ISC-2013 - ISCA : International E

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Souvenir of 3rd International Science Congress ______________________________________ISC-2013
Coimbatore, India, 8th-9th Dec. (2013)
3rd International Science Congress
ISC-2013
th
th
8 - 9 December-2013
SOUVENIR
Innovation with Global Responsibility
Venue
Karunya University
Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Organized by
International Science Congress Association
3rd International Science Congress
www.isca.in, www.isca.me
ISC-2013
8th & 9th December-2013
SOUVENIR
Innovation with Global Responsibility
Venue
Karunya University, Coimbatore,
Tamil Nadu, India
Organized by
427, Palhar Nagar, RAPTC, VIP- Road, Indore, MP, India
Prof. Dipak Sharma
Editor-in-Chief and Director
[email protected]
+91-9302232884
I
International E - Publication
427, Palhar Nagar, RAPTC, VIP-Road, Indore-452005 (MP) INDIA
Phone: +91-731-2616100, Mobile: +91-80570-83382
Website: www.isca.in, www.isca.me , www.isca.co.in
E-mail: [email protected]
© Copyright Reserved
2013
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, in a retrieval
system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, reordering or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher.
ISBN: 978-93-83520-25-1
II
ISC- 2013 Inaugural Ceremony
Sunday, 8th December 2013, Time 10:00 am
Inauguration By
Dr. K. Ramasamy
Vice Chancellor,
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
Dr. E.J. James
Vice Chancellor,
Karunya University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
Dr. Robert C. Schneider
Professor, Sport Management Coordinator
Sport Management Program, The College at Brockport, State University of New York, Brockport,
New York, US
ISC-2013 Valedictory Ceremony
Monday, 9th December 2013, Time 03:30 pm
Felicitation By
Dr. E.J. James
Vice Chancellor,
Prof. Swapan Kumar Chakrabarti
Professor, Department of Physics
MMAM College, Biratnagar, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
Dr. Habeeb S. Naher
Professor, Conference President
Medical Microbiology-Bacteriology, College of Medicine, Babylon University, Iraq
III
ISC 2013 Organizing-Committee
ISC-2013 Apex Committee
Chief Patron,
Dr. Paul Dhinakaran
Chancellor, Karunya University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu,
India
Advisor
Professor MacDonald Idu
Vice-Chancellor, Benson Idahosa University, Benin City,
Edo State, Nigeria, West Africa
Patron
Dr. Jeyakumar Daniel
Chancellor Representative, Karunya University,
Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
Advisor
Dr. G. S. Mukherjee
Scientist-F/ Additional Director, DRDO,
Ministry of Defense, Govt. of India, India
Patron
Dr. E.J. James
Vice Chancellor, Karunya University, Coimbatore, Tamil
Nadu, India
Advisor
Dr. N.C. Jain
Maharaja Ranjit Singh College of Professional Sciences,
Indore, MP, India
Patron
Dr. C. Joseph Kennady
Registrar, Karunya University, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore,
India
Convenor
Dr. Cesar G. Demayo
Professor and Chairperson, University Iligan Institute of
Technology, Tibanga, Iligan City, Philippines
Chairman
Dr. M. Patrick Gomez
Director, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences,
Co-Convenor
Dr. Subramayan Vasudevan
Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi,
Tamil Nadu, India
Co-Chairman
Dr. J.Jannet Vennila
Head, Department of Biotechnology, Karunya University,
Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
President
Dr. Habeeb S. Neher
Professor,
Babylon University, Iraq
Organizing Secretary
Dr. Narendhirakanan RT
Assistant Professor (SG), Department of Biotechnology,
Coordinator
Prof. Swapan Kumar Chakrabarti
MMAM College, Biratnagar, Tribhuvan University,
Kathmandu, Nepal
Coordinator Reception
Dr. P. Jegathambal
Water Institute, Karunya University, Coimbatore, Tamil
Nadu, India
Convenor Sectional Programme
Dr. Ajay S. Singh
Department of AEM
University of Swaziland, Swaziland
Coordinator Sectional Program
Dr. Philomena George
Coordinator Hospitality
Dr. Jesse Joel T.
Vrindavan, Mathura, UP, India
Core Member
Dr. N. Prabhavathy Devi
Queen Mary’s College, Tamil Nadu, India
Core Member
Dr. S. Ariponnammal
Gandhigram Rural Institute, Deemed University,
Gandhigram Dindigul District, Tamilnadu, India
Prof. Dr. Dipak Sharma
Director and Editor-in-Chief
Mob.: +91-9302232884, E-mail: [email protected]
IV
CONTENTS
Sr. No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Sections
Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS
Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences
ISCA-ISC-2013-2AVFS
Biological Sciences
ISCA-ISC-2013-3BS
Chemical Sciences
ISCA-ISC-2013-4CS
Computer and Information Technology Sciences
ISCA-ISC-2013-5CITS
Earth and Geological Sciences
ISCA-ISC-2013-6EGS
Engineering Sciences
SCA-ISC-2013-7EngS
Environmental Sciences
ISCA-ISC-2013-8EVS
Forensic Sciences
ISCA-ISC-2013-9FS
Family, Community and Consumer Sciences
ISCA-ISC-2013-10FCCS
Material Sciences
ISCA-ISC-2013-11MatS
Mathematical and Statistical Sciences
ISCA-ISC-2013-12MSS
Medical Sciences
ISCA-ISC-2013-13MediS
Pharmaceutical Sciences
ISCA-ISC-2013-14PCS
Physical Sciences
ISCA-ISC-2013-15PhyS
Physical Education and Sports Sciences
ISCA-ISC-2013-16PESS
Educational Sciences
ISCA-ISC-2013-17EduS
Commerce, Law and Management Sciences
ISCA-ISC-2013-18CLMS
Library Sciences
ISCA-ISC-2013-19LS
Social and Humanity Sciences
ISCA-ISC-2013-20SHS
Page No.
03
39
53
94
129
135
139
159
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215
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237
239
242
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247
V
4th International Science Congress (ISC-2014)
8th - 9th December 2014
Pacific University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
www.isca.in, www.isca.me, www.isca.net.co
Focal Theme: Global Research: Enhancements, Reform and Commercialization
There are twenty sections namely: 1. Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 2. Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences, 3. Biological
Sciences, 4. Chemical Sciences, 5. Computer and Information Technology Sciences, 6. Earth and Geological Sciences, 7. Engineering
Sciences (Civil, Electrical, Electronics, Mechanical, Textile, etc.), 8. Environmental Sciences, 9. Forensic Sciences, 10. Family, Community
and Consumer Sciences, 11. Material Sciences 12. Mathematical and Statistical Sciences 13. Medical Sciences, 14. Pharmaceutical
Sciences, 15. Physical Sciences, 16. Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 17. Educational Sciences, 18. Commerce, Law and
Management, 19. Library Sciences 20. Social and Humanity Sciences: Anthropological, Behavioral Sciences, Sociology, Economics,
Political Science, Geography, Drawing, Music, Dance, Philosophy, History and Languages, Journalism and Role of Media, NGOs and their
roll.
Please mention the section and preferences for oral or poster presentation
Abstracts will be published in Souvenir with ISBN.
Print Souvenir ISBN 978-93-83520-28-2 E-Souvenir ISBN 978-93-83520-27-5
After approval of two experts, we will publish full papers in special issue of an international peer reviewed journal
“Research Journal of Recent Sciences” (ISSN 2277-2502) ISI (Thomson Reuters) covered.
Award:
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International Young Scientist Award – For Best Poster Presentation
International Best Oral Presentation Award
International Best Poster Presentation Awards
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VI
Souvenir of 3rd International Science Congress _______________________________________ ISC-2013
Utilitarian Moral Theory: A Guide for Innovation with Global Responsibility
Dr. Robert C. Schneider
Professor, Sport Management
Coordinator, Sport Management Program,
The College at Brockport, State University of New York, Brockport, New York 14420, US
Innovation when combined with appropriate business practice can produce outcomes that dramatically impact the global
society. Thomas Edison’s invention of the light bulb paved the way for nocturnal activities that did not exist prior to
artificial light. Henry Ford’s development of motor cars provided people with an independent means to rapidly travel to
destinations previously not accessible. Amelia Earhart’s transatlantic flight began a gender equity conversation that
continues today in the U.S. More recently, the electronic innovations by Bill Gates, and Steve Jobs revolutionized
communication in a way the world has never before experienced. Pierre de Coubertin’s vision to create the 1896 Modern
Olympic Games continues to tremendously impact athletes, fans, and media personnel throughout the world. Staying
power alone serves as general evidence that the global impact of these wide ranging innovations, has been and continues
to be positive. However, a responsible approach to new innovation is one that does not merely assume that practical
outcomes resulting from innovation will ultimately serve the long term global good of human kind. Under the premise
that to be good is to be responsible, utilitarian moral theory can serve as a guide to help determine whether innovations
of today are responsible. The use of utilitarian moral theory can help predict the extent to which particular innovations,
regardless of discipline, supports the best interests of a global society. Achieving happiness is a central component of
utilitarian John Stuart Mill’s Greatest Happiness Principle and must also be a central focus of attempts to determine if
outcomes of innovations will result in an overall happiness of a global society. Utilitarian Jeremy Bentham also focused
on happiness as a reflection of morality when he pointed out the necessity of understanding the elicitation of pleasures
and pains when attempting to predict collective happiness. Outcomes from innovation should also be measured from the
perspective of Bentham’s and Mill’s utilitarian beliefs, expressed by Beauchamp who declared that when predicting
happiness a heavy reliance on common sense, habits, and past experience should be emphasized.
Contemporary Innovation Challenges and Responsibility of Researchers
G.S. Mukherjee
Defence Scientific Information and Documentation Centre, Defence Research & Development Organization,
Metcalfe House DRDO Complex, New Delhi-110 054 INDIA
Innovation is the soul of a dynamic system for progress of civilization. It is an inexhaustible force for the prosperity of a
community or a society and nation at large. Without innovations, enterprises would proceed towards extinction; so it is,
in a way, the life force for any dynamic system. However, it is a double-edged sword as it often entails certain risk factors
while seeking immediate solution through short term gain. Innovations may appear as proper innovation, improper
innovation and uncertain innovation. The proper innovation is beneficial to the holistic growth to help improve people’s
quality of life for a healthy and harmonious human society with high social value and satisfaction. Obviously, improper
innovation is harmful through which industries or institutes for example, may deceive the quality inspection for immediate
short term gain. On the other hand, uncertain innovation particularly requires proper attention for assessment with
reference to the risk of uncertainty and its long term effects on health of a society; for example, genetically modified
biotechnologies and the use of a variety of food additives or for that matter of nuclear energy or radiation resource and
vice versa require special care and judicious judgment.
Year 2013 will remain memorable in the sense that it is the centenary year of many of the new inventions and innovations
of modern civilization. The year 2013 marks the 100th year of Niels Bohr who unveiled the model of the Hydrogen Atom.
Many believe modern path breaking innovation came into existence with the enunciation of the quantum theory by Neils
Borh in the year 1913. In the same year 1913, Bragg diffraction (also referred to as the Bragg formulation of X-ray
diffraction) was first proposed by William Lawrence Bragg and William Henry Bragg – the father-son duo presented
their work at the Royal Society of London about the reflection of X-rays by crystals which is very helpful to understand
the arrangement of atoms in the crystal structure. This year 2013 is also the 100th anniversary year of the landmark
experiment conducted by Moseley to establish the classical correlation of atomic number (Z) of the elements with the
1
frequency (n) of x-ray emitted from the corresponding targeted atoms what is later known by the name of Moseley’s law.
Moseley modified Mendeleev’s belief in the sense that Moseley’s experimental evidence was so class apart that it impacted
the concept of construction of Mendeleev’s periodic table. In fact, such innovative impact led to reconfiguration of the
Mendeleev’s old table to a new version in which it accommodated not only the existing elements but also gave space for
inclusion of possible future elements to be discovered in course of time through human endeavor.
Thus, such quest for invention and innovations of human race never stopped but continued to cascade its success in the
endeavor is due to continuous effort to upgrade the scientific knowledge and try for technological innovations. Science
is not only concerned with the material aspects of mankind but is also trying to unfold the mysteries of creation of earth
of this solar system and the universe with an effort to discover Hoggs boson or what is called God-particle to understand
how mass is accumulated on the matter. With this mission of mankind, Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN has been
built up and is hailed as the biggest scientific and engineering accomplishment to explore towards understanding how the
universe came to acquire its current shape. With the discovery of Higgs boson particles, Peter Higgs got the Nobel Prize
this year. With such overwhelming success of the LHC, this year 2013 Physicists plan to build a bigger LHC (large
hadron collider) what is now termed as VLHC (very large hadron collider); Discoveries at the LHC, now being upgraded
and will inform designs for the next accelerator. Such accelerator ring would be 100 kilometres around and run at seven
times the energy of the LHC. In fact, LHC is the most expensive and largest international project venture of science
where scientists selected from different countries across the globe have been working in close cooperation. Thus, the
practice of science is truly a global culture because in today’s society where science is broadly integrated towards
enhancing every aspects of human welfare and enquire.
Thus, global culture of research has brought about a perceptible change in the mindset of scientists to adopt the new
concept of innovations for better gain. Online Science Games are a new way of innovations where it combines science
with fun. Such online games have led to the solving of mysteries that have plagued scientists for a long time. ‘Foldit’ is
one of such online games has drawn great attention among the researchers because it showed how a group of some video
gamers could solve the structure of Simian AIDS-causing Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (M-PMV) which puzzled the
scientists for so many years. This was possible because of the computer game ‘Foldit’ and the solution was so good that
enabled the scientist to fine tune the methodology to get the crystal structure of the protein. Such innovative methodology
can be so interesting that many of the most complex molecular problems can be solved by just playing through simple
online game. Foldit is a revolutionary new computer game enabling one to contribute to important scientific research.
Such game is literally based on the operation of folding patterns of peptides and protein formation. Structure of proteins
greatly influence their function, so even a small change in the folding pattern can bring about a huge change in the protein
function. The complexity of the three-dimensional, 3D structure and its close association with protein function all along
perplexed the researchers until the innovation of ‘Foldit’ which attempted to predict the structures of proteins by taking
advantage of the puzzle-solving spatial intuitions. And people play competitively to get best folded structure. Players
can design brand new proteins that could help tackle important diseases. Some of the most fatal diseases like AIDS,
Alzheimer, and Cancer under study. One can participate in such innovative program by solving the protein mysteries
through ‘Foldit’ approach. It has been an established fact that scientific research and innovation are essential for the
growth and progress of civilization and society. But researchers’ responsibility is to assess the pros and cons meticulously
and decide what gives the best in totality for the society. This international conference provides a scope for discussion
towards integrating the whole research community of the globe. In this conference, it will be of interest to discuss the
topics of the global challenges in relation to handling the new innovations and issues like green technology, energy from
various angles to encourage collaborative activities for innovation in favor of the holistic benefit.
Be Fellow Member of
2
ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-01
Amylase Production and Diversity in Seed-Borne Fungi of Pearl millet and their
control Measures
D.N. Khairnar
Plant Pathology Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, KAANMS, Arts, Commerce and Science College Satana,
Maharashtra, INDIA
Abstract: Twenty three fungal species were found associated with seeds of eight cultivars of pearl millet. Maximum
fungi were reported from seeds of var. BJ- 104 and ICMS-7703.Starch nitrate medium was more favourable than glucose
nitrate and bajra flour nitrate medium for amylase production by fungi. Maximum amylase production was produced by
Aspergillus flavus, Curvularia pallecens and nil by Cladosporium herbarium. Amylase production was completely inhibited
by Foltaf and Zincop and they followed by Hexafer-10, Dithane M-45, Zineb-75, Bavistin, Captan and Dithante Z-78.
Keywords: Seed-borne fungi, Pearl millet, Amylase, control.
The Fertilizer Substitution Potential of Human Urine from Ecosan Toilet
Systems for Vegetable Production
Sridevi G.1 Srinivasamurthy C.A.1 and Joshi Mukund 2
1Department
of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, GKVK, Bengaluru, Karnataka, INDIA
2Department of Agronomy, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, Karnataka, INDIA
Abstract In recent years there has been an increasing focus on technology development in sanitation which is safe and
enabling more efficient and effective recovery of resources in human waste. ECOSAN Toilet is a concept widely used
and aims to prevent and reduce water pollution, and to safely reuse human urine in agriculture. In this context, field
experiment was conducted to study the effect of human urine with combination of FYM, and chemical fertilizers as
nutrient sources of fertilization on the yield of different vegetable crops in succession for 2 years in the same field was
done with 10 treatment combinations. The constituent of human urine collected from persons of different age group of
non-vegetarian diet was slightly higher compared to urine from persons of vegetarian diet. In the field experiment at the
University farm, yield of all the crops was significantly highest in treatment receiving human urine + FYM followed by
human urine alone. Generally the results showed that human urine compared well with urea as a source of N for crops
and does not pose any significant hygienic threats and in food products.
Keywords: Cow urine, FYM, yield, Human urine and chemical fertilizers
Effect of different Seed treatment on Germination and Seedling Growth in Acacia
Mangium
Gunjan Patil
Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Environmental Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, CG, INDIA
Abstract: Effect seed germination and seedling growth are an important stage of the plant for establishing them in an
environment for entire life. Seeds always react with various climatic stress as per their genetically and physiological
potential and finally reflected in germination and seedling vigour. Seed germination and seedling vigour of Acacia
mangium is affected with series of experiments conducted in the standard laboratory condition. Concentrate H2SO4 was
received maximum germination in 10 minutes scarification (90.67%) and also high growth of seedling in respect to all
parameters. Most suitable temperature was found for germination 32°C (97.33 %) and poor germination at the 40°C
(36.0 %). Moisture stress was showed germination decrease with increase concentrations and poor growth in seedlings
Maximum in control (97.33 %) and minimum in 10 atm (5.33 %).
Keywords: Scarification, Germination, Moisture Stress and Seed vigour etc.
Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Growth and Grain development
of Grain Amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus Linn.)
Dhixya Deve K.R. and Bhavani Sanker K.
Forest College and Research Institute, Mettupalayam, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: The investigation was carried out to study the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth and
development of grain amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus Linn.) at Forest College and Research Institute,
3
Mettupalayam. The experiment was carried out in randomized block design with eight treatments and three replications.
The trial included treatment combinations of 100 per cent inorganic NPK, 25 per cent N as Neem Coated Urea (NCU) +
75 per cent N as Urea, 50 per cent N as NCU + 50 per cent N as Urea, 75 N as NCU + 25 per cent N as Urea, 25 per cent
N organic (FYM) + 75 per cent N inorganic (Urea), 50 per cent N organic + 50 per cent N inorganic and 75 per cent N
organic + 25 per cent N inorganic. In all the treatments recommended doses of P and K were applied in full doses. The
results revealed that the growth parameters such as plant height, earhead length, 100% flowering, days to maturity and
grain yield (974.07 Kg/ ha) were significantly increased by the application of 50 per cent N as NCU + 50 per cent N as
urea when compared to the control (398.00 Kg/ ha).
Keywords: Grain Amaranth, Urea, Neem Coated Urea, FYM, growth, grain yield.
Mitigating Climate Change through Fodder Cultivation
Rajkumar J.S.I. 1, Nishanth B.2 Meenakshi Sundaram S.1, Sankaran V.M. 3 and Sivakumar T.4
1Department
of Livestock Production and Management, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
University Training and Research Centre, Parakkai (Post) Kanyakumari (District), Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
3Department of Agronomy, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
4Faculty of Food Sciences, College of Food and Dairy Technology, Koduvalli, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
2Veterinary
Abstract: Major domain of agricultural cropping system is questioned for its contribution to carbon flux in soil. Enhancing
the organic carbon pool in this system is therefore necessary to reduce environmental degradation and maintain agricultural
productivity towards global warming. A field experiment was conducted to quantify changing dynamics of soil organic
carbon storage by forage crops. Four types of forage crops; fodder maize and fodder cowpea of annual, hedge Lucerne
and hybrid Napier of perennial were cultivated in Ramayanpatti village (Tirunelveli district, Tamilnadu, India), using
split plot method following guidelines of TNAU, with minimal usage of fertilizers and maximum input of farm yard
manure. The experiments were conducted in triplicates, with control the results showed a significance of P<0.01 amount
of carbon sequestered by Hybrid napier. The rate of carbon sequestered by Hybrid napier was high when compared with
Hedge lucerne, followed by fodder maize and fodder cowpea. It is evident from this study that the agricultural soils
studied have large potential to sequester carbon and the conversion of crops to Hybrid napier and Hedge lucerne (Perennial
fodder crops) could be one of the effective strategies to improve carbon sequestration in this region. From the present
study Hybrid napier promises to be a potential fodder for carbon sequestration in agricultural ecosystems. These results
demonstrate that agricultural management impacts on soil organic carbon storage will vary depending on climatic conditions
driving soil organic matter dynamics.
Keywords: forage crops; soil organic carbon; black soil; carbon sequestration; agriculture soil.
Impact of Demonstrations under Farmers Participatory Research (FPR) and
Trainings on Enhancement of Water Productivity
Gouri.V1 and Devendar Reddy.M2
1Regional Agricultural
2Water
Research Station, Anakapalle, A.P, INDIA
Technology Center, ANGRAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, A.P, INDIA
Abstract: Farmer Participatory Research (FPR) is a new approach that involves farmers directly in decision making and
in the development of suitable practices that are not only effective in saving water , but also increase yields or income to
the farmer. The Water productivity which is defined as an amount of crop output per unit amount of water used, needs to
be enhanced without compromise on the production of the crop. Efforts were made to create awareness among farmers
of North Coastal Zone of Andhra Pradesh, India on water saving technologies like crop water requirements based irrigation
scheduling, methods of irrigation including micro - irrigation through demonstrations and trainings to farmers and extension
personnel during the period 2008-2010. Farmers having plenty of irrigation source were selected and experiments were
conducted at five locations of Visakhapatnam district by comparing farmers method of cultivation with that of improved
practices including irrigation in maize, sunflower and groundnut by themselves on their own fields, in collaboration with
researchers.. There is saving of water to the extent of 1200-1500 m3 in maize, 400-500 m3 in sunflower and 200 m3 in
groundnut with an increase in yield by 33, 33 and 42 percent compared to farmers practice where the yields obtained
were 22,500 cobs/ha, 2.2 t/ha and 1.2 t/ha in maize, sunflower and groundnut respectively. From the results obtained the
farmers decided to continue the experimentation. The training programmes on increasing water productivity in agriculture
were organized for 7 days to 60 farmers and 14 days to 30 trainers (extension personnel) during 2009 at RARS, Anakapalle.
The trainers level of knowledge, attitude and skill on water saving technologies in crop production increased by 2.75,
1.36 and 2.5 times respectively. Similar trend was observed in farmer’s knowledge in water management. The experience
4
shows that there is a need for empowering the farmers through trainings and demonstrations on water saving and crop
production technologies for enhancing the water productivity in Agriculture.
Keywords: Demonstrations, farmers participatory action research, traininsg, water productivity,
Integrated Farming System boosted farm income of farmer- A Case study
Kulkarni Shyamrao and Upperi S.N.
Agricultural Extension Education Centre, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, INDIA
Abstract: To meet the multiple objectives of poverty reduction, food security, competitiveness and sustainability,
Agricultural Extension Education Centre, Lingsugur of UAS, Raichur under RKVY project is promoting integrated
farming system (IFS) at Lingsugur taluk in Raichur district, Karnataka state. Totally 27 farmers are involved in the
programme. Need based trainings, exposure visits, demonstrations are being conducted since 2012. Beneficiary Mr.
Rachappa Alvi having 4 acres of land, integrated various IFS components like improved crop management practices
(Seed treatment with bio-inputs, balanced nutrients including secondary and micronutrients, herbicide usage), diversified
crop and cropping systems (Sunflower followed by maize and groundnut), animal component, fishery, poultry, horticulture
components (Fruit crops and vegetables), vermicomposting those helped him to boost the farm income. Earlier he used
to depend on single crop and cropping system, income is very low that would not have been meeting his family livelihood.
His family members are used to go outside for laboring. After integrating various components, generated continuous
farm activities that inturn enhanced farm income from Rs 57950.00 to 127218.00.
Keywords: IFS, Farm income, Food security, Sustainability
Pre – Sowing Seed treatment Techniques in Agriculture
Shyamrao Kulkarni
Agricultural Extension Education Centre, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, INDIA
Abstract: As early as 1934, Henkel and Kolotova suggested method of pre-sowing seed treatment for increasing drought
and frost resistance in agriculture crops. Pre-sowing seed treatment is a simple technique where seeds are soaked in
water or respective solutions for given period of time and at the time of commencement of the signs of germination they
are dried back to the original moisture level. Pre-sowing seed treatment soaking with water, mineral solutions (CaCl2,
ZnSO4, Cobalt sulphate/chloride, K2SO4, CuSO4, Sodium molybdate, boric acid, Manganese sulphate and other), growth
regulars (Ascorbic acid, Kinetin, Benzyl adenine, GA, CCC and other), organic sources (Vermiwash, Jeevamruth, Cow
urine and other) alone or in combinations found to speed up germination process, increased germination rate and seedling
vigour, improved resistance to water and salinity stress and increased crop yields. Being a low cost, easy to understand
and simple technology, location specific and crop specific recommendation are needed. Hence an attempt is made to
review the work on pre-sowing seed treatment as an effective tool of efficient resource use technology.
Keyword: Seed treatment, Germination, Vigour, soaking.
Earthworm and Soil Fertility
Leena Lakhani
Govt. Girls P.G. College, Ujjain, INDIA
Abstract: The fertility of soil can be defined as its capacity to produce crop and is dependent on many physical, chemical
and biological properties of the soil. Earthworm can play a significant role in enhancing soil fertility and plants productivity
in a number of direct and indirect ways. Earthworms are of enormous ecological importance; their activity depends on
soil moisture and temperature. They are found in top layer of soil, where food is most abundant. The worm ingests soil
along with organic matter, which is swallowed and grind in the gizzard. In this way they contribute in the recycling of
organic wastage and production of healthy organic fertilizers. During this process, the worms are propagated and multiplied,
the worms biomass thus produced is processed to obtain worm protein to use as substitute for fish, birds and mammals
meal in the animal feed industry. Most of the effects of earthworms on the physical properties of soil can be interpreted
in terms of change in pore size distribution. The induced pores can vary from large channels created by burrowing to the
medium pores, resulting from castings and mixing. In this way earthworms maintain physical soil characteristics and
processes such as aeration, water permeability and mineral turnover.
Keywords: Earthworm, Soil fertility, Organic fertilizer, Aeration, Mineral turnover.
5
Effect of sewage on Peroxidase activity, Carbohydrate, Protein, and Iron
content of Seedlings of Trigonella foenumgraecum (Methi)
Bafna Angoorbala and Pathrol Manisha Maheshwari Rameshwar
Department of Biochemistry, Govt. Holkar Science College, Indore, MP, INDIA
Abstract: Environmental pollution is an undesirable change in atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere. Nowadays
large amount of untreated sewage is being discharged into surface bodies for disposal. As there is water shortage therefore,
farmers are using this waste water to irrigate their vegetable fields in city conurbations. Such irrigation practices give
very good crop yields as it contains large amount of organic material and some inorganic elements essential for plant
growth. The present research was done to study the effect of different dilutions viz; 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 0% of
sewage of Krishnapura nallah Indore on Peroxidase Enzyme activity, Carbohydrate, Protein and Iron content of Seedlings
of Trigonella foenumgraecum (Methi). Significant reduction in iron, Carbohydrate, and Protein content was observed.
Peroxidase activity was significantly decreased at all the dilutions of sewage as compared to 100% dilution. Maximum
Reduction in Iron content (57.14%) and carbohydrate content (60.6%) were found at 75% dilution. Maximum decrease
in Protein content (15.24%) was found at 25% dilution. Maximum decrease (13.4%) in Peroxidase activity was found at
75% dilution. Present study result indicate that sewage create oxidative stress on germinating seedlings.
Keywords: Sewage, peroxidase activity carbohydrate, protein, Trigonella foenumgraecum (Methi)
Effect of Pruning in Jatropha (Jatropha curcas linn.) and Fertility levels in
Wheat on Soil Nutrients and performance of Agrisilviculture system in
Tarai region of Uttarakhand, India
R. P. Yadav, O.P.S. Bana, R. Kaushal and P. R. Rajput
G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, INDIA
Abstract: The investigation was carried out at Agroforestry Research Centre, Haldi of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture
and Technology, Pantnagar, to study the effect of four pruning height (no pruning, 50 cm, 100 cm and 150 cm) in
Jatropha and three fertility levels (50%, 100% and 150% of recommended dose of NPK) in wheat on soil nutrients and
performance of agrisilviculture system. The grain, straw and biological yield was significantly influenced by fertility
levels, whereas, the effect of pruning height appeared to be non-significant. Grain, straw and biological yield reduced by
16.56 %, 12.56 % and 13.85 % respectively under Jatropha in comparison to sole crop. The number of potential shoots
(i.e. spikes)/m, spike length (cm), number of grains per spike, grain weight/spike, and thousand grain weight were
significantly influenced by fertility levels while, the effect of pruning height found to be non-significant, except for spike
length. The successive increase in fertility levels had significant influence on wheat yield and yield attributes. Number of
spikes/m row and number of grains/spike appeared to be most important yield attributes. Both the pruning and fertility
treatments significantly influenced growth and seed yield in Jatropha. The pruning in Jatropha had a positive effect on
net change in soil fertility level.
Keywords: Agrisilviculture system; Fertility levels; Jatropha curcas; Prunning.
A Two-Stage Supply Chain Model for Mango Marketing Chain Efficiency –
A data Envelopment Approach (DEA)
K. Kumaresh1 and C. Sekar2
1Department
of Agricultural and Rural Management, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, INDIA
Harvest Technology Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, INDIA
2Post
Abstract: The present study attempts the two-stage variable returns to scale data envelopment analysis models to evaluate
the efficiency of Krishnagiri district farmers using 240 mango growers of Tamil Nadu State. The study calculates the
production and marketing stage efficiency level and found that majority of the famers were efficient in production stage
and they were inefficient in the marketing stage. Under VRS assumption all farmers in production stage (100.00 per
cent) were highly efficient with efficiency score of 1.00, which infers that farmers were highly efficient in production of
mango and in case of famers in marketing stage about 77 per cent had lower efficiency score between 0.10 to 0.50, which
infers that farmers had lower efficient in marketing of mango. Two-stage supply chain model infers that mango producers
in study area doing much better for the production than marketing. Three chains have similar high efficiency scores
6
(76.00 per cent) at the production stage, but much inefficient (less than 5.80 per cent) at the marketing stage. From the
results, the farmers were inefficient in all the three chains of marketing stage mainly due constraints in storage facilities,
poor access of market information and high transaction cost.
Keywords: Data Envelopment Analysis, Mango, Efficiency, Chain.
Association studies in Jatropha curcas L.
Reeja Sundaram and M.Paramathma
Department of Tree Breeding, Forest College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, INDIA
Abstract: Seed sources of Jatropha curcas were evaluated for association studies in plant growth traits. Significant
differences (p=0.01) were observed among twenty seed sources for all the traits studied viz., plant height, basal diameter,
number of branches and seed yield. Correlation and path co-efficient analysis showed that genotypic correlation were
higher than phenotypic correlation in all the traits studied. The traits also expressed a positive and significant genotypic
intercorrelation between themselves. This offers a breeder ample scope to undertake screening and selection of seed
sources for the desired traits. Path coefficient analysis revealed that number of branches registered the highest direct
effect. Maximum positive indirect effect on seed yield was exerted by basal diameter through number of branches.
Keywords: Association, Phenotypic Correlation, Genotypic Correlation, Path coefficient and Seed source.
Grading and Estimation of Genetic Variability from Fresh and Stored Seeds of
Jatropha curcas L.
Chavan Arun1 V. K. Gour2 and Niharika Shukla2
1Department
of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU, Varanasi- 221005, INDIA
2Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, JNKVV, Jabalpur-482004, INDIA
Abstract: Jatropha curcas L. belonging to family Euphorbiaceae originated from South America. The oil extracted
from seeds can be converted into biodiesel by transestrification (Foidl et al., 1996). The present study involves 92 plants
over 59 accessions to estimate variation and grading for seed characteristics. The variability in seed length was used as
base to formulate seed grade (I to IX). The grading based on seed length and subclasses within unfilled and filled class
of seeds in eight accessions revealed that grade I to IV with seed length of 1.3 to 1.6 cm constitute unfilled class of seeds
called underdeveloped, where as grade V to IX with 1.7 to 2.1 cm length constitute filled class of seed called developed
seeds. The seed traits of accessions under study have shown maximum seed range in the seed length, thickness and
breadth (1.3 cm to 2.1 cm, 1.0 cm to 1.2 cm and 0.8 cm to 1.0 cm) is higher than reported (Anonymous, 1959; Farooqi
and Srinivasappa, 2004). The facts reveal that variation could be mainly due to genetic variation. The variation need to
be screened to identify plants with higher length breadth and thickness and also to develop mechanical screening based
on seed size to isolate desired grade for oil extraction.
Keywords: Jatropha, seed breadth, fresh and stored seeds, plus tree and seed grading
Identification of an easy, reliable and eco friendly treatment for viability
maintenance in TNAU Blackgram Cv.CO 6 (Vigna Mungo (L) Hepper)
S.Poonguzhali and K. Ramamoorthy
Seed Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore – 641 003, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: In India, blackgram is the main edible crop ranking fourth among the pulses. The area under blackgram is 2.60
lakh hectares with production of 0.99 lakh tonnes. More than half of the Indian population is vegetarian and legumes
play a very important role in human diet as vegetable protein which is an essential supplement to cereal based diet. Self
sufficiency in the production of cereals could be achieved through green revolution, but not in pulses. Because of the
need for nitrogen and its ecologically safe utilization in the expansion of crop production area, pulses play a vital role in
the agriculture. There is a need to increase the performance of pulse crops, particularly in developing countries, where
most grain legume production is for human consumption and demand is increasing due to population increase. The poor
performance of pulses may be attributed to several factors, of which preservation of seed is of great importance. Invariably
the seeds have to be stored through the monsoon for the next sowing during which period the rise in the ambient relative
humidity coupled with the prevailing high temperature can accelerate the ageing process of the seed, leads to deterioration,
resulting in loss of vigour and viability. To overcome this deterioration problem, different easy and eco friendly
invigouration treatments can be successfully employed to prolong the shelf life of unsold stock and highly useful for long
7
term storage. Blackgram seeds of different vigour status of seeds could be invigourated (enriched) using eco friendly
treatments like moist sand conditioning with 5% water holding capacity and 48h of duration, 24h of moisture equilibrium
and 1h soaking and drying recorded an improvement in seed quality parameters viz., seed germination percentage,
seedling length, dry matter production and maintained vigour and viability of seeds.
Keywords: Seed invigouration, Blackgram, Soaking and Drying, Moisture equilibrium, Moist sand conditioning.
Paradigm on Genetically Modified Foods
Suseela Lanka, S.K.Gousia and J. Naveena Lavanya Latha
Department of Biotechnology, Krishna University, Machilipatnam, INDIA
Abstract: Genetically modified foods (GM foods) are foods produced from genetically modified organisms (GMOs),
specifically, genetically modified crops. GMOs are produced by introducing specific changes into their DNA by genetic
engineering techniques. For centuries, food crops and animals have been altered through selective breeding. While genes
can be transferred during selective breeding, the scope for exchanging genetic material is much wider using genetic
engineering. The global population is expected to reach 9 billion people, requiring 70% more food than what is produced
today by 2050. Food security is needed for growing population which cannot be met by conventional breeding methods
because of limited land resources and other environmental conditions. GM Foods are the only way to meet the required
food demand. Globally, GM crops still occupy only 3.4 percent of the total farmland. In India, 9.4 million hectares of
GM crops were sown in 2010, out of a total of 182 million hectares of irrigated farmland in the country. Governments
around the world are placing strict regulations on genetically modified foods. People around the globe are having many
doubts and myths regarding the safety of GM foods. This could be due to false and misleading labeling of foods like’ GM
FREE FOODS’. In this context the current study is undertaken to know the awareness of educated community and their
perceptions regarding the consumption of GM Foods by preparing a questionnaire.
Keywords: GM Foods, Selective breeding, DNA, Genetic Engineering, Food security.
Assessment of Genetic divergence among theelite landraces for yield and its
component traitsin maize (Zea Mays) through d2 statistics
Niharikashukla, D.K.Mishra, Arun Chavan and Sanjay Singh
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, JNKVV, Jabalpur, MP, INDIA
Abstract: The present investigation was carried out at Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, J.N.K.V.V. Jabalpur,
to estimate the genetic divergence between yield and its component characters, and to identify the importance of individual
character and formulating selection criteria for improvement in yield. The experimental material comprised of 62 Desi
maize lines collected from different parts of M.P. with 2 checks. The percentage contribution towards genetic divergence
by all the characters revealed that, biological yield per plant contributed most towards genetic divergence followed by
remaining characters in descending order viz.grain yield per plant, ear weight and plant height these four traits accounted
for 93.06 per cent of total variability. On the basis of D2, 64 genotypes were grouped into 5 clusters. Maximum numbers
of genotypes were recorded in cluster I having 60 genotypes followed by cluster II, III,IV and cluster V which had only
one genotype in each. Cluster I showed maximum intra cluster D2 value while Cluster II, III, IV and V were monogenotypic hence, showed no intra cluster divergence. On the basis of inter-cluster distances, high inter cluster divergence
was observed between cluster I and cluster V, followed by cluster I and IV, and cluster III and V, while it was lowest
between clusters II and III. By selecting diverse parents from these clusters crop improvement work in maize can be
strengthened.
Keywords: Maize,D2 statistics, Genetic Divergence, Intra and Inter-cluster Distance
Exploration and collection of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) in Western
Ghats and characterisation for industrial use
Kanagarasu S1., Justinraj F2., Prem Joshua J.2, Ganeshram S.1 and John Joel A.1
1Dept.
of Plant Genetic Resources, Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Uni., Coimbatore, TN, INDIA
2Horticultural
Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Pechiparai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: In India cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) is extensively cultivated as an annual tuberous root crop for
food and industrial purposes. The study was aimed to explore and collect the adapted landraces of cassava available in
8
Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu and to characterise the existing variability with particular reference to amylose for industrial
applications. A total of 52 landraces were collected from various parts of Western Ghats and significant variations for
morphological, root and root quality traits were observed. Analysis on quality parameters revealed that, amylose content
ranged from 14.4% to 30.4% with an average of 22.0%. Landraces Adukku Muttan and Ullii chigappan showed low
amylose content (14.4%) which is highly amenable for paper, textiles and plywood industries. Landraces with yellow
pulp had high carotenoids can be used for culinary purpose by the local peoples. Cluster analysis grouped the landraces
into five clusters and the number of accessions varied from 2 to 26. Knowledge on the variability in amylose content and
phenotypic diversity for root traits increases the efficiency of the cassava breeding programmes by way of utilising them
for industrial purpose and also helps in developing core collections which makes handling of germplasm easy for plant
breeders. Diversity in amylose content may help in finding appropriate industrial utility and to formulate efficient quality
improvement programme.
Keywords: cassava, landraces, exploration, morphology, diversity, amylose content.
Molecular characterization and standardization of cultivation for Wood Ear
Mushroom (Auricularia polytricha (Mont.) Sacc.
Ahila Devi P., PrakasamV., Thiribhuvanamala G. and Veeralakshmi S.
Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, TN, INDIA
Abstract: Molecular characterization of A.polytricha was studied using ITS primers by comparing with P.platypus, P.
florida, and P. eous. The polymerase chain reaction primers, ITS-1 and ITS-4 were used to amplify the ITS of ribosomal
DNA, which encompasses both ITS-1 and ITS-4 regions. The results of the study indicated that all mushrooms exhibited
similarity in ITS lengths. On gel electrophoresis, the amplified region of A.polytricha showed fragment of 600-700bp.The
amplified product were eluted and sequenced.Surveys were conducted in the hills of Nilgiris, Shervoys and Lower
Pulneys during rainy season. A Wood ear mushroom was collected from coffee plantations of Horticultural Research
Station, Yercaud. The fungus was identified as Auriculariapolytricha (Mont.) Sacc. based on cultural and morphological
characters. The studies conducted at MR and TC, TNAU, Coimbatore revealed that the paddy straw +wheat bran (3:1)
ratio recorded minimum days for spawn run(21.3 days), pin head formation(31.3) and first harvest (35.6 days). The same
combination also recorded the highest yield of 147.6 g/bed bioefficiency of 59.04 percent. The total cropping period was
also the minimum in the same treatment. In the trials conducted at Vijaya Mushrooms, Coimbatore (North), paddy
straw+ wheat bran (3:1) ratio again recorded a significantly higher yield of 132.0 g/bed and bio efficiency of 58.20
percent with minimum cropping period of 47.3 days. The yield performance trials conducted at Maha Mushroom,
Kovaipudur, and Coimbatore (South) also revealed the same trend as paddy straw+wheat bran (3:1) again recorded
significantly higher yield of 130g/bed and bioefficiency of 52.00 percent.
Keywords: A.polytricha- ITS-1 - ITS-4- cropping period- bio efficiency
Effective communication modes increases yield of Groundnut in rural
Agriculture of Kalwan Tahsil of Nashik District, Maharashtra, India
Aher D.K.1 and Saler R.S.2
1K.R.A. Art’s,
Sci. and Comm. College Deola, Nashik, Maharashtra, INDIA
2 P.G. Department of Botany, K.T.H.M. College, Nashik, Maharashtra, INDIA
Abstract: Groundnut or Peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) is an important oil seed crop in many tropical and warm temperate
regions of the world. It is grown on 26.4 million ha worldwide with a total production of 36.1 million metric tons, and an
average productivity of 1.4 metric tons / ha (FAO, 2004). Major groundnut producers in the world are: China, India,
Nigeria, USA, Indonesia and Sudan. The average yield of Kharip groundnut in India is extremely low, 750 kg/ha,
compared to yields at over 3000kg / ha in the developed countries. In this research paper Forty eight farmers were
selected from rural Tahsil i.e. Kalwan of Nashik District. All farmers are grouped into four classes A, B, C and D. Group
‘A’ and ‘B’ farmers were supplied Rhizobium biofertilizer packets for seed dressing. Farmers were communicated by
seed dressing at homes, at fields 10, supplied pamphlets7, arranging poster show in respective villages. To determine per
hectare yield, pods were harvested and weighed separately. The pod yield of treated plots was compared with untreated
plots. The pod yield data was recorded, tabulated and statistically analyzed. The pod yield increases by 18 to 21 %,
which is stimulatory for Groundnut in Kharif season.
Keywords: Biofertilizer, Rhizobium, Communication Modes, Groundnut.
9
Radial variation in wood properties of plantation grown Terminalia myriocarpa
van Heurck. and Müll. Arg. in Nagaland, India
Sharma C. L., Sharma M. and Jamir L.
Wood Science and Forest Products Laboratory, Dept. of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology,
Nirjuli, AP, INDIA
Abstract: The present study was conducted on five 16 years old trees of Terminalia myriocarpa collected from plantation
located at Ungma village in Mokokchung district of Nagaland. The selected wood properties were fibre length, vessel
length, fibre length increment and wood density. The main objective of the study was to evaluate radial variation in wood
properties for effective utilization. Analysis of variance carried out among trees showed non-significant variation in all
wood properties. Wood density and fibre length increment increased from pith to 40 mm. and afterwards became more
or less constant towards bark. Fibre length increased from pith to 50 mm. and then showed gradual increase towards
bark. Also, a gradual increase in vessel length from pith to bark was observed. The regression model for fibre length,
fibre length increment, vessel length and wood density were Y=397.38+182.41ln(x), Y+ 60.89+165.16 ln(x), Y=
389.76+0.31x and Y=0.295+0.035ln(x). Distance from pith had significant and positive correlation with fibre length,
fibre length increment and wood density while, the relationship between distance from pith and vessel length was too
weak to be significant. On the basis of radial variation in wood properties, the boundary between juvenile/core wood and
mature/outer wood could be marked at 40 mm. from pith for wood density and fibre length increment and at 50 mm. from
pith for fibre length. As the variation in wood properties among trees was non-significant, the present study may help in
effective utilization of plantation timber.
Keywords: Terminalia myriocarpa, wood properties, juvenile wood, mature wood, wood density, distance from pith.
Genetic studies in Maize Inbreds
Avinash Jha, Niharika Shukla and Arun Chavan
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, JNKVV, Jabalpur, MP, INDIA
Abstract: The present investigation was carried outat Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, J.N.K.V.V. Jabalpur,
to estimate the genetic variability among the64 maize inbreds.The variations among the inbreds studied were found to be
highly significant for all 18 quantitative traits.The phenotypic and genotypic variances are influenced by unit of
measurement of different traits. Therefore, these parameters were made unit free by estimating phenotypic coefficient of
variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV). As GCV represents the heritable genetic component of
the total variation, it would be more appropriate to use this parameter for comparing variability of different characters.The
analysis of variance revealed that the mean sum of square due to genotypes were highly significant for all the traits.Out
of 18 traits studied eight traits viz., ear height from ground, 100-grain weight, ear weight, grain yield per plant, biological
yield per plant, harvest index (%), number of prop roots, and lodging (%) showed high magnitude of variability in terms
of PCV and GCV estimates, while moderate amount of genetic variability was observed for four traits viz., plant height,
ear length, number of row per ear and stem girth. On the other hand five characters viz., days to male flower initiation,
days to female flower initiation, and days to 50 per cent tasseling, days to 50 per cent silking, days to maturity recorded
low PCV and GCV estimates.
Keywords: Maize, genetic variability, PCV, GCV
Line x Tester Analysis for Yield and Earliness under Rainfed Condition in Rice
Chavan Arun1, Lal J.P.1 and Niharika Shukla2
1Department
of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU, Varanasi- 221005, INDIA
2Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, JNKVV, Jabalpur-482004, INDIA
Abstract: Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) is first staple food of Indian continent facing water shortage in very large area. In
considering this view present research was conducted at CRRI, Cuttack during off season 2012-13 to assess the rice
hybrids. Twenty-eight hybrids, produced from Line x Tester crossing excluding reciprocals among 11 parents, were
studied along with the parents for combining ability for yield and 13 yield components in respect to drought resistance.
The study revealed importance of both additive and non-additive gene effects in governing yield and most of the yield
components with preponderance of non-additive gene action for most of the yield components. Based on the per se
performance and the gca effects, Birsa Dhan-105 and were identified as superior parents for earliness. Additive gene
10
action was found important for 1000-grain weight, stomatal conductance, panicle length, days to maturity and leaf
rolling. The parent NDR-97 and Barani Deep were found to be a good general combiner. The hybrids NDR-359 X N-22,
PANT DHAN-12 X N-22, NDR-359 X BARANI DEEP, NDR-359 X VANDANA and PANT DHAN-12 X NDR-97
have shown significant favorable sca effect for yield and different yield components.
Keywords: Diallel analysis, combining ability, additive and non-additive gene effects, gca effect, sca effect
Attributes Encouraging Adoption of Organic Farming in Gujarat, India
V.B. Patel1, M.R.Prajapati1 and Dhara Prajapati2
1Dept.
of Agricultural Extension, C.P. College of Agriculture, S.D. Agricultural University, Dist. Banaskantha, Gujarat, INDIA
2College of Basic Science and Humanities, S. D. Agricultural University, Dist: Banaskantha, Gujarat, INDIA
Abstract: During the last decade organic farming has gained international recognition as a viable option to conventional
farming. In many parts of the country farmers practice organic farming by default or in absence of resources. The organic
farming movement is spreading gradually in all most all states of the country. India having variety of geographical and
climatic regions has great potentiality to export various agricultural commodities in world market. In spite of these
growing opportunities in this field there have been little efforts in research front to reorient the research agenda to create
database on various aspects of organic farming. Hence the present investigation was a comprehensive attempt to identify
important characteristics of the farmers, their attitude towards organic farming and to explore the determinants of extent
of adoption among organic farmers. The present study was undertaken in three districts viz., Sabarkantha, Bansakantha
and Mehsana of North Gujarat state. These districts were purposively selected for the study having the more number of
organic farmers. For selection of taluka, villages and respondents, multistage random sampling technique was employed.
All the organic farmers were selected from 24 villages of 10 talukas, consisting a sample of 100 farmers. The results of
the study revealed that organic farmers significantly differ in education, organic farming experience, social participation,
innovation proneness, economic motivation and attitudes towards organic farming. In case of farmer’s attitude towards
organic farming all most all organic farmers had moderately favourable to highly favourable attitude (96.00 per cent)
towards organic farming. The extent of adoption of organic farming practices was found medium among 65.00 per cent
organic farmers. It was also observed that the practices viz., intercropping, crop rotation, weed management, water
management, use of FYM, vermin compost, bio fertilizer and oil cake and use of pheromone trap and cow dung/urine
were found popular among farmers. It is quite clear that the efforts of popularizing such practices are less because there
is no trained extension functionaries hence, it is highly required that government should organize training for extension
functionaries on organic farming so that they can train the farmers accordingly in these aspects. Relationship of extent of
adoption of organic farming practices was observed significant and positive with the attributes viz., education, organic
farming experience, land holding, herd size, annual income, innovativeness, rationality in decision making, risk orientation,
source of information and extension participation. While the variable age of the organic farming had found negative and
significant correlationwith their extent of adoption. The important common constraints reported by the organic farmers
were; lack of assured marketing network (81.00 %), lack of marketing network (65.00%) no price premium in local
market (65.00%) and difficult to meet organic standards (55.00 %) . The important suggestions offered by the organic
farmers were; there is a need to launch organic farming campaign for creating public awareness (73.00 %), Govt. support
is must for promotion of organic farming (66.00 %) and separate market should be notified as reported by more than
sixty per cent of the farmers.
Keywords: Attributes, encouraging, adoption, organic farming.
Enhanced yield and Nutritional quality in Sugarcane Treated with Seaweed
(Kappaphycus alvarezii)
N. Leindah Devi* and S. Mani
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: The experiment was conducted on sugarcane during 2012-13 to study the effects of foliar applications of
different concentrations of seaweed extract prepared from Kappaphycus alvarezii on yield and nutritional quality of
sugarcane. Foliar application of Kappaphycaus alvarezii (2.5% -10% concentration) extract were applied at 30, 75 and
110 days after planting. Application of 10 % Kappaphycus alvarezii (K sap) with 100% RDF was recorded highest yield
by 19.54%. This treatment improved the yield, nutritional quality of the plant. Thus, foliar applications of seaweed
extracts could be a promising option for yield and nutritional quality enhancement of sugarcane.
Keywords: Seaweed extract / sap, Sugarcane, yield, yield attributes.
11
Quantification of Ecosystem Services in Agroforestry – A Review
Chavan Sangram1 and Keerthika.A2, Ram Newaj1, S.K. Dhyani1, Anil Kumar1 and Ankur Jha1
1National
research Centre for Agroforestry (NRCAF), Jhansi, UP, INDIA
College and Research Institute, Mettupalayam, INDIA
2Forest
Abstract: Agroforestry is emerging as an important tool for integrated natural resource management in addressing wide
range of issues like soil degradation, biodiversity conservation and climate change. Apart from profit oriented approach
and technology, it is the need of the hour to focus on ecosystem services in agroforestry. Present and past evidences
indicates that agroforestry as a multifunctional landscape for different environmental services such as provisioning
services (food, fuel, fibre, fresh water and genetic resources), regulating services (climate regulation, water maintenance
and erosion control), cultural services (spiritual enrichment, reflection, recreation and aesthetic values) and supporting
services (production of oxygen and soil formation). Though mentions of ecosystem services are many there is lack in
quantification methods to evaluate these services. This paper mainly focuses of evaluation i.e. criteria, indicators and
tools for quantification of ecosystem services. Evaluation allows the analysis of different ecosystem services and their
interaction with other components of human well being and indicators for such evaluation were initiated globally by
Millennium ecosystem assessment. Further assessment tool and policy implications are must, which also should include
payments, markets and management practices for ecosystem wealth. Against this backdrop, agroforestry serves as a
potential option to develop region based models and management tools in order to quantify services as evaluation can be
initiated from grass root level based on available data and also to derive methodologies for further quantification of
ecosystem services in future.
Keywords: Ecosystem services-Quantification-MEA-Agroforestry.
Dielectric studies of solvent effect of Benzaldehydes
R. Anandhi and P. Krishnamurthi
Department of Physics, Varuvan Vadivelan Institute of Technology, Dharmapuri, Tamilnadu, INDIA
Abstract: The dielectric measurements of benzaldehyde, o-chlorobenzaldehyde , p-chlorobenzaldehyde and mchlorobenzaldehyde with solvents like acetone, carbon tetrachloride , benzene at 301K. The value of dielectric constant,
density and refractive indices has been measured above systems. Make use of these measurements to evaluate dipole
moment for various methods like Polarization method, Huyskens method, Palit method, Modified Palit method, Palit
and Baneerjee method and Gugenheim method. Experimental dipole moment values compared with theoretical dipole
moment or dipole moment in gas phase, The dipole moment of Huyskens method is almost near to the literature value
also prediction method simple. This indicates that Huyskens method is best method for the prediction of dipole moment.
The dipole moment of acetone not match with the literature value this indicate acetone more associative than the other
solvents. Also predict the Kirkwood - Frohlich linear correlation factor (g). The data provide information about solvent
effects. The order of interactions of the solvents are acetone > benzene > carbon tetrachloride with benzaldehydes and
chlorosubstituted benzaldehyde as one of the components.
Keywords: Density, Dielectric constant, Hydrogen bonding, Refractive index, solvent, Solute.
Efficient Regeneration and Hardening of Popular Semi Dwarf Indica Rice
(Oryza sativa. L) ‘Cv IR36’
S. Radhesh Krishnan, A. Mohana Priya and M. Ramesh
Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi-630 004, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: Rice is the staple diet for almost a third of the world’s population. Improvement of the rice varieties with
upper harvests, excellent grain quality and resistance to several stresses can alleviate problems associated with yield. To
meet the ever increasing demand for rice, biotechnological intervention for its improvement using genetic engineering
has become increasingly important. In this report, we have established a highly efficient and reproducible plant regeneration
via somatic embryogenesis from various explants such as mature seed, coleoptile, leaf base, leaf blade and root of IR36
an early maturing, high yielding, insect and disease resistant rice variety (IRRI). The explants were inoculated on Murashige
and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) alone and of 2, 4-D with
combination of Kinetin (Kn) or Benzyladenine (BA). The maximum callus induction was observed on 2,4-D with Kn.
The calli were subcultured and transferred to regeneration medium (MS basal supplemented with various concentrations
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of BA alone and with Naphthalene acetic acid). The highest frequency of regeneration with maximum shoot height was
observed using BAP and NAA. In vitro established plantlets were successfully acclimatized under in vivo conditions
with high frequency. Furthermore, genetic transformation of IR36 is in progress.
Keywords: Efficient Regeneration, hardening, popular semi dwarf, indica rice (Oryza sativa. L), ‘Cv IR36
Mapping QTLS for Physiological Traits in Backcross Inbred Population of Rice
(Oryza Sativa l.) Under Severe Water Deficit Condition
S.Ramchander1, S.Robin2 and M.Raveendran3
1Department
of Plant Breeding and Genetics, AC and RI, Madurai, INDIA
for Plant Breeding and Genetics, TNAU, Coimbatore, INDIA
3Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, CPMBandB, TNAU, Coimbatore, INDIA
2Centre
Abstract: The present investigation mainly focused to study the physiological and molecular characterization of 101
Backcross Inbred Lines (BILs) of rice (BC1F5) for drought resistance derived from the cross combination of Norungan
// TKM 9/ Norungan. The traits like photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were observed
using infrared gas analyzer (IRGA) and the population was phenotyped for other traits. The result obtained from genetic
parameter estimation exhibits that, among the physiological traits observed using IRGA, the trait transpiration rate
recorded higher value of heritability (0.28) and genetic advance (17.49). Association analysis also recorded that, all the
physiological traits studied under severe water deficit condition had high and significant positive correlation with plot
yield. The trait photosynthetic rate had exhibit significant positive correlation with transpiration rate and stomatal
conductance but recorded negative correlation with RWC. Single marker analysis (QTL cartographer) was performed
with the genetic data and the trait mean values observed in stress condition. Among 167 SSR (microsatellite) markers
surveyed, around 15 markers were identified and found to be linked to at least one of the investigated trait and many
markers were reported to be linked with more than one trait. Characterization of Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for
drought resistance in this study provides insight into an understanding of the mode of drought resistance in rice and to
perform MAS (Marker aided selection) aimed at the efficient pyramiding of favorable QTL alleles to improve drought
resistance in rice.
Keywords: Drought, Backcross inbred lines, Infra red gas analyzer, Microsatellites and Quantitative trait loci (QTLs).
Isolation and Identification of Agarwood Fungi
M. Sangareswari
Forest College and Research Institute, Mettupalayam, Tamilnadu, INDIA
Abstract: Studies were carried out in Forest College and Research Institute for isolation and identification of agar wood
fungi. Infected agarwood samples were collected from Dibrugarh, Hojai and Rain Forest Research Institute, Jorhat of
Assam, Sarkkapathi, Aliyar Nagar of Coimbatore District of Tamil Nadu and Kumily, Idukki District of Kerala. Seventeen
fungal cultures were isolated in Potato Dextrose Agar medium by pure culture technique. Based on the cultural characters
fungal isolates were tentatively identified as Aspergillus, Fusarium, Lasiodiploidea, Chaetomium and Penicillium and
these fungi were classified into five different groups. Aspergillus was isolated from Aliyar Nagar and Kerala while
Lasiodiploidea was isolated from all locations. Fusarium was present in Dibrugarh and Rain Forest Research Institute,
Jorghat wood samples. Likewise Chaetomium and Penicillium was found in agarwood samples collected from Aliyar
Nagar. The current study revealed that fungal isolates AR-4(Aspergillus sp) and K-1 (Aspergillus sp) play a significant
role in agarwood formation. In future, these fungal cultures may be used for further studies in artificial agar production.
Keywords: Agarwood fungi- Isolation of fungi– identification of fungi –Potato Dextrose Agar-fungal cultures
Towards Sustainability: A Plan to Minimize External Inputs and Maximize
Outputs
Kittur Nazhat
National Institute of Agribusiness Management, Jaipur, Rajasthan, INDIA
Abstract: Sustainable agriculture is the method of cultivating crops, rearing livestock and other organisms using the
principles of ecology. It establishes a relation between various life forms and the environment surrounding them. A
farmer can maximize his profits by minimizing the cost he incurs from external inputs. He can adopt various enterprises
on the same farm. These units comprise of apiary with sunflower, dairy, fisheries, cereal with legume crop rotation,
13
commercial crop with legume crop rotation, hydroponically cultivated strawberries, kitchen garden, biogas unit, rainwater
harvesting structure, vermicomposting etc. The farm surrounded by forest trees will add to the security. This paper
reveals such a plan where in the owner is satisfied of the food and fibre needs, the environmental quality is enhanced and
natural resources are preserved. This model makes the most efficient use of non-renewable resources and on-farm resources
and integrates them in an efficient and sustainable manner. It also sustains the economic viability of the farmer and his
enterprise.
Keywords: Sustainable agriculture, hydroponics, vermicomposting, rainwater harvesting, apiary, biogas plant.
Effect of Selected Treatments on the Anti Nutritional Factors in Horse Gram
(Macrotylomauniflorum) Flour
Thirukkumar.S1 and Premalatha.M.R2,
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: Horse gram is one of the under exploited grain legumes with great potential in sustainable agriculture. It is a
good source of dietary fibre, protein, calcium and iron. Further the soaking and drying and roasting of horse gram flour
can reduce anti nutritional factors. Horse gram was soaked in sufficient water for 12 hours with periodical change of
water every four hours. It was then dried in hot air oven at 60ºC and then powdered. In another processing method the
horse gram was roasted for 10 minutes on low flame, cooled and powdered. Horse gram contained 10.20mg/g phytate
and 16.12mg/g tannin. It was found that on processing, the phytate and tannin content were reduced. Phytate content
reduced to 1.49 mg/g on roasting and after soaking and drying phytate content 4.38mg/g. Similarly tannins reduced from
16.12mg/g to 8.38mg/g reduction on roasting and to 10.30mg/g diminution on soaking. Theobserved reduction effects
suggestion for possible enhancement in quality and safety with increasing processing horse gram incorporated food
products. Roasting further improved the studied anti-nutritional properties of horse gram flour, hence may be preferred
to soaking and drying for processing horse gram.
Keywords: Horse gram, Soaking and Drying, Roasting, Tannin, Phytate,
Samagra: An Innovative Experimental Model for Agricultural Technology
Commercialization from Kerala
M. Esakkimuthu1, C. Bhaskaran2, C. Lawrence Prabu3 and S. Thirumalai Kannan3
1Department
of Agricultural Extension and Communication, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar,
Uttarakhand, INDIA
2College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University,Vellayani,Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, INDIA
3Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: The ‘Samagra’ project on Banana cultivation is a flagship project with multistakeholer partnerships in
Kerala,India. Launched in 2007 by the Thiruvananthapuram District Panchayat and Kudumbashree Mission(one of the
world’s leading and successful poverty eradication programme), the aim of the project is enhancing banana productivity
through the promotion of innovations in technical backstopping. Decentralised planning and development have taken
rapid strides in Kerala since 1996.Research and Development organisations have lent good technical support to the
Local Self Governments(LSGs) in the ideation, design and implementation of myriad projects. In the agricultural sector
too, many demand-driven initiatives towards technology commercialisation have been observed. For ensuring sustainability
of these projects, an element of innovation has to be inculcated in the technical backstopping lest the projects will
depend always on external sources which may defeat the avowed objective of decentralised development planning. The
Samagra (Comprehensive) Project on banana cultivation implemented at the initiative of the Thiruvananthapuram District
Panchayat (TDP) since 2007 stands out in the matter of innovative processes, procedures and institutions which are
analysed in this paper. The Samagra Project on Banana cultivation is conceived on the Rural Business Hub (RBH) model
of one village-one product. It is a multi-stakeholder participatory effort in agricultural development emphasising on 5
Ps-Public-Private-Panchayat-People Partnerships.The partners in the Project are theTDP,Kudumbashree Mission, The
Agricultural Department, the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU),the State Horticultural Mission, the Nationalised
Banks, and the private partner Prowins Agrisystems Ltd. The total project cost is Rs.42 crores envisaged to cover
2400ha. under banana crop in 45 Grama Panchayat areas during 2007-2010 involving 2500 activity groups of the”
Kudumbashree Mission”. This Project also come out with policy following recommendations are made to ensure effective
implementation of the ‘Samagra’ Project in the future.
Keywords: Innovation, Multistakeholer, Decentralization, Demand-Driven, Technology.
14
Impact of Seed Village Scheme on Adoption Behaviour of Chickpea
(Cicer Aritinum) Growers in Kiranapur Block Dist. in MP, India
Pankaj Bahekar1, J.P. Srivastava1 and Pankaj K. Verma2
1Department
of Agricultural Extension and Communication SHIATS, Allahabad, UP, INDIA
of Genetics and Plant Breeding, SHIATS, Allahabad, UP, INDIA
2Deptartment
Abstract: Chickpea is a major pulse crop of Rabi season in Madhya Pradesh. The declining trend in pulses especially
chickpea is reflected in the fact that daily net per capita availability of Chickpea has gone down because of the low
productivity. Non-availability of quality seeds was the one of the major reasons. In order to fulfill this need Seed Village
Scheme was launched to provide quality seed with technical quidance to its Beneficiaries. To evaluate the impact of the
Chickpea along with the variables related with the level of adoption an investigation was carried out during February
2013 to June 2013 in Balaghat district of Madhya Pradesh covering 120 respondents (60 Beneficiaries and 60 Nonbeneficiaries) selected randomly from purposively selected Kirnapur block of the district. The findings inferred that
most of the respondents in both the group belonged to medium level of socio-economic status. The knowledge and
adoption level of Beneficiaries respondents were found to be greater than those of Non-beneficiaries respondents which
clearly indicated the efficient extension approaches of the scheme. Selected socio-economic characteristics were found
to be positive and significantly correlated with the adoption behavior of Beneficiaries. However, disease and pest resistant
varieties availability, credit facility, arranging regulated market for better prices, were some of the suggestion given by
the respondents for enhancement of the adoption level and productivity as well.
Keywords: knowledge, adoption and seed village scheme.
Expression of codA gene for Choline Oxidase alleviates Salinity induced
Oxidative Stress in Root Nodules of Medicago truncatula
C. Appunu1,2, Vanesa S. Garcia de la Torre1, Teodoro Coba de la Pena1, M. M. Lucas1 and J. J. Pueyo1
1Department
of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Institute of Natural Resources, Centre for Environmental Sciences, CSIC,
Serrano, Madrid, SPAIN
2Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Division of Crop Improvement, Coimbatore, INDIA
Abstract: The ability of legumes to fix atmospheric nitrogen efficiently in root nodules has been exploited with conspicuous
success in agriculture. Symbiotic root nodule nitrogen-fixing activity is highly sensitive to saline conditions. Enhanced
tolerance to high salinity has been observed with transgenic plants expressing choline oxidase (codA) gene, which
accumulates high levels of glycinebetaine (GB). To study the effect on root nodule nitrogen fixation under saline conditions,
codA gene from Arthrobacter globiformis was introduced into the model legume Medicago truncatula through
transformation. Nodule nitrogenase activity was evaluated after 3, 5 and 7 days of saline conditions (100 mM) in transgenic
plants that showed high GB accumulation levels. Transgenic Medicago lines showed significantly higher nitrogen fixation
activities. MDA is a cytotoxic product of membrane lipid peroxidation, and its accumulation is an index of cellular
damage. Transgenic Medicago plants exposed to saline conditions recorded lower levels of MDA formation compared
to the non-transgenic plants, suggesting alleviation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our results showed that lipid
peroxidation is approximately twice as much in control nodules than in codA expressing nodules. These results indicate
that codA transgenic Medicago lines are better adapted to saline conditions due to activation of the antioxidant response.
