1327662_Chillventa 2010 Natural refrigerants in Denmark ver7.ppt

1327662_Chillventa 2010 Natural refrigerants in Denmark ver7.ppt
Applications with Natural Refrigerants
– country situation and experiences –
by
NATURAL REFRIGERANTS IN DENMARK
Situation and experiences
By
SVENN HANSEN, Information Centre for HFC Free Cooling
Teknologiparken, Kongsvang Allé 29, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
Phone: +45 7220 1800, Mail: [email protected], Internet: www.hfc-fri.dk
<< Company Logo >>
Background – A few facts about Denmark
Danish refrigeration business
Danish population:
5.5 million
Approx. 60-80 production companies
Components and units.
Advansor, Carrier Refrigeration Denmark
(former Birton), Danfoss, Gram Commercial, Johnson Controls Denmark, Nilan,
Vestfrost …
Approx. 350-450 installation companies
A few big, some medium-sized and many
small companies.
Carrier Refrigeration Denmark (former
Birton), Findan-group, Johnson Controls
Denmark, Knudsen Køling, Super Køl,
Vojens Køleteknik …
4 wholesalers + 15-20 minor agents
ahlsell, H. Jessen Jürgensen, FK Teknik,
Air-Con Danmark …
Reference: CIA´s ”The World Factbook”
Approx. 40-50 consultants
Wholesalers, DTI, Rambøll, COWI,
Gromtmij | Carl Bro …
Nuremberg, 14 October 2010
Background - Legislation in Denmark
CFC´s phased-out in the early 1990s (Danish Ministry of the Environment EPA)
Prohibition and limitations for substances with ozone depletion potential
HFC taxes from 01.03.2001 (Danish Ministry of Taxes)
Tax on substances with ozone depletion potential and global warming potential
Tax imposed on all refrigerants for old and new plants
Regulation only applicable to products used in Denmark
Tax imposed on imported product with greenhouse gases
R134a: 130 DKK/kg (17.2 EUR/kg), R404A: 378 DKK/kg (49.9 EUR/kg)
HFC ban and phase-out from 2006/2007 (Danish Ministry of the Environment EPA)
Regulation of industrial gases with global warming potential (150g<charge<10 kg)
Regulation only applicable to new systems
Service can continue on existing systems after 2006
After 2007 further import prohibited
The European Parliament and the Counsil
Regulation (EC) No 842/2006 of 17 May 2006 on fluorinated greenhouse gasses.
Nuremberg, 14 October 2010
Background - Legislation in Denmark
Authorization system (Danish Working Environment Authority WEA)
Legislation about use of pressurized equipment (BEK no. 100 of 31/01/2007)
Appendix 7 Refrigeration systems and heat pumps
1. Refrigerants
Group 1: Dangerous media, Group 2: Other media
2. Placement of equipment
Separate machine rooms if >25 kg, alarms and safety switch if >10 m3
3. Machine room
Below ground level, code of good practise, no other installations, escape routes
4. Inspection and maintenance
Inspections of vessels and pipes, yearly inspections of plants >1 kg, inspections and
maintenance by competent persons, authorized work if >2.5 kg
5. Qualifications for technicians and for companies
Types of plants: A, B, C, D, E (size of charge and group of media)
Nuremberg, 14 October 2010
Background - Legislation in Denmark
Appendix 7 about refrigeration systems and heat pumps, continued …
5.1 Plant types
A: Plants with 2.5 kg <charge< 50 kg, group 2 (basic certificate)
B: Plants with 2.5 kg <charge, group 2 (intermediate certificate)
C: Plants with 2.5 kg <charge< 50 kg, group 1 and 2 (extended basic certificate)
D: Plants with 2.5 kg <charge, group 1 and 2 (extended certificate)
E: Plants A, B, C or D, where technician are employed (special certificate)
5.2 Qualifications for different jobs
Installation, start-up, yearly inspections, repair, maintenance, disposal
5.3 Technicians
Persons over 18 years with necessary qualifications and instructions
Company must be able to document technicians’ competence
5.4 Authorized companies
Companies must be competent and approved (authorized) by WEA
Demands for companies, their equipment and quality procedures
Nuremberg, 14 October 2010
Status of national legislation on F-gasses in Denmark 2008
Nuremberg, 14 October 2010
Status of national legislation on F-gasses in Denmark 2008
Frank Jensen
Danish EPA, Chemical Division
BACKGROUND
1996 The Danish Minister for Environment states the following:
”I want a phase-out in ten year’s time in new equipment or
products within the cooling industry”
HOW DENMARK DID IT
Tax: Adopted by Parliament December 15, 2001
Phase-out: Signed by the Minister for the Environment July 2,
2002
DOES IT WORK ?????
