Sample - Latin Pulse Music

 NopianisthasplayedonmorerecordsthatallofpostrevolutionaryCubasangalong
withthanPupy.Andatthesametime,he'sadirectlinktothatgoldenageofArsenio
andChappotín. Ned Sublette author of Cuba and Its Music: From the First Drums to the Mambo ElmododeinterpretardePupyPedrosoconstituyeelcrossoverentrelamúsicabailable
contemporaneacubanaylosesquemastradicionalesheredadosdelosgrandes
pianistassonerosdeloscincuentas,enparticular,desupadre,Nené,quienfueraunade
lasluminariasdelaépoca.Suestiloinovador,sutalentoparacomponeryorquestary
susagacidadparalograrlapreferenciapúblicaenunpaístancompetitivocomoCuba,
losituanenunodeloslugaresmasdestacadosdelambientemusicaldelosúltimos
cuarentaanos.DefinitivamentePupy,juntoaJoséLuis“Changuito”QuintanayJuan
Formell,formapartedelnucleogeneradordelsonidoVanVan,queportantotiempoha
satisfecholasexigenciasdelos“casineros”maspuristas.
Juan de Marcos composer, tresero, leader of The Afro‐Cuban All‐Stars Pupy,esposeedordeunestilopeculiaralahoradetocarelpiano,tumbaosdegran
fuerzacargadosdeunestilosoneroindiscutiblehacendePupyunodelospianistasde
Sonmasimportantesdelosúltimosaños.”
Adalberto Álvarez pianist, composer, founder of Son 14 and Adalberto Álvarez y su Son IndiscutiblementeCésar,Pupy,Pedrosoesunodelosgrandespianistasdelamúsica
cubanadetodoslostiempos.Sunombrepuedeocuparunmerecidolugarjuntoalde
Luis‘Lilí’MartínezGriñánoAntonioMaríaRomeu,puesaligualqueelloshicieron
anteriormente,éltambiéntransformólasonoridaddelpianodentrodelas
proyeccionesestéticaspordondecursabalamásauténticacubanía.Suexcelente
dominioymanejodelasmáslegítimastradicionessonerashacenquesus‘tumbaos’,
pormuymodernosquenospuedanparecerensuconcepciónarmónica,seencuentren
enraizadosenaquellosmodelosclásicosquenacieronhacemásdecienañosenla
montañosaregióndelaSierraMaestra.
PortantofelicitolaideadeKevinMooredeescribirestelibrosobrePupyysufabulosa
carreraartísticadentrodelamúsicacubana.
Dr. Olavo Alén Rodríguez author of From Afro‐Cuban Music to Salsa, former director of CIDMUC, Havana, Cuba Volume10of‘BeyondSalsaPiano’isanindispensableresourceforanymodernLatin
pianist.KevinMooreisgivingcontemporarypianistsaninvaluableresource.The
“BeyondSalsaPiano”seriesshouldbeoneverypianist’swish‐list.
Dr. Paul de Castro pianist, composer, arranger, Professor of Music at California State University, Los Angeles ThehistoryofCubanpianocannotbefullywrittenwithoutacknowledgingthe
signaturestyleofCésar‘Pupy’Pedroso.Notonlydidhemanagetocarveauniqueplace
forhimselfinthesingle‐mostinfluentialpopularensembleofthepost‐modernerain
Cubanmusic(LosVanVan),hisinstantlyrecognizableapproachinformedanentire
generationofpianistsonandofftheisland.Hiscompositionalandarrangingtechnique
wouldalsoremainfirmlyembeddedintheLosVanVanrepertoireevenfollowinghis
departure.Manyofhistuneswouldbecomemajorhitsfortheband,asignofhisability
toshineinaterritoryoftendominatedbymorewellknownfiguresinpopulardance
music.Alloftheseaccoladesaside,Pupyisalsooneofthemostwarm,genuineand
humblepeopleIeverhadthepleasuretomeetinmyjourneyasamusician.Hisunique
styleonpianowaswhatfirstintriguedmeuponhearingmyfirstLosVanVantunes:
whatwerethoseweirdkeyboardshewasplayingandwhywashethrowinginsomany
diminishedchords?!Iwassimultaneouslyperplexedandmotivated;Ihadtoknowmore
aboutthismanandhisapproachthat,clearly,wasamajordeparturefromthe
standardpianotechniqueestablishedbyhispredecessors,includingLuisMartínez
Griñán(Lilí),PedroJustiz(Peruchín),FrankEmilioandothers.Afteryearsoflistening
torecordingsandimitatinghisstyle,Ifinallyhadthefortunetoseeandhearhimlive
withLosVanVanin1990–bythenhehad‘graduated’toaslightlymoresophisticated
keyboardrig(thankgoodness).AndwhatIobservedwasamansosecureinhisown
pianisticvocabularythatthehoardsofadoring(andhip‐gyrating)fanswereno
distractiontohiscompletefocusandpassionforthemusic.Pupy’sroleasabandleader
wouldcomemuchlater,alongwiththedauntingtaskofgoingupagainstsomeof
Cuba’smostadoredandsuccessfulbands.Butnomatter,Pupymadeitcleartothe
dance‐lovingpublicthathewasstilltheretoservethem,asisevidentinthenamehe
choseforhisband:LosQueSonSon.Overtheyearswehaveseenastylisticevolutionin
Cubanpianotechniquethathastrulybeentheresultofmajorchanges–largely
rhythmicaswellasharmonic–andattheheartofthisinnovationisamanwhohas
stayedtruetohisroots:César“Pupy”Pedroso.
Rebeca Mauleón composer, pianist, author of 101 Montunos, Salsa Guidebook WhenIsawPupyyLosQueSonSonatYoshi’sin2010,Ihadonereaction:“Itjust
doesn’tgetanybetterthanthis.”ThankyouPupy.
