frames can be simple indexual elements - Uysal-Walker

(Hanko:
1992),
directors,
media:
1950,
(Erksan:
movies:
Otherwise,
frames
can be simple
indexual
elements
such as the names or texts
functional,
semantic
functioning
within
Nearly
the
sources
absorb
general
body of
parts
oral
aspects
their
formal
completely
unities
lost
Like
earlier,
reference
points
especial
valuing
using
Hakan's
the transference
the
of
to
they say,
colored
slight
from,
were
often
serve
believability,
with
as
.3.n
from the printed
"a book,
"a movie,
a ~aklCl
book";
in
a ~ak1.c1. movie,"
certain
1952) Fikret
(Kenc;::
1958) ; " Tanju
technical
which
who distinguished
movie,
only
down
are almost
and titles
derived
refer
"the
sources
Names of producers,
and place
enhancement
Ufuk's
oral
sources
of time
often
is not strange
by breaking
of references
corne from the
into
performances
of titles
for
1989) i or
when ora].
that
names of authors
the
which
it
and usually
movie"
(Erksan:
performances
or books.
names of actors
" Blilent
to bear
as movies
the case of movies,
often
brought
frame.
can be noted
in the oral
the people
or their
the broken
viewpoint,
it
the dimensions
explored
is
or their
stories
of mediated
authors,
of
of mediated
such changes occur;
collect
meanings,
the context
From a more structural
that
of episodes,
or semiotic
same process
1985, Bauman:
Korel's
movie"
movie.
difference
nature
or selection
of
of,
other
than
the media is
elements,
those
that
and the
185
reframing
of broken
mediated
performances.
frames,
is
more unconscious
than
in
the
CHAPTER-V:
Mehmet,
zeybekler,
186
CONCLUSION
In this
folklore
study
the relationships
and mediated
within
the cult
between
performances
of ~aklCl
His
ffi1otolian
rebellion
fifteen
years
~aklCl
of
Turkey
life.
Mehmet Efe's
life
as an outlaw
him as a "noble
the rich
and gave to the poor"
like
of social
figure
banditry
an outstanding
result
cult
robber,"
in the Turkish
is
The cult
was still
alive.
folklore
rise,
CaklCl
and it
status
of CaklCl
a better
the
that
that
he "took
regional
fron-1
zeybek
context.
life
story
Mehmet started
began with
while
forms
he
of
the cult's
In this
work
and the stories
Mehmet have been briefly
understanding
Mehmet
to develop
oral
As
an enormous
of ~aklcl
to the present.
as a folkhero
of
by the people.
between
performances
~aklcl
tradition
of him as a folkhero,
the
last
standpoint
of the
as a folkhero
has continued
Mehmet's
the
which makes him a Robin Hood-
The interactions
and mediated
the Cult
provide
of CaklCl
within
and 1911
has the traits
socio-cultural
of the celebration
around
1871
occupied
meaning
representative
celebrated
has arisen
between
in
From a folkloristic
classify
tradition
who lived
the Ottoman state
of his
of
Mehmet Efe
region
against
forms
have been investigated
Cak1C1 Mehmet Efe was an outlaw
Western
oral
explained
of the transmissions
within
to
between
formal,
story.
187
the cult's
mediated
interactions
forms
of
between
folklore
This
oral
to
of
of
Mehmet which
four
first
The
of folklore.
performances
a web of
and oral
intertextuality
1::ransmissional
relationships
aJ:ld mediated
performances
folklore
stories,
forms
t]~e mediated
effec::t
analysis
forms
oral
and oral
mo'lTies,
and four
novels
app,eared as feuilletons
betwe~n
is
limi~ed
about
~akl.ql.
I
in the
newspapers
The stories
illustrated
and t:heir
by briefly
analyzing
and basic
socia-semantic
exploring
the contexts
relationship
characteristics
the
meanings
which
tradit~onl
contextucil
were pointed
create
were
storytelling
functional,
The stories'
in the region.
the
out
by
transmissional
in each case.
