Máster Universitario en Sistemas de Información Geográfica y

Transcription

Universidad
Católica Ávila
de
Curso Académico
2014/2015
Planes de Estudio
Máster Universitario en Sistemas de
Información Geográfica y Teledetección
para la planificación y Ordenación
Territorial por la Universidad Católica
“Santa Teresa de Jesús” de Ávila y
Lomonósov Moscow State University
Facultad de Ciencias y Artes
UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DE ÁVILA
Curso 2014-2015
Máster Universitario SIG y Teledetección para la Planificación y Ordenación Territorial
Máster Universitario en Sistemas de Información
Geográfica y Teledetección para la Planificación y
Ordenación Territorial*
Descripción del Título
(*Informe Favorable ANECA 30/06/2014)
Facultad de Adscripción: Facultad de Ciencias y Artes
Denominación del título: Máster Universitario en Sistemas de Información Geográfica para la
Planificación y Ordenación Territorial por la Universidad Católica “Santa Teresa de Jesús” de
Ávila y Lomonósov Moscow State University.
Duración: 1 año.
Número de créditos ECTS totales: 60
Modalidad de Estudio: Semipresencial
Plazas ofertadas en primer curso: 30
Lengua utilizada en el proceso formativo: Inglés
Objetivos
El diseño de los objetivos del Máster parte de los principios sobre gestión medioambiental y desarrollo
sostenible recogidos en numerosos documentos elaborados por organismos internacionales (PNUMA
y Agencia Europea del medio ambiente, principalmente) y nacionales (Estrategia Española de Medio
Ambiente). Además de estas bases, se añaden las exigencias para los títulos oficiales indicadas en la
legislación vigente y desarrollada además en otros documentos de la ANECA y agencias de calidad a
nivel regional. Bajo estas premisas los objetivos propuestos son los siguientes:
– Proporcionar una formación adecuada en los aspectos científicos, técnicos, sociales, económicos y
jurídicos medio ambiente referente a la planificación y la ordenación territorial mediante el uso de
nuevas tecnologías (Sistemas de Información Geográfica y Teledetección). Esto es así porque un
buen profesional, debe poseer una visión multidisciplinar y global de la problemática, enfocada
desde diversos sectores del conocimiento.
– Formar profesionales con una orientación específica, teniendo en cuenta todos los aspectos citados,
hacia la conservación y gestión del medio y los recursos naturales, la producción sostenible de
bienes y servicios, y la planificación y la gestión de la calidad ambiental en las empresas y
administraciones bajo la perspectiva de la sostenibilidad.
– Dotar a los futuros profesionales de los conocimientos, técnicas y herramientas prácticas necesarias
para la investigación científica y la aportación de soluciones innovadoras que contribuyan al
desarrollo sostenible.
Perfil del alumno
El perfil de ingreso al Máster es para una persona que esté en posesión de algún título universitario
relacionado con las ramas de ingeniero, ingeniero técnico, licenciado o graduado en ciencias de la
tierra (ingenieros forestales, ingenieros agrónomos, ingenieros civiles, ingenieros de minas, ingenieros
aeronáuticos, arquitectos, topógrafos, geógrafos, geólogos, biólogos) con conocimientos de gestión y
planificación del medio natural, y adecuadas bases matemáticas y científicas sobre la observación de la
tierra y manejo del territorio. Los alumnos deben tener reconocido el nivel B2 de Inglés.
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Curso 2014-2015
Requisitos Específicos de Acceso
Los admitidos deberán estar en posesión de algún título universitario relacionado con las ramas de
ciencias de la tierra. En concreto deberán ser ingeniero, ingeniero técnico, licenciado o graduado en:
Ingeniería forestal; Ingeniería agronómica; Ingeniería civil; Ingeniería de minas; Ingeniería
aeronáutica; Arquitectura; Topografía; Geografía; Geología o Biología.