Keywords: M. trauncatula, codA gene, nitrogen fixation, Saline conditions
Comparative study of Wood Physical and Mechanical properties of Melia dubia
at different Age Gradation
V. Saravanan, K.T. Parthiban, P. Kumar, S.Thiruneraiselvan, S. Umesh Khana and S. Vennila
Dept. of Tree Breeding, Forest College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Mettupalayam,
Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: Study was carried out at Forest College and Research Institute, Mettupalayam, Tamil Nadu, India using
different age gradation viz., three, four and five year of Melia dubia wood samples collected from the plantations raised
at Kollegal, Samraj Nagar District, Karnataka to evaluate the Physical and mechanical properties. Five year-old M.
dubia wood recorded maximum density (500.20 kg m-3) and specific gravity (0.60). Among the three age gradations
studied five year old M. dubia registered maximum value for the parameters like static bending strength, Modulus of
15
Rupture, Modulus of Elasticity, Compression Strength parallel to grain, Compression Strength perpendicular to grain,
hardness, shearing stress parallel to grain, tensile stress parallel and perpendicular to grain, Nail-holding power, screwholding power, brittleness, and cleavage strength parallel to grain. The current study confirmed the suitability of five
year old wood as raw material for plywood, pencil, packing cases, matchwood and light furniture industry.
Keywords: Density; Specific gravity, Static bending strength; MOR; MOE; Compression strength; Stress.
Compatibility of Plant extracts with Entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria
Bassiana and Metarhizium Anisopliae
Renu Pandey, Mona Joshi, Neeta Gaur, R. P. Maurya and A. K. Pandey
Dept. of Entomology, College of Agriculture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar,
Uttarakhand, INDIA
Abstract: Entomopathogenic fungi among other microbial pathogens have great potential for use as microbial pesticides
by virtue of their unique properties and mode of action. Insecticidal properties of plants have been reported earlier.
Increasing awareness about the use of entomopathogenic microorganisms and several plant-based products have been
recommended in IPM programme. A combination of entomopathogenic fungi with plant based insecticides may provide
a more sustainable pest management strategy at reduced cost. It is therefore, necessary to determine the compatibility of
botanicals with entomopathogenic fungi. Therefore in present study the compatibility of aqueous leaf extract of neem,
Datura, Bhang (Cannabis sp.), parthenium, eucalyptus with B. bassiana and M. anisopliae was evaluated in vitro in
Department of Entomology, G.B.P.U.A. andT., Pantnagar during 2012-13. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the
effect of each leaf extract on the vegetative growth and spore viability of fungus. The leaf extracts were incorporated to
the culture medium (PDA +S) and distributed into Petri plates in the three concentrations: 0.15, 1.5 and 15 % (leaf
aqueous extract). On the basis of the result presented for the plant products and toxicity for B. bassiana and M. anisopliae,
the neem leaf extract in the tested concentration was compatible with B. bassiana and M. anisopliae as compared to
other botanical with 31.13 (highest conc.) to 24.21 per cent (lowest conc.) growth inhibition over control in B. bassiana.
Similar results were obtained in case of M. anisopliae, spore viability is more in M. anisopliae as compared to B.
bassiana. Maximum spore viability was also observed in neem. Maximum inhibitory effect was shown by parthenium
and datura. Other plant extract like bhang and eucalyptus are somewhat compatible with some inhibitory effect. Besides
little inhibitory effects of plant derived pesticides over the entomopathogenic fungi as compare to other tested insecticides
and fungicides, these plant products could be used along with entomogenous fungi in bio-intensive pest management
programme.
Keywords: Compatibility, plant extracts, entomopathogenic, fungi, beauveria bassiana, metarhizium anisopliae
+
Evaluating the efficacy of Herboliv on Crop growth and soil properties in
Farmland
A.Selvaraju, R.Revathi, K.Baranidharan, I.Jaisankar, and C.N.Hariprasath
Dept. of Wildlife Biology, Forest College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agriculture University Mettupalayam, TN, INDIA
Abstract: Study was carried out at Sirumugai range, Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu, India. The Herboliv+ (Organic
and herbal product) was tested in agriculture fields (Sugarcane, Banana and Fodder grass) The Herboliv+ was applied by
following various methods viz., Spraying, Drenching and Soil application by different combinations of application were
followed. Besides this the efficacy of Herboliv+ on crop growth, yield and the changes in soil properties (chemical and
biological properties) were observed from the observations recorded. Crop growth and yield of Herboliv+ treated sugarcane
field has shown a maximum plant height (2.04 m) and maximum yield (107.00 t ha-1) in T7 treatment. The banana plant
height and yield was found to be influenced due to Herboliv+ application in different treatments, where T7 treatment
showed the maximum plant height (2.8 m) and bunch yield (20.50 t ha-1). Likely, fodder grass field has a maximum yield
in T7 followed by T5 and minimum yield in T8 treatment. There is no significant changes in soil chemical properties (pH,
EC, N, P and K) was observed in the Herboliv+ treated fields. Impact of soil nutrient status in Herboliv+ treated sugarcane
indicates that the soil pH was found to vary only from 7.23 to 7.25 and electrical conductivity ranges from the 0.16 dSm1 to 0.17 dSm-1. The soil available nitrogen was high in T (251.83 kg ha-1) Similarly, available phosphorus and potassium
7
was maximum in T7 treatment (14.40 kg ha-1 and 291.93 kg ha-1) A similar trend of result was observed in fodder grass
field with reference to soil chemical properties. A significant difference on soil biological properties (Bacteria, Fungi
and Actinomycetes) was observed in the Herboliv+ treated fields. From this study it was observed that microbial population
in Herboliv+ treated agriculture field has shown highest significant difference on soil biological properties in sugarcane
16
with values of 360.7 ×106 gram-1of soil, banana 56.0 ×105 gram-1 of soil, fodder 210.0 ×103 gram-1 of soil respectively
in T7 treatment. The study results help to conclude that different mode of application of Herboliv+ treatment namely
spraying; drenching and soil application has contributed to the crop growth, yield and biological properties (soil) of
agriculture crops and did not have any significant effect on soil chemical properties.
Keywords: Herboliv+, Sugarcane, Banana, Fodder grass, Chemical properties, Biological properties.
Role of Hill Women in Farming Activities
Singh Pratibha and Tewari Poonam
Department of Home Science Extension, College of Home Science, G.B.P.U.A. and T., Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, INDIA
Abstract: Women play a significant role in agriculture the world over. The nature and extent of their involvement differs
with the variations in agro-production systems and with the land-owning status of farm households. Their key role as
food producers and their crucial contribution to household food security varies from region to region and country to
country. In overall farm production, women’s average contribution is estimated at 55% to 66% of the total labour. In
Uttarakhand hills women are the mainstay of agriculture. They play a crucial role in attaining family food security. Hill
women’s knowledge has been the mainstay of crop production, animal husbandry, dairy, forestry and other allied activities.
But despite this as farmers they remain invisible. The biggest constraint to the effective recognition of women’s actual
roles in agriculture is the scarcity of gender-specific data available to technicians, planners and policy-makers. With this
objective present study was conducted to know the role of hill women in farming activities. The study was conducted in
five selected districts of Uttarakhand state. From each district two block, five villages and from each village 30 households
were selected representing various landholding categories. Thus the data was collected from a total of 750 households.
Participatory interview with structured interview schedule was used for eliciting the responses from the respondents.
Findings reveal that hill women play a dominant role in farming activities. Women’s independent contribution was found
to be 52.61 per cent in crop production, 58.21 per cent in post harvest management and 66.47 per cent in homestead
gardening. It was followed by the joint role with male members (28.70%, 24.16% and 19.43% respectively). Regarding
access and control over farm related resources, joint access and control of women and men was observed over majority
of the resources. Since women perform majority of the activities alone, there is need of increasing rural women’s access
and control over land, financial resources and market in order to achieve sustainable economic growth.
Keywords: Hill women, role, responsibility, access, control
Susceptibility of Nursery Stocks of Apple Cultivars against Apple Woolly Aphid,
Eriosoma Lanigerum (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Under Mid
Hill Condition of Uttarakhand, India
R. P. Maurya, A. K. Pandey, Renu Pandey and Mona Joshi
Dept. of Entomology, College of Agriculture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar,
Uttarakhand, INDIA
Abstract: In total temperate fruits production, apple alone accounts more than 50 per cent of the total production, while
the North-Western Himalayan region (JandK, H.P. and Uttarakhand) covers 95 per cent of total area and 85 per cent of
the total production of all temperate fruits. Apple cultivation covers an estimated area of 0.21 million ha with a production
of 1.1 million tonnes of fruit. Wooly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is an insect pest that
cause considerable damage to apple nursery stock and acts as reservoir for further dissemination of aphids from one
region to other (Blackman and Eastop, 2000). Heavy infestations of woolly aphids result in formation of knot in root
portion as well as aerial parts of plant. It also invites entry of the microbes which produce canker disease. Hence, it is
mandatory to utilize insect free planting material from the healthy crop. Emphasis has been given on the chemo-intensive
practices to manage this pest but its negative impact is also well evident. Therefore, there is urgent need to focus and
adopt ecologically viable and environmental safe management strategies. In such situation utilization of resistant cultivars
of apple against aphid is effective method. In view of the above, present investigation was carried out to select the
resistant nursery stocks of apple cultivars against apple woolly aphid, E. lanigerum at Nursery Block of V.C.S.G. College
of Horticulture, Pauri Garhwal during 2011-12. Nursery stocks of fifteen commonly used apple cultivars viz., Red
Delicious, Oregan Spur, Faini, Golden Spur, Golden Delicious, Red Chief, Silver Spur, Bel Spur, Red Gold, Royal
Delicious, Chaubatiya Prince, Star Krimson, Brighten Early, Golden Harnate and Macantose were screened against E.
lanigerum under mid hill condition of Pauri Garhwal during 2010-11 and 2011-12. All the agronomic practices were
adopted to grow healthy nursery stock of apple varieties. The data on aphid populations on each cultivar was recorded on
17
three randomly selected nursery plants at monthly intervals. Estimation of susceptibility was based upon a numeric scale
of 0–4 (Bower, 1987). Non-significant difference was observed between the cultivars in respect of aphid colony/plant
under natural field conditions. During 2010-11, the mean aphid colonies/plant varied from 2.0 to 6.3/plant, whereas, in
subsequent year the observed aphid colonies/plant ranged from 1.0 to 3.7/plant. The results indicated that cultivar Royal
Delicious and Star Krimson were least susceptible cultivars with mean aphid colony 2.0 and 2.67/plant, respectively,
while others were moderately susceptible to E. lanigerum infestation. Very high mean aphid colony was recorded on
Faini (5.0/plant) and Chaubatiya Prince (6.33/plant).
Keywords: Susceptibility, nursery stocks, cultivars, woolly aphid, eriosoma lanigerum (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Under
Mid Hill
Simultaneous separation and quantification of five phytohormones using
HPTLC
Ravi R. Patel and Vasudev R. Thakkar
Lab 302#B BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar- 388120, Gujarat, INDIA
Abstract: New protocol for separation and quantification of five phytohormone simultaneously was designed based
on HPTLC method. Culture filtrate of Pseudomonas bacteria was acidified with 7M HCl and extracted with an equal
volume of ethyl acetate to separate ABA, JA, GA3 and IAA. Kinetin was extracted from the remaining water fraction
of the same extract. Along with different standard hormones, various extracted sample were loaded on silica gel 60
F254 foil using Linomat-5 spray on applicator. Then TLC foils were developed in isopropanol–ammonia–water [10:1:1
(v/v)] as the mobile phase. Quantification of ABA, Kinetin, JA, GA3 and IAA were done by measuring the
absorbance at 260, 275, 295, 265 and 280 nm respectively. HPTLC method was found to be rapid, sensitive and cost
effective, which can be routinely used for simultaneous phytohormone detection in plant or bacterial samples.
Keywords: HPTLC, Phytohormones, Quantification
Induction of Morphological Mutations in Urdbean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper)
by Recombination treatment of Gamma rays and EMS
Usharani, K.S.*1, C.R. Ananda Kumar1 and C. Vanniarajan2
1Centre
2Agricultural
for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
College and Research Institute – Madurai, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: Urdbean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) is one of the important, protein rich food legume crop of India. The
improved cultivar of urdbean namely VBN 4 was treated with single and combination dose/concentration of gamma rays
and ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS). The mutagenic doses studied under field condition for gamma rays were 40kR to
60kR with an interval of 10kR, for EMS 50mM to 70mM with an interval of 10mM and for combination treatments viz.,
40kR+50mM, 40kR+60mM, 40kR+70mM, 50kR+50mM, 50kR+60mM, 50kR+70mM, 60kR+50mM, 60kR+60mM,
60kR+70mM. A number of plant mutants viz., tall, dwarf type, spreading, semi spreading, compact, bushy, twinning
type, leaf mutants, early type, late mutants, pod mutants, seed mutants, sterile type and anthocyanin pigmentation were
obtained in M2 generation by various mutagenic treatments. The viable mutation frequency decreases with increasing
doses of gamma rays. The highest frequency of mutants was recorded in 60mM of EMS treatment followed by 60kR+60mM
of combination treatment.
Keywords: Urdbean, gamma rays, EMS, morphological mutants.
Study of Skewness in Maize Genotypes
Abirami S.1 and C. Vanniarajan2
1Centre
for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, INDIA
2Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, INDIA
Abstract: An investigation was carried out using forty maize genotypes to study the measures of symmetry (skewness).
Out of the 25 characters investigated, nine traits viz., leaf number, number of leaves above the uppermost cob, leaf
length, leaf width, tassel branch, cob length, cob diameter, number of grain rows per cob and carotene content showed
negative skewness values and hence in the frequency distribution curves, they were distributed in the right hand direction.
This indicates the presence of additive gene action for these traits and hence they can be utilized as selection criteria
while selecting the parents for hybridization programmes. The remaining sixteen characters such as days to 50 % tasseling,
18
days to 50 % silking, plant height, ear height, tassel length, number of grains per row, number of grains per cob, hundred
grain weight, grain yield per plant, weight of the cob, shelling percentage, days to physiological maturity, total sugars,
starch, protein content and oil content were skewed positively, indicating the presence of non additive gene action for
these characters. These positively skewed characters can be used as selection indices for selecting the line for development
of composites and synthetics in maize.
Keywords: Maize genotypes, Skewness.
Enhancing Rice Productivity through Integration of Organics and Zinc in
A Zinc Deficient Soil
Muthukumararaja T. and M.V. Sriramachandrasekharan
Department of Soil Science and agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, INDIA
Abstract: Field experiments were conducted in zinc deficient soils belonging to Vertisol (Typic Haplustert) and Entisol
(Typic Ustifluvents) during Rabi season 2011-2012 to study in enhancing rice productivity through integration of organics
and zinc in a zinc deficient soil. The treatment consisted of four zinc levels viz., Zn0 – control (no zinc), Zn1 – 2.5 mg kg1, Zn – 5.0 mg kg-1, Zn – 7.5 mg kg-1 and organic sources viz., OS – no organics (control), OS – FYM @ 12.5 t ha-1,
2
3
0
1
OS2 – Green manure @ 6.5 t ha-1, OS3 – Poultry manure @ 10 t ha-1 and OS4 – Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1. The test crop
was rice var. ADT 36. The results revealed that grain and straw yield was significantly enhanced on addition of graded
dose of zinc, organics or in combination in both soils. The highest grain yield (5600, 5910 kg ha-1) and straw yield (7783,
7893 kg ha-1) was noticed with 5 mg Zn kg-1 in Vertisol and Entisol, respectively. The percent increase in grain and straw
yield was (18.2, 16.7) and (16.3, 14.5) due to 5.0 mg Zn kg-1 over control in Vertisol and Entisol, respectively. Similarly,
addition of poultry manure @ 10 t ha-1 registered the highest grain yield (5747, 6039 kg ha-1) and straw yield (7951,
8084 kg ha-1) in Vertisol and Entisol, respectively and was comparable with vermicompost but superior to rest of organics.
But combined application of 5 mg Zn kg-1 + poultry manure @ 10 t ha-1 registered the highest grain yield (6103, 6344 kg
ha-1) and straw yield (8369, 8459 kg ha-1) in Vertisol and Entisol, respectively. The highest Zn uptake and DTPA-Zn was
noticed on addition of poultry manure along with 7.5 mg Zn kg-1 at all stages of crop growth. Zinc use efficiency of rice
was highest with 2.5 mg Zn kg-1 application and declined with higher levels of Zn. Addition of organics improved zinc
use efficiency over control. But highest ZnUE was noticed with 2.5 mg Zn kg-1 + poultry manure @ 10 t ha-1 and was
comparable with vermicompost.
Keywords: Zinc sulfate, Organics and Rice.
Isolation and Characterization of Rhizobacteria from Forest soils for in vitro
study on Phosphate Solubilization and Crop growth Enhancement in Rice
David Paul Raj R. S, Linda. R. and Rhema Susan Babyson
Dept. of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Karunya Inst. of Tech. and Sci., Karunya University,
Coimbatore, INDIA
Abstract: Root-associated bacteria have a great influence on organic matter decomposition which in turn is reflected in
soil nutrient availability for plant growth. Plant growth promoting bacteria often help increase root surface area to
increase nutrient uptake and in turn enhance plant production. In addition, phosphorous solubilizing bacteria (PSB) are
important for crop plants as they increase phosphorous uptake and play a crucial role as PGPR in the Crop growth
enhancement. In the present study, a total of 53 bacterial isolates were isolated from rhizosphere soils samples of Siruvani
forest, Coimbatore. The phosphate solubilizing and plant growth promoting efficacy the promising bacteria was determined
under in-vitro conditions. 16S rDNA sequencing of the promising phosphate solublizing isolates were performed and
based on the sequence homology studies using BLAST and CLUSTAL W2 analysis the isolates were identified to be
Bacillus thuringiensis, Pseudomonas panipatensis, Sinomonas atrocyanea and Pseudomonas monteilii. This is a first
attempt and report of phosphate solubilizing bacteria from forest soils of Siruvani forest, South India.
Keywords: Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria; Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria; 16S rDNA sequencing.
Bioinoculants for Moisture Stress Management in Chickpea
M. Senthilkumar
Division of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur-208024-Uttar Pradesh, INDIA
Abstract: Rhizobacteria are reported to confer drought tolerance in plants by a process referred as induced systemic
19
tolerance (IST). IAA and cytokinins producing rhizobacteria altered root architecture, which resulted in increased root
surface area and number of root tips. Endophytic bacteria belonging to the Actinobacteria enhanced the plant resistance
to drought, accelerated callose accumulation and cell wall lignifications of sieve cells. Synergistic effects of different
strains of P. polymyxa on IST are also reported. ACC (1-aminocyclo-propane-1-carboxylate) deaminase producing
rhizobacteria conferred IST by reducing stress ethylene level at root system and preventing inhibition of root elongation.
This further leads to enhanced water and nutrient uptake by plant roots, especially from deeper soil layers. A total of 127
ACC deaminase producing bacteria were isolated from root tissues of healthy chickpea plants grown under moisture
stress. Field experiment was carried out to screen ACC deaminase producing bacterial isolates for enhancing root biomass,
nodulation and grain yield. Seven isolated promoted the grain yield both under irrigated as well as rainfed conditions.
Four isolates (Isolate No. 16, 78, 107, and 108) that enhanced seed yield above the range of 35% over un-inoculated
control were selected and considered as potential candidates for the development of bio-inoculants.
Keywords: Bioinoculants, moisture, stress, management, chickpea.
Field evaluation of Post-sown application of different Granular Insecticides
against the white Grub infesting Soybean in Western Himalayan region of
Uttarakhand, India
A. K. Pandey, R. P. Maurya, P. Mall, Renu Pandey and Mona Joshi
Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar,
Udham Singh Nagar – 263 145 (Uttarakhand), INDIA
Abstract: White grub (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), locally known as Kurmula, Pagra, Chinchu in Uttarakhand hills, is a
major destructive pest in western Himalayan region. More than 30 species of whitegrub have been reported from
Uttarakhand hills (Jat et al., 2005) out of which Holotrichia longipennis, Anomala dimidiata, Holotrichia lineatopennis,
Maladera insanabilis, Brahmina spp. make complex problem in different area of Uttarakhand hills where they cause
severe damage to various crops (Mishra, 2003). Whitegrub adults emerge in May-June (Singh et al., 2004) with the onset
of monsoon and thereafter they start feeding on apple, apricot, plum, walnut etc during night while, second and third
instar grubs feed on live roots of cultivated as well as non cultivated crops from August to January. Besides the many
vegetable and cereal crops, whitegrub causes severe damage to soybean which is major crop in prevailing rainfed condition
of hills. In view of above, field trials were conducted to evaluate post-sown application of different granular insecticides
against the whitegrub infesting soybean at COFHA, Ranichauri during kharif season of year 2011-12 and 2012-13. The
granular insecticides like Chlorpyriphos (2.0 kg a.i/ha), Carbofuran 3G (0.75 kg a.i/ha), Clothianidin 50 WDG (0.120 kg
a.i/ha), Thiamethoxam 25 WS (0.08 kg a.i/ha), Fipronil (0.60 kg a.i/ha) and Imidacloprid 70 WG (0.30 kg a.i/ha) were
applied in standing soybean crop during first fortnight of June. Cumulative plant mortality data were recorded after 20,
40 and 60 days intervals and compared with untreated control. The cumulative plant mortality data revealed that all the
insecticidal treatments were significantly superior in protection-wise (5.21-11.86 and 6.85 - 13.86% cumulative plant
mortality) as well as production wise (17.43 – 25.0 and 17.0 – 23.7 qha 1 grain yields) over untreated control (9.25 and
8.00 qha 1) during the two consecutive years. The Clothianidin 50 WDG (Dantotsu) (applied 0.120 kg a.i. ha-1) proved to
be most effective by registering lowest plant mortality (i.e. 5.21 and 6.85%) followed by Imidacloprid 70WG (applied @
0.30 kg a.i ha-1) where the plant mortality was 5.95 and 7.21% during two successive years, respectively. However, both
the treatments were significantly at par with each other in respect of percent infestation and yield. Chlorpyriphos 20 EC
( applied @ 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1) ranked third by recording 9.46 and 10.4 % cumulative plant mortality with 20.41 and 20.44
qha 1 grain yield during 2011 and 2012, respectively, which was statistically lower than Clothianidin (applied @ 0.12 kg
ai-1). Fipronil (applied @ 0.60 kg a.i. per ha) was found to be least effective compared to Carbofuran (applied 0.75 ai ha1). Highest net return i.e. Rs. 60750 and 76,450.00 per ha was obtained from in Clothianidin applied @ 0.12 kg a.i. per
ha followed by Imidacloprid 70 WG (applied @ 0.3 kg a.i. per ha) where the net return was Rs. 55630 and 71,645.00 ha
1 during 2011-12 and 2012-13, respectively. Thus, the study revealed that application of Clothianidin (@ 0.12 kg a.i. ha
1) is very effective followed by Imidacloprid 70 WG (@ 0.3 kg a.i. ha 1) for the management of whitegrub under rainfed
condition of Uttarakhand hills.
Keywords: Field evaluation, post-sown, granular, insecticides, white grub, soybean.
Effect of Nilakkumil, (Gmelina Asiatica) leaf extract on egg Hatchability and
larval Mortality of root knot Nematode, (Meloidogyne Incognita)
Azhagumurugan C.* and M.K. Rajan
Dept. of Zoology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College (Autonomous), Sivakasi–626124, Madurai Kamaraj University, TN, INDIA
Abstract: Studies on the identification and use of local plant materials for the control of nematodes, or integrated
20
control methods are the current areas of research in plant nematology. The present study was undertaken to identify the
new activities from plant origin for their nematicidal action to determine the egg hatchability and larval mortality of root
knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Many plants are known to have nematicidal properties which may be utilized as
organic amendments or biopestcides. Many scientists have carried out the research on plant extracts for the management
of root knot nematodes .The extract of Gmelina asiatica plant leaves at different concentrations (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%)
were tested on root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. The nematicidal activity of G.asiatica leaves, inhibition egg
hatchability and larval mortality were decreased with increase in the dilution of all extracts. Larval mortality was increased
gradually with increased period of exposure was undertaken. They reported a reduction in hatchability and an increase in
nematode mortality. Hence, the present investigations on nematicidal potential of plant species G.asiatica against the
root knot nematodes, M.incognita.
Keywords: Meloidogyne incognita, Gmelina asiatica, Nematicidal potential, Nematicidal activity, Egg hatchability
and larval mortality.
Tweaking Rice Bran to Its Full Potential
Deiva Karthika1 and N. Prabhavathy Devi2
1Bharathiyar
University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, INDIA
Mary’s College, Chennai, INDIA
2Queen
Abstract: Rice bran has been used in food as full-fat rice bran, defatted rice bran, and in the form of rice bran oil (RBO).
Full-fat and defatted rice bran have been used in bakery products, breakfast cereals, wafers, as a protein supplement,
binder ingredients for meats and sausages, and as a beverage base. A pilot study on incorporation of stabilized rice bran
and RBO by replacing shortening in the preparation of cookies was undertaken. RBO was applied at various levels by
gradually replacing normal shortening to improve the quality of cookies in term of shelf life due to natural antioxidants
present in RBO. Cookies were made with differing combinations of flour and bran, by replacing the refined flour with
10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 per cent of the flour component with rice bran. The study shows that the incorporation level of 20
per cent of rice bran and 50 per cent of RBO was highly acceptable. Further studies on storage quality, physical, chemical,
and microbial characteristics, and statistical analysis are scheduled.
Keyword: rice bran, rice bran oil, stabilization, cookies, enzymes.
An investigation into Long-term trend of Rainfall over Coimbatore, India
A.P. Ramaraj, D.Rajalakshmi, B. Arthirani, N. Manikandan and V. Geethalakshmi
Agro Climate Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, TN, INDIA
Abstract: Rainfall plays a major role in the water availability on earth and climate change is expected to have a greater
impact on natural resources worldwide including hydrological cycle. Recent reports published by the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change suggests several expected impacts of global warming that bear the consequences for regional
resources management. Therefore, region specific assessments for regional water resource planning have emerged as a
major area of active research. So, it will be best to ascertain the observed rainfall trend over a region to assess the
observed climate change on rainfall for a longer time period starting from pre industrial era. The analysis of 106 (19072012) years of rainfall over coimbatore revealed an increasing trend of annual rainfall without considerable change in
number of rainydays. Typically Northeast monsoon (NEM) had an increasing trend in rainfall and rainydays whereas the
winter rainfall and rainydays had a decreasing trend. Categorized rainfall events had increasing trend in all the categories
(25 to 50mm, 50 to 75mm, 75 to 100mm and > 100mm) for annual and NEM period. Southwest monsoon had very less
number of events without any considerable trend.
Keywords: Climate change, rainfall, rainy days and trend.
Genetic Variability, Heritability and association Studies in melia Dubia cav.
P. Kumar*, K.T. Parthiban and V. Saravanan
Dept. of Tree Breeding, Forest College & Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Uni., Mettupalayam-641301, TN, INDIA
Abstract: A total of 20 candidate plus trees have been selected in 3 dominant Melia dubia growing areas of Tamil Nadu
at an altitude ranged between 1550 ft and 3329 ft and the trees exhibited variation in height, diameter at breast height
(DBH), basal girth, clear bole height and volume index. Investigations were carried out in 20 Melia dubia genetic
resources under field experiment to elicit information’s on the growth performance, variability and association studies in
biometric attributes during 2008-2011. The biometric observation in the field indicated the wide range of variability’s
21
for three biometric traits studied. Under field conditions, three progenies viz., FCRIMD 11, FCRIMD 14 and FCRIMD
15 proved superior for all the biometric traits investigated and these three progenies can be exploited for future tree
improvement programme. The variability study indicated that volume index registered highest PCV followed by basal
diameter and plant height and GCV was also high in volume index followed by height and basal diameter. The correlations
studies revealed that volume index exhibited significant and positive association with basal diameter and plant height
both at phenotypic and genotypic levels. The Path analysis study indicated that plant height and basal diameter exercised
positive direct effect on volume index. Hence basal diameter and plant height could be effectively used as selection
criteria to increase wood volume in Melia dubia.
Keyword: Melia dubia, variability, heritability, phenotypic and genotypic correlation.
Promoting Organic Farming through training Programme in the Anamalai and
Pollachi Blocks of Coimbatore District, India
Manimozhi K. and Kalai Selvi E.
Dept. of Resource Mgt., Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women,
Coimbatore- 641 043, TN, INDIA
Abstract: Growing awareness about the harmful effects of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the environment and to
the human health has shifted many farmers towards organic farming. The objectives of the study were to study the
existing problems in food crops cultivation, production and storage, evolve a training curriculum to impart education to
farm women on organic methods of pest and disease management and evaluate the impact of training programme in
terms of knowledge gained and attitudes developed. The study was conducted in Anamalai and Pollachi blocks of
Coimbatore District. Three hundred households for household survey and 180 frontline women workers for the training
programme were selected. Totally, 1382 farmers actively participated in the programme. The training programme brought
about a significant improvement (One per cent) in the knowledge level and attitude. This proves the efficacy of the
training programme.
Keywords: Agriculture, training, organic, farming, Pest.
Early generation Selection response in desi-kabuli introgression Breeding of
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Santosh H.B.*, Bharadwaj C., Hegde V.S. and Kumar J.
Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, INDIA
Abstract: Chickpea is a major rabi crop with significant contribution towards pulse economy of India and the world. In
spite of being major chickpea producer, Indian productivity is very low as compared to other major chickpea growing
countries. Hence, there is immense scope and urgent need of productivity enhancement in chickpea to achieve selfsufficiency in pulses. Desi-kabuli introgression breeding is one of the promising strategies advocated for much needed
chickpea productivity enhancement which is yet to be fully exploited. Desi and kabuli are two intra-specific seed types
within the cultivated chickpea, having great contrast for various plant architecture and yield component traits. To study
the early generation selection response for yield improvement, a total of 150 selected F4 families were derived using total
branches per plant, pods per plant, seeds per pods, seed yield per plant and 100-seed weight as independent selection
criteria at F2 population of Pusa362 (desi) × PG0515 (kabuli), and were evaluated along with their parents and F2 bulk
in randomized block design. F2 population generated high variability for all the yield component traits, and high
transgressive segregation for all traits except 100-seed weight. Genotypic coefficient of variability for each character
was low in the F4 progenies emanating from the population after application of selection pressure for that particular
character. Mean of the F4 families relative to the corresponding F2 plants was high, indicating effectiveness of early
generation selection in desi × kabuli cross of chickpea for all characters studied, except branch number per plant.
Significant correlated response for seed yield was also observed in F4 families. Based on different selection parameters,
use of pods per plant, seed yield and 100-seed weight as selection criteria in desi-kabuli introgression breeding for
higher gains is suggested and the desirable transgressive desi and kabuli segregants derived are being forwarded for the
development of high yielding chickpea varieties.
Keywords: Chickpea, desi, kabuli, early generation selection response, introgression breeding.
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Postharvest decay Control and Improvement of Nutritional quality of Cape
gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) Fruit using coatings of Xanthan gum, Guar
gum and their combinations with Olive oil
Pinal B. Vyas, T.V. Ramana Rao* and V.R. Thakkar
BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar – 388120, Gujarat, INDIA
Abstract: The impact of the coating of each of xanthan gum and guar gum alone and in combination with olive oil on the
qualitative properties of Cape gooseberry fruit stored at lower temperature (10 ± 1 ÚC) has been studied at a regular
interval of 5 days. The compositions and concentrations of tested treatments (T) were Xanthan gum 0.5% (T1), Guar
gum 0.5% (T2), Xanthan gum 0.25% + Guar gum 0.25% (T3), Xanthan gum 0.5% + Olive oil 0.2% (T4), Guar gum
0.5% + Olive oil 0.2% (T5), Xanthan gum 0.25% + Guar gum 0.25% + Olive oil 0.2% (T6) and Control (T7). The
biochemical analysis of Cape gooseberry fruit coated with the treatments tried under the current study revealed that they
retain higher amount of ascorbic acid and show delayed ripening as compared to that of the untreated (control) fruits.
Xanthan gum 0.5% (T1) showed lesser physiological loss of weight as compared to that of control and other treatments.
Further, enzymes associated with cell wall softening exhibited lesser activity in the coated Cape gooseberry fruits. The
data regarding texture analysis revealed that all the treated fruit had higher hardness than that of control gooseberry fruit.
On 10th day of storage period, the maximum hardness (5.236 N) was seen in the cape gooseberry fruit treated with
xanthan gum 0.5% (T1), whereas minimum (3.122 N) hardness occurs in untreated (T7) cape gooseberry fruit.
Keywords: Cape gooseberry, Guar gum, Physalis peruviana L., Shelf life, Xanthan gum.
Combined effects of hot Water treatment and Chemical elicitors in improving
post Harvest quality and Shelf life of Jamun fruit (Syzygium cumini L.)
Nilanjana S. Baraiya, T.V. Ramana Rao*, V. R. Thakkar
BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120, Gujarat, INDIA
Abstract: The present work has been under taken to evaluate the combined effects of hot water treatment and chemical
elicitors on postharvest behavior of jamun fruit (var. Paras). The treatments (T) applied to the commercially mature
jamun fruit were: T1-[Hot water treatment (HWT) at 50 °C], T2-[HWT + CaCl2 2%], T3-[HWT + Sodium Benzoate
2mM + CaCl2 2%], T4-[HWT + Cinnamic acid 2mM + CaCl2 2%], T5-[HWT + Sodium benzoate 2mM + Cinnamic acid
2mM], T6-[HWT + Sodium Benzoate 2mM + Cinnamic acid 2mM + CaCl2 2%], T7-[Control]. Both the treated as well
as control fruit were stored at 10±2 °C and their quality features were examined by analyzing physico chemical and
biochemical parameters. During storage, untreated fruit showed rapid weight loss, accelerated softening and ripening,
higher accumulation of sugars and soluble solids. In contrast, fruit subjected to combine treatments of HWT and elicitors
delayed above parameters related to postharvest quality losses, thus led to their extended storability. In the present study,
the sodium benzoate was found to be more effective in preventing the microbial contamination than that of cinnamic acid
or alone HWT. At the end of the storage, jamun fruit treated with both HWT and elicitors maintained good sensory
quality with enhanced shelf life of 16 days whereas the sensory quality of control samples became unacceptable only just
after 8 days.
Keywords: Chemical elicitor, Hot water treatment, Jamun fruit (Syzygium cumini L), Nutritional quality, Shelf life.
Edible coating Emulsions Mediated improvement of Nutritional quality and
Safety of Fresh-cut pineapple (Ananas comosus [L.] Merr.)
Sonu Sharma and T.V. Ramana Rao*
Department of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat – 388 120, INDIA
Abstract: Pineapple, which belongs to the family Bromeliaceae, is an exotic tropical fruit and popular due to its sweetsour taste and high nutrition content, especially vitamin C. Due to its cumbersome consumption nature, its preference is
comparatively lesser than other easily consumable fruits. The market of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables is the fastest
growing segment in the fresh produce industry, attributed to their convenience, attractive and health promoting nature.
However, the mechanical operation enhances the deterioration of fresh-cut produce due to surface browning, texture
softening, loss of nutrients as well as microbial growth. The present study documented the influences of edible coating
based emulsions [sodium alginate 1.16% (w/v), carrageenan 0.5% (w/v) and xanthan gum 0.25% (w/v) as polysaccharides
enriched with olive oil 0.1% (v/v) as lipid component and cinnamic acid 0.1% (w/v) as antimicrobial and antioxidant
agent] on the quality properties of fresh-cut pineapple to improve its storability while keeping at 4°C±1°C and 87 % RH.
23
The nutritionally important antioxidant compounds including ascorbic acid, total phenolic content (TPC), yellow
flavonoids, anthocyanins, carotenoids, and DPPH radical scavenging activity were maintained in treated samples up to
8 to 12 days of storage time as compared to the decreasing trend of these compounds in control set as storage time
increases. The evaluations of the activity of antioxidant enzymes (Polyphenol oxidase PPO, Ascorbate peroxidase APX,
and Phenylalanine ammonia lyase PAL) revealed that activities of APX, PAL and PPO were found significantly higher
in control samples throughout the storage period of 16 days as compared to that of treated samples. Sensory analysis
indicated that coated fresh-cut pineapple have better textural and visual properties than control ones up to 12 days of the
storage period, besides retaining their natural flavour. Therefore, among the presently studied three emulsions, sodium
alginate based ones have proved to be effective in quality maintenance of fresh-cut pineapple and improving its shelf life
up to 12 days of storage time.
Keywords: Ananas comosus, fresh-cut, pineapple, edible coating, emulsion.
Evaluation of Tillage Systems, Crop Residue Incorporation and Supplemental
Drip Irrigation on Soil Biological Properties and Growth of Hybrid Maize
1Department
M. Saravanan1, S. Jeyaraman2 and N. Asokaraja1
of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore–641 003, TN, INDIA
2Institute of Agriculture, Kudumiyanmalai–622 104, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: Field experiments were conducted during two consecutive growing seasons (2011-2012 & 2012-2013) at
Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, Kumulur, Tamil Nadu on the sandy loam soils to study the
effect of different tillage practices, crop residues and supplemental drip irrigation on soil microbial population and
growth of hybrid maize. The experiment was laid out in strip plot design with three replications. The main plot treatments
were conventional tillage, minimum tillage without crop residue, minimum tillage with crop residue @ 5 t ha-1 and
minimum tillage with crop residue @ 10 t ha-1. The sub plot treatments were control, supplemental drip irrigation 4, 6, 8
and 10 times during the cropping period. The results revealed that minimum tillage with application of crop residue @ 10
t ha-1 + supplemental drip irrigation 10 times during the crop period recorded significantly higher soil microbial population
such as bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes and growth parameters like plant height, leaf area index and dry matter production
of hybrid maize.
Keywords: Crop residue, Microbial population, Supplemental irrigation, Tillage.
Seasonal variation in Soil Microbial Biomass in Tropical moist Forest of eastern
Nepal
Tilak Prasad Gautam1 and Tej Narayan Mandal2
Morang A M Campus, Tribhuvan University, Biratnagar, NEPAL
2Post Graduate Campus, Tribhuvan University, Biratnagar, NEPAL
1Mahendra
Abstract: Physico-chemical properties of soil and soil microbial biomass was estimated from 0-15 cm soil depth during
summer, rainy and winter seasons in the tropical moist forest of eastern Nepal. The value of soil microbial biomass
carbon (MB-C) were 676.6 ìg g-¹ dry soil in summer season, 432.7 ìg g-¹ in rainy season and 565.9 ìg g-¹ in winter
season. Similarly, the value of microbial biomass nitrogen (MB-N) were 59.0 ìg g-¹, 43.4 ìg g-¹ and 49.8 ìg g-¹ dry soil
in summer, rainy and winter seasons respectively. ANOVA suggested that the mean values of both MB-C and MB-N at
different seasons are significantly different (P < 0.001). The value of MB-C is reduced by 36%from summer to rainy
while it was reduced by 16% from summer to winter. Moreover, the value of MB-N is reduced by 26.5% in summer to
rainy but it was reduced only by 15.6% from summer to winter. It is evident that the values of microbial biomass were
decreased gradually from summer to winter and winter to rainy. The lowest value of microbial biomass in the rainy
season may be resulted due to high turnover of microbes.
Keywords: Seasonal, variation, Soil, Microbial, Biomass, Tropical, moist, Forest, eastern, Nepal.
Study of Meiotic Chromosomal Aberrations and Chlorophyll mutants induced
by Physical and Chemical mutagens in Soybean (Glycine max L.)
Patil G.P.
Arts Commerce and Science College, Bodwad, Dist. Jalgaon, Maharashtra, INDIA
Abstract: The various meiotic chromosomal aberrations were estimated using Physical (Gamma rays) and Chemical
(EMS) mutagens using two cultivars i.e.PKV-1 and JS-335. The Physical mutagens was more effective than chemical in
24
producing diakinesis with regular bivalents, Trivalent, Univalent, desynapsis of chromosomes, laggards and Clumping
of Chromosomes etc. Chlorina, Xantha, Albina and Alboviridis are the frequently observed chlorophyll mutants in both
the cultivars VIZ. PKV-1 and JS-335. Higher doses of Gamma rays and EMS showed maximum number of Chlorophyll
mutations in both the cultivars. The order of frequency of chlorophyll mutations induced by various mutagens in both the
cultivar can be represented as Xantha > Chlorina > Alboviridis > Albina.
Keywords: Aberrations, Gamma rays, EMS, Mutation.
Effect of Semi-Finished Tannery Sludge compost on yield and yield attributes
of Maize (zea mays)
N.Jeyapandiyan1 and P. Doraisamy2
1Agro
Climate Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
2Department of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: Maize is an important cereal grown all over the world ranked third after wheat and rice. Maize has the largest
yield potential among the cereals and hence it is known as Queen of cereals. Now-a- days a major issue is the sustainable
agricultural systems to maintain and enhance crop productivity through an appropriate application of plant nutrients. A
Study was conducted using maize var. C555 Hybrid (Zea mays) as test crop at Presidency Kids Leather Private Limited,
Kannivakkam, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu to assess the different doses of tannery sludge compost on the yield
attributes and yield of maize. The treatments were allocated to each plot by following random principle. Since, nitrogen
is considered to be a most important nutrient for improving the productivity of the crops. The treatments were fixed
based on the nitrogen requirement of the maize crop. Based on nitrogen content of the Compost which was made from
Semi finished tannery sludge, poultry wastes and coir pith on dry weight basis, the quantity required for the substitution
of recommended doses at 50, 75 and 100 per cent level worked out and applied. Among the different treatments application
of 4.65 ton ha-1 of tannery sludge compost along with inorganic fertilizers (50% organic + 50 % Inorganic) was found to
be superior in yielding of maize over the other treatments. The above finding revealed that inorganic nutrients along with
organic fertilizer would able to sustain the crop productivity for a longer period by meeting the demands of present and
future generation.
Keywords: Tannery sludge, compost, nitrogen, organic, yield attributes and yield.
Fine root Production along an Altitudinal gradient of Tropical Sal
(Shorea robusta gaertn.) Forests, Eastern Nepal
Krishna Prasad Bhattarai and Tej Narayan Mandal
Department of Botany, Mechi M. Campus Bhadrapur and Post Graduate Campus, Biratnagar, NEPAL
Abstract: Fine root production is an important component of soil for resource availability and nutrients cycling in forest
ecosystem. Biomass, production and turnover of fine root across altitudinal gradient of tropical Sal forests, however, are
poorly understood. Present study was carried out in tarai Sal forest, Jalthal of Jhapa district situated at an altitude of 62
msl (26o 28’ and 26o 30’ N and 87o 56’ and 88o 2’ E) and hill Sal forest, Kiteni of Ilam district at an altitude of 850 msl
(26o 25’ and 26o 47’ N and 88o 02’ and 88o 04’ E) of eastern Nepal. Fine root samples of summer, rainy and winter
seasons were collected randomly from 10 cm x 10 cm soil from 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm depths in both Sal forests. Fine
root biomass in tarai Sal forest was 4.85 t ha-1 and hill Sal forest was 5.76 t ha-1 and fine root production were 3.48 t ha
-1 yr-1 and 2.64 t ha-1 yr-1 respectively. Turnover of tarai Sal forest was higher (0.71 t ha -1 yr-1) than hill Sal forest (0.45
t ha -1 yr-1). Fine root biomass was higher in hill Sal forest while fine root production was higher in tarai Sal forest which
may be due to its high turnover rate. Dense superficial fine root mat in sloped hill Sal forest may be for soil binding and
capturing of nutrients present on soil surface.
Keywords: Fine, root, production, altitudinal, gradient, tropical sal.
Studies on the Compost and Industrial Wastes on Yield, Yield Components and
Quality of Sugarcane
D. Venkatakrishnan* and M. Ravichandran
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar – 608002, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: Field experiment was conducted in clay loam soil at Periyanellikollai village at Chidambaram taluk, Cuddalore
district, Tamil Nadu. The soil of Periyanellikollai classified as Typic Haplustert come under Kondal series low in available
25
N, medium in available P and medium in available K. In plant crop experiment, treatments consisted of T1 – Seasoned
Pressmud @ 25 t ha-1, T2 – T1 + Enriched Gypsum @ 1 t ha-1, T3 – T2 + ZnSO4 @ 37.5 kg ha-1, T4 – T1 + Lignite Fly ash
@ 25 t ha-1, T5 – T1 + Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1, T6 – Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 + Enriched Gypsum @ 1 t ha-1, T7 – T6
+ ZnSO4 @ 37.5 kg ha-1, T8 – Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 + Lignite Fly ash @ 25 t ha-1, T9 – Biocompost @ 5 t ha-1, T10T9 + Enriched gypsum @ 1 t ha-1, T11 – T10 + ZnSO4 @ 37.5 kg ha-1, T12 – T9 + Lignite fly ash @ 25 t ha-1, T13 – FYM
@ 10 t ha-1, T-14 – NPK alone (Recommended dose of fertilizer). All the plots received recommended dose of inorganic
fertilizers. The design followed was Randomized Block Design (RBD). The treatments were replicated thrice. The
highest value of individual cane weight is 1.40 kg cane-1, no. of millable cane 127.53 (×1000 ha-1), cane yield is 166.85
t ha-1, Juice quality Brix – 21.3%, Pol per cent – 19.13, Commercial Cane Sugar - 13.33% and sugar yield (22.62 t ha-1)
were recorded in T3 (Seasoned Pressmud @ 25 t ha-1 + Enriched Gypsum @ 1 t ha-1 + ZnSO4 @ 37.5 kg ha-1).
Keywords: Season Pressmud, Enriched Gypsum, Vermicompost, ZnSO4, Lignite Fly ash, Sugarcane.
Olfactory Response of Maruca vitrata to Calling Behaviour of Females and its
Host Plants
Sambathkumar S*1, Durairaj C1, Ganapathy N1 and Mohankumar S2
1Department
of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore- 641 003, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
2Department of Plant Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore- 641 003, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: The legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata is an important insect menace to pulses causing severe yield loss.
Preliminary in vitro studies were carried out to find out the influence of host plant volatiles on the attraction of one, two
and three days old Maruca females on flowers of pigeonpea, greengram, blackgram, cowpea and lablab using a six arm
olfactometer. Similarly, studies on response of different age groups of M. vitrata males to different age groups of females
were also conducted. Each experiment was replicated thrice. Among the response showed by different age groups of
female moths, the significant orientation was recorded only in one day old females and towards flowers of pigeonpea
(42.7%) followed by 21.3 per cent on flowers of lablab and cowpea and clearly showed that one day old females are
having strong orientation towards its preferable host. The mean orientation response of different age groups of male moths
towards females showed the maximum orientation of one day old males (35.3 %) towards two day old female moths. This
might be due to the influence of sex pheromones in two day old females which in turn attracted more number of male moths and
the chance of pheromone release might be very less in one day old females.
Keywords: Legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata, pulses, olfactometer, calling behavior.
Effect of Accelerated ageing on seed Viability and Biochemical components of
the Edible Bamboo Dendrocalamus Brandisii (Munro) Kurz
Lakshmi C.J.*, Seethalakshmi K.K, Chandrasekhara Pillai P.K and Raveendran V.P
Tree Physiology Department, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Pin – 680 653, Thrissur, Kerala, INDIA
Abstract: Dendrocalamus brandisii is a very large evergreen bamboo, which is commonly used for house building, for
making baskets, handicrafts and furniture. Young shoots of D.brandisii are edible. Although, abundant seed production
is observed during gregarious flowering, viability of seeds under natural conditions is very short. In the present study,
accelerated ageing test was carried out to determine the storability of seeds. Seeds were subjected to accelerated ageing
at 42±1°C and 100% relative humidity for 0, 1, 3, 5 and 8 days, in a covered water bath. Germination test and biochemical
analyses were carried out for control and aged seeds. The initial germination percentage of D.brandisii seeds was 59.71%
and after accelerated ageing germination declined to 15.39%. Total soluble proteins, sugars and starch content decreased
during the ageing process. There was a gradual decrease in the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase and peroxidase,
while the activity of á-amylase and â-amylase increased during accelerated ageing. The decrease in the viability of
D.brandisii seeds may be due to the changes in the biochemical content and the activity of enzymes involved in the
degradation of seed reserves.
Keywords: Dendrocalamus brandisii, Accelerated ageing, Seed viability, Edible bamboo, Enzymes.
Vegetative Propagation for different Physiological ages of Embelia Ribes
cuttings in different Seasons
Saumya M.T*, Surendran T and Hrideek T.K
Tree Physiology Department, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala, INDIA
Abstract: Embelia ribes Burm. f. is one of the red listed medicinal plant belongs to the family Myrsinaceae. This
26
threatened medicinal plant valued for its digestive, carminative, anthelmintic and laxative property. Due to over exploitation,
this plant is reported as vulnerable. The main threat of this plant is its unsustainable and indiscriminate harvesting for
commercial purposes. The regeneration from seedling of this plant is very poor. Traditional propagation techniques are
not successful in large scale production of this valuable species. Only accessible way for the conservation of this species
is vegetative propagation through stem cutting. Exogenous application of IBA and NAA has a significant positive effect
on the percentage of rooting. Rooting ability of cuttings was mostly influenced by the type of cutting, retention of leaves
and time of the year in which cuttings were taken. Semi hardwood cuttings with two or three leaves, treated with IBA in
3000mg/l concentration in season I (January – April) appears to be a successful method for vegetative propagation
(100% rooting) for producing sufficient number of propagules of this species. Significant increase in number of new
root, leaves and shoots and length of roots was recorded in stem cuttings treated with 3000mg/l IBA.
Keywords: Embelia ribes, vegetative propagation, physiological age, Season, IBA, NAA
Panchagavya as a Liquid Carrier of plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria and
plant tonic for the growth of Arachis hypogea
P. Maheswari and R. Mala
Department of Biotechnology, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi-626005, Tamilnadu, INDIA
Abstract: Panchagavya is an important source of nutrient for plant and microbes. It is an efficient bio pesticide and
contains microbes that stimulate plant growth and improves soil fertility. Hence in the present work modified panchagavya
was used as a medium for the growth of plant growth promoting bacteria,Pseudomonas. The potential of modified
panchagavya as a carrier for Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and in improving germination and growth
of Arachis hypogea was evaluated. Seed germination was 82% in control and 98% in panchagavya treated plants(test).
Shoot length was 6.4 ± .3 cm in control and 13.5± 5 cm in test. Total microbial population was 4×106 cfu/g of soil in
control and 18×106 cfu/g in test soil on 7th day after sowing.Specific activity of protease and amylase were assessed and
expresses in terms of µmoles of product released /min/mg of protein. Protease activity was 1.37 ×10-1 µmoles of aminoacid
released /min/mg of protein in control and 1.17 in test. Amylase activity was found to be 6.67 ×10-2 µmoles of glucose
released /min/mg of protein in control and 3.50 ×10-1 in test. Chlorophyll concentration was 9.03 ×10-1 mg/g of dried
leaf in control and 1.50 mg/g of dried leaf in test on 7th day. Thus the present study proved that panchagavya can be used
as a liquid carrier and a tonic to boost the growth of Arachis hypogea
Keywords: Panchagavya, germination, Arachis hypogea, protease activity PGPR.
Post harvest conservation of indigenous minor fruits:
Aonla (Emblica officinalis L.) and Jamun (Syzygium cumini L.)
Vimala B.1, Pal R.K.2, Ravi Babu M.3, Patel V.B.4, Sharma R.R.1 and Srivastava M.5
1Div. of PHT, IARI, New Delhi, INDIA
2NRC Pomegranate, Solahpur, Maharashtra, INDIA
3Dept. of Crop Physiology, Angrau, Rajahmundry, INDIA
4Div. of Pomology, BAU, Sabaour, INDIA
5Div. of Pomology, IARI, New Delhi, INDIA
Abstract: India is one of the nations blessed with a rich heritage of large varieties of fruits and vegetables. And the
existing post harvest loss could be considerably reduced by adopting improved packaging and handling. Aonla and
jamun fruits are important powerhouse of nutraceuticals. The information pertaining to the storage and packaging of
these fruits is either scanty or nil. Since, these fruits are seasonal, an investigation has been made to extend their availability
at different cool storage regimes (Ambient, 5, 10 and 15 °C for aonla) and (Ambient, 3, 6 and 9 °C for jamun), with
(LDPE, HDPE, PP) and without (Control) packaging materials. Various biochemical, physiological and microbial
parameters were taken for the study to assess the quality of the fruits in different packaging conditions. The best suitable
packaging material for storage of aonla and jamun fruits is LDPE (50ì) with low oxygen as well as low water vapor and
high carbon dioxide transmission rates. The higher retention of ascorbic acid, phenols, anthocyanins, moisture and
texture, and lower microbial spoilage was found in LDPE. The best packaging material for retail marketing was found to
be LDPE at 15 °C for aonla and at 3 °C for jamun fruits which could be explored for extending the availability of the
fruits by minimising the post harvest losses thus bringing profit to the grower.
Keywords: Post harvest loss, nutraceuticals, retail marketing, aonla and jamun.
27
Yield and Economics of Cabbage as Influenced by Integrated Weed Management
J. Suresh Kumar1, M. Madhavi2 and D. Ramesh1
1BCKV,
West Bengal, INDIA
AP, INDIA
2ANGRAU,
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2010 at Model orchard, College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar,
Hyderabad to find out the effectiveness of integrated weed control on yield and economics of cabbage. The experiment
was laid in RBD with 3 replications and 13 treatments with pre emergence herbicides (PE) pendimethalin, oxyfluorfen,
alachlor and a post emergence herbicide propaquizafop and cultural practices hand weeding, black polythene mulch and
their combinations. The results indicated that the pre-emergence application of oxyfluorfen @ 0.25 kg a.i. ha-1 followed
by soil covering with black polythene mulch recorded highest yield (32 t ha-1), profitability, weed control efficiency
(72.63 per cent) and B:C ratio (2.72), which was at par with treatment Pendimethalin C.S @ 0.7 kg a.i. ha-1 (PE) fallowed
by black polythene mulch.
Keywords: Cabbage, black polythene mulch, herbicide, profitability and RBD.
Studies on Physiological aspects of Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.)
Moench) Cultivars for Suitability in Coastal Climate
Ravi Babu M1, Vimala B2, and Udayabhanu K3
1Dept.
of Crop Physiology, ANGRAU, Rajahmundry, INDIA
2Div. of PHT, IARI, New Delhi, INDIA
3Dept. of Genetics and Plant Breeding, ANGRAU, Bapatla, INDIA
Abstract: Studies on Physiological aspects of fifteen Sweet Sorghum cultivars viz, SSV 84, SSV 74, SEREDO, NTJ2 ,
CSV 574, Ent 64DTN, ICSV 700, ICSV 93046, ICSR 37, ICSV 56, ICRR 108, ICSR 196, ICSV 96117, S 35 and ICSR
93034 were carried out at Agricultural college farm, Bapatla during Maghi season. The experiment was laid in randomised
block design (RBD) with three replications of each treatment. The plant height, intermodal length, basal diameter were
studied at different growth stages where cv. SSV 84, SSV 74, ICSV 700, ICSV 93046, NTJ2 and S 35 showed more
values than other cultivars. Physiological growth parameters like LAI, CGR, RGR, NAR and dry matter production were
higher for SSV 84, SSV 74, NTJ2 and S 35. The cultivars ICSR 37, SEREDO and SSV 74 took less number of days to 50
% flowering and maturity than that taken by other cultivars. Yield and yield components like panicle length, grain weight
per panicle, test weight and total grain yield were significantly higher in ICSR 37, SEREDO, SSV 84, SSV 74, NTJ2 , S
35 and ICSR 93034 than other cultivars. From the results, it is concluded that SSV 84, ICSR 37 and SEREDO can be
grown for grain purpose in costal belt.
Keywords: Sweet Sorghum, Randomized Block Design (RBD), LAI, CGR, RGR, NAR
GIS techniques for Mapping highly Fragmented EcosystemsA case study on the Myristica Swamp forests of Southern Kerala, India
Roby T J1, P Vijayakumaran Nair1 and Joyce Jose*2
1Kerala
Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Kerala, INDIA
Thomas’ College, Thrissur, Kerala, INDIA
2St
Abstract: Myristica swamps are highly fragmented, threatened and endangered freshwater swamp forest ecosystem of
Western Ghats with distribution restricted to flat bottomed valleys with sluggish streams in altitudinal range of 100 – 200
m. In southern Kerala these swamps are present in Kulthupuzha, Anchal forest ranges and Shendurney WLS. The small
size of swamp patches and thick forest canopy challenge the efficacy of usual mapping techniques such as Remote
sensing and GPS survey. So a combination of conventional (compass survey) and latest survey technique (GPS survey)
was used for the mapping. Conversion, plotting of spatial layers, map generation and analysis was done by using customized
and Open Source GIS software’s. We mapped 60 Myristica swamp patches from the study area contributing 149.75
hectare (ha) (0.01348% of Kerala forest). The area of swamps ranges 0.22 to 16 ha. Kulathupuzha Forest Range has 31
swamps (78.73 ha), Shendurney WLS has 16 (37.35ha) and Anchal has 13 (33.67ha) respectively. GIS stimulation
studies reveals that 148.57 km2 areas (1.34% of Kerala forest) in Kerala has potential for Myristica swamps, in which
Thiruvanathapuram and Punalur forest division has maximum area to support Myristica swamps. Exact mapping proved
a decisive tool for conservation and management efforts.
Keywords: Myristica swamp forests, GIS, remote sensing, mapping and prediction
28
Development of Tree Hybrids through Control Pollination:
A Successful case study in developing Corymbia full-sib families
Palanisamy M1, Stanley Raja V2, Selvaraj P1, Venkataramanan K.S1and Nagarajan B1
1Plant
Biotechnology and Cytogenetics Division, Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Coimbatore, INDIA
2Crop Protection Division, Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, INDIA
Abstract: The genus Corymbia belongs to Myrteaceae, a native to Australia that is closely related to Eucalyptus. Corymbia
is an important taxon to wood products related industries. Eucalyptus and Corymbia vary in morphological characteristics
such as leaf length, epidermal hair that are associated with oil glands, operculum shape and fruit size. Inter-specific
hybrids is not that commonly noticed phenomenon in tropical trees under open pollinated conditions. However, the
section Symphomyrtus is known for its naturally occurring putative hybrids. Under control pollination conditions high
rates of success are noted. It has been noted elsewhere C.torelliana x C.citriodora progeny yield pulp compared to the
either parents. Of which the seed parent C. citriodora is hard to multiply vegetatively while C.torelliana is easily to
propagate. The hybrid C.torelliana x C.citriodora is known to exhibit hybrid vigour in terms of volume production and
easy to propagate. Though there are some putative hybrids of the said combination much is to done on controlled
pollination. This paper highlights on an attempt of producing C. torelliana x C. citriodora through control pollination for
the first time in our country. Control pollination was carried out in selected seed parents (Corymbia torelliana) at Vattapara,
Walayar Research Station (10.85’N, 76.85°E) in Kerala. Pollen parents were selected in two locations Panampally
(10.50’N, 76.50°E) and Mukkali (11.05’N, 76.33°E) in Kerala. Pollen was extracted from flowers prior to anthesis and
stored in refrigerator (4°C) until use. Pollen viability was estimated through Acetocarmine staining (1%). C.torelliana
produces bisexual flowers that open throughout day and night and are weakly protandrous. Dehisced anthers abscise
after twelve hours from flower opening and six hours later stigmas ready to receive pollen. Fruit set was recorded after
three days, fruits mature with in a period of sixty days. The complete maturation of capsules is noted by cleaving of the
septum. Seven full-sib hybrid families were developed using a partial di-allel mating design. Fruit setting was 85-97% in
control pollination and 85% in open pollination. In control pollinated capsule from fifteen to twenty three seeds were
noted on the contrary only five seeds were noted in a single open pollinated capsule. Seed germination was carried out
according to standard ISTA seed testing procedures. It was noted that in full-sib families the germination was as high as
85-97%. On the contrary OP seeds showed a low germination rate of 38%. Under nursery conditions germination of
hybrid seeds varied from 20-70% and OP seeds germinated as low as 8%. Currently a full-sib hybrid trial has been
established of which all combinations have shown very good establishment. Compared to Eucalypt genetic resources
Corymbia hybrid resources have been reported for about 5% increase in overall pulp quality, which is highly desirable to
the paper-pulp industries. In future it is expected with standard propagation techniques Corymbia hybrids are like to
improve productivity in the wood based industries.
Keywords: Control pollination, Corymbia, germination, inter-specific hybrid, pollen storage.
Study the Effect of Drip Fertigation on Growth and Yield of Banana
G. Sivalingam and K. Ramachandiran*
Department of Agronomy, Directorate of Crop Management Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, INDIA
Abstract: Field experiment was conducted at Agricultural College and Research Institute Madurai, during 2010-11, to
study the effect of Drip fertigation on growth and yield of Banana. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block
design with four replications with Rasthali as test variety. The treatments consisted of T1- Surface irrigation with soil
application of RDF, T2- Drip fertigation of 100 per cent RDF (100 per cent P as basal, N and K through drip as commercial
fertilizers), T3- Drip fertigation of 100 per cent RDF (50 per cent as commercial fertilizers + 50 per cent through drip as
WSF), T4- Drip fertigation of 100 per cent RDF (25 per cent as commercial fertilizers + 75 per cent through drip as
WSF) and T5- Drip fertigation of 100 per cent RDF through drip as WSF. Drip irrigation was scheduled at 100 per cent
PE once in three days and fertigation was given once in six days as per the fertigation schedule from 15 DAP to 300 DAP.
Surface irrigation was scheduled at 0.8 IW/CPE ratio with 5 cm depth of irrigation with recommended dose of fertilizers.
Drip fertigation of 100 per cent RDF through water soluble fertilizers was found to be better in improving the growth,
yield and quality of banana. It also recorded maximum WUE and water productivity of banana. Whereas the higher B:C
ratio and net return were recorded under drip fertigation of 100 per cent RDF to banana (P as basal, N and K through
drip) through commercial fertilizers.
Key words: Drip fertigation, water soluble and commercial fertilizer, banana.
29
Sorgoleone from Sorghum bicolor as a Potent Bioherbicide
AmaliJesudas P.1, Jayasurya Kingsley S.2 and Ignacimuthu S.3
1Department
of Biotechnology, Sathyabama University, Chennai- 600 119, Tamilnadu, INDIA
of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Chennai- 600 034, INDIA
3Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai- 600 034, INDIA
2Department
Abstract: Sorgoleone is an allelopathic chemical released from the root exudates of the dryland cereal crop, Sorghum
bicolor. It is predominately concentrated in the living root hairs of sorghum. The root hairs of juvenile plants produce
higher content of sorgoleone. Its ability to suppress and inhibit the growth of weeds without affecting the crop species
offers a promising platform to mark its use as a potential bioherbicide. Weeds with broadleaf and grass weeds were
reported to be susceptible to the herbicidal activity of sorgoleone. The pre-emergence and post-emergence applications
of sorgoleone strongly inhibited the growth of different weeds in both greenhouse and field conditions. Sorgoleone is a
hydrophobic molecule that persists in the soil for a longer duration, thereby adding to its sustainable herbicidal activity.
Besides, its allelopathic potential enables its use in crop rotation to protect the soils vulnerable to support the growth of
weeds. The mechanisms of its phytotoxic activity focus on the inhibition of photosynthetic apparatus in lower plants by
interfering with the uptake of solutes and water molecules. Further it is also a potent inhibitor of electron transport in
chloroplastand mitochondria. The effectiveness of the herbicidal activity of sorgoleone is comparable to that of the
synthetic herbicides in commercial use.
Keywords: Allelopathy, bioherbicide, root hairs, Sorghum bicolor, sorgoleone.
Effect of graded doses of Potassium on growth and yield of Maize under
varying Levels of Soil Salinity
M.B.Doddamani*1, B.R. Megha2 , V.B.Kuligod3, S.K.Gali1 and C.M. Nawalagatti2
1Department
of Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, UAS, Dharwad-5, Karnataka, INDIA
of Crop Physiology, College of Agriculture, UAS, Dharwad-5, Karnataka, INDIA
3Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, UAS, Dharwad-5, Karnataka, INDIA
2Department
Abstract: The field experiment was conducted under varying levels soil salinity in Roogi village of Mudholtaluk during
kharif 2013. The experiment comprised of four salinity levels (ECe<2 dSm-1, 2-4 dSm-1, 4-6 dSm-1 and 6-8 dSm-1) and
four potassium levels (75 kg K ha-1, 100 kg K ha-1, 150 kg K ha-1 and 200 kg K ha-1). Plant height, leaf area index,
chlorophyll content in leaves and dry matter accumulation per plant were significantly higher at lower salinity level of <
2 dSm-1 compared to higher salinity ECe 6-8 dSm-1. Significantly highest crop yield was recorded under <2 dSm-1
followed by 2-4 dSm-1 and the lowest crop yield was with 6-8 dSm-1salinity level. Application of increased level of
potassium helped maize to ameliorate the salt effect which was evident with the significant increase in yield.
Keywords: Maize growth and yield, soil salinity, potassium doses.
Influence of Micronutrients and NPK Levels on the Yield and Nutrient Uptake of
Sesame in Coastal Sandy Soils
D.Elayaraja
Dept. of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar- 608 002,
Tamilnadu, INDIA
Abstract: The zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) plays an important role in improving the yield and quality of sesame.
