rock Climbing Wall
This rock climbing facility will occupy the lot between the rental facility and the
recreation center. The building on this lot will be demolished with the exception of the
front and rear brick walls; these will remain to provide security.
The rock climbing wall will incorporate sections of varying difficulty: beginner,
intermediate and advanced.
This facility will be operated through the rental facility and will not have street access
except through the rental facility and the recreation center.
Occupant Load: 140
Code Requirements:
Two male water closets (included in rental facility)
Three female water closets (included in rental facility)
11 Parking spaces
Programmed Spaces:
Outdoor Climbing Area: 2100 s.f.
Page 102 of 125
Recreation Center
This two story facility will be a community property with a variety of uses. Most of the
time the ground floor will be equipped with workout and training equipment, however
when recreational events are hosted on the square (e.g. 10k bike trek or 5k run) this
building will serve as the registration center.
The second floor will house offices for community groups some of whom will be
responsible for scheduling recreational events.
Occupant Load 1st Floor: 326
Code Requirements:
Four male water closets
Seven female water closets
One water fountain
One service sink
Two fire exits (totaling 66”)
25 Parking spaces
Occupant Load 2nd Floor: 49
Code Requirements:
Two male water closets (combined with first floor)
Two female water closets (combined with first floor)
One water fountain
20 Parking spaces
Programmed Spaces:
First Floor
Workout Floor: 3400 s.f.
Administration Area: 100 s.f.
Storage: 900 s.f.
Restrooms: 500 s.f
Page 103 of 125
Second Floor
Offices: 4250 s.f. (combined)
Administration Office: 200 s.f.
Meeting Room: 200 s.f.
Restrooms: 250 s.f.
Page 104 of 125
Hockley County Humane Society
Some demolition will be necessary for the construction of this facility. By insetting the
front and rear of the building while leaving the existing walls, privacy is maintained in the
created outdoor areas.
This facility will provide an area for families and individuals to interact with dogs up for
adoption. The purpose of placing it on the square is to encourage the adoption of
sheltered dogs and to encourage the use of the square by dog owners for aerobic
purposes.
This is not an office for the humane society instead it is a showcase for sheltered dogs
to give them a better chance at adoption.
Occupant Load: 116
Code Requirements:
One male water closet
One female water closet
One water fountain
One service sink
12 Parking spaces
Programmed Spaces:
Landscaped Outdoor Kennel: 700 s.f.
Front Office with Play Area: 700 s.f.
Kennel Room: 550 s.f.
Restrooms: 250 s.f
Landscaped Outdoor Play Area: 1000 s.f.
Page 105 of 125
Library
The purpose for relocation the library to this facility is to allow for greater expansion and
to encourage ongoing maintenance of this building in the future.
The purpose of placing the library in with the outdoor exercise theme is to allow the
family yet another option for the smaller children.
Occupant Load: 350
Code Requirements:
Seven male water closets
Seven female water closets
Four water fountains
One service sink
Two fire exits (total 70”)
35 Parking spaces
Programmed Spaces:
Circulation Desk: 400 s.f.
Storage and Administration: 800 s.f.
Computer Terminal Area: 200 s.f.
Fiction and Nonfiction: 2600 s.f.
Children’s Books: 1000 s.f.
Reference Books: 800 s.f. (with tables and chairs)
Restrooms: 600 s.f.
Conference Room: 200 s.f.
Delivery and Storage: 200 s.f.
Page 106 of 125
Contextual Description
The south side of the Levelland courthouse square currently houses eight businesses in
its ten shops. With my proposal I have altered the uses of six of these buildings and
created an overarching theme of spending time outdoors. This theme is ideal for the city
of Levelland and the courthouse square. By attracting customers to one type of shop I
encourage them to visit all the shops on the square and spend time there with their
family or friends.
This attraction is vital to the life of retail shops on the square. If something does not
make the square valuable in the eyes of the residents of Levelland and the surrounding
area then it will fall into disuse and disrepair.
By implementing this outdoor theme I have made my targeted audiences the students of
South Plains College who often go into Lubbock for their entertainment needs, and the
residents of Lubbock, Levelland, Brownfield and other surrounding towns who already
exercise or who want to. In attracting the latter group I am also attracting their families
who will shop while they run or bike.
I propose that in design the exteriors of the buildings change only slightly. This will
preserve the historic look of the courthouse square while still unifying the façade on the
south side.
Page 107 of 125
Page 108 of 125
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Page 113 of 125
WEST ELEVATION
CORY EDWARDS
When approaching possible design solutions for the west façade, it was important to
recognize that architecture is not strictly a discipline of “right” or “wrong,” but rather one about
context. In the case of the town square, there are traditionally three components represented:
residential spaces, centers of commerce, and public gathering spaces. Therefore, the proposal
of a mixed use complex serving as a host for these three components would prove beneficial to
the community.
The existing façade will be maintained as a “cover” for new structure. These proposed
structures will provide for a segregation of the built environment into separate, multifunctional