Simple answer YES
Nuremberg, 14 October 2010
Status of national legislation on F-gasses in Denmark 2008
Frank Jensen
Danish EPA, Chemical Division
STATUS 2008
Dialogue with industry and organisations
Exemptions has to be well-defined
Industry has to meet the challenges in a positive way
- without trying to find loopholes
10 kg limit has been the greatest challenge
CONCLUSIONS
Very clear political signals and support are essential
Use of non-HFC alternatives is possible for most applications
Need flexibility from the authorities (within well-defined limits)
Significant reductions can be achieved
- without extraordinary economic costs
Nuremberg, 14 October 2010
Status of national legislation on F-gasses in Denmark 2008
Frank Jensen
Danish EPA, Chemical Division
1600
1000 tons CO2 per year
1400
Non-legislation
Legislation
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
Nuremberg, 14 October 2010
About competence and technology
In-competece
Un-experience
A
Competence
company / person
Competence
Experience
B
Knowledge (school, education, courses, viisits, meetings, seminars)
Skills (practical training, experience, exercise)
Design and installation, operation, service and maintenance;
Qualified, competent and skilled personnel - training, certification, etc.
Immature
Demonstration
A
Technology
systems / components
Mature
Fully developed
B
Research and development (experiments, labtests, prototypes)
Production and sales (performance, efffiency, reliable, proven, price, competitive)
Standards and legislation (safety, environment)
Availability, cost, safety, regulations;
Access to refrigerant and components, expenses, risk management, restrictions in use
Nuremberg, 14 October 2010
Instruction and training - theory and hands-on
Basic education, courses, seminars, conferences …
Training equipment
Classroom and instruction
Schools, Universities, R&D Institutes, Centres …
Nuremberg, 14 October 2010
DTI´s course: CO2 - principles and ”hands-on”
Principles (1 day):
Basics about CO2 as a refrigerant
Trans critical system
Materials, components and connections
Safety
System designs (sub- and trans critical, indirect)
100% in class-room
Hands-on (1 day):
Basics about CO2 as a refrigerant
Cascade system
Materials, components and connections
Safety
Practical training with CO2-systems in laboratory
System designs (sub- and trans critical, indirect)
80% practical training
Standard courses in-house
Tailor-made external courses
Transportable training systems
Trans critical system
Nuremberg, 14 October 2010
Educational challenges
… when dealing with CO2 and other natural refrigerants
Issues
Current skill level of the industry
CO2 expertise is critical to the growth potential of CO2
What the industry needs to do to get up to speed in order to implement CO2 systems
Effective guidelines for designing and implementing a CO2 system
Competent instructors
Training facilities and equipment
Much larger switch-over within refrigeration trade compared to phase-out of CFC
Important for everyone to start “early” and obtain their own experience
Nuremberg, 14 October 2010
Visits and lectures on new cases
Several meetings and seminars held on new cases with HFC free cooling
A 2-day conference called ”Danish days of Refrigeration” is held every
year with 2-3 parallel sessions - and exhibition
A very effective way to transfer knowledge and experience from demo systems!
Typically arranged by two Danish Refrigeration Associations
(“Selskabet for Køleteknik” and “Dansk Køleforening”)
Nuremberg, 14 October 2010
Information Centre for HFC Free Cooling
Nuremberg, 14 October 2010
Information Centre for HFC Free Cooling
Nuremberg, 14 October 2010
Information Centre for Sustainable Technology ICST
A new international neutral technological un-political and transparent platform is
being established by DTI:
”International Information Centre for Sustainable Refrigeration and Heat
Pump Technology” (ICST)
For everybody, who deals with all types of refrigerant applications
A global alliance for “the right selection of refrigerant for the application”
The primary tool is to give everybody worldwide access to updated network and
knowledge on this international web-portal – in English language.
