abitibi-consolidated inc

Transcription

ABITIBI-CONSOLIDATED COMPANY OF CANADA
MEETING THE CHALLENGE
OF CLIMATE CHANGE
UPDATE ON ENERGY USE AND
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION INVENTORY
Consolidated Report for 1995-2001 vs 1990
Prepared for:
Canada’s Climate Change
Voluntary Challenge and Registry
(VCR) Program
Date:
June 30, 2003
Table of Contents
Table of Contents.............................................................................................................................. 2
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................. 4
1.0 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................... 5
2.0 COMPANY PROFILE.............................................................................................................. 5
3.0 SENIOR MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT .............................................................................. 6
4.0 BASELINE YEAR – QUANTIFICATION.................................................................................. 8
4.1 Methodology ........................................................................................................................ 8
4.2 Quantification ....................................................................................................................... 9
5.0 RESULTS ACHIEVED ............................................................................................................ 9
5.1 Summary of Results – 1990 and 1995-2001 ....................................................................... 9
5.2 Emission rates for Individual Greenhouse Gases .............................................................. 13
5.2.1 Carbon Dioxide (CO2).................................................................................................. 13
5.2.2 Methane (CH4)............................................................................................................. 13
5.2.3 Nitrous oxide (N2O)..................................................................................................... 13
5.2.4 General discussion ...................................................................................................... 13
5.3
Other GHG Sources.......................................................................................................... 13
5.4 Contribution of Key Energy Sources to GHG Emission Projections .................................. 14
5.4.1 Fossil Fuels ................................................................................................................. 14
5.4.2 Auxiliary Fuels ............................................................................................................. 15
5.4.3 Biomass....................................................................................................................... 15
5.4.4 Electricity (Indirect Emissions)..................................................................................... 16
5.5 Verification ......................................................................................................................... 16
6.0 GHG EMISSION PROJECTIONS ......................................................................................... 16
6.1 Methodology ...................................................................................................................... 16
6.2 Quantification ..................................................................................................................... 17
7.0 GHG emissions reduction Objective ..................................................................................... 19
7.1 Objective Definition ............................................................................................................ 19
7.2 Process for Target Review and Update ............................................................................. 19
7.3 Measures to Achieve Target (Action Plan) ........................................................................ 19
8.0 EDUCATION, TRAINING AND AWARENESS...................................................................... 20
8.1 Climate Change and Abitibi-Consolidated Employees ...................................................... 20
8.2 Climate Change and External Stakeholders ...................................................................... 21
APPENDIX A ............................................................................................................................... 23
APPENDIX B ............................................................................................................................... 26
B-1: Environmental, Health and Safety Policy ........................................................................... 27
B-2 : Sustainable Forest Management Policy.............................................................................. 28
APPENDIX C ............................................................................................................................... 29
APPENDIX D ............................................................................................................................... 35
D-1: Estimate of GHG emissions produced by Solid Wood Product Divisions ........................... 36
APPENDIX E ............................................................................................................................... 39
Abitib Consolidated Company of Canada- VCR Report 2003
Page 2
List of Figures and Tables
Figure 1: Pulp and Paper Production and Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Figure 2: Change in relative and total (net) GHG emissions vs 1990
Figure 3: Specific Energy Trend
Figure 4: Contribution of Principle Energy Sources to the Total Energy Consumption
Figure 5: Abitibi-Consolidated Biomass Consumption
10
12
12
14
15
Table 1: Summary of total NET GHG emissions and inventory for each GHG in 1990, and for 1995-2001 –
Canadian Pulp and paper divisions ....................................................................................................... 11
Table 2: Summary of Changes in GHG emissions for 1990 and for the 1995-2001 – Canadian Pulp and
paper divisions ....................................................................................................................................... 11
Table 3: Actual and Projected GHG Emission Scenarios ............................................................................ 18
.
Page 3
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
With this progress report, Abitibi-Consolidated Company of Canada (ACCC) is reaffirming
its participation in Canada’s Climate Change Voluntary Challenge and Registry (VCR)
Program. Abitibi-Consolidated’s goal is to continue on our course as a socially,
economically and environmentally responsible company, benefiting both our own interests
and those of the communities in which we operate. We are proud of our performance in
having reduced net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 29% since 1990. This was
made possible by the efforts of all our employees. We also recognize that climate change
is an ongoing issue that continues to threaten all the earth’s ecosystems, and so in the
coming years, we will continue to look for opportunities to reduce our direct and indirect
GHG emissions.
This submission is the first VCR report that consolidates the energy use and greenhouse
gas (GHG) emissions inventory for all of the company’s 17 pulp and paper1 manufacturing
facilities in Canada. It also describes the progress made since 1999 in reducing those
emissions.
In 2001, Abitibi-Consolidated’s direct GHG emissions, at 1.33 million tonnes carbon
dioxide equivalent (CO2e), were nearly 29% lower than the 1990 baseline emissions of
1.87 million tonnes of CO2e. When considered as tonnes of CO2e per tonne of paper
production, the GHG emissions intensity in 2001 was 35% lower than the 1990 baseline
emissions. In other words, each tonne of paper produced in 2001, created 0.304 tonnes
of greenhouse gases (in CO2e). In 1990, each tonne of product we made, produced
0.467 tonnes CO2e.
The reduction in direct GHG emissions over the 1990-2001 period is primarily due to the
following activities: replacement of Bunker C oil with natural gas at many facilities, the
replacement of self generated steam with purchased steam (third party cogeneration),
increased biomass combustion as an energy source (in lieu of fossil fuels) and improved
energy efficiency (overall reduction in fossil fuel usage per tonne of production).
1
GHG emissions associated with the 24 sawmills and remanufacturing facilities operated by ACI are not
included in the totals, but an estimate is attached. The St-Felicien pulp mill was sold in 2002 and therefore it
has been excluded from this inventory of Abitibi-Consolidated’s pulp and paper mill emissions of greenhouse
gases.
Page 4
1.0
INTRODUCTION
Abitibi-Consolidated Company of Canada is pleased to reaffirm its participation in
Canada’s Climate Change Voluntary Challenge and Registry (VCR) Program and in
the Canadian Industry Program for Energy Conservation (CIPEC).
These past years, the company has undergone several changes (namely the
merger between Abitibi-Price and Stone-Consolidated in 1997 and the acquisition of
Donohue Forest Products Inc. in 2000). To make things easier to understand, this
report considers the present status of the company’s Canadian operations as if they
had been part of the same corporate entity since 1990. Thus, comparisons are
always made between the present divisions and their results for 1990. Additionally,
when considered globally, company emissions are always compared to the same
list of operating units. Appendix A presents a complete list of the company’s
facilities. This appendix also includes a list of divisions that are no longer operated
by Abitibi-Consolidated (sold or closed) and for which emissions are not included in
the current inventory.
VCR progress reports were submitted in 1996, 1997, 1998 and 1999 representing
various groupings of mills, (submitted by by Abitibi-Price Inc., Stone-Consolidated
Inc. and Donohue Forest Products Inc.)
This report provides data on energy use and GHG emissions for all the Canadian
pulp and paper divisions for the baseline year (1990) as well as the results
achieved for the period between 1995 and 20012. It includes GHG emission
projections and targets until 2010, along with summary descriptions of measures
already taken or that may be taken to achieve future targets.
Total GHG emissions are reported for the pulp and paper mills operated by the
Company in Canada with individual facility results provided in Appendix C.
Greenhouse gas emissions associated with the Company’s 25 sawmills and lumber
remanufacturing facilities have not been included in the inventory presented in this
report. An estimate of these emissions can be found in Appendix D.
2.0
COMPANY PROFILE
Abitibi-Consolidated Company of Canada is a wholly owned subsidiary of Abitibi
Consolidated Inc.. It is a Canadian company, with its headquarters at:
1155 Metcalfe, Suite 800
Montreal, Quebec
Canada, H3B 5H2
Abitibi-Consolidated is a global leader in newsprint and uncoated groundwood
2
The 1991-1994 data were not recompiled for all divisions because the collection of raw data inputs and
calculation methods used at the time were not consistent among all divisions. To ensure a fair comparison,
the data for that period are not presented but those for the 1995-2002 period, and for the baseline year of
1990, have been reassessed using a common approach and are included for comparison purposes.
Page 5
papers with ownership interests in 27 paper mills in Canada, the U.S., the U.K. and
Asia (including its 50% interest in Pan Asia Paper Co.) and in 22 sawmills, and 3
lumber remanufacturing facilities, and 10 paper recycling centers. The Company
has approximately 16,000 employees and it sells its products in nearly 100
countries.
Abitibi-Consolidated operates 17 pulp & paper mills in Canada. The complete list of
Canadian operations with their addresses is shown in Appendix A.
Abitibi-Consolidated owns hydroelectric operations with installed capacity of
approximately 530 MW, used by our operations.