Dirección del Máster
Director:
Prof. Dr. D. Javier Velázquez Saornil
Email: [email protected]
Tel. 920 251 020 – extensión: 161
Coordinación del Máster
Coordinador: Prof. D. Javier Gutiérrez Velayos
Tel. 920 251 020 – extensión: 214
Secretaría del Máster
Secretaría:
Dña. Belén Vaquero Romero
Tel. 920 35 20 67
Estructura del Plan de Estudios
TIPO DE MATERIA
Formación básica
Obligatorias
Optativas
CRÉDITOS ECTS TOTALES
CRÉDITOS ECTS
---
Asignaturas
Trabajo Fin de Máster
---
48
12
60
3
Curso 2014-2015
Plan de Estudios y ECTS
Denominación de los Módulos y Asignaturas
Código
Módulo I: GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND G.I.S. (15 ECTS)
Créditos
ECTS
10101MS
Spatial data and Geo data
3
10103MS
Data management and Basics of geodata handling
3
10102MS
10104MS
10105MS
Analysis of spatial data and Goprocessing
Geostatistics, spatial correlation and autocorrelation
Operations and Statistics
3
3
Módulo II: REMOTE SENSING (14 ECTS)
3
20101MS
Image Preprocessing
3
20103MS
Digital Analysis in Remote Sensing
4
10106MS
Código
20102MS
20104MS
Código
Planning and Management
3
Image Analysis
Analising Multispectral Imagery
3
4
Módulo III: APPLICATIONS G.I.S. AND REMOTE SENSING FOR LANDSCAPE PLANNING (14 ECTS)
30101MS
Ecological Processes in Landscape
3
30103MS
G.I.S. tools fon Lanscape Metrics
4
30102MS
30104MS
Código
40101MS
40102MS
Assessment of Landscape natural Resources and Senitivity and Resilence
Analysis of Habitat Connectivity and Fragmentation
3
Módulo IV: G.I.S. AND R. SENSING RESEARCH (14 ECTS)
4
Research Tools
2
Master’s Thesis
12
Descriptores de las Asignaturas
1. Spatial data and Geodata
Idea and Components of GIS: GIS consists of Hardware, Software, data and the user. Only if everything
fits to each other, the system runs optimal. A pyramid symbolizes the main importance of the data,
which are the most dynamic component. Overview about the development of GIS and its fields of
application: Beginning of GIS development in landscape ecology; applications in transport, energy
sector, building, tourism etc. present state of GIS applications. Introduction to spatial data: What kind
of spatial data exist, how can elements show a spatial dimension. Besides the classical positioning by
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Curso 2014-2015
coordinates, elements can be positioned by street numbers, area codes or geographic areas. Geodetic
principles and spatial reference of elements: Reference systems, Coordination systems, transformation
methods, overview about positioning. Geo data: Geo data consists of positioning information, content
and size/form. We learnt about positioning, but how can content and form coupled to the position?
There are vector data and raster data, how are they organized, what are the pros and cons to these
both data formats. Introduction to GIS Software: What features are available in ArcGIS, which settings
must be done before start working, how can data imported into the program, how can they displayed.
2. Analysis of spatial data and Geoprocessing
Analysis of spatial data: Spatial data can be analyzed in different ways, e.g.; regarding their position:
what natural features occur at position x/y? where do we find soil feature x/y? regarding their
content: display all biotopes, which are suitable as habitats for species x/y! regarding there form and
size: select all elements with an area bigger as 100 ha. Basics in cartographic layout: Which features
belong to a complete layout, how must they be arranged, what to do, if the content is too much to
display properly due to the scale of the data, what is the difference between thematic and cartographic
maps. Geoprocessing: Working with geodata and creating new information by manipulating data:
thematically, by size and form. Working with attribute tables: Manipulating data by editing attribute
tables. Metadata: Metadata (“data about data”) are most important to transfer GIS-Projects from one
user to another, e.g. contractor to client.GIS application in landscape planning, introduction to different
toolboxes for landscape planning tasks
3. Data Management and Basics of Geodata Handling
Basics of geodata handling: Overview about the AMAP principle of geospatial data handling
(acquisition, management, analysis, presentation). Practical task 1 comprises introduction to ArcGIS,
ArcCatalog and toolboxes, data integration, data management and basic data visualization. Data
sources and input: Overview of data sources, data acquisition and data characteristics. What are
geodata and where do they come from? What do I need geodata to look like for GIS?. Practical task 2
comprises data preparation, basic data processing, data editing and data export. Reference systems:
Characterization of geographical and projected reference systems, their practical application and their
differences. Practical task 3 comprises reference system definition, transformation of reference
systems and georeferencing of data. Basics of geometric and topologic operations: Geometric and
topologic operations are fundamental to any vectorial GIS analysis. Practical task 4 comprises related
geoprocessing methods like buffering, intersecting, merging, union and dissolving of geodata.