www.refrigerantfactbook.com
Nuremberg, 14 October 2010
Know-how and experience in Denmark
Consultancy, technical advice and assistance …
Cases:
The world’s first HFC free
McDonald’s Restaurant
Opened december 2002
Restaurant
 R744 CO2 and R290
propane for Walk-in
refrigerating and
freezing rooms
 R744 CO2 for HVAC
system
HVAC system
Walk-in
Consultants, installers, producers, wholesalers, colleagues, fairs, interest groups …
Nuremberg, 14 October 2010
Applications with natural refrigerants in Denmark
General impression
Ammonia NH3 (R717, R723)
Standard for industrial applications – just as before
Chillers for A/C
Units for large heat pump installations
HydroCarbons HC´s (R170, R290, R600a, R1270)
Air or water cooled units for applications with indirect systems
Heat pumps
Carbondioxide CO2 (R744)
Few subcritical and mostly transcritical CO2-units for supermarkets, industry,
A/C, heat pumps, indirect systems, …
Systems with natural refrigerants are available and being used for many
applications – designed according to standards and legislation
Nuremberg, 14 October 2010
Situation and experiences in Denmark 2010 (now)
According to wholesalers
Frank NH
Jensen
Ammonia
3 (R717, R723)
Danish
EPA,activity
Chemical
Division
Some
increasing
- business
as usual.
Smaller plants than before are built in small numbers
HydroCarbons HC´s (R170, R290, R600a, R1270)
Decreasing activity in general, but increasing activity for chillers and maybe heat
pumps, due to high COP’s
Carbondioxide CO2 (R744)
Relatively high and increasing level of activity, components available, transitional
period over.
Subcritical applications is OK, only few can design and build transcritical
systems.
Fear for complexity and high pressures is decreasing.
Continues …
Nuremberg, 14 October 2010
Situation and experiences in Denmark 2010 (now)
According to wholesalers
Frank …
Jensen
Continued
Danish EPA, Chemical Division
HydroFlouroCarbons HFC´s (R134a, R404A, R507C, R410A, R507A)
Decreasing activity
Still standard type of refrigerant for ”small” systems (150 g < charge < 10 kg)
Typically up to 2-3 systems in parallel - each with less than 10 kg charge.
Still a lot of brine systems are made in special ”Danish Versions” with charge
under 10 kg
Refrigerants and components are available …
Only few and small contractors are ”hit” hard by the danish legislation
Wants same legislation as in other countries – no special regulations in DK
Nuremberg, 14 October 2010
Situation and experiences in Denmark 2010 (now)
According to installers (contractors)
Frank NH
Jensen
Ammonia
3 (R717, R723)
Danish
Division
Around
10-15EPA,
% ofChemical
companies
use ammonia, increasing trend
HydroCarbons HC´s (R170, R290, R600a, R1270)
Only few companies work with HC´s
Carbondioxide CO2 (R744)
More than 25 % of the companies now have a lot of experience with CO2 and are
capable of handling CO2-designs similar to designs for other refrigerants.
Energy efficiency of CO2-systems is now being competitive with previous levels of
similar HFC-applications.
HydroFlouroCarbons HFC´s (R134a, R404A, R507C, R410A, R507A)
Everybody are using HFC´s
Danish installers have gained competence and know how to select refrigerant
and design systems for normal applications
Nuremberg, 14 October 2010
Final remarks and conclusions
The presentation has given a picture of todays situation and experience in Denmark:
 DK authorities have added tax on HFC s and phase-out HFC s since 2006/2007
 Authorities have requirements for competence of technicians and companies
 Danish EPA: Regulations with tax and phase-out worked
 Needed: Competent companies and persons, mature fully developed technology
 Instruction and training needed to give and build up competence to installers
 Visits and lectures about new cases are very effective for transfer of experience
 Information Centre for HFC Free Cooling offers assistance - free of charge
 Mc Donald´s first HFC-free restaurant has been in operation in Denmark since 2002
 Systems with natural refrigerants are available and being used for many applications
 Refrigerants and components are available
 Wholesalers wants same legislation as in other countries – no special DK-regulations
 Activity levels; Ammonia
( ), HydroCarbons
( ), Carbondioxide
( )
 Installers know how to select refrigerant and design systems for normal applications
 Refrigeration business have passed transitional stage and now works ”normal”
Nuremberg, 14 October 2010
Final remarks and conclusions
In-competece
Un-experience
A
Immature
Demonstration
A
Competence
company / person
Competence
Experience
Technology
systems / components
Mature
Fully developed
B
B
Thank you for your attention!
Nuremberg, 14 October 2010