3.0
SENIOR MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT
Abitibi-Consolidated is committed to reducing its direct GHG emissions through the
efficient use and management of all forms of energy. Management of forests in a
manner that helps to protect, maintain and enhance forest ecosystem health and
productivity is also a key focal area for potential enhanced removal of atmospheric
carbon.
John W. Weaver, the President and CEO, continues to endorse the Company’s
commitment to continue maintaining GHG emissions under 1990 levels. Bruno
Tremblay, Senior Vice-President, Technology Services, is responsible for managing
issues pertaining to the efficient use of energy and overall greenhouse gas
reduction.
Policies
Senior management endorsement and commitment is further illustrated in the
company’s Environmental, Health and Safety Policy and Sustainable Forest
Management Policies. These policies show our commitment to the protection and
enhancement of the natural resources in our care and to the minimization of the
negative impacts of our activities on the environment. These policies are provided
in Appendix B.
Environmental Management System
Abitibi-Consolidated is committed to upgrading its company-wide environmental
management system and integrating sustainable forest management components
into this system. This management system will allow the company to measure its
environmental performance and progress, and to set targets, thereby encouraging
continual improvement. In 2002, it was decided that all divisions must have their
environmental management systems certified to the ISO 14001 standard. As of
June 30th, 2003, eight pulp and paper mills and seven sawmills have obtained this
certification. With one exception (Alma), all the remaining Canadian divisions
should have their environmental management systems certified by the end of 2003.
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Sustainability is a key success factor for our industry as for our company as a
whole. Accordingly, Abitibi-Consolidated has committed to manage the resources
in its care, for the benefit of future generations. One of the tools used to reflect this
commitment is forest certification; an independent third-party audit of our practices
based on recognized standards. The company committed to develop and
implement environmental management and forest management systems (FEMS) in
all its woodland operations and to make sure that these systems were certified ISO
14001 by the end of 2002.
The scope of our FEMS includes the six sustainable forest management criteria as
defined by the Canadian Council of Forest Ministers (CCFM), adopted in 1995.
These criteria include conservation of biodiversity; forest condition and ecosystem
productivity; soil and water conservation; multiple benefits to society; global
ecological cycles of the forest’s contribution to global processes, such as carbon
cycles; and accepting society's responsibility to sustainable development.
At the end of 2002, Abitibi-Consolidated met its initial goal for certification:
currently, 17.3 million hectares of the forest lands under our care (96% of the lands
under our management) were included in an FEMS certified to the ISO 14001
standard. In 2002, Abitibi-Consolidated committed to implementing a sustainable
forest management standard for all North American operations by the end of 2005.
The CSA Z809 standard is our chosen standard for all operations on Canadian
public lands. We are well on our way to meeting this goal: as of June 2003, 2.4
milion hectares or 13% of the lands under our management have been certified to
this standard.
Participation in Research and Development
The Company’s commitment to energy and GHG emission reduction is further
illustrated through the active participation of senior management representatives on
the following task forces to address the climate change issue:
•
•
FPAC’s Sustainabilty Steering Committee
FPAC Climate Change Committee
Abitibi-Consolidated is an active partner in a number of research institutions that
cover a wide range of sustainable forest management aspects and the increased
efficiency of manufacturing processes. Among these institutions are:
•
•
•
•
•
Participation in the Sustainable Forest Management Network of the National
Centres of Excellence
Participation in the consortium de recherche sur la forêt boréale
Partner in four model forests belonging to the Canadian Model Forest
Network
Partner in various university research chairs
Partner in the research fund for northern species (Quebec)
Page 7
•
Participation with the Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada (energy
efficient processes and water use reduction for pulp and paper mills)
In particular, the transfer of research knowledge to company foresters and forest
managers is an essential part of each forest research program and helps AbitibiConsolidated to improve yield and forest planning, and to adapt operating strategies
that ensure sustainability of the forest. These are actions that have a positive
impact on the rate of carbon uptake and storage in the forest ecosystem.
Procurement Policies that Support GHG Emission Reduction
Although the company does not, at present, have specific company-wide
procurement policies with respect to purchases which are supportive of GHG
emission reduction, many of the individual mills have policies with respect to the
purchase of energy efficient technologies, including energy efficient motors,
variable speed drives, etc. in both new and replacement applications.
4.0
BASELINE YEAR – QUANTIFICATION
4.1
Methodology
In this report, 1990 was again used as the baseline year. The greenhouse gases
considered are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). The
same methodology was used to quantify emissions for each subsequent year.
First, in order to determine direct GHG emissions3, usage data for all types of fuels
used in the 17 pulp and paper divisions were collected and validated4. Emissions of
each one of the three gases are estimated by multiplying the quantity of each fuel
used, by its emission coefficient as referenced in Environment Canada’s GHG
inventories (see Canada’s Greenhouse Gas Inventories 1990-1997, Appendix C).
These various gas emissions are then converted into CO2e by multiplying them by
their respective global warming potentials (1 for CO2, 21 for CH4 and 310 for N2O).
In accordance with the protocol developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC), we are principally concerned with net GHG emissions, (i.e.
CO2 discharged when burning biomass is not included). For clarification however,
methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions originating from biomass
combustion have been included in total net emissions. Detailed GHG emission
results are provided in Appendix C and discussed in the following sections of the
report.
Emissions produced by third parties, for our own manufacturing operations (such as
purchased electricity) are considered as an indirect source of GHG and are
generally excluded from the Company’s totals. GHG quantities from indirect
sources are described in Appendix C and discussed in section 5.4.
3
Unless otherwise specified, references to GHG emissions mean direct emissions only, i.e. emissions resulting directly
from our manufacturing operations and not the activities undertaken by third parties (such as purchased electricity).
4
GHG emissions from our lumber divisions (sawmills) and remanufacturing operations, hydroelectric stations and other
facilities are not included in this inventory.
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An estimate of GHG emissions produced by the lumber divisions was developed
using detailed data provided by only three of them. This estimate shows that the
contribution by the Wood Products Division direct GHG emissions is quite low (less
than 3% of total company emissions) as compared to that of the pulp and paper
mills. Because of this and since the lumber operations’ information management
systems are not as developed, it was decided that collecting detailed information for
all remaining divisions for prior years (including the 1990 baseline year) was not
practical. If required, a more accurate review may be conducted in the future. The
results of this estimate are presented in Appendix D and are included for
information purposes only.
4.2
Quantification
In the following section (5.1), Table 1 presents the GHG emissions for the baseline
year (1990) as compared to the years 1995-2001 for all pulp and paper divisions.
In this report, total GHG emissions are generally reported in terms of net tonnes of
CO2e and relative tonnes of CO2e (tonnes of CO2e per tonne of production). Data
has also been provided for each GHG (CO2, CH4 and N2O).
For the year 19905, net emissions exceeded 1.87 million tonnes of CO2e and this
gave a net emission rate of 0.467 tonnes of GHG (as CO2e) per tonne of
production.
Gross emissions (which include CO2 originating from biomass combustion) are
found in Table C2 (Appendix C). In 1990, gross emissions of GHG were
approximately 3.23 million tonnes of CO2e. A detailed listing of gross GHG
emissions can be seen in Appendix C.
5.0
RESULTS ACHIEVED
5.1
Summary of Results – 1990 and 1995-2001
Overall, there has been a significant increase in total production since 19906:
production improvements of approximately 19%, 23% and 9% compared to the
baseline year, are seen for 1999, 2000 and 2001 respectively. In this same period,
total gross emissions7 (in tonnes of CO2e) of GHG have declined by between 2 and
8% while net emissions have declined by up to 29%.
Figure 1 presents pulp and paper mill production and total net and gross GHG
5
As stated earlier this data does not include the results obtained for the lumber divisons. An estimate for
those results can be found in Appendix D.
6
The overall results for 1998 are not reflective of normal company operations. They include reductions as a
result of shutdowns at several Canadian mills for a period of approximately 5 months (due to a labour
dispute).
7
A detailed listing of gross GHG emissions can be seen at Appendix C.
Page 9
emissions for the 1990-2001 period. Gross greenhouse gas emissions are
provided for information purposes only: they include GHG emissions as a result of
biomass combustion, which are considered neutral.
Figure 1: Pulp and Paper Production and Greenhouse Gas Emissions
6,000,000
5,000,000
3,000,000
4,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
2,000,000
2,000,000
1,500,000
Production (Tonnes)
GHG Emissions Tonnes CO2e/year
3,500,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
1990
1995
1996
1997
GHG (Gross)
1998
GHG (Net)
1999
2000
0
2001
Production
The reduction in GHG emissions is mainly attributable to the following activities:
•
•
•
Replacement of Bunker C with natural gas at many divisions (boilers);
Replacement of self generated steam with purchased steam (third
party cogeneration activities);
Improved energy efficiency (overall reduction in fossil fuel usage per
tonne of production).