4. Geostatistics, spatial correlation and autocorrelation
Data management and visualization: Vector data are characterized by geometry, topology, dynamics
and topic. The lecture gives and overview how all these geoobject characteristics are stored and
managed in databases. Practical task 5 comprises development of Entity-Relationship-diagrams and
data handling and processing in geodatabases. Data visualization I: Overview about principles of
geodata visualization and map making. Practical task 6 comprises automated data processing and map
making. Data visualization II: Introduction to web mapping and HTML. Practical task 7 comprises the
construction of a simple HTML-based website with integration of a web map. Geostatistics and spatial
autocorrelation: Overview about the aggregation and disaggregation of geodata and about the
phenomenon and measures of spatial autocorrelation. Practical task 8 comprises the integration of
vector and raster data through aggregation, disaggregation and calculation of spatial autocorrelation.
Interpolation: Overview about spatial interpolation methods like Inverse Distance Weighting and
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Curso 2014-2015
Kriging. Practical task 9 comprises the integration of vector and raster data by interpolating. Web Map
Services and QuantumGIS: Overview about web feature services. Differences between ArcGIS and
QuantumGIS. Practical task 10 comprises an introduction to QuantumGIS and usage of web feature
services.
5. Raster: Operations and Statistics
The raster format: Single band and multiband raster. Raster tools introduction. Raster layers formats.
Histograms and properties. Vectorial-raster tool conversion. Raster Operations and Statistics (Spatial
Analyst): Raster Operations. Reclassifications. Layers and statistics summary. Digital Terrain Models
Analysis (3D - Analyst): Digital Terrain Models (DTMs), creation and properties. Surface analysis:
slope, aspect, insolation, hillshade, shadows, viewshed.
6. Planning and Management
Planning and Management in Protected Areas: Optimization of natural resources. Calculation of
distances: Euclidian distance. Planning and management of the natural resources using the optimal
Euclidian distance. Hydrological Applications ( ArcGIS Hydrology ): Tools hydrology. Basin and
watershed analysis. Soil loss (erosion) and flow. Continuing Map Generation Environmental Variables:
Spatial interpolation. Application of statistical models . Generating maps of environmental
variables.Analysis and Image Classification: Unsupervised methods, clustering method. Supervised
classification methods. Generating Models and 3D views (ArcScene): Model Builder (automated
processes generation).
7. Image pre-processing
Introduction to remote sensing: The concept of remote sensing. Brief history of remote sensing.
Advantages and limitations of remote sensing. Physical principles of remote sensing: Electromagnetic
radiation principles. Electromagnetic spectrum. Energy propagation and interaction with atmosphere
and matter. Concept of spectral signature. Spectral library. Home task 1: Description and analysis of the
spectral signatures of water, snow, bare ground and vegetation. Remote sensing platforms: Satellite
platforms. Aircrafts. Ground-based (proximal sensing). UAV. Home task 2: Advantages and
disadvantages of sensor platforms. Passive and active sensors. Main remote sensing missions: Medium
resolution satellites (Landsat MSS TM and ETM; SPOT, IRS, JERS, Envisat, Terra). Very high resolution
sensors (QuickBird, IKONOS, WorldView, Ultracam). Radar sensors (ERS, ALOS). Hyperspectral
sensors (Hyperion, AVIRIS, CASI). LiDAR sensors. Home task 3: Comparison three remote sensors.
Potential applications. A closer look at remotely sensed image data: Format of remotely sensed image
data. Spatial resolution. Spectral resolution. Radiometric resolution. Temporal resolution. Home task 4:
Hands-on training: comparison of SPOT, IKONOS and UltraCam image data properties. Image preprocessing: Radiometric correction. Geometric correction. Home task 5: Hands-on training: Image
geometric correction. Image enhancement and band transformations: False and true color views.
Contrast enhancement. Spatial filtering. Texture analysis. Spectral Indices. Data fusion. Home task 6:
Hands-on training: Selection of band combinations for urban and vegetation mapping. Application of
Low pass, High pass and Directional filters.
8. Image Analysis
Image Analysis I – Measurement of biophysical parameters: Vegetation indices. Principal Component
Analysis. Data transformations (Tasseled Cap, IHS). Home task 7: Hands-on training: Using NDVI to
estimate Plant Projective Cover (PPC) from remotely sensed data. Image Analysis II – Image
classification based on pixels’ information: Principles of pixel-based image classification. Pixel-based
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Curso 2014-2015
supervised and unsupervised classification techniques. Home task 8: Hands-on training: Mapping land
covers from Landsat ETM data. Image Analysis III – Image classification based on objects’ information:
Principles of object-based image analysis (OBIA). Image segmentation. Object-based features. Objectbased classification. Home task 9: Hands-on training: Mapping impervious surface from aerial
photography. Image Analysis IV – Multi-temporal analysis: Image co-registration. Radiometric intercalibration. Change detection techniques. Home task 10: Hands-on training: Forest fires detection.
Image Analysis V – Accuracy assessment: Sources of error. Validation data requisites. Accuracy
assessment of a quantitative map. Accuracy assessment of a thematic map. Error matrix. Overall
accuracy. Home task 11: Quantity disagreement and allocation disagreement for accuracy assessment.
Remote sensing as a tool for landscape planning: Remote sensing applications (management of natural
protected areas, fire risk management, urban planning, riparian forest monitoring, etc.)
9. Digital Analysis in Remote Sensing
Digital Analysis in Remote Sensing in territorial planning: Theoretical and methodical foundations of
remote sensing for structure and dynamics of landscape cover, plant and soil cover as well as land use.
Peculiarities and limitations of using remote sensing methods. The role of remote sensing in territorial
planning, forest and agriculture management etc. The most famous projects of mapping structure and
dynamics of landscape cover (Global land cover, CORINE land cover, WELD etc.). Main stages of
development of remote sensing application in landscape indication. Thematic web-services based on
satellite data. Stages of thematic image interpretation. Software for visual and digital image
interpretation: open source (GRASS, SAGA, MultiSpec etc.) and commercial (ERDAS, ENVI, IDRISI etc.)
software. Sources and Characteristics of Remote Sensing Image Data: Multichannel scanner images
LANDSAT, Envisat, ALOS, SPOT, IRS etc. Hyperspectral images MODIS, ASTER, HIPERION. Highresolution images Ikonos, Quickbird, WorldView etc. Opportunities provided by radar images
RadarSat, LIDAR, Electronic archives and catalogues of images. Navigation systems Google Earth,
NASA WorldWind etc.
10. Analysing Multispectral Imagery
Preprocessing of Multispectral Imagery: Stages of image preparation for analysis. Geometrical and
radiometric corrections. Synthesis of composite images. Diversity of spectral images (NDVI, LMI, EVI
etc.), their physical sense and information for various purposes. Reduction of dimensionality (principal
components analysis, Kauth’s Tasseled Cap). Methods of visual deciphering and landscape
interpretation of remote sensing data: Principal strategies and stages of visual thematic interpretation
in field and laboratory. Deciphering direct (simple and complex) and indirect attributes: their
significance depending on image scale and purposes of research. Main types of landscape pattern and
dynamics indicators: their application depending on purposes and scale of research. Technological
schemes of landscape interpretation of remote data in GIS. Interpretation of natural, naturalanthropogenic and anthropogenic processes in various zonal landscape types. Allocation of field
sample plots based on deciphering results. Peculiarities of visual interpretation of structure and
dynamics of plain and mountainous landscapes. Experience of visual interpretation of landscapes
patterns in various heterogeneous regions. Methods of digital deciphering and landscape
interpretation of remote sensing data: Foundations of computer interpretation of remote sensing data.
Supervised and unsupervised classification. Comparison of various classification algorithms using
statistical and data mining methods. Grounds for optimum detail of classification and evaluation of its
uncertainty. Interpretation of classes’ content. Measurement of landscape diversity based on remote
sensing data: Notion of landscape diversity and principles of its measurement based on remote data.
Metrics for landscape diversity. Landscapes-classes-patches in FragStats software.
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11. Ecological processes in landscape
Subject and purposes of landscape planning: Natural and administrative units. Preservation of
landscape ecological functions. Solution of land use conflicts. Elaboration of measures to adapt land
use to landscape pattern. Territorial, regional and landscape planning. Theoretical foundations in
landscape ecology and physical geography: Landscape. Landscape ecology. Hierarchy. Landscape
components. Intercomponent relations. Landscape functions and processes. Landscape structure and
pattern. Resilience, resistance, stability, sustainability. Co-evolution of man and nature. Landscape
architecture, landscape design and landscape planning: comparison of approaches. Ecological
standardization. Landscape pattern: Approaches to identification of landscape spatial pattern. Concept
of landscape morphological structure. Matrix-patch-corridor model. Concept of nuclear systems.
Probabilistic approach. Concept of multistructure landscape organization. Concept of epifacies.
Landscape-geochemical systems. Geographical fields. Ecological processes in landscape: Significance
criteria for landscape components. Landscape self-development, self-regulation and self –organization.
Biological turnover. Water cycle. Matter and energy balance equations. Lateral interactions in
landscape:. Matter and energy flows in a landscape. Types of matter transfer: biotic, abiotic.
Information transfer (signal interactions). Hierarchy of flows. Influence zone of landscape units
(forest – clearcutting, forest – field, ravine - field, streamflow – floodplain etc.). Risk of destructive
geomophological processes and influence on adjusting landscape units. Migration routs. Core
elements, transport elements, barrier elements of landscape structure. Barrier and buffer functions of
landscape units in relation to matter flows. Landscape unit (patch) as a refuge for living nature in the
context of a matrix. Assessment of landscape natural resources: Resources – significance and
consumption demand. Ranging priorities for resource exploitation. Economic efficiency and ecological
safety. Sustainable development principles. Present-day state of landscape components. Resource and
area accessibility. Assessment of landscape sensitivity and resilience: Anthropogenic and natural
disturbance factors. Vulnerability of landscape units. Stability of physical environment. Stability of
ecotope. Factors of resistance in relation to destructive geomorphological processes, grazing strains,
chemical loads. Self-purification capacity. Technobiogeom concept. Biota sensitivity on ecotones and
areal margines.
12. Assessment of landscape natural resources and sensitivity and resilience
Geographical analysis of landscape position: Concept of physical-geographical regionalization.
Typology of natural landscapes. Typology of anthropogenic landscapes. Representative, typical, rare,
unique landscapes. Requirements for preservation of unique and rare landscapes. Position of
landscape unit in a catchment, in a river basin. Assessment of functional role of landscape unit in a
river basin (matter dispersion, transit, accumulation). Land use conflicts: Multifunctionality of
landscape. Ecosystem services. Geoecological, bioecological, anthropoecological, technological
approaches to landscape management. Natural resource potential. Norms of resource exploitation.
Concepts of allowable loads and allowable landscape changes. Types of land use conflicts. Conflicts
between desired quality of environment and present-day state. Conflicts between land users. Conflicts
between planners and local communities. Compensation of economic losses. Economic benefits from
nature protection. Compatibility of land use types. Spatial organization of land use: Protection regimes
for key linear and patch elements of a landscape: divides, slope edge, small catchment, toeslope,
Water-protecting strips. Soil-protecting forests and meadows. Field-protecting forest strips. Ecotones
with high biodiversity value. Distribution of anthropogenic loads in concordance with dynamic state
and of landscape unit. Forest landscape mosaics – prerequisite for regulation of water flow regime.
Optimal distribution of forests within river basin. Optimal forest coverage. Compensatory functions of
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Curso 2014-2015
landscape unit. Landscape mosaics – prerequisite for habitat diversity. Fragmentation and
connectivity. Measures of landscape diversity. Area/Perimeter ratio. Edge effects for living nature and
agriculture. Size of habitat for viable populations. SLOSS problem (single large or several small).