In the
between
contextual
final
I
ioral
part
forms
were analyzed
of
of the this
.
folklore
in accord
with
the relationshtpf:
study,
and med1ated
the
I
performances
intertextual
character
~f
I
continu~tive
and discontinuitive
As a result
understood
the
cult),
of
that
indexical
level
At either
performances
trle analysis
transI11issional
or at the
two act~ons;
elements
level
level
1
(oral
(an item
around
of this
story
relationships
within
of semantic
the
or mediated)
it
can be
can occur
element.
of
aF
the
meaning or function.
the transmissional
the breaking
one ~aktc
process
down of the
frame
in order
to take
is
basedl 0 I
of
an ite~
investigated.
188
from it
and
the reframing
2)
performances.IIn
manipulated
dynamics
by culturally
socio-cultural
f~rm of
one presentation
and context
that
all
of CaklCl
It
oral
the most important
types
while
at the same time
for
interactions,
on the
CaklCl
C\illt
be identified
the
allowing
that
from
in content
to emphasize
of continuities
adaptability
bE=tween
of stories
to come into
for
the
intact
useful
creativity
play
the different
and manipulations
Mehmet Efe has never
research,
research
on the merakl~
sha~ing
case studies.
and there
to occur
One particular
meanings
(Honko:
the
is
no scientific
cult
of <;aklCl
opportunities
groups
with
could
group's
1985)
which
could
as a dimension
their
structures
be investigated
as
usage of the stories'
as a repertoire
the relationship
changes or correlations
structures
been the
targets:
of performances
Moreover,
contextual
is
the Turkish
changes
also
many research
future
Focusing
and textual
is
is
and semantic
remains
As has been seen,
Mehmet Efe presents
trans formal
and it
new
transmission
to emphasize
still
of
meanings.
of me~hodical
and their
but
interrelationships
The cultlof
work
useful
storytelling
individual
as transformational
subject
is
of "performances"
allows
of
functional
and enduring
which
the context
Mehmet Efe in
to another,
take place,
in
specific
context.
traditional
it
the process
addition,
in the cult
of
could
be
between meanings
through
considerat:ion
could
be investigated.
of
stories,
explanations.
form,
etc.,
investigated.
In other
wctrds,
by using
ot.her
than their
and formal
strategies
the
genre
of
For instance,
by analyzing
framework
could
efe
exposure
a better
with
understanding
the
visual
of
media
to movies
the other
For example,
hikayeleri)
function,
research
background
efe cults
the
, as a genre,
such as the Nasreddin
their
movies,
and responses
of their
relationship
(efe
to engender
possible
between
be investigated.
storie~
genres
for
relationships
sources'
The cult's
various
the
meanings
be investigated
with
transmi.ssd.onal
within
could
be designed
strategy,
and contextual
in accordance
could
and the oral
same research
textual
relationships,
understandi.ng
the
the
Hoca stories,
and contextual
as a
relationship
with
the other
in regard
to
could be
meanings,
investigated
The real
correlatiorl
life
and legendary
between
The folklsongs
two could
bands and the
television
anid radio,
forward
(the
By doing
CaklCl's
influence
limit
after
more fieldwork
operations
and the
performance
of mass media,
upon them could
chronological
time
of ~aklcl
be investigated
of <::aklcl and their
by local
The cult's
lives
growth
~aklcl's
in other
and collecting
(past)
and
could be
death)
stories,
the
be
backward
parts
versions
of
the
region
a small-scale
of
190
motif-index
could
classified,
especially
their
various
be made and changes
contexts.
with
regard
in motifs
to their
could
meanings
be
in
Asarc1k11,
:"
Gazetesi.
Ba$goz,Ilhan.
Istanbul:
Perspective.
(July)
:Bauman,
Vol.
Baykara,
(1976)
Derqisi.
Bayrak,
(1985):
Yay.
Efe.
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Dagdaki
(1972
A serial
Article
Diplomat"
between
Yeui
9 April
Devir
1972-13
October 1972.
(1985)
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in Folklor
Duzeni"
Yazl1arl
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~kivallk
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ve Eskiva
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Paul. (1903-1911):
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by this
( see,
reference
']~elegrams about
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Co~~ar:1973
French
.He
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to Turkish
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Affairs
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(1958):
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screenwriter:
director:
Buryin,
Ken9,screenwriter:
is
screenwriter;
200
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Tercliman-i
Hakikat:
Istanbul:5-6
28 October,
January,
1910
17 November 1911
Turkiye
Gazetesi:Istanbul
Yeni ASlr
Gazetesi:lzrnir
Yeni Gazete:
Movies
Izrnir.28
October,
Mehmet Efe.(1950a):
Faruk Ken9,
(Guzey),
by Faruk Ken9,
Faruk Ken9,
actors
and actress;
Salih
Istanbul
director;
Glilistan
Deniz
The producer
MI:hmet Efe Nas11 Vuruldu?(1950b):
Ufuk,
Enver
company
in Istanbul
director
Karaok<;.'u.
Ufuk,
A, Karaokyu.
Faruk Ken9,
assistant
assistant
Blilent
Tozkoparan,
Film
2.Cak1rca11
Bulent
November 1911.
and Videos:
1.Caklrcall
is
1910.17
director;Faruk
Enver Bur9in,
Gulistan
Deniz
The producer
by Faruk
actors
Ken9,
and actresses;
(Guzey ,Salih
Tozkoparan,
Istanbul
company
A.
Film in
Istanbul
3.Caklrcall
Mehmet Efe'nin
Faruk
director;
Gulistan
Enver
Deniz
Hazineleri
KenYI director
Bur<;:in,
actors
(Guzey , Belgin
(1952)
Faruk
a.
Faruk
Ken<;:
KenYI assistant
and actresses;
Doruk,
:by
Bulent
Karaok9u,
Ufuk,
Mahir
Ozerdern,
6.
1952):
8.
201
Ayfer
producer
Feray,
company is
Set tar
the
Kadir Savun. The
Kormuk<;:u,
Istanbul
Film
and Ozen Film
in
Istanbul
4.Dokuz
Daqin Efesi.(1958):
Metin Erksan,
director;
Sevket Klymaz,
music;
Fikret
Hakan,
Serpil
Hayati
Harnzaoglu,
Birsel
Film
in
by Metin
Metin
Erksan,
actresses;
Erol
Gul,
Kadir
for vcr.
assistant
actors
Hayri
The producer
is
:by
Viva
Zapata(1952
Hiqh
Moon'
The Girl
director;
and actresses;
Esen,
Eral
Ta$,
company is
Erksan,
screenwriter;
directoriTanju
Korel,
actors
Cevriye
Hayati
Hamzaoglu,
a colored
The producer
Metin
Cesen,
reproduction
company is
Altug
of
: by Elia
the
Videoculuk
Istanbul
7
screenwriter;
Istanbul
Assistant
This
Savun,
Yl1maz Gruda.
Tanju Korel,
Ta$.
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202
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The Oral
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I interviewed
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about
place,
Adnan.
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(1991) :Ayvallk:
31:
Farmer.
Businessman.
~.
..Akba$,
:Odem1$:56:mus1c1an
(neyzen).
(1991)
(~991) :Odemi$:60:retired
AsarcJ.klJ.,
Hayrettin.
(Mustafa
Journalist,
Ali.
(1991)
Recep.
Canoglu,
:Odemi$/Ttirkonu
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Koyu:32:Farmer.
Businessman.
:Ayva11k/Turk6zu
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(1991)
K6yu:29:Farmer.
Government
:AyvalJ.k:31:Track
offilcial.
Driver.
CanS1Z, Mehmet
6demi$/Kayak6y:44
:Farmer
CanS1Z, Mestan.
Odemi$/Kayakoy:41:
Farmer
<;:aklrcall,
<:;etin,
Sal!ih.
Aydln.
<;:obanoglu,
Erkan,
(1991) :6demi~:
(1990) :Nazilli:30:
Bay:ram. (1991):
Mustafa.
Aysel.
official.
novelist.
(1991)
Bulen~.
government
Muftuoglu):
(1991) :Odemi$:70:
Vehbi.
Mehmet Efe
age and occupation
(1991) :Ayva11k/Ku9ukk6y:43:
Ardic;:,
CaklCl
65:Farmer
University
Oderni$:34:
(1991) :Ayvallk:37:
(!1991) :Ayva11k:49:
House
Professor.
Tailor
Farmer.
wife
(1986)
Ekici,
Ibrahim.
Kamall,
:6demi~:51:
Kernal.
Kazaner,
1991)
Faruk.
Kenc,
Ya$ar.
Koyun,
journalist.
Klll~,
$eref.
Kurt,
:Ankara:26:
:6demi$~49:Blacksmith.
1991
1991}
Ibrahim.
Ibaklloglu,
Ibrahim.
:Ankara:30:
Ugural,
Ugural,
:Ayvallk:33:printer.
Yavuz,
:Ayvallk:28:printer.
203
ElmaslJ.,
HaV'J'a
:Ayva11k:98:
Yusuf (1991) :Odemi$:32
Mustafa.
Kalmaz,
Kadir.
Religious
Businessman.
(1991
Medical
:Odemi$/Geryeklili
Kazaner,
Rahime.
Kazaner,
Huly"a. (1991)
(1991) :AyvalJ.k:64:
(1991)
Koyu:Farmer
:Ayvallk:28:Housewif~
Builder.
:Ayvallk:Builder
:Istanbul:82:
Kernal,
Doctor.
Housewife.
(1991) :Ayvallk:67:
Orhan.
Teacher.
(1991) :Odemi$:58:
(1991
Kazaner,
House wife.
retired
movie producer.
(1991) :Istanbu1:64:novelist,
Cengiz.
(1991) :Ayvallk:55:
Kerem Ali.
(1991)
:6demi$/Ger~eklili
(1991
Kuran,
Farmer.
koyu:67:Farmer.
University
student.
Osman,.
Tekerlek9ioglu,
Hasan.
(1991) :Odemi$:62:
master
of
horse
carriage
Telli,
:Odemi$:40:
Dentist.
Musa. (1991)Odemi$/Gerc;:eklili
Ocal,
Aydemir.
(1991) :Ankara:35:
Ozdemir,
worker.
(1991
Okuzcu,
Hasan.
Necdet.
Metin.
(1987)
Koyu:93:Farmer
university
:Bergama/Demircidere
(1991) :Ayvallk:37:
professor
Koyu:54:
Farmer.
Barber.
(1991
Ozer. (1991
Behi~
Galip.
(1991) :Odemi$:48:
High
school
teacher.
Sule~~an.
Yava$,
204
(1991) :Odemi$:55:
Yal<;ln,
Mustafa.
Y6rukoglu,
perfume
salesman.
(1991) :Ayvallk:36:Farmer
At~et.
(1991 :Odemi$/Kayak6y:68:Farmer
M.A.
VITA
OZKUL
COBANOGLU
Personal
Date of Birth:
23 October,
Maritial
Status:
Business
Address:
Statistics
1961
Place of Birth:
Ayvalik,
Turkey
Number of Children:
0
Single
Hacettepe Universitesi
Edebiyat
Fakultesi Bolumu .
Turk
Halkbilimi
060600
Beytepe/ANKARA
TURKEY
Telephone:
(90)-4-2234456
HomeAddress:
Fethiye
Mahallesi
Ayvalik/10400
1979-81
Incomplete
B.A.
