Understanding the Linkage of Climate Change Adaptation

EAS Congress 2009
Manila, Philippines
23‐27 November 2009
Understanding the Linkage of Climate Change Adaptation, Disaster Risk Reduction and Sustainable Livelihoods: The Case of Albay, Philippines
Noralene M. Uy
Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies
Kyoto University
Kyoto University Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies
Outline
1.
2.
3.
4.
Introduction
Background of Study Area
Vulnerability Context Impacts on Livelihoods and Autonomous Adaptation Practices
5. Transforming Institutions
6. Key Issues at Local Level
7. Conclusion
Kyoto University Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies
1. Introduction
Sustainable Livelihoods framework (DFID, 1999)
The study was conducted in 6 villages: Bariw, Busdac, Igang, Misibis, Sogod and Uson in the municipality of Bacacay in Albay province through survey of 187 households, key informant interview and focused group discussion using the Sustainable Livelihoods Analysis approach. Kyoto University Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies
2. Background of Study Area
Albay
‐
‐
‐
bounded by the Pacific Ocean, Samar Sea and Sibuyan Sea
a high‐risk province due to hazards brought about by volcanic eruption, landslide, earthquake, flood and typhoon
has one of the highest poverty incidence rates in the country
Bacacay
‐
one of the biggest fishing municipalities in Albay with 12 inland and 24 island coastal villages
Kyoto University Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies
3. Vulnerability Context
Kyoto University Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies
Climate Trends Annual Average Maximum Temperature, 1963-2008
°C
32
31.5
31
30.5
30
29.5
29
1963
1968
1973
1978
1983
1988
°C
1993
1998
2003
2008
An n u al Average Min im u m T em p eratu re, 1963-2008
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
Source: PAGASA Legazpi Weather Station 19
1963
1968
1973
1978
1983
1988
1993
1998
2003
2008
Kyoto University Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies
Climate Trends (Cont’d)
Annual Average Maximum Rainfall, 1963-2008
mm
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
1963
1968
1973
1978
1983
1988
1993
1998
2003
2008
Average Monthly Rainfall, 1963-2008
mm
600
500
400
300
200
100
Source: PAGASA Legazpi Weather Station
0
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Kyoto University Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies
Climate Trends (Cont’d)
Kyoto University Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies
Typhoon Disaster Events
Name of Typhoon
Year
1
Akang
1994
2
Garding
3
Strength (kph)
Effects of Most Destructive Typhoons in Region V (1994‐2006)
Affected Population
Total Amount of Damages in USD
Number of People Number of Dead
Number of Injured
Number of Missing
54
18,036
47
112
1
2,211,904
1994
80
6,799
1
2
1
1,546,644
Mameng
1995
97
10,126
0
0
0
1,588,884
4
Rosing
1995
137
440,372
44
20
2
11,991,106
5
Pining
1997
90
1,800
0
0
0
836,956
6
Loleng
1998
130
201,834
1
7
1
6,754,448
7
Sendang
1999
60
1,122
0
0
0
2,444
8
Reming
2000
110
27,547
12
1
2
7,188,989
9
Senyang
2000
150
22,882
0
0
0
91,111
10
Dindo
2004
170
33,892
0
6
1
5,038,046
11
Unding
2004
100
1,744
0
0
0
942,094
12
Yoyong
2004
100
18,372
0
10
1
1,124,229
13
Caloy
2006
65
47,065
0
5
0
2,207,708
14
Milenyo
2006
130
698,460
14
176
15
Reming
2006
209
1,060,875
604
1,465
Total
37,007,025
419
71,787,460
153,419,031
Source: APSEMO
Kyoto University Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies
Livelihood Assets
Sogod
Natural
20
Natural
20
20
15
15
15
10
10
Social
5
Physical
Igang
10
Misibis
Social
Physical
5
0
0
5
0
Human
Human
Sogod
Financial
Busdac
Bariw
15
15
10
5
Natural
Igang
Financial
10
Uson
Physical
0
Human
Financial
Natural
20
Natural
20
Social
Uson
Physical
Social
Financial
Natural
20
Natural
20
15
15
10
Social
5
Bariw
Social
Social
5
Human
Physical
Busdac
0
Financial
Human
Misibis
Physical
0
10
Physical
0
Human
Human
5
Financial
Kyoto University Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies
Financial
5. Impacts on Livelihoods and Adaptation Practices Kyoto University Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies
Livelihood Impacts Fisheries
1. Income Loss: low fish catch/
less fishing days
2. Danger at sea/Loss of life
3. Sickness/injury
4. Damage to fishing equipment
5. Unemployment
6. Household food insecurity
7. Loss of savings
8. Loan availment
Handicraft Making
Agriculture
1. Income loss: loss/damage to crops
2. Reduced soil fertility
3. Sick or weak livestock
4. Household food insecurity