Landscape mosaics – protection from dust storms. Experience of windbelts design in steppes:
regulation of microclimate, runoff, groundwater, snow accumulation, biodiversity, geomorphological
processes. Landscape adaptive agriculture. Allowable location, size and orientation of disturbance
patches and protective elements within landforms. Correspondence between requirements of runoff,
biodiversity and economic activity for mosaic landscape structure. Potential for recovery. Landscape
restoration. Landscape planning procedure: Objectives of regional development: conservation, limited
utililization, intensive utilization, restoration, rehabilitation. Hierarchy of landscape planning
procedure. Information sources: topographic and thematic maps, aerial photos, space images, forest
and land inventory, population census data, chemical loads etc. Requirements for data accuracy, scale
and time relevancy. Landscape program and landscape plan. Hierarchy of landscape units and
hierarchy of landscape planning. Objectives of landscape management at each hierarchical level of
landscape organization and administrative framework. Functional zoning. Comparison of development
scenarios. Landscape planning maps. Review of landscape planning practice: Territorial integrated
schemes of nature protection. Econet in the Baltic states. Landscape adaptive agriculture. Dokuchaev’s
experiment. Land reclamation. Baikal region plan. Model forests in Canada, Finland, Russia. Landscape
planning experience in Germany, Slovakia (LANDEP methodology), Netherlands, Denmark, USA, Spain,
UK etc. Choice of the best region-specific land use practice. Legal regulations of land use: UN
declarations. Nature protection regulations. Forest regulations. Water regulations. Land regulations.
International conventions. Urban development regulations. Ecological expertise. Ecological audit.
Environment impact assessment.
13. GIS tools for landscape metrics
Introduction to the theory of landscape structure and landscape metrics: Presentation of the idea and
development of landscape metrics, the importance of scale and restrictions of landscape metrics.
Introduction of common landscape metrics. Introduction to simple GIS tools for landscape metrics:
Overview of different possibilities to apply landscape metrics by using common GIS tools and
statistics. Introduction to advanced GIS tools for landscape metrics: Introduction of the Patch analysts
and further extensions for the use of landscape metrics. Discussion of landscape planning related
problems to be solved with landscape metrics: What typical landscape planning related question can
be answered by using landscape metrics. Overview about existing applications of landscape metrics in
landscape planning. Preparatory data processing and specific tools for landscape metrics (vector
data): How to prepare geodata for the application of landscape metrics, which tools are helpful to
create a proper vector data set?. Preparatory data processing and specific tools for landscape metrics
(raster data): How to prepare geodata for the application of landscape metrics, which tools are helpful
to create a proper raster data set?
14. Analysis of habitat connectivity and fragmentation
Analysis of habitat connectivity: Introduction to the concept of biotope integration and selected
metrics for this task. Analysis of landscape fragmentation: Introduction of different methods to specify
fragmentation of the landscape, e.g. Landscape division, splitting index, and effective mesh size.
Analysis of biodiversity: Introduction to the concept of biodiversity and overview about correlation
between landscape structure and biodiversity. Analysis of landscape esthetics: Introduction to
landscape esthetics and methods to calculate landscape richness and characteristics. Further
applications of landscape metrics in landscape planning: Overview about further existing and
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Curso 2014-2015
theoretical applications of landscape metrics in landscape planning. Outlook: Will landscape metrics
become the standard methods to be used in landscape planning or is the use limited.
15. Research on GIS and Remote Sensing
Principles of basic research´s tools:La asignatura, de orientación eminentemente práctica, se
encuentra estrechamente relacionada con la elaboración, al final de los estudios de Máster, del Trabajo
de Fin de Máster.
16. Master´s thesis
El Trabajo Fin de Máster supone la realización por parte del estudiante de un proyecto, memoria o
estudio original e individual, bajo la supervisión de un tutor, en el que se integren y desarrollen los
conocimientos y las competencias definidas en el Máster.
El Trabajo deberá estar orientado a la aplicación de las competencias generales asociadas a la
titulación, de forma que se permita evaluar los conocimientos y las capacidades genéricas adquiridas
por el estudiante en las áreas de conocimiento del Máster, teniendo en cuenta el carácter especializado
del título y su orientación investigadora.
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Máster Universitario en Sistemas de Información Geográfica y

Transcription

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