Low availability of these nutrients in coastal sandy soil greatly impairs the yield of sesame. A pot experiment was
conducted to find out the effect of NPK levels and micronutrients viz., Zn and Mn on the yield and nutrients uptake by
sesame in coastal sandy soil. The pot experiment was carried out in the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural
Chemistry, Annamalai University during April – June 2013 using the soil collected at Pichavaram village, Cuddalore
district, Tamilnadu. The experimental soil analysed sandy texture with pH 8.41, EC 1.65 dSm-1, low in organic carbon
(2.3g kg-1), available N and P (134.12 and 9.32 kg ha-1) and medium in available K (153.45 kg ha-1) and deficient in Zn
and Mn.The treatments consisted of different levels of NPK viz., A1- Control, A2-50% NPK, A3-100% NPK, A4-150%
NPK and A5 -200% NPK and different micronutrients viz., B1- Control; B2- ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1; B3- MnSO4 @ 5 kg
ha-1 and B4- ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1+ MnSO4 @ 5 kg ha-1. The experiment was laid out in a Factorial Completely
Randomized Design (FCRD) with three replications, using sesame variety TMV 7 as test crop. The results of the study
30
clearly indicated that application of 200% NPK + ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 + MnSO4 @ 5 kg ha-1(A5B4) recorded the
highest seed and stalk yield of 52.39 and 184.69 g pot-1. However, it was found to be on par with the treatment which
received 150% NPK + ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 + MnSO4 @ 5 kg ha-1 (A4B4) and recorded the seed and stalk yield of 50.89
and 179.54 g pot-1. Application of Zn and Mn along with NPK improved the uptake of micronutrients by sesame in
addition to the yield and oil content.
Keywords: Coastal sandy soil, NPK, zinc, manganese, yield, uptake, sesame.
Distribution, Population status and Conservation of inga Cynometroides (Bedd.)
Bedd.ex baker; A Critically Endangered Tree Species from Kerala part of
Western Ghats, India
Somen C.K*, Rakesh R.R and Roby T.J
Tree Physiology Department, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, INDIA
Abstract: The depletion of potential species particularly of RET’s has been considered as one of the major causes for
the present day biodiversity loss in tropical countries. This paper deals with the Distribution, Population status and
Conservation of Inga cynometroides; a critically endangered tree species of Kerala Parts of Western Ghats. The population
status of I. cynometroideswas documented through extensive field survey and population studies carried out during
2011–2013. The population sites were geographically marked with global positioning system (GPS) and distribution
map prepared using GIS Software. The investigation revealed that the population of I. cynometroidesis extremely small
and species have low dominance and poor ecological success in the study area. A declining population of the species I.
cynometroidesis located from, Kallar in Trivandrum forest division, Kerala. It is the very first report from other than the
type locality after the rediscovery of the species I. cynometroides from the type locality, Rosemala, Sendurney WLS of
Kollam district, Kerala. As the numbers of mature trees are very limited with poor regeneration, all the populations of the
species I. cynometroides in the whole study area should be preserved immediately.
Keywords: Inga cynometroides, population status, distribution, global positioning system (GPS), conservation.
Spatial Variability in Soil Physico-Chemical Properties and Nutrient status in
an Intensively Cultivated village of Veeranam Command area of
Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu, India
V. Arunkumar
Dept. of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-608 002,
Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: Knowledge of spatial variability in soil fertility is important for site specific nutrient management. In the
current study, the spatial variations of soil pH, organic carbon, N, P, K, S, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn were evaluated in Orathur
village (Typic Haplusterts) of Veeranam command area of Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu. Global positioning system
(GPS) guided surface soil sampling (0-15 cm) were done over an area of about 100 hectares in a 100 x 100 m grid. Wide
ranges of variation were noted for different soil physico-chemical properties as well as nutrient status in the study area.
The pH of soils ranged from 6.70 to 8.30, organic carbon (%) varied from 0.49 and 0.88, available nitrogen (kg ha-1)
from 173.60 to 235.20, available phosphorus (kg ha-1) content varied from 4.90 to 17.10, available potassium varied
between 180.00 to 330.0 kg ha-1, while available S content varied from 3.10 to 21.30 ppm. The available Fe and Mn varied
from 3.26 to 20.16 ppm and 0.94 to 8.26 ppm. The variation of soil nutrient contents across the study area was found to
be related to the fertilizer use pattern among farmers. The evaluated physico-chemical and nutrient status data of the area
were used to develop variability maps with the aim of generating site –specific nutrient management strategies.
Keywords: spatial variability, soil fertility, site-specific nutrient management, GPS, GIS
Ecophysiological behaviour of Fast growing trees in response to Elevated
CO2 levels
C.N.Hari Prasath*, A.Balasubramanian, S.Radhakrishnan and M.Tilak
Department of Forest Ecology and Environment, Forest College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural
University, Mettupalayam–641 301, TN, INDIA
Abstract: The increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration shows attention and understanding about the behaviour of fast
31
growing trees to behave as a sink or a source of CO2 in the scenario of recent climate change. To address this phenomenon,
a field experiment was carried out between 2009 – 2013 at Nattarasankottai Village, Sivaganga district in Tamil Nadu to
assess the ecophysiological behaviour of five fast growing trees at different level of CO2 concentrations at juvenile stage.
The performance of the five fast growing trees species viz., Tectona grandis, Gmelina arborea, Dalbergia sissoo, Bambusa
vulgaris var. vulgaris and Swietenia macrophylla were examined at different levels of CO2 (550 ppm, 700 ppm, 850 ppm
and 1000 ppm) concentrations to determine the variation in the ecophysiological behaviour of trees in terms of
photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular cellular carbon dioxide concentration
(CINT). The outcome of the result observed that Dalbergia sissoo recorded the highest ecophysiological activities at
different levels of CO2 concentrations ranging from 550 ppm to 1000 ppm. Similarly, Tectona grandis and Gmelina
arborea also exhibited highest ecophysiological activities from 550 ppm to 1000 ppm. All the tree species except,
Bambusa vulgaris var. vulgaris shown positive response towards the elevated levels of CO2 upto 1000 ppm. Although
there were increases in ecophysiological behaviour of Bambusa vulgaris var. vulgaris in the initial elevated CO2 level
upto 700 ppm, after that declining trend in all ecophysiological activities were observed when the CO2 concentration was
increased beyond 850 ppm. This response towards the elevated CO2 levels clearly revealed that C3 mechanism acts
positively in trees towards the increasing CO2 condition, where as C4 mechanism in trees could not respond positively to
the elevated CO2 levels.
Keywords: Elevated CO2, Ecophysiological, Fast growing trees, Dalbergia sissoo.
Maximising Red gram yield through Integrated Agronomic Management
Practices under Alkali Soil
K.Venkata lakshmi
Assistant Professor (Agronomy), Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Vridhachalam-606001, INDIA
Abstract: The experiment was conducted Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Thiruchirapalli
on red gram with the objective of to study the effect of various management techniques on red gram yield under alkali
soil. The treatments included in this experiment are Daincha as green manure incorporated at 45 DAS @6.25 t/ha, 125 %
Recommended dose of N, Daincha + 125 % N, sub soiling at 45 cm depth. TNAU micro nutrient mixture @ 12.5 Kg/ha,
125 % N + sub soiling + TNAU micronutrient mixture and 125 % N + Sub soiling + TNAU micronutrient mixture +
Daincha were compared with control. The results revealed that that 125 % Recommended dose of N + Sub soiling +
TNAU micronutrient mixture @ 12.5 kg/ha + Daincha recorded higher biometric characters, yield attributes (no. of
pods/plant, no. of seeds/pod, test weight) and yield (456 kg/ha) with higher soil organic carbon content and available N.
The B: C ratio (1.63) was also recorded higher under the same treatment.
Key words: Red gram, alkali soils, green manure, micronutrient and sub soiling.
Farm Mechanization – A Challenge for Stake Holders
C.Hruday Ranjan, P.V.Satya Gopal, V.Sailaja and S.V.Prasad
Dept. of Agricultural Extension, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati-517502, AP, INDIA
Abstract: Groundnut is an important oil seed crop in India cultivated in an area of 6.7 million hectares with a production
of 7.0 million tonnes annually. Adoption of traditional methods of field operations require huge number of labour and
more time, ultimately led to increase in cost of cultivation. To overcome this problem and to perform the field operations
at right time, farmers have to go for farm mechanization. The ultimate goal is to bring out seed to seed farm mechanization
so as to enable groundnut cultivation more lucrative. Several efforts have been made to introduce different farm machinery
for various cultural operations in groundnut. But the adoption of the technologies is becoming questionable due to
several reasons viz., lack of financial support, lack of practicability, poor convincing capacity of the implement, non
availability of the implements, soil conditions, coupled with research and extension gaps. Keeping in view, the profile
characteristics, awareness, level of knowledge and extent of adoption of different farm machinery by the groundnut
farmers, a suitable strategy was developed for improving the use of farm machinery in groundnut cultivation. The strategy
encompasses the integrated role of researchers, extension functionaries, policy makers and also farmers marching towards
innovation and promotion of effective farm machinery in groundnut cultivation.
Key words: Groundnut; farm mechanization; extension functionaries; policy makers;
32
Mitigation of Constraints in Rice Production - Need of the Hour
N. Srihari Narayana, V. Sailaja, P.V. Satya Gopal and S.V. Prasad
Dept. of Agricultural Extension, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati-517502, AP, INDIA
Abstract: Rice is life for most people living in Asia. It has shaped the cultures, diets and economies of millions of
people. In India Rice is the staple food of nearly 65 per cent of the total population. It contributes 55 per cent of total
cereal production. Any decline in its hectarage and production will have a perceivable impact on the nation’s economy
and food security. Statistics on area and production of rice clearly revealed the existence of wide fluctuations in both
aspects of area and production based on the availability of water resources. In the context of food security, such wide
fluctuations in area and production are not desirable to meet the future rice requirements of the increasing population.
The possible reason for such variations was due to numerous constraints faced by the rice farmers. After having thoroughly
study the various constraints faced by the rice farmers viz., Socio-economic; Bio-physical; Technological; and Institutional
constraints, a suitable strategy was evolved addressing the various constraints which would be helpful for the policy
makers, researchers, extension functionaries to plan and modify the extension programmes so as to mitigate these constraints
faced by the rice farmers and thereby to augment rice production.
Keywords: Mitigation, constraints, rice, production, need, hour.
Line X Tester Analysis in Quality Protein Maize
Anusheela.V, Muthiah.A.R. and John Joel.A
CPBG, TNAU, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, INDIA
Abstract: Maize (Zea mays L.; 2n=20) occupies a prominent position in global agriculture and is grown for both feed
and fodder purpose. With its high content of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, some of the important vitamins and minerals,
maize acquired a well deserved reputation as a “poor man’s nutricereal”. Lysine (1.2 per cent of protein) and tryptophan
(0.4 per cent) are limiting amino acids in maize. This is due to the fact that major storage protein is a prolamine fraction
zein, which forms up to 50-60 per cent of the storage protein. Zein consists of a group of hydrophobic proteins, completely
devoid of lysine and tryptophan (Inglett, 1970). Hence genetic manipulation for improved nutritional value, particularly,
protein quality was considered as a noble goal. This effort was stimulated by the 1963 discovery that a little known
mutant maize contained proteins that are nearly twice as nutritious as those found in normal maize called “opaque 2
maize”, its protein had a nutritive value about 90 per cent of that of proteins found in skim milk. The discovery of this
mutant and subsequently its modifier were considered remarkable and lead to the concept of “Breeding for Quality
Protein Maize (QPM)” (Vassal, 1999). Through several cycles of recurrent selection, the maize breeders in International
Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) have combined the high-lysine potential of the opaque 2 gene with
a sufficient number of modifier genes to change the original soft opaque 2 endosperm into a hard vitreous type (Vasal et
al.,1980). Quality protein maize (QPM) has smaller, denser, harder kernels than food grade maize. The lysine levels in
normal and QPM maize average 2.0 per cent and 4.0 per cent of total protein respectively, but range across genetic
backgrounds from 1.6 - 2.6 per cent in normal maize and 2.7 - 4.5 per cent in their o2 converted counterparts (Moro et
al., 1996) The lysine content of QPM in whole grain is about 0.33 per cent to 0.54 per cent, with the average 0.38 per
cent, and is 46 per cent higher than normal maize. The tryptophan content is 0.08 per cent, 66 per cent higher than normal
maize. (Ortega et al., 1986; Sproule et al., 1988; Osei et al., 1999). An understanding of the genetic architecture of
parents and their mode of inheritance will greatly assist the breeder to formulate appropriate breeding methodologies to
incorporate the traits in question into an otherwise desirable variety. Various biometrical approaches are available to
asses the breeding value of the traits under transfer. Line X tester analysis is one of those employed by which the genetic
architecture of given character, the combining ability and heterosis could be understood.
Keywords: Line X, tester, analysis, quality, protein, maize.
Study on Carbon Utilization of Pink Pigmented Facultative Methylotrophs
(PPFM) in Crop Plants of Sodic Soil
R. Poonguzhali, K.G. Anitha, M.P. Munny, C. Muthuraj, R. Nandhini and R. Paramesvari
Dept. of Plant Genetic Resources, TNAU – Coimbatore City, INDIA
Abstract: Pink pigmented faculatative methylotrophs in the genus methylobacterium is a physiologically interesting
group of bacteria who preferentially utilize substrate lacking carbon-carbon bonds as source of energy and carbon which
is catalyzed by enzyme methanol dehydrogenase. These organisms have been recognized as common environmental
33
isolates from such habitats as leaf surfaces, soil water, grasses and sewage. Most of the methylo bacterium strains
isolated from these environments are highly resistant to chlorine. As epiphytic methylotropic bacteria produce and secrete
growth promoting hormones such as Auxins and cytokinins. These methanol consuming microbes have been described
as photosymbiots of lower plants such as live worts and mosses Certain isolates are known to produce Auxins,cytokinins
and vitamins B12. Role of this in seed germination physiology have also been described bacteria of the genus methyl
bacterium were, furthermore, found to nodulate legumes of the genus crotalaria indicating strong plant bacteria interactions.
The present investigation was carried out in 2012 at ADAC&RI, Trichy. The carbon source testing was done in 9 carbon
sources (Glucose, Manitol, Ethanol, Cellulose, Malic acid, Sucrose, Ethyl acetate, Hexane and Lactose) with different
concentration of 10 -1, 10 -2, 10 -3 and 10 -4 in that Glucose, Manitol, Lactose and Cellulose performs good growth. Ethyl
acetate shows growth only in 10 -1, 10 -2 and 10 -3 and in 10 -4 it didn’t shows the result. The performance of the other
carbon source was little lesser. Glucose, Manitol, Lactose and Cellulose are increasing the PPFM’s. It is probably the
descendents of seed borne bacteria rather than bacteria from air, soil or water on derived from other plants.
Keywords: Study, carbon, utilization, pink, pigmented, facultative, methylotrophs, crop plants, sodic soil.
Screening of Yellow Stem Borer, Leaf Folder and Green Leaf Hopper in Rice
P. Precilla1, N. Praga1, T. Preethi Priyadharshini1, B.R. Priya1, S. Prakash1and S. Pasupathy2
1Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Thiruchirappalli, TN, INDIA
2Department of Entomology, ADAC & RI, Trichy, TN, INDIA
Abstract: Rice is one of the major important staple food for increasing the world population. Insect’s pests and diseases
cause considerable damage to potential agricultural production. Annual crop losses due to insect pests and diseases in
India are estimated to be 18% of agriculture output. Evidence indicated that pest cause 25% losses in rice. The major rice
pest are stem borer, leaf folder, gall midge, whorl maggot, green leaf hopper, white backed brown plant hopper, brown
plant hopper and thrips. Surveillance of rice pest and diseases are very essential for monitoring and management of pest.
This work was carried out 2012 at ADAC&RI, Trichy for the seasonal occurrence of rice pest viz., YSB, LF and GLH.
The surveillance was undertaken through fixed plot survey, Roving survey and the weather parameters were recorded to
study their influence on the pest. The observations recorded from the fixed plot survey and Roving survey. The incidence
of leaf folder and green leaf folder was observed highest (0.66 and 0.49) during vegetative stage. The incidence of
yellow stem borer is maximum (0.96) at panicle initiation stage. The incidence of white ear was more at this stage. So the
control measure should be taken for reducing the economic yield loss.
Keywords: Screening, yellow stem borer, leaf folder, green leaf, hopper, rice.
Identification of chlorophyll mutants in cowpea CO 2 variety
R. Dhinesh Kumar1, P. Gomathinayagam2 and S. Jebaraj3
1SRF,
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, INDIA
Research Station, Ambasamudram, Tirunrlvrli, Tamilnadu, INDIA
3Dept. of PBG, Agri. Coll. & Research Institute Madurai-625104, Tamilnadu, INDIA
2Rice
Abstract: The cowpea is the third most important pulse crop and makes up for 58 per cent of the World pulse production.
In India cowpea is grown since ancient times and forms one of the components of the Navadhanya, usually used during
auspicious ceremonies by the Hindus. This crop is grown in kharif and summer seasons in North India and throughout
the year in South India. Cowpea is called as vegetable meat due to its high amount of protein in grains with better
biological value on dry weight basis. It is a fast growing, highly palatable and nutritious grain, vegetable (leaves and
immature pods) and fodder for livestock. In India the per capita availability of pulses had decreased from 69 g during
sixties to 35 g, as against the FAO / WHO’s current recommendation of 80 grams per day. Pulses constitute an important
role in human dietary. Though pulses contributed significant role in human consumptions they have not yet reached a
comfortable level of production. Being a self pollinated crop, the extent of genetic variability present in this crop is
relatively low and thereby offers limited scope for selection either directly or after hybridization. Hence, an attempt has
been made to generate new variability for which mutation breeding can be used as a valuable substitute. Study on
induced mutagenesis was performed by exposing dry seeds of cowpea CO 2 variety to gamma irradiation at 100, 200,
300, 400 and 500 Gy. In the present investigation five types of chlorophyll mutatants viz., albino, xantha, chlorina, striata
and xanthaviridis were observed in M2 generation. Albino is occurred more in 400Gy followed by 500 Gy and 300 Gy
doses. Xantha is more in 200 Gy compared to other treatmendal doses. Chlorina was more in 300 Gy. In 100 Gy treatment
the chlorophyll mutants, striata and xanthaviridis was observed more. Among the chlorophyll mutants, the occurrence of
greater number of chlorophyll mutant in 400 Gy dose level. Inducing chlorophyll mutants in CO 2 cowpea variety, the
treatmental dose 400 Gy produced more than the other doses.
Keywords: Identification, chlorophyll, mutants, cowpea, CO 2 variety.
34
Recent Developments in Crop Weather Modeling and their Utility for Climate
Change Impact Studies
K. Shoban Chakravarthy
Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, TN, INDIA
Abstract: Crop weather modeling is the dynamic simulation of crop growth by numerical integration of constituent
processes with the aid of computers. In essence, they are computer programs that mathematically simulate the growth of
a crop in relation to its environment.These models cater to the needs of research in the field of crop genotype improvement,
crop management, cropping and farming system and global level implications like climate change. As decision-support
system, it can be utilized for operational decisions like fertilizer or pest management and strategic decisions like landuse planning and crop yield forecasting for policy making. Models can also be used as tool in education and training for
using the existing models and in building the new models. The predicted results are used in the decision making for the
future agriculture in the changing climate scenario. The different models and their utility with the climate change study
will really useful to the agricultural scientists, policy makers, etc.The impact of climate change on agriculture will be
reducing the soil fertility nature, increase in seawater level, the increased CO2, temperature, etc. Researchers found that
the precipitation may be a slight reduction in rainfall in south western zone in post monsoon season while there may be
increase 10-15% in the remaining zones in south west monsoon season.
Keywords: Climate change, crop weather modeling, recent developments, impacts.
Heritability and Genetic Advance for yield Contributing Characters in Rice
under Aerobic Condition
D. Malathi and S. Suresh
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, INDIA
Abstract: Rice is life and princess among the cereals. More than half of the world’s population depends on rice for
calories and protein, especially in developing countries. Aerobic rice is a production system in which rice are grown in
well drained, non puddle and non saturated soil without percolated water. A non saturated soil is also called as ‘aerobic
soil’. The distinguishing future of aerobic production system is that crops are direct seeded in free draining; non puddle
soils where no standing water layer is maintained in the field and roots grow mainly in aerobic environment. But maintaining
production, while reducing water use by rice, is a complex trait. Since aerobic rice is targeted at water-short areas, socioeconomic comparisons must include water-short lowland rice and other upland crops. The development of high-yielding
aerobic rice is still in its infancy and germplasm still needs to be improved and appropriate management technologies
developed. Genetic variation is the most important factor in improving any character in plant breeding programme.
Heritability with genetic advance are more helpful in predicting the gain under effective selection. The estimates of
heritability, coefficients of variability and genetic advance computed for 13 characters including drought and yield
contributing traits. The characters namely; plant height, productive tillers per plant, panicle length, grains per panicle,
spikelet fertility, hundred grain weight, root length, root dry weight, chlorophyll stability index, relative water content
and single plant yield recorded high heritability accompanied with high genetic advance.
Keywords: Heritability, genetic, advance, contributing, characters, rice, aerobic, condition.
Enzymatic Isolation of the Components of female germ units of Hevea
brasiliensis towards the Development of Haploids
Divya U.K, Rekha.K, Sobha.S and Sushamakumari. S
Biotechnology Division, Rubber Research Institute of India, Kottayam 686 009, Kerala, INDIA
Abstract: Hevea brasiliensis, the sole commercial source of natural rubber, is a perennial tree crop with a long breeding
cycle which makes genetic improvement through conventional breeding much time consuming and laborious. Female
gametophytic studies can be used as an alternative in vitro approach towards crop improvement of Hevea. Female Germ
Units (FGU) can be isolated and the egg cells can be cultured in-vitro for the development of haploids which may be
used in further breeding programmes, gene mapping etc. Also the components of FGU, which are all haploid in nature
except the central cell, can be utilized for breeding through in-vitro fertilization and gametosomatic hybridisation. The
present study was undertaken to standardise an efficient method for the isolation of FGU from female flowers of Hevea
brasiliensis. Ovules isolated from mature flowers one day before anthesis were exposed to different combinations and
35
concentrations of the enzymes cellulase, pectolyase, macerozyme and rhozyme for different time intervals (2-20hrs). An
enzyme solution containing 0.6% Cellulase (Onozuka R-10), 0.4% Macerozyme (R-10), 0.6 M mannitol, 5 mM MES,
1g-l potassium sulphate and 1g-l dextrose was found to be the most effective one for the release of FGUs. Egg cell release
initiated from the micropylar end of the ovule within 6 hrs of enzymatic digestion, followed by the release of antipodals
from the chalazal end. Maximum release of FGU components viz. egg cell, central cell and synergids was observed by
about 16 hrs of digestion. All the released cells were collected together by centrifuging at 100 rpm for 2 min and cultured
in different media for further development.
Keywords: Hevea brasiliensis, Female germ units, Egg cell, Haploids, Cellulase.
Designing Comprehensive Seed Management Techniques for Enhancing
Productivity of Greengram
M. Ananthi1, G. Sasthri2 and P. Srimathi3
1Department
2Department
of Seed Science and Technology, Coimbatore, TN, INDIA
of Seed Science and Technology, Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar, Tamilnadu, INDIA
3Seed centre, TNAU, CBE-3, Coimbatore, TN, INDIA
Abstract: Grain legumes or the pulses are important protein source for human beings. Nutritionally pulses are richer in
protein than the cereal grains. Indian production of pulses is around 14.60 million tonnes from an area of 23.16 million
hectares. Among the pulses, in India greengram occupies an area of 3.80 million hectares with an annual production of 1.1
million tonnes. The success of seed production pronounced through increased productivity of quality seed depends on an
array of seed and crop management techniques and warrants a comprehensive package for improved productivity of
seeds. In pulses, this package fetches much importance as lower productivity is a major problem. Hence a study was
conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Tamil nadu Agricultural University, Bhavanisagar with different package of
practices. In this study, the hardened seed and designer seed (comprehensive seed management technique) were evaluated
with different crop management practices viz., NPK micronutrient and foliar nutrition in different combinations and
were evaluated for productivity during Rabi and summer seasons (2010-2011). The results revealed that seed sown after
seed treatment with intergrated seed management technique (Hardening with Magnesium sulphate 100 ppm +Polymer
3ml/kg + Carbendazim 2g/kg + Imidacloprid 1ml/kg) followed with application of Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium
@25:50:25 kg/ha along with basal application of micronutrient mixture @20 kg ha-1 that supplemented with foliar spray
of 0.01 per cent Brassinolide on 35th and 45th days after sowing increased the yield by 19 per cent and 14 per cent
respectively during Rabi and Summer compared to the existing recommendation of sowing hardened seed (100 ppm
Magnesium sulphate) and application of Nitrogen, Phosphorous ,Potassium @25:50:0 kg ha -1 followed with nutrient
spray (Urea 10 kg, DAP 2.6 kg, MOP 1.75 kg, Potassium Sulphate 1.4 kg, Succinic Acid 40 g, Teepol 120 ml ( per ha)
on 35th and 45th DAS )
Keywords: Designing, comprehensive, seed, management, techniques, enhancing, productivity, greengram.
ISCA-ISC-2013-1AFS-90.
Evaluation of Actinomycetes Isolated from VAM fungi for the Biological control
of Fusarium wilt of Banana
S. Poovarasan, T R Usharani, Paneerselvam and Sukhada Mohandas
Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta lake post, Bangalore 89, INDIA
Abstract: The low volume banana export has been documented every year because of its serious disease fusarium wilt
caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp cubense (Foc). The lack of control measures for the wilt leads to complete destruction
of plantain and more over the spread of fungal spores into the soil will affect further banana cultivation as well as other
crops. Among the existing control methods, the application of antagonistic microbes like bacteria and fungi are reliable.
The current experiment was conducted to test the efficacy of five different isolates of actinomycetes especially Streptomyces
sp isolated from the VAM fungi as biocontrol agent to control the Fusarium oxysporum f.sp cubense in banana plants.
All five isolates were screened individually for their antagonistic potential in pots in green house by inoculation of the
potting mixture with respective actinomycete culture along with FOC two weeks before planting. A 45"76% reduction in
Fusarium wilt incidence was observed at 29 DAS over the FOC-inoculated control. In the FOC-inoculated control,
100% disease incidence was observed within 20 DAS itself. Reduction of wilt incidence was found the maximum in
Streptomyces cinnamonesis (76%) followed by Streptomyces avermittilis (72%). The dissection of the rhizome part of
the control plants showed severe block in xylem and phloem as a result of Foc colonization. The fungal colonization on
the infected plants was checked in- vitro on the PDA agar plats, the control plant parts showed higher CFU ~50 colonies
per plate and the S. cinnamonensis inoculated plant showed 3 colonies per plate. Thus S. cinnamonensis is likely to be a
potential candidate for biocontrol of Foc in disease prone plots.
Keywords: Evaluation, actinomycetes, isolated, biological, control, fusarium, banana.
36
Biology of Predator Chrysoperla Carnea on the apple woolly aphid, Eriosoma
Lanigerum under mid hills of Uttarakhand, India
Ravi Prakash Maurya, A.K. Karnatak and Pramod Mall
Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263145,
Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand, India
Abstract: The green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) is major among the various
predacious insects. The adults are generally free living and feed on honeydew and pollen grains. The larvae are predaceous,
feeding on the eggs and neonate lepidopterous larvae, nymphs and adults of whiteflies, aphids, thrips, scale insects,
mealy bugs, mites etc. and are active throughout the year in India (Anonymous, 1992). Inundative release of C. carnea
has been found effective in managing various pests of field crops viz., sunflower, groundnut, tobacco, cotton and
horticultural crops (Ridgway and Murphy, 1984; Singh and Jalali, 1991). In apple orchards of mid hill of Uttarakhand,
two activity periods of this predator were observed in a year (Maurya, 2011). This predator was found feeding on woolly
aphids before and after rainy seasons on apple with population dynamics of 1 to 3 predators/tree. Hence, there is great
possibility to utilize this predator for the management of E. lanigerum through inundative releases in the apple orchard
ecosystem. Keeping this point in view present investigation was carried out to study the biology of Chrysoperla carnea
on E. lanigerum at V.C.S.G. College of Horticulture, Bharsar, Pauri Garhwal during 2010-11. Adults and grubs of C.
carnea were collected from the apple orchards. The collected adults were reared on 5% sucrose solution in wooden
rearing chamber, whereas, woolly aphids were provided to the grubs for rearing. The development of predator was
studied at room temperature and the data were compared with the control which was kept in a B.O.D. at 250C and 65%
RH. Due to cannibalism nature, single newly emerged grub was placed per trough with woolly aphids. After cocoon
formation, these were transferred to the wooden chamber for the adult emergence and egg laying. The data on incubation
period, percent egg hatching, larval period, pupal period and adult emergence were recorded. There were 75% egg
hatching of C. carnea at room temperature as compare to the 90% at 250C. Incubation period was almost same under
both the conditions i.e. 11.33 days at room and 10.67 days at 250C temperature. At room temperature the average larval
period was 28.67 days whereas, it was only 13.33 days under controlled conditions. Pupal period at room temperature
also varied significantly with controlled conditions. Average Pupal period at room and controlled conditions were 30.33
days and 11.67 days, respectively. But non-significant difference in percent adult emergence at both room (81.67%) and
controlled conditions (82.33%) were observed. It was revealed from data that the developmental period of the C. carnea
is longest at room temperature whereas, it is less at controlled conditions i.e. at 250c and 65%RH. These finding could be
utilized for the mass production and release of C. carnea for the management of woolly aphids in apple orchards under
mid hill conditions.
Keywords: Biology, predator, Chrysoperla Carnea, apple woolly aphid, Eriosoma Lanigerum under, mid hills,
Uttarakhand, India.
Enzymatic Isolation of the Components of Female germ units of Hevea
brasiliensis towards the Development of Haploids
Divya U.K, Rekha.K, Sobha.S and Sushamakumari.S
Biotechnology Division, Rubber Research Institute of India, Kottayam 686 009, Kerala, INDIA
Abstract: Hevea brasiliensis, the sole commercial source of natural rubber, is a perennial tree crop with a long breeding
cycle which makes genetic improvement through conventional breeding much time consuming and laborious. Female
gametophytic studies can be used as an alternative in vitro approach towards crop improvement of Hevea. Female Germ
Units (FGU) can be isolated and the egg cells can be cultured in-vitro for the development of haploids which may be
used in further breeding programmes, gene mapping etc. Also the components of FGU, which are all haploid in nature
except the central cell, can be utilized for breeding through in-vitro fertilization and gametosomatic hybridisation. The
present study was undertaken to standardise an efficient method for the isolation of FGU from female flowers of Hevea
brasiliensis. Ovules isolated from mature flowers one day before anthesis were exposed to different combinations and
concentrations of the enzymes cellulase, pectolyase, macerozyme and rhozyme for different time intervals (2-20hrs). An
enzyme solution containing 0.6% Cellulase (Onozuka R-10), 0.4% Macerozyme (R-10), 0.6 M mannitol, 5 mM MES,
1g-l potassium sulphate and 1g-l dextrose was found to be the most effective one for the release of FGUs. Egg cell release
initiated from the micropylar end of the ovule within 6 hrs of enzymatic digestion, followed by the release of antipodals
from the chalazal end. Maximum release of FGU components viz. egg cell, central cell and synergids was observed by
37
about 16 hrs of digestion. All the released cells were collected together by centrifuging at 100 rpm for 2 min and cultured
in different media for further development.
Keywords: Hevea brasiliensis, female germ units, Egg cell, haploids, cellulase.
Studies on the role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungal enhancement on soil
aggregate stability
Srimathi Priya L.1, Kumutha K.1, Arthee R.1 and Pandiyarajan P.2
1Department
2Department
of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore -3, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
of Agricultural Microbiology, Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Trichy 9, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi isolated from various crop rhizosphere of sodic soil sites were purified
and selected for inoculation along with two standard strains namely, Glomus intraradices and Scutellospora calospora in
a pot culture experiment with maize as host crop to study their influence on soil aggregation. Analysis on soil parameters
responsible for improving soil aggregation after a period of 24 weeks showed influence of AM fungal inoculations on
root colonization (93 %), soil spore load (620 spores 100 g-1 soil), particulate organic matter (60 mg g-1 soil), microbial
count (9.7 x 105 of bacteria, 10.3 x 104 of fungi and 1.4 x 103 of actinomycetes), micronutrient contents (4.96 ±0.06,
0.83±0.05 and 3.52±0.20 ppm of iron, copper and zinc respectively) soil organic carbon (0.37 %), total glomalin production
(62 µg of protein g-1 of soil) as well as the water soluble carbohydrate content (0.67 mg g-1 soil). Therefore the aggregate
stability of the soil has been increased to 53 % where, the standard strains ranked the highest followed by the sodic soil
isolates, Glomus mosseae (TRY 3) and Scutellospora sp. (TRY 2). Overall results showed the positive influence of AM
fungi on soil aggregation.
Keywords: Glomus intraradices, soil aggregation, micronutrient, water soluble carbohydrate, glomalin.
ISCA Publish
Research Journal of Agricultural and
Forestry Sciences
ISSN No.: 2320-6063
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38
ISCA-ISC-2013-2AVFS-01
Evolutionary Pattern of Poikilotherms and Concern on Population Status
Ganguly Subha
AICRP On Post Harvest Technology (ICAR), Department of Fish Processing Technology, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West
Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 5, Budherhat Road, P.O. Panchasayar, Chakgaria, Kolkata, WB, INDIA
Abstract: The study of fossil fish is known as Paleoichthyology. Fossil fishes are the prehistoric aquatic creatures those
which share their record of existence from primitive era. These were the primitive vertebrates having fossil records.
These include the fishes which have now become extinct and have their existence from the Cambrian to Tertian period.
The prehistoric fishes are early fish that are known for their existence once upon a time only from fossil records. They are
the earliest known vertebrates, and include the first and extinct fish that lived through the Cambrian to the Tertian era.
The study of prehistoric fish is called Paleoichthyology. India possesses an appreciable share of the world fish productivity.
But, there are many species of freshwater fishes mainly in our Northeastern States are currently extinct or their population
is in the vulnerable or threatened stage. Human activities, deforestation, destruction of water bodies and other undesirable
practices have led to this concerning situation. Researches on artificial breeding of these fish species are underway to
tackle this shortcoming.
Keywords: Fish, Evolution, Population.
Chemicals, Insecticides and Heavy Metals Responsible for Causing Toxicity in
Animals, Birds and Fishes
Ganguly Subha
AICRP on Post Harvest Technology (ICAR), Department of Fish Processing Technology, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal
University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 5, Budherhat Road, P.O. Panchasayar, Chakgaria, Kolkata - 700 094, WB, INDIA
Abstract: Insecticides are used worldwide for crop protection especially in the developing nations. Neonicotinoid
insecticides, which are one of the most important classes of commercial insecticides worldwide are systemic in plants
and animals and are used to manage crop pests and control fleas on cats and dogs. Acetamiprid belongs to the class of
chloronicotinyl neonicotinoid insecticides used to control insects and ectoparasites viz., Hemiptera, particularly aphids,
thysanoptera and leptoptera on a wide range of crop species. The indiscriminate and injudicious use of second generation
fluoroquinolones viz., enrofloxacin produced anemia, leucopenia, hypoglycaemia, hypoproteinemia, increased enzymatic
activity and hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects in broiler chickens. Exposure to heavy metals results in congestion and
hemorrhages in the lungs, tubular degeneration in kidneys and occasional hemorrhages in the brain. The present article
was conducted to review the various pharmaceutical, physiological and toxicopathological effects of different chemical
agents and heavy metals due to environmental exposure and through feed on poultry birds. Heavy metals possess high
density and toxicity towards living beings. Heavy metals like arsenic, chromium, lead and mercury are point popular and
relevant. Heavy metals constitute the crust of the earth which resists degradation. Human get inflicted with heavy metals
through the agency of food, water and atmosphere. Mercury poisoning by eating fishes is a prominent cause for public
health hazard.
Keywords: Chemical, Exposure, Heavy metal, Toxicity.
Information Communication Technology in Veterinary Practice
Shibu K. Jacob and Anu George
College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala, INDIA
Abstract: Modern diagnostic techniques are the need of the hour for sustainable livestock development. Information
Communication Technologies (ICT) have various applications in veterinary practice. There are different types of ICTs
such as interactive educational modules, expert systems, decision support systems (DSS) and management information
systems (MIS).The paper describes these innovative ICT tools in detail.
Keywords: Information Communication Technology, Expert system, Veterinary Diagnosis.
Influence of Moracin on DMBA – initiated and TPA - promoted
Skintumerigenesis in the Skin of Mouse
Vitthalrao B. Khyade and Jiwan P. Sarawade
ShardabaiPawar Women’s College, Shardanagar; Tal.Baramati, Dist. Pune, INDIA
Abstract: The attempt in the study was concerned with assessmentof the protective influence of Moracin, the major
39
constituent of leaves of mulberry, Morusalba (L) on the 7, 12 – dimethylbenz (alpha) anthracene (DMBA) – initiated and
12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate ( TPA ) – promoted mouse skin tumerigenesis model. The acetone solution of
Moracin was topically applied to DMBA – initiated female mouse skin at the dosage of 2.5 and 5 mg twice per week for
sixteen weeks, thirty minutes prior to each promotion treatment with TPA in the first experimental schedule. The significant
reduction in tumor incidence and tumor multiplicity effects were evident in the treated group. The expression of tumor
necrosis factor (TNF) – alpha protein and the level of 4-hydroxynoneal (4HNE) in the normal epidermis were significantly
reduced in both moracin treated groups. Moracin at the dosage of 5 mg was topically applied to the dorsal surface of
mouse skin 30 minutes before application of a TPA in the second effort in the study. And the same dosages of TPA and
Moracin were applied twice at the interval of 24 hours. Moracin treatment was found inhibiting the double TPA treatment
– induced morphological changes reflecting inflammatory response, including leucocyte infiltration, hyperplasia and
cell proliferation. Moracintreatment, furthermore significantly suppressed the elevation in 4-HNE level and elevated
expression of c-fos, c-myc and cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2) in normal epidermis induced by double application of TPA.
The moracin was found significant with reference to protective influence in tumor promotion. Utilization of Moracin
may open a new avenue in for the treatment of cancer.
Keywords: Influence, Moracin on DMBA, TPA, promoted skintumerigenesis, skin of mouse.
Effect of supplementing L-carnitine on Semen quality Traits in Iraqi Drakes
Hazim J. and Al-Daraji
University of Baghdad, College of Agriculture, Department of Animal Production, Baghdad, IRAQ
Abstract: This study was conducted to determine the effect of supplementing Iraqi drakes with L-carnitine on semen
quality traits. A total of 48 male Iraqi ducks, which were 30 weeks old were used in this study. Drakes were randomly
allocated to four treatment groups with 12 drakes per treatment group, replicated three times, with 4 drakes in each
replicate. Treatment groups were: Treatment 1 (T1): Birds fed a diet free of L-carnitine (control group), Treatment 2
(T2): Birds fed a diet containing 50 mg L-carnitine/kg of diet, Treatment 3 (T3): Birds fed a diet containing 100 mg Lcarnitine/kg of diet, and Treatment 4 (T4): Birds fed a diet containing 150 mg L-carnitine/kg of diet. Drakes were only
fed experimental diets during the experiment which lasted three months. The semen quality traits investigated were
ejaculate volume, mass and individual motility of spermatozoa, spermatocrit, spermatozoa concentration, percentages of
dead and abnormal spermatozoa and acrosomal abnormalities. Supplementing the diet of drakes with L-carnitine at the
levels of 50, 100 and 150 mg / kg of diet significantly increased ejaculate volume, spermatocrit, mass and individual
motility of spermatozoa, and concentration of spermatozoa, while percentages of dead and abnormal spermatozoa and
acrosomal abnormalities were decreased. However, T4 (150 mg L-carnitine/kg of diet) recorded the best results with
relation to all semen quality traits included in this study. Dietary supplementation with L-carnitine improved semen
quality of local drakes; therefore L-carnitine can be used as an efficient feed additive to improve reproductive performance
of male ducks
Keywords: Carnitine, reproductive performance, drakes.
Significance of Herbal Feed Supplement in Animal Production
C. Kathirvelan
Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal- 637 002, INDIA
Abstract: Plant secondary metabolites or plant feed additives have recently emerged as alternatives to antibiotics in
livestock/poultry production. In recent years, aromatic plants and their extracts have received attention as growth and
health promoters. It is known that most of their properties are due to the plant secondary metabolites. Metabolite enhances
production of digestive secretions, stimulates blood circulation, exerts antioxidant properties, reduce levels of pathogenic
bacteria and may enhance immune status. The antioxidant properties of many aromatic plants and spices have shown to
be effective in retarding the process of lipid peroxidation in oils and fatty foods and have gained the interest of many
research groups. One of the most evident intrinsic effects of plant metabolites is their antimicrobial activity. Metabolites
are slightly more active against Gram-positive than Gram-negative bacteria. Garlic extract has been shown to inhibit E.
coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Research with plant secondary metabolites has yielded contradicting results, but there
is enough evidence to suggest that they may have a role as a tool in combating bacterial diseases in poultry. Under current
scenario, the herbal plant metabolites are replacing the antibiotics and other chemical growth promoters used in livestock/
poultry nutrition, however further research are needed to identify and study the active role some of herbal active principles.
Keywords: Significance, herbal feed, supplement, animal production.
40
Bacteriological Evaluation of Quality of the Drinking Water in Dairy Farms in
Khartoum State, Sudan
Amna Mustafa Musa1 and Atif Elamin Abdelgadir2
1Ministry
2Department
of Animal Resources and Fisheries, Khartoum, SUDAN
of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, SUDAN
Abstract: This study was conducted in Khartoum State in order to evaluate the quality of the drinking water in dairy
farms based on bacteriological examinations and viable counts. A total of 39 water samples were obtained from dairy
farms (13 in Khartoum, 13 in Omdurman and 13 in Khartoum North). All samples were cultured on Blood Agar and
MacConkey for bacterial isolation and on nutrient agar for viable counts. The main result revealed that 39 bacterial
isolates were detected in drinking water of the dairy farms in Khartoum state. Micrococcus spp., pseudomonas spp., and
bacillus spp. were dominant in Khartoum given a percentage of 7.69% (n=3) for each. Staphylococcus spp. and
Corynobacterium spp. were also observed in the samples of dairy farms in Khartoum (5.12%) (n=2) for each. The
bacteria isolated from dairy farms in Omdurman were Micrococcus spp. and Aeromonas spp. (5.12%)(n=2)for each. In
the same site Staphylococcus spp., Actenobacillus spp., Moraxella spp. and Flavibacterium spp were also detected with
percentage of (2.56%) and frequency of one for each. The most frequent isolate in Khartoum North was Micrococcus
spp. (17.95%) (n=7) followed by Aeromonas spp. (10.26%)(n=4) and Staphylococcs spp. (5.12%)(n=2). Regarding
bacterial counts, the results have shown high level of contamination of dirking water for all dairy farms in Khartoum
State. The results were interoperated depended on international critical level (cut-off point) (100 CFU mL-1). For instance,
high mean of bacterial counts 6.44x108 was observed in dairy farm in Omdurman followed by Khartoum and Khartoum
North with mean bacterial counts of 4.93x108 and 3.81x108, respectively. Application of analytical statistic using One
Way ANOVA revealed that there was no statistical significant (F. value =0.198, p-value >0.05) for bacterial counts of the
drinking water of dairy farms in different sites of Khartoum state.
Keywords: Bacterial counts, Bacterial isolation, Drinking water, Khartoum State, Sudan.
Study of Fish Fauna of Bundelkhand Region with Special Reference to Damoh
District, MP, India
Mukesh Kumar Napit
Department of Zoology, Swami Vivekanand Govt. College Berasia, Bhopal M.P., INDIA
Abstract: The pollutants and drastic environmental variation have adversely effected and changed water qualities namely
colour, hardness, turbidity, alkalinity, pH, COD, BOD and TDS etc. Aquatic life, also is affected. Changes in morphology
of fish like colour, pigmentation, length, weight mass, structure of scales, finrays etc. may occur. This can not be ignored
that the afore-mention variation may be responsible to develop new varieties or sub species. Unfortunately, negligible
work is done in relation to fish fauna of the area in recent-past. Though, appreciable limnological work is done, yet the
fish fauna remained unexplored. The fauna study is of tremendous significance in determining population density and
calculating sub specific diversity and conservation of ecosystem in Damoh District.
Keywords: Fish Fauna, Biodiversity, Endangered Species.
Role of Micro-diets and live feed combinations on larval development and
survival rate of Penaeus monodon (Fabricius)
K. Ramesh Babu, D. Venu, K.V. Siva Reddy, G. Vijaya Pratap and K.G. Anand
Dept. of Marine Living Resources, College of Science and Technology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam- 530 003, INDIA
Abstract: The current study was aimed to evaluate the role of feed combinations on larval development and survival rate
of Penaeus monodon. Four different feed combinations were selected for the current study among the four different
combinations the Maximum survival rate 85.98% (PL 20) was obtained in treatment with feed II (Chetoceros species and
Frippak). Next high survival of 76.05. % (PL 20) was obtained in treatment with feed IV (Skeletonema species and
Encap) and moderate survival of 68.35% (PL 20) in treatment with feed III (Chetoceros species and Biomarine-Micromac) The minimum larval survival of 63.89% (PL 20) was recorded in treatment with feed I. (Chetoceros species and
Hegashimaru). The findings of the study suggest that the combination of Chetoceros and Frippak (Feed II) was the best
feed for the larval development and survival of the post larvae (PL20) in Penaeus monodon.
Keywords: Penaeus monodon, micro-diets, growth, survival rate, mortality, chetoceros sp, and skeletonema sp.
41
The relationship between Physico-chemical Characteristics and fish production
of Mod sagar Reservoir of Jhabua District, MP, India
Shinde Deepak and Ningwal Uday singh
Department of Zoology, Govt. P. G. College, Dhar- 454 001, M.P., INDIA
Abstract: Physico-chemical condition of water has direct impact on survival, growth, reproduction and distribution of
fishes. Any adverse environmental condition affects the life of fishes. The effect of physico-chemical parameters on fish
production was investigated in Mod sagar reservoir of Jhabua District (M.P.) India. The physico-chemical parameters
investigated were temperature=17.1-32°C, transparency=19 cm-62 cm, Conductivity=210-380 µmhos, pH=7.6–8.8,
DO=3.0-10.9 mg/1, BOD=0.66-48.34, Total alkalinity=168-290 mg/l, TDS=180-330 mg/I. hardness=162 mg/l to 222
mg/l. Calcium=18.0-33.2 mg/l, chloride=22-36 mg/l, phosphate = 0.25-1.26 mg/l and nitrate = 0.23 - 0.98 mg/l. The
main aim of this study was to establish relationship between Physico-chemical Characteristics and fish production of
the reservoir.
Keywords: Mod sagar, Physico-chemical, Fish production, Reservoir.
Corn Steep Liquor (CSL) as alternative Protein source in the Diet of Carp
Sarasvati Sukhanandi and Sujata Bhatt
B R Doshi School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat 388 120, INDIA
Abstract: The corn steep liquor (CSL), a starch industries by-product, was used as an alternative protein source in the
diet of Labeo rohita fingerling. Iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic diets were formulated using CSL at 25%, 50%, 75%
and 100% replacement of fish meal (D1 to D4); and with Lysine and chelated arginine ( D5, D6). The CSL contained
45.39% protein, 21.18% lactic acid, 22.45 mg/100g of sucrose and essential amino acids (lysine and arginine not in
permissible limit). It is devoid of fibre, phytic acid and trypsin inhibitor; and tannin, total phenol and saponin were found
in negligible amount. The growth performance, digestibility, carcass protein content and digestive enzyme activities of
fishes with D2 were found to be similar to CD. The activity of key enzymes hexokinase, lactose dehydrogenase and
Glucose-6-phosphatase were found to be higher in D4, D5 and D6 groups; and the alanine amino transferase was observed
to be higher in D2. The liver Alkaline Phosphatase and Acid phosphatase activities as well as kidney lysozyme level were
higher in experimental fishes. The findings suggest that CSL, as alternative protein source, can be incorporated in carp
diet at 50% level without affecting the growth of the fishes.
Keywords: Antinutritional factors, Corn steep liquor, Carp feed, Feed utilization, Growth, Rohu
Biochemical and Fatty Acid Analysis of Faeces in Umblachery Cattle (Bos
Indicus) During Different Phases of Estrous Cycle
G.Gnanamuthu and K.Rameshkumar
P.G. and Research Department of Zoology, Rajah Serfoji Govt. College (Autonomous), Thanjavur – 613 005, Tamilnadu, INDIA
Abstract: Mammals release enormous variety of molecules into the environment, either as specific chemosignals or as
products of metabolic processes via urine, faeces, saliva, vaginal fluid, milk, sweat and specialized scent glands. The
olfactory system has the ability to recognize and discriminate among thousands of structurally diverse odorants, which
have access to the behavioural and physiological outputs. This chemical cues are rely on signals passed between individuals
conveying information including sex, reproductive status, individual identity, ownership, competitive ability and health
status. Many of these signals take the form of complex mixtures of molecules sensed by chemosensory systems and have
important influences on a variety of behaviours such as mother-young interaction, mate choice and territorial marking. In
the present study, it is planned to identify and estimate the biochemicals and fatty acids present in the faecal samples of
Umblachery breed cow (Bos indicus) during different phases of estrous cycle. The biochemical estimation showed that
protein, carbohydrate and lipid were higher in estrus phase when compared to all other phases. Further, GC analysis of
the faecal samples showed that 20 different fatty acids are identified in all the phases of estrous cycle. The fatty acids like
valeric, caproic, myristic, gadoleic and pelargonic are found only in estrus not in other phases. Based on the obtained
results, the present study suggests that the qualitative and quantitative presence of certain biochemicals and fatty acids
would be reliable indicators of oestrus in bovine. The role of biochemical and fatty acids in animal behaviour must be
confirmed by field study. The presence of biochemicals and specific fatty acids in estrus faeces makes the possibility to
develop a biomarker for the detection of estrus in Umblachery cattle very accurately.
Keyword: Bovine, faeces, chemical cues, biochemical, fatty acids, estrous cycle.
42
Observation of Hormone and Biochemical Variations in Sheep (Ovis Aries)
Feaces during Different Reproductive Phases
P. Sangeetha and K. Rameshkumar*
P.G. and Research Dept.of Zoology, Rajah Serfoji Govt. College (Autonomous), Thanjavur- 613 005, Tamil Nadu INDIA
Abstract: Biochemical profile is a set of diagnostic procedures that are based on determining the various reproductive
indicators of the animals. Female reproductive physiology is a complex process and the macromolecules produces from
females depends upon hormonal regulation and physiological status of the organisms. The measurement of reproductive
steroids and their metabolites excreted through urine and feaces serves as purpose of communication and provides new
techniques for detection of effective estrus phase in animals. The subsequent chemical characterization of pheromones
together with biological testing of their synthetic analogues has laid a foundation for a better understanding of physiological
and biochemical processes releated to chemical communication in mammals. Hence, the present investigation is designed
to analyze the biochemical profiles such as protein, carbohydrate, lipid and steroids hormones such as estrogen,
progesterone, LH, FSH in prepubertal, estrus, pregnant and lactating sheep feaces. The level of protein and lipid were
significantly high in estrus phases, where as the level of carbohydrate level is significantly high in prepubertal and
lactating phases when compared with other phases. Further, estrogen and LH were significantly high in estrus as compared
with other phases and progesterone level is significantly high in pregnant phase. Thus, the present work is concluded that
biochemicals and hormones in estrus phase may represent as important elicit signals to inform the estrus phase of the
animal.
Keywords: Pheromones, chemical communication, hormonal regulation, estrus phase.
Nutritional Quality in Freshwater Mussels, parreysia spp. of Periyar River,
Kerala, India
Nannu Shafakatullah and M. Krishnamoorthy
Department of Bio-Sciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri-574199, Mangalore, Karnataka, INDIA
Abstract: Nutritional quality aspects of freshwater mussels Parreysia spp. were studied in different seasons for a period
of 12 months from February 2010 to January 2011 from Periyar River, in the Western Ghat region of Kerala, India. The
aim of this work was to investigate the seasonal changes in macronutrient contents of mussels. Fluctuations in the
macronutrient content have been found throughout the seasons. Accumulation of proteins and lipids during the pre and
post monsoon seasons, decrease in the same during monsoon and winter season was observed. Carbohydrate content was
decreased during pre and post monsoon season, while increased during the monsoon and winter seasons.
Keywords: Fresh water mussels, macronutrients, Parreysia spp, periyar river, western ghats.
Diurnal Influence on Mould Contamination of Air in Slatted Floor System of
Sheep Pen
A. Yasotha, T.Sivakumar and Thanga.Thamil Vanan
Department of Livestock Production and Management, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai-600 007, INDIA
Abstract: All moulds have the potential of causing health effects to animals. Moulds produce allergens, irritants and in
some cases, toxins that may cause reactions in persons and animals. Hence an experiment was conducted to assess the
level of mould contamination in the air of sheep pen and their influence on sheep under slatted floor system of sheep
house. An airborne bacterial sampler (Casella Mk II) was used to collect air sample for microbial count. The sampler was
operated at the prescribed flow rate of 30 l/min over the concerned medium. All samples were taken from the centre of
the pen at 0.75 m above the floor level at 8 am and 2 pm. Petridishes filled with 20 ml of Sabouraud agar were used for
estimating mould count. After the collection of samples, the petridishes were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. At the end
of 24 hours the numbers of colonies were counted by using Quebec colony counter. The numbers of colonies were
expressed as cfu/30 l of air. The mould count was (P<0.01) higher in the morning (16.33 ± 1.41 cfu per 30 l of air) than
in the afternoon (13.83 ± 1.41cfu per 30 l of air) in slatted floor. However no significant difference was observed
between the periods of time.
Keywords: Diurnal, mould contamination, air, slatted floor system, sheep pen.
43
Ichthyofaunal survey of Mula-Mutha River of Pune, Maharastra, India
N. E. Chandanshive1, Gorkhe D.C2, Pahade P. M.2 and Late B. E. Yadav3
1.Zoology
Department, Fergusson College, Pune-4, M.S., INDIA
2.H.V. Desai College, Pune, INDIA
3.Zoological Survey of India Western Regional Station, Pune, INDIA
Abstract: A large number of flowing water bodies are major source of Inland fisheries in India. Mula-MuthaRiver is one
of them. PavanaRiver is one of tributary of MulaRiver flowing through PimpriChinchwad Municipal Corporation; Mula
and Mutha rivers are flows through the Pune Municipal Corporation of Pune District. Sixty four species of different
fishes were collected from the rivers Mula-Mutha, Pune (Maharastra State), during four year January –2003 to December2009. It is found that a number of species, which are economically important and not reported earlier in the river, are
easily available now, but some formerly reported species are not found in survey done recently by different workers. The
midstream and downstream of river is heavily polluted, few species like Heteropneustesfossilisand
Oreochromismossambicus have been reported from polluted stretch of the river.
Keywords: Ichthyofaunal, survey, Mula-Mutha River, Pune, Maharastra.
Physico Chemical Analysis of Sitapat Pond and its Comporison with tap Water
Quality of Dhar Town, India for Potability Status
Waskel Darasing and Baghel Laxmi
Department of Zoology, Maharaja Bhoj Govt. P. G. College, Dhar, M. P., INDIA
Abstract: The assessment of some physico-chemical and bacteriological parameter of a water body for its suitability of
drinking purpose has been carried out during 2007- 2008 in six selected stations of Sitapat pond and five tap water
stations of different areas from the town. The result show severe deterioration in the quality of pond water and after
treatment of water supply in tap water of the town.
Keywords: Assessment, physico-chemical, bacteriological, deterioration, tap water.
Impact of Monocrotophos on the Histopathological Changes in the Gills of
Mosquito Fish, Gambusia Affinis
Theurkar S.V., Gaikwad A.N., Ghadage M.K., Bhor G.L. and Patil S.B.
Department of Zoology, Hutatma Rajguru Mahavidyalaya, Rajgurunagar, University of Pune, 410505, INDIA
Abstract: Gambusia affinis is a fresh-water fish, but occurs also in brackish water. Fishes are very sensitive to a wide
variety of toxicant in water and deleterious effect of metal or heavy metals on fishes. It inhabits waters in which
mosquitoes breed the mosquito larvae constitute its principal food, called as Mosquito fish. The toxicity of various
pollutants can be assessed by the extent of histopathological damage in the organism and the degree of the cell
damage reflects the concentration of pollutant. In the present study an attempt is made to study the Monocrotophos,
an industrial as well agricultural effluence on Gambusia affinis. 50% mortality was exposure to Monocrotophos on
0.4 ppm at 96 hrs. The impact of Monocrotophos on the gill of Gambusia affinis, gill exhibited a twisting of gill
filament tips and infiltration of cell in the primary axis. The gill exhibited a film of coagulated mucous over the gill
surface.
Keywords: Mosquito fish, Monocrotophos, Gambusia affinis, histopathology, toxicant
Benthic Associates of Zoanthids in an Intertidal area of Saurashtra Coast,
Gujarat
Pandya Khushali and Mankodi P.C.
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara-390002, INDIA
Abstract: In a marine rocky intertidal area, space availability always gives rise to competition. Niche availability plays
a major role in the distribution in the organisms. In this paper, we correlated the distribution of zoanthids and their effect
on surrounding organism’s distribution and diversity. Zoanthids occupy the wide niche in any intertidal area. As the
substratum and the abiotic factors change, their distribution pattern also changes. Organisms like corals, sponges, tube
worms and nematodes and zoanthids are found occupying same niche and therefore competition increases. Molluscs
though are not sedentary but are found stuck to these zoanthids for food and shelter in their colony. Gobiid fishes feed on
44
zoanthids and therefore make their niche in same or surrounding tidal pools during low tides. The observation reveals
that though zoanthids are known release biochemical compounds there are associated organisms which are now adapted
to these chemical compounds and found sharing the same niche. Establishment of their correlation and type of association
is described in this paper.
Keywords: Zoanthids, benthic fauna, association, Saurashtra coast.
Molecular Characterization of Indian Goatpox Viruses Based on GPCR Gene
Encoded G-Protein-Coupled Chemokines Receptor Homologue
Santhamani R., Ramakrishnan M.A., Yogisharadhya R., Venkatesan G., Chandra Sekar S.,
Shivachandra S.B. and Pandey A.B.
Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Uttarakhand – 263 138, INDIA
Abstract: Goatpox and sheeppox are highly contagious, transboundary and economically important diseases of goats
and sheep, respectively. They are endemic in Indian sub-continent and caused by sheeppox virus (SPPV) and goatpox
virus (GTPV) of the genus Capripoxvirus (CaPV), subfamily Chordopoxvirinae and family Poxviridae. Capripox viruses
were considered host specific and classified as per host species infected. Previous reports showed the presence of SPPV
infection in goats and GTPV infection in sheep. Regular outbreaks of sheeppox and goatpox are reported from India in
spite of using live attenuated vaccines. However, only limited information is available on molecular characterization of
capripox viruses. The present study was aimed to characterize the Indian goatpox viruses by GPCR genes sequencing.
The full length GPCR genes were amplified from four GTPV isolates (vaccine strain-Uttarkashi p60, challenge virusMukteswar p4, Akola p2, and Sambalpur p9) and one clinical scab sample. The amplified products were cloned into TA
vector and sequenced. Expected full length amplicons size of ~1684 bp was visualized for all the five viruses. On
multiple sequence alignment all these viruses possessed GTPV lineage specific signatures and7-amino acid deletion
near the N-terminal end. The present study confirms that GPCR gene sequence analysis can be used for the differentiation
of SPPV and GTPV.
Keywords: Capripoxvirus, Sheeppox virus, Goatpox virus, GPCR genes, molecular characterization
Different Dairy Cows
G.Noshadevi, G.Gnanamuthu and K.Rameshkumar*
P.G. and Research Dept. of Zoology, Rajah Serfoji Govt. College (Autonomous), Thanjavur - 613 005, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: Cow milk is an important foodstuff and beneficial to human health. The aim of the present work is to extend
the knowledge about the comparison of biochemical parameters in milk of two different dairy cows. The two exotic
breeds (Jersey and Holstein Friesian) are selected from agricultural farms during various lactation periods such as 1, 3,
5 and 7th months. The biochemical constituents like protein, carbohydrate, lipid, fat, SNF, lactose, salts (calcium, sodium,
potassium), heavy metals (zinc, copper, lead) and fatty acids in bovine milk of various lactation periods were quantified.
The concentration of selected biochemical parameters like protein and carbohydrate are highly significant in all stages of
Holstein Friesian when compared to Jersey but the amount of lipid was slightly higher in Jersey. The fat content in early
stage of lactation found to be similar in Jersey milk, but the late lactation fat content was increased in Holstein Friesian
milk when compared to Jersey cow. The solid content of the milk samples are found to be higher in Jersey when compared
to Holstein Friesian. The other components like total ash, lactose, calcium, sodium and potassium are found to be similar
in both breeds. The milk sugar, starch and heavy metals are totally absent. The GC analysis of fatty acid showed the
presences of 77 fatty acids in Jersey (47), and Holstein Friesian (30), among these 15 fatty acids are present in both milk
samples and other fatty acids are specifically present in each samples. Hence, the present study concluded that the
chemical composition present in Holstein Friesians milk notably high when compared with Jersey milk and it indicates
that it is a rich sources of nutrients and thus offers excellent opportunity for the development of local dairy industry to
meet the public need for nutrition from Holstein Friesians.
Keywords: cow milk, biochemical parameters, salts, heavy metals, fatty acids.
Protective activity of Ficus bengalensis leaf extract against
Cisplatin-induced toxicity in Rat
Farhad Alipour and Varsha Wankhade*
Department of Zoology, University of Pune, Pune, India
Abstract: The objective of this study was to explore the protective activity of methanolic extract of Ficus bengalensis
leaves (FB) used along with Cisplatin for protection of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicty.Thirty female albino mice were
45
supplemented by FB once a day for nine days beginning two days before Cisplatin administration. Cisplatin (5 mg/kg
body weight) was given intraperitoneally (ip) once a day for five days simultaneously. After cessation of Cisplatin
administration, the methanolic extract of FB was supplemented continuously for two days. Hepatotoxicity was studied
by estimating enzyme activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and
Nephrotoxicity was assessed by determining the serum Creatinine and Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) levels and antioxidant
status was determined by GSH and MDA assay. The methanolic extract of FB, along with Cisplatin, showed a significant
reversal of these biochemical changes towards the normal when compared to negative control group. The results of this
study indicated the potent protective and antioxidant nature of the FB against hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicty in Mice
extract.
Keywords: Cisplatin, Ficus bengalensis, Protective effect, Hepatotoxicity.
Aqueous extract of Ficus religiosa prevents Cisplatin-induced
Toxicity by enhancing Antioxidant status in Mice
Alipour F., Wankhade W.V. and Yadav R.
Department of Zoology, University of Pune, Pune, INDIA
Abstract: The clinical use of Cisplatin, as the most important anticancer drug, has been limited due to the major side
effects like nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. The mechanism of Cisplatin side effects are documented to the combination
of multi-ways, such as the generation of reactive oxygen species. In the present study, the protective effect of aqueous
extract of Ficus religiosa leaf (FR) was investigated against Cisplatin-induced oxidative dysfunction in the liver and
kidney of mice. Oral administration of FR at the doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg was studied in normal and Cisplatininduced toxicity rats. Cisplatin-induced heptotoxicity by increasing the serum Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate
aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) , Total bilirubin (Tb), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and
also induced nephrotoxicity by elevated serum Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and Creatinine (Cr). In addition, Cisplatin
also significantly induced oxidative damage by decline activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione
(GSH) and Catalase (CAT). Supplementation of FR (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight) significantly ameliorated
the Cis-induced toxicity by lowering the toxicity markers in kidney and liver and increased antioxidant status by recovering
the of SOD, CAT and GSH levels. Therefore, the results of this study showed that aqueous extract of FR can be proposed
to protect the liver and kidney against Cis-induced oxidative stress. This protective effect might be correlated with its
antioxidant and free radical scavenging effect of FR leaves extract.
Keywords: Ficus religiosa, Cisplatin, Oxidative stress, Hepatoprotective, Nephroprotective
Effect on Supplementation of Selected Plant Leaves as Growth Promoters of
Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis Mossambicus)
B.Karpagam1 and N.Krishnaveni2
1Department
of Zoology Nirmala College for Women (Autonomous), Coimbatore- 641018, Tamilnadu, INDIA
2Dept. of Zoology, Avinashilingam Instititute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, TN, INDIA
Abstract: An investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of selected plants (Sesbania grandiflora, Moringa
oleifera, Coleus aromaticus, Ocimum basilium and Solanum verbascifolium) supplemented feed on the growth parameters
such as length, weight and specific growth rate and survival of Oreochromis mossambicus. The fishes were fed with
these supplemented feed for 45 days and the results were obtained for every 15 days once. The data were subjected to
one way analysis of variance and the means were separated using least significant differences. The fishes fed with
Moringa oliefera supplemented feed showed maximum increase in weight (0.96%, 1.33%,1.78%) and specific growth
rate. The maximum increase in length was observed in the fishes that were fed Ocimum basilicum supplemented feed
(1.2%, 1.6%, 2.0%). This study indicated that inclusion of plant ingredients in fish feed resulted in superior growth
performance and the formulation of plant based diet for fish will provide new opportunities.
Keywords: Tilapia, Plant supplemented feed, Growth.
Monitoring Disease Status of Cultured White Leg Shrimp, Litopenaeus
Vannamei in Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh, India
R. Arul Raj, S.K.Otta#, P.EzhilPraveena, T. Bhuvaneswari, A. Panigrahi, P.Ravichandran,
K.P.Jithendran and A.G.Ponniah
Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75 Santhome High Road, R.A.Puram, Chennai 600028, INDIA
Abstract: Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeusvannamei) culture has well been adapted to India and more intensively to
46
Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. The alien status of this shrimp makes it possible as a carrier for the introduction of
several exotic pathogens. This species can also be vulnerable to existing pathogens. Continuous monitoring for disease
status of this shrimp was carried out in Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. Samplings from different farms were screened
for five OIE listed viral pathogens; White spot syndrome virus (WSSV), Infectious hypodermal hematopoietic necrosis
virus (IHHNV), Yellow head virus (YHV), Taura syndrome virus (TSV) and Infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) by
PCR. The samples were invariably associated with either WSSV or IHHNV. Out of this one year sampling, 5 different
months were also found to have dual infection with WSSV and IHHNV. Farms infected with WSSV or mixed infection
had mortality between 27 to 72 days of culture. No mortality was observed in farms that had only IHHNV infection.
Throughout this monitoring period, samples were negative for all the three exotic pathogens; YHV, TSV and IMNV. The
result of this monitoring indicates the necessity of stringent biosecurity measures to avoid infection from existing pathogens
and thereby shrimp mortality.
Keywords: Vannamei, disease, monitoring, virus, mortality.
Identification of Potential Interactors for Gonad Inhibiting Hormone of
Penaeus Monodon Using Yeast Two-Hybrid Assay
SaikrithiP1.,Nithoon James1, Sherly Tomy1*, Subhendu Kumar Otta1, C. P. Balasubramanian1,
T. Subramoniam2 and A.G. Ponniah1
1Central
Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, RA Puram, Chennai 600028, INDIA
Biotechnology, National Institute of Ocean Technology, Pallikarni, Chennai 600100, INDIA
2Marine
Abstract: Neurodendocrine control of reproduction in female crustacean is multifactorial. Gonad-inhibiting hormone
(GIH), a neuropeptide secreted from the X-organ sinus gland complex in eyestalk, inhibits vitellogenesis in many
malacostacans. The molecular mechanism ofGIH-mediated signaling cascade is poorly understood. Knowledge of specific
protein interactions of GIH will help to understand the complex regulatory mechanisms of reproduction. Potential
interactors for GIHofPenaeus monodonwere analyzed using GAL4 based yeasttwo-hybridassay. GIH gene was amplified
by RT-PCR from eyestalk and was cloned to intermediate vector (pGEMT-Easy), restriction digested, gel purified and
cloned into the MCS of the plasmid pGBKT7 (DNA-binding domain vector) to form a recombinant plasmid pGBKT7GIH (bait). The bait, positive (p53) and negative (LAM) control were transformed to competent Y2Hgold yeast strain
and subjected to selection in amino acid deficient media. The bait was verified negative for autoactivation. A complementary
DNA (cDNA) library from the ovary was fused to the transcriptional activation domain vector (pGADT7) and was
transformed to competent Y187 yeast strain. Yeast two-hybrid screening assay was performed by mating of Y2Hgold
containing the bait with Y187 that contained P. monodon ovary cDNA library. Four positive interactions were obtainedand
works are being carried out to characterize them.
Keywords: P. monodon, penaeid shrimp, reproduction, Gonad inhibiting hormone, yeast two hybrid assay,
Changes in protein metabolism in the Muscle and Kidney of the Freshwater
fish, Cirrhinus mrigala exposed to an Insecticide “Malathion”
Vasanthi.J and Binukumari.S
PG and Research Department of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore-641029, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: Environmental pollution and biosphere study has attracted the attention of scientists all over the world.Of the
pollutants,pesticides and even among these,insecticides have been much talked about.Pesticides are useful tools in
agriculture and forestry but gradual degradation of aquatic ecosystem and consequent disaster cannot be ignored.Pesticides
at high concentration are known to reduce the survival,growth and reproduction of fish and other aquatic organisms and
produce many visible effects on aquatic lives.In assessing the toxicity of pesticides to aquatic invertebrates and vertebrates
it is found that most of the pesticides are highly toxic to phytoplankton,zooplankton and other aquatic organisms.Among
the aquatic lives fish play a vital role for the supply of animal protein.The toxic effect of the insecticide malathion were
analysed in this study.Appropriate narrow range of concentration was used to find the median lethal concentration using
a minimum of 10 fishes for each concentration and the mortality was recorded for every 24 hours upto 72 hours.The LC50
value is 0.317 ppm.Four groups of fishes were exposed in 0.317 ppm concentration for 24,48 and 72 hours. Another
group was maintained as control.At the end of each exposure period,fishes were sacrificed and tissues such as Muscle
and Kidney were dissected and removed.Samples were tested for protein analysis.Decreased content of protein was
observed when compared to control.
Keywords: Cirrhinus mrigala, malathion, protein, Muscle, Kidney.
47
Immunological studies of disease induced Common carp Cyprinus carpio fed
with Neem Extract added feed
Valsa Judit Anto. A and Balasubramanian V
Department of Zoology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College, (Autonomous) sivakasi, Tamilnadu, INDIA
Abstract: Plant extracts can act as an immunostimulant even at low concentration and hence its use could be very cost
effective. It is biodegradable and environmental friendly. Azadiracha indica (neem) is commonly found out in India.
Plant extracts were mixed thoroughly with the artificial feeds at the concentrations of 250, 500, 750 mg/kg of dry diet.
The prepared diets were fed to healthy common carp, Cyprinus carpio for 30 days and then challenged with 0.1 ml of 105
CFU/ml of Aeromonas hydrophila. In the present study immunological aspects, such as, antibody titre, phagocytic
activity and hepato somatic index were studied. In the plant extract treated groups no mortality was seen .Low dose of
plant extract (250 mg/kg) showed maximum antibody titre , phagocytic activity and hepatosomatic index than the control
and other experimental groups. The 250 mg/ kg feed was found to be more effective than the control and other groups of
fish.
Keywords: Aeromonas hydrophila, Cyprinus carpio, Antibody titre, Phagocytic activity, Hepato Somatic Index, Neem
extract.
ACE inhibitory activity and antioxidant potentials of Ziziphus jujube and Pyrus
communis Fruits extracts
Krutika Bhole and AVRL Narasimhacharya
B R Doshi School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat- 388120, INDIA
Abstract: Hypertension is an important predictor of cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular accidents and death.
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors are the main stay in targeting the hypertension. Although synthetic drugs such
as captopril, enalapril, ramipril etc are efficient remedies to treat hypertension, their side effects are clinically significant.
Natural foods such as fruits and vegetables are associated with many health promoting properties as they contain
phytonutrients such as vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals useful in improving the metabolic disturbances. The present
study deals with in vitro ACE inhibitory activity, antioxidant potentials and phytochemical analysis of Ziziphus jujube
(Indian date; Ber) and Pyrus communis (Common pear; Amritphala) fruit extracts. Both undialyzed and dialyzed extracts
of the fruits possessed ACE inhibitory activity in a dose dependent manner. The antioxidant potentials of the extracts
were measured in terms of FRAP, CUPRAC, DPPH and Hydroxyl radical scavenging ability. The fruit extracts contained
flavonoids, polyphenols, ascorbic acid and saponins. Both the fruit extracts exhibited significantly high antioxidant
potential that could be correlated to their phytochemical constituents. Thus this investigation indicates that both the
fruits possess ACE inhibitory and antioxidant activities and their consumption would be beneficial in controlling the
blood pressure.
Keywords: Hypertension, Angiotensin converting enzyme, Antioxidant, Phytochemicals, Seasonal fruits.
Molecular Phylogeny Analysis using Mitochondrial coi gene of Dawkinsia
Filamentosus Group fish in Southern Western Ghats, India
Jegatheesh, T.R.1, Johnson, J.A 2 and Albert Rajendran1
1Research
2Department
Department of Zoology, St. John’s College, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, INDIA
of Habitat Ecology, Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, INDIA
Abstract: Mitochondrial DNA sequences have been used for molecular taxonomy in many fishes. The phylogenetic
relationship analysis of small cyprinid fish, Dawkinsia filamentosus group from southern Western Ghats was studies
using partial sequence of COI gene. Samples were collected from 4 species within Dawkinsia filamentosus group which
include Dawkinsia filamentosa, D. rohani, D. tambraparniei and D. exclamatio. DNA was isolated by Phenol Chloroform
method and PCR amplification was done with specific gene, followed by direct sequencing, analysis of nucleotide
variation and phylogenetic analysis. 543bp sized COI sequence was derived for phylogenetic analysis. Results show that
the neighbor-joining (NJ), maximum likelihood (ML) and maximum parsimony (MP) trees have similar topology. D.
rohani and D. exclamatio were closer to each other with 96% (NJ), 94% (ML) and 92% (MP) bootstrap values. The
pairwise genetic distance among the D. filamentosus group ranges from 0.017 - 0.069. The mitochondrial COI gene
reveals 42 polymorphic and 8 parsimony informative sites. Analysis of percentage of G-C content shows less variability
48
(41.5%-43.7%). The present study inferred that these species exhibit very close genetic similarity among the D. filamentosus
group.
Keywords: Dawkinsia, Mitochondrial DNA, COI, PCR, Molecular Phylogeny.
Diurnal Influence on mould Contamination of Air in Mud floor System of
Sheep Pen
A.Yasotha1, T.Sivakumar1 and M.Sundara Vinayaki2
1Department
of Livestock Production and Management, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai-600 007, INDIA
2Department Veterinary Physiology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai-600 007, INDIA
Abstract: A study was conducted to assess the level of mould contamination in the air of sheep pen and their influence
on Madras Red sheep under mud floor system of sheep house in an organized farm. Sixty five grams of Sabouraud
dextrose agar was suspended in one litre of distilled water and the final pH was adjusted to 5.6 ± 0.2. The suspension was
boiled to dissolve completely and autoclaved at 15 lb pressure per square inch for 15 minutes to sterilize the media.
Fifteen to twenty millilitre quantities of molten and cooled (45°C) agar was poured to each petridishes and allowed for
solidification. An airborne bacterial sampler (Casella Mk II) was used to collect air sample for microbial count. The
sampler was operated at the prescribed flow rate of 30 l/min over the concerned medium. All samples were taken from
the centre of the pen at 0.75 m above the floor level at 8 am and 2 pm. After the collection of samples, the petridishes
were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. At the end of 24 hours the numbers of colonies were counted by using Quebec
colony counter. The numbers of colonies were expressed as cfu/30 l of air. The mould count was not statistically differed
between the periods even though the count was higher in the morning (23.39 ± 1.80 cfu per 30 l of air) than in the
afternoon (22.50 ± 1.81cfu per 30 l of air) in mud floor.
Keywords: Diurnal, influence, contamination, system, sheep, pen.
Polymorphism in Polytene Chromosomes of Sarcophagid flies
U. R. Agrawal1, R.R.Tewari2 and S. Malviya2
1Department
of Zoology, CMP College, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, U.P., INDIA
of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, U.P., INDIA
2Department
Abstract: Chromosomal polymorphisms of one kind or other have been observed in population of many groups of
organisms and constitute one of the most interesting general phenomenon. The order Diptera is endowed with the presence
of giant polytene chromosomes which facilitates detection and description of chromosomal inversion/aberrations. Inversion
polymorphism is widespread in some members of the order Diptera especially in the genus Drosophila
(Family:Drosophilidae). Unlike the genus Drosophila the species of family Sarcophagidae, where several species have
been investigated so far, show very few inversions. Inversion polymorphisms in polytene chromosomes of Parasarcophaga
ruficornis and P.misera have been reported as early as in 1978. Then in 1988 a single paracentric inversion has been
reported only in Nepal polulation of Boettcherisca peregrina out of eight distant geographical populations. Later on a
few inversions were also reported in three species of the genus Sarcophaga, namely S.nathani, S.dux and S.peregrina.
Beside, these inversion polymorphisms puff asynchrony has also been found in polytene chromosomes of two species
Parasarcophaga.
Keywords: Polymorphism, polytene, chromosomes, sarcophagid, flies.
Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I Sequence based Phylogenetic relationships
among Calyptrate Dipterans
S. Malviya1, U.R. Agrawal2 and R.R.Tewari1
1Department
of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, UP, INDIA
2Department of Zoology, C.M.P. Degree College, Allahabad- 211002, UP, INDIA
Abstract: Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I (CO I) gene has been invariably used for phylogenetic studies because it is
characterized by highly conserved and variable regions, with different range of closely associated mutation rates.
Sequencing of COI gene has been used as marker to unravel genetic relatedness among the five calyptrate dipterans viz.,
Hemipyrellia pulchra (Weidemann), Lucilia cuprina (Weidemann), Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius), Musca
domestica (Linneaus) and Atherigona orientalis (Schiner). The sequences were aligned with Clustal X software and
Nucleotide ratio, variable and parsimony informative sites and nucleotide pairwise distances were calculated by MEGA
5 software. Average nucleotide pairwise distance ranges from 0.041 to 0.112 indicating close genetic relationships
49
among the five calyptrate dipterans. Phylogenetic trees derived from different methods group H. pulchra and L. cuprina
as a separate group of calliphorids along with C. megacephala while M. domestica and A. orientalis form another
lineage of muscids.
Keywords: Cytochrome, oxidase, phylogenetic, relationships, calyptrate, dipterans.
Impact of Toxicity of thiodon on Mortality of fresh water snail Viviparus
Bengalensis from Darana River in District Nashik, MS, India
Erande S.L. and Pagar J.T.*
Dept. of Zoology, K S K W Arts Science and Commerce College CIDCO, Nashik-422008, INDIA
Abstract: Pesticide has unique position among crop protecting chemicals. The Thiodon an organochloride pesticide has
ample application on account of its efficiency against a wide variety of insect pest. However on its entry into aquatic
bodies through runoff water, Possibilities of gross alterations in physio-chemical profile of water cannot be ruled out.
Blind used of pesticide bound to affect the non target organism like Viviparus bengalensis. In present study of Viviparus
bengalensis almost same size and weight were used. Snail was acclimatizedin glass aquarium for the period of five days
Pesticide like thiodon35 E.C. were used as toxicants. Mortality was assed at 24hrs, 48 hrs, 72hrs and 96 hrs. Median
lethal concentration of thiodon was observed at the dose of 11PPM, 7PPM, 5PPMand 3.5PPM respectively .The toxicity
of pesticide increased with increasing concentration and exposure period. . The significant role of thiodon in the
experimental animal is discussed and The results are correlated and corroborated with the findings of the earlier researchers
Keywords: Bioassay, Viviparus, bengalensis, thiodon.
Growth performance and Feed utilization of Indian major carps Cirrhinus
mrigala (Ham.) and Cyprinus carpio L. fed with Limonia acidissima L.
Ponnuraj Srinivasan1, Deivamarudachalam Teepica Priya Darsini1*, Vellingiri Maheshu1, Jaganathan Dinesh
Babu1, J Castro2 and Jagathala Mahalingam Sasikumar1
1Department
of Biotechnology, School of Life science, Karpagam University, Coimbatore-641 021, Tamilnadu, INDIA
Nadu Government Fisheries Development Corporation, Aliyar–642 101, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
2Tamil
Abstract: The effect of dietary Limonia acidissima L. fruit (LF) on the growth and feed utilization was investigated in
Cirrhinus mrigala and Cyprinus carpio. Mrigal fingerlings of about 5.30 ± 0.03 g and Carp fingerlings of about 3.50 ±
1.50 g were fed of diets, supplemented with three concentrations (1.5%, 3%, and 6%) of experimental diet for 60 days.
Survival, specific growth rate, feed conversion rate, feed efficiency and relative growth rate parameters were significantly
different (p < 0.05) and higher in both fishes fed with herbal diets than their respective control groups which did not have
any herbal supplement. The highest weight gain (50.91 ±0.39) and feed conversion ratio (0.64 ±0.03) of C. mrigala were
observed in 3% herbal meal diet and lowest in control. In addition, the highest weight gain (51.53 ±0.20) and feed
conversion ratio (0.42 ±0.005) of C. mrigala were observed in 30 g/kg (3%) herbal meal diet and lowest in control.
Protein efficiency ratio (4.05 ±0.03, 6.19 ±0.025) and specific growth rate (1.98 ±0.0, 1.98 ±0.01) for C. mrigala and C.
carpio respectively were higher in fishes fed with 3% herbal diet and lowest in control. The overall difference in parameters
between C. mrigala and C. carpio were significant (p < 0.05). These results reveal that an underutilized fruit of medicinal
plant Limonia acidissima L. (Vilampazham) enhance the growth and metabolic parameters of C. mrigala and C. carpio
fingerlings. Further studies on Immunological and hematological parameters would reveal the immunostimulant property
of the fruit.
Keywords: Feed utilization, Limonia acidissima L. fruit, growth promoter, feed conversion ratio, fresh water carps.
Sericulture in Human Welfare
Sudha Shrivastava
Zoology, Govt. Kalidas Girls College, Ujjain, MP, INDIA
Abstract: India is the second largest producer of raw silk In the world. This is because India has a largest domestic
market. For silk goods and about 85% of silk goods produced are sold in the domestic market. India also exports some
silk goods like fabrics, curtains cushions& carpets, readymade garments, made-ups, etc. Sericulture is a lifeline for many
families. It is a rural and labor oriented, agro based industry. 60,000 Indian. villagers are practicing it. Most of them are
in Southern states. According to International Silk Association the global silk needs would be about 95,000 tonnes
against the estimated production of 80,000 tonnes. That is why, Govt. of India decided to included Sericulture and allied
50
in activities’ in Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojna (Circular No. 3-22/2010-Rkvydated 11th June 2010 of ministry of agriculture,
New Delhi). This initiative will ensure for improvement of sericulture extension sys. Enhancement of soil health, pest
management, improving silkworm seeds and mechanization of the section. Present study has also been in favor of good
quality seed production because good seed will produce better result.
Keywords: Sericulture, human welfare.
Growth performance of a seaweed, Kappaphycusalvarezii under lined pond
conditionin Tharuvaikulam of Thoothukudi coast, South Eastof India
S. Athithan
Department of Coastal Aquaculture, Fisheries College & Research Institute, Tamilnadu Fisheries University Tharuvaikulam - 628
105, Thoothukudi District, Tamil Nadu, South INDIA
Abstract: The potential for using seaweed by rearing in floating bamboo cage moored at farm unit of Department of
Coastal Aquaculture, Tharuvaikulam village of Tamil Nadu coast, South East of Indiawas assessed under lined pond
conditions. A seaweed, Kappaphycusalvareziiwas grown for 35 days of cultivation in order to evaluate their growth
performancein lined pond. Young seaweeds with average weight of 150g was tied in each seeding twine and grown to an
average weight of 1350 g in 35 days with average wet weight gain of 1200g. A total wet weight of 235.200 kg / bamboo
cage (10 x 10 feet size)was obtained at the end of the 35 days. This result clearly indicates that floatingbamboo cage has
considerable potential for the cultivation of seaweed in lined ponds, but, requires the careful management of nutrient
inputs supply in to the cultivation ponds.
Keywords: Seaweed, growth, performance, lined, pond, condition.
Larvicidal activity of Elytrariaacaulis (l.f) against Mosquito Vector
Aedesaegypti
Mary Fabiola1 and M. Muthusamy2
1Department
2PG
of Zoology Nirmala college for women (autonomous), Coimbatore- 641018, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
and Research Department of Zoology, Government Arts college, Coimbatore-641018, TamilNadu, INDIA
Abstract: Mosquitoes transmit serious human diseases, causing millions of deaths every year. Use of synthetic insecticides
to control vector mosquitoes has caused physiological resistance and adverse environmental effects in additional to high
operational cost. Insecticides of botanical origin may serve as suitable alternative biocontrol techniques in the future. An
attempt was made in the present study to analyse the larvicidal effect of the leaf extract of a vastly grown(in the hilly
regions of Thiruvannamalai district) medicinal plant, Elytrariaacaulison Aedesaegypti. The larval mortality of third
instar larvae of Aedesaegyptiafter different hours (3, 6, 12, 24 and 48hrs) were observed separately in control and
different concentration (7.8 to 1000ppm) of ethyl acetate extracts of the leaves of E.acaulis. Based on the results after 24
and 48 hrs exposure the highest percent mortality (100%) was observed in 250 and 125ppm respectively. However all
the test concentration significantly increased the mortality rate than the control. These results clearly reveal that the ethyl
acetate extract of E. acaulisserved as a potential larvicide against A. aegypti.
Keywords: Larvicidal activity, aedesegypti, elytrariaacaulis and ethyl acetate extract.
Maheshwar Tehsil in Relation to Awarerness status of Fishermen
Shail Joshi and Ravindra Rawal*
*Govt. P.G. College Khargone, MP, INDIA
Abstract: This study was done to assess fundamental status of fishermen during the year from Jan- 2012 to Dec. 2012
and the result found that data of fishermen population involved in fishing and the total population of the villagers in the
Maheshwar tehsil of Khargone district, ranges from Jalkoti to Katargaon and it was found that distribution of total
fisherfolks 290 and the number of fisherfolk household highest in Maheshwar and Mandleshwar respectively and minimum
in Jalkoti still the fishermen are using traditional methods of fishing i.e. Riverine fishing, but the things now changed
from flowing lotic water to stagnant lantic water source. Fishermen generally come under low socio-economic stratum of
society and their profession regarding as cheapest mean of all trades of profession, Because they are lacking of real
fisheries training Thus they require basic course through scientific technique and their utilization and conservation of
water resource. Thus to create a general awareness in fisheries potential in regards of resource conservation and utilization
farming system.
Keywords: Annual income, Fishermenseducation,Livelihood status.
51
Pathological changes in target organs of broilers exposed to aflatoxin:
Protective role of Ecliptaalba
UmayaSuganthi R.1*, Manpal Sridhar1 and Krishnamoorthy P.2
1National
Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore 560 030, Karnataka, INDIA
2Project Directorate on Animal Disease Monitoring and Surveillance, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, INDIA
Abstract: Contamination of poultry feeds by aflatoxins pose a major threat to health and productivity of poultry when
consumed. The target organs of aflatoxin are liver, kidney and immune system and induce biochemical and pathological
changes. The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential of Ecliptaalba leaves to prevent the histopathological
changes induced by aflatoxin in broilers. Day old chicks were divided into four groups Group 1: control, fed with basal
diet; Group 2: basal diet with Eclipta alba (EA, 1.0%); Group 3:1.0 ppm aflatoxin (AF); Group 4: AF with EA (1.0%),
having four replicates per treatment with five birds in each replicate. After 42 days of experimental period, liver and
kidney were collected and histopathological changes were studied. The results indicated vacuolar degeneration, bile
duct hyperplasia and focal infiltration of mononuclear cells in hepatocytes and vacuolations in the glomerular tuft and
tubular damage in kidney of birds fed only aflatoxin. Such changes were reduced and mild in birds supplemented with
E.alba. Birds fed basal diet and basal diet with E.alba showed normal architecture of liver and kidney. The decline in the
severity of the pathological changes by E.alba indicates its efficacy in reducing the toxic effects of aflatoxin.
Keywords: Aflatoxin; broilers; E.alba; histopathological changes.
Effect of different dietary protein levels of cyclop-eeze meal on growth and
survival of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone 1931)
Bhanu Prakash. Ch and T.K. Ghosh
Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, W.B.U.A.F. S, Kolkata- 94, INDIA
Abstract: Cyclop-eeze (CE) meal of different protein levels (25%, 30% and 35%) were used in the experiment. The
experiments were conducted for 56 days in aquaria. Triplicates were maintained for each of the treatment. Feed was
given three times a day @ 5% of body weight. The growth performance of L. vannamei was found to be best when fed
with diet CE30 (7.75gm). Specific growth rate was highest (1.863) in shrimps fed with diet CE30. Survival rates were
best in shrimps fed on CE30, which showed 75% survival rate at the end of the experiment. The shrimps fed on CE30
diet showed the best FCR of 3.34. Water quality parameters remained stable throughout the experimental period. The
present study suggests that, during the juvenile stages of L. vannamei culture, use of Cyclop-eeze meal improved the
survival rate, showing good growth, with less FCR.
Keywords: Cyclop eeze meal, Litopenaeus vannamei, Growth, Survival.
ISCA Publish
Research Journal of Animal, Veterinary
and Fishery Sciences
ISSN No.: 2320-6535
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•
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www.isca.in
www.isca.me
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ISCA-ISC-2013-3BS-01
Evaluation of Phytoextracts for the Management of Garlic (Allium Sativum l)
Bulb Fungal Pathogens
N.M. Ghangaonkar
Department of Botany, C.T. Bora College Shirur Ghodnadi, Pune MS, INDIA
Abstract: For studying the biocontrol of garlic (Allium sativum L.) bulbs fungal pathogens total thirty 10% aqueous leaf
extracts from different plants were tested against eight main bulb deteriorating fungi associated with soft neck garlic
varieties like silver white and silver rose. In general all the leaf extracts proved to be inhibitory more or less to the growth
of fungi. In particular Botrytis alli was significantly inhibited by leaf extract of Vinca rosea similarly, Macrophomina
phaseolina growth was suppressed by Rannanculus asiaticus, phyllanthus emblica and Adathoda zeyalanica. The plants
like Callastemon rigidus,Lantana camera,and Asparagus resimosus were proved inhibitory to Stemphyllum botryosum
and Penicillium notatum. The growth of Alternaria porri, Penicillium notatum and Macrophomina phaseolina could be
controlled by leaf extracts of Caletropis prosera and osmium sanctum. Only Tinospora cordifolia can inhibit growth of
Cladosporium alli. Some fungi show resistance to leaf extracts and do not get affected much by it. Botrytis alli and
Macropomina phaseolina do not show inhibition due to Parthenium hysterophorus and vinca rosea respectively and
Azadirachta indica do not have impact on Fusarium oxysporum and Stemphyllium botryosum. In the same way Alternaria
porri and Aspergillus niger were least affected Euphobia hirta and Tagetus erecta respectively.
Keywords: Biocontrol, garlic, fungal pathogens, leaf extracts.
Systematic Account of Rivulariaceae from Water Reservoir of Dhule District
Maharashtra, India
D.S. Jain1 and Kumavat M.R.2
1Gangamai
Education Trust’s, Arts, Comm., and Science College Nagaon, Dist. Dhule MS, INDIA
2S.S.V.P.S. Dr. P.R. Ghogrey Science College Dhule, MS, INDIA
Abstract: Studies on Cyanobacteria (BGA) have gained much importance particularly used as biofertilizer, in the process
of biological nitrogen fixation, organic matter input through photosynthesis and ability to release phosphate and trace
element from insoluble mineral. Systematic account on Rivulariceae from water reservoir of Dhule district is one of the
important aspects that need extensive investigation of using native cyanobacterial application in biofertilizer, bimonitors
of soil fertility, water quality, soil conditioner and environmental management. The present study of systematic account
of family Rivulariaceae from Sonvad water reservoir and Devbhane water reservoir of Dhule district was done. The algal
and water samples were collected monthly interval for two years. The Physico-chemical analysis of water samples from
study area was carried out by standard method of APHA (1975) for study 19 Physico-chemical parameters were used.
Algal samples identified using standard taxonomic monographs (Desikachary, 1959). In the present investigation 12
species of 3 genera were recorded first time in study area. Out of 12 species 2 species are non-heterocystous and 10
species are heterocystous of family Rivulariaceae.
Keywords: Dhule, Rivulariaceae, Taxonomy, Water reservoir.
Studies on Diversity in Ethno-Medicinal plants, Traditionaly used by Tribals of
Nashik Disrtict to cure Snake and Scorpion bite
D.N. Khairnar and C.B. Shinde
Dept. of Botany, K.A.A.N.M.S., Arts, Commerce and Science College Satana, Maharashtra, INDIA
Abstract: The kokana, Bhil, Thakur, Warali, Katkari and Mahadeo Koli tribals reside in Nashik district of Maharashtra.
The field trips in these areas were carried out in August to November 2011. The ethnomedicinal study revealed use of 15
plant species belonging to different families to cure snake and scorpion bite as antidotes. The method of preparation of
crude drugs uses and their application along with the scientific and local names of the plants is given. The knowledge on
the ethnomedicinal uses of the tribals can help to discover new drugs to cure as antidote provided the data given is
scientifically evaluated.
Keywords: Diversity in plant species, Tribals of Nashik district. Ethnomedicine.
53
Oogenesis in Eudichogaster Kinneari (Oligochaeta; Annelida):
Histological and Histochemical profile
Leena Lakhani
Govt. Girls PG College Ujjain, MP, INDIA
Abstract: Among the annelids sexes are generally separate in polychaetes but oligochaetes are fundamentally
hermaphrodite though slightly protogynous. The clitellates have evolved a complex reproductive morphology and a
repertoire of accessory glandular structures in keeping with their hermaphrodite nature and diverse habits. As oligochaetes
are hermaphrodite with separate ovaries and testes, they exhibit an annual reproductive cycle with the gonads maturing
in early rainy season, regressing later in the year and maturing again the following early rainy season. In invertebrates,
reproductive cycles have been determined on the basis of gonad indices, spawning potential, oocyte diameter frequency,
appearance of mature gametes in gonads, the brooding of eggs etc. Four succeeding stages in the Oogenesis were
distinguished in Eudichogaster kinneari, based on shape, size and organization of oocytes. These are undifferentiated,
differentiated, previtellogenic and vitellogenic oocytes, as revealed by several histological and histochemical techniques.
Keywords: Earthworm, Reproduction, Hermaphrodite, Oogenesis, Histology, Histochemistry.
Values of WBC during Reproductive Cycle in Megachiropteran Bat Rousettus
Leschenaulti (Desmerest)
M. M. Bhatkulkar1 and A. M. Watkar2
1Dep’t
2Dep’t
of Zoology, J. N. College, Wadi, Nagpur, Maharashtra, INDIA
of Zoology, Bhalerao Science College, Saoner, Dist. Nagpur, Maharashtra, INDIA
Abstract: The white blood corpuscles circulate throughout the body and tissues providing protection against foreign
organisms and matter. These cells are highly mobile, could squeeze through the pores in the capillaries and move into the
tissues. When a foreign organism / antigen enters the body, chemical substances are released that stimulate the white
cells and cause them to be attracted to the area of invasion. Their fundamental job is to provide defence against bacteria,
fungus, parasites, viruses and cancer. In the present work leukocyte count was found to be variable according to the
reproductive status of the male and female. Thus the average mean white cell counts for the females were (4,700 –
9,000mm³) and for the male (7,000 – 16,500mm³).
Keywords: Rousettus leschenaulti, WBC, blood, reproductive cycle.
Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Biotechnological activities of
Silver Nanoparticles from Nocardiopsis Dassonvillei and Nocardiopsis
Metallicus
Manoj Kumar S., Ranjith Kumar V., Silambarasan P. and Subbaiya R.
Department of Biotechnology, K.S. Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode, TN, INDIA
Abstract: Nanotechnology has now started to develop a new route to change our lives. Nano materials are now employed
for the production of efficient alternative energy sources like solar and fuel cells. Among this silver nanoparticles are
known for their various applications in the field of biotechnology. Silver nanoparticles are having many biomedical
applications due to its excellent biocompatibility and antibacterial properties. Most of the natural process also takes
place in the nanometre scale regime. The effective synthesis of nanomaterial is by means of biotechnological synthesis.
Here the organism used for synthesis of silver nanoparticle is Nocardiopsis sp. The organism are isolated from soil
sample obtained from seashore of Rameswaram at 15cm depth, the isolated organism are sequenced by 16srRNA
technology and identified using BLAST tool. The nanoparticles were synthesised by inoculating the culture in different
concentration of silver nitrate as 1mM, 2mM, 3mM under standard condition. The nanoparticle production of Nocardiopsis
sp. was determined by using UV spectrophotometer analysis and optimum concentrations are identified. The silver
nanoparticle synthesis was detected by change in colour from white colour to brown colour and observed at the wavelength
of 420nm. The sizes of nanoparticles are characterized by using TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy), Particle
Size Analyser, FTIR analysis.
Keywords: Nanoparticles, Nocardiopsis sp, BLAST, Silver nitrate, TEM, FTIR.
54
Smoking habits and Lung Cancer in Southern Assam, India
Arif Uddin and Munish Kumar
Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, INDIA
Abstract: Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer related mortality worldwide. Although it is ranked 5 when
compared with other cancer prevalence, the mortality rate is significantly high. India constitutes 6.2% of all cancers with
approximately 58,000 incident cases reported in 2008 and is the most frequent cancer in males. North-Eastern (NE)
region has shown significant rise in cancer incidences and in particular lung cancer. Lung Cancer (LC) development is
mainly attributed to life style choices, particularly tobacco smoking and is the leading cause of cancer related mortality
worldwide. Lung cancer incidence is very high in Southern Assam of North-East India and ranked 3rd according to
Cachar Cancer Hospital statistics. Majority of lung cancer develop in people who are chain smoker (3-5 pack per day).
We have collected the data of lung cancer in different parts of Southern Assam through details questionnaires and found
91.30% of smoker develops lung cancer. The percentage of chewing of tobacco/betelnut is 39.13%, alcohol consumption
is 21.73% and in combination of smoking + chewing of tobacco/betelnut is 56.52% and smoking+ chewing of tobacco/
betelnut+Alcohol consumption is 17.39%. The incidence of lung cancer in male 73.91% and 26.08% in female. Among
different types of lung cancer, highest percentage is of Squamous cell carcinoma is 39.13% then adenocarcinoma 26.08%
, then small cell carcinoma 17.39%, then mixed tumour of lung 13.04 and large cell carcinoma 4.04%.Incidence rate of
BPL family is 78.26 % and APL family is 21.73% .
Keywords: Lung Cancer, tobacco smoking, Southern Assam.
Effect of three Commonly Used Insecticides on Histomorphology and
Histochemistry of Ovary of Earthworm Eudichogaster Kinneari
(Stephenson)
Leena Lakhani
Govt. Girls P.G. College, Ujjain, INDIA
Abstract: Earthworms are “Old friends of farmers” because they are “intestines of the earth” as they are very important
soil organisms. They are major decomposers of dead and decomposing organic matter and make major contribution to
recycling the nutrients it contains. They maintain physical soil characteristics and enhance plant growth. When
agrochemicals are used in agriculture, these chemicals persists in soil and ultimately effect on soil dwelling animals such
as earthworms and other beneficial organisms. This chemical affects the growth, brain and reproductive organs of
earthworms. Therefore present study is aimed to study the effects of insecticides on ovary of earthworms. Eudichogaster
kinneari were exposed to 0.6 ppm concentration of Diamethoate, 0.5 ppm concentration of Azodrin and 0.003 ppm
concentration of Thiodan for 20 days to evaluate profound changes in the histomorphology and histochemistry of ovary
by adding vacuolization due to congregation of ooplasm and nucleoplasm, irregular thickened cell boundary of oolema
and nucleolemma ,uneven stain were seen in whole structure , deterioration of ooplasm and nucleoplasm and ultimately
destruction of cellular architecture of all stages of oocytes showed atrophied condition. Decreased intensity with
histochemical reactions and reduced diameter of all stages of oocytes (P<0.001) were noticed. The intensity of deterioration
in histomorphology and histochemistry were observed more toxic in Thiodan>Azodrin>Diamethoate respectively.
Keywords: Eudichogaster kinneari, Ovary, Insecticide, Histology, Histochemistry.
Evaluation of changes in oxidative stress marker and protease activity in wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.) Seedlings in response to carbendazim fungiside
Bafna Angoorbala and Rangwala Tasneem
Department of Biochemistry, Govt. Holkar Science College, Indore, INDIA
Abstract: Fungicides are pesticides that are used for preventing fungal diseases which results in yield loss. Whether
fungicide can exert some harmful effect by inducing oxidative stress apart from enhancing growth is a matter of conern.
So the present study was undertaken with the objective of knowing the effect of fungicide on growth parameters like root
and shoot length and also to know about oxidative stress which is caused due to presence of fungicide in terms of
malondialdehyde (MDA) and peroxidase activity. Activity of one more enzyme alkaline protease was assayed to know
the possible reason for enhancement of growth of seedlings. Fungicide used was carbendazim having trade name bavistin
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and study was conducted using wheat seedling. All the parameters were estimated using seven days old seedlings of
wheat. The results showed that growth parameters i.e. root and shoot length get increased due to presence of fungicide.
Activity of alkaline protease was also found to be increased which may favour growth of seedlings. MDA and peroxidase
activity was also found to be increased which indicates increase in oxidative stress. Maximum increase in root length
(82.98%) and shoot length (47.52%) was obtained at 1500 mg/L concentration of fungicide. Maximum increase in
alkaline protease activity (152%), MDA (50%) and peroxidase (11.40%) was found at 2500 mg/L concentration of
fungicide. The growth parameters were found to be positively correlated with oxidative stress parameters. It was concluded
from the present study that presence of fungicide enhances the growth of seedlings but it also induces oxidative stress in
seedlings which could be harmful for the plants. So fungicides should be used in limited amount or instead of using
chemical fungicide, biological fungicides should be used.
Keywords: Evaluation, oxidative, stress, marker, protease, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), seedlings, carbendazim fungiside
Distribution, Abundance and Species Diversity of Copepods in Dandi creek,
West Coast of India
Kadam Surendra S.1 and Tiwari Lalchand R.2
1N.B.
Mehta Science college-Bordi Dist.-Thane, Pin-401701, MS, INDIA
2Maharshi Dayanand College Parel, Mumbai-400012, MS, INDIA
Abstract: Copepods are small crustaceans that comprise their own taxonomic class, the Copepoda. There are over 7,500
identified species of copepods; although the majority of these are found in marine habitats, freshwater and even terrestrial
(i.e., moist soil-associated) forms occur as well. Free living species are perhaps most familiar, but there are also many
highly specialized parasitic copepods. Total five stations were selected for collection of copepods out of that 3 stations
were within the creek and 2 stations were in offshore region. The copepod population at station-1 ranged between
251288.62 to 682524.75/ 100m3 (average 426379.47/100m3), at station -2 ranged of 174954.96 to 557451.75 / 100m3
(average 340168.89 /100m3), at station-3 ranged between 138309.25 to 646256.57/ 100m3 (Average 311201.68/100m3),
at station-4 it was ranged between 103288.05 to 35884289 / 100m3 (average 211087.93 /100m3) and at station-5 was in
the range of 39319.9 to 295568.89 / 100m3 (average 157238.675 /100m3). Species composition of copepods was evaluated
based on analyses of sample from station 1 and 5, representing the outer and interior zone respectively. A total of 61
species belonging to the 20 genera and 11 families at station-1 and 48 species belong to 15 genera and 8 families at
station- 5.Cyclopoida and Harpacticaida formed a major part of the copepod community while Calanoida became the
most dominant group respectively.
Keywords: Copepods, Dandi Creek, Thane, West Coast, Maharashtra.
Triterpenes from Eupatorium odoratum Linnas anti- Candida agent
Anju R. Unnithan., SonaliPatil, GeethaUnnikrishnan
Department of Biotechnology, Birla College of Arts Science and Commerce, Thane, Maharashtra, INDIA
Abstract: Candida albicans is a common opportunistic pathogen causing invasive fungal infections in
immunocompromised patients. Toxicity and expensive nature of present anti-Candida agents necessitates the search for
novel naturally derived antifungal formulations. In the present study hydro-ethanolic leaf extracts of a common weed
Eupatorium odoratumwas screened for anti- Candida activity by agar-well diffusion method. The extract showed
significant activity against a standard strain of Candida albicanswithminimum inhibitory concentration in the range of
10mg/ml – 100mg/ml.Bioassay oriented fractionization of the hydro-ethanolic extractwas performedby solvent
partitioningmethod. Among the four different solvent fractions significant anti-Candida activity was found in n-butanol
fraction. Triterpenes were separated by HPTLC and identified by y GC- MS analysis. The results suggest that Eupatorium
odoratum leaf extracts could serve as a source of compounds to formulate herbal medicines against Candida infections.
Keywords: Candida albicans, Eupatorium odoratumLinn, anti-Candida activity, Triterpenes, n-butanol fraction, HPTLC,
GC-MS.
Isolation and Characterization of Biofilm Producing Bacteria from Arabian Sea
Nisha P.1 and M. Thangavel2
1Dept
2Dept
of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, S.S.V. College, Kerala, INDIA
of Microbiology, Sree Narayana Guru College, Chavady, TN, INDIA
Abstract: Over recent years many studies have been carried out to investigate the occurrence of the novel microbial
56
bioactive compounds.Biofilms can produced by microbial species and having fascinating industrial applications. In this
present study, water samples from ‘ARABIAN SEA’ , isolated organisms were screened for biofilm formation. Potent
biofilm producer was identified as Halomonas sp (MP) by morphological and biochemical characteristics based on
Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology, and also by sequencing. Antibacterial activity of pigment extracted from
MP was done by disc diffusion method with some pathogenic organisms. The EPS produced in different environmental
factors like incubation temperature 270C and 370C, pH 6, 7 and 8 and in incubation time 24hr, 48hr,72hr and 96 hr.
Maximum EPS production was at pH 7, 370C and at 96 hr of incubation time. EPS supernatant and Dry EPS produced in
each parameters, quantified by total carbohydrate and total protein). The anti microbial activity of the EPS was also
studied and characterized the pigment and EPS.
Keywords: EPS. Micrococcus, Biofilm, Antibacterial activity, Pigment.
Construction of Phylogenetic Tree of Calcium Transport Genes
K.Ashok Kumar and J.Naveena Lavanya Latha
Dept. of Biotechnology, Krishna University, Machilipatnam, INDIA
Abstract: Calcium is required for growth of all the living organisms yet can be toxic if cytosolic levels rise much above
0.1 ì M . Dozens of genes encode proteins involved in calcium signaling and transport. In filamentous fungi, calcium has
been proposed to play a key role in regulating growth at the hyphal tip and intracellular signaling. However, little is
known about how calcium is sequestered in filamentous fungi or about the transporters that maintain calcium homeostasis.
Recent investigations with Neurospora using cell fractionation experiments showed 4% of cellular calcium in mitochondria,
approximately 11% in a dense vacuolar fraction, 40% in an insoluble form that copurifies with microsomes. Analysis of
the genomes of filamentous fungi indicates that these organisms have a larger repertoire of calcium transport proteins
than S. cerevisiae. N. crassa has four putative P-type ATPases that function as calcium pumps. Investigations on calcium
transpoter genes also proved the cellular locations of these transport proteins by generating fusion proteins with green
fluorescent proteins (GFPs) and/or red fluorescent proteins (RFPs). Many fungi belonging to same species live in varies
environment like fresh water, marine water and terrestrial it is interesting to study how the organisms are adapting to
various environments, and what are the changes in the gene and protein sequences relating to their function. In the
present study, we focused on identifying the homology of calcium transport genes in different classes of fungi growing in
varied environmental conditions. Further we, are interested to develop the knock outs of the same in the model filamentous
fungus Neurospora crassa
Keywords: Construction, phylogenetic tree, calcium transport genes.
Extraction and Activity studies of Industrially Important Enzymes from
Marine Fusarium species
Suseela Lanka, J. Naveena Lavanya Latha.
Department of Biotechnology, Krishna University, Machilipatnam, AP, INDIA
Abstract: The Industrial application of microbial enzymes to large-scale organic synthesis is currently attracting much
attention, and has been uniquely developed especially in Japan. The discovery of new microbial enzymes through extensive
and persistent screening has brought about many new and simple routes for synthetic processes. The application of these
enzymes in so-called hybrid processes’ of enzymatic and chemical reactions, provide one possible way to solve
environmental problems. The current study is aimed at isolating a potential enzyme producing fungal strain from marine
water. Of the several strains isolated, one that showed highest activity was picked and it was used for further studies. The
fungal strain isolated was identified as Fusarium spp and on the basis of clearance zone on the specific media the fungal
spp was found to produce multiple Industrially important enzymes i.e. proteases, amylases and lipases. Then it was
selected for further studies to estimate the enzyme activity and better amylase activity was identified.
Keywords: Fusarium spp, Protease, Amylase, Lipase, Enzyme activity.
Seasonal variation in Biological Water Quality in ecological segments of
River Yamuna, India
Mamta Rani, and H.S. Bhamrah
Department of Zoology, MMH College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA
Abstract: The River Yamuna is divided into five segments due to characteristic ecological segments. Present study
57
reveals the status of water quality of River Yamuna from 2009 to 2011. The maximum flow velocity of 0.9 m/s was
observed in himalayan segment followed by eutrophicated segment (0.622m/s)and upper segment(0.6m/s) and minimum
flow velocity was observed from diluted segment (.04m/s)and there was no flow velocity in River Yamuna in Delhi
segment. A comparative study on biological water quality in ecological segment of River Yamuna the water quality
improved from slight pollution to clean pollution in himalayan segment during 2011. In upper segment the biological
water quality of River Yamuna changed from moderate pollution to slight pollution during 2011and moderate pollution
observed in Delhi segment, Eutrophicated segment and Diluted segment. Arthopods dominated by 87.5% and rest 12.5%
by the molluscs in himalayan segment of River Yamuna. Arthopods communities reduced to 62.5% and molluscs, annilida
and platyhelminthes 12.5% were equally distributed in Upper segment and Eutrophicated segment. Arthopods communities
again reduced to 60% and molluscs and annilids also contributed 20% each to Delhi segment of River Yamuna. In
Diluted segment, arthopods communit increased 83.3% and molluscs 16.5% were observed in River Yamuna.
Keywords: Benthic macro-invertebrates, Water quality, Ecological segment.
Genotypic Analysis of ESBLs among Extraintestinal isolates of Enterobacter
cloacae Recovered from Patients with CAUTI, Hila-Iraq
Hussein Oleiwi Muttaleb Al-Dahmoshi
Biology Department, Babylon University, Science Faculty, Hilla City, IRAQ
Abstract: Enterobacter cloaca is important nosocomial pathogens responsible for various infections including catheter
associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) and lower respiratory tract infections.It can be assigned to one of main four
phylogenetic groups including intestinal (A and B1) groups and extraintestinal (B2 and D) groups. Many ESBLs can be
found in E. cloacae like blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaSHV and blaOXA.It was also have the ability to form biofilm and rendering
them resistant to antimicrobials and host defenses.Uriscan test (using urine strip) was used to detect pyuria among urine
samples. All samples were cultured on routine culture medium and the suspected isolates confirmed with automated
diagnosis with Viteck 2 Compact system and then by conventional PCR for 16s gene for E. cloacae. The confirmed E.
cloacae isolates investigated genotepically to identify the phylogenetic group and only extraintestinal E. cloacae isolates
will screened for ESBLs phenotypes (using DDST) and the confirmed by genotypic assessments for ESBLs
production.Among 120 urine samples only 53(44.16%) of samples positive for culture (Bacteriuria) among which 7
(13.20%) isolates (from different urine samples), were phenotypically and genotepically identified as E. cloacae.Five
isolates of E. cloacae were biofilm former. The results of phylogenetic analysis revealed that only two isolates belong to
intestinal phylogenetic groups (group A and B1) while the rest, five isolates, belongs to extraintestinal groups (four
isolates belong to group B2 and single isolates belong to group D). The phenotypic investigation of ESBLs display that,
two isolates were negative for of ESBLs while five isolates were positive. The genotypic investigation of ESBLs results
revealed that (3/7) E. cloacae isolates carrying blaTEM , blaSHV, blaCTX-M genes. Although E. cloacae was intestinal
opportunistic pathogen, but can cause serious extraintestinal infections like CAUTI which may be still untreatable due to
their possessing of differ types of ESBLs like blaTEM , blaSHV, blaCTX-M.
Keywords: E. cloacae, Phylogeny, Pyuria, Biofilm, ESBLS.
Indigenous uses of medicinal plants in North Garo Hills, Meghalaya, NE India
Sharma M.*, Sharma C.L. and Marak P.N.
Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli, AP, INDIA
Abstract: The present studywas carried out to highlight the indigenous uses of medicinal plants by Garo tribe in North
Garo Hills, Meghalaya. Information on medicinal plants was gathered from villagers and traditional healers (Ojhas). The
present study documented 66 medicinal plants belonging to 61 genera and 40 families along with their local names,
family names, habit, plant parts used and medicinal uses. Trees were the main sources of medicinal plants followed by
shrubs, climbers and herbs. The recorded plant species were used for common ailments like headache, gastro-intestinal
problems, cold, cough and fever, jaundice, skin diseases, blood pressure and epilepsy etc. Bark and leaves were mostly
used plant parts for curing diseases, followed by roots, fruits and seeds. The recorded plants were consumed orally in the
form of juice or decoction. It was also observed that knowledge of medicinal plants was confined only to older people
and ‘ojhas’ and source of extraction of these valuable resources were nearby forests.
Keywords: Garo tribe, medicinal plants, indigenous uses, bark, trees.
58
The effect of Zn and Pb acute exposure on some Biochemical markers in Fresh
Water Clam (Corbiculafluminea)
Ayad M.J. Almamoori1, Jasim M. Salman1 and A. Randall Hughes2
1College
of science, University of Babylon, IRAQ
State University, U.S.A.
2Florida
Abstract: Biochemical markers (Total protein, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Acetylcholinesterase, and Metallothioneins) induced
by acute exposure of Znandpb in Fresh Water Clam (Corbiculafluminea) to show their response against these metals.
These makers in Clam sp. showed different significance response according to Zn acute exposure. So increased and
decreased as reaction against acute exposure, The same trend adapted from biomarkers after pb acute exposure in snail
sp. while the different response was appeared from these biomarkers after interaction acute exposure.
Keywords: Biochemical Markers, heavy metals, acute exposure, Molluscs, Fresh water snail.
The Effects ofRed light exposure and Toxocara canisInfection on the Levels
Hormonal Peripherial Blood of Albino Rat
Alaa Tareq Shakir Al-Hassnawi and Maher Ali Al-Quraishi
Biology Depatrment College of Science, Babylon University Summary, IRAQ
Abstract: In this present investigation, it is hypothesized that red light 654 nm or Toxocarainfection can regulate or
modulate melatonin, LH, FSH and testosterone and correlation between them. To examine these effects, and test our
hypothesis the albino male rats are subdivided into five groups these were, control negative, positive group (2000 of
larval egg stage), red negative, red positive group and positive blindness group. The present study showed the significant
differences in melatonin level in types and time of T.canis infection and red light exposure and intercept between them
(F=12.357, P=0.05, F=4.247,P<0.001). Red light exposure and T.canis infection also showed significant differences in
testosterone level as compared with control (3.3ng/ml) by using LSD for time and type and intercept between them were
decrease significantly in 12 hour and 3 day after red light exposure (1.56 and1.63 ng/ml respectively). Also, decrease in
blindness group in 3,12 hours after T.canis infection (1.66 and 1.83 ng/ml) whereas increase in red and control positive
group after 6 hour (4.26 ng/ml) and 3 day (4.63ng/ml) respectively. The FSH level showed significant differences between
time *type of stress (F=24428, P< 0.001) whereas the time don’t showed any significant differences. The FSH level
revealed significant differences in red positive group where reach 5.63 and 4.56 mIU/ml in 7 and 56 day after T.caniswith
red light exposure, also blindness in 3 day increase significantly (3.66 mIU/ml) as compare with control negative group.
There were significant differences in LH level between types of groups as compared with control negative group especially
in red negative group and blindness positive group.
Keywords: Red light, exposure, Toxocara canis, Infection, Levels, Hormonal, Peripherial, Blood, Albino Rat
Optimization of Cypermethrin degradation by bacterial cultures isolated from
soil
Oly Roy and Usha M.S.*
Department of Microbiology, Centre for P.G. Studies, 18/3, 9th Cross, 3rd Block, Jayanagar, Jain University, Bangalore, INDIA
Abstract: Agricultural soils which were enriched with pesticides were collected for isolation of bacteria capable of
degrading cypermethrin, a Pyrethroid insecticide. One gram of soil samples were inoculated into 100 ml of mineral salts
medium with pH 7 containing 1% cypermethrin pesticide as sole source of carbon for isolation of cypermethrin degrading
bacteria. Flasks were kept for incubation under static condition at 37°C for 90 days. Enrichment of the cultures was
carried out with intermittent addition of pesticide. By the end of 90 days pure cultures of bacteria were obtained by
streaking the samples on mineral salts agar medium containing 1% pesticide. Pure cultures were maintained on the
mineral salts agar medium. Screening for degradation efficiencies of the bacterial culture were carried out by inoculating
a loopful of each culture to fresh medium with 1% pesticide. Colorimetric reading at 600 nm was taken every 24 hours
up to seven days and percent degradation of pesticide was estimated by measuring cypermethrin concentration at 595
nm. Out of 64 bacteria isolated from 32 samples, strain JUO17b and JUO20a showed more efficiency in degrading
cypermethrin pesticide compared to other strains. Strain JUO17b showed 89% degradation and strain JUO20a showed
78% degradation of cypermethrin by the end of 7 days. Optimization of pesticide degradation by the same cultures was
carried out using various parameters. Both the strains showed optimum degradation of pesticide at a temperature of
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35°C, pH 7, shaking condition of 150 rpm and inoculum concentration of 2 ml and pesticide concentration of 2% in
presence of 100 mg/l each of glucose and yeast extract over a period of 24 hrs. Under optimized condition strain JUO17b
could show 100% degradation of cypermethrin, whereas strain JUO20a showed 92% degradation of cypermethrin.
Further strain JUO17b was identified as Enterobacter cloacae based on 16s rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic tree
analysis.
Keywords: Cypermethrin degradation, optimization, bacteria.
Bioprospecting Saphrophytic Fungal Metabolites as the Bioherbicidal Agent
Against the major Aquatic weed Eichhornia crassipes
A. Aruna and S. Karthick Raja Namasivayam*
Department of Biotechnology, Sathyabama University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: Considering the increasing awareness of herbicide, restriction of the usage, novel compounds from
microorganism may provide new chemistries for weeds that may otherwise be difficult to control. The use of microbially
derived compounds commonly called as bioherbicides will be definitely an alternative to reduce the use of chemical
herbicide. The important bioherbicides involved in weed control is based on a living organism and their metabolites such
as fungi and bacteria. In the present study,saphrophytic fungal metabolites evaluated for herbicidal activity against major
aquatic weed Eichhornia crassipes.A total of 76 fungal isolates belong to six fungal species were isolated by soil dilution
method and the isolated fungi were grown in liquid media under optimum condition, the collected filtrate extracted with
organic solvents, concentrated and partially purified using silica gel column. Partially purified extracts were tested for
herbicidal activity adopting detached leaf necrosis assay.Among the fungal extracts, ethyl acetate extract of Fusarium
oxysporum and Phoma sp revealed distinct herbicidal activity with 0.4 and 0.7cm of necrotic lesions.Herbicidal activity
was not affected in high temperature. Further study will be helpful for identification,mass production,formulation and
field application of fungal metabolite to control economic important weeds.
Keywords: Bioprospecting, saphrophytic, fungal, metabolites, bioherbicidal, agent, aquatic weed Eichhornia crassipe
Evaluation of Pesticidal activity of Plant lectin against major Groundnut
Defoliator Spodoptera litura (Fab) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
R.S. Arvind Bharani, S. Karthick Raja Namasivayam and Robin Edward Shinu
Department of Biotechnology, Sathyabama University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea, L.) (Fam.: Leguminaceae) is an important oil seed crop in India and the edible
oil economy of the country primarily depends upon the groundnut production. Among the various biological constraints,
insect pests mainly lepidopteron defoliators play a major role. Spodoptera litura (Fab) (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) is the
serious pest widely distributed in various part of the world. Management of the pest using synthetic pesticides leads to
various hazards. Biopesticides based on plant and their metabolites is now extensively used in the various part of the
world to control the economic important pests. In the present study, lectin was isolated from pulp of banana and partially
purified by column chromatography and the partially purified lectin evaluated against Spodoptera litura under in vitro
condition. Larval instars were susceptible to the lectin as concentration dependent manner. Distinct effect on lethal
concentration 50 (LC 50), lethal time 50 (LT 50) against the larval instars, pupal, adult emergence and adult longevity
was observed. The present study would suggest the possible utilization of lectin as the major biopesticidal agent against
economic important lepidopteron pests.
Keywords: Spodoptera litura, lectin, lethal concentration.
Globally Significant Biodiversity Elements: Climate Change Impacts and
Conservation Challenges in the Sikkim Trans-Himalaya, India
Ghanashyam Sharma
The Mountain institute India, Development Area, Gangtok Sikkim, 737101, INDIA
Abstract: Impact of climate change on the critical wildlife habitats was studied in the Indian alpine/Trans-Himalaya
(2500"6000 m) of Sikkim during 2009-2012. Extensive biodiversity surveys, participatory community consultation and
socio-economic assessments were carried out covering 4000 sq km. Rotational pastoralism of nomadic Dokpas, stocking
density, and indigenous resources management pattern were assessed. The indigenous people of the region have perceived
variations of climate scenarios e.g. erratic rainfall (23%), emergence of new diseases/pests in the alpine/Trans Himalayan
60
region (21%), untimely/unusual snowfall (19%), prolonged dry periods (17%), species migration (11%) and glacier
melting (9%). The impacts resulted into reduced recourses in high elevation that consequently altered the foraging
ecology of Blue Sheep, Himalayan Tahr, Tibetan Argeli, Southern Kiang etc. and the semi-domesticated yaks. Of the
total 85 locations assessed, 80% had high stocking density of yak and sheep resulting into overgrazing competition with
wild ungulates. Habitat range (4200-5200 m) of snow leopard, Blue Sheep and Himalayan Tahr has been expanded
(3600-5400 m) due to habitat fragmentation, habitat requirements, and overstocking/overlapping grazing pastures.
Tremendous anthropogenic pressure such as hydropower projects and tunneling (26%), unregulated tourism/ecotourism
activities (22%), grazing (16%), unregulated vehicular movements (15%), increased recourse extraction (13%), and
illegal collection/trade of NTFPs/wildlife (8%) were recorded. Thus, habitats of the last surviving wildlife species are
rapidly degrading. The indigenous community-based wildlife conservation and monitoring committee, Himal Rakshaks
(mountain guardians) is a successful conservation initiative. This globally significant biodiversity hotspot in the
Khangchendzonga complex needs sustainable transboundary cooperation and conservation strategies.
Keywords: Trans-Himalaya, Climate Change, Himal Rakshaks, Transboundary Cooperation
Isolation and Characterization of Probiotics from Cooked Rice
Nannu Shafakatullah* and M. Chandra
Dept. of Bio-Sciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri-574199, Mangalore, Karnataka, INDIA
Abstract: Rice is the most common staple food in South India. The scientific use of rice as a source of probiotics has not
yet been examined. Indigenous knowledge revealed overnight fermented rice as a good health source. An attempt has
been made to find out the possibilities of probiotics in cooked rice. Six isolates were identified on the basis of their
morphological, cultural, physiological and biochemical tests and their probiotic properties were evaluated. These isolates
were screened for resistance against bile salt, different NaCl concentrations, acidic pH, ability to inhibit pathogens, as
well as survival under different storage temperatures. Isolated strains of Lactobacilli spp. and Lactococci spp. showed
satisfactory probiotic potentials.
Keywords: Cooked rice, indigenous knowledge, Lactobacilli, Lactococci, probiotics
Listeria monocytogenes in the Milk and Ready to Eat foods, available at
Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
Sheela Mary M. and N. D. Shrinithivihahshini
Departement of Enviromental Management, Bharathidasan University, Mathur, Mandaiyur, Thiruchupalli, TN-620024, INDIA
Abstract: Food samples were surveyed for presence of Listeria monocytogenes, which is a food borne pathogen, causes
listeriosis. The survey included (N=345) food-samples such as local and branded-milks, refrigerated ready to eat foods
(RTEs), vegetables, white-meats, red-meats, fruit-juices both with and without milk.Shops, situated in various places of
Tiruchirappalli-city Tamilnadu, India , were the sampling locations. Prior to enumeration, the samples were enriched in
the buffered peptone water at 30 °C for one hour. After identification of colony morphology, the suspected colonies were
gone through various key biochemical tests, for species-identification. It was revealed from the test results , that 46 per
cent of the food items studied contained the pathogen; and the contamination level in the temple and flavored-milks
alone was100 per cent, followed by 80 per cent contamination in cheese and pasturised-milks. The white-meat, icecreams, red-meat, fresh fruit-juices, fruit-salads and vegetables were found to have contamination ? 50 per cent. Conversely
the synthetic-fruit juices were free from the contamination. It is also evident from the investigation that the foods, sold in
the city, particularly the dairy and dairy products, meat products, and fresh fruit juices are unsafe for direct consumption
and require stringent storage measures.
Keywords: Listeria monocytogenes, RTE foods, Food safety.
Effect of salinity stress on finger millet [(Eleusine coracana (L) Gaertn]:
Histochemical and morphological analysis
Lakkakula Satish, Ramakrishnan Rameshkumar, Arockiam Sagina Rency,
Periyasamy Rathinapriya and Manikandan Ramesh
Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamilnadu, INDIA
Abstract: The current study deals with the effects of salinity on seed germination, growth and development of the finger
millet CO(Ra)14 genotype. Seeds were surface sterilized and germinated for 15days on Murashige and Skoog (1962)
61
agar solidified medium supplemented with 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200mM of NaCl. Several physiological indices including
relative growth content, electrolyte leakage, proline and chlorophyll contents were determined to analyze the characteristics
of NaCl stressed (15days old) as well as control plants. In addition, we also focused on analysing salinity stress induced
histochemical changes and level of lignin (phloroglucinol-HCl test) in the coleoptile and colyrriza cultures. The results
illustrated significant physiological response of finger millet exposed to 150mM of salt concentration, wherein the
relative growth of leaves and shoots were decreased while the root length was elongated. Further observations showed a
significant increase in the levels of electrolyte leakage and proline content. The chlorophyll estimation revealed that
there was a decrease in the levels of chlorophyll A, B and total chlorophyll content with the increasing NaCl concentration.
The microscopic observations of coleoptile and colyrriza cross sections for the presence of histochemical changes, if
any, have shown significant changes with increasing salt concentration. Furthermore, the observations like severely
damaged cells and injured cells with intense stain of phloroglucinol (suggesting the accumulation of cell bound phenolic
compounds) were highly reflecting the collapse made by salinity to the plant.
Keywords: Sodium chloride. Eleusine coracana. Finger millet. Lignin deposition. Phloroglucinol.
Structure of DNA binding 3R1-MYB Transcription Factor protein, ScMYB78
from Sugarcane – Threading and Ab Initio Modelling
Geethalakshmi S. and Prabu Gajjeraman*
Department of Biotechnology, Plant Functional Genomics Unit, Karpagam University, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: Cell cycle regulating sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) 3R1-MYB transcription factor gene, ScMYB78 was
isolated and characterized in our previous study. In order to determine its sequence to structure paradigm, the putative
three-dimensional structure of ScMYB78 was generated using threading assembly refinement (I-TASSER) server. Further,
PROCHECK, Verify-3D, PROMOTIF and ProSA programs were used to test the quality of model and the scores were
within the recommended intervals. The models shed valuable information necessary for future identification of DNA
binding regions and the prediction of co-regulated genes involved in cell cycle control by docking studies.
Keywords: I-TASSER, 3R1-MYB, ScMYB78, Sugarcane, cell cycle.
Identification of Overlapping Gene, PIPO (Pretty Interesting Potyviridae ORF)
in Sugarcane Streak Mosaic Virus
C. Viswanathan and G.R. Prabu
Plant Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, INDIA
Abstract: The family Potyviridae includes eight genera and 176 plant viral species, many of which are of great agricultural
significance. They have a single stranded positive sense ~10kb RNA genome encoding a polyprotein which is cleaved
into C”10 mature proteins. Recently, an overlapping gene, PIPO (Pretty Interesting Potyviridae ORF) has been identified
at the P3 cistron of the Potyviridae family members. In this study, we have computationally identified and experimentally
validated a short coding region, PIPO in the Sugarcane streak mosaic virus (SCSMV) genome which overlaps the P3
cistron at +2 reading frame using MLOGD software and RT-PCR, respectively. Further, the phylogentic relationship
between PIPO gene of SCSMV isolates collected from different sugarcane growing region and members of Potyviridae
family are analyzed and discussed in detail.
Keywords: MLOGD, PCR, phylogentic, Pretty Interesting Potyviridae ORF, SCSMV.
Bioassay–guided isolation and identification of an anti-inflammatory
compounds from leaves of Anisomeles malabarica R.Br.
A. Sudha, R. Vanajothi and P. Srinivasan*
Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi -630002, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: Anisomeles malabarica R.Br. (Lamiaceae) is traditionally used to treat the intermittent fever, colic dyspepsia
and rheumatism. The present study was focused to identify the lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitors from A. malabarica
through bioassay-guided fractionation and purification process. The air-dried leaves of A. malabarica were extracted
with ethanol, defatted with n-hexane and then successively partitioned into chloroform and n-butanol fractions. Among
these, only the chloroform fraction demonstrated a strong in vitro soyabean 15-LOX (SBL) inhibitory effect, when
compared to n-butanol fraction. The bioactivity of the chloroform fraction was observed to be dose-dependent and this
fraction was selected for further fractionation by silica gel column chromatography to isolate active principles showing
62
inhibitory effect on soyabean 15-LOX. The isolated bioactive compounds 1 and 2 was identified as 3, 4 dihydroxy
benzoic acid and 4’, 5, 7-trihydroxyflavone, on the basis of its spectral analysis (UV, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS).
The anti-inflammatory potential of isolated compounds was assessed and 3, 4 dihydroxy benzoic acid (1) showed significant
SBL inhibitory activity with 74.04 ± 2.6 % followed by 4’, 5, 7-trihydroxyflavone (34.68 ± 1.9 %). The results provide
evidence that the plant leaves might be a potential source of anti-inflammatory agents by justifying its use in traditional
medicine.
Keywords: Anisomeles malabarica, SBL, lipoxygenase, 3, 4 dihydroxy benzoic acid, anti-inflammatory
In Vitro Anti-Proliferative activity of Bioactive fraction of Luffa acutangula on
non-small Cell Lung Cancer cell line NCI-H460
R. Vanajothi, A. Sudha and P. Srinivasan
Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi -630002, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: Bio-assay guided fractionation of leaf extract of Luffa acutangula was carried out to identify the most active
fraction for their possible anticancer constituents. Totally five fractions were yielded and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity by MTT assay on non-small cell lung cancer cell line NCI-H460. Among the tested fractions, the
fraction LA/FII effectively decreased the cell growth with IC50 value of 10µg/ml concentration. Further apoptogenic
activity of LA/FII has been studied by the estimation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), alteration in
mitochondrial membrane potential using DCFH-DH and Rhodamine-123 fluorescent dye. The present study illustrates
that LA/FII fraction significantly increased intracellular ROS and effectively involved in disruption of mitochondrial
membrane potential. Cytological observation shows cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing and formation of apoptotic
bodies were confirmed by dual staining (AO/EtBr) assay. From this study, it was observed that the active fraction of L.
acutangula consists of promising potent bio-active components with high anti-proliferative activity which may aids in
cancer therapy.