Ankara at Ankara.
1981-86
B.A. Humanities
at Ankara.
1986-88
graduate
(90)-663-17369.
History
Faculty
of
and Turqology,
Incomplete
M.A.
(Folklore),
Hacettepe
credits)
NOi6
TURKEY.
Telephone:
Educational
Cami Caddesi,
Divine,
University
Hacettepe
of
University
Social
Sciences
Institute
University
at Ankara.
(24
'.
1989
Intensive
English
Program;
American
Language
Acadeffi¥, University
of Southern
Colorado
at Pueblo
and Center
of Language
Training
(CELT)
Indiana
University
at Bloomigton.
1990-91
Graduate
Institute,
1990
Folklore
Bloomington.
student
for
M.A. degree.
FolkloreIndiana
University
at Bloomington.
Institute,
Indiana
University
at
Scholarships,
Teacher'
M.A.
Awards
FelJLowships,
1985
1989-92
Scholarship
at Ankara.
Scholar~)hip
the U.S.A.
of Education
for language
training
(Hacettepe
University
Professional
1986-87
a private
levels)
Yozgat,
the Foundation
of Diyanet
and M.A. degree
at Ankara).
ir
Experience
Turkish,
Turkish Literature
and history
(
training
center high school and elementary
Zafer Universiteye
Hazirlik
Dershanesi,
and Akademi Dershanesi,
Ankara.
(Nine
months) .
1987-91
Pennanent
research
Department of Turkish
at Ankalra.
and
Folklore,
1987-88
Permanent
teaching
assistant:
Turkisrl
and F205 Literature
1988-91
Permanent research
English
and to get
u. S.A.
1992
Research
assistant
for
the Folklore
Institute
Field
1988
1991
teaching
assistant,
Hacettepe
University
F1Ol and F1O2 Ottoman
of Turkish
Sufi Orders.
assistant:
an M.A.
in
To learn
Folklore
.
American
in the
Professor
Henry Glassie
at Indiana
University
at
inBloomington
Experience
M.A. fieldwork
in the Turkish
Republic
(TURKEY), the
proviru:e
of Bergama at the village
of Demircidere.
(researched
monogrophy of the village
and its
oral
culture
the fieldwork
specialized
aroud the genre of
the Th;~htaci
Turqoman's
hyms and believe
system of
the
Thahtaci
Turqomans-a
folk
group
in
western
Anatolia-.)
f].eldwork
various
places
in the Turkish
Republic
Ayvalik,
Odemis, etc.
(Turkey
, 1n
Unive],:sity
1987-88
Committees
and Community
Service
Registration
Officer,
Department
ofFolklore,
Turkish
Hacettepe
University
at Ankara.
1987
Address
Association's
1988
Address
Asso,ciation's
to the Hacettepe
Ramadan Meeting.
Graduate
Students
to
Graduate
Students
the
Hacettepe
Ramadan Meeting.
Publications
1983
"'rahtacilarin
~nocak
Mensei
Meselesine
Derqisi,n.l,p.23-30.
REFERENCES
Umay Gunay,
Turkish
Di:rector
Folklo:re
Department
Hacettepe University
060600
Beytepe,/Ankara
WRKEY
Abdurrahrnan Gu:~el, Director
Turkish and Tu:rkish Literature
Department,
Ga:~i University.
062500 BesevleJr/Ankara
TURKEY
Sukru Elcin,
D:Lrector
Research
Insti1:ute
of Turkish
Culture
17th.
Street
O~51800 Bahcelievler/Ankara
TURKEY
Ilhan
Basgoz, Director
Turkish Studie:3 Depatment of Uralic
Altaic
Studies,
Indiana University
Bloomington, Indiana 47405
Henry Glassie
Indiana University
Folklore Institute
506 North Fess Street
Bloomington,
IJtldiana
47405
Dair
Notlar"