Bill Martínez producer, immigration attorney BEYOND SALSA PIANO THE CUBAN TIMBA PIANO REVOLUTION VOLUME 11 • César “Pupy” Pedroso The Music of Los Van Van • Part 2 KEVIN MOORE audio and video companion products available at www.timba.com/piano REVISION 1.0 ©2011 BY KEVIN MOORE SANTA CRUZ, CA ALL RIGHTS RESERVED No part of this publication may be reproduced in whole or in part, or stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording or otherwise, without written permission of the author. ISBN‐10: 1460965426 ISBN‐13/EAN‐13: 978‐1460965429 www.timba.com/clave www.timba.com/piano www.timba.com/audio www.timba.com/percussion www.timba.com/bass www.timba.com/bongo www.timba.com/users/7 [email protected] [email protected]
Table of Contents Introduction to The Beyond Salsa Series ............................................................................................. 11 How the Series is Organized and Sold .......................................................................................... 11 Book ......................................................................................................................................... 11 Audio ........................................................................................................................................ 11 Video ........................................................................................................................................ 12 Beyond Salsa Piano .......................................................................................................................... 12 Beyond Salsa Percussion .................................................................................................................. 13 Understanding Clave and Clave Changes ......................................................................................... 13 Beyond Salsa Bass ............................................................................................................................ 14 Beyond Salsa Bongó ......................................................................................................................... 14 Timba Bloque and Gear Exercises for Ensemble .............................................................................. 14 How to Get The Most From This Book ................................................................................................. 15 Introduction to Volume 11 ................................................................................................................... 18 An Overview of Los Van Van’s Music ............................................................................................... 19 Period I: Changüí‐68 ..................................................................................................................... 20 Period II: The Birth of Songo ........................................................................................................ 20 Period III: Transition ..................................................................................................................... 22 Period IV: The 1980s .................................................................................................................... 23 Pupy’s Compositions – Updated as of 2011 ......................................................................................... 24 Chapter 1: Los Van Van – Anda muévete y ven (1984) ........................................................................ 26 Pupy’s Compositions ........................................................................................................................ 27 Será que se acabó ........................................................................................................................ 27 Será que se acabó 1 – Audio Tracks 1 & 2 ................................................................................ 27 5 Será que se acabó 2 – Audio Tracks 3 & 4 ................................................................................ 28 Será que se acabó 3 – Audio Tracks 5 & 6 ................................................................................ 28 Será que se acabó 4 – Audio Tracks 7 & 8 ................................................................................ 29 Habla claro camará ...................................................................................................................... 30 Habla claro camará 1 – Audio Tracks 9 & 10 ........................................................................... 30 Habla claro camará 2 – Audio Tracks 11 & 12 ......................................................................... 31 Piano Tumbaos From Other Songs on Anda muévete y ven ............................................................ 32 La Habana no aguanta más ......................................................................................................... 32 La Habana no aguanta más – Audio Tracks 13 & 14 ............................................................... 32 Anda ven y muévete ..................................................................................................................... 33 Anda ven y muévete 1 – Audio Tracks 15 & 16 ........................................................................ 33 Anda ven y muévete 2 – Audio Tracks 17 & 18 ........................................................................ 34 Y qué tú crees ............................................................................................................................... 35 Y qué tú crees– Audio Tracks 19 & 20 ...................................................................................... 35 El danzonete ................................................................................................................................. 36 El danzonete 1 – Audio Tracks 21 & 22 .................................................................................... 37 El danzonete 2 – Audio Tracks 23 & 24 .................................................................................... 38 Artesano del espacio .................................................................................................................... 39 Artesano del espacio 1 – Audio Tracks 25 & 26 ....................................................................... 39 Artesano del espacio 2 – Audio Tracks 27 & 28 ....................................................................... 40 Sidebar: A Note on Tempos ............................................................................................................. 40 Chapter 2: Los Van Van – La Habana sí (1985) .................................................................................... 41 Pupy’s Compositions ........................................................................................................................ 41 El buenagente .............................................................................................................................. 41 6 El buenagente – main tumbao – Audio Tracks 29 & 30 ........................................................... 42 El buenagente – Full Arrangement........................................................................................... 43 Sidebar: Chord Symbols, Charts and Controlled Improvisation ....................................................... 43 Chart 1: El buenagente – Lead sheet ....................................................................................... 48 Chart 2: El buenagente – Audio Tracks 31 & 32 – (16th note notation) ................................... 50 Chart 3: El buenagente – Audio Tracks 31 & 32 – (8th note notation) ..................................... 60 La duda de Belén .......................................................................................................................... 70 La duda de Belén – Audio Tracks 33 & 34 ................................................................................ 70 Piano Tumbaos From Other Songs on La Habana sí ........................................................................ 71 Se muere la tía .............................................................................................................................. 71 Se muere la tía 1 – Audio Tracks 35 & 36 ................................................................................. 71 Se muere la tía 2 – Audio Tracks 37 & 38 ................................................................................. 72 Sidebar: Influences on Cuban Music in the 1980s ........................................................................... 73 Quien bien te quiere te hará llorar ............................................................................................... 73 Quien bien te quiere te hará llorar 1 – Audio Tracks 39 & 40 .................................................. 75 Quien bien te quiere te hará llorar 2 – Audio Tracks 41 & 42 .................................................. 76 Quien bien te quiere te hará llorar 3a – Audio Tracks 43 & 44 ................................................ 76 Quien bien te quiere te hará llorar 3b – Audio Tracks 45 & 46 ................................................ 77 Quien bien te quiere te hará llorar 3c – Audio Tracks 47 & 48 ................................................ 77 Chap. 3: Los Van Van, Vol. 11: Eso que anda (1986) ............................................................................ 78 Pupy’s Compositions ........................................................................................................................ 79 Si quieres que llegue pronto ......................................................................................................... 79 Si quieres que llegue pronto – Audio Tracks 49 & 50 ............................................................... 81 Ya tu campana no suena .............................................................................................................. 82 7 Ya tu campana no suena – Audio Tracks 51 & 52 .................................................................... 82 Sidebar: The Synthesizer in Cuban Pop ............................................................................................ 83 Disculpe señora ............................................................................................................................ 84 Disculpe señora – Audio Tracks 53 & 54 .................................................................................. 85 Piano Tumbaos From Other Songs on Eso que anda ....................................................................... 86 Eso que anda ................................................................................................................................ 86 Eso que anda 1 – Audio Tracks 55 & 56 ................................................................................... 86 Eso que anda 2 – Audio Tracks 57 & 58 ................................................................................... 87 No es fácil ..................................................................................................................................... 88 No es fácil – Audio Tracks 59 & 60 ........................................................................................... 88 Chapter 4: Los Van Van, Vol. 12: Al son del Caribe (1987) ................................................................... 89 Pupy’s Compositions ........................................................................................................................ 89 Calla calla ..................................................................................................................................... 89 Calla calla – Main Tumbao – Audio Tracks 61 & 62 ................................................................. 90 Sidebar: Review of Gear Change Terminology ................................................................................. 92 Arrangement Map of Calla calla – Studio Recording ........................................................... 93 Arrangement Map of Calla calla – shortened MIDI version ................................................ 94 Calla calla – Full Chart – Audio Tracks 63 & 64 – (16th note notation) .................................... 95 Calla calla – Full Chart – Audio Tracks 63 & 64 – (8th note notation) .................................... 104 Que lo sepa mamá, que se entere papá ..................................................................................... 113 Que lo sepa mamá 1 – Audio Tracks 65 & 66 ........................................................................ 113 Que lo sepa mamá 2 – Audio Tracks 67 & 68 ........................................................................ 114 Piano Tumbaos From Other Songs on Al son del Caribe ................................................................ 115 La titimanía ................................................................................................................................ 115 8 La titimanía 1 – Audio Tracks 69 & 70 ................................................................................... 115 La titimanía 2 – Audio Tracks 71 & 72 ................................................................................... 116 Recaditas no ............................................................................................................................... 117 Recaditas no – Audio Tracks 73 & 74 ..................................................................................... 117 Chapter 5: Los Van Van, Vol. 13: El negro no tiene na’ (1988) .......................................................... 118 Pupy’s Compositions ...................................................................................................................... 119 Me gusta y no puede ser ............................................................................................................ 119 Me gusta y no puede ser 1 – Audio Tracks 75 & 76 ............................................................... 119 Me gusta y no puede ser 2 – Audio Tracks 77 & 78 ............................................................... 120 Me falta un año .......................................................................................................................... 121 Me falta un año – Audio Tracks 79 & 80 ................................................................................ 121 Piano Tumbaos From Other Songs on El negro no tiene na’ ......................................................... 122 El negro no tiene na’ .................................................................................................................. 122 El negro no tiene na’ 1a – Audio Tracks 81 & 82 ................................................................... 122 El negro no tiene na’ 1b – Audio Tracks 83 & 84 ................................................................... 122 El negro no tiene na’ 1c – Audio Tracks 85 & 86 .................................................................... 123 El negro no tiene na’ 1d – Audio Tracks 87 & 88 ................................................................... 123 Se acabó el querer ...................................................................................................................... 123 Se acabó el querer 1 – Audio Tracks 89 & 90 ......................................................................... 124 Se acabó el querer 2 – Audio Tracks 91 & 92 ......................................................................... 124 Se acabó el querer – with clave changes – Audio Tracks 93 & 94 – (16th note notation) ...... 125 Se acabó el querer – with clave changes – Audio Tracks 93 & 94 – (8th note notation) ........ 127 Looking Ahead to Volume 12 ............................................................................................................. 129 Albums Covered in Volume 12 ....................................................................................................... 129 9 For Further Study ............................................................................................................................... 130 Suggested Reading ......................................................................................................................... 130 Suggested Listening ........................................................................................................................ 131 Photography Credits .......................................................................................................................... 133 Acknowledgments .............................................................................................................................. 135 About the Author ............................................................................................................................... 135 The Beyond Salsa Catalog – 2011 ...................................................................................................... 