Program book - Hong Kong Society For Coloproctology!

Transcription

Program book - Hong Kong Society For Coloproctology!
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Diip\g V^d`iodad^ P``odib ja oc` Kjib Njib Vj^d`ot ajm Fjgjkmj^ojgjbt rcd^c rdgg ]`
c`g_ di 5831 ?OCIMIMG 1EMQOE FNO 5ECKQHDCOE :CMCGELEMQ . 1KIMIDCK ?EDHMNKNGT
ja S\h`g\ [jp_` Q`oc`mnjg` H\no`mi Kjnkdo\g2 Kjib Njib ji = Qjq`h]`m 866>4
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di Kjib Njib4 Gm4 Z4 N4 O`pib rdgg nc\m` rdoc pn cdn `sk`md`i^` di pndib F\knpg` ajm
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i`pmj`i_j^mdi` ophjmn di b\nomjdio`nodi\g om\^o4
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`s^`gg`io nfdgg di km`n`iodib oc`dm k\k`m4
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ji^jgjbd^\g jpo^jh`n4
Zkynujx N Dhjib oc` :69 k\od`ion rcj r`m` `imjgg`_ di jpm km`qdjpn m\i_jhdu`_ omd\g ]`or``i
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]t dio`iodji3oj3om`\o kmdi^dkg`4
_kxzryx N Wc` _`hjbm\kcd^ _\o\ ja oc` orj bmjpkn r`m` ^jhk\m\]g`4 Pjm` k\od`ion di oc` jk`i
bmjpk _`q`gjk`_ \_c`ndji3m`g\o`_ ]jr`g j]nomp^odji m`lpdmdib cjnkdo\gdu\odji /^phpg\odq`
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64<?>2 gjb3m\if o`no04
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c`hjmmcjd_jk`st4 Dgg jk`m\odjin r`m` k`majmh`_ jm npk`mqdn`_ ]t \ ndibg` `sk`md`i^`_ nk`^d\gdno
npmb`ji4 S\od`ionx _`hjbm\kcd^n \i_ _`bm`` ja c`hjmmcjd_ r`m` ^jhk\m\]g` ]`or``i orj bmjpkn4
Wc` nk`^d\gdno npmb`ji k`majmh`_ hjm` jk`m\odjin di no\kg` bmjpk /8;5789 qn ?5?=2 kC6468:04 Dgg
`s^`ko ocm`` k\od`ion di no\kg` bmjpk r`m` _dn^c\mb`_ ji oc` n\h` _\t /kC647804 Vo\kg` bmjpk
c\_ hjm` pi\iod^dk\o`_ m`\_hdnndji ]po _d_ ijo m`\^c oc` g`q`g ja ndbidad^\i^` /=5789 qn 75?=2
kC646<04 Kjr`q`m2 no\kg` bmjpk c\_ hjm` DHG \oo`i_`i^` oc\i _d\oc`mht bmjpk /7>5789 qn <5?=2
kC646:<04 U`\njin ja DHG \oo`i_`i^` di^gp_`_ k`m m`^o\g ]g``_dib2 k\di2 \^po` m`o`iodji ja pmdi`
\i_ ^jinodk\odji4 Vo\kg` bmjpk c\_ hjm` kjnojk`m\odq` m`nd_p\g nfdi o\b ]po r\n no\odnod^\ggt
dindbidad^\io /:65789 qn 875?=2 kC46=<04 Vo\kg` bmjpk c\_ ndbidad^\iogt hjm` m`^pmm`i^` /7?5789 qn
:5?=2 kC6466>02 hjm` kjnojk`m\odq` kmjg\kn` /7>5789 qn 75?=2 kB6466670 \i_ hjm` m`jk`m\odji
/785789 qn 75?=2 kC6466=0 ^jhk\m`_ rdoc _d\oc`mht bmjpk4 Di\g nomd^opm` m\o` r\n ndhdg\m di orj
bmjpkn /no\kg`C9 qn _d\oc`mhtC72 kC64:9:04
Qutirzxout N Ejoc no\kg`_ c`hjmmcjd_jk`st \i_ _d\oc`mht c`hjmmcjd_`^ojht r`m` cdbcgt
np^^`nnapg \n \h]pg\ojmt kmj^`_pm`n4 Vo\kg`_ c`hjmmcjd_jk`st dn dia`mdjm oj _d\oc`mht
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Pgiqmwuztj N Li k`majmhdib wom\_dodji\gx g\k\mjn^jkd^ ^jg`^ojht ajm g`ao3nd_`_ ^jgjid^ ophjpmn2
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m`omd`q\g \i_ ^jgjm`^o\g \i\nojhjndn ^\i ]` n\a`gt \^cd`q`_ rdoc oc` pn` ja oc` Wm\in\i\g Hi_jn^jkd^
Rk`m\odjin /WHR0 _`qd^` n`o3pk4
