Parasite Control - ADM Animal Nutrition

Welcome!!
Thank you for joining
us this morning
Parasite Control is Paramount for
Efficient Animal Production
Presented by: Dr. Don Bliss
MidAmerica Ag Research
Donald H. Bliss, Ph.D.
Veterinary Parasitologist
Verona, WI
Cell phone: 608-279-1814
www.midamericaagresearch.net
Parasite Control is Paramount for
Efficient Animal Production!
Parasites are a major underling cause of
many problems in cattle including slow
growth, poor feed conversion and reduced
reproduction performance.
One of the most important problems is the
parasite’s effect on the immune system.
Use science through fecal exams to
evaluate your deworming program.
Parasites Interfere with Efficient
Production!
Effects of Parasites on the
Immune System
Parasites Suppress the Immune System!
The level of immunosuppression is
directly related to the parasite burden.
Fast-acting dewormer is important in
heavily infected animals if dewormed at
vaccination time.
Results of Pathogen-Immune
System Interaction
• Suppression of Specific Immune
•
•
Responses
- TH1 (intercellular response) vs. TH2
(extracellular response).
Worm Burdens Promote TH2 Production
which suppress TH1 Production.
Example: Seldom observe coccidiosis in
worm-free cattle.
Feedlot Health Data
Pasture
Feedlot
FBZ
Control
Control
FBZ
Control
FBZ
No. dead
4
0
1
0
No treated
22
13
6
4
Percent of
total
4%
29%
13%
9%
No treatments
34
13
6
4
60%
23%
10%
7%
Percent of
total
Oklahoma/Colorado Strategic Deworming Trial
Macrocyclic Lactone Resistance
Permanent – Passed from one parasite
generation to another.
Once ML Resistance occurs further ML
treatment will no longer provide
acceptable efficacy.
Increased product level (2X) does not
work.
Cross resistance between all MLs.
Endecticides/Macrocyclic Lactones
Avermectins
Ivomec®
Ivomec® Eprinex™
Dectomax®
Generic Ivermectins
Moxidectins
Cydectin®
Injectable Endecticide vs. Pour-On
Doramectin Injectable
Dose 200 mcg/kg
Plasma concentration
Doramectin Pour-On
Dose 500 mcg/kg
Plasma concentration
– Max=32 ng/ml plasma
– Max=12 ng/ml plasma
> Injectable formulation delivered 3X the amount of
active ingredient to the blood.
> Standard deviation for the Pour-On was extremely
large at +/- 6ng/ml.
Dectomax® Pour-On Formulation – Product Monograph
produced by Pfizer, Inc, 1998
Anthelmintic Comparison
Fenbendazole vs. Endectocides
Fenbendazole
Lethal Dose
Endectocides
Drug Level >>
(Concept Illustration)
Selection
Pressure for
Resistant
Parasites
Treatment
72 hours
Day 3 Day 4 Day 5
Day 30
Day 50
FECRT (Fecal Egg Count
Reduction Test)
Best way to check for resistance as
endorsed by USDA North American
Animal Health Monitoring System
(NAAHMS).
Take samples at the time of treatment.
Take samples 14-days later to check
efficacy.
Fecal Egg Count Reduction
Test Results
 250+ Participating Vet Clinics.
 24+ States Represented.
 580+ Trials Completed.
 1 9 , 9 9 6 S a m p l e s A n a l yz e d .
– 10,069 Pre-treatment Samples.
– 9,927 Post-treatment Samples.
Table 1:
Efficacy Summary for Fecal Egg Count
Reduction Test Conducted with Macocyclic Lactone
Endecticide Pour-On Products (2009-2013).
________________________________________________________________
Products
No. of
Trials
Pour-ons:
Ivomec® PO
Ivermectin PO
Dectomax® PO
Cydectin® PO
Eprinex® PO
3
26
10
11
3
No. of
Samples
108
1,164
431
477
144
Egg Counts/3g*
Percent
Pre-Rx
Post-Rx Efficacy(%)
59.1
71.5
46.8
58.3
49.3
43.2
38.7
16.4
16.0
38.0
27.0%
45.8%
65.1%
72.5%
22.9%
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
53
2,324
62.1
30.0
51.6%
PO Summary
________________________________________________________________
*All samples taken at Rx and again 14-days post-Rx.
**Updated Jan. 3, 2013
Table 2: Efficacy Summary for Fecal Egg Count Reduction
Test Conducted with Injectable Macrocylic Lactone
Endecticide Products (2009-2013).
__________________________________________________________________________________
No. of
Trials
No. of
Samples
Egg Counts/3g*
Pre-Rx
Post-Rx
Percent
Efficacy
Products
Injections:
Ivomec® Inj.
15
984
66.5
36.8
44.6%
Ivomec® Plus 10
413
97.4
51.7
46.9%
Dectomax® Inj. 23
966
63.1
16.0
74.6%
Cydectin Inj.
7
311
35.0
6.0
82.8%
Ivermectin Inj.
10
506
90.7
55.0
39.4%
Generic Ivo Plus 4
149
92.9
46.7
49.8%
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Inj. Summary:
69
3,329
71.7
32.1
55.2%
_____________________________________________________________
*All samples taken at Rx and again 14-days post-Rx.