Keywords: Bio-assay guided fractionation, lung cancer, ROS, MMP, dual staining.
Effect of salinity stress on Finger millet [(Eleusine coracana (L) Gaertn]:
Histochemical and Morphological Analysis
Lakkakula Satish, Ramakrishnan Rameshkumar, Arockiam Sagina Rency, Periyasamy Rathinapriya and
Manikandan Ramesh
Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamilnadu, INDIA
Abstract: The current study deals with the effects of salinity on seed germination, growth and development of the finger
millet CO(Ra)14 genotype. Seeds were surface sterilized and germinated for 15 days on Murashige and Skoog (1962)
agar solidified medium supplemented with 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200mM of NaCl. Several physiological indices including
relative growth content, electrolyte leakage, proline and chlorophyll contents were determined to analyze the characteristics
of NaCl stressed (15days old) as well as control plants. In addition, we also focused on analysing salinity stress induced
histochemical changes and level of lignin (phloroglucinol-HCl test) in the coleoptile and colyrriza cultures. The results
illustrated significant physiological response of finger millet exposed to 150mM of salt concentration, wherein the
relative growth of leaves and shoots were decreased while the root length was elongated. Further observations showed a
significant increase in the levels of electrolyte leakage and proline content. The chlorophyll estimation revealed that
there was a decrease in the levels of chlorophyll A, B and total chlorophyll content with the increasing NaCl concentration.
The microscopic observations of coleoptile and colyrriza cross sections for the presence of histochemical changes, if
any, have shown significant changes with increasing salt concentration. Furthermore, the observations like severely
damaged cells and injured cells with intense stain of phloroglucinol (suggesting the accumulation of cell bound phenolic
compounds) were highly reflecting the collapse made by salinity to the plant.
Keywords: Sodium chloride. Eleusine coracana. Finger millet. Lignin deposition. Phloroglucinol.
Ecological and Biogeographical features of Khed Tahasil, Pune District MS, India
Ghadage M.K., Theurkar S.V. and Patil S.B.
Department of Zoology, Hutatma Rajguru Mahavidyalaya, Rajgurunagar, University of Pune, INDIA
Abstract: Western Ghats with unique habitat from origin of Gondwana land. Now days these Western Ghats are biodiversity
hotspot and world heritage .The Khed Tehsil is also one of part of Northern Western Ghats, in this region the Bhimashankar
wild life sanctuary, famous for Ratufa indica elphistoii, sub species of the Indian Giant squirrel which is endemic in
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status. Khed tehsil is located in the Northern part of Pune District, at altitude 626.015 MSL in Western Ghats. The lands
scape of Khed Tehsil is distributed triangularly in Western Maharashtra at foot hills of the Sahyadri Mountains and
divide into three part Ghatmatha, Mawal and Desh. Present study carried out for biogeographic and ecological features
of study area.
Keywords: Biodiversity hotspot, Western Ghats, Indian Giant squirrel, endemic
Lactational exposure of Phthalate causes long term Disruption in Testicular
Architecture by Altering tight Junctional and Apoptotic Protein expression in
Sertoli cells
Suganya Sekaran, Priyanka Balaganapathy, Rajesh Parsanathan, Sambavi Elangovan, Gunashekar Janaki,
Firdous Ahmad Bhat, Jagadeesan Arunakaran*
Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus,
Chennai, INDIA
Abstract: Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is the most abundant phthalate in environment and a well-known endocrine
disruptor that interferes with reproductive functions in both humans and animals. This study was aimed to determine the
dose dependent effect of DEHP in testes of pubertal male offspring rats. Lactating mother rats were divided into four
groups; Group I: control (olive oil-vehicle), Group II: 1 mg DEHP/kg bw/day, Group III: 10 mg DEHP/kg bw/day and
Group IV: 100 mg DEHP/kg bw/day oral intubation from post natal day (PND) 1–21. On PND 60 rats were sacrificed
and the testes were dissected. A pair of testes from every group was taken for histology and remaining was used for
isolation and purification of Sertoli cells. The histology of testis revealed that DEHP disturbs the testicular architecture.
DEHP treatment increased oxidative stress by decreasing antioxidant levels in the Sertoli cells; it disrupted Sertoli cell
tight junctional proteins such as occludin, claudin, JAM, ZO-1, ZO-2 and AF-6 were found to be decreased and DEHP
treatment favors apoptosis of Sertoli cells by increasing the apoptotic genes such as Bax, Cyt-c, Caspase8, 9, 3 and
decreasing the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2. Sertoli cell population must be appropriate for quantitatively normal
spermatogenesis to occur, thus, disruption of Sertoli cell during the perinatal period will lead to reduced numbers of
Sertoli cells in the adult and a parallel decrease in sperm production. It is concluded that early postnatal dose dependent
exposure of DEHP disturbs testicular architecture and function in Wistar pubertal rats.
Keywords: Phthalate, Testicular architecture, tight junctional proteins, Biochemical analysis, Apoptosis
Impact of DI-2-Ethylhexyl Phthalate (Dehp) on Thyroid Functions of Offspring
Rats
Sambavi Elangovan, Suganya Sekaran, Rajesh Parsanathan, Dinesh Somasundaram and
Maria Michael Aruldhas
Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus,
Chennai, INDIA
Abstract: Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP), the most widely utilized industrial plasticizer and a ubiquitous
environmental contaminant, is an established endocrine and developmental toxicant. Previous studies have shown that
DEHP leads to an imbalance of thyroid function (thyroid metabolism and morphology). The aim of our present study is
to determine the effect of DEHP on the thyroid gland function. Mother rats received DEHP (1, 10,100 mg/kg b.w/day)
through oral gavage (vehicle-olive oil) from PND 1 to 21. Then the rats were sacrificed on PND 60, organs were
collected, weighed and the thyroid was processed for histology and for molecular analysis. The animals were monitored
for morphological and other changes such as body weight, feed and water consumption, AGD and size. The levels of free
thyroxine (T4), total triiodothyronine (T3) were measured in the serum. The expression of genes involved in thyroid
hormone synthesis, like thyroperoxidase, sodium iodide symporter (NIS) and transcription factors like PAX-8, FOX E1
and TTF1 in these animals were analysised. We found a dose dependent increase in follicular cells and colloid filled
follicles in DEHP treated groups compared to control and there was presence of damaged cuboidal epithelium cells with
infiltration of more inflammatory cells. Hormonal assay revealed a dose dependent decrease in T3 and T4 in all treated
groups. From the present study it is concluded that DEHP disrupts thyroid function and morphology.
Keywords: Phthalate, Ano-genital distance, Transcription factors, T3 T4.
64
Isolation and Screening of Marine Streptomyces Species for Protease
Production
R. Sathya and T. Ushadevi
Centre for Research and Development, PRIST University, Thanjavur-614 904. Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: Microbial proteases are the most important hydrolytic enzymes and have been considered extensively because
the advent of enzymology. In this study to evaluate the protease producing marine actinomycetes and to optimize the
media composition that supports protease production. Starch casein agar medium was used for a quick isolation and
screening of these actinomycetes. Totally ten different kinds of actinomycetes species were used for screening of protease
activity. All species provide positive result for protease, based on the higher zone of inhibition one target Streptomyces
sp was selected for further assay. The production medium was optimized using different pH, temperature, carbon and
nitrogen sources for seven days of fermentation period. The results were observed and revealed that compatible protease
production from Streptomyces sp, having an optimum pH and temperature 9.0 and 40oC respectively. The enzyme activity
(50.4 U/ml) was optimum for utilizing carbon source as glucose and nitrogen source as peptone was supported for
protease production. The result indicates that marine Streptomyces species considered as a well producer for protease.
Keywords: Marine Streptomyces, Isolation, Screening, optimization, Enzyme activity.
Antifungal Activity of Trigonella Foenum-Graecum Seed Extract and Curd
against Candida Albicans, Malassezia, and Aspergillus Niger
Nakade Dhanraj, Jadhav Prachi, Bhutkar Rutuja and Vaghela Vandana
Department of Microbiolofgy, Rajaram College, Kolhapur-416004, INDIA
Abstract: Higher incidence of mycotic infections especially superficial Mycoses, are confined to outer layers of skin,
hair, nails of which dandruff is a chronic scalp condition caused by Candida and Malassezia and Trichophyton species.
Though there are advanced antifungal therapies, most of them have side effects. Thus discovery of new compound is
required to combat fungal infection. By considering this in the present study, aqueous and methanolic extracts of Fenugreek
seeds were tested for their antifungal activities using agar well diffusion assay against Candida albicans, Malassezia and
Aspergillus niger as test organisms. Results indicated a significant difference in inhibition zone diameter between aqueous
seed extract and methanolic seed extract. Methanolic seed extract was found to be most effective in inhibition zone
diameter. These finding indicate the potential of the seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum in treatment of fungal infection
and may be used as potential remedy for prevention of dandruff and hair fall.
Keywords: Antifungal activity, Aqueous extract, Methanolic extract, Fenugreek seeds, Trigonella foenum-graecum.
Assessment of Free Radical Scavenging Activity and Total Polyphenolic Content
of Some Plants of Euphorbiaceae and Fabiaceae Family
Indra Prashad Tripathi1, Mahendra Kumar Mishra2, Chinmayi Mishra2, Ruchita Tripathi2 and Arti Kamal2
1Faculty
of Science and Environment, MGCGV, Chitrakoot, Satna M.P., INDIA
of Biological Sciences, MGCGV, Chitrakoot, Satna M.P., INDIA
2Department
Abstract: Plant and herbs are being used as traditional medicines since a very long time to cure various diseases as well
as in the fields of agriculture, veterinary etc. Various phytochemical and pharmacological studies have clearly shown
multidisciplinary usages of these plant derived phyto-medicines. In the present work eight plants (Jatropha curcas,
Euphorbia hirta, Euphorbia neriifolia, Ricinus communis, Saraca asoca, Tamarindus indica, Dalbergia lentifolia,
Calotropis procera and Accacia catechu) have been analyzed for their polyphenolic and free radical scavenging activity.
A. catechu and Euphorbia hirta were found to be strong antioxidant because it showed highest percentage DPPH
scavenging activity (73.98%, IC50 value 52.01 ìg/ml and 67.56 %, IC50 value 61.34 ± 0.0004 ìg/ml respectively). C.
procera and T. indica showed least free radical scavenging activity (15.54% and 36.15% respectively).While J. curcas
is a moderate antioxidant as it showed the DPPH scavenging activity i.e. 40.87 %. Maximum polyphenolic contents were
found to be present in A. catechu and S. asoca (41.22 ìg/ml and 34.89 ìg/ml respectively) whereas least amount of
polyphenols was presented in C.procera and E. neriifolia plant (5.89±0.0005 ìg/ml and 5.36±0.0005 ìg/ml respectively).
The pearson correlation between maximum percentage inhibition of plant extracts (100 ìg/ml) and total polyphenolic
content shows positive correlation value 0.575, having R2 value 0.331 which shows that there is positive correlation
65
between percentage free radical scavenging activity and total polyphenolic content. The regression line of correlation is
poor because of variable degree of total polyphenolic content present in plant species.
Keywords: Phytochemicals, DPPH, Antioxidant, Total Polyphenolic Content.
Mandatory Iodization of table salt and iodine Nutritional Status: Need for
monitoring and Evaluation–Based on a Study in Rural South Africa
Grace George
Dept. of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, Eastern Cape Province,
SOUTH AFRICA
Abstract: Voluntarily salt iodization at 10 to 20 ppm was introduced in South Africa in 1954, but it became available to
the general population only after it has been made mandatory (at 40 to 60 ppm) by legislation in 1995. Optimal iodine
nutrition was reported to have achieved nationally in 2004 in seven of the nine provinces in South Africa, with more than
adequate iodine intake in two provinces. More than adequate and excessive iodine intake has been reported to be harmful
as both situations can induce health risks. Constant exposure to dietary iodine is reported to increase the size of the
thyroid gland in children. The paper presents the results of a study on the iodine nutritional status of primary school
children and the iodine content of table salt in Mthatha area of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa which indicated
the co-existence of iodine deficiency (severe to mild deficiency (12.1% ), adequate (26.6%) more than adequate (23.8%)
as well as iodine excess (37.4%) . The study also reports the discrepancies in iodine content of commercial table salt in
the area. The results of the investigations points to a need for regular monitoring and evaluation of the salt iodisation
program to safeguard the health of the population
Keywords: Universal Iodization of salt, Iodine nutritional status, health risks, monitoring, evaluation
Isolation and Characterization of L-asparginase producing isolate from Lonar
Lake, Buldhana Dist. MS, India
Chande A.V. and Bhat M.R
Dept. of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Padmashree Dr. D. Y. Patil University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, MS, INDIA
Abstract: L-asparginase has emerged as one of the most important clinically used enzymes as it exhibits chemotherapeutic
potential in treating acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphosarcoma. Increasing reports of Immunological responses
limit the utilization of the enzyme and indicate the need of new L-asparginase with new characteristics. Besides its
clinical application this enzyme is widely used in food industries to significantly reduce the formation of acrylamide – a
potent carcinogen in baked and fried food products. Screening of L-asparginase producing isolate from the highly alkaline
and saline Lonar Lake has not been reported yet and an attempt for the same is made in this study. Out of 1592 total
colonies four isolates were identified as L-asparginase producers by rapid plate assay. Further, a single isolate with the
highest enzyme activity of 16.746 IU/ml was selected and identified. The organisms of the red pigmented, sticky, circular
colonies having gram negative cell wall and rod shaped morphology showed positive tests for nitrate reductase, catalase
and oxidase. The partial 16S rRNA sequence of the isolate showed maximum similarity with Stenotrophomonas koreensis
TR6-01 strain. The alkalitolerant and halotolerant characteristic of this strain was revealed when the growth was observed
in the media of pH10 and salt concentration of 4%.
Keywords: L-asparginase, chemotherapeutic potential, acrylamide, Stenotrophomonas koreensis TR6-01, Lonar Lake.
Variation in Basic Density, and Anatomical properties of Eucalyptus tereticornis
Sm. Clones
P. Sreevani and R.V. Rao
Lecturer in Botany, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA
Abstract: The basic density, anatomical properties of certain clones of Eucalyptus tereticornis developed by ITC
Bhadrachalam were reported. The five clones represented by four trees each of four and half years old, were from
Sarapaka, Andhra Pradesh. There was clone-to-clone variation for all the properties studied except for vessel length,
fiber diameter and fibre percentage. The girth was positively correlated with ray and parenchyma percentage and negatively
with vessel percentage. Basic density was positively correlated with fibre length and vessel diameter and negatively
correlated with vessel frequency.
Keywords: Girth, Clones, Density, Vessel morphology, Fibre morphology, Interrelationship.
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Comparative study on various methods for Field preservation and DNA
extraction of zoanthids
Parikh Kinjal, Pandya Khushali and Mankodi P.C.
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, the M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, INDIA
Abstract: Zoanthids, the benthic anthozoans are found in nearly all coastal marine environments. Despite their relative
abundance, zoanthids have been overlooked by scholars, because of the intrinsic difficulty in establishing a sound taxonomy
based on external morphological criteria and internal morphological examinations due to the presence of sand and
detritus in their body. In these study different methods has been carried out for sample preservation and DNA extraction.
Sample collection and preservation in different fixatives can influence the quality of DNA during extraction procedure.
This work examines the efficiency of six different field fixatives and the most effective DNA extraction protocol for
anthozoans. Zoanthids were collected and preserved in following fixatives: 1) absolute ethanol, 2) 70% ethanol, 3) lyses
buffer with CTAB, 4) Phosphate Buffer Saline with SDS and 5) Liquid Nitrogen 6) Dry Ice. Genomic DNA was extracted
by one of the three different protocols, i.e. lyses buffer with proteinase K, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB),
Chloroform: Phenol: Isoamylalcohol extraction protocol. The most effective preservation methods and DNA extraction,
both in quality and quantity were confirmed by gel analysis.
Keywords: Zoanthids, Anthozoans, Saurastra Coast, Tissue fixation, DNA extraction.
Geographical and ecotypical shell shape variations in Oncomelaniaquadrasi
Moellendorff infected and non-infected with Shistosoma japonicum
Edgar Gary R. Vasallo Jr. 1, Mark Anthony J. Torres2 and Cesar Demayo2
1Math
and Science Department, College of Arts and Sciences, Capitol University Cagayan de Oro City, PHILIPPINES
of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City,
PHILIPPINES
2Department
Abstract: Divergent selection pressures, induced by variations in environmental conditions, can be expected to favor
different phenotypic expressions. In this study, geographical and ecotype morphological variations of shells ofcercariaeinfectedO. quadrasi has been demonstrated when compared to non-infected individuals. The morphological variation
has been quantified using geometric morphometric methods. Further, comparing deformation grids of Thin-plate spline
(Tps) graphical models in relative warps (RW), two morphs could be described: (1) shells with broader aperture
relative to body whorl, bigger size relative to the shell shape, and rounded apical sculpture and (2) shells with narrower
aperture, relatively small size based on the shell shapes, and the apex is sharp. Although other reports revealed no
genetic variation was observed for O.quadrasi from different islands within the Philippines, all this morphological
variations might have occurred due to either adaptive divergence or parasite-induced phenotypic plasticity.
Keywords: geometric-morphometric, geographic variation, ecotype variation, environmental conditions, phenotypic
plasticity, O. quadrasi
Describing Sexual Dimorphism in Wing Shapes in Luciliasericata Meigen
(Diptera: Calliphoridae)
Aileen S. Espra1, Mark Anthony J. Torres2 and Cesar Demayo2
2Dept.
1University of Mindanao, Matina Campus, Davao City, PHILIPPINES
of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City,
PHILIPPINES
Abstract: The study aims to describe wing shapes within and between sexes of Luciliasericata. Wings from the 2 sexes
were detached from the body and placed in glass slides and photographed under STL Leica microscope. The images
were analyzed using TPS program version 1.45. Statistical analysis made use of the statistical software PAST ver2.17 for
the relative warps of the left and right wings of both sexes.Results show based on the percentage variance in the left and
right wings of L.sericata as explained by the significant relative warps (RW 1) that the common landmarks that contributed
to the variation of the wings were landmark 16 (intersection between median vein and r-m vein and landmark 17
(intersection between r-m vein and R4+5 vein).Canonical variate analysis (CVA) showed significant variations for the left
wing (p=8.774E-13)and right wing (7.667E-08) indicating sexual dimorphism was observed in wing shapes inL. sericata.
Discriminant analysis however show the 2 sexes were 74.35% correctly classified based on the left wing while only
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50.62% for the right wing. This indicates that sexual dimorphism can be detected only with the left wing of the insect.
Keywords: Livestock unit, Geometric Morphometry, Wing Shape Variation, Luciliasericata.
Effect of Hydroethanolic Flower Extract of Rosa Damascena on Few Enzymic
Antioxidants and Kidney Marker Enzymes in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic
Rats
Nandhini V1 and Victor Arokia Doss D2
1Department
of Biochemistry, CMS College of Science and Commerce, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, INDIA
of Biochemistry, PSG College of Arts and Sciience, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, INDIA
2Department
Abstract: Diabetes Mellitus is a disease caused by deficiency or diminished effectiveness of endogenous insulin. Persistent
hyperglycemias causes increased production of free radicals especially reactive oxygen species (ROS) in all tissues
which has been implicated in the path physiology of many degenerative diseases like diabetes mellitus, cataract, Parkinson’s
diseases etc. Plants, as folk remedies, are widely used to treat diabetes mellitus. Hence the present study is focussed on
to evaluate the effect of enzymic antioxidants and kidney marker enzymes in Rosa damascene in streptozotocin induced
diabetic rats. The levels of Glutathione reductase, Glutathione-S- transferase and Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
were found to be significantly decreased and the levels of serum urea and serum creatinine were found to be significantly
increased in diabetic control rats when compared to normal control rats. Oral administration of hydroethanolic (HEE)
flower extract of Rosa damascena at a dosage of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight and with a standard drug glibenclamide
at a concentration of 600mg/kg body weight for 30 days showed a significant increase in the above enzymic antioxidants
and a significant decrease in serum urea and creatinine levels as compared to diabetic control rat. Thus the present
investigation suggested that the HEE of Rosa damascena exhibit not only antioxidant activity but also alters the
hemodynamic changes in kidney to near normalcy.
Keywords: Hydroethanolic extract (HEE), Streptozotocin (STZ), Enzymic antioxidants and kidney marker enzymes
Detection of virulent strains of motile Aeromonas from commercially available
Food and Food products
Arunava Das and Sindhuja M.E.
Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam-638401, Erode District, Tamil Nadu,
INDIA
Abstract: Commercial food and food products are frequently contaminated by various food-borne pathogens. Present
research work reports the surveillance of motile Aeromonas and their detection from commercially available food and
food products across Tamil Nadu India. A total of 389 food samples were aseptically collected throughout the year and
processed for the detection of motile Aeromonas by characterizing morphological, biochemical and phenotypical tests,
along with virulence determination by polymerase chain reaction. A total of 72 (18.50%) tentative isolates of Aeromonas
were identified as A. sobria 34 (47.22%) and A. hydrophila 38 (52.77%).In duplex PCR, extracellular haemolysin
gene(ahh1) was detected from 14 (41.17%) isolates of A. sobria and 21 (55.26%) isolates of A. hydrophila, whereas, A.
hydrophilaaerolysin gene(aerA) gene was detected along with the ahh1 gene in 26 (68.42%) isolates of only A. hydrophila.
In single step PCR, A. sobria haemolysin gene(asa1) was detected from 31 (91.17%) isolates of A. sobria. None of the
isolates were positive for the A. caviaehaemolysin gene(cav1) of A. caviae. The present investigation suggested the
occurrences of virulent strains of motile A. sobria and A. hydrophila in human consumable food and food products
impending a high risk of food borne illness.
Keywords: Aeromonashydrophila, Aeromonassobria, Food, PCR
Bioremediation of an Organophosphorous Pesticide by Bacteria grown in
Agricultural fields in Tiruchirappalli district, TN, India
1Ramachadran
T.1, 1Malathi M.1, Jasmine R.2 and Violet Dhayabaran V.1
1PG
2PG
and Research Department of Chemistry, Bishop Heber College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli-620017, TN, INDIA
and Research Department of Biotechnology, Bishop Heber College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli-620017, TN, INDIA
Abstract: Bioremediation is a promising alternative to physico-chemical methods of remediation, because it is less
expensive and can selectively achieve complete destruction of organic pollutants. The use of microorganisms for the
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degradation and detoxification of numerous toxic xenobiotics, especially pesticides, proved to be an efficient tool to
decontaminate the polluted sites in the prevailing environment. A bacterium capable of tolerating and resisting an
organophosphorous pesticide, methyl parathion was isolated from agricultural fields from Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu,
India. The bacterium was effectively shown to grow in the presence of the pesticide at various concentrations. The
results reveal that the isolated bacterium sp. could efficiently grow in the presence of the pesticide and could effectively
degrade them, which could be employed to treat soils loaded with such pesticides. Therefore, the present study, microbial
degradation of methyl parathion by a soil bacterium, may provide a basis for the development of bioremediation strategies
to remediate the pollutants in the environment. The degradation under various physico- chemical parameters was also
analyzed. The growth curve of the isolated bacterium in the presence of the pesticide was also obtained. Further studies
should be conducted to investigate the mechanisms by which bacteria and their enzymes can assimilate these compounds.
Keywords: Pesticide, Degradation, Methyl Parathion, Bacteria, Bioremediation
Studies on Physico Chemical Status of Leachate Contaminated two Ponds under
Anthropogenic Effects at Dhar District MP, India
Preeti Chaudhary1 and Renu Jain2
1Zoology,
2Zoology,
Govt. PG College, Dhar MP, INDIA
Govt. Holkar Scince College, Indore MP, INDIA
Abstract: Physico-Chemical studies of two water bodies (Natnagra Pond and Munj Sagar Pond) were made for two
years 2011 and 2012. Both the water bodies are affected by various anthropogenic activities and contaminated by leachate.
In the present study physico- chemical characteristics of both water bodies have been compared. Water samples are
analyzed by different parameters during all seasons. Correlation and regression analysis applied to the data sets indicated
that inter relationship, for evaluating water quality during different seasons. Results indicated that both water bodies are
contaminated by leachate and micro organism. Anthropogenic activity causes health hazards. There is a need for strict
legislations on environmental waste management against the sorting of waste dumps near water bodies.
Keywords: Leachate, Anthropogenic, microorganism.
Factors determining the success and approaches to conserve the population of
House sparrow (Passer domesticus) in different vicinity of Virudhunagar Distict,
Tamil Nadu, India
Balaji S., Baskaran S., Rajan M.K. and M. Pavaraj
Dept. of Zoology Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College, Sivakasi-626 124, Affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai,
INDIA
Abstract: Birds are sensitive to environmental changes and hence can act as an indicator of ecological balance of a
particular habitat. Among the various species of birds, the house sparrow Passer domesticus (Passeriformes: Ploceidae)
is one of the familiar species that has followed man everywhere and is inseparable from human habitations. It would be
expected that, with man’s dominance of the world, the future would be bright for the house sparrow, but it is now
becoming evident that, this is not the case, particularly in the highly developed region of urban and semi urban areas. The
aim of this paper is to provide a summary of the present status, causes for the decline and how to conserve the house
sparrow population in different rural, sub-urban and urban areas of Virudhunagar District. From the result it was observed
that the house sparrow population was found to be higher in the rural areas when compared to the urban areas in the
selected study sites and there was a positive response towards the artificial nest boxes which were kept in different places
of urban sites.
Keywords: House sparrow, human habitations, urban, semi urban and artificial nest boxes.
Decalepis Hamiltonii Root Extract for Antihepatocellular Carcinoma Activity
G. Swapna and D. Srinivasa Rao
Department of biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, AP, INDIA
Abstract: Toxic chemicals, excess consumption of alcohol, infections and autoimmune disorders are the main causes for
liver damage. Hepatotoxic chemicals damage liver cells mainly by inducing lipid peroxidation and other oxidative
damages. In the etiology of several degenerative diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes and cancer, Reactive
oxygen species (ROS) from both endogenous and exogenous are implicated. It is well known that, free radicals are the
69
reactive species that they cause damage through mechanisms of covalent binding and lipid peroxidation with subsequent
tissue injury. Organisms possess enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systemsin order to protect the tissues from
damage caused by ROS.Human primary hepatocellular carcinoma treatment involves chemotherapy, liver transplantation
and partial hepatectomy, which are very effective in the treatment of HCC. But these are very costly and, if given
systematically, have many severe adverse effects. As a result, plant based antihepatocellular carcinoma drugs are being
searched all over the world as an alternative to existing drugs. The aim of present study is to evaluate the antihaepatocellular
carcinoma activity of various extracts of Decalepishamiltonii (swallow root).Decalepishamiltoniiis a globrous extensively
climbing shrub growing in moist deciduous forests, scrub jungles of Deccan peninsula and the Western Ghats of India.
This is an endemic and endangered medicinal plant of southern peninsula. The stem and tubers are aromatic and highly
valued for medicinal properties. The roots of D.hamiltoniiare used as a flavoring principle, appetizer, blood purifier and
preservative. Tuberous roots are used to cure indigestion, deficient digestive power, dysentery, cough, bronchitis,
leucorrhoea, uterine hemorrhage, skin diseases, fever, thirst, and vomiting, poisoning,chronic rheumatism, anemia, debility,
dysuria and blood diseases. Root extract of Decalepis has been evaluated in rats and reported that the tuber extract could
able to protect the rats from oxidative stress and also inhibit the activity of antioxidant enzymes causing liver damage.
Keywords: Cancer, liver, Decalepishamiltonii, secondary metabolites and hepatotoxicity.
Purification and Kinetic Characterization of Lipoxygenase Isomers from
Lasiodiplodia theobromae
Disha D. Patel and Vasudev R. Thakkar
Lab 302#B BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar- 388120, Gujarat, INDIA
Abstract: Lipoxygenase is of importance in food and flavour industries. It catalyzes the oxidation of linoleic acid into
13-hydroperoxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid (HPOD). Lasiodiplodia theobromae is known to produce one of such
flavouring compound, Jasmonic acid. In the present work, Lipoxygenase (LOX) was purified to homogeneity from the
eighth day old L. theobromae mycelia by size exclusion (sephadex G100) and ion-exchange chromatography (DEAEcellulose). Upon purification, L. theobromae was found to contain two different lipoxygenases. Their molecular weights
calculated by SDS- PAGE were 93kD and 45kD. Both the enzymes were having optimum pH 6.0 and optimum temperature
500C and 400C, respectively. The 45 kD Lox was found to have higher affinity for linoleic acid substrate than 93 KD
enzyme. The apparent Km, Vmax and Kcat for 93kD LOX was 100mM, 25000 µmol/min/mg of protein, 13×104 sec1and for 45kD LOX was 59mM, 16666µmol/min/mg of protein , 99×109sec-1. Both the isomers of LOX produced
9and13 hydroperoxy octadecadienoic acids as their products.
Keywords: Lipoxygenase, L. theobromae, purification, kinetic characterization
Antimicrobial Activity of Root Extract of Phyllanthus Fraternus Webster:
An Ethnomedicinal Plant
Kavit Mehta1, Patel B.N.1 and Jain B.K.2
1Mehsana
2M.
Urban Institute of Science, Ganpat University, Kherwa, Dist. Mehsana, North Gujarat, INDIA
G. Science Institute, Dadasaheb Mavlankar Campus, Navarangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, INDIA
Abstract: Phyllanthus fraternus Webster, a pan tropical weed originated from western India, belongs to family
Euphorbiaceae and commonly known as “Bhumyamlaki” . It is a medicinally very useful plant species used by tribal of
Gujarat to cure certain diseases like asthma, cough, diarrhea, diabetes, skin diseases and scabies. Current study targeted
the extracted the activity of antimicrobial metabolite from the root. Root were dried and extracted by methanol. This root
extract of Phyllanthus fraternus was screened against eleven clinically important bacterial strains and three antifungal
strain by disc diffusion method. Result showed maximum antibacterial activities against P.aeruginosa with zone of inhibition
of 25 mm followed by S. typhi bwith a zone of inhibition of 11 mm and minimum against S. typhi a with zone of
inhibition of 10 mm. Similarly the maximum antifungal activity was noted against A. niger ( 10 mm). Absolute methanol
was used as control during the experiments. This indicates that antimicrobial activities may be due to presence of secondary
metabolites. Hence, the plant can be used to discover bioactive natural products that may serve as leads in the development
of new pharmaceuticals research activities. As the antimicrobial work has been not carried out so far on Phyllanthus
fraternus,
Keyword: Phyllanthys fraternus, root, extract, antimicrobial, s.typhi.
70
Assessment of bisphenol A caused toxicity and its Amelioration
Neha P. Sangaiand and Ramtej J. Verma
Department of Botany, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, INDIA
Abstract: Bisphenol A is well known plasticizer and is ubiquitous due to its presence in variety of compounds which are
used in day to day life. Various experimental studies had proven its effect on reproductive system of both animals and
human beings. Frequent and wide use of BPA results in toxicity, which had become now the curiosity of scientific
communal. In the present study, we investigated the pro-oxidant effect of BPA and ameliorative effect of black tea
extract on liver of mice. BPA was administrated orallyin two doses; high (HD-240 mg/kg body wt) and low (LD-120 mg/
kg body wt) dose in mice for 30 days. This leads to statistically significant reduction of catalase (CAT), superoxide
dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities also in glutathione (GSH) and total ascorbic acid contents
(TAA), however significant increase was found in MDA levels. Indeed the co-treatment of black tea extract and BPA
alleviates the oxidative stress created by BPA, as significant increase was found in CAT, SOD and GPx activities, also in
GSH and TAA contents, with significant decrease in MDA levels. Moreover, histopathological studies had also confirmed
the hepatoxicity produced by BPA with its mitigation by black tea extract.
Keywords: Bisphenol A, amelioration, black tea, oxidative stress, liver.
Comparative Study of Antioxidant Capacity of Raw Powder and
Waste Black Tea By Frap Assay
Gayatri Patel, Bhagwati Gauni, Mehta Kavit and Patel B.N.
Mehsana Urban Institute of Sciences, Ganpat University-384 012, INDIA
Abstract: Tea is one of the important sources of bioactive compounds which have been used in folk medicine for many
centuries and it is also an important source of polyphenol as a powerful antioxidant which has used in anticancer activity
(M. Hajimahmoodi, 2008) and protects cell damages from free radicals. This study aimed to compare antioxidant capacity
of raw tea powder and tea waste sample by FRAP assay. Antioxidant activity of methanolic (50%) and distilled water
extract of raw tea powder and tea waste sample were analyzed by FRAP assay (M. Hajimahmoodi, 2008). Total phenolic
contents were analyzed using spectrophotometric technique, based on the Folin-ciocalteau reagent, and calculated as
gallic acid equivalent per gram dry weight. Total antioxidant activity was found to be 0.930 mmol FeII/g of dry weight
(waste tea) and 0.995 mmol FeII/g of dry weight (raw powder). Total phenolic content was 0.232 g gallic acid/g of dry
weight (waste tea) and 0.162 g gallic acid/g of dry weight (raw powder). A relationship between total antioxidant activity,
total phenolic content and gallic acid were tasted between two samples. These samples possess higher antioxidant activity
due to contribution of phenolic compounds. The present study showed that black tea is more consumed in western India.
It is strong radical scavengers and can be considered as good source of natural antioxidant for medicinal purposes.
Keywords: poly phenolic, FRAP, antioxidant activity, phenolic, radical scavengers.
Sucrose induced Rhizogenesis leading to enhanced Plumbagin production in
Cell suspension cultures of Plumbago rosea L.
Silja P.K. and Satheeshkumar K.*
Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute,
Thiruvananathapuram, INDIA
Abstract: Influence of sucrose on cell viability, rhizogenesis and plumbagin production in cell cultures of Plumbago
rosea was investigated. Tuberous roots of P. rosea are used in many ayurvedic medicines. The roots contain plumbagin,
which has several properties including anticancer. Cells cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS-1962) liquid medium
supplemented with 1mg/L Indole 3-acetic acid, 0.5mg/L Naphthalene acetic acid and 0.3mg/L 6-Benzyl amino purine
with different concentrations of sucrose (1-7%) were incubated on a gyratory shaker (90 rpm) and monitored free-cell
viability, biomass and plumbagin production up to 30 days. Plumbagin was estimated using spectrophotometer and
HPLC. Free-cell viability decreased in increased concentration of sucrose (>4%) and recorded maximum cell biomass
(DW) in 2% sucrose. Root differentiation was profuse in cell aggregates grown in media containing 4% sucrose in 20
days and after 25 days these roots appeared to be necrotic. Rhizogenesis occurred in cells after 25 days in media containing
6% sucrose. Maximum plumbagin (0.128% g DW) was in media containing 6% sucrose. Plumbagin content was low
(0.06% g DW) in 1% sucrose where there was no rhizogenesis. The results indicate that sucrose plays significant role in
71
organ (root) differentiation and is very closely related to plumbagin synthesis.
Keywords: Plumbagin, Plumbago rosea, Rhizogenesis, Cell viability, Differentiation.
Optimization of different factors for the establishment of Cell suspension
Cultures of Ophiorrhiza mungos L. for the production of Camptothecin (CPT),
an Anticancer Drug
S. Deepthi and Satheeshkumar. K
Biotech. and Bioinfor. Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic garden and Research Institute, Palode Thiruvananthapuram,
Kerala, INDIA
Abstract: Ophiorrhiza mungos (Rubiaceae), a herbaceous medicinal plant reported as a source of camptothecin, a
potential anticancer drug. Cell suspension cultures of O. mungos could be established and estimated camptothecin.
Callus tissues induced on leaf explants in Murashige Skoog (MS-1962) solid medium containing 3% (w/v) sucrose,
NAA (3.0 mg/L), Kinetin (0.5mg/L) and 2, 4-D (1.0mg/L) were used for establishing cell suspension cultures in liquid
medium with similar hormonal regime. Growth of cells in Whites, B5, SH and MS media with 3% sucrose and same
hormonal concentration was determined over a period of 35 days at 5 day intervals and found MS medium was best for
maximum biomass yield. Cell growth was maximum on the 30th day (6.03±0.25 g fwt/50ml). Cell growth in Sucrose,
Glucose, Fructose and Maltose each at 3% (w/v) with same hormonal combination was also tested. Sucrose gave maximum
cell growth (6.03±0.25 gm fwt/50ml). Influence of different concentration of sucrose (2% - 8%) on cell growth recorded
high Growth Index (GI-13.4) in 5% (w/v) sucrose (7.2±0.3g fwt/50ml). Camptothecin content in cells was estimated
using HPTLC (0.03 % g dwt), which is higher than intact plants (0.02 % g dwt). The results necessitate further investigation
on cell cultures for enhanced production of camptothecin.
Keywords: Ophiorrhiza mungos; Camptothecin, Cell suspension cultures, Biomass, Growth Index
Rapid plant regeneration from embryogenic calli of Ophiorrhiza mungos L.
Dintu K P1, Ravichandran P2 and Satheeshkumar K1
1Biotechnology
and Bioinformatics Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Pacha, Palode,
Thiruvananthapuram, 695562, Kerala, INDIA
2SPK Center for Environmental Sciences, M S University, Alwarkurichi – 627 412, INDIA
Abstract: Ophiorrhiza mungos L. (Rubiaceae), a medicinal plant is reported as a source of camptothecin (CPT) and 10methoxycamptothecin whose derivatives irinotecan and topotecan are used for treating different cancers. Protocol for
efficient plant regeneration from embryogenic callus cultures described here could be used for large scale propagation of
this valuable medicinal herb. Hypocotyl segments of the in vitro seedlings were used for initiating callus tissues in
Murashige and Skoog (MS) (1962) solid media containing various concentration and combinations of BAP, TDZ, 2,4-D,
Picloram and L-glutamine. Embryogenic calli were obtained in medium containing 1mg/l picloram, 0.1mg/l TDZ and
0.2 mg/l glutamine and observed development of plantlets after 8 weeks of callus formation. The plantlets were further
elongated (3±0.5cm) in half strength MS basal solid medium in 4 weeks and they were successfully transplanted in poly
bags filled with fine sand with 85±2.75% survival under shade net house condition.
Keywords: Camptothecin, embryogenic calli, Ophiorrhiza mungos, callus cultures, plant regeneration
Influence of repeated subcultures on biomass and Camptothecin production in
Ophiorrhiza trichocarpos Blume, a rare Medicinal herb
Sibi C.Varghese1, Renjith R.2, Ravichandran. P3, Roja Gopalakrishnan4 and Satheeshkumar K1
1Biotechnology
and Bioinformatics Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, PachaPalode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, INDIA
2Phyochemistry and Phytopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute,
Pacha-Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, INDIA
3 SPK Center for Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi – 627 412, TN, INDIA
4NABTD, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai - 400 085 - INDIA
Abstract: Ophiorrhiza trichocarpos Blume (Rubiaceae) reported as a source of camptothecin (CPT), an anticancer
drug. Conventional propagation of this plant is through seeds with only 20-30% germination. Seeds (0.3-0.4x0.250.4mm) from the surface sterilized capsules transferred to MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) basal liquid medium recorded
72
90% germination in 20 days. Seedlings of 0.5-1.0cm inoculated on to solid medium containing BAP (0.1- 2.0 mg/l) and
IAA (0.01-0.2 mg/l) induced multiple shoots in 7 days and recorded maximum (28±0.816) in 1.0 mg/l BAP and 0.1 mg/
l IAA in 30 days. Subculture of shoot clumps (2-3 shoot buds) was done at 30 day intervals and obtained maximum
shoots in the 2nd subculture (53.14±2.219) and a decline in shoot multiplication was noticed in the 3rd (45.71±4.033), 4th
(29.14±1.624) and subsequent subcultures. Camptothecin in shoots of each subculture passage was estimated using
HPTLC. Though there was no significant difference in CPT content between 2nd (0.0036% DW) and 3rd (0.0032% DW)
subcultures, it was very low in 4th (0.0022%DW) and subsequent subcultures. Comparative biomass and CPT between
conventionally propagated 70 day old seedling (0.634±0.04 g DW) (0.00287% DW) and in vitro- derived multiple
shoots (4.782±0.70 g DW) (0.0036% DW) showed that later can be selected as a promising system for sustainable
production of camptothecin.
Keywords: Ophiorrhiza trichocarpos, camptothecin, subculture, multiple shoots, biomass.
Analysis of Physico-Chemical parameters of Waghala Lake, Aurangabad
District, Maharashtra, India
Vasant Bawane2, Borse.R.R2 and Kishor Paithanpagare1
1Sant
2Jeevan
Bahinabai college shivoor Tq vaijapur Dist. Aurangabad, INDIA
Vikas Mahavidyalaya Shivoor Tq Vaijapur Dist Aurangabad, INDIA
Abstract: Water is one of the most important and essential compounds of life,water is called as liquid of life but now a
days water is get polluted due to may man made activities which creates various problems in the water ecosystem, Which
severly damaging. the water quality and life of aquatic animals, In India fresh water is abundantly present in rivers dams,
Lakes ponds, these fresh waters is utilised for various activites like drinking, washing, irrigation, aquaculture, hence
water is the important for all living organisms so called as liquid of life or the Universal solvent, the physical characteristics
of water like temperature, PH, alkalinity, DO etc. influences on the living organisms. Some chemical conents in water are
useful for to increase the growth of flora and fauna of aquatic ecosystem where as some chemical contents are harmful
also. as man made activities are increases which causes disturbance in the natural quality of water, like industrialization
urbanisation, excess activities along the side of water reserviors causes the water pollution, such polluted water with
chemical content is not normal, it is always changed the chemical composition of water, which causes the effect on
aquatic ecosystem. Of Waghala Lake also, these lake is situated in vaijapur taluka,the major source of these lake is
rainfall and agricultural run off, these lake is mainly useful for washing of domestic animals, clothes, irrigation and
aquaculture, it has a capability of 4.5 mtft and characterized by muddy bottom with plenty of aquatic plants, an attempt
has been made to check the quality of water during the period July 2011 to April 2012. in relation to analysis of physicochemical parameters such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, Free co2, BOD.
Keywords: Analysis, physico-chemical, parameters, waghala lake, Aurangabad District Maharashtra.
Effect of Pine Needle Allelochemicals on Germination and
Early Seedling Growth in Sorghum
Sanjay Singh Baroniya1 and Mamta Bhoj Baroniya2
1Department
2School
of Botany, Govt. S. K. P. G. College, Dewas, MP, INDIA
of Studies in Botany, Vikram University Ujjain, MP, INDIA
Abstract: Present study has been conducted to assess the impact of allelochemicals from Pinus needles on germination,
early seedling growth and membrane properties in sorghum seeds. Sorghum seeds germination and early seedling growth
reduced significantly with increasing concentration of extract, whereas electrolyte leakage and MDA content increased
by the treatment. It is suggested that allelochemicals from Pinus needles have potential to induce membrane damage and
reduction in germination and seedling growth of sorghum. Extract from Pinus needles exhibited allelopathic activity
against Sorghum. The results demonstrated that Pinus needles extract is characterized by high allelopathic potential and
inhibition in seed germination is due to enhanced membrane deterioration.
Keywords: Pinus needles, Allelopathy, Sorghum, Membrane deterioration.
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Streptomycetes: A Storehouse of Bioactive Compounds and Enzymes
B: Production of Antimicrobials
Bhasin Sheetal1, Gaur Sonal1 and Modi H.A.2
1Department
of Biosciences, Maharaja Ranjit Singh College of Professional Sciences, Khandwa Road, Indore MP, INDIA
2Department of Life Sciences, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, INDIA
Abstract: Microbial interference in human life has always attracted researcher’s interest in searching potent antibiotic
producers against the newly evolving multiple drug resistant microorganisms. One of the most attractive sources of
antimicrobials is Actinomycetes specially Streptomycetes, which are responsible for majority of the commercially available
antibiotics. Actinomycetes are soil inhabitants and have to compete with the bacteria, fungus, protozoans and other
microscopic living forms for their survival. They are slow growers and confirm their existence in soil by producing
varied antimicrobial compounds. The cultures were isolated from soil samples picked up from Indore region. They were
characterised as Streptomyces, Actinomadura, Pseudonocardia Saccharomonospora, Kitasatosporia and
Streptoverticillium according to Bergey’s Manual. Streptomyces dominated in the collection as they are the fast growers.
We have screened more than two hundred actinomycetes for their capacity to inhibit bacteria and fungi. All the isolates
were first screened by plate assay method and the selected ones by submerged fermentation process. Around forty per
cent of the isolates were found to be active antimicrobial producers. Optimization of fermentation period, production
medium and process parameters was done to achieve high yield of the bioactive compound. The antibiotics produced by
our isolates were broad spectrum and was found to be effective against multiple drug resistant microorganisms. The
effectiveness of the antimicrobials approves their ability to be commercialized.
Keywords: Streptomycetes, Storehouse, Bioactive, Compounds, Enzymes, Production, Antibiotics
Studies on the parasitism of Mermis nigrescens Dujardin (Mermithida:
Mermithidae: Nematoda) associated with paddy Grasshoppers in district Badin
and its adjoining areas, Pakistan
Azra Naz Soomro, Riffat Sultana and Muhammad Saeed Wagan
Department of Zoology, University of Sindh, Jmahsoro, PAKISTAN
Abstract: Rice is considered the most precious crop in Badin to reduce attack of Pest grasshoppers million of acres of
land are sprayed with insecticides. Parasites have been observed infecting high percentage of grasshoppers and may be
of interest of biological control. Nematodes of genus Mermis parasitize many species of grasshoppers. At the present
some observations has been made to note the parasitism of Mermis nigrescens Dujardin. Out of 748 collected specimens
411 were found infected with M.nigrescens while 337 were uninfected and greater infection was reported in the Oxya
velox and Oxya hyla hyla which were the most abundant grasshoppers in rice fields and least infection was reported in
the Ailopus species. It has been observed that if grasshoppers parasitized by one mermithid, grasshoppers lived for a few
day following nematode emergence, but those attacked by more than one mermithid usually died prior to nematode
emergence. During the field survey it has been also reported that different sizes of individual mermithid coils were found
in the soil from field where nematodes were parasitizing grasshoppers but no other insect. During the present study
incidence and parasitism of M.nigrescens was reported on the 09 host species of grasshoppers from district Badin. The
incidence increased with the increase in humidity after the monsoons during the month of August and September it was
significantly higher. However, parasitism ration was reported ten times greater in flooded rice fields than in grasslands.
The rice crop remained in the field from June to October and pits were dug from November to June. When these fields
were free from irrigation water the maximum number of nematodes were found in the first three months after harvest.
Keywords: Rice.
Systematic status of Conocephalinae (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea) Ensifera of
Pakistan
Riffat Sultana, Waheed Ali Panhwar and Muhammad Saeed Wagan
Department of Zoology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, PAKISTAN
Abstract: A total of 731 specimens of Conocephalinae were collected from various provinces of Pakistan the material
was sorted out into 06 species namely: Conocephalus (Anisoptera) maculates (Le Guillou, 1841), Euconocephalus
incertus,Walker 1869 Euconocephalus indicus (Redtenbacher, 1891) , Euconocephalus nasutus Thunberg, 1815.
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Euconocephalus mucro de Haan, 1842 and Euconocephalus pallidus, Redtenbacher, 1891, pertaining to 2 tribes viz:
Copiphorini and Conocephalini. Beside this, two distinguish color forms in tegmina and wings of Conocephalus
(Anisoptera) maculates was also observed in some specimens tegmina and wings are white in color and without spots
whereas in majority of specimens tegmina are dark in color and having spots. These findings have great value regarding
the morphological characters of species when comparison has been done with already described species. This study was
supported by grants received from Pakistan Science Foundation Islamabad for Research Project No PSF/S-SU/BIO
(423).
Keywords: Systematic, status, Conocephalinae (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea), Ensifera.
Study on the taxonomy of Attractomorpha acutipenis (G.Meneville, 1844)
(Orthoptera: Acridoidea: Pyrgomorphidae) from upper Sindh, Pakistan
Faheem Solangi, Riffat Sultana and Muhammad Saeed Wagan
Abstract: An extensive survey for the genus Attractomorpha Saussure, 1862 was carried out from various localities of
upper Sindh during the year 2013. At the present a large number of specimens have been collected. In addition to this,
taxonomic status of Attractomorphs acutipenis is updated according to the modern classification. Besides, this there is a
significant variation has been reported in morphological characters of species when comparison has been done with
other species of this genus.
Keywords: Taxonomy, Attractomorpha acutipenis (G.Meneville, 1844), Orthoptera: Acridoidea: Pyrgomorphidae
Preliminary observations on the distributions of Oedipodinae
(Orthoptera: Acridiodea: Acrididae) from Nara desert Khairpur, Sindh,
Pakistan
Fakhra Soomro1, Muhammad Saeed Wagan1, Riffat Sultana1 and Abdul Rasool Abbasi2
1Department of Zoology University of Sindh, Jamshoro, PAKISTAN
2Dean Faculty of Natural Science, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, PAKISTAN
Abstract: Grasshopper fauna has been studied for the first time from Nara desert. During the present study extensive
survey has been carried out from different areas of Nara desert during year 2012- 2013. A total of 214 specimens were
collected from different localities of Nara desert i-e Mountainous, rocky, loose sandy, arid and semi arid areas. The
collected material brought to laboratory then preserved by standard entomology method and sorted into 06 genera
pertaining to 07 species i.e Hilethera aeolopoides Uvarov 1923, Aiolopus thallassinus thallassinus Faib 1853, Trilophidia
annulata Thunberg 1873, Locusta migratoria Linnaeus 1758, Acrotylus humbertinus Saussure 1884, Sphingonotus
rubisens rubiscens Walker 1870, S. savignyi Saussure 1884 of Oedipodinae..It was also observed that above Phytophiles
species also shows the marked Xerophilic tendency to survive in the extreme dry condition and it is very interesting to
note that all the species has been collected for the first time from this area. Present study suggests that it is good contribution
in the biodiversity of desert insect fauna.
Keywords: Distributions, Oedipodinae (Orthoptera: Acridiodea: Acrididae), Nara desert Khairpur
Biology and Economic Importance of Poekilocerus pictus (Fabricus, 1775)
(Pyrgomorphidae: Acridoidae: Orthoptera) from district Shikarpur, Sindh,
Pakistan
Iltaf Ahmed Soomro, Riffat Sultana and Muhammad Saeed Wagan
Department of Zoology University of Sindh, Jamshoro, PAKISTAN
Abstract: Poekilocerus. pictus (Fab.) is commonly known as Akk grasshopper. It is considered a pest of varieties of
crops i.e cow pea, okra, brinjal, castor, citrus, papaya, wheat, alfalfa, corn and cotton but it is principal pest of Caltrops
gigantean in Sindh. During the present study its important life parameters i-e mating, copulation, oviposition behavior
and development of different instars were studied. A total of 2163 specimen including both (immature and mature) were
collected from different localities of district Shikarpur .In addition to this, it was also reported that P.pictus is bi -annul
in nature it passed through six nymphal stages and adult being the seventh stages. At the present over all developmental
75
period was reported (62.60±5.98days) for male and (56.7±1.88 days) for female while duration of pre copulation was
recorded (5.1±0.77 days) and the length of copulation was (8.5±5.01 hrs) and total no of mating before egg laying was
noted (14.3±2.1), pre oviposition period was noted (14.5 1.43days) while oviposition period was reported (2.28±0.66
hrs). Beside this slight variation were studied in the morphology of egg pods and an egg of Akk grasshopper the size of
egg pods was calculated (45.11±1.19 mm) and weight was (0.82 gms) . Similarly egg size was (7.75±0.25 mm) for fresh
egg and (6.07±0.61mm) for dry eggs. P.pictus laid maximum (1.8±0.78) egg pods during entire period of life and total no
of eggs per pod were counted (79.8±16.12). The result of such study will be instrumental in understanding and devising
population management strategies to adopt control measure at appropriate time.
Keywords: Biology, Economic Importance, Poekilocerus pictus (Fabricus, 1775), Pyrgomorphidae, Acridoidae,
Orthoptera
Some observation on the incidence of Oxyinae (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from
Sukkur division, Sindh, Pakistan
Nuzhat Soomro1, Riffat Sultana1, Muhammad Saeed Wagan1 and Abdul Rasool Abbasi2
1Department
2Dean
of Zoology University of Sindh, Jamshoro, PAKISTAN
Faculty of Natural Science, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, PAKISTAN
Abstract: Oxya is reported as severe pest of rice crop in Pakistan including Sindh. During present study a total of 163
specimens has been collected from various localities of Sukkur division. The collected material was sorted out into 04
species i-e. Oxya hyla hyla Serville 1831, O.velox Fabricius, 1787, O.fuscovitatta Marschall, 1836 and O.bidentata,
Willemse, 1925. Presently significant variations have been noted in the morphological characteristics and differs in body
parameters of species. Hopefully, present study will be beneficial for the pest control agencies in Sindh, Pakisatn.
Keywords: Oxyinae (Orthoptera: Acrididae), Sukkur division
Some studies on the Immature Stages of the Acrida exaltata (Acridinae:
Orthoptera) from Sukkur Division, Pakistan
Sajjad Ali Larik1, Riffat Sultana1, Muhammad Saeed Wagan1 and Imran Khatri2
1Department
2Department
of Zoology University of Sindh, Jamshoro, PAKISTAN
of Entomology, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, PAKISTAN
Abstract: Grasshoppers are polyphagus insect pest. They cause considerable damage to many precious crops in Sindh.
Amongst these Acrida exaltata Dirsh, 1961 is reported as severe pest of rice in Sindh including Sukkur. During the field
survey it was observed that immature stages of grasshoppers are more injurious to crops due to lacking of wings. It was
therefore, felt necessary and an attempt has been made to study the life-cycle of this pest. Actually, Acrida exaltata
comprises on six nymphal instars and all the developmental stages having significant difference with each other.
Furthermore, Identification key and measurement of different body parts are also provided for easily reorganization of
instars.
Keywords: Immature, Stages, Acrida exaltata (Acridinae: Orthoptera), Sukkur Division
Reduction in the Faces Production and Food Consumption by three Rice
Grasshoppers after Infection with Aspergillus species from Badin Sindh, Pakistan
Santosh Kumar, Riffat Sultana and M. Saeed Wagan
Abstract: During the present study three rice pest species i-e Pokilocerus pictus, Hieroglyphus nigrorepletus and Oxya
velox were treated with three Aspergillus species under laboratory condition. It was observed that infestation of Aspergillus
cause significant reduction in the feeding and over all faeces production per insect i-e (F. (0.70) = 13.09, F. (0.83) = 14.84,
F. (0.75) =13.09 and F. (1.74)=04.36 P<0.05) for P. pictus, (F. (0.62) = 11.34, F. (0.86)= 15.36 , F. (0.78)= 13.44 and F. (1.59)=
02.62 P<0.05) for H.nigrorepletus and (F. (0.64) = 11.34 , F. (0.64)= 11.34, F. (0.71)= 13.09 and F. (0.78)= 14.84 P<0.05) for
O. velox when treated with three pathogenic fungi and control respectively. Individual analyses for each date revealed
that, generally, faeces production per insect decreased with dose, with controls significantly higher than the treated
populations.
Keywords: Reduction, faces, production, food, consumption, rice, grasshoppers, Aspergillus species
76
Morphological description and distribution of tribe Trigonocoryphini
(Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea: Phaneropterinae) from Pakistan
Waheed Ali Panhwar, Riffat Sultana and Muhammad Saeed Wagan
Department of Zoology University of Sindh, Jamshoro, PAKISTAN
Abstract: At the present 03 species of tribe Trigonocoryphini i-e Trigonocorypha unicolor, T.angustata and
Trigonocorypha sp.were collected from the agriculture fields from various provinces of Pakistan during the year 20122013.The collected specimens has been preserved by standard entomological method. In addition to this a detail
morphological description and distributional maps were also provided. Besides this, T.unicolor and T.angustata were
reported as new records for Pakistan .Hopefully addition of these species enhance the Tettigonioidea wealth of Pakistan.
This study was supported by grants received from Pakistan Science Foundation Islamabad for Research Project No PSF/
S-SU/BIO (423).
Keywords: Morphological, description, distribution, tribe, Trigonocoryphini, Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea: Phaneropterinae
Study on the Natural Enemies of Grasshoppers from Pakistan
Yawar Saeed, Riffat Sultana and Muhammad Saeed Wagan
Department of Zoology, university of Sindh, Jamshoro, PAKISTAN
Abstract: At the present 09 species of birds i-e Acridotheres tristis (L), Coracias benghalensis (L),, Corvus splendens
Viellot, C.macrorhynchus Waglar, Dicrurus adsimilis, Haliaster indus, Milvusmigrans govinda Sykes, Anas olatyrhynchos
and Gallus domesticus were recorded as severe predators of grasshoppers these studied species feeding on nymphs as
well as adults stages of grasshoppers.
Keywords: Study, natural, enemies, grasshoppers
Chemical Composition of the essential oil from Majorana hortensis Moench
from Western Ghats region of South India and its Invitro cytotoxicity of the
against Human Breast cell line (MCF-7) and HeLa cell line
S. Alarmal Mangai and Subban Ravi
Department of Chemistry, Karpagam University, Eachaneri –Post, Coimbatore-641021 Tamil nadu, INDIA
Abstract: The aim of this study is to evaluate the chemical composition of essential oil of Majorana hortensis Moench
of Lamiaceae family from Western Ghats region of South India and to find its cyto toxicity against two human cell linesbreast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) .The essential oil from the plant was extracted
by hydro distillation method using Clevenger type apparatus. The compounds were analysed by GC-MS method and
identified by NIST library verification. The invitro cytotoxicity analysis of the essential oil was done by MTT assay
method. Eighteen compounds were identified and the trans-sabinene hydrate(20.308%) and 4-terpineol(32.647%) as the
major compounds along with other constituents like gamma-Terpinoline(13.203%),alpha-terpinene(5.75%),Dlimonene(3.363%) and linalool acetate(2.949%). The IC50 value was found to be 52.8 µg/ml against HeLa cell line and
40µg/ml against MCF-7 cell line. The study has concluded that the oil belongs sabinene hydrate/terpinen-4-ol chemo
type which is more fragrant and has potent cyto toxicity.
Keywords: Majorana hortensis Moench, GC-MS, Trans-Sabinene hydrate, Terpene-4-ol, MTT assay, IC50 Value.
Modulations of Lactate dehydrogenase in Endoplasmic reticulum stress:
Relevance of microRNA-23a
R. Grace Raji and V.B. Sameer Kumar
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Central University of Kerala, Padannakad, Kasargod Dist, Kerala, INDIA
Abstract: The abnormal tumour micro-environment has a major role in metabolic reprogramming, particularly shifting
of cells to aerobic glycolysis and lactate production. The use of sugar analogues as anti-tumour chemotherapeutic agent
to target the energy metabolism has been reported to induce ER stress. The present study was designed, to analyse the
effect of ER stress towards survival of the treated cells under hypoxic conditions. When ER stress was induced in cancer
cells by treating them with thapsigargin, the treated cells exhibited an increased expression of LDH A and LDH B genes
77
accompanied by increased total cellular LDH activity. Further, 3’UTR analysis of LDHA and B mRNA revealed site for
miR23a on it and the expression levels of these genes to the expression of miR23a was found to be reciprocally related
in ER stress induced cells. ER stress mediated calcium and PKC elevation can induce oncogene c-myc, which can
transcriptionally repress miR23a resulting in greater expression of their target protein. The results obtained suggests
that, induction of ER stress in cancer cells can render them more adaptive to hypoxic conditions by switching on to
efficient glycolytic pathway. Therefore the use of sugar analogues as chemotherapeutic agents may not be beneficial.
Keywords: sugar analogues, ER stress, thapsigargin, LDH A and B, 3’UTR.
Evaluation of Antioxidant activity of Cyperusrotunduson Oxidative stress in
Streptozotocin – induced Diabetic Rats
Gayathri Devi S, Sophia D and Saroja S
Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher
Education for Women, Coimbatore – 641 043, TN, INDIA
Abstract: The present investigation was undertaken to study the effect of aqueous extract of the rhizome of
Cyperusrotundus (400mg/kg b.w) on oxidative stress in the diabetic rats.Theactivities of enzymic antioxidants such as
catalase,superoxide dismutaseand glutathione peroxidaseandthe levels of non enzymicantioxidants such as ascorbic
acid, á-tocopherol and glutathionewas determined in the liver of the control, diabetic and C. rotundustreated rats.A
significant increase in the activities of enzymic (catalase- 7.12U/mg, superoxide dismutase –85.9U/mg and glutathione
peroxidase - 8.90U/mg)in the C. rotundustreated rats was observed when compared to diabetic rats. The levels of non
enzymic antioxidants (ascorbic acid - 0.06mg/g,á-tocopherol- 0.39mg/g and glutathione 8.98nm/g tissue) were also
brought back to near normal range upon Cyperusrotundustreatment. This study suggests that the extracts of C.rotundus
possess promising effects against oxidative stress in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.
Keywords: Cyperusrotundus, oxidative stress, streptozotocin, antioxidants, diabetes mellitus.
Flavonoid rich Fractions of Sesbania grandiflora exhibit Pro- angiogenic
properties
T.V. Sruthi., K. Haritha., Lakshmi Chandran and V.B. Sameer Kumar.*
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Central University of Kerala, Padannakkad, Kasargod, Kerala, INDIA
Abstract: Sesbania grandiflora, which belongs to the plant family, fabacea is being used as folk medicine in India. In
the present study, flower extracts of the plant were tested for its angiogenic potencies, the process by which new blood
vessels are formed from pre-existing vasculature. For this the shade dried and powdered flower was extracted with a
number of solvents ranging in polarity. Ethanolic extracts of this flower was found to promote angiogenesis in chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids in ethanolic extract.
column chromatography and TLC were adopted for separation and purification of the active principle. Fraction 7 was
found to be angiogenic in nature and its pro- angiogenic nature was proved by its ability to induce VEGF gene expression
in that CAM samples. The result presented here suggest that the components of Fr7 obtained during TLC fractionation of
fraction 6 obtained from the fractionation of the ethanolic extracts on silica column is pro-angiogenic in nature. The
identification of the individual components in the fraction would greatly help in identify a pro -angiogenic compound
that can be used to treat ischemic conditions.
Keywords: Sesbania grandiflora, angiogenesis, CAM assay, flavanoids, VEGF.
Spectroscopic Analysis for determination of Genotypic Variations among
Selected Microalgae
Suresh kumar P, Jayachithra EV, Jibu Thomas*
Dept. of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Karunya University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy is a high resolution and whole-organism fingerprinting
technique as it reflects the biochemical composition of intact cells. The molecular composition of different strains of the
same species is often distinct, spectral analysis is capable of discriminating, classifying and identifying microorganisms
down to the strain or serotype level. In the present study, four species of microalgae are studied for their variations in
spectral data, which showed striking differences on their major macromolecules. Scenedesmusobliquus have intense
78
peaks in the lipids and protein spectral regions when compared with other organisms, while the individual peaks of the
each spectrum are parallel to each other in the respective spectral regions. Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella pyrenedosaand
Euglena gracilispossessmoderate and less intense peaks in the sub sequential order in all the five spectral regions viz.,
Amide A, CH2 symmetric lipids, Amide I, Amide II, C-C stretched lipids.Hierarchical clustering using FTIR spectraresulted
in dendrogram with clear discrimination among the species. To support this hypothesis, phylogenetic analysis is carried
out using the 16S rDNA sequences of these microalgal strains and the resulting dendrogram showedsimilar cluster
differences asevident in FTIR analysis. It is assumed that themajor macromolecules studied are the expressions of smaller
or greater part of the genome. It is concluded that the combination of phylogenetic analysis and the FTIR spectra provides
the effective way of discriminating the species and provides an advantage of simultaneous determination of biochemical
composition of the species.
Keywords: Spectroscopic, analysis, determination, genotypic, variations, selected, microalgae.
Solid State Fermentation for the Production of Inulinase using Aspergillus Niger
*Shruti Arya1 and Sadhana Nighojkar2
1Maharaja
Ranjit Singh College of Professional Sciences, Khandwa Road, Indore, INDIA
Gujri College of Professional Studies, AB Road, Indore, INDIA
2Mata
Abstract: Inulinases are classified as hydrolases in many organisms like fungi. The product of inulinase is fructose
which is more sweeter than sucrose, therefore fructose is widely used in many foods, pharmaceutical and beverages.
Inulinases are hydrolase group of enzyme and cleave at the â-2,1 linkage of inulins yielding fructose & glucose. It is
present as an alternative to sucrose. Production/Isolation of inulinase was done by solid state fermentation on solid
substrates rice husk and corn flour. Enzyme assay was performed and maximum enzyme productivity was found on 10th
day i.e., 48µmol/min/ml. After isolation partial purification was done in which 0-90% Ammonium sulphate fractionation
was done, the protein concentration was 1173µg/ml. Then Gel filtration chromatography was done, in which 37µmol/
min/ml enzyme activity was found. This indicates an enzyme recovery of 77% after ammonium sulphate fractionation
and gel filtration.
Keywords: Solid, state fermentation, production, inulinase, Aspergillus Niger.