Zkynujx N Wcdn di^dndjig`nn o`^cidlp` diqjgq`n din`modji ja oc` WHR _`qd^` di oc` gjr`m m`^oph
\i_ gphdi\g `som\^odji ja oc` nk`^dh`i qd\ oc` _`qd^`4 Wc` o`^cidlp` dn \kkgd^\]g` oj k\od`ion rdoc
nh\gg ophjpmn /:^h jm g`nn0 di oc` g`ao3nd_`_ ^jgji jm pkk`m m`^oph2 rc`m` om\in\i\g ^jinomp^odji
ja no\kg`_ ^jgjm`^o\g \i\nojhjndn dn dio`i_`_4
_kxzryx N Wc` o`^cidlp` r\n \oo`hko`_ di o`i k\od`ion /h\g`@ a`h\g` :@<0 rdoc h`_d\i \b` ja <<
t`\mn /m\ib`@ ;; v >704 Idq` k\od`ion npaa`m`_ amjh m`^ojndbhjd_ ophjpmn rc`m`\n ajpm k\od`ion
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n^jm`0 r\n 8 /m\ib`@ 8 v 90 _pmdib di3cjnkdo\g no\t di ocdn nh\gg n`md`n4
Qutirzxoutx N Rpm km`gdhdi\mt `sk`md`i^` di_d^\o`n ocdn i`r o`^cidlp` ja di^dndjig`nn `i_j3
g\k\mjn^jkd^ ^jg`^ojht dn a`\nd]g` ajm n`g`^o`_ k\od`ion rdoc g`ao3nd_`_ ^jgjid^ ophjpmn4 Fjhkgd^\odjin
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Oos N Di\nojhjod^ g`\f\b` ajggjrdib gjr \io`mdjm m`n`^odji rdoc ojo\g h`njm`^o\g `s^dndji ^\mmd`n
\ ndbidad^\io hjm]d_dot \i_ hjmo\gdot4 Ejoc gjjk dg`jnojht \i_ gjjk om\inq`mn` ^jgjnojht \m`
^jhhji jkodjin ja _`api^odjidib nojh\ oj m`_p^` oc` n`q`mdot ja \i\nojhjod^ g`\f\b`4 Ojjk
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Zkynujx N P`_d^\g m`^jm_n ja \gg k\od`ion rcj c\_ o`hkjm\mt gjjk dg`jnojht ^jinomp^o`_ rdoc
np]n`lp`io ^gjnpm` ajggjrdib ojo\g h`njm`^o\g `s^dndji ajm ^\m^dijh\ ja m`^oph2 amjh 747??? oj
?4866=2 r`m` m`qd`r`_4 Vojh\ m`g\o`_ hjm]d_dot \ao`m ^jinomp^odji ja gjjk dg`jnojht \i_ hjm]d_dot
\ao`m ^gjnpm` ja dg`jnojht r`m` m`^jm_`_4 Vo\i_\m_ o`^cidlp` ja gjjk dg`jnojht ^jinomp^odji r\n
\_jko`_4 Fji^`midib ^gjnpm` ja gjjk dg`jnojht2 r` mjpodi`gt ^gjn`_ oc` `io`mjojht \ao`m m`q`mn\g
ja oc` kmjsdh\g `q`mo`_ nkjpo4 Vh\gg ]jr`g m`n`^odji r\n jigt m`n`mq`_ ajm ^\n`n rdoc n`q`m`
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_kxzryx N 7<? k\od`ion c\_ gjjk dg`jnojht ^jinomp^o`_ \i_ g\o`m ^gjn`_ amjh 747??? oj ?4866=4
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Qutirzxout N Ojjk dg`jnojht ^jinomp^odji \i_ ^gjnpm` \m` \nnj^d\o`_ rdoc gjr hjm]d_dot4 Z`
oc`m`ajm` ^jiodip` oj \_qj^\o` oc` pn` ja gjjk dg`jnojht \n _`api^odjidib nojh\ \ao`m ojo\g
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Ujpodi` nh\gg ]jr`g m`n`^odji dn kmj]\]gt pii`^`nn\mt _pmdib ^gjnpm` ja dg`jnojht4
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\i_ PUL di oc` km`_d^odji ja _`koc ja ophjm diq\ndji4
Zkynujx N Vdi^` t`\m 866:2 ]joc HXV \i_ PUL \m` pn`_ ajm km`jk`m\odq` gj^\g no\bdib ja ^\ m`^oph
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\i_ PUL r`m` ijo fijri \i_ ij ^jhk\mdnji r\n \oo`hko`_ _pmdib oc` dh\bdib ja di_dqd_p\g
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no\o`n oc\o ^jmm`g\o` r`gg rdoc k\ocjgjbd^\g ij_\g _dn`\n`4
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m`^oph4 Wc`t \m` ^jhkg`h`io\mt oj `\^c joc`m di o`mh ja `\mgt \i_ \_q\i^`_ _dn`\n`4 Wc` q\gp`