Table 1 presents total GHG emissions for the baseline year (1990) as compared to
the years 1995-2001 for all pulp and paper divisions. GHG emissions are reported
in terms of absolute tonnes of CO2e, relative tonnes of CO2e (net tonnes of CO2e
per tonne of production) and tonnes for each type of gas (CO2, CH4 and N2O).
Table 2 shows the percent change in GHG emissions (in tonnes of CO2e) that has
occurred since 1990. Table 2 also presents the change in GHG emissions intensity
(tonnes CO2e / tonne production) between the baseline year and each year in the
period 1995-2001 period. These changes are shown graphically in Figure 2.
Page 10
Table 1: Summary of total NET GHG emissions and inventory for each GHG in
1990, and for 1995-2001 – Canadian Pulp and paper divisions
Production
Year
tonnes
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
4,015,626
4,671,703
4,333,623
4,597,322
3,688,452
4,766,678
4,924,393
4,376,052
CO2 equivalent
net emissions
CO2
CH4
N2O
tonnes
tonnes /
tonne
production
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1,873,454
1,800,508
1,729,048
1,569,747
1,334,480
1,372,774
1,474,289
1,330,833
0.467
0.385
0.399
0.341
0.362
0.288
0.299
0.304
1,872,346
1,771,254
1,699,598
1,644,662
1,569,431
1,716,188
1,652,310
1,481,513
142.1
135.5
125.2
142.8
144.9
173.7
177.6
165.3
109.2
105.5
97.2
121.0
123.7
152.3
151.8
137.7
Table 2: Summary of Changes in GHG emissions for 1990 and for the 19952001 – Canadian Pulp and paper divisions
CO2 equivalent
Net Emissions
Year
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Intensity Basis
tonnes CO2e/tonne
Production
tonnes
Change Vs
1990
tonnes
Change Vs 1990
1,873,454
1,800,508
1,729,048
1,569,747
1,334,480
1,372,774
1,474,289
1,330,833
N.A
3.9%
7.7%
16.2%
28.8%
26.7%
21.3%
29.0%
0.467
0.385
0.399
0.341
0.362
0.288
0.299
0.304
6.9
17.4%
14.5%
26.8%
22.5%
38.3%
35.8%
34.8%
Specific energy data has been provided in Appendix C. The trend shown in Figure
3, indicates that total specific energy8 (energy/production unit in GJ/tonne) tends to
decrease, especially for the last 3 years (6.8% reduction in 2001 as compared to
1990).
8
In this case, specific energy also includes energy purchased from third parties (electricity).
Page 11
Figure 2: Change in relative and total (net) GHG emissions vs 1990
0.0%
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
-5.0%
% Change in total GHG Emissions
versus 1990
-10.0%
-15.0%
-20.0%
-25.0%
-30.0%
-35.0%
% Change in relative GHG emissions
versus 1990
-40.0%
-45.0%
Figure 3: Specific Energy Trend
GigaJoules/tonne
25.0
20.7
20.1
20.0
19.9
19.7
19.0
18.8
19.3
18.2
15.0
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
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5.2
Emission rates for Individual Greenhouse Gases
The data for each one of the three GHGs can be found in Table 1 and the
detailed results in Tables C-6 through C-9 (Appendix C). A brief description of
each is included below.
5.2.1
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Gross CO2 emissions have had an an overall decrease of nearly 9 % in 2001
compared to 1990. The decrease is more noticeable in net emissions: over time,
net CO2 emission levels have always been lower than in 1990, and were 20.9%
below the 1990 baseline level in 2001.
5.2.2
Methane (CH4)
CH4 emissions have tended to increase in recent years: compared to 1990;
increases range from 16-25 % in over the 1999 to 2001 period. However, CH4
contributes only 0.1 % to total gross CO2e emissions and around 0.3% of net
emissions.
5.2.3
Nitrous oxide (N2O)
N2O emissions follow the same trend as CH4 emissions and show an increase
of between 25 and 40% over the past three years compared to 1990 levels.
However, N2O contributes only 1.5% of gross CO2e emissions and around 3%
of net emissions.
5.2.4
General discussion
In general, the observed trend for each individual GHG can be explained by the
increased use of biomass fuels and the replacement of Bunker C with natural
gas.
An examination of emission factors used shows that bark and biomass
combustion produces more CH4 and N2O emissions than heavy and light oils or
natural gas. However, when compared with fossil fuels, biomass produces half
as much CO2e emissions.
Therefore, while replacement of fossil fuels with biomass tends to increase CH4
and N2O production, it still results in a significant overall reduction in net CO2e
emissions when compared to fossil fuel combustion.
5.3
Other GHG Sources
Appendix E presents a discussion of potential methane emissions originating
from pulp and paper mill process waste disposal sites (landfills).
Page 13
This analysis shows that emissions produced by the Company’s landfills could
represent approximately 10% of total greenhouse gas emissions. These results
are considered, at best, a conservative estimate and involve a significant level of
uncertainty and so they have not been included in CO2e totals reported herein.
In the future, it is expected that more extensive site-specific analysis can be
done to validate these theoretical results.
5.4
Contribution of Key Energy Sources to GHG Emission Projections
Figure 4 shows the contribution of the main energy sources to the overall energy
usage for each year. The discussion of each of the key sources is provided
below.
Figure 4: Contribution of Principle Energy Sources to the Total Energy
Consumption
100%
18%
17%
16%
46%
47%
47%
18%
19%
49%
49%
30%
1997
21%
22%
22%
50%
48%
49%
30%
26%
25%
23%
1998
1999
2000
2001
80%
60%
40%
20%
36%
34%
35%
1990
1995
1996
0%
Fossil Fuels
5.4.1
Electricity
Biomass
Fossil Fuels
The overall fossil fuel contribution (including auxiliary fuels) to total energy use
decreased from 36% in 1990 to 23% in 2001.
Bunker C use decreased sharply between 1990 and 1999 (up to 45% reduction
compared to 1990 levels. In recent years consumption has remained below
1990 levels (24% below 1990 in 2000 and 12% below 1990 in 2001.
Natural Gas consumption has also decreased significantly below 1990 levels: in
2001 usage was nearly 50 % below 1990 levels.
Page 14
5.4.2
Auxiliary Fuels
Auxiliary fuels include the various fuels used in mobile equipment, i.e. gasoline,
diesel and propane.
Overall, the contribution of all these fuels has declined since 1990. Reductions
ranging from 20% to 50% have been observed.
5.4.3
Biomass
Overall, the contribution of biomass combustion to total energy (including
purchased electricity) utilized, rose from 18% in 1990 to 22% in 2001.
The use of biomass as an energy source increased significantly until 2000.
Most of the increase was due to the burning of increased amounts of selfgenerated biomass (versus biomass purchased from external sources).
Biomass combustion is considered to be “carbon neutral”.
In 2001, the company consumed 25% more biomass (for energy purposes) than
1990. This trend is expected to continue increasing in the future. The overall
trend in biomass consumption for energy purposes is shown in Figure 5
Figure 5: Abitibi-Consolidated Biomass Consumption
900,000
840,506
779,696
800,000
723,978
Tonnes /year
700,000
600,000
651,621
584,009
679,520
568,177
516,873
500,000
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
0
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Year
Page 15
5.4.4
Electricity (Indirect Emissions)
As seen in Figure 4, the overall contribution of electricity to total energy utilized
is relatively stable. Energy needs from electricity account for between 46% and
49% of total energy needs for the 1990-2001 period.
However, the absolute use of self-generated and purchased electricity has
increased, peaking in 2000 (18% increase over 1990) and then decreasing in
2001 (8.4%, or a decrease of approximately 10% over the previous year). The
use of electricity generated on site has levelled over the last three years while
purchased electricity followed the general trend. Thus, a greater share of
energy purchased from outside sources is being used to meet higher production
rates.
Indirect GHG emissions originating from purchased electricity follow much the
same trend as electricity use). Indirect emissions account for 14% to 18% of
total gross direct emissions but 25% to 40% of total net emissions. The details
of these results can be seen in Appendix C.
This trend with respect to indirect GHG emissions is partly the result of the
general production rate increases and the greater use of thermomechanical
pulping (TMP) manufacturing processes in some mills. TMP requires more
electrical energy, however the process results in a significantly higher yield of
raw fiber use (less wastage), and a reduction in the use of chemical pulp, both
of which provide other measurable environmental benefits.
5.5
Verification
Abitibi-Consolidated’s energy consumption is verified using energy/fuel supplier
records. Quarterly energy use reports are submitted to Statistics Canada and to
FPAC. Financial records are audited annually by the internal audit department.
The calculation of GHG emissions has not been formally verified by a third
party.
6.0
GHG EMISSION PROJECTIONS
6.1
Methodology
GHG emissions are largely related to energy and fossil fuel use. It is difficult to
accurately forecast consumption of these to the year 2010 since they may vary
considerably from year to year due to external factors that will impact energy
usage, including weather, economic conditions or other causes. Despite this
uncertainty, a method for assessing potential future GHG emissions has been
developed and is included here for illustrative purposes only.