Some studies on the taxonomic status of the genus Aiolopus Fieber
(Acrididae: Acridoidea: Orthoptera) from Pakistan
Barkat Ali Bughio, Riffat Sultana and Muhammad Saeed Wagan
Abstract: At the present orthopteran fauna in agricultural fields of Pakistan were investigated. The large numbers of
specimens have been collected from different provinces of Pakistan during the year 2011-2012. Three species andsubspecies
namely Aiolopus thalassinus thalassinus, Fabricius, A.thalassinus tumulus, Fabricius, and A.simulatrix simulatrix, Walker,
of subfamily Oedipodinae were came in collection. However, the most dominant and widely distributed species was
Aiolopus thalassinus thalassinus its distribution has been reported throughout country. Besides this, some important
characters of male and female genitalia have also been studied. All above studied species were recognized as severe pest
of many valued crops in Pakistan. Present investigation has been carried out for the first time from this region.
Keywords: Orthopteran, Aiolopus, pest, genitalia, distribution, Pakistan.
Optimization of Physico-Chemical Parameters for Skin and Bulb of Allium cepa
Manasa Machavarapu, Manoj Kumar Sindiri, Shaik Fareen and Meena Vangalapati
Dept of Chemical Engineering, Andhra University, A.P, INDIA
Abstract: Onion, pharmacologically known as Allium cepa, is found in every household. Onions are one of the richest
sources of flavonoids and organosulphur compounds. Both the skin and bulb of the Allium ceapa are rich sources of
flavonoids. In the present study, the comparison of quercetin was carried out between skin and bulb of Allium cepa.
Optimization of physico-chemical parameters namely effects of different solvents, different solvent percentages, soaking
time, different amounts of skin and bulb of Allium cepa and different pH for the extraction of quercetin, were studied.
The quercetin content in the bulb of Allium cepa was found to be 2.763 µg/mL for 60% (v/v) methanol, 1 d, 1.5% (w/v)
and pH of 7.0 where as for the skin the value was found to be 185.309 µg/mL. for 80% (v/v) methanol, 1d, 1% (w/v) and
pH 5.5 respectively. From the present study, we conclude that skin of Allium cepa shows the highest amount of quercetin
content when compared with bulb of Allium cepa
Keywords: Skin and bulb of Allium cepa, quercetin, extraction.
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Preliminary Study on Incidence, Morphology and Phallic complex of Locusta
migratoria Linnaeus and Gastrimargus africanus sulphureus, Bei-Bienko
(Acrididae, Acridoidea, Orthoptera) from Pakistan
Barkat Ali Bughio, Riffat Sultana, Muhammad Saeed Wagan and Waheed Panhwar
Department of Zoology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, PAKISHTAN
Abstract: The present study has been carried out on 750 specimens that were collected from various agricultural areas.
The main component of diagnosis to studies external morphology, their incidence, phallic complex and distribution
throughout Pakistan. Locusta migratoria Linnaeus and Gastrimargus africanus sulphureus, Bei-Bienko. Both of these
known as major pest of crops, Vegetables and pastures in country. When their numbers increased they pose threat to
fodder crops by eating the cropping portion of plants. They are seen enormous during March to end of October. Important
characters from taxonomic point of view as well as Structure of Pronotum presence of carina, antennal segments ,tegmina
coloration and features of phallic complex was studied to confirm the position of incidence and distribution. Epiphallic
characters are considered authentic to diagnose accurately. The distribution of these two Orthopteran at province level
are also considered.
Keywords: Preliminary, Study, Incidence, Morphology, Phallic complex, Locusta, migratoria, Linnaeus, Gastrimargus,
africanus, sulphureus, Bei-Bienko, Pakistan.
A Survey of Various life forms of Aquatic Vascular Plants in Nimar-Ecoregion
of Madhya Pradesh, India
Shakun Mishra1 and S.K.Mahajan2
1Botany
2Former
Department, S.N.Govt.P.G.College, Khandwa, MP, INDIA
Professor, of Botany, Govt.P.G.College, Khargone-451001, MP, INDIA
Abstract: The present communication deals with the aquatic plants which occur in Nimar eco-region of M.P. This
region includes four districts namely Barwani, Burhanpur, Khandwa and Khargone. The area is occupied mainly by
Satpura hills. According to Cowardin et al(1979) aquatic plantsare those which grow in water or on a substrate that is at
least deficient in oxygen as a result of excessive water content. Aquatic plants are supposed to be evolved from terrestrial
plants invading water in 50 – 100 separate events. Approximately 60% of aquatic plants have ranges on more than one
continent. Aquatic plants may be ferns or angiosperms( from both monocot and dicot families).Sea weeds are not vascular
plants but plants. The important aquatic families are Cyperaceae, Poaceae, Juncaceae (amongMonocot) and Asteraceae,
Polygonaceae, Lemnaceae ( among Dicot ). Marsileaceae and Salviniaceae are families which belong to Pteridophytes
consisting mainly of ferns. multicellular marine algae and therefore not typically included in the category of aquatic. The
present survey was done during the year 2011-2012 and in this connection various aquatic places which were visited in
different districts of this ecoregion are Kamal talai (Oon), Dhobariya talab ( Barwani), Sinkheda talab, Nagchoon talab
(Khandwa), Virla pond and Rui talab. This is the first taxonomic account which deals with such types of life forms in this
region. In all 44 species (23 monocot, 21 Dicot) belonging to 37 genera ( 19 monocot, 17 Dicot) and 22 families ( 8
Monocot and 14 Dicot) were encountered in the survey. Families in the group other than the angiosperm include
Marsileaceae and Salviniaceae. The percentage of the Monocot and Dicot families is 36 and 64 and of species is 51.5
and 48.5 is respectively. Important life forms collected during this survey are as follows: + Submerged plants –Hydrilla,
Najas etc. + Free floating plants- Lemna, Azolla Salvinia etc. + Floatin g(rooted)- Nymphioides, Vallisaeria etc. +
Amphibious plants_ Marsilea, Polygonum, Ipomoea, Alternanthera, etc.
Keywords: Hydrophytes, macrophytes, ferns, aquatic angiosperms
Deteriorative effect of Fungal Pathogens in Seeds from Dhule District of
Maharashtra, India
K.N. Borse
P.G. Department of Botany, S.S.V.P.S’s L.K.Dr.P.R.Ghogray Science College, Dhule (M.S.) 424005, INDIA
Abstract: Seeds samples of Cereals, Pulses and oils were collected from three tahshil markets, one district market, Crop
Research and Seed multiplication farm of Agriculture College, Dhule, Maharashtra for screening the fungal contaminant
associated with seeds under storage condition. Almost all the seed samples of all localities were found to be contaminated
with different fungal pathogens. Maximum fungal colonies growth was recorded in seeds collected from Shirpur market.
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Maize, Sorghum, Bajra and Ground nut seeds were found to be suitable substrate for fungal growth during storage.
Species of Aspergillus , Curvularia, Alternaria were recorded abundant contaminant as compared to others.
Keywords: Deterioration, fungal pathogens, seeds.
Estimation of Corosolic acid, a Type –II Anti-Diabetic Agent, in different parts
of Lagerstroemia speciosa L. and its in vitro evaluation of free radical
Scavenging Activities
Sajan. J. S1, Padmesh .P. Pillai1, Suja. S. R2, Sabulal Baby3, Jayakumar. K. S1, Krishnan. P. N1
1Biotechnology
& Bioinformatics Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and research Institute, Palode,
Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, INDIA
2Ethnomedicine & Ethnopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and research Institute, Palode,
3Phytochemistry &Phytopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and research Institute, Palode,
Abstract: Lagerstroemia speciosa L. (L.S, Banaba, Crape myrtle) belonging to the family Lythraceae is commonly used
in Ayurvedic and folk medicine to treat diabetics in various parts of the world, primarily south east Asia. The active
principle is Corosolic acid (CRA) which is having anti-diabetic as well as anti-obese properties. Though CRA has been
estimated in L.S, its reliable estimation in various parts of L. speciosa is scarce. The present study aims at determining
the free radical scavenging activity as well as CRA content in various parts of the plant which will help in finding the
naturally occurring antioxidants and antidiabetic compound in this species. Quantitative estimation using HPLC and
HPTLC among accessions across the state of Kerala showed mean CRA content of 0.85% dr.wt in mature leaves. Various
assays like DPPH, reducing power, lipid peroxidation and phenolic content estimation revealed the beneficial role of
CRA in maintaining the normal blood glucose level without any adverse effects. A marked antioxidant activity of the leaf
extract was observed in this study. The observed activity could be related to the presence of appreciable amount of
phenolic contents and other compounds especially the CRA. The results indicate that the observed antioxidant activity
may be associated with the anti-diabetic properties. Further studies on toxicity determination, isolation and determination
of antioxidant activity of active principles in leaves are being carried out.
Keywords, Lagerstroemia speciosa, corosolic acid, HPLC, HPTLC, DPPH
Male Factor Infertility, Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants:
A Critical Review
Rahul B. Patil1, Shreya R. Vora2 and Meena M. Pillai3
1Department
of Zoology, Veer Wajekar Arts, Science & Commerce College, MahalanVibhag, Phunde, Tal.: Uran, Dist.:
Raigad, Navi Mumbai- 400 702, INDIA
2Department of Zoology, Mahatma Phule Arts, Science & Commerce College, Panvel, Navi Mumbai –410 206, INDIA
3Department of Biotechnology, K.I.T.’s College of Engineering, Kolhapur- 415 005, INDIA
Abstract: Excessive production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in the testes has been a major contributory factor to
the infertility. Oxidative stress has attracted enormous interest in researchers in recent period. Reactive oxygen species
are continuously formed in the cells by various metabolic & physiological processes. Oxidative stress is result of imbalance
between ROS level & label of antioxidants in the body which can lead to Sperm DNA damage, in viability, deformity and
eventually infertility. High concentration of ROS in semen may cause infertility. But many evidences demonstrate sperm
capacitation & acrosome reactions are associated with extracellular production of superoxide anions. It is thought to
originate from a membrane ‘oxidase’. Apart from self-defense antioxidant system against ROS, recent research provided
some strong evidences of consuming dietary supplement containing polyphenols, flavonoids etc. This article reviews
production of ROS, impact of oxidative stress on sperm physiology & antioxidant strategies to reduce oxidative stress.
Keywords: Oxidative stress, antioxidants, flavonoids, spermatozoa, lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species etc.
Carbon dioxide tolerant Chlorella sp for biodiesel production
L. Josephine Jenifa and Ravindran A.D.
Department of Biology, Gandhigram Rural Institute - Deemed University, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: The global carbon cycle has altered significantly due to extensive use of fossil fuels, coal etc. This lead to
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increase in the emission of green house gases such as CO2, CH4, NO2 and fluorocarbon. In order to achieve environmental
and economic sustainability, renewable, carbon neutral fuels are required that are also capable of sequestering atmospheric
carbon dioxide. In this connection, pond water samples were collected and they were inoculated in BG11 medium for the
isolation and identification of Chlorella sp. The biomass and lipid content of Chlorella sp cultured with the supply of 10
% CO2 were 3.97± 0.07 g /L and 35.1± 0.52%, while those with ambient air were 1.82± 0.05 g /l and 28.1 ± 0.91% after
stipulated day of cultivation. The growth rate was found to be maximum upto 40% CO2. The same trend of biomass with
variations in the supply of CO2 (10% to 60%) was also observed for the chlorophyll content. High lipid content of
Chlorella sp was recorded at 10% (35.1 ± 0.52 %) and 20% CO2 (32.6 ±0.63%). On the basis of the results of the present
investigation, it could be concluded that Chlorella sp would be a promising strain to grow at high CO2 concentrations.
The present investigation would have the advantages of environmental protection and renewable resource generation
with special reference to bio diesel production through Chlorella sp.
Keywords: Chlorella sp, Carbon dioxide tolerance, biomass, lipid, biodiesel.
Community Structure of Macrophyte associated Invertebrates in a Tropical
Kole wetland, Kerala, India
K.P. Rakhi Gopalan., S. Bijoy Nandan and S. Vineetha
Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and
Technology, Kochi, Kerala-682016, INDIA
Abstract: Aquatic macrophytes are a common habitat for macroinvertebrates and may occupy depth zones in the littoral
region of wetlands. Studies have indicated that, different species of macrophytes typically support different assemblages,
abundance and number of species of macroinvertebrates. Maranchery, the Kole wetlands lying at 100 72’ N latitude and
750 98’ E longitude with an area of 500 acres is an important wetland habitat spread over Veliamkode and
Marancherypanchayatsin Malappuram district in Kerala state and is an important Ramsar site. It is a complex ecological
system which lies submerged under water for about six months in a year giving it both terrestrial and water related
properties. The studies were carried out during December 2010 to November 2011 of the year at four different stations.
In the present study 11 macrophyte species were observed among which Eichornia crassipes, Eutricularia inflate, Salvinia
natans, Hydrilla verticillata are more common and showed maxium abundance of macroinvertebrates. In a three taxa of
macro invertebrates, insect as well as non-insect forms were recorded from four sampling stations, belonging to Annelida,
Mollusca and Arthropoda. Arthropoda was the dominant phyla of class Insecta, Crustacea and Arachnida were present.
Annelida was the second dominant phyla represented by two classes Hirudinea and Oligochaeta. Mollusca were only
represented by families, Lymnaeidae and Planorbidae. The species rich class Insecta is itself an assemblage of different
forms extending to 7 different orders. Numerical abundance of macro invertebrate was maximum in monsoon season in
Station four (400No./m2) this station have highly infested with Eichornia crassipes. While water depth and total plant
biomass of samples were often correlated with invertebrate abundance and richness, these relationships were different
for each macrophyte species. Of the three most common invertebrate taxa collected from all samples, the abundances of
more than half showed consistent differences among macrophyte species across months. From the present study, waterlevel fluctuation, because of its influence on the appearance and growth of aquatic vegetation, and the trophic state of
water within the macrophyte stands seemed to be the main factors which affected the taxonomic composition and abundance
of macroinvertebrates.
Keywords: Macrophyte, macroinvertebrate, kole, water, wetland.
Improved Shoot Multiplication Using Paclobutrazol in the Triploid Banana –
‘Poovan’ (AAB)
Anjana R.G. Nair2, P. Ravichandran1 and M. Bejoy2
1Jawaharlal
Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Tissue Culture Unit, Plant Genetic Resource Division,
Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, INDIA
2SPK Centre for Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sudaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tamil Nadu INDIA
Abstract: Musa cv. ‘Poovan’ is a popular banana variety grown in Kerala and Tamil Nadu. It is a triploid (AAB) cultivar.
Their fruits are Palatable, with sweet aroma and attractive colour on ripening, but the plant is highly susceptible to
Banana Bract Mosaic Viral (BBMV) disease and Banana Streak Virus, (BSV). Thus Poovan cultivation is shrinking in
Kerala. Micropropagated plant materials are uniform, free from transmittable pests and disease and available in large
quantities. In vitro studies were initiated to evaluate the effect of Paclobutrazol (PBZ) on shoot multiplication in Poovan.
Sterile shoot tip explants were initially cultured on MS medium supplemented with different PGR regime. The better
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response of average 7 shoots /explant was recorded in MS medium supplemented with 5 mg L-1 BA in 3 weeks. PBZ was
tested for its suitability in tissue culture multiplication and found that 1 mg L-1 PBZ showed 17% increase (8.2 shoots/
explant) in the rate of production when enriched with shoot multiplication media. The PBZ also influenced the culture
growth in Poovan and the shoot size was reduced to 21.4 mm compared to 41.4mm in PBZ-free medium, enabling the
culture handling easier. The shoots gained normal growth when the cultures were transferred to PBZ-free medium, hence
it is a temporary phenomenon. Shoots were rooted successfully in IBA and the plantlets showed 98%survival in greenhouse
conditions.
Keywords: Paclobutrazol, poovan, Musa, Micropropagation, banana, tissue culture.
Screening of bacteriocin extracted from Lactobacillus acidophilus
Arunava Das*, M.E. Sinduja, N. MohanaPriya, S. Deebika, D. Tharani and A. Karthikeyan
Depat. of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam-638401, Erode Dist., Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: Food borne diseases in animals and bovine mastitis in dairy are caused by various gram positive and gram
negative bacteria, nowadays a matter of great apprehension. In view of this, present study was focused on the production
of bacteriocin and screening of antimicrobial activity against different bacteria responsible for causing food spoilage and
bovine mastitis. The bacteriocin was extracted using De man Rogosa Sharpe medium from Lactobacillus acidophilus
and tested for antagonistc activity againstsix different indicator microorganisms such asListeria monocytogenes,
Escherichia coli, Salmonellaenterica Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus agalactiaeand Staphylococcus
epidermis.The optimal condition for the extraction and partial purification of bacteriocin was standardized. The extraction
of bacteriocin was done using ammonium sulphate precipitation and was partially purified using sephadex column
chromatography.The results from partially purified samplerevealed remarkable increase in the zones of inhibition for
correspondingbacterial speciesofStaphylococcus sp. (18mm) and Streptococcus sp. (15mm) than other strains. The present
study showed the bidding expediency of bacteriocin justifying a more in profound research for their identification and
application as therapeutics and food bio preservative.
Keywords: Lactobacillus acidophilus, Antimicrobialassay, Bacteriocin, Sephadex column chromatography
Advanced Oxidation Processes for the Chemical and Bacterial Decontamination
of Water: Inactivation of Bacillus subtilis by Sonocatalysis
Anju S G, Yesodharan E P. and Suguna Yesodharan*
School of Environmental Studies Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682022, INDIA
Abstract: The sonocatalytic inactivation of gram positive Bacillus subtilis in water in presence of ZnO is studied.
Complete elimination of B.Subtilis is achieved within 6-8 hrs of irradiation at 42 kHz and 100 W. The process results in
cell wall disruption followed by cytoplasmic membrane damage leading to a direct intracellular attack. Presence of
semiconductor particles accelerates the cell wall disruption, intracellular damage and morphology changes of the organism
as seen in the SEM images. ZnO sonocatalysis results in almost permanent bactericidal deactivation and there was no
reappearance of the microorganism even 16 hrs after ultrasound is terminated. Critical parameters for optimum efficiency
of deactivation were identified. The deactivation is practically unaffected by initial pH in the range of 5-9. H2O2 was
formed as a by-product of the deactivation. Being a bactericide by itself, presence of this insitu formed H2O2 will be
enhancing the decontamination, though the individual effect is difficult to be delineated. The use of air as the purging gas
provides a stronger oxidizing environment and gives a higher catalytic effect on bacteria Inactivation while N2 purging
results in decreased activity. This indicates that dissolved O2 plays a sufficient role in the sonocatalytic deactivation of
the organisms. A mechanism involving physical effects and semiconductor activation induced by ultrasound is proposed
based on the events leading to the deactivation of the bacteria.
Keywords: Bacillus subtilis, sonocatalytic, ZnO, semiconductor;
Ecological Studies of Macrophytes of Freshwater Wetlands of
Nagaon District of Assam, India
Saikia Monjit
Department of Botany, Hojai College, Hojai, Nagaon-782435, Assam, INDIA
Abstract: Nagaon district is located on a global position between the latitude 250:47/ N to 260:42/ N and longitude
920:25/ to 930:19/ E. The district contains 379 small and big natural wetlands, out of which 4 are found to be large and
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perennial water bodies (‘Beel’) covering an area of 750 hectares have been selected for the present study i.e. from
January, 2009 to December, 2010. During the study, 110 macrophyte species have been recorded from the study sites,
out of which 8 species were found to be exotic. The aquatic macrophyte species, growing along the marshy edges of the
wetlands formed the dominant ecological category (Emergent anchored, 39.09%) and widely distributed throughout the
wetlands. Some of the macrophytes were found to form carpet and floating mat. The Species Diversity Indices (SDI) of
the plant communities in the different study sites range from 0.40 to 0.69 during summer and from 0.25 to 0.36 during
winter, while SDI of submerged species ranged from 0.07 to 0.09.
Keyword: Macrophyte, wetland, beel, ecological classification, nagaon.
Diagnosis of Probioticbacteria from Commercial Food Stuffs
Arunava Das*, A. Karthikeyan, D. Tharani, N. MohanaPriya, S. Deebika and M.E.Sinduja
Depat. of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Tech., Sathyamangalam-638401, Erode District, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: In the present study, investigation was focused to check the prevalence of LABfrom commercial food stuffs.
Three hundred and eighty nine food samples comprising meat, fish products, milk, dairy products, raw vegetables,
bakery, beverage and fermented rice products were aseptically collected from various randomly selected local retail
shops, local markets and supermarkets of Tamil Nadu.Identification of pure bacterial isolates up to the genus and species
level was done by performing arrays of morphological, biochemical and molecular tests. Bacterial identification revealed40
(10.28%) isolates of Lactobacillusand 22 (5.65%) isolates of Lactococcus. Out 40 isolates of Lactobacillus,L.
plantarumandL. acidophiluswere identified in 22 (55%)and 18 (45%)numbers respectively.All theLactococcusisolates
were identified as Lactococcuslactis22 (100%). In polymerase chain reaction, recA gene (318 bp), 16s-23s rRNA
interspecific spacer region (575 bp) and Gad B(602 bp) gene were detected from isolates of L.plantarum,L. acidophilus
and Lactococcuslactisrespectively. This study suggested that Lactobacillusspecies are more prevalent than the Lactococcus
in the commercial food stuffs.The PCR assays have provedto be a simple, rapid and reliable method for the identification
of Lactobacilli isolates which can be used for probiotic application.
Keywords: Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactococcuslactis, commercial food stuff, probiotic.
Inhibition of Quorum sensing in the Opportunistic Pathogenic bacterium
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa by an oyster Mushroom, Pleurotus Florida (Mont)
P. Silambarasan, R. Sumathy* and R. Kumuthakalavalli
Department of Biology, The Gandhigram Rural Institute – Deemed University, Gandhigram, Dindigul, Tamilnadu, INDIA
Abstract: Quorum sensing (QS) is a system of stimulus and response correlated to bacterial population density.The
increasing incidence of multi-drug resistant pathogens has stimulated the search for novel anti-virulence compounds.
Although many phytochemicals show promising anti microbial activity, their power lies in their anti-virulence properties.
It is hypothesized that many naturally occurring terrestrial plants, algae and fungi traditionally used as medicines may
also produce anti-QS compounds. To test this hypothesis, Pleurotus florida, the oyster mushroom was assessed qualitatively
and quantitatively for its anti-QS activity using a bioreporter strain Pseudomonas aeuroginosa. A special swarm media
that allow swarming motility growth of Pseudomonas aeuroginosa was used to conduct inhibition of swarm motility
assay using mushroom extract. The methanol and chloroform extracts of the mushroom was tested for their inhibition of
AHL (Acyl-Homoserine Lactone) production and biofilm formation. Inhibition of AHL for methanol extract ranged
from 37.89-58.94% and for chloroform extract ranged from 50.05-70.05% at a concentration of 100-500µg/ml. Inhibition
of biofilm formation for methanol extract ranged from 33.9-83.9% and for chloroform extract ranged from 60.07-82.1%
at a concentration of 100-500µg/ml. The results of this study provided evidence that organic solvent extracts of the
mushroom Pleurotus florida exhibited appreciable antiquorum sensing property and it justifies their use in the traditional
medicine for the treatment of different multi-drug resistant microbes. This study is the first documentation that shows
mushrooms had antiquorum sensing activity.
Keywords: Antiquorum, swarming motility, Pleurotus Florida, AHL, biofilm.
Accessional Variations in Rauvolfia Serpentina Seeds
Bindu S1* and C. Anilkumar1
1Jawaharlal
Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden & Research Institute, Pacha-Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala–695 562, INDIA
*Manonmaniam Sundarnar University, Thirunelveli, Tamil Nadu - 627 012, INDIA
Abstract: Rauvolfia serpentina (Apocynaceae) is an endangered medicinal species of commercial importance for its
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resperine-rescinnamine alkaloids. Seed accessions were collected from four physio-geographycally different (elevation
range: 3 – 90 meters above sea level, latitude: 8o52’ – 10o46’N, longitude: 76o15’ – 76o47’E) parts of southern Western
Ghats spreading across the districts of Kollam, Palakkad, Pathanamthitta and Trichur. These accessions showed different
physical (size, colour and weight) as well as physiological (moisture content and germination) features. Since seeds are
the sole propagule with poor germination, possible spatial variations and methods for alleviating dormancy were probed.
Result with various combinations of GA3 pre-treatments for 24 hrs revealed that with concentration of 300 ppm, seed
accessions from Palakkad and Pathanamthitta which are otherwise remained dormant, reported 10 – 20% germination in
a period of 14 days. Other accessions with 30% initial germination registered a hike up to 70 – 80% germination over a
period of 33 days. Hence, R. serpentina seed accessions with dormancy up on GA3 pre-treatment provide more seedlings
for augmenting the conservation of this medicinally important species.
Keywords: Germination, dormancy, moisture content, pre-treatment.
Studies on the Physico - Chemical Parameters of Irrukkankudi dam,
Virudhunagar District, Tamil Nadu, India
Santhi A.S.* and M.K. Rajan
Dept. of Zoology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College (Autonomous), Madurai Kamaraj University, Sivakasi – 626 124, INDIA
Abstract: The present study has been carried out to assess the physical chemical parameters with reference to seasons
over a period of three years from 2011 – 2013 in Irrukkankudi dam, Virudhunagar district, Tamil nadu, India. Various
physical parameters such as, water, temperature, turbidity, total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity and the
chemical parameters such as, pH, Alkalinity, Total hardness were carried out. In addition the ions such as, sodium,
potassium, iron, manganese, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, chloride, fluoride, sulphate and phosphate were also analysed.
The results revealed that the condition of this dam at different seasons showed fluctuation in physico – chemical parameters.
Keywords: Physical parameters, chemical parameters, electrical conductivity, seasonal variations.
Analysis of water Quality parameters in Vembakottai water Reservoir,
Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu, India – A Report
Pulugandi C* and M.K. Rajan
Dept. of Zoology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College (Autonomous), Madurai Kamaraj University, Sivakasi – 626 124, INDIA
Abstract: This paper deals with the physic - chemical parameters of Vembakotttai water reservoir situated in Virudhunagar
district, Tamil Nadu, India. Monthly variation in physical parameters such as, air temperature, water temperature, water
evaporation, turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids and Electrical conductivity and the chemical parameters such as, pH ,
Total Alkalinity, Phenolphthalein Alkalinity, Calcium carbonate Alkalinity, Total hardness were analysed from July 2012
to June 2013. Similarly the anions such as, Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, Manganese and cations such as, Ammonia,
Nitrite, Nitrate, Chloride, Fluoride, Sulphate and Phosphate were also analysed. All the physico – chemical parameters
are fluctuating in relation to seasonally rainfall.
Keywords: Water reservoir, physical parameters, chemical parameters, electrical conductivity, seasonal variations.
Entomological Investigations during on the outbreak of dengue and
Chikungunya vector in certain vicinities of Virudhunagar District, Tamil Nadu,
India
J. John Wilson and SP.Sevarkodiyone
Department of Zoology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College, Sivakasi-626 124, Madurai Kamarajar University, Madurai, INDIA
Abstract: Dengue has become a serious public health problem in India. More than 50 outbreaks of dengue have been
reported in different parts of the country. In India Aedes aegypti Linn (Diptera: Culicidae) is a principal vector of dengue
and dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF). Dengue virus has also been recently detected in Aedes albopictus Skuse. Aedes
aegypti has a widespread distribution in many towns and cities of India. Now this vector is spreading to rural areas also.
In last few years in many villages of Virudhunagar district cases of Dengue, chikungunya and viral fever have been
reported and hence in the present study an attempt has been made to find out the breeding places of dengue vectors in the
different localities of Virudhunagar district. The data on larval survey were analyzed and calculated in terms of different
indices like container index (CI), house index (HI), breteau index (BI), pupal index (PI) as per the WHO procedure7. A
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total of 1246 houses were searched for Aedes breeding and could be detected in 222 houses. About 952 water containers
were searched, out of which 223 found positive for Aedes. The overall house index (HI), container index (CI), breteau
index (BI) and pupal index were 19.58, 23.24, 21.73 and 6.98 respectively.
Keywords: Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, house index, container index, breteau index, pupal index.
Development of a Biosensor based assay using Chicken egg yolk Antibodies
(IgY) for rapid Diagnosis of Rotavirus Infection
Brindha Chelliappan and A.Michael
Department of Microbiology, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore – 641014, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: Rotavirus, ds RNA virus, is the most common cause of severe diarrhoea among infants and young children.
Among them, Group A rotavirus causes >90% of infections in humans. Worldwide 6, 00,000 children under five years of
age die from rotavirus infection each year and almost two million are hospitalized. Hence quick diagnosis is highly
required to avoid unnecessary usage of antibiotics and generation of antibiotic resistance. Currently, ELISA kits based
on anti-VP6 antibodies raised in various animals are used for detection of rotavirus in faecal samples of diarrheal patient.
Even though ELISA tests are conveniently used in laboratories, development of a portable biosensor for rapid detection
is highly desirable for use in hospitals and fields. The present research involves cloning of rotavirus VP6 gene, its
expression in Baculovirus system and purification of VP6 protein. Generation and purification of IgY antibodies against
recombinant VP6 protein from chicken Egg Yolk. IgY antibodies have gained considerable attention in recent years for
their use in immunotherapeutics and diagnostics due to the higher affinity and avidity. Development of ELISA and
biosensor using gold nano particles for diagnosis of rotavirus infection. Comparative field study of commercially available
Gold standard ELISA kits with the developed Biosensor for rapid rotavirus detection.
Keywords: Rotavirus, VP6 gene, cloning, IgY antibodies, ELISA, biosensor.
Strategic implementation of Spectral composition for elevating the Antioxidant
potential of in vitro Generated callus of Bacopa monnieri
Sharma Shaligram, Jain Monica and Billore Vandita
Dept. of Life Sci., Maharaja Ranjit Singh College of Professional Sci., Hemkunt Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore, MP, INDIA
Abstract: Bacopa monnieri is described as medhya rasayana in ayurvedic system of medicine for centuries. The herb
mainly contains Bacosides A and B (tri terpenoid saponins) which are responsible for Bacopa’s ability to enhance nerve
impulse transmission, immunomodulation, cerebral activity and prevent depression. Various other beneficiary activities
of Bacopa in relation to cardiovascular, anti-ulcer and anti-cancerous activity has also been reported. In the present
study we have investigated the antioxidant potential of Bacopa by strategic implementation of narrow band wavelengths
on callus generated in B5 media supplemented with 2,4-D (0.5mg/l), incubated at 25 ± 2 °C for 60 days of growth period.
The influence of different spectral composition (Red, Blue, Yellow, White) on antioxidant potential of Bacopa was
analyzed by studying the variations occurred in morphology of callus along with phytochemical constituents (total phenols
and flavanoids), non-enzymatic antioxidant activities( DPPH and Reducing power) and principle secondary metabolite
(total saponin) content in methanolic extracts of callus. Among all the wavelengths, blue light significantly influenced
the antioxidant potential of callus by exhibiting elevated scavenging activity of DPPH radial, reducing power capacity,
total phenolic, total flavanoid and total saponin content. A high positive correlation was observed in light imparted biotic
stress on the callus with elevation in level of antioxidants and ROS scavenging activity. Hence, development of precise
management and utilization of specific wavelengths can be utilized as alternative tool for effective and high yield production
of callus enriched with biologically active compounds. Our study adds one more positive attribute to Bacopa known
pharmacological properties and hence its use in traditional system of medicine.
Keywords: 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4,D), Antioxidant, Light, Secondary metabolites.
Effect of crude fatty acid extract of Streptomyces sps on Biofilm forming
Candida albicans MTCC 3017
Manickam Rajalakshmi1*, Jagadeesan Raaghavi1, Maria Francis Poffe1,
Venkatesan Brindha Priyadarisini1 and Ponnuraj Srinivasan2
1Department
2Department
of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore – 641046, Tamilnadu, INDIA
of Biotechnology, School of Lifesciences, Karpagam University, Coimbatore – 641021, Tamilnadu, INDIA
Abstract: Candida albicans, a member of the endogenous human microflora, is the most common human pathogen. In
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healthy individuals, outgrowth of C. albicans results in superficial mycoses of the skin, nails, and mucous membranes
whereas with immune compromised individuals can cause severe, life-threatening invasive candidiasis. C. albicans now
ranks as the fourth leading cause of nosocomial infections and is the most common fungal species causing bloodstream
infections, with associated mortality. Effect of crude fatty acid extract of Streptomyces sps isolated from soil on the
biofilm formation by Candida albicans MTCC 3017 was investigated. Totally, 25 Streptomyces sps were isolated and
identified from the soil samples collected at Nilgiris hills. All the isolates were subjected to hydrogen peroxide assay to
identify fatty acid production. Crude fatty acid extracts of all the positive isolates were analyzed for inhibition of biofilm
formed by Candida albicans. The extracts of five isolates AP1, AP8, AP9, AP11 and AP23 showed inhibition percentage
of 80.56%, 93.25%, 79.53%, 85.39% and 73.29% at 50 µg/ml. Furthermore the â-galactosidase activity of extracts
indicated capability of inhibiting the production of enzymes and reducing the hyphal growth of C. albicans. This study
suggests that the crude fatty acid extracts of Streptomyces sps may be useful in preventing biofilm formation by the
pathogen.
Keywords: Candida albicans MTCC 3017, Streptomyces sps, Fatty acid, Biofilm inhibition.
Allium Sativum Peel: Resource for the Identification of Antioxidant and
Biolarvicidal Compounds
Kalai Sevi1, Karthika L.A.2, Ramalingam C.1 and Madhumitha G.2*
1Research
Laboratory, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632 014, INDIA
Research Laboratory, Organic Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore,
Tamil Nadu 632 014, INDIA
2*Chemistry
Abstract: Allium sativum was known as a folk remedy for a variety of ailments since ancient times however very few
studies have been carried out with its peel. The present study was undertaken to investigate the phytochemical constituents
in garlic peel and its biological activities. The peel was subjected to successive extraction with different solvents. The
secondary metabolites present were found by GCMS. Qualitative analysis of the crude extracts showed the presence of
flavonoids, phenolic compounds. The extracts were then subjected for antioxidant property and larvicidal activity. The
extracts showed a potential antioxidant activity and larvicidal property.
Keywords: Allium sativum peel, antioxidant, larvicidal.
Recovery of certain Structural and functional Characteristics in landslide
damaged Sal (Shorea robusta) forest ecosystem of Nepal Himalaya
Tej Narayan Mandal
Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University, Post Graduate Campus, Biratnagar, NEPAL
Abstract: Recovery in certain structural and functional characteristics was studied in five landslide damaged (1"58year-old) sites in the tropical moist Sal (Shorea robusta) forest ecosystem of eastern Siwaliks, Nepal Himalaya.
Comparisions were made with an undisturbed mature Sal forest site located in the same region. In the structural component,
density of herbs and shrubs increased while density of trees decreased consistently with passage of time. Basal area of
trees increased from 11.5 m2 ha-1 to 49.0 m2 ha-1 in 15- year-old and 58- year-old site respectively. Diversity parameters
revealed that the Shannon-Wiener index and the species richness increased while concentration of dominance decreased
with the age. Indices of similarity of species composition increased with the age and nearly stabilized in 58- year - old
site which showed 86-95 % similarity with the mature Sal forest. Stand biomass increased from 0.8 t ha-1 in 1-year-old
site to 547 t ha-1 in 58- year-old site Appreciable amount of fine root was accumulated in woody species from 4.4 t ha-1
in 15- year-old to 7.0 t ha-1 in 58- year-old site. In the functional component, stand net production of vegetation increased
rapidly from 0.9 t ha-1 yr-1 (minimum) in 1-year-old to 26.7 t ha-1 yr-1 (maximum) in 40-year-old site. The total annual
litter fall ranged between 0.3 and 9.7 t ha-1 yr-1 in 1-year-old and 58-year-old site. Substantial fine root production (range
4.3-6.4 t ha-1 yr-1 in e” 15-year age) contributed 20-29 % of total net production in tree dominated sites. In conclusion,
various components of landslide disturbed Sal forest recovered together in an interdependent manner with passage of
time.
Keywords: Recovery, certain, Structural, functional, Characteristics, landslide, damaged Sal (Shorea robusta) forest,
ecosystem, Nepal Himalaya.
87
Occurrences of Staphylococcus and Streptococcus from Food
Arunava Das*, G. Lokeshwari, B. Hema Sindhu, C. Monisha, P. Yasodha and M.E. Sinduja
Dept. of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam-638401, Erode District, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: The present study was focused on the isolation and characterization of Streptococcus and Staphylococcusfrom
389 food samples collected from various randomly selected local retail shops, local markets and supermarkets of
Coimbatore, Erode, Namakkal, Salem and Tiruppur Districts of Tamil Nadu, India were investigated. Bacterial isolates
up to the genus and species level was identified by various morphological, biochemical and molecular test like PCR.
Staphylococcus (64) andStreptococcus (54) species were isolated and identified by standard biochemical tests. All the
Staphylococcus isolates were identified as S. aureus, S. epidermis, S. chromogens, S. haemolyticus, S. simulans, S.
seiuri, and S. xylosusand the Streptococcus isolates were identified as Streptococcus agalactiaeby polymerase chain
reaction. In PCR,the 23S rRNA (894 bp), tuf (370 bp), sod (222 bp), mva A (271 bp), ssm (472 bp), sscg (306 bp) and
16S-23S rRNA spacer region genes were detected for S.aureus, S.epidermis, S.chromogens, S.haemolyticus, S.simulans,
S.seiuri, and S.xylosus respectively, whereas, the 16S rRNA (317 bp) gene was detected for S. agalactiae. This study
suggested the occurrence of Staphylococcus andStreptococcus from commercial food stuffs and their conformation by
PCR.
Keywords: Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, bacteriocin, commercial food, PCR.
Isolation of Antagonestic Actinomycetes from Rhizosphere of BT Cotton Crop
T.Sujatha1, P.Sivaraagini2, K. Vijaya Lakshmi2, K.Ushasree2
1SR&BGNR
1,2Dept.
Govt. Arts and Science College, Khammam, 507002, A.P, INDIA
of Applied Microbiology, Sripadmavathi Mahila Viswavidyalam (Women University) Tirupati, 517502, A.P, INDIA
Abstract: Actinomycetes are one of the most attractive sources of antibiotics and other biologically active substances of
high commercial value. Most of the known antibiotics are extracted from these gram positive branched spore bearing
filamentous group of Eubacteria. Screening and isolation of promissing strains of actinomycetes with poteintial antibiotics
is still a thrust area of research. Among the actinomycetes streptomyces species has been the most aboundant sources of
all types of antibiotics. They also play vital role in agriculture as they are the natural inhibitants of soil. Antagonistic
nature of the streptomyces species is a natural phenomenon in rhizophere due to their ability to produce secondary
metabolites like antibiotics, certain enzymes and inhibit the plant pathogen in the vicinity of root. Bt cotton crop is the
most prevalent crop in Khammam .Six actinomycetes strains were isolated from the rhizosphere of Bt cotton crop and
screened for their anti bacterial and anti fungal activity. These six strains were further screened by well diffusion method
by comparing zone of inhibition with streptomycine and nystatin for test bacteria, and fungal pathogens. One strain
which shows best inhibitory zone against most of the test organisms was selected and named as AS-1.this strain was
highly active with an inhibitory zone of 5-12mm.AS-1 was characterized by conventional methods like colony
characteristics, pigmentation, biochemical characterization ,SEM of spore and as well as by 16 s rRNA analysis.
Keywords: Eubacteria, antagonistic, rhizosphere, zone of inhibition, secondary metabolite.
Impact of monochromatic light on growth and antioxidant enzymes activity in
callus of Jatropha Gossypifolia
Bhavnani Payal, Jain Monica*, Sharma Shaligram and Sentiya Priti
Dept. of Life Sci., Maharaja Ranjit Singh College of Professional Sci., Hemkunt Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore, MP, INDIA
Abstract: Jatropha gossypifolia (L.) commonly known as physic nut, belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae, is a
multipurpose plant valued for its various pharmacological and commercial applications. J. gossypifolia contains alkaloid
known as “jatrophine” and lignin (jatroiden). Ethno botanical application of leaf extract is used for the treatment of
cancer, diarrhea, bronchitis, arthritis, asthma, snake bites, paralysis and wound healing. The present work describes the
effect of different monochromatic lights on callus formation and antioxidant enzyme activity. Callus was obtained from
leaf sections cultured on callus induction medium (CIM) for 30 days under Red, Yellow, Blue and White light. The
undifferentiated mass of cells were subcultured every 10th day in the similar medium combination for proliferation. The
experiments revealed the significant impact of monochromatic lights of lower and higher wavelengths on callus growth
which can be correlated with the variation in activities of SOD, APX and POD antioxidant enzymes.
Keywords: Impact, monochromatic, light, antioxidant, enzymes, Jatropha gossypifolia.
88
Passive Protection of Campylobacter jejuni in Broiler Chickens Using
Chicken Egg Yolk Antibodies
R. Mahenthiran and A. Michael
Department of Microbiology, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, TN, INDIA
Abstract: Poultry meat industry all over the world is growing fastest among all the meat categories. Campylobacterosis
is one of the most frequently reported food borne disease worldwide, caused by the Campylobacter jejuni which is a
commensal in the guts of the chickens. The present investigation was undertaken to generate the chicken egg yolk
antibodies against the major bacterial pathogen Campylobacter jejuni which causes major gastro-enteric disease in
humans through poultry. Purification of chicken egg yolk IgY antibodies from immunized eggs were done according to
Polson et al., (1980). Total IgY was found to be 9.27mg/ml and total protein 17.2mg/ml on 42nd Day. Titer of specific
IgY in egg yolk was estimated by ELISA. A peak titer of more than 1:100000 were observed on 35th day onwards. The
purity of the harvested antibodies was checked by SDS-PAGE. In-vivo efficacy of Anti-Campylobacter jejuni -IgY
against day old broiler chicks was carried out. It was observed that the varying concentration of hyper immune and NonImmune egg yolk powder treated with feed was effective in preventing C.jejuni colonization in broiler chickens. The
hyper immune egg yolk powder of Anti-C.jejuni IgY at 1% eliminates the pathogen of about 90% compared with untreated
groups.
Keywords: C.jejuni, IgY, ELISA, SDS-PAGE, efficacy.
Antibacterial activity of Leaf extracts of Ocimum sanctum L. against
Xanthomonas Campestris PV. Mangiferaeindicae
B.T.Pawar and B.D. Pandit
Department of Botany, Shri Muktanand College, Gangapur–431109, Dist. Aurangabad, MS, INDIA
Abstract: Mango bacterial canker disease (MBCD) caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. mangiferaeindicae (Xcmi)
is one of the important diseases of mango affecting a number of commercial cultivars. The pathogen affects different
plant parts like leaf, stem and fruit. Favorable environmental conditions cause severe loss to the crop. Leaf extract of 37
plants were tested against Xcmi, out of them, leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum L. gave promising results. Hence, leaf
extracts of O. sanctum tested for its antibacterial activity against 25 strains of Xcmi collected from different parts of
Konkan region of Maharashtra. The in vitro studies have been performed by using cup-plate method to examine the
activity. Fresh leaf extracts of O. sanctum plants were screened against 25 strains of Xcmi. The maximum activity was
recorded against Xcmi.21 (Mean activity zone – 20.36 mm) followed by Xcmi.07 (Mean activity zone – 20.11 mm) and
minimum against Xcmi.14 (Mean activity zone – 16.27 mm) strain under investigation. The ultimate aim of the research
work was to develop economically and technically viable field formulations for the farmers, which will be Bio-ecologically
compatible for management of plant bacterial diseases.
Kyewords: Antibacterial activity, Xanthomonas campestris PV. Mangiferaeindicae, Ocimum sanctum
A Comparative analysis of Antibacterial activity of Citrus Limonium juice
extracts, Antibiotics and Commercially available citric acid against new Strains
of Bacteria for the Prevention of eye Infections
*Khusro A1, Preetamraj JP1 and Panicker SG1, 2
1Department
of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, (PG. Biotechnology), Loyola College, Nungambakkam, Chennai, INDIA
2Helen Keller Research Centre (HKRC), Chennai, INDIA
Abstract: Herbs, spices and plants with antimicrobial properties can be of great significance for the treatment of infections.
The present study was carried out to find out the antibacterial activity of Citrus limonium juice extracts against new
strains of pathogenic bacteria isolated from poultry farm. As microorganisms are becoming resistant to antibiotics, our
study focuses on the prevention of eye infections caused by new strains of Bacillus species by using Citrus limonium
juice extracts. Maximum zone of inhibition of 14.5 mm and 12 mm were shown by aqueous extracts of Citrus limonium
against Bacillus licheniformis strain 018 and B. licheniformis strain BIHPUR 0104 respectively using Agar disc diffusion
method. Ethanol and acetone extracts were less effective against both the strains. 100% Citrus limonium extracts were
showing more inhibitory action compared to antibiotics (Streptomycin and Nalidixic acid) and commercially available
89
citric acid against B.licheniformis strain 018. Antibiotics were more effective compared to Citrus limonium extracts
against B. licheniformis strain BIHPUR 0104 but the citric acid was ineffective against the same strain. From this
investigation it is clear that Citrus limonium can be used as a potential antibacterial agent against new strains of B.
licheniformis which causes eye infections in humans.
Keywords: Antibiotics, Agar Disc diffusion method, Citrus limonium, Citric acid, Poultry farm bacteria.
Biological Control of Dengue Vector using Pseudomonas Fluorescens
*Lalithambika
B., Vani C., Arayil Nancy Tittes
Dept. of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Health sciences, Karunya University, Coimbatore – 641114, TN, INDIA
Abstract: In the present study Pseudomonas fluorescens from the rhizosphere soil was isolated using Kings B medium
and biochemically characterised. Nutrient broth medium, King’s B medium, King’s B+ yeast extract medium and Glucose
peptone salt medium are used to maximize the production of exotoxin and check the anti-larvicidal activity using liquid
formulation of the exoproteins which will be used for the control of dengue vector and thereby eradication of the disease.
The result observed that the net mortality for King’s B medium at protein concentration of 40µg and 80ìg/ ml for 48hrs
supernatant is 100% and also the 24 hrs supernatant is active against Aedesaegypti at low concentration of protein(20µg/
ml), while the 24hrs supernatant from glucose peptone salt medium shows 100% mortality at 80 ìg/ ml and Kings B
yeast extract medium shows 100% mortality for 24hrs supernatant at protein concentration of 80µg/ml and at 40µg/ml
and 80µg/ml for 48 hrs supernatant. This result shows that Kings B medium is very effective for the production of
exotoxin against Aedesaegypti, since it shows their larvicidal activity at low concentration of protein.
Keywords: Pseudomonas fluorescens, nutrient medium, King’s B medium, glucose peptone salt medium, anti-larvicidal
activity, Aedesaegypti.
Qualitative Phytochemicals Screening of Broad Spectrum Antiviral Plants
FeminaWahaab, Kalidass Subramaniam and Sembian Suriya Moorthy
Department of Biotechnology, Karunya University, Coimbatore, TN, INDIA
Abstract: Search for therapeutic drug molecules from phytochemical sources are increasing and in demand worldwide.
To combat viral propagation in human cells/tissues and to reduce the viral load/titre; in traditional medical practice
certain plants have been reported to have antiviral properties. In this study we report the qualitative phytochemicals
found in the seven sacred plants reported to have broad spectrum antiviral properties Camellia sinesis leaves,
Ixoramacrothyrsa flower, Momordicacharantia fruit, Cardiopermumhalicacabum leaves, Solanumincanum fruit,
Justiciagendarusa leaves and Riciniscommunis seed. We have also standardized the best solvent system in extracting the
maximum number of phytochemicals. Different solvents like acetone, methanol and ethanol were used for extracting the
phytochemicals. Qualitativetests were performed. The results revealed that ethanol extract had maximum number of
phytochemicals in the screened plants. All the plants extracts contain phenols and tannins. Among the seven plants,
Ixoramacrothyrsa and camellia sinesis had maximum source of phytochemicals. The studies on camellia sinesis
phytochemicals activity were already reported elsewhere; hence the Ixoramacrothyrsa ethanol extract was taken for
identification of phytoconstitutents. The HPTLC analysis of the Ixora ethanol plant extract revealed that it contains both
polyphenol and terpenoids. The GC-MS analysis found the major compounds as Ethene (2-chloroethoxy)-, 1-propanol
2-chloro, and urethane. Further to purification of these compounds and analysis of antiviral activity for these compounds
can serve as an antiviral drug.
Keywords: Medicinal plants, Phytochemicals, Ixoramacrothyrsa, GC-MS
Gene Expression in Gastric Cancer for Singapore and UK Population:
An Insilico Comparative Approach
BlessantoliMohandhas* and J. Jannet Vennila
School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Department of Bioinformatics, Karunya University, Coimbatore, INDIA
Abstract: Gastric adenocarcinoma of the stomach is a common cancer of the digestive tract in worldwide. It is uncommon
in the United States. It occurs most often in men over age 40. This form of gastric cancer is common in Asia, parts of
South America, and eastern and central Europe. Stomach cancer or gastric cancer, refers to cancer arising from any part
of the stomach. Stomach cancer causes about 800,000 deaths worldwide per year. Prognosis is poor due to the late
detection at its advances stage. Gene expression studies for Indian population and China population Gastric cancer
90
datasets from GEO was done by GeneSpring. Differentially expressed genes were identified by performing a t-test with
a p-value cut-off of 0.005 and fold change e” 2. Only the differentially expressed genes that satisfied our criteria were
enriched to find the functional insight of the genes in Gastric cancer. Now the enriched genes were analyzed for their
gene ontology using a Cytoscape plug-in Bingo. Molecular interactions among the genes were done using a Cytoscape
plug-in MiMI. HER2 gene showed a good interaction with its neighboring genes. SNP regions in the HER2 gene were
identified and two of them were located in the promoter region. HER2 gene interacts with Grb2 gene in the progression
of Gastric cancer. Since the majority of SNPs are located in the promoter regions, it can be suggested as one of the prime
reasons for the up regulation of Gastric cancer. Thus HER2 be gene can be used as a potential marker in the early
diagnosis of Gastric cancer in Homo sapiens.
Keywords: Gastric cancer, Gene expression studies, P-value, Fold change, Gene ontology.
Antimicrobial activity of phytochemicals extracted from Acanthus ilicifolius
leaves against staphylococcus aureus: an insilico approach
Ganesh S.*, Jannetvennila J. and Annie Mercy A.
Department of Bioinformatics, Karunya University, Coimbatore – 641114, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: Acanthus ilicifolius is lesser-known medicinal plant is used as medicine in traditional systems. Staphylococcus
aureus is inducing many infections and it can infect tissues when the skin and mucosal barriers. The plant Acanthus
ilicifolius GC-MS have reported in our laboratory, the following phytochemicals. 26.27-Di (nor) -cholest-5,7,23-trien22-ol, 3-methoxymethoxy, 9H –purin-6-amine, N, 9-bis (trimethylsilyl) -8-((trimethylsilyl) Oxy), Cyanocolchicines and
3beta-methoxy-5-choleston-19-oic acid against a 12 essential protein and synthetic drug of S. aureus was collected
through literature survey. S. aureuswas studied zone of inhibition in different concentrations against microorganisms and
essential proteins were used as target which were docked using phytochemicals (ligands) found in A. ilicifolius leaves. In
the present study, to analyze the effect of A. ilicifolius against S. aureus through docking and inhibition studies, that A.
ilicifolius has significant activity against S.aureus. This research was an attempt to take a good step towards the drug
discovery Staphylococcusaureus.
Keywords: Antimicrobial, activity, phytochemicals, extracted, Acanthus ilicifolius, leaves, against, staphylococcus aureus.
In Vitro Study on Antibiotic Synergy of Biofilm Producing Methicillin Resistant
Staphylococcus Aureus
*P.
Neetu John, C. Supriya and S. Murugan
Dept. of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Karunya University, Coimbatore – 641 114, TN, INDIA
Abstract: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates
because of the development of multi-drug resistance and biofilms. The present study aimed to detect the biofilm production
among MRSA isolates and evaluated the efficacy of Daptomycin, Vancomycin, Minocycline, Rifampicin antibiotics
alone and in combination against biofilm producing MRSA and calculated possible antibiotic synergy. Sixty five MRSA
isolates were collected and subjected for biofilm production by Tissue Culture Plate method. MRSA MTCC 96 and
MTCC 1430 were used as biofilm positive controls. Eight strong biofilm producing MRSA isolates were analyzed for
antibiotic synergy using 4 antibiotics both alone and in combinations. Among 65 MRSA isolates, 15 (23.07%) were
found to be strong biofilm producers. Antibiotic synergy test indicated that all 8 strong biofilm producing MRSA isolates
showed 100% synergistic action with Dap+Van, Dap+Rif and Min+Van combinations. There was no antagonistic or
indifferent action observed against any of the combinations. As MRSA biofilms are becoming more resistant to the
conventional drugs, combination drugs can be employed as a treatment strategy. Thus, the quantitative approach employed
to quantify the antibacterial effect of the combination of antibiotics provides a scientiûc rationale for further in-vivo
investigations that should allow a better understanding of the therapeutic potential of these combinations in bioûlmassociated MRSA infections.
Keywords: Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Biofilm, Tissue Culture Plate Method, Antibiotic synergy
Identification of Ribosomal inactivating protein from the seeds of
Annonasquamosa
Sobiya Raj. D. and Jannet Vennila. J
Department of Bioinformatics, Karunya University, Coimbatore-641 114, TN, INDIA
Abstract: Some plantscontain molecules that inactivate ribosomes by inhibiting protein synthesis through their N91
glycosidase enzymatic activity. These molecules are identified to be a group of proteins called ribosomal inactivating
proteins (RIPs). RIPS are cytotoxic and are considered to be plant defense proteins as they are able to inhibit the
multiplication and growth of several pathogenic virus, fungi, and bacteria either alone or in conjugation with other
defense-related proteins. RIPs are mainly identified from some families like Cucurbitaceae, Euphorbiaceae,
Caryophyllaceae etc. In the present study, the seeds of Annonasquamosa were depurinated by N-glycosidase activity
assay and confirmed with 7M Urea/6% ployacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This assay confirmed thepresence of RIPs in
Annonasquamosa.
Keywords: Identification, ribosomal, inactivating, protein, seeds, annonasquamosa.
Anti- tumor and antioxidant activity of Vitisviniferaon DMBA –
Induced Skin carcinogenesis in Mice
Grace Nirmala J and Narendhirakannan RT*
Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Karunya University, Coimbatore-641114,
Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: Vitisvinifera (grapes) is used as a fruit worldwide and known for its pharmacological properties. The present
study assesses the chemopreventive potential of Vitisviniferaseed and peel against 12-O-tetradecanoyl-13-phorbol acetate
(TPA)-mediated tumor promotion in 7,12-dimethyl-benz[a]anthracene (DMBA) initiated mice skin. Skin tumor initiation
was achieved by a single topical application of DMBA (2.5 mg/animal/1 ml acetone) in mice. Two weeks after the
initiation, promoting agent, TPA (5.0 µ g/animal/ 100 µl acetone) was applied two times a week for 16 weeks. Pretreatment of Vitisvinifera1 h prior to each application of TPA resulted in protection against cutaneous tumorigenesis in
dose-dependent manner. The topical application of Vitisviniferaseed and peel at a dose level of 2.5 mg/kg/ body weight
each in acetone prior to that of TPA treatment on the initiational phase of papillomagenesis caused significant reduction
in tumor incidence, tumor yield, tumor burden and cumulative number of papillomas as compared to carcinogen-treated
controls and signiûcantly inhibited oxidative stress. In addition, the depleted levels of glutathione and antioxidant enzymes
were recovered to a signiûcant level when compared with the control group. Hence, it can be suggested that Vitisviniferacan
be used as a chemopreventive agent against oxidative stress and carcinogenesis. The results thus suggest that
Vitisviniferaseed and peel extract exhibited significant anti-tumor and antioxidant activity.
Keywords: Vitisvinifera, antioxidant, Papillomas, oxidative stress, DMBA
A Comparative Study of Silica Nanoparticles and Pseudomonas Fluorescens for
the Control of Aedes Aegypti for the Eradication of Dengue
C. Vani* and Lydia Priyadarshini
Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Health sciences, Karunya University, Coimbatore – 641114,
Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: Aedesaegyptiis theprinciple vector causing dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever, the most important arboviral
disease of human. Hence there is a critical need for controlling this mosquito and it has been reported that the mosquitos
are most effectively targeted in their aquatic stage.Owing to their small size and large surface area nanoparticles are
considered best method in controlling dengue vector.Pseudomonas fluorescenscontains mosquitocidal toxin and their
mode of action is possibly through cuticular region. Thus a comparison is made between nanoparticle and bacterial
toxins to find the most efficient method.Silica nanoparticles were synthesized in stober’s sol-gel method and also by
varying the parameters. Characterization using SEM showed its spherical shape; XRD confirmed its amorphous nature;
UV confirmed the prescens of silica and Particle size analyser showed the size of silica nanoparticles ranging from 50 to
500 nm. Different concentrations (100,150,300,450,600,750 and 900ppm) of nanosilica synthesized were treated against
the larvae of Aedesaegypti. The nanosilica synthesized using the surfactant SDS was found to be effective at concentration
of 300ppm and 600ppm.mortality of larvae was highest with 94% in 72 h treatmentat the concentration of 600 ppm. The
concentration at which the rate of mortality was highest was recorded in 300ppm compared to the control. In 48h the
mortality percent when treated with Pseudomonas fluorescensincreased in all the concentration especially in 20 and
40µg/mL. It reached nearly 100% at 40µg/mL in 48h culture and the mortality was less for 20µg/mL of 24h culture.In
72h 100% mortality was observed.
Keywords: Silica nanoparticles, aedesaegypti, pseudomonas fluorescens and dengue.
92
Contribution to the Microfungi of Andaman Islands, India
B. Divya, C.K. Biju, Sam .P. Mathew and V.B. Hosagoudar
Microbiology Division, Jawarharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden, and Research Institute, Palode,
Thiruvananthapuram 695 562, INDIA
Abstract: Fungi are the rank first decomposers of the world but the study of its diversity is quite less. According to
Hawksworth 2001, total number of fungal species thought to exist is 1.5 million and the known fungi are approximately
6.6% (99000) of the total estimate. Andaman Islands are further more virgin in this regard as only less than 100species
of fungi are reported from there (Hosagoudar and Mathew, 2001). The present study aims to explore the diversity of
foliicolous fungi invading on the flowering plants of Andaman Islands. Andaman Islands are a group of islands in the
Bay of Bengal with diverse vegetation and favorable climate to flourish the foliicolous fungi. An extensive survey and
exploration of leaf inhabting fungi in December, 2012, a large number of infected specimens were collected from the
study area. Critical examination of 30% of total infected specimens resulted 61 fungal taxa belongs to six genera under
three families. Of which 14 species and one variety are new to science. Intensive study of fungi in this unique vegetation
absolutely enriches the present day concept of biodiversity particularly the fungal diversity of the country.
Keywords: Fungi, Andaman, diversity.
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ISCA-ISC-2013-4CS-01
Comparative Studies of Diffusion and Permeability of Synthetic Membranes for
Electrolyte Ions in Solution
Okoro I.A.1 and Ejike E.N.2
1Department
of Chemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Abia State, NIGERIA
2Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo, NIGERIA
Absract: The diffusion rate and permeability of electrolyte ions through some commercially available synthetic membranes
were investigated. The electrolytes of interest investigated are sodium chloride, calcium chloride, aluminium chloride,
sulphamic acid, and butyric acid. The effect of concentration variation was monitored for each of the electrolytes. The
results show the rate of diffusion of metal ions derived from these electrolytes increased with increase in concentration
and membrane thickness and breakthrough time. Decrease in metal ion concentration increase the diffusion rate whereas
increase in membrane thickness results in an increase in the rate of electrolyte diffusion. The trend in the rate of diffusion
is thus Na+ >Ca2+ >Al3+>NH4 + >H+.
Keywords: Synthetic membrane, electrolyte ions, diffusion.
Voltammetric Studies and Micro Level Determination of Arsenic in Aqueous
Matrices
Bais R.1, Sharma P.1, Rathore P.1 and Dubey S.1, 2
1Electroanalytical
Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, J.N.V.University, Jodhpur 342 005, INDIA
2MVJ College of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA
Absract: A differential pulse polarographic method for the trace determination of arsenic is presented. The preliminary
investigations have indicated the suitability of a complexing media of 0.01 M citric acid in 0.01 M sodium acetate, where
As (III) showed a sharp DP reduction peak at -0.93V vs SCE. Linearity of the calibration curve was achieved upto 8.5
ppm with a detection limit of 0.009 µg/ml. The coexisting metal ions such as Cu (II), Pb (II), Cd (II) and Zn (II) did not
interfere. The DPP method has been applied successfully for the determination of arsenic contents in industrial wastes
analysis.
Keywords: Arsenic, DPP, industrial wastes analysis.
Voltammetric Ultra Trace Determination of Indium
Rathore P., Sharma P. and Bais R.
Electroanalytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, J.N.V.University, Jodhpur 342 005, INDIA
Absract: The voltammetric conditions for ultra trace determination of indium down to 0.002 µg/ml have been optimized.
The method is based on differential pulse polarographic reduction of In (III) in presence of glutamic acid in ammonium
chloride medium. The interference of copper, lead and zinc during the measurements was monitored and ruled out.
Keywords: Indium, DPP, industrial wastes, mirror coat.
Development of Sensitive Differential Pulse Polarographic Method for
Determination of Zirconium
Dubey S., Sharma P. and Bais R.
Electroanalytical Laboratory, Dep artment of Chemistry, J.N.V. University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, INDIA
Absract: Most of the zirconium produced is utilized in nuclear reactors because of its low neutron capture cross section
and resistance to corrosion. Zircon (ZrSiO4) is cut into gemstones for use in jewellery. ZrO2 is used in laboratory crucibles,
metallurgical furnaces and as a refractory material. Direct polarographic methods for determination of zirconium are
unsuitable because it has a highly negative reduction potential which is preceded by the hydrogen discharge. Therefore,
several researchers have suggested indirect polarographic determination of zirconium. The present study was undertaken
keeping in view of the fact that choice of a medium for polarographic investigations in case of zirconium is limited due
to its very negative reduction potential. The limit of quantification of 0.01 ppm was observed using differential pulse
polarography. The possibly associated metal ions did not interfered in measurements. The method has been successfully
applied for the analysis of zirconium in industrial waste water samples.
Keywords: Zirconium, Differential Pulse Polarography.
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Voltammetric Complexation Studies of Ruthenium (III) for its Ultra Trace
Determination
Kherwa V1,2, Sharma P.1, and Dubey S.1,3
1Electroanalytical
Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, J.N.V. University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, INDIA
of Chemistry, C.D.L.University, Sirsa 125055, Haryana, INDIA
3Department of Chemistry, Mvj College of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA
2Department
Absract: Ruthenium is an important element of wide utility in alloys to harden platinum and palladium metals. It is also
used as catalyst. However, ruthenium concentration in earth’s crust is reported as low as 0.001ppm. Ruthenium forms
numerous coordination complexes with ligands containing carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, oxygen and sulfur donors.
The complexation of Ru (III) with thioacetamide has enabled the development of a simple and convenient differential
pulse polarographic method for the determination of ruthenium at sub ì g levels .The coexisting metal ions such as
Pb(II),Cd(II)and Zn(II) did not interfered in determination of Ru (III) due to their separate peak potentials. Under the
developed experimental conditions calibration curve linearity was achieved upto 60 ppm with a detection limit of 0.009
(ìg/ml).The DPP method has been successfully applied for the determination of ruthenium contents in aqueous matrices.
Keywords: Ruthenium, thioacetamide, DPP, and industrial wastes.
Comparative studies on Proton conducting Nature of Copper selective Tin
zirconium Phosphate Cation Exchanger with its Single ion Counter parts
Puthiyandi Vinisha Valsaraj and Chathoth Janardanan*
Department of chemistry, Sree Narayana College, Kannur, Kerala-670 007, INDIA
Absract: Tetravalent metal acid salts based cation exchanger; tin zirconium phosphate was synthesized by sol-gel process.
The ion exchange capacity, chemical stability, effect of temperature and pH titration studies carried out to understand the
ion exchange capability. The study of effect of temperature on ion exchange capacity of this material indicated the
pronounced ion exchange capacity even at elevated temperature. The physico-chemical characterization was studied by
elemental analysis, XRD, FTIR and TGA. The thermal analysis depicted the enhanced thermal stability of this material.
The X-ray diffraction study showed that the material formed is semicrystalline in nature. The distribution studies of
different metal ions on the exchanger were performed in different solvent systems and it was found to be selective for
PbII and CuII ions. The presence of protons makes the TMA salt, a potential candidate for solid state protonic conduction.
In the present endeavour, the proton conduction behaviour of these materials has been studied by measuring specific
conductance (s) at different temperatures in the range 30–80°C using Solatron (1255B FRA FI1287 Electrochemical
Phase) impedance analyzer. The specific conductance values for the single ion counter parts (tin phosphate and zirconium
phosphate) have been compared.
Keyword: Tetravalent metal acid, cation exchanger, proton conductivity.
Inhibiting Effect of Euphorbia Hirta Plant Extract for Mild Steel Acid
Corrosion
M.Nesrin Fathima, S. Leelavathi and R. Rajalakshmi
Department of Chemistry, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, INDIA
Absract: The inhibitive action of Euphorbia hirta (EH) extract on the corrosion of mild steel in 1M hydrochloric acid
was studied by weight loss, electrochemical measurements and surface analytical techniques. Phytochemical screening
of Euphorbia hirta was done to find out the active components present in the extract and was confirmed by FTIR studies.
The result shows that inhibition efficiency increases with inhibitor concentration and time of immersion. The adsorption
of inhibitor on mild steel surface obeys Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The effect of temperature on corrosion behavior
of mild steel was also studied at temperatures ranging from 30-80°C; thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy of
adsorption, entropy of adsorption and free energy of adsorption were calculated. The kinetic parameters calculated for
the reaction of corrosion. Maximum inhibition efficiency (95%) afforded by weight loss method where as electrochemical
measurements furnished maximum inhibition efficiency of 85%. The adsorption of Euphorbia hirta extract on mild steel
was confirmed by FTIR and Optical electron Microscopy. A suitable mechanism of inhibition was also proposed.