137 10 Introduction to The Beyond Salsa Series How the Series is Organized and Sold With the exception of the Understanding Clave and Clave Changes book and audio package, each volume of the Beyond Salsa series consists of two or three separately sold products: 1) a book like this one with text and musical notation (hard‐copy or eBook) 2) downloadable MP3 audio files demonstrating the musical examples, accompanied by a clave click track, at full‐speed and in slow motion, with the left and right hands panned hard left and right (and with bass tumbaos in the case of the Pupy Pedroso books) 3) when available, downloadable computer video files and physical DVDs showing a Cuban pianist performing each musical example at full speed, in slow motion, and with variations You can choose any combination of the three to fit your personal style of learning. Book The book you’re reading now can be purchased at www.createspace.com/35733474 as a hard‐copy, bound paperback book. Alternatively, it can be viewed online and/or printed on your computer’s printer from the website www.timba.com/piano. The books show music notation for each exercise in both 8th notes (American‐style) and 16th notes (Cuban‐style), as well as explanatory text and historical information. If you don’t read music and aren’t interested in the explanations and history, you can choose to buy only the audio and/or video products and use them to learn the parts by ear. Audio The audio files do not come with the book. They’re available as separate, downloadable products from www.timba.com/audio (or, in the case of Understanding Clave, they available as free downloads at clave.latinpulsemusic.com). For each notation example, there are two ultra‐high quality MP3 files made directly from 24‐bit wave files. The first is recorded at normal tempo and the second in slow motion at 55 beats per minute. Each file begins with a countoff consisting of four main beats on the bell and one cycle of clave. After the countoff, the bell drops out while the clave continues. The piano and bass are panned hard right and left respectively. This way, you can use the balance control to solo the piano or play along with just the bass. The audio files can be burned to audio CDs or played on an MP3 player. If you have audio on your computer, I highly recommend taking advantage of the new generation of computer programs that will allow you to change the tempo and/or key of any of these audio files and to loop them to fit your style of practice. Particularly useful are: Amazing Slowdowner™, Transcribe!™ and Emulator X®, all of which can be downloaded from their respective websites. Audio samples can be auditioned at www.timba.com/piano. 11 Video Like the audio products, the videos are sold as separate downloads from www.timba.com/audio. The video products for Volume 2 and Volume 3 of Beyond Salsa Percussion, featuring drummer/timbalero Calixto Oviedo, are already available at www.timba.com/percussion, as are several free previews. Planned for late 2011 are video products for the Melón Lewis piano books and the Alain Pérez bass books. There will be one video file for each exercise, in which the musician will play slowly, then at full speed, and finally add variations such as he might use in a live performance. Some free performance videos of Melón can be found at www.timba.com/piano. At the end of this book is a catalog and price for the whole series to date, with a picture, links and content description for each volume. Beyond Salsa Piano Beyond Salsa Piano, with 11 volumes as of 2011, is a history and anthology of the role of the piano in the Cuban rhythm section – from its first appearance to the present. In a broader sense, it’s a study of the art of creating music from layers of repeating rhythmic and melodic phrases. Whether these syncopated figures are called tumbaos, guajeos, montunos, riffs or vamps, this Afro‐Cuban concept lies at the heart of nearly every popular music genre from salsa to rock, funk, R&B, hip‐hop and jazz. While presented as a set of method books, the series doubles as a history course and record‐ collecting guide for listeners, dancers, and musicians who play instruments other than piano. Perhaps the most important goal of the series is to provide a comprehensive understanding of how tumbaos are constructed, their central role in the texture of Latin music of all eras, and the endless possibilities they provide for creative composing and arranging. Volumes 1 to 5 – Ranging from beginning to advanced, these five volumes cover the entire history of Cuban tumbao playing, from the tres and violin guajeos which were the predecessors of the piano tumbao to a thorough analysis of the modern timba style. 12 Volume 6 onward – Each book concentrates on the style of one Cuban pianist, with note‐for‐note transcriptions, often based on MIDI files performed by the volume’s featured pianist. For example, the subject of Volumes 6 through 9 is Iván “Melón” Lewis, the phenomenally innovative pianist who played with The Issac Delgado Group from 1995 to 1998. Volumes 10 and 11 begin our study of César “Pupy” Pedroso of Los Van Van and Los Que Son Son. Volume 12 will complete our survey of Pupy’s work with Los Van Van and Volume 13 will cover his first four albums with Los Que Son Son. Beginning with Volume 14 we hope to move on to Juan Carlos González and Tirso Duarte of Charanga Habanera, Rodolfo “Peruchín” Argudín of NG La Banda, Chaka Nápoles of Manolín (“El Médico de la Salsa”), Rolando Luna of Paulito FG and The Issac Delgado Group, and many others. For beginners and intermediate players, we’ll also be adding a special volume featuring Gustavo Ramírez, exploring the history of and the many possible bass and piano variations that can be used with the ubiquitous “guajira” progression, I – IV – V – IV, so fundamental to salsa and son. Beyond Salsa Percussion This series focuses on timbales and drums and analyzes the rhythm section practices of various bands from various eras of Cuban music. Volumes 2 and 3, on Calixto Oviedo, of NG La Banda and Adalberto Álvarez fame, are released as of 2011 and described in detail at the end of this book. Understanding Clave and Clave Changes Understanding Clave and Clave Changes is a special supplementary volume inspired by the extraordinary arranging of Pupy Pedroso and Juan Formell during the period covered by Beyond 13 Salsa Piano, Volume 11. It began as a short appendix, but the more I wrote, the more I thought about my years of discussions with other musicians, long nights spent with headphones, reading of endless clave threads on internet groups, and the many lectures and master classes I’ve attended. There seems to be an endless fascination with clave, clave direction and clave changes, as well as endless frustration, confusion and misinformation. With Understanding Clave I was determined to end the confusion once and for all, and to keep it from being one more “lose weight, quit smoking and make extra cash in your spare time” self‐help book. I designed a method that requires you to sing, clap and dance your way through memorized musical examples before even attempting to understand the terminology of concepts. In order to reach as large an audience as possible, the clave volume is sold at a reduced price, and with free downloadable audio files. Scheduled for 2012 are three new series: Beyond Salsa Bass Beyond Salsa Bongó Timba Bloque and Gear Exercises for Ensemble c. 1994 – photo by David Garten – www.cubaphoto.com 14 How to Get The Most From This Book Los Van Van – 1985: Juan Formell (bass), Pupy Pedroso, Changuito (timbales), Julio Noroña (güiro) Havana, Cuba – 1985 – photo by Brett Gollin If you’re new to the Beyond Salsa Piano series, this section will help you get comfortable with the methods used and answer some frequently asked questions. If you’ve already studied the other books, you’ll find explanations for a few changes we’ve made for the Pupy Pedroso volumes of the series. “Montuno” versus “Piano Tumbao” – Outside Cuba, the word “montuno” is used for the type of piano vamps presented here. In Cuba, however, “montuno” is reserved for the “montuno section” of an arrangement and the actual piano parts are called tumbaos. We use the Cuban term – tumbao – but feel free to call them montunos (or guajeos) if you prefer. 16th note versus 8th note notation – To deal with the disagreement over whether one cycle of clave should be written in the space of one measure (16th note notation) or two measures (8th note notation), we give every musical example both ways, one right after the other. After learning the example with your preferred notation style, try reading through both versions a few times and try to understand that they’re really not that different. Being comfortable with both is a very nice skill to have, especially if you travel a lot or play with a lot of different groups. Ultimately, however, we highly recommend that you begin your study of each tumbao without using the music at all! Just 15 listen to the audio files, or the album for that matter, and try to figure out the part for yourself. This will create an “empty vessel” in your mind for the parts that you had trouble learning, and then when you look at the music for the answer, it will stick with you much more readily. A different approach to the audio files – In Volumes 1‐9, we panned the piano parts such that the left hand is only in the left channel and the right hand is only in the right. This way you could use the balance control on your stereo to solo just one hand. For the Pupy Pedroso volumes, however, we’ve included bass tumbaos for each example. So, in the Volume 10 audio files, we pan the entire piano to the right and the bass to the left so you can either solo the piano, or mute it, which allows you to practice along with the bass, clave and bell. In Volume 11, we’ve made another adjustment. In the full‐speed tracks, we pan the bass hard left and the piano hard right as in Volume 10, but for slow‐motion tracks, we pan the piano left‐right and the bass center. Controlled Improvisation – On songs where Pupy plays more freely, we’ve included multiple similar tumbaos (e.g., Quien bien te quiere 3a, 3b, 3c, and so on). The sooner you’re able to allow these to blend together so you’re playing freely, with the variations coming out naturally, the better. You don’t need to retain which one is “a” and which is “b” in your long term memory; it’s far superior to develop a vocabulary of interchangeable variations that flow out naturally in performance. The Music – Our central philosophy is to avoid the boredom of “studying exercises” by putting the tumbaos in their historical context and getting you excited about the meaning and “big picture” perspective of what you’re practicing. To this end, we present the histories of Los Van Van and Los Que Son Son as colorfully as possible, and cover the songs in the order they were created. Try to imagine yourself living in Cuba, experiencing the hits of these two seminal bands as each year passes. Try to collect all of the recordings by each group and listen to them for pleasure – in your car, while dancing, even quietly in the background as you sleep if that works for you. All of these songs were Top 10 hits in Cuba and are very catchy. Their lyrics and back‐stories are also very interesting. As each one grows on you, it will make it infinitely easier to sit down at the piano and work out the fingering. If you play in a group, try to get your bandmates to do cover versions, or to simply borrow some of these tumbaos for descarga (jam session) purposes. If you haven’t yet joined a band, try to find group practice situations with friends who plays bass, or with other pianists with whom you can trade off playing the bass parts, and/or with friends who sing or play percussion. The widely available DVD shown here, Live in Europe, distributed as a joint effort of Pimienta and Timba Records 16 Germany, contains a beautifully filmed 89‐minute Los Van Van concert from precisely the period studied in this book – with Changuito on timbales, vocalists Pedrito Calvo and Mayito “Flaco” Valdés, and of course Pupy on piano and Juan Formell on bass. The concert includes many songs covered in this book including Ya tu campana no suena, Se muere la tía, Sandunguera, Quien bien te quiere te hará llora, La Habana no aguanta más and Será que se acabó. As you study this book, try to learn as much as you can about Los Van Van and Los Que Son Son. You’ll find vast quantities of information about them on www.timba.com, on YouTube.com (look for the contributor “pisicore”), on blogs like yemayasverse.blogspot.com and on newsgroups like Yahoo’s “timba_geeks”, where you can meet and be inspired by other fans. Hearing these bands live can also be a revelation, whether in Cuba or on one of their many global tours. Another endless source of inspiration is the history of Cuban music, covered in the free online book Roots of Timba on timba.com, and, from a piano‐centric point of view, in the first five volumes of Beyond Salsa Piano. As you become familiar with historic groups like Sexteto Habanero, Arsenio Rodríguez, Los Muñequitos de Matanzas and Ritmo Oriental, you’ll start to appreciate it when Pupy and Van Van pay homage to and further develop the musical ideas of the past. If you’re overwhelmed and can’t decide where to start, I’ll repeat my top reading recommendation: Cuba and Its Music, by Ned Sublette, the definitive history of Cuban music, from its roots in Africa and Europe to the 1950s. This book is a page‐turner that reads like a great novel. Finally, the most reliable way to inspire yourself is to visit Cuba. It’s the only place in the world where you can hear live world‐class Latin music seven nights a week – I’ve yet to meet anyone who has returned from that magical island without having their lives permanently changed. In our suggested reading list, you’ll find the names and websites of companies that take people on study trips, or if you plan your own trip, check out yemayasverse.blogspot.com for travel advice. The Malecón, La Habana, Cuba ‐‐ 2011 – photo by Richard Robinson
17 Introduction to Volume 11 Pupy Pedroso – 2010 – photo by Patrick Bonnard – www.patrickbonnard.com Volume 11 of the Beyond Salsa Piano series is the second of four being written about César “Pupy” Pedroso, and covers songs and piano tumbaos first created with Los Van Van in the period of 1984 to 1988. When we get to songs that have been re‐arranged by Pupy’s new band, Los Que Son Son (founded in 2001), we cover the modern versions. To get a feel for how this critical five‐year period fits into Los Van Van’s trajectory, let’s start with an overview. In the chart on the next page Los Van Van’s various style periods are shown by shading. 18 Laugart, and recorded when the timba movement was in full force, has a less aggressive, slightly retro flavor. Writing as a fan, this song is at the top of my list of Pupy compositions that I’m waiting to hear re‐arranged by Los Que Son Son. Me gusta y no puede ser 2 – Audio Tracks 77 & 78 b .. œ # œ # œ œ œ œ œ œœ œœ œ œ œœ œ œ œ œ # œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ..
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In the style of: Me gusta y no puede ser – 2‐3 clave – 96 BPM – 1988 – Los Van Van: El negro no tiene na’ – EGREM CD 0138 Pupy at the ENA conservatory, where he continues to teach Cuba’s top young talent on an ongoing basis. 1994 ‐ photo by David Garten – www.cubaphoto.com 120 Suggested Listening ** indicates album download (w/full booklet) is available on www.latinpulsemusic.com as of 2010. This list is chosen for both overall musical quality and relevance to the tumbaos and pianists that will appear in future volumes of the “Beyond Salsa Piano” series. GROUP ALBUM PIANIST LABEL Paulito FG y su Élite Con la conciencia tranquila
Sergio Noroña
Nueva Fania ** Paulito FG (El bueno soy yo)
Emilio Morales
Nueva Fania ** Bamboleo Yo no me parezco a nadie
Lázaro Valdés
Ahí Namá ** Ya no hace falta Lázaro Valdés
Ahí Namá ** Ñññño! Lázaro Valdés
Ahí Namá Charanga Habanera Hey You Loca Juan Carlos González
Magic Music ** Pa’ que se entere La Habana
Juan Carlos González
Magic Music ** Tremendo delirio Juan Carlos González
Magic Music ** Charanguero mayor
Tirso Duarte
Ciocan Music ** Live in the USA Tirso Duarte
Ciocan Music ** Chan Chan Charanga
Tirso Duarte
Ciocan Music ** Danny Lozada Tanto le pedí Juan Carlos González
Issac Delgado Rarities (Exclusivo para Cuba)
Iván Melón Lewis
Ciocan Music ** El año que viene Iván Melón Lewis
RMM Otra idea Iván Melón Lewis
RMM La primera noche Pepe Rivero
ARTEX** La fórmula Roberto Carlos
Ahí Namá ** Manolín Para mi gente Chaka Nápoles
Ahí Namá ** De buena fe Chaka Nápoles
Blue Metro Jaque mate Chaka Nápoles
Caribe El puente Chaka Nápoles
Ciocan Music ** Los Van Van Disco Azúcar Pupy Pedroso
ARTEX ** Lo último en vivo Pupy Pedroso
QBADisc Ay dios, ampárame
Pupy Pedroso
Caribe Records** Ésto te pone la cabeza mala
Pupy Pedroso
Caribe Records **
Llegó Van Van Pupy Pedroso
Pimienta Records **
Chapeando Roberto Carlos
Unicornio Records **
NG La Banda En la calle “Peruchín” Argudín
QBADisc Simplemente lo mejor de NG
“Peruchín” Argudín
ARTEX (BIS) ** 131 GROUP ALBUM PIANIST LABEL Klímax Mira si te gusta Tony Pérez
Eurotropical Juego de manos “Huicho”
Eurotropical Oye como va Marcos Crego
Eurotropical Klímax and Manolito Concierto Eurotropical I
“Huicho”/Manolito
Eurotropical Manolito y su Trabuco Directo al corazón Manolito Simonet
Bembe Records Contra todos los prognósticos
Manolito Simonet
Eurotropical Marcando la distancia
Manolito Simonet
Eurotropical Para que baile Cuba
Manolito Simonet
Eurotropical Se rompieron los termómetros
Manolito Simonet
Eurotropical Hablando en serio Manolito Simonet
EGREM Los Que Son Son Qué cosas tiene la vida
Pupy Pedroso
EGREM La buenagente Pupy Pedroso
Pimienta Records Mi timba cerrá Pupy Pedroso
EGREM Tranquilo que yo controlo
Pupy Pedroso
EGREM Revé y su Charangón Se sigue comentando
Roy Alain Sain
BIS** Fresquecito Pachy Naranjo, Jr.
BIS** De qué estamos Hablando
Pachy Naranjo, Jr.
Azúcar Negra Andar andando Aisar Simón
BIS** Michel Maza Fieeesta Sergio Noroña
Envidia** Que hablen los habladores
Sergio Noroña
Envidia** Angel Bonne Circunstancias Yaniel “El Majá” EGREM Bonne & Bonne Co.
Wilfredo Naranjo, Jr.
EGREM Havana d’Primera Haciendo historia Tony Rodríguez
EGREM Various Gracias Formell Melón Lewis, Emilio Morales Ciocan** For suggested listening within the 1960‐1989 time period, please see the Discography and Online Book sections of the Timbapedia section of www.timba.com. Complete digital albums with liner notes for two Pupy Pedroso albums, six recent Los Van Van albums, and Gracias Formell are available for audition and download at: www.latinpulsemusic.com. Los Van Van and Pupy Pedroso tracks are now available for audition and digital download at EGREM’s website: www.egremtodomusica.com. 132 Photography Credits Tom Ehrlich’s passion for jazz and Afro‐Caribbean music and his love of photography came together in 1998. Over the next 12 years he’s produced a vast portfolio, covering many of the jazz and Latin acts presented in Northern California. He also takes several yearly photographic sabbaticals to his original home, New York. His photographs of Pupy are from Yoshi’s San Francisco and Oakland, from June 2010. Tom’s photographs can be seen on various CDs, musician web sites, publicity for musical events, occasionally in Latin Beat Magazine, and regularly on www.timba.com. He has well over 1,000 photos on display in various galleries at timba.com/users/tomehrlich. Tom has contributed most of the photos for the first eleven volumes of Beyond Salsa Piano, the first two volumes of Beyond Salsa Percussion, and several other books also feature his work. His calendars, t‐shirts (he’s wearing one in the photo to the left), prints and photo‐bookmarks are available for purchase at his website www.tomehrlichphotos.com or by emailing him directly at [email protected] or [email protected]. David Garten, www.cubaphoto.com, has been a professional photographer for many years and was lucky enough to discover Cuban music way back in 1994, five years before your faithful author, during which time his frequent trips as a photojournalist allowed him to photograph and experience first‐hand one of the most extraordinary eras in Cuban music history. His photos are everywhere – from the back cover of Chucho Valdés’s Grammy‐nominated Bele Bele en La Habana to the wonderful 104‐page booklet included with Van Van’s The Legendary Los Van Van 30‐Year Anniversary box set. His dance photography of Ballet Nacional de Cuba is featured in Octavio Roca’s 2010 book, Cuban Ballet. Look for more of David’s photos in Vols. 12 and 13 of Beyond Salsa Piano. Patrick Bonnard grew up in Paris and first went to Cuba in 2002. His stunning photos can be seen at www.timba.com/user_pages/galleries‐3 and at www.patrickbonnard.com. Most people know Brett Gollin as the timbalero and leader of innovative Latin music group Bongo Logic but he’s also an excellent photographer and was one of the first American musicians to go to Cuba, experiencing the 1980s Los Van Van group and many others live. 133 Author, record producer and recording artist Ned Sublette, whose masterpiece Cuba and its Music was one of the key inspirations for the Beyond Salsa series. Ned took the cover photo at the first New York appearance of Los Que Son Son in 2010. All photos by Tom Ehrlich except as listed below: cover Ned Sublette p. 14 David Garten – www.cubaphoto.com p. 11 David Garten – www.cubaphoto.com p. 15 Brett Gollin p. 18 Patrick Bonnard – www.patrickbonnard.com p. 30 Patrick Bonnard – www.patrickbonnard.com p. 74 David Garten – www.cubaphoto.com p. 114 David Garten – www.cubaphoto.com pp. 120 David Garten – www.cubaphoto.com p. 133 Kevin Moore Pupy, Daymar Guerra, John Calloway – Yoshi’s Oakland – 2010 – photo by Tom Ehrlich 134 Acknowledgments Editing and Conceptual Guidance: Orlando Fiol, Abel Robaina, David Peñalosa, Sue Taylor, Robert Fernández, Dr. Olavo Alén, Bill Wolfer, Wendy Black, Michael Lazarus, Michelle White, Marc Bischoff, Gabriel Wilder, David Cantrell, Ryan Mead, Vašík Greif, Roberto Morris, Brett Gollin, Majela Serrano, Keith Johnson, Rebeca Mauleón, Edgar Hernández, Eva Reyes, Curtis Lanoue, Tomás Cruz, Andrea Ciucci, Richard Robinson, Robert Schwentker, Dan Filip, Mike Racette, Ned Sublette. Additional Transcriptions: Rob Holland (bassist/percussionist/recording engineer) began his fascination with Afro‐Cuban and Latin music in the early 1970s, deciphering rare vinyl and delving deeply into rumba, son, charanga, salsa and, fanatically into songo and onda areíto. Rob became a fixture in the SF Bay Area Cuban and salsa scene in the mid '80s with John Santos, Jorge Sylvestre's "Batimco", co‐leading and arranging for Tumbao y Cuerdas (the West Coast's first charangón), and many others. With the renowned Conjunto Céspedes for five years, he also engineered two of their award‐winning CDs. Traveling to Cuba in 1980 and again in '85 he tagged along with Ritmo Oriental, Aragón and Aliamén spending invaluable time with his bass idol, Humberto Perera. His musical travels have also led him to The Gambia, West Africa for study and inspiration. Other transcription help was provided by Ben Heveroh, Marc Bischoff (marcbischoff.com), Orlando Fiol, and Gustavo Ramírez (who will be providing material for a volume on the I IV V IV – guajiro – style). About the Author Pupy Pedroso, Kevin Moore – Oakland, 2010 135 Kevin Moore ([email protected]) is the co‐founder and music editor for the world’s largest Cuban music website, www.timba.com, to which he has contributed the free online multimedia book The Roots of Timba, dozens of book‐length articles, discographies, record analyses, interviews and the daily Cuban music blog La última, which is nearing its 10th year of publication. In the early 2000s Kevin co‐wrote The Tomás Cruz Conga Method, Volumes 1‐3, a critically