Page 16
This estimate of future emissions does not take into account any specific
obligations that will arise as a result of the federal government’s National action
plan on climate change as established in November 2002.
Two “extreme” scenarios were used to project actual GHG emissions. The real
future emissions are expected to be somewhere between these two extremes.
All results are provided in Table 3.
Scenario 1: No further relative GHG reduction improvement after
2001, with constant production rate,
For this analysis it is assumed that no additional measures will be taken to
reduce GHG after 2001 and that the overall emission rate for the 2002-2010
period will remain constant and equal to that average of the past three years.
Production is also assumed to be constant at the current average rate.
Scenario 2 : Maintain current GHG intensity while Production
increases.
For this scenario, the GHG Emission intensity is assumed to be constant at
current levels (average of past three years) while a more realistic production
rate is used. In this scenario production is expected to increase by
approximately 10% by 2010, as a result of general efficiency improvements.
This increased is applied progressively as a 1.1 % production improvement
annually.
For both scenarios 1 and 2, future GHG emissions are estimated by multiplying
the projected net GHG emission rate by the expected production rate.
6.2
Quantification
Emission projections for the 2002-2010 period, calculated using the two
scenarios described in section 6.1, are summarized in Table 3 below, along with
the % change from the 1990 baseline.
Under scenario 1, 2010 total GHG emissions could be on the order of 1.4 million
tonnes CO2e. Under scenario 2, GHG emissions could be higher at
approximately 1.54 million tonnes CO2e annually. Actual results are expected
to be in between these two extremes.
A less likely scenario, not shown here, for estimating future emissions of GHG
assumes that the pulp & paper mills would be able to continue reducing GHG
emissions at the same rate as in past years (decreasing emission intensity).
This scenario is extremely optimistic and it does not reflect the technological
limitations of current manufacturing processes. It would require a fundamental
change to the current approach for providing energy at several mills (e.g.:
increased use of third party cogeneration or extension of natural gas pipelines
where currently not available).
Page 17
Table 3: Actual and Projected GHG Emission Scenarios
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
4.016
4.672
4.337
4.597
3.688
4.767
4.924
4.376
2002
Total Actual Production
(million t/yr)
4.689
Total Forcasted Production
(million t/yr) Scenario 1
4.741
Total Forcasted Production
(million t/yr) Scenario 2
0.467
0.385
0.399
0.341
0.362
0.288
0.299
0.304
Actual net t CO2e/t
0.297
1999-2001 avg. net t CO2e/t
1.873
2.180
2.022
2.145
1.721
2.224
2.297
2.042
2.212
Projected GHG emission if
no measures taken since
1990 (million t CO2e/yr)
0.0%
16.3%
7.9%
14.5% -8.1% 18.7% 22.6%
9.0%
18.1%
% change from 1990 (base
tonnes/year)
1.873
1.801
1.729
1.570
1.334
1.373
1.474
1.331
Actual GHG emissions
(million t CO2e/yr)
0.0%
-3.9% -7.7% -16.2% -28.8% -26.7% -21.3% -29.0%
% change from 1990
(absolute emissions)
0.0%
-17.4% -14.5% -26.8% -22.5% -38.3% -35.8% -34.8%
% change of actual
emissions intensity since
1990
1.393
Scenario 1: Projected GHG emissions if no additional measures after 2001
(Constant average GHG intensity and production rate
% change from 1990 of
projected emissions for
Scenario 1
Scenario 2: Projected GHG At constant Emission intensity but increasing
production
% change from 1990 of
projected emissions for
Scenario 2
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
4.709
4.709
4.709
4.709
4.709
4.709
4.709
4.709
4.793
4.846
4.899
4.953
5.007
5.062
5.118
5.174
0.297
0.297
0.297
0.297
0.297
0.297
0.297
0.297
2.236
2.261
2.286
2.311
2.336
2.362
2.388
2.414
19.4%
20.7%
22.0%
23.3%
24.7%
26.1%
27.5%
28.9%
1.393
1.393
1.393
1.393
1.393
1.393
1.393
1.393
-25.7%
-25.7
25.7%
-25.7
25.7%
-25.7
25.7%
-25.7
25.7%
1.408
1.423
1.439
1.455
1.471
1.487
1.503
1.520
1.537
-24.8% -24.0% -23.2% -22.3% -21.5% -20.6% -19.7% -18.9% -18.0%
Page 18
7.0
GHG emissions reduction Objective
7.1
Objective Definition
Abitibi-Consolidated’s objective with respect to GHG emissions is to
consistently reduce its overall GHG emission rate in net tonnes of CO2e/tonne
of production from the 1990 baseline level.
With total production from all pulp and paper mill operations forecasted at over
5,000,000 tonnes/year, the GHG emission target in terms of absolute tonnes
of CO2e would be to continue decreasing our GHG emission rate and to the
extent possible remain below our current absolute emissions rate of 1.33
million net tonnes of CO2e.
Currently, the federal government has targeted the pulp and paper sector for
further GHG emission reductions, as a component of the national
implementation plan for the Kyoto Protocol. At this time, it is not known what
additional commitments might be imposed on the company. When these are
known they will be integrated into our emission reduction plans.
The overall company-wide energy reduction goal is 1% reduction per year.
The actual reduction in direct GHG emissions from operations associated with
this energy reduction over the next few years will depend on the
implementation at each facilty, of a site specific energy strategy that optimizes
the energy portfolio in such a way that minimizes use of high GHG intensity
fuels (where equipment and processes allow), and increases consumption of
biomass type fuels. This approach will allow the company to reduce direct
GHG reductions where opportunities exist.
The company’s overall energy reduction strategy should also permit reductions
of indirect emissions as a result of reduced electricity purchases.
7.2
Process for Target Review and Update
As previously mentioned, Abitibi-Consolidated has appointed the Senior VicePresident, Technology Services to coordinate and oversee activities and
projects related to energy usage and GHG emission reduction. All projects are
reviewed on an annual basis along with the overall performance of each
division.
7.3
Measures to Achieve Target (Action Plan)
In 2003, the company has undertaken a program to develop an inventory of
GHG reduction opportunities across all pulp and paper divisions. Once these
are identified, it will be possible to develop additional targets related to GHG
emission reduction, in consideration of the full costs and co-benefits
associated with such projects. For example, the capacity and opportunity to
consume greater amounts of biomass must be assessed against the need for
Page 19
additional pollution control measures as a result of increased emissions of
other contaminants.
The company is currently collaborating with the Canadian Forest service on
forest carbon modeling and sequestration projects at two of the model forests
where we are partners (Lake Abitibi Model Forest and the Western
Newfoundland Model Forest).
Starting in 2004, the company will be tracking the GHG intensity of its
operations on an annual basis as part of its performance incentive program.
The inclusion of this new performance target may result in some divisions
establishing specific improvement targets related to greenhouse gases.
These targets would be in addition to general corporate targets energy
reduction.
Currently, the federal government has targeted the pulp and paper sector for
further GHG emission reductions, as a component of the national
implementation plan for the Kyoto Protocol. At this time, it is not known what
additional commitments might be imposed on the company. For this reason,
and as a result of the more substantive review of potential projects, underway
(noted above), a list of specific activities or projects that may reduce GHG
emissions or energy consumption is not available at this time. This also
includes any additional projects that may enhance carbon sequestration or
provide for afforestation potential, on the forest lands which are owned by
Abitibi-Consolidated or under our management responsibility.
8.0
EDUCATION, TRAINING AND AWARENESS
Abitibi-Consolidated’s goal is to continue on our course as a socially,
economically and environmentally responsible company, benefiting both our own
interests and those of the communities in which we operate. We will continue to
work together with all our stakeholders but especially with those in the
communities where we operate.
The company is proud of its performance in having reduced net GHG emissions
by 29% since 1990. This was made possible by the efforts of all our employees.
We recognize that the forests upon which our activities depend may suffer from
the consequences of climate change and so we will continue to work with all
stakeholders to prevent thes impacts. We will continue to look for opportunities
to reduce our direct GHG emissions.
8.1
Climate Change and Abitibi-Consolidated Employees
Abitibi-Consolidated will utilize this report as a tool to continue to raise awareness
of climate change issues within the organization and among our employees, and
to encourage the use of ecologically efficient practices at work and at home. The
report itself will be publicly available through its posting on the company website.
Page 20
More specifically it will be made available to all employees through the companywide intranet and by other means.
Through the implementation of a local environmental management system, all
divisions are required to establish processes that ensure employees are properly
trained in the environmental impacts of their activities. Where necessary, this will
include training on the tools that are available to them, to reduce emissions of
greenhouse gases.
We will continue to use the internal networks and discussion forums that are
already established to promote the exchange and use of best practices, and
sharing of information across all operations. Some of these, related to
greenhouse gas reduction and energy efficiency include:
8.2
•
The publication of climate change/GHG emission articles in addition to
energy awareness articles in company newsletters, on the website or
through the environmental intranet.