Keywords: Euphorbia hirta, Mild steel, Green corrosion inhibitor, Optical electron microscopy, FTIR, Mechanism.
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Chemisrty of novel Spiro Oxazolo-Thiadiazoles derivatives –
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation
Dabholkar Vijay and Karekar Abhishek
Department of Chemistry, K.C. College, Dinshaw Waccha Road, Churchgate, Mumbai-400 020, MS, INDIA
Absract: 1, 3, 4-Thiadiazoles have wide applications in many fields. The earliest uses were in the pharmaceutical area
as an antibacterial with known sulphonamides drugs. Some of the later uses are as antitumor and anti-inflammatory
agents, pesticides, dyes, lubricants and analytical reagents. 1,3,4-Thiadiazole and its derivatives possess wide range of
therapeutic activities like anticonvulsant, herbicidal, pesticidal , amoebicidal , CNS depressant, antibacterial , antiviral.
A mixture of Hippuric Acid and substituted aromatic aldehyde were refluxed in presence of acetic anhydride and sodium
acetate to yield 4-substitutedbenzylidene-2-phenyloxazol-5-one , which further, on treatment with Thiocarbohydrazide,
in presence of catalytic amount of conc. Sulphuric acid , to form thiocarbohydrazine derivative , which further allowed
to reacted with acetic anhydride and sodium acetate, to obtained target molecule. Representative samples were screened
for their anti-microbial activity against gram-negative bacteria, E coli and Paeruginosa and gram-positive bacteria, S
aureus, and C diphtheriae using disc diffusion method.
Keywords: Oxazole, Thiadiazole, Thicarbohydrazide, azalactone, antimicrobial activity.
Synthesis and Microbial Evaluation of Novel Tetrazolo-Triazole Derivatives
Dabholkar Vijay and Shinde Navnath
Organic Research Laboratory, Dept. of Chemistry, K.C. College, Dinshaw Waccha Road, Churchgate, Mumbai-400 020, MS,
INDIA
Abstract: Azides are considered to be very important compounds due to both their industrial as well as biological
applications. They have been used in rubber vulcanization, polymer cross linking, dyes, tire cord adhesives, foaming of
plastics, pharmaceuticals, pesticides and herbicides. Many azide compounds show mutagenic activities. They have also
been used as fungicides, herbicides, light stabilizers, fluorescent whiteners, optical brightening agents, and corrosion
retardants 5-(4'-Bromomethyl-1, 1'-biphenyl-2-yl) -1H-tetrazole was converted into its azide derivative using sodium
azide, which on further treatment with malonitrile, diethyl malonate, ethyl acetoacetate and isopropyl acetoacetate to
yielded the respective tetrazole-triazole derivatives. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by
Physico-chemical test and spectral techniques, representative samples were screened for their antimicrobial activity
against gram positive and gram negative bacteria.
Keywords: Azides, Triazoles, Tetrazoles, antimicrobial, active methylene compound.
Synthesis and Biological Studies of Oxadiazolo-Thiadiazines
Dabholkar Vijay* and Naik Prem
Department of Chemistry, K.C. College, Dinshaw Waccha Road, Churchgate, Mumbai-400 020, MS, INDIA
Abstract: In recent years, interest in 1, 3, 4-thiadiazines has increased in connection with a high biological activity such
as antimicrobial, ant irradiation and ant parasitic. In addition, 1,3,4-oxadiazole is a versatile lead molecule for designing
potent bioactive agents. This interesting group of compounds possesses diverse biological activity such as antimicrobial,
anti-inflammatory, antitubercular, anticonvulsant, anticancer, anti-HIV, hypoglycemic and genotoxic activities. A mixture
of substituted triazoles and substituted aromatic aldehyde were refluxed in presence of alcoholic KOH to yield 4substitutedbanzylideneamino-5-substituted-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol, which further, on treated with ethyl chloro acetate
in presence of catalytic amount of K 2 CO 3 undergoes a cyclization reaction to form Ethyl 6,7-dihydro-6substitutedbanzylidene-3-substituted-5H-[1,2,4]Triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine-7-carboxylate Furthermore undergoes
a nucleophilic addition reaction with hydrazine hydrate in presence of ethanol to yield 6,7-dihydro-6substitutedbanzylidene-3-substituted-5H-[1,2,4]Triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine-7-carbohydrazid which on further
treatment with Carbon disulfide yielded 5-(6,7-dihydro-6-substitutedbanzylidene-3-substituted-5H-[1,2,4]Triazolo[3,4b][1,3,4]thiadiazine-7yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol. The structures of the products were confirmed by IR, 1H, 13C NMR
and elemental analysis. Representative compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity.
Keywords: Triazoles, Thiadiazines, Oxadiazoles, Schiff base, Antimicrobial.
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Production and Optimization of L-Glutaminase (EC.3.5.1.2) by Streptomyces
griseus using wheat Bran under Statistical Designs
Suresh Kumar S.1, Muthuvelayudham R.2 and Viruthagiri T.2
1Bioprocess
Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai nagar, TN-608 002, INDIA
of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai nagar, Tamil Nadu- 608 002, INDIA
2Department
Abstract: L-Glutaminase majorly produced by micro organism including bacteria, yeast and fungi. L-Glutaminase mainly
catalyzes the hydrolysis of ã-amido bond of L-Glutamine. In this report, Optimization of the culture medium for LGlutaminase production using Streptomyces griseus was carried out. The optimization of L-Glutaminase production
using Wheat bran as substrate was performed with statistical methodology based on experimental designs. The screening
of ten nutrients for their influence with Wheat bran on L-Glutaminase production is achieved using Plackett-Burman
design. The basal medium contained Peptone 30 g/L, Ferrous sulphate 0.7 g/L, KH2PO4 0.7 g/L, NaCl 40 g/L was
selected based on their higher influence on L-Glutaminase production. After medium components optimization, the
Temperature, pH, Time, composition of the Wheat bran, and Inoculum size was optimized using Response Surface
Methodology (RSM). The predicted optimum levels are as follows: Temperature 30.12 0C, pH 8.36, Time 117.11 h,
wheat bran 33.60 g/L and Inoculum size 0.90 %. This medium components and parameters were projected theoretically
to produce an L-Glutaminase activity of 1959.99 IU/ml. The used methodology was validated using this optimized
media components and parameters; the L-Glutaminase activity 1943.5 IU/ml was obtained.
Keywords: L-Glutaminase; Wheat bran; Plackett-Burman design; Streptomyces griseus; Response surface methodology
Synthesis, Characterization and Molecular Docking Studies of
Novel Phenoxazin-5-one Derivatives
P. Ravichandiran1, D. Premnath2 and S. Vasanthkumar1
1Department
2Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Humanities, Karunya University, Coimbatore-641 114, TN, INDIA
of Bioinformatics, School of Biotechnology and Health sciences, Karunya University, Coimbatore-641 114, TN,
INDIA
Absract: New series of novel phenoxazin derivatives were synthesized from 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone and dapsone
as starting materials. The sulfonamide with quinone moiety was further cyclized using 2-amino phenol and it was finally
benzoylated by different substituted aromatic acid chlorides. All the phenoxazin-5-one derivatives were thoroughly
characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and Mass spectral analyses. The entire synthesized compounds were studied
for their molecular interactions with HDAC8 protein molecule. Among all the derivatives synthesized, 3-methyl-N-(4(4-(5-oxo-5H-benzo[a]phenoxazin-6-ylamino) phenylsulfonyl) benzamide exhibited better interaction with HDAC8
protein.
Keywords: Synthesis, Characterization, Molecular Docking Studies, Novel Phenoxazin-5-one Derivatives.
Synthesis, Characterization, Chemical and Electrochemical Fluorescent “offon-off” Switching Properties of Carbazole-6, 11-dione derivatives
N. Bhuvanesh, P. Ravichandiran, R. Nagarajan and S. Vasanthkumar
Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Humanities, Karunya University, Coimbatore-641 114, TN, INDIA
Absract: A series of fluorescent switching systems were synthesized from 1,4-naphthoquinone and diamino diphenyl
sulfide. The cyclized products were synthesized employing Suzuki coupling reaction in which palladium (II) salt was
used as the catalyst. All the synthesized compounds were thoroughly characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and
Mass spectral analyses. The synthesized compounds were studied for their fluorescent “off-on-off” switching properties
using UV-Vis, photo luminescence and cyclic voltagram (CV) techniques. All the synthesized compounds exhibited
good fluorescent switching properties.
Keywords: Synthesis, characterization, chemical, electrochemical, fluorescent, “off-on-off”, switching.
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Synthesis, Characterization, Chemical and Electrochemical Fluorescent “offon-off” Switching properties of Heterocyclic Quinone derivatives
P. Santhoshkumar, P. Ravichandiran and S. Vasanthkumar
Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Humanities, Karunya University, Coimbatore-641 114, TN, INDIA
Absract: A new type of simple fluorescent switching system was synthesized from 1,4-naphthoquinone by reacting it
with different substituted aromatic amines. The products were cyclized employing the Suzuki coupling reactions and the
palladium (II) salt was used as catalyst. All the synthesized compounds were thoroughly characterized by FT-IR, 1H
NMR, 13C NMR and Mass spectral analyses. The synthesized compounds were studied for their fluorescent “off-on-off”
switching properties using UV-Vis, photo luminescence and cyclic voltagram (CV) techniques. All the synthesized
compounds exhibited good fluorescent switching properties.
Keywords: Synthesis, characterization, chemical, electrochemical fluorescent, “off-on-off”, switching.
Development of new drug Molecules from Phenoxazin-5-one derivatives
R. Nagarajan1, P. Ravichandiran1, N. Bhuvanesh1, D. Premnath2 and S. Vasanthkumar1
1Department
2Dept.
of Chemistry, School of Science and Humanities, Karunya University, Coimbatore-641 114, TN, INDIA
of Bioinformatics, School of Biotechnology and Health sciences, Karunya University, Coimbatore-641 114, TN, INDIA
Absract: A new series of novel phenoxazin derivatives were synthesized from 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone and
diamino diphenyl sulfide. The compound was cyclized using 2-amino phenol as reagent and this was further benzoylated
by substituted aromatic acid chlorides. All the phenoxazin-5-one derivatives were thoroughly characterized by FT-IR,
1H NMR, 13C NMR and Mass spectral analyses. All the synthesized compounds were studied for their molecular interactions
with HDAC8 protein molecule employing GLIDE program (version 8.5, Schrodinger, LLC, New York, 2010). Among
all the derivatives synthesized, 3-methyl-N-(4-(4-(5-oxo-5H-benzo[a]phenoxazin-6-ylamino) phenylthio)phenyl)
benzamide exhibited good E model and glide score values.
Keywords: Development, new drug, molecules, phenoxazin-5-one derivatives.
Short Oil Alkyd Resin Based Polymeric Surfactant
Pravin A. Dhakite1, B.B. Gogte2 and B.C. Burande3
1Dept.
of Applied Chemistry, Datta Meghe Institute of Engineering, Technology and Research, Sawangi, M, Wardha, INDIA
2Department of Applied Chemistry, Shri, Shankarprasad Agnihotri College of Engg, Ramnagar, Wardha, INDIA
3Department of Applied Chemistry, Indira Gandhi Priyadarshini College of Engineering, Nagpur, INDIA
Abstract: Novel polymeric surfactants based on short oil alkyd have been synthesized in a laboratory. Alkyd resins were
investigated by selecting different compositions based on Linseed oil, glycerol, phthalic anhydride, maleic anhydride,
rosin and benzoic acid. The sodium bisulphate and sodium bisulphite are taken as catalyst to enhance the rate of reaction.
The polymer then evaluated for physicochemical properties such as molecular weight (Mw), foam Volume (ml), Surface
tension ( ρ ) and HLB ratio by standard methods.The polymers so obtained have molecular weight of 3,241. The polymers
have been systematically analyzed for spectral Properties. The IR and NMR spectral study shows the presence of ester,
ether, free hydroxyl and free acid group in the polymer. This polymer is found to be useful in formulation of liquid and
powder detergent.
Keyword: Novel resin and Polymeric surfactant.
A new bisbinaphthyl based enantioselective fluorescent recognition for
á-Hydroxycarboxylic Acids
Krishnaswamy Velmurugan, Jeyaraj Prabhu and Raju Nandhakumar*
Dept. of Chemistry, School of Science and Humanities Karunya University, Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore, TN-641114, INDIA
Absract: In recent years, the development of fluorescent sensors for the enantioselective recognition of chiral organic
molecules has received increasing attention. These sensors can potentially provide a real-time technique to determine the
enantiomeric composition of chiral organic compounds which could greatly assist the high throughput screening of
chiral catalysts and reagents and allow rapid assay of chiral molecules. 1,1’-Binaphthyls represent a class of important
chiral molecules that have found widespread application in molecular recognition, asymmetric synthesis, and in materials
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sciences. Our laboratory focuses on the development of 1,1’-bi-2-naphthol (BINOL) based fluorescent chemosensors
for the recognition of a variety of cations and also for the chiral recognition of organic molecules including the
hydroxycarboxylic. Being an auxillary chiral compound, BINOL molecule has the following distinctive features: (1) It
has a stable chiral configuration with both of its pure enantiomers, (R)- and (S)-BINOL, commercially available. (2) The
structure of a BINOL molecule is highly tunable since functional groups can be specifically introduced to the 2-, 3-, 4, 5- and 6-positions of the enantiomerically pure BINOL. (3) The fluorescent properties of BINOL can be systematically
varied by structural modification. Here we present the synthesis, characterization and the florescent properties of a novel
Dimeric Binol molecule as a chemosensor. In addition, the chemsensor is utilized to sense the metal ions and also the
chiral recognition with high sensitivity and selectivity.
Keywords: BINOL, o-hydroxycarboxylic acids, enantioselective, fluorescent sensors, chiral recognition.
A Pyrene Pyridine Conjugate for Fluorescent Recognition of Ni2+-ion in
Aqueous Media
Jeyaraj Prabhu, Krishnaswamy Velmurugan and Raju Nandhakumar*
Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Humanities Karunya University, Karunya Nagar, INDIA
Absract: The development of fluorescent chemosensor for the sensing of cation, anion or neutral species in solution
receiving a lot of attention as regards its application. Nickel is an essential element for animals and plants; loss of nickel
homoeostasis is harmful to prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms alike. In excess it is associated with acute pneumonitis,
dermatitis, asthma, cancer of the lung and sinus, adverse effects on blood and kidneys along with other disorders of the
respiratory and central nervous systems. Selective monitoring of Ni2+ in industrial, environmental and food samples is,
therefore, needed. Recently, the development of molecular sensing systems for transition metal ions has attracted intense
attention. Although great success has been achieved in this field, many fluorescent sensors display amplification for
transition metal ions, such as Zn2+, Cu2+, Fe3+ etc., but fluorescence molecules suitable for use with typical transition
metal fluorescence quenchers viz Ni2+ is scarce. Hence, there is still a need to develop the readily available fluorescent
sensors which display an enhanced fluorescence due to the coordination with Ni2+ ions. We designed a novel pyrenepyridine fluorescent probe based on their excellent spectroscopic properties, such as long absorption and emission
wavelength, high fluorescence quantum yield, large extinction coefficient, and high stability to light. Herein we report
the novel chemosensor, which is rapid and selective, and capable of detecting Ni2+ in aqueous media.
Keywords: pyridine-pyrene, Methanol, water, Fluorescence, Nickel.
Investigation on the binding of Flavanone with â-CD/DNA:
A Spectroscopic and modeling insight
S. Chandrasekaran, Y. Sameena and I.V. Muthu Vijayan Enoch
Department of Chemistry, Karunya University, Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore – 641 114, INDIA
Abstract: The interaction of Flavanone (FL) with â-cyclodextrin (â-CD) and DNA are studied by the Ultra-violet
absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. The 1:1 stoichiometric ratio is determined by the Benesi–Hildebrand
equation. The binding of FL are studied with the DNA in the presence and the absence of â-CD. The binding constants
are reported for the binding of FL to â-CD and DNA. The mode of binding of FL to the DNA and formation of inclusion
complex with the â-CD are proposed, supported by molecular modeling. The studies imply that the â-CD acts as carrier
of flavanone for the binding with DNA.
Keywords: Investigation, binding, Flavanone, â-CD/DNA, Spectroscopic, modeling insight.
Studies on Non-Linear Optical properties, Antimicrobial, Antifungal,
Anticancer, DNA Cleavage, Electrochemical and fluorescence properties of
novel azo compounds
C. Anitha1, C.D. Sheela2 and P. Tharmaraj3
1Department
of Chemistry, Fatima Michael College of Engineering and Technology, Madurai, Tamilnadu, INDIA
2Department of Chemistry, The American College, Madurai, Tamilnadu, INDIA
3Department of Chemistry, Thiagarajar College, Madurai, Tamilnadu, INDIA
Absract: Azo-Schiff-base complexes of VO(II), Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) have been synthesized and
characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV-Vis, 1H-NMR, mass spectra, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility
99
measurement, EPR, CV, fluorescence, NLO and SEM. Molar conductance indicates the non-electrolytic nature of all the
complexes, except the VO(II) complex. On the basis of electronic spectra and magnetic susceptibility square pyramidal
geometry has been proposed for oxovanadium and octahedral for all the other complexes. The EPR spectra of copper
and oxovanadium complexes in DMSO at 300K and 77K were recorded and its salient features are reported. The redox
behavior of the copper(II) complex was studied using cyclic voltammetry. The in vitro antimicrobial activity against
Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica typhi, Bacillus subtilis and Candida strains were studied
and compared with that of free ligand by well-diffusion technique. The cleavage activities of all the complexes were
examined on CT-DNA through gel electrophoresis experiment in the presence of H2O2. The synthesized complexes can
serve as potential photoactive materials as indicated from their characteristic fluorescence properties. On the basis of the
optimized structures, the second-order nonlinear optical properties (NLO) are calculated by using second-harmonic
generation (SHG) and also the surface morphology of the complexes were studied by SEM.
Keywords: Studies, Optical properties, Antimicrobial, Antifungal, Anticancer, DNA Cleavage, Electrochemical,
fluorescence properties, novel azo compounds.
Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial studies of Novel Metal
Complexes of Co (II) and Ni(II)
Kanti Pachori1, Suman Malik2 and Sonal Wankhede2
1Department
2Department
of Chemistry, Govt. Nirbhay Singh Patel Science College Indore, Madhya Pradesh, INDIA
of Chemistry, Sadhu Vaswani College, Bairagarh, Bhopal-462-030, Madhya Pradesh, INDIA
Abstract: Cefadroxil is a broad spectrum cephalosporin belonging to the first generation antibiotic agents. In this study,
attention has been paid to the synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of new CoII and NiII complexes of
cefadroxil. The stoichiometrics and the mode of bonding of the complexes were deduced from their elemental and
electrical conductivity measurements. The techniques such as FTIR, UV-Vis spectral study and simultaneous TG-DSC
have been used for the characterization of the metal complexes. The compositions of the complexes are found to be 1:1
ratio. Based on the study of infrared spectra, coordination through amide group and carboxylate group is proposed.
Octahedral structures were proposed for these complexes depending upon the electronic spectral data. The thermal
analysis data shows that water molecules have coordinate bonds with transition metal ion. Antimicrobial activity of the
complexes was determined using Gram-positive strains of (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative strains of
(Escherichia coli) bacteria by disc diffusion method. The antibacterial study of and metal complexes were found to be
better than the parent antibiotic.
Keywords: Synthesis, characterization, transition metals, antibacterial.
A Spectroscopic investigation of Biochanin A with â-cyclodextrin and
Bovine Serum Albumin
N. Sudha and I.V. Muthu Vijayan Enoch
Department of Chemistry, Karunya University, Coimbatore – 641 114, INDIA
Abstract: Biochanin A (BCA) belonging to the class of flavonoids has an inhibitory and apoptogenic effect on certain
cancer cells. The binding properties of Biochanin A with the host molecule â-cyclodextrin (â-CD) and its interaction
with Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) in free and â-CD complexed forms are studied using UV-Vis and fluorescence
spectroscopy. The Stern–Volmer constants and the binding constants for the BCA–BSA binding in the presence and
absence of â-CD are determined. Molecular modeling is used to optimize the sites and mode of binding of BCA with
BSA. Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) studies are carried out and the proximity of the interacting molecules
is reported in the presence and absence of â-CD
Keywords: Spectroscopic, investigation, Biochanin, â-cyclodextrin, bovine serum albumin.
Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterisation and Biological Studies of Copper (II)
Complex Derived from Salycyloyl Hydrazide with Furfuraldehyde
Vidya V.G. and Jaseena A.
University College, Department of Chemistry, M G Road, Palayam, Thiruvananthapuram 695034, Kerala, INDIA
Absract: A Cu(II) complex of a schiff base [L] derived from salicyloyl hydrazide and furfuraldehyde has been prepared.
100
The ligand and metal complex were characterised by elemental analysis, magnetic measurement, molar conductance,
FTIR, UV-Vis spectra, ESR and mass spectral studies. Analytical data suggests the molecular formula of the complex as
[CuL2]Cl2. The IR spectral data suggest that the [L] is acting as neutral bidentate ligand towards Cu(II) in its complex.IR,
ESR and magnetic susceptibility of the samples taken in the solid state, electronic and mass spectra are taken in the
ethanolic solution and the conductance is measured in the methanolic solution. The electronic spectral data and magnetic
moment value agree with the tetrahedral geometry of the complex .The electrolytic nature is evidenced from its high
conductance data in methanol. The biological screening activity of the ligand and its copper(II) complex against the
bacteria Escherichia Coli, Vibreo Cholerae and fungi Aspergillus Niger, and Penicillium Crysogenum are also reported.
The complex exhibit increased activity than the ligand.
Keywords: Schiff base, IR spectra, ESR, Cu(II).
Electrochemical study of interaction of the Heavy metal ions on Redox behavior
of Anthraquinone-2-sulphonic acid at the Glassy carbon Electrode
B. Marichamy1 and N. Ramalakshmi2
1Post-Graduate
and Research Department of Chemistry, Presidency College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
2Presidency College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: The electrochemical behavior of anthroquinone-2-sulphonic acid (AQS) and the interaction of the heavy
metal ions such as Cu2+, Hg2+, Cd2+ and Mn2+ at the glassy carbon electrode in the aqueous alcoholic 0.1M KCl solution
is studied through cyclic voltammetry technique. The AQS redox system mediated dioxygen reduction process is explained.
The scan rate effect on the AQS, Cu-AQS, Hg-AQS, Cd-AQS and Mn-AQS systems provide useful parameters such as
surface concentration of electroactive species, formal potential of the AQS system, rate constant and electron transfer
coefficient number. These parameters conclude that the reduction process of AQS is catalysed by manganese ion and
oxidation process is catalysed by the cadmium and mercury ions. Multisweep cycle experiment clearly shows the
hydroxylation reaction is occurred at the 6th postion of AQS in the AQS and metal-AQS systems. The semiquinone
formation and stabilized by the OH group in the AQS is clearly explained from the appearance of the peak at -0.3V.
Except copper, all the metal-AQS system shows semiquinone peak. Thus copper undergo complexation reaction with 6hydroxydihydroanthraquinone-2-sulphonicacid which is formed at the reduction process of AQS system after the first
cycle.
Keywords: Cyclic voltammetry, multisweep cycle experiment, complexation reaction, electrocatalytic activity,
hydroxylation reaction.
Electrochemistry for Tomorrow’s World
S. Vasudevan
CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi-630006, INDIA
Abstract: The world is undergoing unprecedented change. With rising populations, and the realities of climate change,
our fragile environment and resources are being stretched beyond their limits. Electrochemistry is an area of science that
is critical to a variety of challenges outlined in this talk, including the storage of intermittent renewable energy sources,
batteries for the next generation of electric cars, the clean production of hydrogen, solar cells with greater efficiency and
sensors for use in research of biological systems and healthcare. Fundamentally electrochemistry is concerned with
inter-converting electrical and chemical energy, but practically it can be applied as an analytical and synthetic tool.
Keywords: Electrochemistry, World.
Kinetic studies of Oxidation of Glycine by Acidic Permanganate
Nameeta Bende and V.R. Chourey
Dept. of Chemistry, Govt.Holkar Science College, Indore, INDIA
Absract: A Kinetic investigation of oxidation of Glycine by acidic permanganate in presence of surfactant as catalyst
has been carried out spectrophotometrically. The reaction is double stage process in which first stage is followed by
second fast stage process. The rate shows a first order dependence on each oxidant and substrate. The reaction is studied
at different temperatures to evaluate usual kinetic and activation parameters such as rate constant, temperature coefficient,
energy of activation, entropy of activation, enthalpy, Gibb’s free energy and probability factor. The possible effect of the
increasing ionic strength on the rate was also analysed and mechanism in concordance with the experimental findings is
proposed for catalytic pathway.
Keywords- Oxidation, surfactant, catalysis, kinetic parameters, thermodynamic parameters, ionic strength.
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Synthesis of MWCNT/polystyrene Composites as Sorbent for PreConcentration of Cytotoxic Indole alkaloids
Nidhi Srivastava and Jyotshna K. Shanker
Analytical Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Lucknow-226015, INDIA
Abstract: Multi-walled Carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-polystyrene (Pst) composite materials with different MWCNT
loading were synthesized via coagulation technique. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have the capability to
adsorb analysts on its surface. In this work, adsorption capability of nine MWCNTs-composites has been used to preconcentrate the plant bioactives e.g. indole alkaloids. The indole alkaloids are known to have anticancer activity against
a wide range of carcinoma. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy was used for investigation of the morphology
and structural characteristics of composites. According to microscopy data MWCNTs/PSt composites are well distributed
in the polystyrene matrix and forming spherical particles with diameter 50-200nm. The developed method which uses
SPE analysis is very fast and simple. Quick solid phase extraction procedure that used very less amount of MWCNTs/
PSt-composites. The proposed method, is demonstrated to be quick, cheap, accurate and highly selective, for the anticancer
indole alkaloid. The detail resultswuld be discussed in the presentation.
Keywords: Multi-walled Carbon nanotubes, Polystyrene, Coagulation technique, Indole Alkaloids, Solid Phase Extraction.
Investigation of Strain effect in InGaN/GaN Multi-Quantum Wells
Dilesh Indorkar, O.P. Chourasia and S.N. Limaye
Department of Chemistry, (GDC Sausar) Dr. H.S. Gour Central University Sagar, M.P., 470003, INDIA
Abstract: The strain effect of InGaN/GaN multi-quantum wells with different indium contents has been studied in the
present paper. The high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) curves of the samples have been measured and analyzed
by a theoretical model. Based on the model, it is found that sample with higher indium content exhibits a stronger
internal strain. To further investigate the calculated results, the injection-current dependent electroluminescence (EL)
spectra have been carried out for the samples. An evident blueshift of EL peak energy with increasing current is observed
for the sample with higher indium content, implying a stronger quantum-confined-Stark effect and internal strain of it.
The inference obtained from the HRXRD line profile analysis is confirmed by the experimental results. The HRXRD can
be used as an effective tool to investigate the internal strain of InGaN/GaN MQW heterosystems.
Keywords: Quantum-confined-Stark effect, Electroluminescence, Internal strain.
Review on Scientific Insight of Dandruff/Seborrheic Dermatitis: A common
Skin Disorder
Samuelraj Isaiah and Shanmugam Karthikeyan
PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Bishop Heber College (Autonomous), Trichy-17, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: Dandruff is a mild form of seborrheic dermatitis, which is chronic, relapsing scalp condition and negatively
generates the socio-economic impact. It is associated with imbalance in the proportion of bacterial and fungal populations
colonizing the scalp. Statistics shows that 50% of the postpubertal population across the globe, irrespective of ethnicity
and gender suffered with dandruff. The review article discuss in detail, the prevalence, pathophysiology, three etiologic
facets of dandruff formation and its implications on the corneocynte. Despite, recent advances in the field of molecular
and biochemical tools, particularly with genetic-based detection methods has greatly increased our understanding of the
organisms, mechanisms, and therapeutic treatment of dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis. This article highlights the
importance of research needed to understand the lack of correlation between Malassezia number (formerly P. Ovale) and
the individual susceptibility on severity of dandruff. It also discusses other unexplored factors of dandruff formation.
Keywords: Dandruff, Malassezia, Individual Susceptibility, Corneocyte
Isolation of new oleane Glycosides from the Aerial part of Rhododenderon
anthopogon
S.C. Sati and Maneesha D. Sati
Dept. of Chemistry, H.N.B.Garhwal University (A Central University) Srinagar, Garhwal, Uttarakhand, INDIA
Abstract: Rhododenderon anthopogon belongs to family Ericaceae is an evergreen tree or shrub, distributed all over
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the world chiefly in the colder and temperate region of the tropics. Rhododenderon anthopogon are reported to possess
stimulant properties and yield incense. A number of triterpenoids, flavonoids and anthocyanins have been reported from
this plant. This paper describes the isolation of two new oleane glycosides having sugar chains (which are rare) and gives
detail of its structure elucidation. Two new oleane glycosides has been isolated from the ethanolic extract of the areal
part of Rhododenderon anthopogon and shown to be oleane 3â-hydroxy, ester-12(13)-ene-28-O-[â-D-methylglucornic
acid {(1’!3)-á-L-rhamnopyranosyl} (1’!4)-á-L-rhamnopyranoside and oleane 3â-sulphate, 12(13)-ene-ester
Keywords: Isolation, oleane, glycosides, aerial part, Rhododenderon anthopogon.
Synthesis of different derivatives of Chalcones by using 2 – hydroxyl- 5-bromo
Acetophenone and derivatives of Aromatic aldehydes and their spectral analysis
Vilas P. Chaudhari
N.B.Mehta Science College, Bordi, Dist.-Thane, MS, INDIA
Abstract: Chalcone is an aromatic enone that forms the central core for a variety of important biological compounds,
which are collectively known as chalcones. In the present study, different derivatives of p- bromo acetophenone were
initially prepared using known methods and these derivatives were then subjected to coupling with different derivatives
of aromatic aldehydes to synthesize different derivatives of chalcones in good yields. The compounds thus synthesized
were then subjected to spectral analysis using NMR which confirmed the presence of the desired chalcone products.
Synthesis of derivatives of acetophenone was carried out by using various derivatives of 4- bromo phenol followed by
acylation method using acetic anhydrides and rearrangement to yield 2 – hydroxyl, 5 – bromo acetophenone derivatives.
For the synthesis of chalcones, various derivatives of 2- hydroxyl, 5- bromo acetophenone as synthesized above were
subjected to coupling reaction with different derivatives of aromatic aldehydes. This progress of reaction was monitored
using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and the products thus obtained were recrystalyzed ethanol.
Keywords – Chalcone, synthesis, aromatic aldehydes, spectral synthesis, acetophenone.
Cobalt doped Nano Crystalline TiO2 Catalysed Photo Degradation of
Diclofenac in Aqueous Medium with pH and Mass Effects
R. Komalavalli and J. Santhanalakshmi
Department of Physical chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, A.C.Tech., Chennai-600025, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Absract: Pharmaceutical products have been used continuously with increasing percentage for the past three decades.
Consequently the pharmaceuticals have been heavily discharged into the aquatic environments without any restrictions.
In the recent years intense attention has been on the pharmaceutical compounds classified as environmental pollutants.
There are many evidences to show that some of the pharmaceuticals are not eliminated during waste water treatments,
due to lack of biodegradable aids in the environment. In the presence of ultraviolet light H2O2 and a photo catalyst like
d Cobalt doped nano TiO2, photo catalytic degradations can be performed as one of the advanced oxidation processes.
This method is effective for the degradation of Diclofenac. With the emergence of catalysis by metal oxide nano particles,
Cobalt doped nano crystalline TiO2 was synthesized by adopting combination of hydrothermal and sol gel method. HRTEM measurements for size characterization of nano TiO2 show the particle size to be 12 to 18 nm. Using UV spectra
Absorbance variation with time are recorded and used for the determination of kinetic parameters such as rate coefficient,
pH and catalyst mass effects. This degradation method has been found effective for Diclofenac. Diclofenac was irradiated
with UV lamp both in the absence and in the presence of Co doped Titania. From the absorbance value the kinetic plots
consisting of log OD0 / ODt Vs time are generated. From the kinetic plots the first order rate coefficient values under
pseudo conditions were obtained. In conclusion, we have synthesized pure and Cobalt doped nano crystalline TiO2 by
adopting a combination of hydrothermal and sol gel methods. The reaction conditions are optimized based on the various
effects of pH, and catalyst loading on the photo catalytic oxidative degradation of the diclofenac. More detailed
investigations of nanoparticle structure effects on the catalytic activity and their applicability in other synthetic
transformations are currently under investigation.
Keywords: Photo Catalytic Degradation; Nano Crystalline TiO2; Mass Effect; pH Effect; Kinetic Study.
Periodate Oxidation Technique used for the Confirmation of seeds
Polysaccharide structure from Dodonaea viscosa Linn. Plant
R.B. Singh
Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University, Khandari Campus, Agra- 282002, U.P. INDIA
Absract: Dodonaea viscosa Linn. plant belongs to Sapindaceae family and commonly called as Vilayati mehandi, is a
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evergreen ornamental hedge plant and it occurs in Himalayan region of Northern India upto 4500 feet. Crushed seeds
yielded a water soluble polysaccharide as D-glucose and D-mannose in 5:2 molar ratio by acid hydrolysis and
monosaccharides were identified by paper and separated by column chromatography. Present study deals with the periodate
oxidation for the confirmation of seed polysaccharide structure. Reaction of periodate oxidation is one of the most
important in polysaccharide structure. Periodate oxidation was done with sodium metaperiodate as oxidant. It consumed
3.20 moles of periodate and liberated 1.17 moles of formic acid per mole of anhydrohexose unit after 150 hrs. Presence
of (1’!2)-á-type; (1’!3)-á-type and (1’!4)-â-type linkages are also confirmed by the periodate oxidation results. The
glycol groups undergo cyclic ester formation with oxidant and reaction is considered to be a dialdehyde type of oxidation.
On the basis of above finding results, a tentative seed polysaccharide structure of Dodonaea viscosa Linn. After methylation
has been confirmed by periodate oxidation results.
Keywords: Periodate consumption formic acid liberation, periodate oxidation, Dodonaea viscosa seed polysaccharide.
Design and Development of s-triazine based ligand and its Metal Complexes for
NLO Activity
R. Shanmuga Kala1 and P. Tharmaraj2
1Department
of Chemistry, C.R. Engineering College, Madurai, INDIA
of Chemistry, Thiagarajar College, Madurai, INDIA
2Department
Absract: In recent years S-triazine derivatives are of considerable current interest in coordination chemistry and
supramolecular chemistry because of its electron-deficient nature. With an objective of studying the coordinating properties
of s-triazine based ligands, we report herein the design and development of s-triazine based ligand from pyrazole and its
metal complexes. A series of transition metal complexes of [ML] and [ML2] type have been synthesized from the ligand
4,6-bis(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-N-phenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine. Microanalytical data, UV-Visible, magnetic
susceptibility, IR, 1H NMR, Mass and ESR techniques were used to confirm the structure of metal chelates. Molar
conductance measurements reveal that the complexes of [ML] type are non-electrolytes and [ML2] type are 1:2 electrolytes.
Spectral data show that the ligand acts as a neutral tridentate and coordinating through the triazine nitrogen and pyrazolyl
ring nitrogen atoms to the metal ion. SHG efficiency of the ligand and metal complexes were determined and compared
with Urea and KDP. The observed results concluded that the symmetric ligand is proved to be a larger ð-conjugate
system and an effective SHG chromophore. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial activity as
well and the results indicate that the metal complexes showed enhanced antimicrobial activity than the ligand.
Keywords: s-triazine, metal complexes, NLO activity, antimicrobial activity.
Synthesis and studies on Triazine based ligand and its Metal complexes:
in-vivo Anticonvulsant, Anti-inflammatory and Neuroprotective activity
R. Shanmuga kala1 and P. Tharmaraj2
1Department
of Chemistry, C.R. Engineering College, Madurai, INDIA
of Chemistry, Thiagarajar College, Madurai, INDIA
2Department
Absract: Transition metal complexes of [ML] and [ML2] type have been synthesized from the ligand 2,4-bis(indolin-3one-2-ylimino)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine. The structural features of ligand and metal complexes have been investigated
from their elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility, molar conductance, IR, UV-Vis, 1H NMR, CV, Fluorescence
emission and ESR spectral studies. Anticonvulsant activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated in-vivo by
maximal electroshock method. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by carrageenan-induced rat paw edema method.
The administration of ligand and metal complexes significantly restore the mice from Parkinson disease. The restoration
of mice has been studied by analyzing various parameters such as, locomotor activity, antioxidants like superoxide
dismutase, reduced glutathione, lipid peroxide and oxidative stress parameters called nitrite level and myeloperoxidase
level. Our findings suggest that the newly designed ligand and its metal complexes prevent impairments within the
confines of the MPTP model of Parkinson’s disease. Hence the synthesized compounds may be utilized for further
investigations to be formulated as useful drug for Parkinson’s disease.
Keywords: s-triazine, metal complexes, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotectivity.
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FT-IR, Volumetric and Viscometric Studies of Interaction between Alkyl
Formates and n-butanol at Temperature 298.15, 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K
Mehdi Hasan1 and Satish Kumar D. Thakare2
1P.G.
Department of Physical Chemistry, M. S. G. College Malegaon Camp, Dist- Nashik, Maharashtra, INDIA
2K.R.A. Arts,
Science and Commerce College, Deola, Dist- Nashik, INDIA
Absract: Densities and viscosities of binary mixtures of n-butanol with ethyl formate, butyl formate and hexyl formate
have been measured over the entire range of composition, at T= (298.15, 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15) K and at atmospheric
pressure. The VE values are positive for all the binary mixtures studied over the entire composition range, while “ç are
negative for all the binary mixtures. These parameters have been fitted to Redlich-Kister polynomial equation. McAllister’s
multibody model has been used to co-relate the kinematic viscosities of the binary mixtures. Neat FT-IR spectra are also
taken.
Keywords: Excess molar volumes, deviation in viscosity, FT-IR, n-butanol, ethyl formate, butyl formate, hexyl formate.
Catalytic Reactions and Minimum Entropy Production
Sawangikar M.S.1, Burande C. S.2, Burande B.C. 3 Dethe P.4
1Department
of Applied Chemistry, Datta Meghe Institute of Engineering, Technology and Research, Wardha, INDIA
2Department of Applied Chemistry, Vilasrao Deshmukh College of Engineering, Mouda, RTMNU, INDIA
3Department of Applied Chemistry, Priyadarshini Indira Gandhi college of Engineering, Nagpur, RTMNU, INDIA
4Priyadarshini College of Engineering, Nagpur, RTMNU, INDIA
Abstract: The variation of entropy production in chemical reactions has been studied in this paper. The principle of
minimum entropy production says that the steady state of an irreversible process, i.e., the state in which the thermodynamic
variables are independent of the time, is characterized by a minimum value of the rate of entropy production. This
theorem, due to Prigogine applies only to the linear regime near a stationary but possibly thermodynamically non
equilibrium state. The minimum entropy production principle provides an approximate variation characterization of
close-to-equilibrium stationary states, both for macroscopic systems and for stochastic models. Theorem of minimum
entropy production has been applied to chemical reactions which were only proved for linear regime. For the study of
stationary states, we assumed linear phenomenological laws, validity of Onsager’s reciprocity relations and
phenomenological coefficients can be treated as constants. It has been shown that, for steady states sufficiently far from
equilibrium, kinetic factors (like catalytic activity) may compensate for thermodynamic improbability and thus lead to
an amplification of the steady state concentrations. It has been found that near equilibrium, catalytic action would not be
able to shift in an appreciable way the position of the steady state.
Keywords: Stationary states, phenomenological coefficients, catalytic activity.
Synthesis and Characterization of poly (p-phenylenediamine) in the presence of
Sodium dodecyl sulfate as a Surfactant
Archana S. and Jaya Shanthi R.*
Department of Chemistry, Auxilium College, Vellore-632006, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: Conducting polymers are usually classified as the cation salts of highly conjugated polymers. The cation salts
are obtained by electrochemical oxidation and electrochemical polymerization or chemical oxidation. Chemical oxidative
polymerization has formed various functional polymers. In the present work, the chemically oxidative polymerization of
p-phenylenediamine and p-phenylenediamine with surfactant like Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate was prepared at room
temperature. The synthesized polymers were characterized using spectroscopic techniques like IR, UV and it confirmed
the formation of the polymer. The thermal properties with their stability were studied using TGA, DTA and DTG and it
was confirmed that the polymers were stable up to 700°C which is evident from the activation analysis calculated from
the kinetic studies. The X-ray analysis confirms the crystalline nature of the polymer which is also confirmed from the
Scanning electron microscopic analysis. The conductivity studies carried out by Electrochemical impedance method
shows that the prepared polymers were of semiconducting in nature.
Keywords: Polymerization, Conducting polymers, polyphenylenediamine, surfactant, semiconductor.
105
Intermolecular interaction study of Binary mixtures Curcumin with
Primary alcohols in dilute solution
M. S. Manjunatha1 and J. Sannappa2
1Department
of Post-Graduate Studies and Research in Physics, Kuvempu University, Jnanasahyadri, Shankaraghatta, INDIA
2Department of Physics, Government First Grade College, Hullahalli, Karnataka, INDIA
Absract: The intermolecular interaction of 1-alcohols with Curcumin in inert solvents carbon tetrachloride and benzene
has been studied by FTIR spectroscopic method. Formation constant and free energy for 1:1 complexes has been calculated
by using Nash method. The results shows the variation of formation constant and free energy values confirms the
intermolecular hydrogen bond formation between amine group of Curcumin and hydroxyl group of 1-alcohols. Results
indicates the existence inter molecular interaction between free hydroxyl group of primary alcohols with amines substitutes
of acceptors in carbon tetra chloride media for 1:1 complex. The formation constant for the hydrogen bonded complexes
of 1-alcohols with Curcumin is in the order of 1-Pentanol <1-Butanol< 1-Propanol.
Keywords: Intermolecular, interaction study, binary mixtures, Curcumin, Primary alcohols, dilute solution.
Evaluation of the degradation Potential of new Inorganic Cation Exchanger
towards crystal violet: - A UV/Vis DRS study
S. Siji, M. A. Dhanitha and C. Janardanan
Department of Chemistry, Sree Narayana College, Kannur-670 007, Kerala, INDIA
Abstract: An efficiency for the removal of crystal violet (CV), one of the earliest synthetic dyes and an ink component,
on novel inorganic cation exchanger were studied using UV/Vis DRS. Cerium(IV) arsenomolybdate, a heteropoly acid
based cation exchanger were synthesized, characterized using FTIR, X-ray, TGA, SEM-EDS techniques. Its composition
was found to be Ce: As: Mo;1.8:1:1.4 and it is quite chemically stable. CeAsMo shows enhanced catalytic activities
towards degradation of CV.The oxidizing power of heteropoly acid units and electron exchange character of Ce are
credited to the degradation efficiency of the exchanger. The effects of catalytic dose, pH value, initial concentration of
dye, shaking time as well as temperature were ascertained, and the favorable conditions for maximum degradation were
determined. The CV was degraded more than 95% in the presence of new exchanger within 2 hours. The reproducibility
of exchanger’s behavior as catalyst showed at least a three-cycle of degradation process. The degradation of CV in
binary dye-metal mixtures has also been considered because in the wastewater of some industries are present the two
types of pollutants. Whole studies disclose that the CeAsMo showed higher efficiency towards the removal of Crystal
violet dye and can apply them to the target applications of environmental remediation and catalysis.
Keywords: Crystal violet, degradation, UV/ Vis DRS.
Jack bean Urease binding to Chromium (II)
G. Rezaei Behbehani , K. Gonbadi and L. Barzegar
Chemistry Department, faculty of science, Islamic Azad University, Takestan Branch, Takestan, IRAN
Abstract: Urease activity is often used for characterization of microbial viability in soil. The aim of the investigations
was to measure the influence of chromium (III) on urease activity. Urease activity in pure solution was so sensitive for
Cr3+, which caused inhibition of urease activity significantly. In this paper complexation reaction between Cr3+ and
Jack bean urease is examined using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). It was found that chromium ions acted as
a noncooperative inhibitor of JBU, and there is a set of 12 identical and independent binding sites for Cr3+ ions. The
association equilibrium constant is 6.79×106 L-1.mol, indicating the strong interaction of Cr3+ ion with JBU. The
molar enthalpy of binding is ∆H = 15.10 kJmol-1.
Keywords Isothermal Titration Calorimetry, jack bean urease, Cr3+ ion, binding parameters
Lantanium (II) chloride interation with Jack bean urease
G. Rezaei Behbehania, L. Barzegara, K. Gonbadia
a Chemistry
Department, faculty of science, Islamic Azad University, Takestan Branch, Takestan, IRAN
bChemistry Department, Payame Noor University (PNU), Abhar, IRAN.
c Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, IRAN
d Department of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Moallem University, Tehran, IRAN
Abstract: In this paper the reaction between La2+ ion and Jack bean urease is examined using isothermal titration
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calorimetry (ITC). It was found that chromium ions acted as a noncooperative inhibitor of JBU, and there is a set of 12
identical and independent binding sites for La2+ ions. The results obtained indicate that urease activity as so sensitive to
La2+ ion, which caused inhibition of JBU significantly. The association equilibrium constant is 1.8×105 La2+ ion L.mol1, indicating the strong interaction of La2+ ion with JBU. The molar enthalpy of binding is ∆H = -40.91 kJmol-1.
Keywords Isothermal Titration Calorimetry, jack bean urease, La2+ ion, binding parameters
Removal of reactive black 8 dye using zinc oxide nano particles
G. Rezaie Behbahani1, Z. Monsef Khoshhesab2 , K. Gonbadi3, L. Barzegar4
1Department
1Department
of Chemistry, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, IRAN
of Chemistry, faculty of science Islamic Azad University, takestan branch, takestan IRAN.
2Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor, Universityof Qazvin,IRAN
Abstract: A sorption system using nano zinc oxide, ZnO, particles as sorbent was investigated to remove reactive black
8 (RB8) dye from aqueous solutions. The system variables studied include the sorbent nanoparticles with the size of 50,
I, and 9 nm, II. Dye solution containing a concentration of 10 to 150 mg L-1. In all experiments, 25 ml containing dye
solutions with 0.2 g of ZnO sorbent were treated separately. The concentration of RB8 determined, using UV absorption
before and after exposure. The results revealed that the dye removal capacity of ZnO increased as the sorbent particle
size decreased. Maximum saturated monolayer sorption efficiency of ZnO nanoparticles for the adsorption of RB8 dye
was 36 and 97% for II and I, respectively.
Keywords: removal, nano zinc oxide, Reactive Black 8.
Study on Economic Feasibility of Algal Biodiesel Using Photobioreactor in India
S.R. Ajmire1, M.N. Varma2 and K.L. Wasewar2
1Dept.
of Chemical Engineering, Jawaharlal Darda Institute of Engg. and Tech., SGB Amravati University, Yavatmal, MS, INDIA
2Department of Chemical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, MS, INDIA
Abstract: The cost of algal biodiesel is analyzed considering algae cultivation in photobioreactor. The capacity of plant
for biomass production was assumed 220 Tons per year. All major steps are like algae cultivation, algal oil extraction,
and biodiesel production are taken into consideration for Economical analysis. Algae cultivation in photobioreactor is
considered as it has very high algal mass production rate. Alkali catalysed transesterification is carried out by continuous
processes. The commercialization of algal biofuels production is demand of this era and it is depends upon economic
feasibility of plant. Economic factors examined for this study are fixed capital cost, total manufacturing cost and
depreciation cost. Along with these there are some more costs such as engineering, construction and fitting, infrastructure,
installation cost. Operation andMaintenance cost, labor costs, cost of land (or leasing) are also taken into account as this
is also a significant expense. There is a focus of central government to evaluate the potential of algal biofuels and
economic feasibility for commercialization. Objective of this study is to get knowledge regarding feasibility of the
production of biodiesel using algal oil in India from economic point of veiw.
Keywords: photobioreactor, oil extraction, biodiesel, economic analysis.
Study on Low Cost Natural Adsorbent as a Treatment option for the a
Wastewater
Nargawe Tarachand1, Deepika Choudhari2 and Dubey Arti3
1Department
of Chemistry, Maharaja Bhoj, Govt.P.G.College Dhar, Madhya Pradesh, INDIA,
of Chemical Sciences, Maharaja Ranjit Singh College Indore, Madhya Pradesh, INDIA,
3Department of Chemistry,Bhaskar Waman Thakur College of Science,VIVA College Road,Virar (west) Mumbai,MS, INDIA.
2Department
Absract: Water used in industry creates a wastewater that has a potential hazard for our environment because of introducing
various ions into soil and water resources. Ions are very toxic in nature and harmful in the environment. The increasing
contamination of urban and Industrial wastewater by toxic ions such as SO42-, NO3-, F-, Cl-, PO43- etc causes significant
environmental pollution. This result in the pollution of water whether by the quality of water deteriorates, affecting
aquatic ecosystems pollution can also seep down air effect the groundwater deposits. The natural adsorbents (Rice
hust,Sesame husk,Tea waste, Ragi seed powder, Chalf, Sun flower husk, Red soil, Hourse gram seed power, Orange peel
powder, Chalk powder, Pineapple peel powder, Concrete, multhani matti etc.) used in the proposed study are low cost
require little processing
Keywords: Industry, environment, ions, ecosystem, groundwater
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Redox Polymerization of Poly Acrylic Acid Bearing Hydroquinone Moiety
Shanmugapriya.V and R.Jaya Shanthi
P.G. and Research Department of Chemistry, Auxilium College, Vellore-632006, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: Redox polymers are addition polymers synthesized by polymerization of hydroquinone – quinone derivatives
which contain vinyl groups. In the present work Poly acrylic acid was chemically modified with phenol and were synthesized
using the redox initiators like, potassium persulphate and potassium dichromate. The resulting polymers were characterized
by FT-IR, UV-Vis spectroscopy and it confirms the successful substitution of poly acrylic acid. The thermal properties
were studied using TGA, DTA and DSC techniques and found that the polymers prepared were thermally stable. Redox
properties of chemically modified poly acrylic acid were evaluated by their mid-potentials potentiometrically estimated
at two temperatures like 20ÚC and 35ÚC. The mid-potentials obtained for modified poly acrylic acid were found to be
higher than those of phenol under the same conditions. The potential rise was believed to be the result of a plausible
adherence of the oxidized form of the polymer to the indicator electrode. The prepared polymer was considered as an
adsorbent to remove heavy metals like Chromium and Lead at two different pH like 2and 5. The results clearly indicate
that the prepared redox polymer acts as a good adsorbent to remove efficiently the heavy metal like lead than the
chromium. The sensing ability of the redox polymer was carried out at different electrolytes like HCl, KCl, NaCl, LiCl
and NH4Cl and found that it was effective against HCl
Keywords: Phenol, Redox potential, quinone, Potassium persulphate, Potassium dichromate.
Comparison of Binding Efficacy of Photosensitizers TPP and Zn-TPP with BSA
and DNA
Lydia Festus Kanmani. P, Daniel Prakash T., Thangarathinam. J and Violet Dhayabaran V.
Department of Chemistry, Bishop Heber College (Autonomous), Tiruchirapplli – 620 017, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising alternative cancer therapy based on the selective retention of
photosensitizers like porphyrins in tumours. Poor selectivity of photosensitizing drugs frequently leads to the necrosis of
the surrounding healthy tissues together with a skin photosensitivity causing a lot of health problems. Therefore it is
essential to target the cancer cells selectively by using porphyrin conjugates to improve the efficiency of photodynamic
therapy. In the present study the binding efficacy of photosensitizers, meso-Tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) and Zinc mesotetraphenylporphyrin (Zn-TPP) with biomolecules, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and DNA was investigated. UV-visible
absorption studies were carried out and the binding constants (Kapp) were calculated based on Benesel and Hildebrand
equation. The experimental results revealed the fact that zinc complex has more ability to bind with BSA and DNA. The
electrochemical behaviour of TPP and Zn-TPP were compared using cyclic voltammetric studies. The analysis of UVvisible absorption spectrum and IR spectrum of TPP and Zn-TPP shows their structural properties. Further studies
should be carried out to investigate the binding property of various metal porphyrin complexes with BSA and DNA and
the factors influencing binding efficacy to understand the effectiveness of the complexes on PDT.
Keywords: Photodynamic therapy, TPP, Zn -TPP, Binding efficacy, BSA, DNA.
Evaluating the efficacy of Polyurethane Polymer as a Antimicrobial agents over
Woods
Kunjan Songara1 and Anamica Jain2
1Dept.
2Dept.
of Chemistry, Maharaja Bhoj Govt. P.G College, Dhar, MP, INDIA
of Chemistry, Mata Jija Bai Govt. Girls P.G. College, Indore, MP, INDIA
Abstract: The viability of nosocomial and community-acquired bacterial pathogens was assessed on polyurethane
composite wood products containing different antimicrobial agents. Samples containing three paint system were tested
in separate using gram (+) and gram (-) bacterial species. Materials like wood, play woods and. The Main advantages of
coating antimicrobials over Organic systems (wood) in polymers are their good thermal stability in addition to health and
environmental safety. Polyurethane varnish with primer and paint was used for preparation of polyurethane based coating
four different types of wood strips were used. the antimicrobial activity of polyurethane coating was conducted against
three bacteria. E.coli (MTCC 739), Salmonella (MTCC 733) and Stafhylococcus aureus (MTCC 96). The pour- plate
Methods were used and Nutrient Agar was used as a media for initiating the growth of Bacteria’s. A parallel test on the
polyurethane varnishes. as well as without polyurethane and paint was also carried out for comparisons. The counted
108
number of bacterial colonies and photographs of investigations. The results clearly indicate that the pure polyurethane
varnishes coated on wood strips samples shows antimicrobial properties but different bacteria’s shows different biocidal
activity over woods.
Keywords: Bacteria, wood strips, materia, antimicrobial, coating.
A Study of Thermodynamic and Interaction Parameters of n-Formylmorpholine
with some Halo-Benzenes at Temperatures of 303.15, 308.15, and 313.15 K
Sangita Sharma*, Paras Patel and Madhuresh Makavana
Department of Chemistry, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, INDIA
Abstract: Density (ñ) and viscosity (ç) of binary mixtures of N-FormylMorpholine (NFM) with Fluorobenzene,
Chlorobenzene and Bromobenzene were measured over the entire composition range at 303.15, 308.15, and 313.15 K.
The excess molar volume (VE), deviation in viscosity (Äç), and excess free energy of activation of viscous flow (G#E)
were calculated using corresponding experimental data as a function of composition. Interaction parameters D12, G12,
T12, and Wvis/RT were determined from experimental data of viscosity using the well-known two-body models of DolezalekSchulze, Grunberg-Nissan, Tamura-Kurata, and Katti-Chaudhari respectively. The parameters M12 and M21 were calculated
using the three-body McAllister relation, and it was found that correlating ability significantly improves for these nonideal systems as adjustable parameters increase. The excess and deviation functions VE, Äç, and G# E were found to have
negative values, and these values indicate the presence of molecular interactions in these binary mixtures. The computed
results were fitted to the Redlich-Kister polynomial equation. The main thrust of this study is to correlate the excess
properties and interaction parameters with the nature of molecular interactions between the mixing components.
Keywords: Density, excess molar volume, Viscosity, excess Gibbs’ free energy, Interaction parameter, N-Formyl
Morpholine.
Corrosion Inhibition Behaviour of N-[(4-hydroxyphenyl) Methylene]
Pyridine-3-Carbohydrazide on mild steel in Acidic Medium
Sangita Sharma and Naveen Kumar
Department of Chemistry, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan -384265 (Gujarat), INDIA
Abstract: The inhibition properties of N-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]pyridine-3-carbohydrazide on corrosion of mild
steel in 0.5M trichloroacetic acid was studied by weight loss, potential and polarization methods. It has been found that
the inhibitor show a very good inhibition efficiency at different temperatures and concentration of the inhibitor. The
polarization studies revels that the inhibitor is a mixed type of inhibitor. The adsorption of the inhibitor on the metal
surface follows Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The thermodynamic parameters “G, “H and “S show both physical and
chemical adsorption on the surface of the metal.
Keyword: Mild steel, trichloroacetic acid, N-[(4-hydroxyphenyl) methylene]pyridine-3-carbohydrazide.
Solution State studies on Thermodynamic Parameters and Complexation
behavior of Inner Transition metal ions with phenylephrine hydrochloride in
aqueous medium at different temperature
Sangita Sharma1*, Mahesh V. Kadia2 and Niral Modi1
1Department
of Chemistry, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan-384 265, Gujarat, INDIA
2C.U.Shah Science College, Ashram road, Ahmadabad, Gujarat, INDIA
Abstract: The determination of formation constants of binary inner transition metal complexes where M= Y(III),
La(III), Ce(III), Pr(III), Nd(III),Sm(III), Gd(III), Tb(III) and Dy(III) and L= Phenylephrine hydrochloride have been
carried out using Irving – Rossotti titration technique in aqueous media at different temperatures and at ionic strength.
PKAS and BEST Fortran IV computer programs have calculated the formation constant (logân). The thermodynemic
parameter (“G, “H and “S) are also evaluated, negative “G, “H and positive “S values indicate that complex formation is
favorable at ordinary temperature. The order of stability for metals are Y(III) < La(III) < Ce(III), Pr(III) < Nd(III) <
Sm(III) > Gd(III) < Tb(III) < Dy(III). This order can be explained on the basis of basicity of ligand, protonation of ligand
electronic configuration of metal ions size and ionic potential of tri positive ions and species distribution diagram.
Keywords: Formation constants, inner transition metals; Phenylephrine hydrochloride; binary complexes and BEST
FIT model.
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Corrosion inhibition and Adsorption properties of Imidazole on Mild Steel in
binary acid mixture of (HNO3+HCl)
K. B. Patel and H. K. Kadiya
C. U. Shah Science College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat-INDIA
Abstract: The corrosion inhibition of Imidazole on Mild Steel in (HNO3 +HCl) binary acid mixture was studied by
weight loss, Temperature methods and Polarization technique. Corrosion rate increases with increase in concentration of
mix acid. The inhibition efficiency of Imidazole increased as the concentration of Imidazole Increased. The inhibitor is
found to be an excellent corrosion inhibitor from the result obtained. The adsorption of inhibitor on Mild Steel surface
has been found to obey Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The inhibition action depends on the chemical structure,
concentration of the inhibitor and concentration of the corrosive medium. The values of activation energy (Ea), free
energy of activation (ÄG°ads), Heat of adsorption (Qads), enthalpy of adsorption (ÄH0ads) and entropy of adsorption
(ÄS0ads) were calculated. Corrosion rate increases while I. E. decreases with rise in temperature.
Keywords: Corrosion, Mild Steel, Nitric and Hydrochloric acid mixture, Imidazole.
Syntheses, Characterization and Cytotoxic study of Mn(II) Complexes of
Cuminaldehyde semi and Thiosemi carbazones
Rosaline Ezhilarasi J and Jaya Santhi R
P G and Research Department of Chemistry, Auxilium College, Vellore-632006, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: The Mn(II) complexes of cuminaldehyde semi and thiosemi carbazones were synthesized by reacting 4isopropyl benzaldehyde semicarbazone and thiosemicarbazone ligands with MnCl2.4H2O. The infrared, UV, EPR, 1H
and 13C NMR spectra of the complexes have been assigned. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA, DTA) and elemental
analyses were also carried out. The data agree quite well with the proposed structures and show that the complexes were
finally decomposed to the corresponding ligands. The metal complexes were screened for their cytotoxicity in HeLa cell
line using MTT assay and IC50 values were calculated in µg / mL. The study shows that the percentage of inhibition
increases with increase in concentration and the cytotoxic activity of Mn(II) semicarbazone complex is greater than the
corresponding thiosemi carbazone complex.
Keywords: 4-isopropyl benzaldehyde; semicarbazone; metal complexes; IR; 1H NMR; cytotoxicity.
Efficacy of Zirconium (IV) Tellurotungstate Encapsulated in the Matrix of
Polyaniline for Heavy Metal ion separation
Nimisha K.V., Aparna Mohan and Janardanan C.
Department of chemistry, SreeNarayana College, Kannur, Kerala-670 007, INDIA
Abstract: A new heteropolyacid salt based composite cationexchanger, Zirconium(IV)tellurotungstate(ZrTeW),has been
synthesized by co-precipitation method and it is incorporated into the matrix of polyaniline by simple method. The
material was found to be granular and can be conveniently used in columnoperations. The material was characterized by
various analytical techniques. The material showed higher ion exchange capacity(1.48 meq/g) than its inorganic
counterpart(1.1meq/g).Effects of temperature and ionic radii on ion exchange capacity, chemical stability in various
solvents, pH titration studies were also carried to understand the ion exchange capabilities. The distribution co-efficient
studies of metal ions in various electrolytes on exchanger revealed that the material is highly selective for Bi3+ and Th4+,
which are toxic environmental pollutants. The selectivity of various metal ion was found to be in the order
Bi3+>Th4+>Pb2+>Zn2+>Mn2+>Ca2+>Al3+>Hg2+>Co2+>Ni2+>Cd2+>Mg2+>Cu2+.The analytical application has been
explored by achieving some binary separation of heavy metal ions such as Bi3+-Cu2+, Th4+-Cu2+, etc.Practical application
ofthe material was tested by using various industrial wastewaters and was found to be used successfully in the separation
of toxic/heavy metal ions.
Keywords: Cation exchanger, polyaniline, distribution coefficient, binary separation.
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Photocatalytic Degradation of Tartrazine Using Semiconductor Calcium
Aluminate-Magnetite Nanoparticles
Arun M., Padmavathy R., Radhika N., Steplin Paul Selvin S. and Sharmila Lydia I.
Department of Chemistry, Bishop Heber College, Tiruchirappalli -17, INDIA
Abstract: A Calcium aluminate – Magnetite (CaAl2O4 – Fe3O4) photocatalyst was successfully prepared via combustion
method. The as-synthesized photocatalyst was characterized by XRD, SEM, EDX techniques. The Photocatalytic activity
was investigated via tartrazine dye as a model organic compound under UV and Visible light irradiation. The degradability
of tartrazine dye under UV/H2O2/photocatalyst condition was also examined. It was observed that the prepared Calcium
aluminate – Magnetite photocatalyst is highly effective in degrading tartrazine dye completely in a short interval of 60
minutes. The influence of operating parameters on tartrazine dye, including the amount of photocatalyst, pH,
photodegradation temperature, dye concentration was thoroughly examined. In addition, the kinetic study reveals that
the degradation of tartrazine using nanosized Calcium aluminate - Magnetite photocatalyst follows the pseudo- first
order kinetics according to Langmuir- Hinshelwood plot. The combination of Calcium aluminate- Magnetite Nanoparticles
leads to thigh Photocatalytic activity which effectively prevents the direct recombination of electrons and holes, thereby
degrading the tartrazine dye solution completely, under UV/Visible light irradiation. The magnetic properties of CaAl2O4
– Fe3O4 are maintained in the nanomaterials and therefore the photocatalyst can be easily separated by the magnetic
field.
Keywords: Nanoparticles, photocatalyst, tartrazine, degradation, kinetics.
Nucleation Kinetics and Solubility Studies of Piperazinium Picrate
Non-Linear Optical Single Crystal
S. Suguna1, D. Anbuselvi2, K.S. Nagaraja1 and B. Jeyaraj1*
1Department
of Chemistry, Loyola Institute of Frontier Energy (LIFE), Chennai, INDIA
of Physics, Loyola College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
2Department
Abstract: A new non-linear optical material Piperazinium Picrate has been grown by slow evaporation solution growth
technique. The solubility and nucleation parameters of organic nonlinear material Piperazinium picrate have been
determined.The solubility was measured using constant temperature water bath at different temperatures with various
concentrations. The nucleation parameters such as Gibbs free energy change, radius of critical nuclei, critical free energy
barrier, number of molecules in the critical nuclei, interfacial tension and the nucleation rate have been evaluated by
classical nucleation theory and Modified classical nucleation theory. It is observed that the nucleation rate increases with
the increase of supersaturation. Low nucleation centers resulted in larger and more perfect single crystals. The decrease
in nucleation centers at higher temperature has been interpreted in terms of a decrease in supersaturation, an increase in
critical size of nucleus and free energy of nucleus. Growth of large size crystals for device application requires better
knowledge on the nucleation parameters.
Keywords: Single crystal, Solubility, Gibbs free energy, Supersaturation, Interfacial energy.
Chemical Speciation of Binary Complexes of L-proline with some
Biologically Important Metalions
Boddu Veeraswami1 and Gollapalli Nageswara Rao2
1GITAM
Institute of Technology, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam-530045, INDIA
of Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530003, INDIA
2School
Abstract: Chemical speciation of binary complexes of Ca(II), Zn(II) and Mn(II) with L-proline was investigated pHmetrically in propylene glycol-water mixtures. The best-fit chemical models were selected based on statistical parameters
and residual analysis. The predominant species detected for the binary species contained ML+, MLH2+ and ML2H+ for
Ca(II), Zn(II) and Mn(II) in propylene glycol-water mixtures. The best fit chemical models were arrived at based on
statistical parameters. The appropriateness of the models is ascertained by studying the effect of errors in concentrations
of ingredients. The stability constants were calculated using the computer program MINIQUAD75. The trend in variation
of stability constants with change in the dielectric constant of the medium was explained on the basis of electrostatic and
non-electrostatic forces. Distribution of the species with pH at different variations (0.0-60.0% v/v) in propylene glycolwater mixtures was also presented.
Keywords: Chemical, speciation, binary complexes, l-proline, biologically, metalions.