acclaimed method book used as a text at various educational institutions. More books on Tomás Cruz (including the long‐promised volume on the adaptation of folkloric rhythms to timba conga marchas, are planned for 2013 as part of the Beyond Salsa Congas series. Various other important congueros will also be featured. The Tomás Cruz Conga Method – Volumes 1, 2, & 3 Published by Mel Bay Publications, Inc. As musical director, composer, arranger and violinist of the California‐based salsa band Orquesta Gitano Kevin co‐produced the 1998 CD Salsa Gitana, songs from which have been used in various films and television shows. In addition to the audio tracks, full salsa band charts for this album can be purchased at Latin Pulse Music. Available for purchase and download at www.latinpulsemusic.com/albums/show/2 136 The Beyond Salsa Catalog – 2011 Beyond Salsa Piano, Volume 1 begins around 1900 and covers the origins of the tumbao concept using exercises adapted from genres – such as changüí, danzón, and son – which pre‐date the use of piano as the primary instrument for tumbaos in Cuban music. This material is designed to be playable by near‐
beginners, musicians playing other instruments, and arrangers seeking to acquire a basic facility on piano. www.createspace.com/1000252022 www.latinpulsemusic.com/albums/show/353
Artists covered include Grupo Changüí de Guantánamo, Sexteto Habanero and Arsenio Rodríguez. Beyond Salsa Piano, Volume 2 covers the period from 1940‐1959, during which the piano became a constant and dominant presence in nearly every Latin rhythm section, and during which Cuban music had a profound global influence on all forms of popular music. The difficulty level ranges from beginning to intermediate. www.createspace.com/3419799 www.latinpulsemusic.com/albums/show/359
Artists covered include Arcaño y sus Maravillas, Orquesta Aragón, Chappottín y sus Estrellas, Celia Cruz y Sonora Matancera, Beny Moré, Pérez Prado, Orquesta Sensación, José Fajardo y sus Estrellas, Conjunto Modelo, and others. Beyond Salsa Piano, Volumes 3 and 4 cover the eclectic period between the Cuban Revolution and the Fall of the Berlin Wall – from 1959 to 1989. Volume 3 covers mozambique, pilón, changüí‐68, songo, and artists such as Irakere, Ritmo Oriental, Los Van Van, Pacho Alonso, Orquesta Aragón, Opus 13, Orquesta 440, Afrocuba, and others. www.createspace.com/3427343 www.latinpulsemusic.com/albums/show/361
Volume 3 also contains an extensive section on Afro‐
Cuban folkloric rhythms and their application to popular music piano‐playing. 137 Beyond Salsa Piano, Volume 4 continues our survey of post‐revolution, pre‐timba Cuban piano styles. Styles covered include those of Elio Revé y su Charangón, Rumbavana, Son 14, Adalberto Álvarez y su Son, Orquesta Original de Manzanillo, Maravillas de Florida, Orquesta Aliamén, Los Karachi and others. We also introduce the concept of “controlled improvisation” which runs through the entire series. www.createspace.com/3427345 www.latinpulsemusic.com/albums/show/363
Beyond Salsa Piano, Volume 5 introduces the timba genre that began in the 1990s. It includes: • a history and discography of the timba era • a detailed description of rhythm section “gears”, • a list and analysis of the 10 most important piano innovations of the 1990s • 32 instructional tumbaos on the same chord progression, demonstrating these innovations. www.createspace.com/3427349 www.latinpulsemusic.com/albums/show/363
• a Harmony Appendix showing hundreds of timba tumbao chord progression in Roman numerals. Beginning with Volume 6, each book concentrates on the style of one Cuban pianist, with note‐for‐note transcriptions, based in most cases on MIDI files performed by the volume’s featured pianist. Volumes 6 through 9 are on Iván “Melón” Lewis, the phenomenally innovative pianist who played with The Issac Delgado Group from 1995 to 1998. www.createspace.com/3427351 www.latinpulsemusic.com/albums/show/364 Volume 6 contains Melón’s biography and discography and in‐depth studies of his piano style on the extended live concert versions of No me mires a los ojos and La vida sin esperanza. 138 Volume 7 moves on to Melón’s approach to two more live classics of the Issac Delgado Group: Luz viajera (arranged by Melón) and Por qué paró. In the process we cover the timba gears of marcha, muela, bomba and presión and delve even more deeply into Melón’s approach to “controlled improvisation”. www.createspace.com/3427354 www.latinpulsemusic.com/albums/show/365
Beyond Salsa Piano, Volume 8 continues our chronological survey of Melón’s unique tumbaos and improvisational live style with Deja que Roberto te toque and the extremely polyrhythmic Brindando con el alma. La chica del sol is then used as a vehicle to present exercises to understand how timba relates to salsa and Latin jazz. www.createspace.com/3427355 www.latinpulsemusic.com/albums/show/366
www.createspace.com/3427357 www.latinpulsemusic.com/albums/show/367
Beyond Salsa Piano, Volumes 9, our final volume on Melón Lewis, is the longest of the series and includes his unusually sophisticated approach to cuerpos as well as tumbaos. It begins with Melón’s approach to the I‐IV‐V‐IV progression, uses his arrangement of Catalina as a jumping‐off point. We then cover the remaining important live staples of the Delgado repertoire during Melón’s tenure: Con la punta del pie, Por la naturaleza, Se te fue la mano, Pa’ que te salves, and La competencia (“Hit Parade”). Finally we cover a song from Melón’s work with Manolín and a tumbao from one of his Latin jazz originals, Movimiento. 