5. Loss of savings
6. Loan availment
Labor
1. Income loss
2. Unemployment
3. Loss of savings
4. Household food insecurity
1. Income loss: loss/damage to raw materials and finished products
and difficulty in processing raw materials during wet season
2. Unemployment
3. Household food insecurity
Kyoto University Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies
Autonomous Adaptation Practices
Fisheries
•Longer time fishing in good weather •Additional income sources: ‐Farming
‐Other fisheries‐related employment (e.g. fish drying and fish selling)
‐Small business operation
‐Handicraft making ‐Labor during harvest in farms and fishponds
‐Non‐agricultural labor (e.g. tricycle driving and construction work such
as painting and carpentry
Agriculture
•Change in planting schedule and
cropping patterns
•Diversification of crops planted‐
rice, corn, vegetables and root
crops Kyoto University Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies
Autonomous Adaptation Practices (Cont’d)
Disaster Management
•Reinforcement of houses
•Reliance on traditional weather forecasting especially by fishermen
O
t
h
e
r
s
Food Security
•Increasing household food stock
•Diversification of food sources (e.g. drying fish and gathering shellfish)
•Planting root crops and vegetables •Loans
•Sale of assets (e.g. household appliance, land and livestock)
•Outmigration •Reduction in expenditures on food and basic necessities
•Change in attitude towards the environment Kyoto University Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies
Recommended Adaptation Measures
Human/Technical: Seminar/training on climate change, disaster management, alternative livelihoods and fishery laws
Infrastructure: Construct evacuation center and sea wall and improve roads, street lighting and irrigation system
Financial: Access to credit and agriculture subsidies
Others: Increase employment, improve investment climate (especially for handicraft and tourism), reforestation and mangrove rehabilitation
Kyoto University Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies
6. Transforming Institutions
Albay Provincial Goal: Disaster and Climate‐Proof Development
CIRCA
Centre for Research and Initiatives on Climate Adaptation
•
•
•
Contributed to pushing climate change adaptation into the national agenda through the Albay Declaration on Climate Change and Manila Declaration 2009
One of the recipients of the Millennium Development Goal Achievement Fund on Strengthening the Philippine Institutional Capacity to Adapt to Climate Change
Its major activities include: ‐ development of lesson exemplars to integrate climate change into the curriculum at elementary, secondary and tertiary levels
‐ seminars on climate change adaptation for capacity building of LGUs in Albay
‐ training of planning officials in the LGU on the use of the Rapid Earthquake Damage Assessment System (REDAS) for the update of land use plans
Kyoto University Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies
Transforming Institutions (Cont’d)
APSEMO
Albay Provincial Safety and Emergency Management Office
• Prides itself of ‘zero casualty’ in major disasters in 1995‐2005
• Assists in replication of practice to other LGUs through the Department of Interior and Local Government’s program, Good Practices in Local Governance: Facility for Adaptation and Replication (GO‐FAR)
• Recipient of the Galing Pook 2008 Award for Disaster Management
Kyoto University Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies
7. Key Issues at Local Level
1. Information Dissemination and Research on CCA and DRR
‐ addressing the gaps in CCA and DRR knowledge and information sharing 2. Strengthening adaptive capacity
‐ providing an enabling environment to achieve livelihood security and climate and disaster resiliency
3. Linking CCA, DRR and Development ‐determining priorities and identifying common linkages to address all issues together
4. High level government action on CCA and DRR
‐ necessary for mainstreaming and funding Kyoto University Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies
8. Conclusion
• Scaling up of local adaptation actions is imperative
• Formulation and programming of adaptation strategies should consider micro‐variations at local level and must involve the community • Poverty reduction can strengthen adaptive capacity • CCA, DRR and development should be undertaken not in isolation but in consonance with one another from local to national level
Kyoto University Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies
Thank you
Kyoto University Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies