History of D4169 - Innovative Technology Conferences

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History of D4169
Bob Fiedler with support from Al McKinlay and Larry Anderson
Health Pack - 6 March 2012
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Presentation
Outline
 Discuss Why We Test
 What Tests You are Using
 Discuss Development of Testing Standards
 Discuss How Environments are Studied and Characterized
 After Lunch We Will Be Updated Where Standards are Going Next
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Testing
Every package is always tested – 100%
Every shipment is a test
The objective of laboratory testing is to be the first one to get
the results
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WhytoLaboratory
Test?
To make better decisions sooner – Is the protective
packaging adequate?
To determine if the package protection is adequate
Product (the sterile barrier and contents) +
Package (transport & handling protection) must =
Hazards of the Distribution Environment (Shock, Vibration,
Compression , Temp etc.)
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PackageClick
Laboratory
Testing
Objectives
Laboratory Testing needs to be repeatable, measurable,
realistic simulations of environmental hazards
Developing predictable laboratory testing protocols is an
ongoing challenge
Capturing and Quantifying constantly changing environmental
conditions
Reproducing hazards with relevant intensities, durations,
orientations and conditions
Correlating laboratory testing protocols with environmental
shipping results
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ClickLaboratory
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title styleIssues
Package
Laboratory testing is always a compromise
Most any test will find 80% of the issues
It is in refining the testing protocols that the last 20% can
be addressed
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What
AreMaster
You Using?
 In-House Test Protocols
 ASTM Tests
 D4169 Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems
 D7386 Performance Testing of Packages for Single Parcel Delivery Systems
 ISTA Tests
 Procedure 1A – Non-Simulation test for Packaged-Products 150 lbs. or Less
 Procedure 3A - General Simulation for Packaged-Products for Parcel Delivery System
Shipments
 Others
 ISO; CEN; Mil Spec; Stair well drop
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ClickIntothe
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 1940’s ASTM developed packaging test Methods: Compression, Drops,
Vibration and Horizontal Impact in Committee D10 of ASTM
 1948 National Safe Transit Committee (NSTC) developed Pre-Shipment
Test Procedures – With Test Intensities
 Prior to 1970, the packaging world was satisfied with a few test methods
(impact, vibration, compression, etc) as the standards for measuring
effectiveness of transport packaging
 Many package designs focused on meeting material specifications Rule
222 and Rule 41 based on carrier requirements
 Each shipper who did any testing had their own criteria for a successful
package test
 There were a few exceptions such as GE and Kodak who had established
corporate specs for transport package performance tests
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The need for
a Performance
Test
Standard …
 In the late 1960s, the ISO Packaging Committee (TC122) began talking
about the need for establishing standards on transport packaging
performance.
 D10 had been previously assigned as the US Technical Advisory Group
(US TAG) for package testing in ISO/TC122/WC3, while ANSI Committee
MH10 was assigned all other packaging related matters.
 Paul Van Gieson was the US rep from D10 who attended ISO meetings on
testing and spoke for the US. He did an excellent job of representing the
US and in transmitting back to D10 in great detail what was happening at
ISO.
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ASTM
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 In early 1971, the ISO package testing subcommittee met and began work
on their package performance standard.
 This information was transmitted by Van Gieson to Bill Newman, chairman
of Committee D10, who subsequently contacted NSTC and learned that
they had no interest in developing performance tests in addition to their 1
and 1A.
 Newman then began to lay the groundwork for D10 to consider this new
addition to their scope.
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ASTM
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 UPS included NSTC test procedures 1A as one of the first package
performance test vs. package material tests
 NSTC changed to NSTA and became a non-profit trade association vs.
private company
 DOT began switching from material specifications to Performance Test
packaging
 Spring of 1973 a task group was formed to develop package performance
specifications with appropriate test levels for representative shipping
conditions
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TaskClick
Group
Founding
 Fred Ostrem (Left) was named Task
Group Leader
 Dunc Godshall (Right) was
Chairman of the D10 Shipping
Container Division and later cochair of the task group
 Other early members of the task
group were Marv Decker, Sergi
Guins, Joe Hubbard, Chester
Gaynes, Dennis Young, and Bob
Fiedler
Summer of 2011
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Work on a D10
Performance
 In 1974 a draft proposal of the ISO working group is circulated to members
of TC122/SC3 including the USA. Some of its basic structure ideas are
adopted by the D10 task group.