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Oos N Vo\kg`_ c\`hjmmcjd_`^ojht dn ]`dib di^m`\ndibgt podgdu`_ ]joc gj^\ggt \i_ rjmg_rd_`4 Wc`
\dh ja ocdn nop_t r\n oj \nn`nn rc`oc`m no\kg`_ c\`hjmmcjd_`^ojht g`\_n oj \it ^c\ib`n di
\ijm`^o\g h\ijh`omt kjno3jk`m\odq`gt4
Zkynujurum~ N Di\gtndn r\n h\_` amjh oc` kmjnk`^odq` _\o\]\n` ^jhkdg`_ ]t oc` Fjgjm`^o\g
W`\h ja oc` G`k\moh`io ja Vpmb`mt2 Nrjib Z\c Kjnkdo\g amjh Dkmdg 866: oj Mpi` 866>4 Dgg k\od`ion
rcj pi_`mr`io no\kg`_ c\`hjmmcjd_`^ojht \i_ ^jhkg`o`_ ]joc \ km`3 \i_ kjno3jk`m\odq`
\ijm`^o\g h\ijh`omt nop_t r`m` di^gp_`_4 Fjhk\mdnji r\n h\_` ^ji^`midib ^c\ib`n di oc` \i\g
km`nnpm` \i_ m`^o\g qjgph` q\md\]g`n4
_kxzryx N Vdsot3ji` k\od`ion pi_`mr`io no\kg`_ c\`hjmmcjd_`^ojht _pmdib oc` nop_t k`mdj_4 G\o\
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h\sdhph nlp``u` km`nnpm`04 U`^o\g qjgph` \o admno pmb` \i_ h\sdhph ojg`m\]g` qjgph` r`m`
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ja Z\g`n Kjnkdo\g2 Kjib Njib VDU2 Fcdi\
\hpkiyo{k N P`o\]jgd^ nti_mjh` /PV0 dn \ ^gpno`m ja h`o\]jgd^ \]ijmh\gdod`n ^jindnodib ja ^`iom\g
j]`ndot2 _tngdkd_`hd\2 _tnbgt^`hd\2 \i_ ctk`mo`indji4 Wcdn \dh ja ocdn nop_t r\n oj _`o`mhdi` oc`
km`q\g`i^` ja PV \hjib Kjib Njib Fcdi`n` k\od`ion pi_`mbjdib `g`^odq` npmb`mt ajm ^jgjm`^o\g
^\i^`m \i_ don dhk\^o ji oc` ncjmo3o`mh ^gdid^\g jpo^jh`n4
Zkynujx N Fjin`^podq` k\od`ion pi_`mbjdib `g`^odq` npmb`mt ajm ^jgjm`^o\g ^\i^`m \o oc` Smdi^`
ja Z\g`n Kjnkdo\g r`m` m`^mpdo`_4 PV r\n _d\bijn`_ \^^jm_dib oj oc` Lio`mi\odji\g Gd\]`o`n
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pndib pidq\md\o` \i_ hpgodq\md\o` \i\gtn`n4
_kxzryx N Idaot3n`q`i k\od`ion r`m` m`^mpdo`_ dioj ocdn nop_t2 ja rcjh 7; /8<49-0 c\_ PV4 Wc`m`
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di_`k`i_`io mdnf a\^ojmn ajm kjnojk`m\odq` ^jhkgd^\odjin4
Qutirzxout N Wc` km`q\g`i^` ja PV \hjib Kjib Njib Fcdi`n` k\od`ion pi_`mbjdib `g`^odq`
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7:
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_d\bijn`4
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k\od`ion rdoc dio`nodi\g op]`m^pgjndn di \ m`bdji\g cjnkdo\g4
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amjh M\ip\mt 7??> oj M\ip\mt 866>4
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^jinodk\odji /76-02 a`q`m /76-0 \i_ \ijm`sd\ /76-04 Wc` _d\bijndn ja dio`nodi\g op]`m^pgjndn r\n
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oc`m\kt4
7;
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Zkynujx N E`or``i Mpgt 866; \i_ Mpi` 866>2 m`^o\g ^\i^`m k\od`ion \oo`i_dib ^gdid^ ajggjr3pk \o
oc` Smdi^` ja Z\g`n Kjnkdo\g r`m` diqdo`_ oj ^jhkg`o` 8 q\gd_\o`_ Fcdi`n` q`mndji HRUWF
lp`nodjii\dm`n@ TOT3F96 \i_ TOT3FU9>4 Dgg diqdo`_ k\od`ion c\_ pi_`mbji` `g`^odq` ^pm\odq`
m`n`^odji `doc`m di oc` ajmh ja ojo\g h`njm`^o\g `s^dndji /WPH0 jm ophjpm3nk`^dad^ h`njm`^o\g `s^dndji
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