•
Employee participation in meetings and other forms of inter-divisional
forums and technical meetings that promote the exchange of best
practices between the different Abitibi-Consolidated operations, including
best practices in the area of energy efficiency.
•
Use of company specific electronic forums / discussion groups / electronic
billboards for information exchange
•
Promoting the establishment of local energy reduction committees and
task forces.
•
Employee participation in external networks and industrial associations
where knowledge of current practices and technologies can be obtained
and retransmitted within our operations.
•
Participation in relevant research related to improving the overall energy
efficiency of our processes and promoting system closure.
Climate Change and External Stakeholders
At present, Abitibi-Consolidated does not have a formal program aimed at
external suppliers with respect to GHG emissions or climate change.
However, for major capital projects and equipment replacement, we work
with our suppliers to introduce processes that are less harmful to the
environment and implement more energy-efficient technologies where
economically feasible.
Page 21
Abitibi-Consolidated does participate in various external committees and
working groups where energy reduction, greenhouse gases or climate
change may be discussed. Some of these include:
•
•
•
•
•
Forest Carbon, Energy and Climate Change committees of the
Forest Products Association Of Canada,
The Council of Quebec Forest Industries
The Ontario Forest Products Association etc.
The EXCEL Forum
Forest and environmental research networks as previously
discussed.
Page 22
APPENDIX A
Page 23
Table A - 1 List of Canadian pulp and paper divisions
DIVISION
Alma
Alma QC
Amos
Amos QC
Baie-Comeau
Baie-Comeau QC
Beaupré
Beaupré QC
Belgo
Shawinigan QC
Clermont
Clermont , QC
Laurentide
Grand-Mère QC
Kénogami
Jonquière QC
Port-Alfred
La Baie QC
Fort Frances
Fort Frances ON
Fort William
Thunder Bay ON
Iroquois Falls
Iroquois Falls ON
Kenora
Kenora ON
Thorold
Thorold ON
Grand Falls
Grand Falls NF
Stephenville
Stephenville, NF
Mackenzie Paper
Mackenzie BC
Division
TOTAL – 17 CANADIAN MILLS
ADDRESS
Table A - 2 List of pulp and paper divisions outside Canada
DIVISION
Alabama River
Newsprint (50 %
partnership)
Augusta Newsprint (50
% partnership)
(Georgia)
Lufkin (Texas)
Sheldon (Texas)
Snowflake (Arizona)
Bridgewater Paper
Company (United
Kingdom)
ADDRESS
Caliborne, Alabama USA
Augusta, Georgia, USA
Lufkin TX USA
Houston TX USA
Snowflake AZ, USA
Ellesmere Port, UK
Pan-Asia Paper Company – 50 % partnership (4 mills in South Korea,
China, Thailand)
n.a.
TOTAL – 10 mills
outside Canada
Page 24
Table A - 3 Sawmills and Secondary Manufacturing Operations Owned by ACCC
DIVISION
Québec - Abitibi region
Senneterre
ADDRESS
Senneterre (Québec)
Champneuf
Champneuf (Québec)
Comtois
Lebel-sur-Quévillon (Québec)
Québec - Lac-Saint-Jean region
Chibougameau
Girardville
St-Félicien (Québec)
Girardville (Québec)
La Doré
La Doré (Québec)
Roberval
Roberval (Québec)
St-Prime (finger-jointing)
St-Prime (Québec)
St-Prime
St-Prime (Québec)
St-Thomas
Québec - Mauricie region
La Tuque
Québec - North Shore region
Outardes
Québec - Charlevoix region
Saguenay
St-Thomas-Didyme (Québec)
La Tuque (Québec)
Baie Comeau (Québec)
Jonquière (Québec)
Chateau-Richer
Château-Richer (Québec)
Petit-saguenay
Petit-Saguenay (Québec)
St-Fulgence
St-Hilarion
British Columbia
Mackenzie
St-Fulgence (Québec)
St-Hilarion (Québec)
Mackenzie (BC)
Table A - 4 Divisions sold or closed
Explanation
DIVISIONS
Wayagamack
ADDRESS
Trois Rivieres QC
Sold 2001
Chandler
Chandler QC
Sold 2000
West Tacoma
West Tacoma, WA
Closed 2000
St-Félicien
St-Félicien QC
Sold in 2002
Page 25
APPENDIX B
Page 26
B-1: Environmental, Health and Safety Policy
Abitibi-Consolidated knows that our long-term health is dependent on the sustainability of the natural
resources in our care. We are committed to the protection and enhancement of these resources, as
well as the health and safety of our employees and the protection of their communities. Our goal is to
strive continuously for improvement in meeting these commitments for the benefit of society today and
future generations and for the economic well-being of our company.
We Value…
The Law
Our Policy
Manage for compliance with all environmental, health and safety laws and
regulations in all operating jurisdictions.
Leadership
Implement an environmental management program that is consistent with
best practices and strives to go beyond compliance with laws and
regulations.
A Healthy Environment
Minimize the negative impacts of all our activities on the environment.
Biodiversity
Maintain forest biodiversity and wildlife habitat over time and space,
through careful planning, silvicultural prescriptions and forest renewal
programs appropriate for each ecosystem.
Wise Use of Resources
Actively encourage waste reduction, recovery at source and recycling.
Multiple Use and
Sustainable Yield
Our Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) practices encourage and
seek balance in the multiple use of forest lands while ensuring that we
manage for a sustainable yield of fibre.
Public Participation and
Open Communication
Dialogue with all stakeholders, being sensitive and responsive to the
concerns of those impacted by our operations.
Learning
Actively encourage a high level of environmental, health and safety
knowledge among our employees and within our host communities.
Health and Safety
Place a top priority on the health and physical well-being of our
employees by providing a safe working environment and promoting the
best work practices. In meeting these objectives, the Company will inform
and train employees in the procedures and risks related to their duties for
their protection and that of their co-workers, recognizing that employee
involvement is essential in meeting these objectives.
Pollution Prevention
Produce products that are safe for the environment, our employees and
customers.
Our Sustainable Forest Management and Health and Safety policies supplement this Environmental,
Health and Safety Policy. We will only achieve our vision to be the world’s preferred marketer and
manufacturer of papers for communication by meeting all of these commitments.
This policy is available to the general public upon request. In addition, it can be found on the
Company’s Web site at the following address: www.abicon.com.
Page 27
B-2 : Sustainable Forest Management Policy
Abitibi-Consolidated is committed to Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) through the
integration of environmental, economic, social and cultural values. Application of
sustainable forest management practices balances the interests of all forest
stakeholders while ensuring a continued and predictable supply of quality wood fibre at
a competitive cost.
We Value…
Healthy Forests
Our Policy
Manage our forests in a manner that helps to protect, maintain
and enhance forest ecosystem health and productivity.
The Law and
Leadership
Meet or exceed applicable legislative, regulatory and policy
requirements. Best management methods and practices will be
applied to achieve excellence.
Multiple Use
Our SFM plans take into account the values and concerns of all
stakeholders.
Public Participation
and Open
Communication
Dialogue with the public and other stakeholders promotes the
application and benefits of multiple use and builds mutual
understanding.
The Contribution of
our Human
Resources
All employees will be held to the highest standard of
performance. Training, continuous learning and active
participation in the decision-making process are encouraged.
Research and
Development
Participate in research that advances understanding of forest
science and best management practices.
Continual
Improvement
Measure our progress and periodically assess our performance
through control and audit processes to ensure continual
improvement of SFM.