**Updated Jan. 3, 2013
Table 3: Efficacy Summary for Fecal Egg Count
Reduction Test Conducted with Various Safe-Guard® &
Panacur® Formulations.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Products
No of
Trials
No of
Samples
Egg Counts/3g*
Pre-Rx
Post-Rx
Percent
Efficacy
Panacur® Drench
32
1,296
59.3
0.7
98.8%
SG Drench/Paste
71
2,979
65.0
0.8
98.7%
Summary-Drench 103
4,275
63.2
0.8
98.7%
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------SG Feed/1.96%
28
1,449
45.6
0.2
99.5%
SG Mineral
7
265
36.4
1.6
95.5%
Liquid Feed
10
388
42.3
1.4
96.6%
Cubes/blocks/Paste 10
447
33.7
2.0
94.0%
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Overall Summary** 158
6,824
55.7
0.8
98.5%
______________________________________________________________
* All samples taken at Rx and again 14-days post-Rx – Updated Jan. 3, 2013.
** Note: Coccidia prevalence was reduced by 56.5%.
Table 4:
Efficacy Summary for Fecal Egg Count
Reduction Test Conducted with Safe-Guard®/ Panacur®
in Combination with Various Endecticide Formulations.
__________________________________________________________________________________
Combination
No of
No of
Egg Counts/3g
Percent
Product
Trial
Samples Pre-Rx Post-Rx
Efficacy
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Safe-Guard® or Panacur ® plus:
Ivomec® Inj./plus/PO 19
Ivermectin PO/Inj.
28
Dectomax® Inj./PO
6
Cydectin PO
1
Combination
Summary
917
1,155
223
40
77.2
76.7
83.4
134.0
0.4
0.4
0.1
0.1
99.4%
99.4%
99.8%
99.9%
---------------------------------------------------------------------54
2,366
78.7
0.4
99.4%
_______________________________________________________
Note: Coccidia prevalence was reduced by 76.9%
*Updated Jan. 3, 2013
Table 5: Efficacy Summary for Fecal Egg Count Reduction
Test Conducted for all Products.
______________________________________________________________________________________
Number of
Products
Trials
Endecticide
Injectable:
Pour-On:
Safe-Guard®
/Panacur®
Combination
Treatment***
Number of
Samples
Egg Counts/3g** Percent
Pre-Rx Post-Rx Efficacy(%)
69
53
3,329
2,324
71.7
62.1
32.1
30.0
55.2%
51.6%
158
6,824
55.7
0.8
98.5%
54
2,336
78.7
0.4
99.4%
______________________________________________________________________
*Updated Jan. 3, 2013, **All samples taken at Rx and 14-days post-Rx.
*** Safe-Guard® plus an Endecticide.
Table 6: Comparison of FECRT Efficacy
for ML Pour-Ons 2008(AABP) vs. 2013(Jan. 3)
Products
No. of Trials Percent No. of Trials Percent Efficacy
2008
Efficacy 2009-2013 Efficacy Change
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ivomec®
8
72.3%
3
27.0%
- 45.3%
Ivermectin
35
59.7%
26
45.8%
- 13.9%
Dectomax®
8
78.9%
10
65.1%
- 13.8%
Cydectin®
9
67.2%
11
72.5%
+ 5.3%
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
60
Updated Jan. 3, 2013
66.1%
53
51.2% -14.9%
Table 7: Comparison of FECRT Efficacy ML
Injectables: 2008(AABP) vs. 2013(Jan. 3)
Products No. of Trials Percent No. of Trials Percent
Efficacy
2008
Efficacy 2009-2013 Efficacy Change
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ivomec® Inj.
6
76.2%
15
44.6%
- 31.6%
Ivomec® Plus
6
42.6%
10
46.9%
+ 4.3%
Ivermectin or
Ivermectin plus
1
50.0%
14
41.4%
- 8.6%
Dectomax®
11
90.5%
23
74.6%
- 15.9%
Cydectin®
2
98.1%
7
82.8%
-15.3%
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Summary
26
72.5%
69
55.2% -17.3%
Updated January 3, 2013
Efficacy Summary for FECRT (Fecal Egg Count
Reduction Test) Results for Generic Ivermectin
Pour-on.
_________________________________________________________________
Generic
Ivermectin
By Year:
2008
2009
2010
2011-12
Number
Trials
35
58
15
14
Number
Samples
1,467
2,329
610
678
Egg Counts/3g*
Percent
Pre-Rx
Post-Rx Efficacy________
63.8
55.4
83.5
66.4
28.8
24.4
42.5
39.1
59.7% --------55.9% ( - 3.8%)
49.1% (-10.6%)
40.7% (-19.0%)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Overall
Summary
122
5,084
62.5
29.6
52.6%
_____________________________________________________________________
*All samples taken at Rx and again 2 weeks post-Rx.
**Updated January 6, 2012
The Best Dewormer in
the World Used at the
Wrong Time
Is a waste of time
and money!
Timing is Everything!
Strategic deworming is key to parasite
control on pasture.