building clusters. These building clusters represent the three major components of a town
center – residential spaces, centers for commerce, and public gathering spaces. Materials
consisting of brick, concrete, and steel cladding represent the traditional construction types of
the region, and communicate the diversity of the spaces. This proposal is appropriate
contextually to both the existing environment and the needs of Levelland because it meets the
standards of the traditional town square.
Page 114 of 125
Program Summary
A. Existing State
a. Small scale retail / specialty shops
b. Poor Signage
c. Unapparent sense of place
d. Strong sense of historical alteration
e. Use limited to daytime
B. Facility Synthesis
a. To develop a center of commerce whose nightlife is a
destination of many patrons from Lubbock and the surrounding
areas. The facilities shall be accommodating to the lifestyles of
its users and shall celebrate the spirit and charm of West Texas
through the promotion of the arts.
b. To promote local business, facilitate the arts, and increase
density along the west end of town square through the
implementation of unexpected design solutions, the narrowing
and altering of existing traffic lanes and parking, and
arrangement of mixed-used building clusters.
c. Building clusters shall provide 14,000 gsf of rentable office
space, 9,000 gsf of indoor/outdoor restaurant space, 9800 gsf of
retail, 4,000 sf of gallery or readily adaptable space, and 5800
gsf of live/work studio space.
d. To maintain a vision of mixed use through a collage of
materials, styles, and forms. Traffic flows must be reexamined in
order to promote pedestrian use at the human scale.
C. Facility Systems Analysis
a. Design Requirements – Business Cluster
i. Multiple leasing options and configurations
ii. Open floorplan
iii. Reuse of existing structure and cladding
Location of proposed offices, facing southwest
b. Design Requirements – Restaurant and Courtyard
i. Seating for approximately 200
Page 115 of 125
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
Performance stage
Exposed structure
Restoration of existing façade
Sun shading
Lighting and sound rigging
Location of proposed offices, facing southwest
c. Design Requirements – Large Retail and Gallery Space
i. Flexible floor plan
ii. Vaulted ceilings with natural light
iii. Sustainability of materials
Preliminary sketch for proposed gallery facade
Page 116 of 125
d. Design Requirements – Public Restrooms and Circulation
i. ADA accessibility
ii. Vertical Circulation
iii. Indoor / outdoor spaces
iv. Private access for residents
Preliminary sketch for proposed public circulation space
e. Design Requirements – Residential Units
i. Live / work studios
ii. Multilevel
iii. Maximize daylight and views into square
Preliminary sketches for proposed residential units
Page 117 of 125
6.0 CONCLUSION
ThetowncenterofLevelland,TX,wasonceaboomingcenterofcommerceandsocialactivity;it
wastheheartofthecommunity.Bigbusinessandchainretailhavepulledcommerce,leavingthetown
squaremerelyashellofwhatoncewas.Thecommunityhasexpressedgreatinterestinmaintaining
thesefacadesandrestoringthisphysicalmanifestationofthecommunityspirit,butitrequiresa
substantialvisualizationtoencouragetheireffortsandrealizethesquare’sfullpotential.
Wheninterviewed,membersofthecommunityexpressedthattheywouldprefera
towncenterthatwasrestoredtoitsformerstate.Severalcasestudies,suchasGranburyand
Fredericksburg,TXwerebroughtforth.Inthesestudies,historicfabricofthecenterswasmaintained
andcentersoftourismandcommercewerecreatedthroughthepresenceofnumerousspecialtyand
antiqueshops.TheresidentsofLevellandarelookingtopromotea“WestTexasCharm”thatnolonger
existsinthetowncenter.SuchacenterfortourismisnotcurrentlyprevalentintheLubbockregion,and
thisapproachmightprovesuccessful.
Historically,towncentershaveprovidedplacesforcommerce,residences,andpublicgathering.
Notonlywouldthisschemeprovideadestinationforthe“outoftowner,”butwouldalsoprovidespace
fortheeverydaypopulation,suchasstudentsandcityemployees.Thehistoricfacadeswouldbe
maintained,buttoadifferenteffect.Thebuildingswouldnolongerbeuniformandmodularasthey
oncewere,butadiverseclusterofmassesandmaterials,indicativeoftheirdiverseusesandreflective
ofthespiritofchange.
STUDIOMEMBERS(LefttoRight):JordanMussett,AbhilashaShrivastava,AdamEverett,WesMcElhany,CoryEdwards,Dr.
ElizabethLouden,JoshuaAtkins,EricRitchie,RandyWallace.
Page 124 of 125
7.0 REFRENCES
Brasher, Lillian. Hockley County, 1921-1971: The First Fifty Years. Canyon, TX: Stacked
Plains Press, 1976.
From the Heart of Hockley County: Recollections. Levelland, TX: Publisher Unknown.
Hockley County Herald, 10 July 1925.
Levelland News-Press, 29 January 2006.
Wuerflein, Debbie, Main Street Coordinator. Interviews to Abhilasha Shrivastava and Randy
Wallace; also provided historic photographs. 5 Oct 2007; 1 Nov 2007.
Brenham, Texas Online. http://www.brenhamtexas.com/.
City of Levelland Official Website. http://www.ci.levelland.tx.us/.
Georgetown, Texas Online. http://www.georgetown.org/.
Levelland, Texas Detailed Profile. http://www.city-data.com/city/Levelland-Texas.html.
Levelland, Texas Chamber of Commerce. http://levelland.com/.
National Register of Historic Places. http://www.nps.gov/nr/.
Texas Map, 1917. http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/texas_1917.jpg.
The Handbook of Texas Online. http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/.
West Texas Mesonet. http://mesonet.ttu.edu.
Page 125 of 125

SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS FOR LEVELLAND, TX

Transcription

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