Page 28
APPENDIX C
Page 29
Table C - 1 Production of pulp and paper divisions in tonnes - 1990 and 1995-2001
Alma
Amos
Baie-Comeau
Beaupré
Belgo
Clermont
Fort Frances
Fort William
Iroquois Falls
Grand Falls
Kenora
Kénogami
Laurentide
Mackenzie
Port-Alfred
Stephenville
Thorold
TOTAL
%Change vs 1990
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
203,447
169,834
403,754
141,994
329,199
329,258
355,109
118,280
259,191
149,245
307,323
188,627
185,289
159,537
372,804
148,086
194,649
4,015,626
0.0%
248,577
175,457
506,788
175,749
335,742
313,169
373,262
144,892
303,615
207,904
302,324
238,064
273,189
162,904
394,177
179,198
336,692
4,671,703
16.3%
226,889
180,437
474,234
153,404
327,328
318,618
302,108
123,909
257,355
192,864
248,777
215,935
267,900
163,864
363,859
164,946
351,196
4,333,623
7.9%
259,964
180,627
509,822
177,604
334,165
335,030
333,197
132,867
295,038
190,325
281,556
225,179
261,691
165,274
373,081
174,907
366,995
4,597,322
14.5%
271,496
178,340
519,962
93,807
188,318
335,145
192,468
69,746
155,957
107,211
160,836
221,057
163,775
179,824
365,451
98,470
386,589
3,688,452
-8.1%
281,566
199,421
541,444
180,161
385,528
341,075
349,082
119,696
268,280
192,931
282,724
215,235
305,029
177,179
364,864
174,721
387,742
4,766,678
18.7%
288,245
196,018
560,382
171,688
372,790
351,772
375,057
141,751
278,849
206,017
329,036
223,524
321,821
182,429
360,561
180,168
384,285
4,924,393
22.6%
285,566
175,243
514,941
198,200
302,264
331,101
344,782
139,691
249,866
176,620
177,522
171,467
326,552
156,837
276,253
173,152
375,995
4,376,052
9.0%
Table C - 2 Net GHG emissions from pulp and paper divisions in tonnes of CO2e - 1990 and
1995-2001
Alma
Amos
Baie-Comeau
Beaupré
Belgo
Clermont
Fort Frances
Fort William
Iroquois Falls
Grand Falls
Kenora
Kénogami
Laurentide
Mackenzie
Port-Alfred
Stephenville
Thorold
TOTAL
%Change vs 1990
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
116,853
18,203
257,344
56,974
164,717
143,147
146,860
22,949
70,461
78,179
131,076
131,085
126,354
75,507
174,466
90,921
68,359
1,873,454
0.0%
147,524
16,445
109,474
77,728
187,062
107,337
45,041
39,128
148,032
47,861
126,492
126,800
112,027
76,308
219,979
95,121
118,149
1,800,508
-3.9%
134,670
18,064
91,575
82,893
150,440
108,718
39,525
44,865
120,523
57,745
120,381
127,224
100,852
88,509
228,720
89,544
124,800
1,729,048
-7.7%
99,232
11,053
80,401
87,183
156,020
95,944
38,780
38,173
28,273
62,107
133,585
124,906
99,192
64,270
228,486
95,784
126,357
1,569,747
-16.2%
109,738
12,014
61,504
50,219
105,327
95,125
27,072
27,210
13,270
57,289
141,115
114,221
63,695
50,662
231,031
49,768
125,220
1,334,480
-28.8%
88,360
14,358
50,979
81,719
150,582
94,291
39,911
29,724
18,176
76,283
143,121
80,352
100,252
41,906
160,613
73,543
128,604
1,372,774
-26.7%
84,730
12,402
64,394
82,270
169,756
101,102
46,633
25,965
14,378
66,871
150,083
118,539
101,637
45,677
177,914
80,035
131,903
1,474,289
-21.3%
78,691
8,711
44,181
89,416
161,078
98,814
41,434
28,884
7,233
58,889
74,107
107,799
117,963
29,208
170,983
88,031
125,410
1,330,833
-29.0%
Page 30
Table C - 3 Gross GHG emissions from pulp and paper divisions in tonnes of
CO2e - 1990 and 1995-2001
Alma
Amos
Baie-Comeau
Beaupré
Belgo
Clermont
Fort Frances
Fort William
Iroquois Falls
Grand Falls
Kenora
Kénogami
Laurentide
Mackenzie
Port-Alfred
Stephenville
Thorold
TOTAL
%Change vs 1990
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
155,606
185,393
271,924
74,803
166,208
178,862
655,173
79,589
234,186
139,424
198,069
131,085
184,638
75,507
306,361
129,681
68,359
3,234,867
0.0%
175,089
175,047
314,547
84,478
187,234
113,621
560,271
86,108
200,007
91,316
219,870
126,800
170,309
76,308
311,033
154,836
118,149
3,165,021
-2.2%
155,694
164,460
283,895
89,718
150,440
112,027
480,304
82,278
170,188
101,620
208,353
127,224
165,190
88,509
309,820
128,964
124,800
2,943,484
-9.0%
130,672
161,959
312,900
92,853
156,020
121,036
518,942
65,875
82,693
108,172
247,323
124,906
156,844
154,603
331,210
132,234
126,357
3,024,599
-6.5%
136,120
163,095
304,693
54,314
105,327
114,852
289,195
40,681
31,615
95,344
203,440
114,221
99,559
307,286
353,423
73,168
125,220
2,611,554
-19.3%
130,360
158,358
284,719
83,684
150,582
113,341
513,401
64,892
52,646
130,178
256,731
80,352
164,512
417,311
316,343
113,143
128,604
3,159,158
-2.3%
130,555
161,603
293,816
84,205
169,756
124,097
565,015
67,905
39,413
123,556
374,199
118,539
168,165
295,744
334,574
123,550
131,903
3,306,595
2.2%
125,626
160,991
286,947
91,456
161,078
119,259
485,143
83,874
19,023
114,524
251,647
107,799
180,607
205,746
339,840
115,805
125,410
2,974,775
-8.0%
Table C - 4 Net GHG emission intensity from pulp and paper divisions in tonnes of CO2e per
tonne of production- 1990 and 1995-2001
Alma
Amos
Baie-Comeau
Beaupré
Belgo
Clermont
Fort Frances
Fort William
Iroquois Falls
Grand Falls
Kenora
Kénogami
Laurentide
Mackenzie
Port-Alfred
Stephenville
Thorold
Average
Average % Change vs
1990
1990
0.574
0.107
0.637
0.401
0.500
0.435
0.414
0.194
0.272
0.524
0.427
0.695
0.682
0.473
0.468
0.614
0.351
0.467
0.0%
1995
0.593
0.094
0.216
0.442
0.557
0.343
0.121
0.270
0.488
0.230
0.418
0.533
0.410
0.468
0.558
0.531
0.351
0.385
-17.4%
1996
0.594
0.100
0.193
0.540
0.460
0.341
0.131
0.362
0.468
0.299
0.484
0.589
0.376
0.540
0.629
0.543
0.355
0.399
-14.5%
1997
0.382
0.061
0.158
0.491
0.467
0.286
0.116
0.287
0.096
0.326
0.474
0.555
0.379
0.389
0.612
0.548
0.344
0.341
-26.8%
1998
0.404
0.067
0.118
0.535
0.559
0.284
0.141
0.390
0.085
0.534
0.877
0.517
0.389
0.282
0.632
0.505
0.324
0.362
-22.5%
1999
0.314
0.072
0.094
0.454
0.391
0.276
0.114
0.248
0.068
0.395
0.506
0.373
0.329
0.237
0.440
0.421
0.332
0.288
-38.3%
2000
0.294
0.063
0.115
0.479
0.455
0.287
0.124
0.183
0.052
0.325
0.456
0.530
0.316
0.250
0.493
0.444
0.343
0.299
-35.8%
2001
0.276
0.050
0.086
0.451
0.533
0.298
0.120
0.207
0.029
0.333
0.417
0.629
0.361
0.186
0.619
0.508
0.334
0.304
-34.8%
Page 31
Table C -5 Gross CO2 emissions from pulp and paper divisions in tonnes - 1990 and 1995-2001
Alma
Amos
Baie-Comeau
Beaupré
Belgo
Clermont
Fort Frances
Fort William
Iroquois Falls
Grand Falls
Kenora
Kénogami
Laurentide
Mackenzie
Port-Alfred
Stephenville
Thorold
TOTAL
%Change vs 1990
1990
153,839
179,487
270,034
74,058
165,810
177,226
654,503
77,529
228,117
137,110
204,148
130,629
182,315
75,219
301,216
128,132
68,101
3,207,474
0.0%
1995
173,558
169,446
307,120
84,077
186,793
113,133
562,868
84,334
197,571
89,691
217,508
126,340
167,955
76,017
307,120
152,542
117,702
3,133,775
-2.3%
1996
154,472
159,284
276,954
89,304
149,963
111,641
481,718
80,831
167,912
99,959
206,401
126,776
162,585
88,171
306,295
127,394
124,360
2,914,019
-9.1%
1997
129,178
156,640
304,572
92,470
155,409
119,901
520,030
71,421
80,608
106,364
238,708
124,443
154,485
151,193
326,087
130,756
125,884
2,988,147
-6.8%
1998
134,825
157,768
296,030
54,064
104,964
113,817
289,036
44,099
30,887
93,844
200,679
113,815
98,033
298,103
347,532
72,242
124,744
2,574,482