139 Beyond Salsa Piano, Volume 10 begins our study of César “Pupy” Pedroso of Los Van Van and Los Que Son Son. www.createspace.com/3573344 www.latinpulsemusic.com/albums/show/406 This book begins with extensive biography and discography chapters and covers piano tumbaos for songs first released between 1979 (when Pupy began to compose for Los Van Van) and 1983, including El bate de aluminio, Fallaste a sacar tu cuenta, Después que te casaste and many others. On the classic Hoy se cumplen seis semanas, we present a full chart of Pupy new arrangement with his current group, Los Que Son Son. Beyond Salsa Piano, Volume 11 covers the next phase of Pupy’s career – 1984‐1988 with Los Van Van, including songs such as Si quieres que te llegue pronto, Ya tu campana no suena, and Será que se acabó. Also included are complete piano and bass charts for El buenagente and Calla calla, based on the modern Los Que Son Son versions. www.createspace.com/3573347 www.latinpulsemusic.com/albums/show/407 Beyond Salsa Piano, Volume 12 is scheduled for release in 2012 or 2013 and covers the remainder of Pupy’s career with Los Van Van. www.createspace.com/3573348 www.latinpulsemusic.com/albums/show/408 140 Beyond Salsa Piano, Volume 13, scheduled for release in 2012 or 2013, is our final volume on Pupy Pedroso, covers his work with his own group, Los Que Son Son, founded in 2001 and one of Cuba’s top groups today. www.createspace.com/3573349 www.latinpulsemusic.com/albums/show/409 Beyond Salsa Percussion, Volume 1 will be a very basic history of and introduction to the Cuban rhythm section for listeners, dancers, and players of other instruments. COMING Scheduled for release in 2012. IN 2012 www.createspace.com/3500639 www.latinpulsemusic.com/albums/show/397 Beyond Salsa Percussion, Volume 2: Basic Rhythms is the first of two books on legendary timbalero/drummer Calixto Oviedo, who played with Pacho Alonso, Adalberto Álvarez and the first timba band, NG La Banda. The book begins with a long biography and discography section and presents Calixto’s approaches to six classic Cuban rhythms, ranging from traditional timbales to various combinations of timbales and drumset. The rhythms covered are: danzón, chachachá, mozambique, pilón, simalé and upa‐upa. 141 Beyond Salsa Percussion, Volume 3: Timba Gears is one of our longest and most adventurous books, explaining what gears are and demonstrating the almost endless ways that each can be orchestrated on timbales and drumset. www.createspace.com/3500640 www.latinpulsemusic.com/albums/show/399 In addition to exhaustively detailing Calixto’s styles, the book explains how the various top Cuban bands produce their signature rhythm section sellos by dividing the rhythmic responsibilities creatively between the percussionists. The gears covered are: marcha abajo, marcha arriba, marcha de mambo, muela, presión and bomba. Understanding Clave and Clave Changes is a special supplement to the series which is divided into four sections, which use hands‐on singing, clapping and dancing exercises to become intimate with clave and avoid the excruciating intellectual confusion that results from try to learn it with one’s left‐brain! Part 1: For Beginners – What is Clave? Part 2: Demystifying Clave Terminology Part 3: Intermediate – Understanding Clave Direction
Part 4: Advanced – Understanding Clave Changes www.createspace.com/3711464 www.latinpulsemusic.com/albums/show/414 COMING IN EARLY 2012 Unlike all the other books, the course absolutely requires both the audio files and book, so the audio files are provided as a free download to anyone who buys the hard‐copy book or the eBook. Beyond Salsa Bass will closely mirror Beyond Salsa Piano, with introductory volumes covering the history of Cuban bass, starting at the beginning level, and continuing with books about specific bassists. The first subject will be Alain Pérez, easily one of the top few Cuban bassists of all‐time and equally phenomenal as a composer and arranger. We already have video footage of Alain so this project will definitely be released in early 2012. 142 COMING IN 2012 Beyond Salsa Bongó will feature Carlos Caro, winner of timba.com’s Readers’ Poll for Best Timba Bongosero. These books will begin with instruction in technique, starting from a beginning level and then work their way from the early son styles of bongó‐
playing to Caro’s timba style with Opus 13, Paulito FG and Jacqueline Castellanos. COMING IN 2012 Timba Gear and Bloque Exercises for Ensemble is designed for high school and college ensemble classes as well as salsa bands seeking to add timba to their repertoires. The approach, like Volume 5 of Beyond Salsa Piano, is to take a single chord progression and apply a series of breaks and gear changes which can then be applied to any song. Beyond Salsa Congas
COMING IN 2013 PRICE LIST TITLE Physical Book eBook (PC only) Audio Download Video
Download Beyond Salsa Piano, Vol. 1 • Beginning • The Roots of the Piano Tumbao
$20
$10
$10 Beyond Salsa Piano, Vol. 2 • Intermediate • Early Cuban Piano Tumbaos • 1940‐59
$20
$10
$10 Beyond Salsa Piano, Vol. 3 • Intermediate • Cuban Piano Tumbaos • 1960‐79
$20
$10
$10 Beyond Salsa Piano, Vol. 4 • Intermediate • Cuban Piano Tumbaos • 1979‐89
$20
$10
$10 Beyond Salsa Piano, Vol. 5 • Advanced • Introduction to Timba
$20
$10
$10 Beyond Salsa Piano, Vol. 6 • Iván “Melón” Lewis • Part 1
$20
$10
$10 Beyond Salsa Piano, Vol. 7 • Iván “Melón” Lewis • Part 2
$20
$10
$10 Beyond Salsa Piano, Vol. 8 • Iván “Melón” Lewis • Part 3
$20
$10
$10 Beyond Salsa Piano, Vol. 9 • Iván “Melón” Lewis • Part 4
$30
$15
$10 Beyond Salsa Piano, Vol. 10 • César“Pupy” Pedroso • Part 1
$25
$15
$10 Beyond Salsa Piano, Vol. 11 • César“Pupy” Pedroso • Part 2
$25
$15
$10 Beyond Salsa Percussion, Vol. 1 • Introduction to the Cuban Rhythm Section
TBD
TBD
TBD Beyond Salsa Percussion, Vol. 2 • Calixto Oviedo – Basic Rhythms
$30
$15
$10 $10 Beyond Salsa Percussion, Vol. 3 • Calixto Oviedo – Timba Gears
$30
$15
$10 $10 Understanding Clave and Clave Changes $15
$10
free 143 For completely updated lists of all Beyond Salsa products, sample videos and other free downloads: www.timba.com/piano www.timba.com/percussion www.timba.com/bass www.timba.com/audio clave.latinpulsemusic.com www.timba.com/clave www.timba.com/bongo comments, questions, suggestions, requests: [email protected] 144