Mid-Spring dewormings break the cycle on
pasture.
Yearling cattle need more aggressive
deworming schedule than brood cows.
How Does Strategic
Parasite Control Work?
GOAL is to prevent
pasture contamination
during the first 90 days of
the grazing season.
First make sure cattle are
parasite-free at the beginning
of the season.
How? Deworm in late fall or
early winter with a combination
of Safe-Guard and a pour-on
(for lice control) or Safe-Guard
before spring grass growth.
Second: Treat cattle strategically
with Safe-Guard in Spring after
grazing but before new worms
begin shedding.
How? Use Safe-Guard in a
formulation that works for your
operation, i.e., in the feed,
blocks, cubes, mineral or
drench.
Chart 2: Epidemiological Patterns of Worm
Egg and Pasture Larval Counts:
12
1200
Pasture Larvae (Previous Yr)
Pasture Larvae (Current Yr)
Fecal Eggs
1000
8
800
6
600
4
400
2
200
0
0
1-Apr
15-Apr
1-May 15-May
1-Jun
15-Jun
1-Jul
15-Jul
1-Aug 15-Aug 1-Sep
15-Sep 1-Oct
15-Oct
1-Nov
Eggs/gram feces
Larva/Kg DM x 103
10
Chart 3: Epidemiological Patterns of Worm
Egg and Pasture Larval Counts:
12
1200
Pasture Larvae (Previous Yr)
Pasture Larvae (Current Yr)
Fecal Eggs
1000
Rx prior to grazing
8
800
6
600
4
400
2
200
0
0
1-Apr
15-Apr
1-May 15-May
1-Jun
15-Jun
1-Jul
15-Jul
1-Aug 15-Aug 1-Sep
15-Sep 1-Oct
15-Oct
1-Nov
Eggs/gram feces
Larva/Kg DM x 103
10
Chart 4: Epidemiological Patterns of Worm Egg and
Pasture Larval Counts in Brood Cows:
12
1200
Pasture Larvae (Previous Yr)
Pasture Larvae (Current Yr)
Fecal Eggs
8
8
1000
Rx prior to grazing
800
Rx
6
6
4
600
Rx
400
4
2
200
2
100
0
0
1-Apr
0
15-Apr
0
0
1-May 15-May
0
1-Jun
0
15-Jun
0
1-Jul
121
44
40
32
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
15-Jul 1-Aug 15-Aug 1-Sep 15-Sep 1-Oct
98
0
15-Oct
101
0
1-Nov
0
Eggs/gram feces
Larva/Kg DM x 103
10
Economic Benefit From Strategic
Deworming in Cow/Calf Operations
Weaning Wt Adv
Improved Breeding
Florida
+17 lbs
10%
Florida
+43 lbs
10%
Georgia
+16 lbs
22%
Hawaii
+46 lbs
NM
Minnesota (2)
+33 lbs
12%
Missouri (2)
+37 lbs
NM
Montana (2)
+20 lbs
NM
North Dakota
+30 lbs
NM
Oklahoma
+37 lbs
NM
Texas (4)
+32 lbs
NM
Summary
+31 lbs
11%
Location
Pasture Contamination
Stockers & Replacement heifers
Purchased
Rx at
turnout
Rx
Rx (>90 days grazing)
4 wks
4
wks
From previous
year
From previous
year
SPRING
SUMMER
Deworm (Rx)
retained cattle
FALL
WINTER
Economic Benefit From Strategic
Deworming in Stocker Cattle
Location
Length Of Trial
Improved Gain
California
109 days
24 lbs
Louisiana
155 days
67 lbs
Missouri
132 days
67 lbs
Texas
158 days
30 lbs
Virginia
100 days
64 lbs
Virginia
111 days
64 lbs
Virginia
120 days
20 lbs
Virginia
138 days
90 lbs
Wyoming
112 days
14 lbs
Summary
126 days
49 lbs
Don’t use an ivermectin type
product (macrocylic lactone)
in the spring (after the first of
March) because of the dung
beetle!
Intact Fecal Pats
Dung beetles are an important part of
the pasture ecosystem.
1. Increased pasture yields by incorporation of organic
matter into the soil.
2. Reduction of insect pest populations.
3. Prevention of pasture surface pollution.
4. Reduction of animal diseases by removing
contaminated feces.
5. Return nutrients to the soil that would otherwise be
tied up in fecal deposits.
6. Increased effective grazing areas of pastures
covered by feces.
7. Reduced nitrogen loss in livestock’ feces.
Advantages of Fenbendazole
Non-Handling Formulations
Cumulative dose properties
Flexible feeding period
– 3-6 days mineral
– 3-10 days blocks
– 1 day pellets, cubes, crumbles
Palatability (no taste/smell)
Safe in varied consumption
situations
Labor free administration
Highly effective against major
cattle worms
Merck Animal Health
Provides free lab service for all fecal
checks on PEC day.
Warrantee on fenbendazole for cattle
– Post treatment samples 90% clean
or re-deworm for free.
Mail in to: Mid America Ag research
3705 Sequoia Trail
Verona, WI 53593.
Contact:
www.midamericaagresearch.net