-19.7%
1999
128,598
153,237
276,362
83,437
150,121
112,343
513,082
63,525
51,317
128,068
252,145
80,045
161,904
404,000
310,324
111,518
128,089
3,108,116
-3.1%
2000
128,687
156,308
285,583
83,960
169,297
122,895
520,465
66,307
38,434
121,367
365,775
118,188
165,475
286,809
328,554
121,799
131,383
3,211,284
0.1%
2001
123,695
155,599
278,290
91,191
160,688
118,200
484,899
81,821
18,530
112,386
245,145
107,545
178,057
199,450
333,456
114,600
124,920
2,928,472
-8.7%
Table C - 6 Net CO2 emissions from pulp and paper divisions in tonnes - 1990 and 1995-2001
Alma
Amos
Baie-Comeau
Beaupré
Belgo
Clermont
Fort Frances
Fort William
Iroquois Falls
Grand Falls
Kenora
Kénogami
Laurentide
Mackenzie
Port-Alfred
Stephenville
Thorold
TOTAL
%Change
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
115,087
12,297
255,454
56,229
164,319
177,226
146,252
20,889
64,392
75,865
127,663
130,629
124,031
75,219
169,321
89,372
68,101
1,872,346
0.0%
145,992
10,845
102,048
77,327
186,622
113,133
44,785
37,354
145,596
46,236
122,693
126,340
109,672
76,017
216,066
92,827
117,702
1,771,254
-5.4%
133,448
12,889
84,633
82,479
149,963
111,641
39,299
43,418
118,247
56,084
116,776
126,776
98,247
88,171
225,194
87,974
124,360
1,699,598
-9.2%
97,738
5,734
72,074
86,800
155,409
119,901
38,551
36,501
26,188
60,299
129,448
124,443
96,832
151,193
223,362
94,306
125,884
1,644,662
-12.2%
108,443
6,687
52,841
49,969
104,964
113,817
26,913
26,298
12,542
55,789
138,354
113,815
62,169
298,103
225,140
48,842
124,744
1,569,431
-16.2%
86,598
9,237
42,621
81,472
150,121
112,343
39,592
28,358
16,847
74,173
138,535
80,045
97,644
404,000
154,594
71,918
128,089
1,716,188
-8.3%
82,862
7,107
56,161
82,025
169,297
122,895
2,353
24,367
13,399
64,682
141,658
118,188
98,947
286,809
171,894
78,284
131,383
1,652,310
-11.8%
76,760
3,319
35,524
89,151
160,688
118,200
41,190
26,831
6,740
56,751
67,605
107,545
115,414
199,450
164,599
86,826
124,920
1,481,513
-20.9%
Page 32
Table C - 7 CH4 emissions from pulp and paper divisions in tonnes - 1990 and 1995-2001
1990
Alma
Amos
Baie-Comeau
Beaupré
Belgo
Clermont
Fort Frances
Fort William
Iroquois Falls
Grand Falls
Kenora
Kénogami
Laurentide
Mackenzie
Port-Alfred
Stephenville
Thorold
TOTAL
%Change vs 1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
7.37
6.84
6.05
5.76
5.91
6.90
7.24
7.60
17.19
12.31
3.94
6.37
9.16
0.62
6.08
18.12
9.00
8.83
3.72
10.49
1.92
18.05
7.20
1.70
16.28
24.38
3.66
6.81
4.83
0.35
5.45
9.00
6.05
9.90
3.42
9.65
1.94
14.51
9.42
2.97
15.14
22.45
3.87
4.43
4.58
0.31
4.75
8.11
6.49
9.40
3.53
9.42
2.25
14.40
7.22
2.81
15.31
25.97
3.92
4.99
6.25
0.32
4.97
6.23
7.02
10.78
3.29
8.81
10.59
18.30
7.14
3.13
15.35
26.30
2.34
3.85
5.80
0.78
2.78
2.21
6.02
9.83
3.14
5.67
26.72
20.83
4.20
3.17
14.80
25.08
3.36
4.90
5.69
1.15
4.27
3.96
8.33
15.01
2.06
9.37
38.27
20.48
6.74
3.31
15.24
25.18
3.38
5.96
6.40
0.21
4.89
2.92
8.24
26.03
3.81
9.67
25.94
21.84
7.39
3.28
15.39
25.71
3.67
5.94
6.01
1.19
6.39
1.44
7.83
19.48
3.98
10.18
18.24
23.01
6.17
3.09
142
0.0%
135
-4.7%
125
-11.9%
143
0.5%
145
2.0%
174
22.3%
178
25.0%
165
16.3%
Table C - 8 N2O emissions from pulp and paper divisions in tonnes - 1990 and 1995-2001
Alma
1990
5.20
1995
4.48
1996
3.53
1997
4.43
1998
3.78
1999
5.22
2000
5.53
2001
5.38
Amos
Baie-Comeau
Beaupré
Belgo
Clermont
Fort Frances
Fort William
Iroquois Falls
Grand Falls
Kenora
Kénogami
Laurentide
Mackenzie
Port-Alfred
Stephenville
Thorold
TOTAL
%Change va 1990
17.89
5.26
2.14
0.85
4.65
1.92
6.23
18.35
6.85
10.41
1.22
6.78
0.80
15.37
4.51
0.72
109
0.0%
16.96
22.30
1.04
0.96
1.25
0.80
5.36
7.25
4.83
11.58
1.25
6.94
0.81
11.64
6.76
1.24
105
-3.4%
15.67
20.87
1.07
1.24
0.93
0.71
4.35
6.79
4.92
10.99
1.21
7.76
0.94
10.40
4.58
1.23
97
-11.0%
16.12
25.10
0.97
1.63
3.24
0.72
5.06
6.30
5.36
12.62
1.27
7.02
10.28
15.29
4.29
1.32
121
10.9%
16.14
26.16
0.65
0.91
2.95
0.46
2.75
2.20
4.43
8.24
1.10
4.54
27.81
17.59
2.70
1.32
124
13.4%
15.52
25.26
0.57
1.10
2.83
0.71
4.12
4.02
6.24
13.76
0.85
7.78
40.35
17.98
4.61
1.44
152
39.6%
16.05
24.85
0.56
1.03
3.44
0.32
4.82
2.96
6.49
25.41
0.87
8.02
27.06
17.88
5.05
1.45
152
39.1%
16.35
26.18
0.61
0.83
3.01
0.71
6.19
1.49
6.35
19.66
0.55
7.53
19.07
18.98
3.42
1.37
138
26.1%
Page 33
Table C --9 Indirect emissions of GHG from pulp and paper divisions in tonnes of CO2e - 1990
and 1995-2001 (electricity basis)
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Alma
Amos
Baie-Comeau
Beaupré
Belgo
Clermont
Fort Frances
Fort William
Iroquois Falls
Grand Falls
Kenora
Kénogami
Laurentide
Mackenzie
Port-Alfred
Stephenville
Thorold
5,474
4,416
10,660
5,133
8,148
10,274
85,936
64,231
15,826
7,341
126,658
620
4,809
8,884
7,648
14,546
101,702
5,364
4,503
11,929
4,993
8,601
8,929
102,270
80,499
32,241
5,982
135,063
141
6,472
10,629
8,000
17,761
138,736
5,580
4,785
11,213
4,480
8,241
9,397
77,925
70,733
69,554
6,870
102,552
68
6,228
12,167
7,470
16,116
123,141
7,395
4,892
12,261
5,067
8,417
9,964
96,131
74,934
96,819
6,111
117,478
27
6,039
13,932
7,853
17,563
131,727
7,535
4,891
12,539
2,719
5,140
9,979
67,470
42,894
51,774
3,043
102,637
46
3,933
12,583
7,972
8,992
126,271
7,611
5,299
13,117
4,883
8,633
10,330
102,472
67,342
64,602
4,597
108,396
195
6,872
15,067
7,772
17,839
111,649
7,998
5,133
13,134
4,747
9,436
10,604
101,615
76,274
74,195
4,944
122,534
147
7,221
14,668
7,896
18,655
113,343
7,934
4,652
12,054
5,194
7,798
9,852
101,548
78,676
79,465
3,537
62,325
1,867
7,332
12,801
5,814
16,157
110,818
Total
% Change vs 1990
482,307
0.0%
582,114
20.7%
536,521
11.2%
616,610
27.8%
470,417
-2.5%
556,676
15.4%
592,541
22.9%
527,824
9.4%
Table C-10: Biomass (bark) Purchased and Self-generated (bark) (dry tonnes/year Consumed
for Energy Purposes
Alma
Amos
Baie-Comeau
Beaupré
Belgo
Clermont
Fort Frances
Fort William
Iroquois Falls
Grand Falls
Kenora
Kénogami
Laurentide
Mackenzie
Port-Alfred
Stephenville
Thorold
Total
% Change vs 1990
1990
25,835
111,460
9,720
11,886
9,942
23,810
0
37,760
109,150
40,830
50,990
0
38,856
0
87,930
25,840
0
1995
18,377
105,735
136,715
4,500
1,144
4,189
0
31,320
34,650
28,970
63,210
0
38,855
0
60,703
39,810
0
1996
14,016
97,597
128,214
4,550
0
2,206
0
24,942
33,110
29,250
59,750
0
42,892
0
54,067
26,280
0
1997
20,960
100,604
154,999
3,780
0
16,728
0
23,280
36,280
30,710
72,840
0
38,435
60,222
68,483
24,300
0
1998
17,588
100,721
162,126
2,730
0
13,151
0
11,867
12,230
25,370
41,550
0
23,909
171,083
81,595
15,600
0
1999
28,000
92,960
135,331
1,310
0
1,480
0
23,445
22,980
35,930
75,740
0
42,840
250,270
103,820
26,400
0
2000
30,550
94,930
85,173
1,290
0
4,779
0
27,960
16,690
37,790
149,411
0
44,352
166,711
91,050
29,010
0
2001
31,290
96,580
101,657
1,360
0
2,580
0
36,660
7,860
37,090
118,360
0
41,762
117,692
112,571
18,516
0
584,009
0.0%
568,177
-2.7%
516,873
-11.5%
651,621
11.6%
679,520
16.4%
840,506
43.9%
779,696
33.5%
723,978
24.0%
Note: Not all facilities have the capacity to consume biomass for energy purposes, therefore in these
cases no value is shown.