 Almost all members of the Shipping Container Division of D10 eventually
get involved in development of an ASTM standard.
 Many long and contentious debates take place for several years, ie. the F
factor for compression testing corrugated packaging. The 4.5 factor for
Assurance Level II was a compromise- members at the time were using
anywhere from 3 to 6.
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1977-1979 …
Data Collection on The Shipping
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Environment
 In 1977 the US Forest Products Lab (FPL) sponsors a research project for
an assessment of available data describing the common carrier
environment.
 Ostrem does the research work on what data is available and, together with
Godshall, they author General Technical Report FPL22 in 1979.
 This report provides the basis for all of the test intensities, etc in D4169.
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Temperature
Recorder
 Bell & Howell Camera 1950’s
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Environmental
Recorders
Mechanical
 Impact Recorders 1950’s -1970’s
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Electronic
Shock
 Mid 1960’s – 1970’s
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Shock
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Vibration
Recorders
 IST EDR-3
Lansmont Saver
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titleReports
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Environmental
Study
 1965
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A Survey
of toEnvironmental
Conditions
 1971
 Fred Ostrem
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FPL
published
in 1979
 FPL 22
 1979
 Fred Ostrem
 Dunc Godshall
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title style1979...
Performance
Test
Proposal
 Since the concept of performance testing and the format of a proposed
ASTM standard are new and different, D10 decides to publish it first as a
proposal.
 Several magazine articles are published in “Package Development &
Systems” to publicize the proposal and encourage packagers to try it out.
 Godshall authors an article explaining the concepts and structure of the
proposed standard.
 Burke and McKinlay of GE write about applying the proposed performance
practice to small appliance packaging by testing for their expected
performance in the lab and then tracking actual shipping results.
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Performance
Test
Approval
1981...
 Finally, after 9 Years of development…..
 A 7th draft of the proposal finally receives approval by Committee D10 in
late 1981, and D4169 is published in August 1982
 Interestingly, work on an ISO proposal for performance testing followed
almost the same time frame and the ISO 4180 package performance
standard was published in the same year as D4169
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Work
D4169
continues...
 The D4169 task group has met at every meeting of D10 since the standard
was approved.
 Improvements, additions, modifications, corrections are constantly
underway.
 Since its approval 30 years ago, 14 approved revisions have been
published- the last in 2009.
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Data Compilation
Process
Example
 Developing Test Intensity Levels
 Based on Environmental Conditions
 Correlated with Field Shipment and Laboratory Results
 Example of Vibration Test PSD Levels
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Vibration
Data
Test
 Vibration Time History – A Sound Track
 Vibration Frequency Analysis – Frequency Spectra v. Amplitude
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Vibration
Frequency
Analysis
 Frequency Spectra v. Amplitude – of Multiple Time Histories
 Averages of Multiple PSD Time Windows
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Summary
Fieldtitle
Studies
 Frequency Spectra from 3 Researchers: Sharpe, Silvers and Schlue
 Truck Frequency Spectra – Summary of Field Recorded PSD Data
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Test
PSD
 ASTM Proposed Truck Assurance Level II Random Frequency Spectra
Frequency Hz
 Truck Frequency Spectra – Summary of Field Recorded PSD Data
PSD
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ISO
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 ASTM Assurance Level II PSD’s Truck, Rail, Air compared to ISO Levels
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Laboratory
Test
Reproduction
 Laboratory Testing Reproduce Time History Test Levels
 Statistically Similar in Frequency and Average Acceleration Levels
 Test Variables:
 Test Duration, Volume and Frequency Distribution
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Summary
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 Discussed Why To Test
 What Tests You are Using
 Discussed Development of Testing Standards
 Discussed How Environments are Studied and Characterized
 After Lunch We Will Be Updated Where Standards are Going Next
 Are There Questions?
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