Page 34
APPENDIX D
Page 35
D-1: Estimate of GHG emissions produced by Solid Wood Product Divisions
A list of all solid wood product divisions rates can be seen in Appendix A. An
estimate of the GHG emissions from the 25 lumber divisions was developed using the
detailed data provided by only three of them (La Tuque, Roberval and SaintFulgence). These results are provided in Tables D-1 to D-6.
The production of these three facilities represents approximately 11% of the
Company’s total production (expressed in million board feet). Their average GHG
intensity (tonnes CO2e per unit of lumber production) is assumed to be representative
of the GHG intensity for all remaining divisions. Using the actual production values
for 2001 for the lumber divisions, we can estimate that the total GHG emissions for all
solid wood divisions would be approximately 40,000 tonnes CO2e. By comparing this
result to the net GHG emissions from company pulp and paper divisions, it can be
seen that the solid wood divisions account for less than 3%of company GHG
emissions. These estimated results are summarized in Table D-7.
Since the lumber operations’ information management systems are not as developed
as those available in the pulp and paper divisions (particularly for historical data), and
because the solid wood divisions appear to be a relatively minor contribution to
overall company emissions, it was decided to not include these small emissions in the
company inventory at this time. If required, a more detailed review can be conducted
in the future.
Table D - 1 Production of the 3 sawmills selected in million board feet
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
La Tuque
Roberval
St-Fulgence
0
20 700
86 600
109 200
107 681
113 849
123 521
71 855
87 107
135 767
112 798
137 572
122 764
168 977
164 291
109 134
48 824
80 985
69 070
73 374
71 264
94 845
101 937
70 051
TOTAL
135 931
237 452
268 468
320 146
301 709
377 671
389 749
251 040
Table D - 2 Net GHG emissions of the 3 sawmills selected in tonnes of CO2e
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
La Tuque
Roberval
St-Fulgence
0
264
972
1 207
1 583
739
739
739
1 505
2 219
1 793
2 048
1 798
2 467
2 467
2 387
1 305
4 856
4 269
5 264
3 740
2 263
1 403
1 141
TOTAL
2 810
7 339
7 033
8 519
7 120
5 468
4 608
4 266
Page 36
Table D - 3: Gross GHG emissions for the 3 sawmills selected in tonnes of CO2e
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
La Tuque
Roberval
St-Fulgence
0
7 772
28 597
35 527
46 583
21 739
21 739
21 739
6 005
11 905
9 893
10 778
10 348
19 965
19 963
17 599
5 805
11 666
10 257
11 870
11 776
15 658
14 528
14 266
TOTAL
11 810
31 342
48 747
58 175
68 706
57 362
56 229
53 604
Table D–4: Net GHG intensity for the 3 sawmills selected in tonnes of CO2e per
million board feet
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
La Tuque
Roberval
St-Fulgence
0.000
0.013
0.011
0.011
0.015
0.006
0.006
0.010
0.017
0.016
0.016
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.022
0.027
0.060
0.062
0.072
0.052
0.024
0.014
0.016
Average
0.021
0.031
0.026
0.027
0.024
0.014
0.012
0.017
Table D - 4 Relative gross GHG emissions of the 3 sawmills selected in tonnes
of CO2e per million board feet
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
La Tuque
Roberval
St-Fulgence
0.000
0.375
0.330
0.325
0.433
0.191
0.176
0.303
0.069
0.088
0.088
0.078
0.084
0.118
0.122
0.161
0.119
0.144
0.149
0.162
0.165
0.165
0.143
0.204
Average
0.087
0.132
0.182
0.182
0.228
0.152
0.144
0.214
Table D - 5 Specific energy of the three sawmills in GJ per million board feet
La Tuque
Roberval
St-Fulgence
Weighted
average
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.4
1.5
4.6
4.7
6.8
2.1
2.3
2.4
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.3
3.2
1.6
1.7
1.3
1.2
1.2
2.7
2.6
3.9
Page 37
Table D-6: Estimated GHG Emissions for Solid Wood Divisions
Actual Results for 3
sawmill divisions
Annual Production (million
board feet / year)
Net GHG emissions (tonnes
of CO2e)
251,040
2,223,557
(actual)
4,266
37,800
(estimate)
0.017
0.017
(estimate)
Emission intensity
(Tonnes CO2e/mbf)
2001 Projection for all
Solid wood divisions
Net GHG Emissions from
Pulp & Paper Divisions
1,330,833
% Company GHG emissions
from solid wood operations
2.76%
Page 38
APPENDIX E
Page 39
General
For the first time in the preparation of our GHG inventory we considered methane
emissions originating from landfills. Since methane emission rates are not
currently measured at all divisions, we made an estimation. The methodology used
is based on the Scholl Canyon first-order decay model proposed in the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s 1996 guidelines with the suggested
parameter values for wood waste disposal sites in Canada’s Greenhouse Gas
Inventory 1997:
where
Q = Lo R (e-kc - e-kt)
Q = methane generated in the current year (tonnes/yr)
Lo = methane generation potential (tonnes/tonne of wastes)
R = annual waste acceptance rate during the landfill’s active period
(tonnes/yr)
k = methane generation rate constant (1/yr)
c = time since site closure (years)
t = time since site opening (years)
For more accuracy and if the data is available for each year, the differential form of
the equation may also be used:
QT,x = k Lo R e-k(T-x)
where
QT,x = quantity of methane generated in the current year T by wastes R x
x = year of waste disposal
R x = quantity of wastes disposed of during year x (tonnes)
T = current year
Resolving the previous equation for all R x values and adding them up gives
present emissions from wastes disposed of in the previous years:
QT = Σ QT,x
where x = from opening year to year T
We used the differential version with the Lo and k values used in Canada’s
Greenhouse Gas Inventory for wood waste disposal sites. Thus, we resolved our
equations Lo = 0.118 tonne of CH4/tonne of wood waste and k = 0.01 yr-1.
Emissions were estimated with the global version for three divisions only (Amos,
Fort Frances and Kenora) for which we had enough data. The assumption was
that the preliminary conclusions might apply to the entire Company.
There are many sources of uncertainty, especially in estimating quantities of
wastes deposited. Most of the time, these wastes consist of wood refuse but they
also contain secondary sludge, ash and other types of inorganic wastes in variable
proportions, and this certainly has an impact on the generation of methane and the
Page 40
Lo value. The waste moisture content is not relevant. On the other hand, the
quantities of wastes deposited since the site opening may have varied considerably
and is not necessarily reflected by the use of a global average covering the entire
period.
This analysis has shown that methane emissions produced by the Company’s
landfills (converted in CO2e) could represent approximately 5-10% of total gross
direct emissions originating from mill operations. The proportion is higher when net
emissions are considered, especially at Amos, where net emissions are already
very low. This shows that a closer investigation of landfill emissions would likely
produce more accurate results that could eventually encourage methane
reclamation. The installation of flares like those at the Laurentide division could
also be considered as an emission reduction strategy given the fact that methane’s
global warming potential is 21 times that of CO2.
Since these results are considered at best as a conservative estimate, they are not
included in direct GHG emissions reported in section 5 of this report.
Amos
Methane
emissions
(tonnes of
CO2e)
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
5057
8018
8593
9162
9725
10283
10835
10727
Fort Frances
% gross
% net
emissions emissions
2.7%
4.6%
5.2%
5.7%
6.0%
6.5%
6.7%
6.7%
28%
49%
48%
83%
81%
72%
87%
123%
Methane
emissions
(tonnes of
CO2e)
3533
12062
13718
15357
16979
18586
20176
21751
Kenora
% gross
% net
emissions emissions
0.6%
2.2%
2.9%
3.0%
5.9%
3.6%
3.6%
4.5%
2%
27%
35%
40%
63%
47%
43%
52%
Methane
emissions
(tonnes of
CO2e)
16081
22826
24135
25431
26714
27984
29242
30487
% gross
% net
emissions emissions
8.1%
10.4%
11.6%
10.3%
13.1%
10.9%
7.8%
9.1%
Page 41
12%
18%
20%
19%
19%
20%
19%
31%

abitibi-consolidated inc

Transcription

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