111
Adsorption of Fuschin Basic on Activated Carbon Prepared from Bael tree bark
(Biosorbent): Equilibrium, Kinetics and Thermodynamic studies
S. Valliammai, Y. Subbareddy, K. S. Nagaraja and B. Jeyaraj
Department of Chemistry, Loyola Institute of Frontier Energy (LIFE), Loyola College, Chennai, TN-600034, INDIA
Absract: Activated carbon was prepared from Bael tree bark by phosphoric acid activation for the treatment of Fuschin
basic (FB) a basic dye. Adsorption studies were performed to determine the effect of various parameters like contact
time, adsorbent dose, temperature, concentration and pH. The surface morphology of the activated carbon observed by
SEM indicated that the activated carbon has different sizes of pores this might be due to the presence of mesoporous
nature of activated carbon. The extent of dye removal increased with increase in adsorbent dose, contact time, temperature
and decreased with increase in concentration at a constant dose of the adsorbent. The experimental data were analyzed
by Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms. The isothermal adsorption data fitted best to the Langmuir
model. The mean energy of adsorption (E) values indicated that chemisorption might be the major mode in the adsorption
of FB over the activated carbon. The adsorption kinetics of FB followed the pseudo second order reaction model.
Thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption was spontaneous, endothermic and entropy controlled process. The
results reveal that this novel biosorbent has a potential to be used as an economical adsorbent for the removal of FB.
Keywords: Bael tree, activated carbon, adsorption isotherms, thermodynamics, kinetics.
Green Synthesis of Vanadium Oxide Nanoparticles using Nyctanthes ArborTristis Leaves Extract
Eva Gnana Dhana Rani. S and Sharmila Lydia. I
PG and Research Department of chemistry, Bishop Heber College, Trichy-17, INDIA
Abstract: A critical need in the field of nanotechnology is the development of reliable and eco-friendly processes for
synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. Here, a simple biological and low-cost approach is reported for preparation of stable
vanadium pentoxide from ammonium meta vanadate solution by a bioreduction method using nyctanthes leaves extract
as a reducing agent and a stabilizing agent. Biologically synthesized vanadium oxide nanoparticles could be of immense
use in medicine for their efficient antibacterial and antimicrobial properties. The characteristics of the obtained vanadium
oxide nanoparticles were studied using UV-Vis, XRD, EDX, and SEM techniques. The results confirm the purity and the
stability of vanadium oxide nanoparticles. The crystallite size was calculated from the width of the XRD peaks, assuming
that they are free from non-uniform strains, using the Scherrer formula. The SEM micrographs revealed a rod and flower
like nanostructures. The cleaved layer are clearly visible, so it can be inferred that the rod and flower like materials
derived from the clevages of its starting material. The results from EDX spectra showed that the vanadium oxide
nanoparticles contain vanidium and oxygen atoms without any impurity . The atom ratio of vanadium oxide was found to
be 68.47 : 31.53 for vanadium and oxygen respectively.
Keywords: Vanadium oxide, Nyctanthes Arbor-Tristis, nanoparticle, stabilizing agent, antibacterial, antimicrobial.
A Thermodynamic investigation of Lysozyme binding to Sodium Dodecyl
Sulfate in Different Temperatures and pHs
I. Alvanian1, S. Ramazani2, K. Gonbady2, G. Rezaei Behbehani2 and L. Barzegar 2
1Faculty
2Chemistry
of chemistry, Buali University, Hamadan, IRAN
Department, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, IRAN
Abstract: The interaction of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) with hen egg lysozyme have been investigated in 298, 303
and 308 K in phosphate buffer at two different pH values of 5 and 7 using isothermal titration calorimetry. The negative
SDS ion binds to positive residues, neutralizes the protein surface charges and leads to precipitation and turbidity of the
solution. At low concentrations of SDS, the binding is mainly electrostatic, with some simultaneous interaction of the
hydrophobic tail with nearby hydrophobic patches on the lysozyme. The enthalpies of denaturation at pH =7 are 180.47,
198.51 and 216.56 kjmol-1 for 298, 303 and 308 K respectively.
Keywords: Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate, Lysozyme, Unfolding, Isothermal titration calorimetry.
112
Determination of Iron in Ferrochrome slag–A Solvent Extraction study
A.V.L.N.S.H. Hariharan1, Ch. Sudhakar1 and B.Venkateswara Rao2
1Department
2Department
of Chemistry, GIT, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam–530 045, INDIA
of Engineering Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam–530 045, INDIA
Absract: Solvent extraction of iron (III) from hydrochloric, sulphuric, nitric and perchloric acid solutions with Tri-nbutylamine (TBuA) in benzene has been studied. The extractions are nearly quantitative from all the acid solutions. The
optimum conditions for extraction were established from the study of the effect of several variables like concentration of
amine, metal ion, acidity, foreign ions etc. Attempts are also made to strip iron from the organic phase with 1.0M H2SO4.
The extracted species are identified. The method has been applied for the determination of iron in tap water as well as
ferrochrome slag.
Keywords: Solvent extraction -iron (III) - Mineral acid - Tri-n- Butyl amine [TBuA] - Slag
Green Synthesis of Biginelli Products of Meldrum Acid
Vijay V Dabholkar*, Mustaqeem Mohammed A and Omprakash G. Yadav
Organic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, KC College, Churchgate, Mumbai-400 020, INDIA
Abstract: A simple and efficient method has been devised for the synthesis of 7H,8H,10H-8,10-diaza-2,4-dioxa-5,9dioxo-7-(substituted) phenylbicyclo [4.4.0] dec-1(6)-ene (1) and 7H,8H,10H-8,10-diaza-2,4-dioxa-5-oxo-9-thioxo-7(substituted) phenylbicyclo [4.4.0] dec-1(6)-ene (2), by a one-pot three component cyclocondensation reaction of 1,3
dicarbonyl compound (Meldrum), aromatic aldehyde, and urea/thiourea using catalytic amount of fresh lemon juice in
refluxing ethanol. Representative samples were screened for their anti-microbial activities against gram-negative bacteria
and gram-positive bacteria using disc diffusion method. The structures of the products were confirmed by IR, 1H, 13C
NMR and elemental analysis.
Keywords: aromatic aldehydes, dihydropyrimidine, Meldrum acid.
Microwave catalyzed synthesis of 2-imino-5-phenyl oxazole / thiazole-4-ones
Vijay V Dabholkar*, Sagar D. Shah and Viral M. Dave
Organic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, KC College, Churchgate, Mumbai-400 020 INDIA
Abstract: A series of 2-imino-5-phenyl oxazole-4-ones (1) and 2-imino-5-phenyl thiazole-4-ones (2) have been synthesized
by interaction of ethyl-2-bromo-2-phenyl ethanoate with ureas and thioureas under microwave condition respectively.
The technique consumes less time and gives excellent yield of 1 and 2. These compounds were also synthesized by
conventional method. Structure of compounds has been elucidated on the basis of spectral and laboratorial technique.
Further, the compound will be scanned for their biological activities.
Keywords: phenyl acetic acid, urea, thiourea, oxazoles, thiazoles.
Synthesis and Characterization of Co2MnO4 Nanopowder by Combustion
Method
M. Shanmugavadivel, M. Subramanian and V. Violet Dhayabaran*
PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Bishop Heber College (Autonomous), Tiruchirapalli-620 017, Tamilnadu, INDIA
Abstract: The nanostructure transition metal oxides have attracted considerable attention in the past decade because of
their unique chemical and physical properties leading to numerous potential applications. The high potential of
photoconductive behaviour used in supercapacitor, electro chromic and sensor devices. Co2MnO4 nanopowder has been
synthesized by combustion method based on in situ polymerization of tartaric acid along with cobalt nitrate and manganese
acetate. The synthesized materials were characterized by different analytical techniques such as FTIR, DRS, SEM,
XRD, TG-DTA. Diffuse reflectance Spectra was performed to study the optical property and band gap of the synthesized
Co2MnO4 nanoparticles. Many intence peaks are observed in the FT-IR spectrum indicates the presence of functional
group in the resultant precursor material which is due to the presence of organic molecules and these peaks are disappeared
after the calcination at 900o C. The particle size was in the range of 48 - 50 nm. Surface morphology and cubic crystal
structure of prepared Co2MnO4 nanoparticles were confirmed using SEM, TEM and XRD studies.
Keywords: Nanomaterials, Binary metal oxides, Combustion Synthesis, Metal-Tartrato complex Mechanism, Physicochemical Characterization.
113
Potential Role of Diaminopyridine based Binucleating Schif Base Ligand and its
Cu (II) and Co(II) Complexes in Biogical Studies
M. Usharani1, E. Akila1, P. Jayaseelan2, R. Ashokan1, P. Maheswaran1 and R. Rajavel1
1Department
of Chemistry, Periyar University, Periyar palkalai Nagar, Salem, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Division, Mettur Thermal Power Station, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
2Chemical
Absract: An aromatic Schiff base ligand containing two N3O donor atoms was synthesized by the condensation reaction
of Benzene-1,4-dicarbaldehyde, 2,6-diaminopyridne and 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehye. The synthesized ligand and
2,2’bipyridyl react with Cu(II)/Co(II) ions forming binuclear Schiff base complexes which has been characterized through
various physicochemical techniques. The data suggest that Schiff base ligand afford octahedral geometry on metalation
with Cu(II)/Co(II) ions. The binding behaviour of these complexes with DNA has been investigated using electronic
absorption spectroscopy as well as viscosity measurements; the results show that they interact with DNA through
intercalating way. From the DNA cleavage study of these complexes, investigated by gel electrophoresis, we found that
they efficiently cleave supercoiled pUC18 DNA in the presence of a reducing agent. In addition, the inhibition capacities
of these compounds on some fungi show that they have antifungal activity to different extent.
Keywords: DNA interaction, N3O donor, 2,2’bipyridyl, antibacterial, Benzene-1,4-dicarbaldehyde
Amino Acid Based Schiff Base Ligand and its Cu(II) and Ni(II) Complexes;
Structural and Biological Investigations
P. Ratha and T. Palvannan
Department of Biochemistry, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Absract: New N2O2 tetradentate donor Schiff bases derived from s-allyl cysteine and glyoxal and their mononuclear
Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes were synthesized and characterized extensively by elemental, conductivity measurements,
IR, UV and 1H NMR analysis. Results obtained from spectroscopic analyses of synthesized compounds were in a very
good agreement with their chemical structures. Specifically the magnetic and electronic spectral measurements demonstrate
the square planar geometries of copper(II), nickel(II) complexes. The electron paramagnetic resonance spectral data
satisfied the presence of a paramagnetic phenomenon and support the expected geometrical structure of Cu(II) complex
which is obtained from electronic spectral data. All the ligands and complexes were screened for their in vitro antibacterial
activity by the disc diffusion assay against two Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus) and
two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia). Schiff base were found to exhibit moderate activity
but all the complexes exhibited varied vigorous activity against different bacteria. Schiff bases were inactive before
complexation and found to be more active upon coordination with the mentioned bivalent transition metal ions.
Keywords: Amino acid, Schiff base, metal complex, tetradentate, antibacterial activity
Nanogold Doped TIO2 Nanotubes: Efficient Solar Photocatalyst for the
Degradation of Endosulfan
Jesty Thomas* and Chitra K.R
Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Kuriakose Elias College, Mannanam, Kottayam, Kerala 686561, INDIA
Abstract The presence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) like endosulfan in the environment is of grave public
concern and research is intensifying in the area of remediation of these contaminants. Conventional biological treatment
processes for the removal of POPs are very slow or ineffective. Recently, photocatalysis involving TiO2 is attracting
interest in the degradation of endocrine disrupting chemical compounds and pesticides. But due to the wide band gap
(3.2 eV) of TiO2, an ultraviolet irradiation is necessary for photocatalysis. This has consequent implications for the use
of TiO2 as solar light activated catalyst. More practical applications can be achieved if the photocatalytically active
region is extended to the visible region. Therefore it is an important issue to develop a new TiO2 photocatalytic system
with enhanced activities under both UV and visible light irradiation, improving the utilization efficiency of the solar
energy for the degradation of pollutants. In this study we have synthesized nanogold doped TiO2 nanotubes which are
photocatalytically active under solar light. Gold nanoparticles for doping were prepared by chemical reduction and
stabilization employing D-glucosamine. Nanotubes were characterized by XRD, DRS, SEM and TEM. DRS study showed
that nanogold doping on titania nanotubes induced a shift of absorption edge to the visible range and there was a narrowing
of the band gap. The synthesized novel photocatlyst was used for the degradation of highly persistent pesticide â endosulfan.
114
We found that near complete degradation of â endosulfan is possible by solar photocatalysis using the synthesized
nanogold doped TiO2 nanotubes.
Keywords: TiO2 nanotubes, Nano gold, solar photocatalysis, persistent organic pollutant, Endosulfan.
Malachite Green Dye Removal from Pretreated Effluent Using Activated
Carbon from Tunic of Allium cepa
N.T.Rajeeva Lakshmi and Meena Vangalapati*
Dept of Chemical engineering, AUCE(A), Andhra university, Visakhapatnam, A.P, INDIA
Abstract: Malachite green (MG), a basic dye, is most widely used for coloring purpose in textile industry and widely
used in the aquaculture industry worldwide. Effluent discarding into the open environment leads to the dangerous threat
with a chronic or acute exposure. So, for the treatment of effluents, a suitable technique should be opted for the total
removal of dyes. Adsorption is the effective technique for the removal of dyes. The effluent was carried in to a pretreatment
technique and a partial color removal was achieved. Hence another technique was adopted for the total removal of dye
from the effluent. Applying Adsorption technique, to the pretreated effluent with Activated Carbon from Tunic of Allium
cepa (ACTAC) as an adsorbent. The optimum percentage of the removal of malachite green dye was found with ACTAC.
Keywords: Adsorption, Tunic of Allium cepa, pretreated effluent, Malachite green, effluent treatment.
DFT Studies on Three-Membered Heterocycles towards their participation in
Diels-Alder reaction using Global and local reactivity Descriptors
Sahu Vinita
Alliance College of Engineering and Design, Alliance University, Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA
Abstract: Global and local reactivity descriptors are very helpful and important tool for the prediction of mechanism
and reactivity of Diels-Alder reactions. Three –membered heterocycles are very reactive and they undergo Diels-Alder
reaction with various dienes to afford chemically and medicinally significant cycloadducts. In view of this, theoretical
studies have been done on cycloaddition reaction of these heterocycles using global and local reactivity descriptors.
Global and local electrophilicity descriptors viz., electrophilicity index ù , chemical potential ì , chemical softness S,
chemical hardness ç etc. have been evaluated for diene and dienophilicmoieties. Moreover electrophilic (fk+)& nucleophilic
fukui (fk-)functions have also been evaluated using the DFT method at the B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory to predict the
regioselectivity of cycloaddition processes.The results were found to be quite useful for the prediction of Diels-Alder
cycloaddition reactions.
Keywords: DFT, Global and local electrophilicity descriptors, Diels-Alder reaction.
Solid Support Microwave Reaction: A New Green Synthesis Technique
Monga Paramjeet K.1, Bhasin Sheetal2 and Dubey Arti3
1Department
2Dept.
of Chemistry, Shreeneel Kantheshwar Govt. P.G. College, Khandwa, MP, INDIA
of Biosciences, Maharaja Ranjit Singh College of Professional Sciences, Hemkunt Campus, Indore, MP, INDIA
3Department of Chemistry, VIVA College, Virar West Thane, MS, INDIA
Abstract: The current interest in solid-phase organic synthesis has led to a renewed interest in a complementary technique
in which solid supported reagents are used in solution phase chemistry. Solid phase organic synthesis is a rapidly expanding
area of synthetic chemistry which is being widely exploited in the search for new biologically active compounds by
combinatorial techniques. The combination of microwave (MW) irradiation with solid supported reagent becomes an
interesting and popular theme in synthetic organic chemistry. Recovery of both products and inorganic support/catalyst
is generally possible, leading to an efficient and low waste route to a range of products.
Keywords: Solid-supported reagents, solid-phase reagents, polymer-supported reagents, organic synthesis, green chemistry.
Kinetic approach to acid Catalyzed Hydrolysis of mono-6–chloro-2,
4-Dinitroaniline Phosphate
Mithilesh Kumari Gupta and S. A. Bhoite*
School of Studies in Chemistry PT. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur, Chhattishgarh 492010, INDIA
Abstract: Phosphate ester hydrolysis plays a very important role in many biological processes. To understand such a
process it is essential to obtain a quantitative description of the corresponding reaction in solution. The investigation
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belongs to synthesis, confirmation and kinetic behavior of acid catalyzed hydrolysis of mono-6-chloro-2, 4-dinitroaniline
phosphate. Hydrolysis of mono-6-chloro-2, 4-dinitroaniline phosphate has been carried out in 0.1-7.0 mol dm-3
hydrochloric acid at 50oC in aqueous medium. The log rate profile shows that rate of reaction increases up to 4.0 mol dm3 hydrochloric acid and after that it decreases. Positive salt effect has been shown through ionic strength data. Ionic
strength data up to 3.0 µ requires participation of conjugate acid species to determine theoretical rates. Behavior of
molecularity and order of reaction has been decided by the use of different concepts and hypothesis, such as ZuckerHammett, Hammett acidity function, Bunnett, Bunett-Olsen and Arrhenious parameters. Isokinetic relationship has been
used to propose probable mechanism for the hydrolysis. Comparative isokinetic rate data of similarly substituted some
other phosphate monoesters whose mechanism is known supported P-N bond fission.
Keywords: Mono-6-choro-2, 4-dinitroaniline phosphate, Acid catalyzed hydrolysis, Conjugate acid species, Molecularity,
P-N bond fission.
Synthesis and Kinetic study of Mono-n-ethyl-o-toluidine Phosphate in Buffer
Media
Homeshwari Yadav and S.A. Bhoite*
School of Studies in Chemistry, PT. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, INDIA
Abstract: The aim the present work is to study the hydrolytic reactions of mono-N-ethyl-o-toluidine Phosphate in buffer
solution at 50oC in the pH range 0.00 to 7.80. The inorganic phosphate produced during hydrolysis has been determined
spectrophotometrically using Allen’s modified method. The rate of reaction increases with increase in pH up to 4.00. The
maximum value at pH 4.00 is due to hydrolysis via mononegative and neutral species. After pH 4.00 the rate of hydrolysis
decreases due to dissociation of mononegative species in to dinegative species. The nature of dinegative species is inert.
The theoretical rate determined from specific rate and fractions of the neutral species agree closely with the experimental
rates. Arrhenius parameters favour bimolecular hydrolysis for both neutral and mononegative species. Comparative
kinetic rate data support bimolecular nature of hydrolysis via P-N bond fission.
Keywords: Hydrolysis, Mono-N-ethyl-o-toluidine phosphate, Buffer media, Allen’s method, P-N bond fission.
Electrochemical detection of Noradrenaline in presence of Ascorbic acid and
serotonin at tetra octyl ammonium bromide modified carbon paste electrode:
A cyclic voltammetric study
S. Sharath Shankar1 and B.E. Kumara Swamy2
1Currently
working at Chemical Science and Technology Division (CSTD), National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and
Technology (NIIST), CSIR, Thiruvananthapuram-695019, INDIA
2Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry, Kuvempu University, Jnana Sahyadri, Shankaraghatta-577
451, Karnataka, INDIA
Abstract: A cationic surfactant tetra octyl ammonium bromide modified carbon paste electrode (TOABMCPE) was
fabricated and the electrochemical behaviour of norepinephrine (NE) at the modified electrode was investigated by
cyclic voltammetric and differential pulse voltammetric techniques. Compared to bare carbon paste electrode, a welldefined oxidation peak was observed at 174 mV and the significant increase in peak current at modified carbon paste
electrode was obtained. The effect of scan rate on the oxidation of norepinephrine was examined and it was found that
the anodic peak current was proportional to the concentration of norepinephrine in the range from 0.10 mM to 4 mM.
Compared with other reported electrochemical method, this new sensing method has higher sensitivity, rapid response
and extreme simplicity. TOABMCPE was then used for the simultaneous determination of norepinephrine, ascorbic acid
(AA) and serotonin (5-HT). The analytical performance of this biosensor has been evaluated for the detection of
norepinephrine in injection sample.
Keywords: Electrochemical, detection, noradrenaline, ammonium, bromide, modified, carbon, paste electrode.
To Evaluate the Applicability of Agricultural By – Product for the Removal of
Chromium from Wastewater
Choudhari Deepika1, Phadnis Anjani1, Nargawe Tarachand2 and Dubey Arti3
1Department
of chemical sciences, Maharaja Ranjit Singh College, Indore, M.P., INDIA
of chemical Sciences, Govt. P. G. College, Dhar, M.P., INDIA
3Department of chemical Science, Bhaskar Waman Thakur College of Science, Mumbai, Maharashtra, INDIA
2Department
Abstract: Presence of heavy metals like chromium in the wastewater has become serious problem. Excessive amount of
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chromium in water can cause various health problems like damage to liver, kidney, circulatory and nerve tissues at level
above the maximum contamination level. This study aimed at investigating the Chromium removal efficiencies by using
agricultural by product, with the aim of achieving the water quality level needed for reuse and recycling. Adsorption by
agricultural by product is one of the effective method for the removal of chromium. Low cost adsorbent like cajanus
cajan husk, saw dust, rice husk, corn cob powder were used to remove chromium from wastewater. As a result, there has
been a great deal of attention gives to these technologies for the removal of chromium from wastewater. High adsorption
capacity of the tested adsorbents makes it preferable and very attractive alternative adsorption material.
Keywords: Heavy metals, agricultural by – product, removal efficiencies, adsorption.
Synthesis, characterization and Pharmacological studies of gold Nanoparticles
and ecofriendly reduction of 4-Nitrophenol
N. Muniyappan1,2 and N.S. Nagarajan1
1Department
of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute - Deemed University, Gandhigram - 624 302, Tamilnadu, INDIA
2Department of chemistry, Saraswathi Narayanan College, Madurai-625 022, Tamil nadu, INDIA
Abstract: Gold nanoparticles are utilized in drugs because of their pharmacological and biomedical applications and
also due to their eco-friendly properties. In the present study stable gold nanoparticles have been synthesized by using
aqueous extract of Dalbergia coromandeliana leaves used both as a reducing as well as a stabilizing agent. The gold
nanoparticles synthesized by ultrasonication at 250C for 15 min were found to be stable in aqueous solution at room
temperature over a period of five months. The quantitatively stable gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) formed by treating
aqueous solution of HAuCl4 with the aqueous extract of the plant by reduction of Au3+ ions when monitored by UV –
Visible spectroscopic study revealed the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) at 535 nm. The shape and size of the
nanoparticles were analysed by Transmission Electron Micrography (TEM). When evaluated for their anti-inflammatory
and antioxidant activity by in-vitro methods, AuNPs showed considerably enhanced activity, when compared to the
aqueous extract of the plant at the test doses. The study involves green chemistry approach using a plant extract material
for the generation of stable gold nanoparticles with high catalytic activity in the reduction of 4-Nitrophenol.
Keywords: Gold nanoparticles, Dalbergia coromandeliana, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, catalytic activity.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Monocrotophos using UV/TiO2 Nanoparticles
Augustine Amalraj and Anitha Pius*
Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute - Deemed University, Gandhigram – 624302, INDIA
Abstract: The presence of pesticide contaminants in surface and ground water has increased many folds in recent years
due to their significant and large scale use in demanding agriculture field. Organophosphorus pesticides (OP) represent
the most applied group of insecticides for the last two decades. Monocrotophos (MCP) is most popular and broadly used
OP owing to its low cost and high efficiency in controlling pests mainly on cotton crop, rice and sugarcane, and active
against large variety of insects in India. World Health Organization (WHO) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
classified MCP in class I – highly toxic compound. As its large scale use leads to greater contamination of water bodies,
methods for its removal is being widely studied. Photocatalytic degradation has been proved to be a promising method
for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with pesticides. Titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TiO2) is one of the most
preferable materials as a photocatalyst due to its non-toxicity, insolubility, stability, high photoactivity and inexpensive
nature. It has been proven to be very effective, since many aromatic compounds can be degraded successfully to safer
end products such as CO2, H2O, and mineral acids. TiO2 photocatalyst was prepared by the sol-gel method using titanium
(IV) butoxide as a TiO2 precursor. Characterization of TiO2 photocatalyst was carried out with SEM-EDX, XRD, and
FTIR analysis. The aim of this research is to study the photocatalytic degradation of MCP in the presence of TiO2. The
effect of important parameters such pH, catalyst loading, initial MCP concentration were examined as well as the kinetic
photochemical behaviour of MCP using titanium dioxide as photocatalyst was also explored.
Keywords: TiO2 nanoparticles, Photocatalytic degradation, Monocrotophos
Investigations on the influence of Reaction parameters on the Phenomenon of
oscillation of H2O2 concentration in AOPs
Jyothi K P, Suguna Yesodharan and Yesodharan E P*
School of Environmental studies Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682022, INDIA
Abstract: Earlier studies from our laboratory revealed that the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in water
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mediated by semiconductor oxides such as ZnO and TiO2yields H2O2 as an intermediate as well as final product. However
the concentration of H2O2 does not increase corresponding to the degradation indicating its concurrent consumption/
decomposition. Periodic analysis of the reaction samples drawn at different intervals shows that the concentration of
H2O2 present in the system at any point of time is not consistent and follows an erratic pattern with no predictability. This
has been attributed to the simultaneous formation and decomposition of H2O2 with either of the process dominating at
any point in time depending on the concentration and other reaction parameters. The phenomenon is observed in other
Advanced Oxidation Processes such as sonocatalysis and sonophotocatalysis also irrespective of the nature of the substrate
even though the concentration of H2O2 at which the formation or decomposition takes over is different. The net
concentrations of H2O2 in the system as well as the concentrations at which the crests and troughs of the oscillation curve
appear depend on a number of parameters such as catalyst dosage, concentration of substrate, pH of the medium, catalyst
particle size and distribution, dissolved oxygen, presence of different anions and cations etc. The oscillatory pattern, in
particular the frequency of crests and troughs is different for different substrates there by suggesting a major role for the
substrate structure as well as the substrate surface interaction in the process. The phenomenon under different AOPs is
compared and a possible mechanism for the photocatalytic oscillation of H2O2 concentration is discussed.
Keywords: Photocatalysis, Hydrogen peroxide, Oscillation, Semiconductor oxides.
Clarification of cane Juice by Mechanical Means
Om Kumari and Surabhi Singh
Department of Chemistry, K.K.P.G. College, Etawah, 206001, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA
Abstract: It has been observed on the basis of practical and theoretical approaches that in case of cane juice clarification
the mechanical means have an edge over chemical process for its better control without affecting the system. However
these approaches need detailed studied. The proposed alternative for this purpose is the centrifugation of cane juice in
which the past work lacks the systematic approach and improvement as compared to that in the case of centrifugation of
massecuite. In the present paper a critical analysis of the cane juice centrifugation as carried out by different types of
centrifuges and in particular the disc and counter current type was studied. By way of its analysis the emphasis has been
given for use of co-current type continuous centrifugation of cane juice.
Keywords: Clarification, cane juice, sugar, technology, electrolytes
Optimization of process Parameters for Extraction and isolation of
Squalene from Amaranthus Seeds
Nidhi Mishra and Madhu Bajpai
Dept. of Chemical Technology, HBTI, Kanpur, INDIA
Abstract: An amaranth seed has been suggested as an alternative to deep-sea shark animals as a natural source of
squalene. Oil contents, squalene contents, and fatty acid profiles were determined in amaranth species. Although the oil
contents of grain amaranth were low as compared to other oil-containing grains, high concentrations of squalene were
found in total lipids. The major fatty acids in amaranthus oil consisted of palmitic acid (30.17%), oleic acid (33.70%),
and linoleic acid (20.62%). A high degree of unsaturation was observed in amaranthus oils, with S/U ratios of 0.26-0.32.
A method to isolate and purify the squalene from Amaranthus oil was developed. After the saponification of amaranthus
genotype, the squalene content increased from 5.16% in the crude oil to 40.86% in the unsaponifiables by the removal of
the saponifiables. The unsaponifiables were fractionated by Flash chromatography to get highly purified squalene. In
place of column chromatography we used Flash chromatography to reduce the extraction time and increase the yield.
The squalene purity in certain fractions was as high as 98%. Combining the fractions rich in squalene gave a 94%
squalene concentrate, with a yield of 90%. In place of TLC, HPTLC was used to identify the component in the fractions
based on their relative mobility value (Rf). The Rf value of squalene was 0.50. The quantification of squalene in the
purified sample was confirmed by HPLC with a standard and from GCMS.
Keywords: Amaranthus, squalene, oil contents, fatty acid, HPTLC, HPLC, GCMS.
Carbon Nanosorbents for Chiral Recognition Based on Molecular Imprinting
Technology
Sajini T. and Beena Mathew
School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, INDIA
Abstract: Analytical and preparative-scale chiral separation techniques are important requirements in many fields of
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contemporary research, including drug development, the food and agrochemical industries, enzyme engineering, and the
material sciences. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have the ability to specifically distinguish and separate a
particular molecule from other molecules of similar structures. The imprinting of molecular recognition sites at
nanostructures has greatly improved the removal of templates, the binding capacities and kinetics of molecular recognition.
Here a novel chiral sorbent for D-mandelic acid (D-MA) has been fabricated on vinyl functionalized multiwalled carbon
nanotube (MWCNT) by molecular imprinting technology. D-MA is a significant chiral analogue of amino acids in the
pharmaceutical synthetic industry which is employed for the treatment of urinary tract infections. MIPs were formed
using D-MA as a template molecule on the surface of the vinyl functionalized MWCNT with 4-vinyl pyridine (functional
monomer) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (crosslinking agent) with a thermal polymerization technique. To get an
insight into the role of MWCNTs on chiral recognition, D-MA imprinted and non-imprinted polymer without MWCNTs
were also prepared. FT-IR, XRD, TEM, and TGA were used to characterize the composite structure, morphology and to
determine the grafted MIPs quantities in the composite. Properties like adsorption dynamics, specific binding and selective
recognition capacity were evaluated. HPLC analysis was performed to the separation of diastereoisomers of mandelic
acid. The resulting MWCNT-MIP demonstrated good separation, favourable selectivity, good stability and a higher
adsorption capacity for the template molecule compared to products created by bulk polymerization.
Keywords: Molecular imprinting, multiwalled carbon nanotube, chiral recognition, selectivity, separation.
Synergistic effect of Thiomalic acid and Zinc ions in corrosion control of
Carbon Steel in Aqueous Solution
M. Prabakaran, S. Ramesh* and V. Periasamy
Dept. of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute, Deemed University, Gandhigram-624302, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: The use of inhibitors is one of the most economical and practical methods of protecting materials against
deterioration due to corrosion. The iron/electrolyte interphase has been studied in the presence of dicarboxylic acid
inhibitor with or without bivalent cation like zinc ions. A protective film has been developed on the surface of carbon
steel in low chloride aqueous environment using a synergistic mixture of an environmentally friendly dicarboxylic acid
(thiomailc acid) and zinc ions. The corrosion inhibition effect of thiomalic acid with zinc ions on carbon steel has been
investigated by gravimetric studies and electrochemical techniques. Potentiodynamic polarization studies indicate that
the inhibitor system is a mixed inhibitor. Impedance studies show that a protective film is formed on the metal surface in
the presence of the inhibitor formulation. Surface analytical techniques, viz., Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
(FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Engery dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) were used to investigate the
nature of protective film formed on the metal surface. A plausible mechanism of corrosion inhibition is proposed.
Keywords: Carbon steel, corrosion, thiomalic acid, zinc ions.
Synergism between Anticancer drugs to bovine serum Albumin:
A Spectroscopic Investigation
Jeena Abraham, Beena Mathew*
School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam-686 560, Kerala, INDIA
Abstract: The bindings of anticancer drugs (i) 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), (ii) Azacitidine (AZ) and (iii) Cytarabine (CY)
(pyramidine analogues) have powerful ability to quench the fluorescence of bovine serum albumin (BSA). The fluorescence
quenching action is much stronger when the three drugs coexist. The synergism between 5-FU, AZ and CY was studied
using fluorescence and ultraviolet spectroscopic techniques under imitated physiological conditions. A Fourier transform
infrared spectroscopic (FT-IR) studies of drug- BSA interaction were also investigated.The results show that static
quenching and non-radiation energy transfer are the main reasons for the fluorescence quenching. The synergism results
in both the reduction of the binding stability between drugs and BSA and an increase of the free drug concentration,
which will increase the efficacy of drugs. The binding distances (r) between the drugs and BSA were obtained based on
Försters theory of non-radiation energy transfer. The results indicated that the effect of synergism affected the conformation
of BSA.
Keywords: BSA, Anticancer drugs, Spectroscopic investigation, FRET.
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Transport studies of Hydrogels based on Natural rubber and
Polyethylene oxide in cationic dye solutions
Prema Sukumar and M.R. Gopinathan Nair*
School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills, Kottayam, 686560, Kerala, INDIA
Abstract: Block copolymers (BCs) of varying compositions were prepared from hydroxyl terminated liquid natural
rubber (HTNR) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) of various molecular weight.. The hydrophilic PEO enables these BCs to
swell in water and in aqueous cationic dyes, viz., malachite green (MG), crystal violet (CV), safranineT (ST), methylene
blue (MB) and bromocresol green (BCG). The diffusion and permeation coefficients of BCs increases with the PEO
content. The swelling studies also point to the fact that the order of interaction of the dyes with the BCs is MG > CV > ST
> MB > BCG. The diffusional exponent value is Fickian in water and in dye solution for BC-1 and for the rest of the BCs
it is anomalous type. Hence it is inferred that the rate of chain relaxation is greater than the rate of diffusion in BC-1
during swelling whereas in the others, rate of polymer chain relaxation and diffusion are similar. Sorption kinetic studies
reveal that dye absorption follows first order kinetics.
Keywords: Natural rubber, polyethylene oxide, block copolymers, hydrogels, cationic dyes.
Chelating exchanger for removal of Calcium (II) and Magnesium (II) Ions
Mrudula M S and M R Gopinathan Nair
School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala -686560, INDIA
Abstract: Chelating exchangers are, in general, coordinating copolymers containing one or more electron donor atoms
such as N, S, O, and P that can form coordinate bonds with metals. Hydrogels are water- swollen network of hydrophilic
homopolymer or copolymers. They acquire a great interest due to the facility of the incorporation of different chelating
groups into the polymeric networks. Such polymeric hydrogels are promising materials in the field of hydrometallurgical
applications and water purification due to their chemical stability. In the current study, the NR/PEO block copolymeric
hydrogel with chelating exchanger, the electron donor oxygen atoms of PEO, were prepared by two shot method and
characterized by FT-IR spectroscopic analysis. These hydrogels were used as chelating agents for removal of Ca2+ and
Mg2+ions under noncompetitive condition by depending on initial metal ion concentration. Their adsorption isotherms
were also investigated. Here from the linear regression coefficient it is found that Freundlich equation was best fit for
both the metal ions and the 1/n value is approximately equal to 1 indicating linear adsorption leading to identical adsorption
energies for all sites. The adsorption capacity of block copolymer increases with metal ion concentration and this trend
is shown by calcium and magnesium.
Keywords: Hydrogel, NR/PEO, Metal ion adsorption, Chelating exchanger, Calcium ion.
Corrosion Inhibition Effect of Calcium Nitrate and Amines on
Reinforced Cement Concrete
S. Ramesh* and A. Muneeswaran
Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute-Deemed University, Gandhigram-624302, Tamilnadu, INDIA
Abstract: Corrosion inhibitors are chemical compounds admixed with cement concrete to inhibit the corrosion of
reinforcing steels without altering the workable properties of concrete viz compressive strength, setting time, soundness
of cement etc,. This paper presents the corrosion inhibiting effect of Calcium Nitrate, Diethylamine, and Hexamine as
corrosion inhibitors. The effect of above inhibitors tested in OPC 43 Grade cement (Chettinad cement) for their physical
properties viz consistency test on cement, setting time characteristics. The TMT (Kiscol TMT rod) Fe-500 rod is tested
for its chemical composition with reference to BIS specification No 1786-2008 and corrosion behaviour from weight
loss measurements. The TMT rod embedded in Design Mix M 25 concrete with various concentrations of inhibitors
were studied for their compressive strength and electrochemical study of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
(EIS) and Potentiodynamic Polarization. The inhibitors admixed powder extracts of concrete were studied for FTIR
Spectroscopy. Surface Morphology of inhibited TMT rod investigated for SEM and corresponding EDAX analysis were
also reported.
Keywords: Corrosion, inhibition, effect, calcium, nitrate, amines, reinforced, cement, concrete.
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Efficient Synthesis of Biologically Active Heterocycles of Pyridocoumarin
Derivatives
Medhane V. J.* and Jadhav G.R.
Department of Chemistry, K.R.T. Arts, B.H. Commerce and A.M. Science College, Nashik – 422002, INDIA
Abstract: 1,3,4-Thiadiazole is privileged system in the medicinal chemistry has prompted the advances on the therapeutic
potential of this system. In order to get an idea we have pointed out some examples of 1,3,4-thiadiazole containing drug
substances in the current literature. We have to find out the medicinal importance of these kinds of heterocycles when we
have a parent moiety such as Pyridocoumarin. Natural Coumarins known to have Antidiabetic activity the potent antibiotic
like Novobiocin, Coumaromycin and Chartesium are Coumarin derivatives. Many Coumarin derivatives are applied as
anticoagulant antiviral, antitumor and anti-HIV activity. During recent years there has intense investigation of different
classes of Thiadiazole compounds, many of which known to possess interesting biological properties such as Antimicrobial,
Antituberculosis, Anti-inflammatory, Anticonvulsant, Antihypertensive, Antioxidant, Anticancer
Keywords: Coumarin, thiadiazole, triazole.
Pharmacological Evaluation of Transition Metal (II) Complexes Derived from
2-Aminophenol
E. Akila, M. Usharani, R. Ashokan and R. Rajavel*
Department of Chemistry, Periyar University, Salem-11, Tamilnadu, INDIA
Abstract: A novel bioactive Cu(II), complexes have been synthesized with newly synthesized Schiff base derived from
2- aminophenol, glyoxal/ Diacetyl and 4-choloroaniline. The elemental analyses of the complexes are confined to the
stoichiometry of the type M1L2[M = Cu(II)] respectively, where L is Schiff base ligand. Structures have been proposed
from elemental analyses, IR, electronic, 1H NMR, ESR spectral data and magnetic studies. The measured low molar
conductance values in DMF indicate that the complexes are non-electrolytes. Spectroscopic studies suggest coordination
occurs through azomethine nitrogen and oxygen of the ligand with the metal ions and the metal complexes shows octahedral
geometry. The antioxidative activity of the ligand and its complexes demonstrates that, compared to the ligand, the
complexes exhibit higher scavenging activity. The Schiff base and its complexes have been screened for their antibacterial
(Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsilla pneumonia, and Bacillus subtilis).
Keywords: Antioxidative activity, antibacterial, biological evaluation, spectroscopic.
Molecular Imprinted membranes as Synthetic receptors for the analysis of
Progesterone in human Urine
Anju Augustine and Beena Mathew
School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam 686560, INDIA
Abstract: Molecular imprinting has become an effective way to prepare polymer materials that shows a “memory
effect” toward their templates. Compared to other recognition systems, molecular imprinted polymers possess many
promising characteristics, such as low cost and easy synthesis, high stability to harsh chemical and physical conditions,
and excellent reusability. The molecular imprinting technique, first proposed by Wulff in 1972, is one of promising and
facile methods to impart molecular recognition sites in synthetic polymers. To extract synthetic corticosteroids from
biological samples using the molecular imprinting approach efficiently, an imprinted polymer should be able to selectively
recognize the main analytical target by making use of several non-covalent interactions. The preparation of membranes
using imprinted polymers opened a new way in the field of separation. For the preparation of molecular imprinted
membranes, the co-polymer contains acrylonitrile and the co-monomers (acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA), methacrylic
acid (MAA)) in the ratio 95:5 and 97.5:2.5 were used with AIBN as initiator. For imprinting, progesterone (PGN) was
added to the casting solution. The membranes were cast onto a glass plates. After casting, the membrane forming solutions
were immersed in water coagulation bath. In the case of imprinted membranes, the progesterone was washed out using
methanol-acetic acid solution and complete removal of progesterone was confirmed. NIP membranes were also prepared
as described earlier excluding progesterone. Imprinted and non imprinted polymers were characterized using SEM,
XRD and FT-IR. Porous natures of the membrane were detected in SEM image. XRD reveals that the multicrystallanity
of the membranes. Effect of concentration, time, mass and selectivity were done. Kinetics fits to second order. As the
concentration of the template solution and mass of the polymer increases, binding of the target increases. The efficiency
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in specific rebinding followed the order: poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylamide) > poly(acrylonitrile- co- methacrylic acid) >
poly(acrylonitrile- co- acrylic acid). The separation analysis of the selected template in human urine was also successfully
studied and this can be used as an important alternate for the separation of the steroid hormones.
Keywords: Molecular imprinting, membranes, progesterone, urine analysis.
Tailoring of Sorbents for the selective Rcognition of Tyramine based on
Molecular Imprinting Approach on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes
Rohini Ashok and Beena Mathew*
School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, INDIA
Abstract: Molecular imprinting is a technique which creates molecular recognition sites that are chemically and sterically
complementary to the predetermined target molecules in a synthetic polymer. Multiwalled carbon nanotube based
molecularly imprinted polymers (MWCNT-MIP) using tyramine , a biogenic amine as the template molecule were
synthesized by the selective polymerisation of methacrylic acid (functional monomer) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate
(cross linker). Vinyl functionalized MWCNTs were used as a coupling backbone for the polymerization of MIP layer and
the crosslinker and monomer would couple with the C=C bond on the surface of MWCNTs. Blank polymers (MWNTsNIPs) were also prepared by the same procedure, without using the template molecule. To get an insight into the role of
MWCNTs tyramine imprinted and non-imprinted polymers without using MWCNTs were also prepared. Synthesized
MWCNT-MIPs were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction technique and scanning electron microscopy.
FT-IR, UV-Vis. spectroscopic analysis were performed to characterize the complexes formed between functional monomers
and template molecule in the solution prior to polymerization. Properties such as adsorption dynamics, special binding
and selective recognition capacity were evaluated. Selectivity study was done using dopamine as the structure related
compound and confirmed that synthesized MWCNTs-MIPs have a good selectivity for recognition of tyramine.
Keywords: Molecular imprinting, MWCNT, tyramine, molecular recognition, selectivity.
Efficient Synthesis of fluorescent Tetra Macrocycles appended Zero Generation
Dendrimer and its Zinc(II) Complex
V. Pushpanathan and D. Suresh Kumar
Department of Chemistry, Loyola College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: Dendrimers are nanosized, three-dimensionalsynthetic macromolecules with a tree-likewell-defined branched
structure.Over the past few decades, several syntheticstrategies were developed to generate multiple dendrimersfamilies
with versatile chemical compositions.Here we designed a novel type of Macrocycles appended Dendrimer for a variety
of applications in chemistry, biology, and medicine. The synthesis of zero generation dendrimer appended with four
compartmental macrocycles is synthesized by stepwise method. The dendrimer ligand is characterized by IR, UV and 1H
and 13C NMR spectroscopies. The zinc(II) complex of Dendrimer is prepared by direct complexation method. The metal
ion estimation of complex supports the formation of octanuclear metal ion complex. The complex is characterized by IR,
UV-Visible spectroscopy. Molar conductance measurement taken in DMSO is reasonably very high which may be due to
greater electrolytic nature of the complex. The luminescence emission of the ligand is observed at 680 nm and the
intensity of emission is enhanced on dilution. The luminescence emission of the zinc(II) complex is also observed at 680
nm. This shows the emission is ligand centered. The enhancement of emission intensity of complex is also greater on
dilution.
Keywords: Dendrimer, Macrocycles, Zinc(II) complex, Luminescence, macromolecules.
Syntheses, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Screening of N-(benzothiazol-2yl)-2-nitrobenzenesulphonamide and its Cu(I), Ni(II), Mn(II), Co(II) and Zn(II)
Complexes
*Obasi
N.L.1, Okoye C.O.B.2, Ukoha P.O. 2 and Anaga A.O.3
1Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, INDIA
of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, NIGERIA
3Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, NIGERIA
2Department
Abstract: N-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-2-nitrobenzenesulphonamide (NBS2ABT) was synthesized by the condensation of 2122
aminobenzothiazole and 2-nitrobenzenesulphonylchloride under reflux. The resulting crude precipitates were recrystallized
from absolute ethanol. Five metal complexes of copper(I), nickel(II), manganese(II), cobalt(II) and zinc(II) of the ligands
were synthesized. The compounds were characterized using magnetic susceptibility measurements, mass spectrometry,
elemental microanalysis, UV/VIS spectrophotometry, infra red, proton and 13C nmr spectroscopies. The antimicrobial
tests of the ligands and its metal complexes were carried out on both multi-resistant bacterial strains isolated under
clinical conditions and cultured species using agar-well diffusion method. The multi-resistant bacterial strains used were
Escherichia coli, Proteus species, Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Staphylococcus aureus which were isolated from dogs.
The culture species were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Escherichia Coli (ATCC 25922) Staphylococcus
aureus (ATCC 25923), and the fungi, Candida krusei (ATCC 6258) and Candida albicans (ATCC 90028). The tests
were both in vitro and in vivo. The antimicrobial activities of the compounds were compared with those of Ciprofloxacin
and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole as antibacterial agents and Fluconazole as an antifungal drug. All the compounds
showed varying activities against the cultured typed bacteria and fungi used. However, they were less active than the
standard drugs used except Fluconazole which did not show any activity against Candida krusei (ATCC 6258). The
Lethal Concentration (LC50) ranged from 5.00±0.86-618.90±30.8 ppm. These are within the permissible concentrations.
Keywords: Syntheses, Characterization, Antimicrobial, Screening.
Electrochemical Selective anodic Oxidation of Standarad P-Methyl benzyl
alcohol using Chloride mediated Biphasic System
A. John Bosco*, S. Lawrence, C. Christopher and M. Easu Raja
*Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph’s College, Tiruchirapalli - 620002, INDIA
Abstract: Selective catalytic oxidation of alcohols to corresponding aldehydes or acids is of great importance for both
laboratory and synthetic industrial applications. Traditionally electrochemical oxidation is carried out using transition
metal compounds such as chromium (VI) oxide, permanganates, ruthenium (VIII) oxide and dichromates have been
employed to accomplish these transformations. Benzylic and allylic alcohols are selectively oxidized to aldehydes under
the conditions at the hydroxide nickel anode in the two-phase system K2CO3 (aq) petroleum ether. Herein we developed
a novel biphasic electrolysis method for the of 4-methylbenzyl alcohol using in-situ generated hypochlorous reactive
species to the corresponding 4-methylbenzaldehyde.The objectives of the present investigation to study the indirect
electrochemical selective oxidation of 4-methylbenzyl alcohol by biphasic electrolysis to get optimum operation conditions
and to obtain reliable data on yields and selectivity of the corresponding parameters. The maximum yield of 96% pmethylbenzaldehyde production at room temperature was achieved.
Keywords: Electrochemical, anodic, oxidation, substituted, benzyl alcohol, chloride mediated, biphasic, system.
Investigation on Natural Radio activity in Water under hard rock quarry
Systems of Northern Kerala, India
Sabu P.G.1 and G. Indiradevi2
1Department
2Department
of Physics, M.A.M.O College, Mukkam, INDIA
of Chemistry, Zamorin’n Guruvayurappan College, Calicut, INDIA
Abstract: Low levels of uranium, thorium, and their decay products are found in the soil, water, and vegetation. The safe
level of uranium in drinking water needs to be carefully fixed so as not to endanger the health of the people. So a study
of Uranium content in water places an important role in the water pollution studies. In this work emphasis is given to the
detection and estimation of Uranium level in hard rock water systems. For this study, water from eighteen different types
of hard rock quarry water samples of Kozhikode district, Kerala state were collected and analyzed. Together with this
uranium study, the physical and chemical parameters were also studied. It was found that Uranium content is in the
highest level at working quarries, where the others are having normal levels of uranium. The analysis of these samples
shows that the PH of different samples varies from 5.9 to 7.3. The high Uranium content detected in samples with high PH
values. The conductivity and salinity are found to be maximum in most of the samples. The Uranium content is higher at
fresh water part of the quarry.
Keywords: Hard rock, quarry, water pollution, radio activity.
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Kinetic and Mechanistic studies of nitrite ion catalysed oxidatiive
Decolorization of Indigocarmine dye by Chloramine-t in Acidic Buffer
(pH= 5.8) Medium
Chandrashekar1, R.T. Radhika2, B.M.Venkatesha3 and S. Ananda4
1Department
of Chemistry, PES College of Engineering Mandya-571401, Karnataka, INDIA
of Chemistry Maharani’s Science College for Women, Mysore, INDIA
3Department of Chemistry, Yuvaraja´s College, University of Mysore, Mysore-570005, INDIA
4Department of Studies in Chemistry, Manasagangothri, University of Mysore, Mysore-570006, INDIA
2Department
Abstract: Decolorization of indigocarmine dye [IC] by oxidation process using chloramine-T [CAT] as oxidant and
Nitrite ion as catalyst in acidic buffer media, pH 5.8 has been kinetically studied at 300K spectrophotometrically at
ë max= 610 nm. Decolorization and oxidation led to a decrease in chemical oxygen demand of the dye. The reaction
shows first order dependence of the rate on indigocaramine and nitrite ion concentrations. It shows second order dependence
on [CAT]. It also shows an inverse first order on p-toluenesulphonamide concentration [PTS] and inverse fractional
order on [H+]. Addition of halide ions and variation of ionic strength do not have any significant effect on the reaction
rate. There is positive effect of dielectric constant of the solvent. The values of catalytic constant were calculated at
different temperatures. The proposed general mechanism and the derived rate law are consistent with observed kinetics.
Keywords: Oxidation, kinetics, indigocarmine, chloramine-T, Nitrite ion Catalysis.
Synthesis and Antifungal studies of Cu (II) Complexes of (2-carboxyphenyl)Pyridine-2-ylethyleneamine and 4 - Nitro-(2-carboxyphenyl)-pyridine-2-yl
ethylene amine
Smita S. Giri1, Prashant D. Kulkarni1, Shrimant V. Rathod2 and Sandip Maind2
1Gopal
Krishna Gokhale, College, Kolhapur - 416012, INDIA
Somani College, Girgaon Chawpati, INDIA
2Hazarimal
Abstract: (2-carboxyphenyl)-Pyridine-2-yl ethylene amine and 4 – Nitro - (2-carboxyphenyl)-pyridine-2-yl ethylene
amine was synthesized.Cu+2Complexes of this ligand were prepared by mixing second ligand 1, 10-phenanthroline. Cu+2
complexes were synthesized using chloride salt with a metal:ligand ratio of 1:1. Distorted octahedron structures were
elucidated on the basis of elemental analyses, IR, electronic spectra, magnetic susceptibility measurements, molar
conductivity. Microbial activity of metal complexes was higher active than ligands.
Keywords: Schiff bases, copper complexes, spectral studies, magnetic moment, antibacterial and anti-fungal activity.
Spectroscopic Characterization and Biological Evaluation studies of
Mixed ligand schiff base with Metal (II) Complexes Derived from
O-Phenylenediamine
R. Ashokan, E. Akila and R. Rajavel*
Department of Chemistry, Periyar University, Salem-11, Tamilnadu, INDIA
Abstract: In the present study a novel Schiff base mixed ligand chelates of Cu(II) and Ni(II),complexes with two newly
synthesized Schiff base mixed ligands derived from 2,4- dihydroxybenzaldehyde and o-phenylenediamine (H2L1),
anisaldehyde and o-phenylenediamine (H2L2). The ligands and their transition metal complexes were characterized on
the basis of various physico-chemical methods including elemental analysis, molar conductance, infrared, electronic
spectra, EPR and magnetic. The mixed ligand complexes are formed in the 1:1:1 (L1:L2:M) ratio as found from the
elemental analyses and found to have the formulae [ML1L2] where M= Cu(II) and Ni(II). The molar conductance data
reveal that the chelates are non-electrolytes. The IR spectral data suggest the involvement of azomethine nitrogen in coordination to the central metal ion. The electronic spectral results indicate that all the complexes have octahedral geometry.
The ligands and their metal chelates have been screened for their antibacterial activities and the findings have been
reported, explained and compared with known antibiotics.
Keywords: Schiff base mixed ligand, o-phenylenediamine, antibacterial, activities.
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Enantio-selective Molecularly Imprinted Sorbents Based on Nanostructures for
the Detection of N-protected Aminoacids
Sooraj M.P.* and Beena Mathew
School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, INDIA
Abstract: The introduction of nanomaterials is the principal cause of the new-found resurgence of interest in molecular
imprinted polymers. Conventional methods of MIP preparation suffered major drawbacks like poor extraction and rebinding
capacity. The incorporation of nanostructures with high surface-to-volume ratio dramatically changed the situation.
MIPs grafted with nanostructures possess most of the imprinted sites on their surface thereby rectifying much of the
demerits of conventional MIPs. Herein we report the synthesis of vinyl functionalised multi-walled carbon nanotubes
(MWCNTs) onto which the MIPs were then chemically wrapped. The polymerization was done using HEMA as functional
monomer, Boc-L-Phe-OH as template, EGDMA as cross-linker and AIBN as initiator. All the products and intermediates
were characterised using FT-IR spectroscopy, SEM, TG and PXRD studies. The adsorption isotherm studies done reveals
enhanced properties of MWCNT-MIPs. To obtain maximum rebinding, the various physical parameters like concentration
of the template, mass of MWCNT-MIP, time of rebinding etc. were optimised. From our work we concluded that the
MIPs wrapped around the nanotubes show much higher selectivity and specificity toward the imprinted L-enantiomer
than its D-enantiomer when compared to MIPs without carbon nanotubes. Further works to improve the efficiency of the
system for effective enantioseparation is being meted out.
Keywords: Enantioselective, multi walled carbon nanotube, molecularly imprinted polymer, selectivity.
Synthesis, Characterization and Anti-bacterial activity of Novel Mononuclear
Hexaazamacrocyclic Nickel(II) Complexes with Pendant Groups
Archana S. Nair and P.K. Radhakrishnan
School of Chemical Sciences, M.G.University, Kottayam, Kerala, INDIA
Abstract: The 14-membered hexaazamacrocyclic nickel(II) complexes have been prepared via the one-pot metal ion
templated condensation reaction of ethylene diamine, formaldehyde and the respective amine. The macrocycle acts as a
neutral tetradentate ligand with N4 coordination. Both the perchlorate ions remain as counter ions. The consumption of
reagents and completion of reaction have been monitored by TLC. The complexes have been characterized by elemental
analysis, molar conductance in non-aqueous solvents as well as IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The complexes have been
assayed for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against E.coli (gram –ve) as well as S.aureus (gram +ve) microorganisms.
The anti-bacteriogram indicates higher activity for the macrocycle with antipyrine pendant group.
Keywords: Hexaazamacrocycle, template, ligand, tetradentate, anti-microbial.
Microbial Calcite Precipitation:
An Experimental Comparison using Isolated Bacterial Strain and Yeast Strain
Bharathi N and Meyyappan RM
Deptment of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai nagar-608002, Tamilnadu, INDIA
Abstract: Bio-mineralization referred as biologically induced process in which an organism creates a local microenvironment with conditions that allow optimal extracellular chemical precipitation of mineral phases. A Stoichiometric
interaction occurs between positively charged calcium ions and the negatively charged bacterial cell wall during
precipitation. Number of work carried using bacterial strain on calcite precipitation, but a very few using yeast strain.
The present study investigates that the experimental comparison of isolated bacterial strain and isolated yeast strain on
calcite precipitation. Even though both strains have different environmental conditions, they have equal capacity to
precipitate calcium carbonate as final product. Strains were isolated on the basis of ureolytic activity as a primary
biochemical test. This is an attempt to prove that the isolated yeast strain can able to precipitate calcium carbonate as
bacterial strain. The microscopic observation and SEM analysis confirmed the crystal formation were typically irregular
shape.
Keywords: Yeast, urease test, microbial mineral precipitation, microscopic view, SEM images.
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Synthesis of water soluble Polyvinyl alcohol-based Terpolymer and Evaluation
of Corrosion inhibition propertyon Mild steel in Hydrochloric acid
R. Geethanjali and S.Subhashini
Department of chemistry, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, TN, INDIA
Abstract: A grafted terpolymer was synthesized using polyvinyl alcohol, vinyl sulphonic acid sodium salt and acrylic
acid, and the corrosion inhibition properties were studied for mild steel in hydrochloric acid. The polymerization was
monitored at different temperatures and time intervals for determining the optimum reaction conditions. The synthesis
was carried out in an aqueous medium containing 0.5:1:2 of monomer feed ratio comprising polyvinyl alcohol, acrylic
acid and vinyl sulphonic acid sodium salt respectively.Theterpolymer was characterized using FTIR.The effect of vinyl
sulphonic acid content in the terpolymer on the corrosion inhibition was also studied. The anticorrosive properties of the
synthesized terpolymer were evaluated by gravimetric method and electrochemical method at room temperature.
Keywords: PVA, terpolymer, mild steel, acid corrosion, polarization studies, impedance spectroscopy.
Synergistic Influence of Leucine on Polyvinyl alcohol in the Corrosion
inhibition of Mild Steel in molar Hydrochloric acid – Taguchi Method
Ali FathimaSabirneeza. A. and S. Subhashini
Department of Chemistry, Avinashilingam Institute for Home science and higher education for women, Coimbatore-43, INDIA
Abstract: In this paper, Taguchi method is applied to find the optimum conditions for the synergistic influence of Lleucine on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in the corrosion inhibition of mild steel. A L9 orthogonal array of experiments is
constructed and the resulted experimental inhibition efficiencies are for the signal to noise ratio and variance analysis
(ANOVA). The proposed Taguchi methodology consists of four factors viz., concentration of L-Leucine, concentration
of PVA, exposure time and temperature, at three different levels which are connectedsequence wise to achieve the
overall inhibition optimization. The experimental results performed with the selected factors and levels were further
processed with Qualitek-4 software at bigger is better as qualitycharacter to find the optimized conditions. The experimental
result at the optimized conditions are used to calculate the synergism parameter and is found be greater than one.
Keywords: Synergistic, influence, leucine, polyvinyl, alcohol, corrosion, inhibition.
A New Simple Ester Ionophore Based Calcium Ion Selective Electrode –
Preparation and its Analytical Application
A.Vijayalakshmi and J.Thamarai selvi
Dept. of Chemistry, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore- 641043,
Tamilnadu, INDIA
Abstract: A new simple efficient calcium ion selective electrode has been prepared using simple ester. A heterogeneous
precipitate have been used as ion carriers for the preparation of Ca (II) selective membrane sensor.The sensor exhibits a
near Nernstian response for Ca(II) ion over a concentration range of 1.0 x 10-4M to 1.0x10-1M. The proposed sensors
revealed relatively good selectively and high sensitivity for Ca(II)over a mono and divalent cations and anions . It can be
used within the pH range of 3.42 to 6.24. The effect of medium and the selectivity coefficient values were evaluated
using fixed interference method found to give a better response. It was also successfully used in the analysis of concentration
of calcium in various real samples.
Keywords: Simple, ester, ionophore, based, calcium, ion, selective, electrode.
Histidine as Synergistic Additive on Poly (N-Methyl Aniline) for Mild Steel
Corrosion in 0.5 M H2SO4
R.Menaka, M.Nandhini and S.Subhashini
Department of chemistry, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, TN, INDIA
Abstract: An inhibitor system composed of Poly(N-Methyl Aniline) [PNMANI] and histidine has been evaluated for its
synergistic corrosion inhibition performance for mild steel in 0.5M H2SO4. PNMANI was prepared by free radical
polymerisation using ammonium peroxodisulphate as initiator. 100ppm PNMANI exhibited 70% inhibition efficiency.
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In order to enhance the inhibitive action of PNMANI, histidine was added as a synergistic additive. The influence of
histidine on PNMANI has been evaluated by weight loss and electrochemical methods. As expected, the inhibition
efficiency gradually increased with increase in histidine concentration. The maximum inhibition efficiency of 89% was
achieved for the inhibitor system viz 100ppm of PNMANI-130ppm of histidine. The enhanced inhibition performance
of the inhibitor system has been proven thermodynamically.
Keywords: Poly (N-Methyl Aniline), histidine, synergism, mild steel.
Microbial Decolorization of Acid Blue 9 Using Isolated Yeast Strain from
Food Sample
Hemalatha B and Meyyappan RM,
Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai nagar-608002, Tamilnadu, INDIA
Abstract: The dye decolorizing isolate was isolated from coconut water as fermentation method. Different parameters
such as various carbon source, temperature, pH and inoculums size were optimized for de-colorization of Acid blue 9
using isolated yeast strain, which showed maximum dye de-colorization of 90% at the end of 4th day. All parameters
studied in this paper were found to be effective for isolated yeast strain. Strain was isolated by plate assay technique as
primary biochemical test. High de-colorization extent showed the potential for their isolated strain to be used in the
biological treatment of textile effluents.
Keywords: Yeast, Acid blue 9, plate assay, microscopic view.
Classical Mechanics a Moving Particle along a Straight Line or a Curved Line
Continuity of Track and Time Determination of Exact Position
Tapan K. Das Gupta
(Formerly) of the Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, District of Darjeeling, Bengal, INDIA
Abstract: Due to reasons of continuity of track and time, determination of exact position of the moving particle is
impossible, as a result of which error, delta x (“x) persists. Delta x is greater than zero and never zero. “x>0 and is never
zero. On the other hand, determination of momentum is always error-free. This is the sum and substance of Classical
Mechanics to start with.
Keywords: Classical, mechanics, particle along, straight line, curved line, continuity, track.
Studies on the use of Solar Energy for the Iron Industry Effluent
A. Pandia Rajan1, Velusamy1, Kousalya1, K. Kandasamy1, M.S. Dheenadhayalan1 and Ignatius Navis
Karthika2
1PG
and Research Department of Chemistry, GTN Arts College, Dindigul, INDIA
2P.S.N.A College of Engineering and Technology, Dindigul, INDIA
Abstract: Iron Industry is the largest number compared to other industries in Tamil Nadu. In spite of the continuous
efforts to prevent water pollution from these industries, solving of the high total dissolved solids (1000-2000 mg L-1) in
the effluent is not yet successfully done. India, being the tropical country, solar radiation is available in plenty during
most of the year, enables the industries to use the solar evaporation ponds as a simple and economical treatment system.
An experimental Iron Industry effluent evaporation tank made by natural black colored stone is developed. It showed
excellent results of evaporation utilizing solar energy. The usage of overall pond depth of 17.5 cm and an initial liquid
depth ranging from 5 cm to 15 cm depending upon the season with a salt removal period ranging from 5 to 6 days will
make the solar evaporation pond an effective system for the recovery of the dissolved salts. Data have been collected,
allowing us to know the mean evaporation to be expected in the region of Tamil Nadu, India. A solar wastewater treatment
system is proposed for Iron Industry from this, which leads to possible recycling of chemicals and water by using solar
evaporation. Calculation shows that the proposed system is quite competitive with conventional coagulation in the range
of small Iron Industry effluent treatment installations
Keywords: Effluent treatment, effluent, iron stuff, solar evaporation, zero liquid discharge.
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Synthesis and Characterization of Poly Acrylic Acid Modified with Dihydroxy
Benzene-Redox Polymer
V. Vetriselvi and R. Jaya Santhi R*
Department of Chemistry, Auxilium College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: Polyacrylic acid was functionalized with catechol, hydroquinone, catechol-hydroquinone, a homolytic
modification by an oxidative decarboxylation using ammonium persulphate as an oxidant. The chemically modified
PAA/Catechol, PAA/Hydroquinone and PAA/Catechol-Hydroquinone were characterized using UV and FT-IR. Thermal
analysis shows PAA/Catechol, and PAA-Hydroquinone are stable above 7000C and their Ea are lesser for PAA/
Hydroquinone with the highest percentage of substitution than the other two polymers. The kinetic parameters were
calculated from the TGA curves and the average molecular weight measured by viscometer was found to be around
1.1X106g/mol. From XRD studies the prepared polymers were found to be semi crystalline nature which is confirmed
from the SEM analysis. The morphology of the redox polymer was found to be rod and cage like microstructure. The
redox properties of the modified PAA with Catechol/Hydroquinone and modified PAA/Catechol-Hydroquinone were
estimated by potentiometric titration at two different temperatures like 20° and 400C. At higher temperature two stages
oxidation was observed which confirms the formation of semiquinone. From the CV studies, the potential difference was
calculated.
Keywords: Polyacrylic acid, catechol, hydroquinone, Redox polymer, mid potential.
Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Microwave Irradiation and
Investigation of their Catalytic activity
Siby Joseph and Beena Mathew
School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686 560, Kerala, INDIA
Abstract: In recent years, synthesis and characterization of metal nanoparticles is an active area of research because of
their unique physical and chemical properties compared to bulk metals. In particular, nano sized metallic silver is of
great importance due to its high performance and relatively low cost in catalysis and biomedical applications. Most of
the synthetic routes for the generation of nanoparticles involved the use of toxic chemicals. Recently, microwave assisted
synthesis of metal nanoparticles is getting more attention because of their eco-friendly nature and shorter reaction time.
In this work, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized in aqueous medium by a simple, efficient and economic
microwave assisted synthetic route using the biopolymer pectin as stabilizer and polyamine as reducing agent. The
synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-vis. spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Energy
dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The reduction
of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol by NaBH4 in aqueous medium was selected as a model reaction to investigate the
catalytic activity of AgNPs. The AgNP-pectin was found to exhibit very good catalytic activity and the reaction followed
pseudo-first order kinetics.
Keywords: Microwave, silver nanoparticle, pectin, 4-nitrophenol, catalysis.
Bioactive studies on Tabebuiarosea
Anupama N, Divya K and Madhumitha. G*
*Chemistry
Research Lab., Organic Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore,
Tamil Nadu-632014, INDIA
Abstract: More than half of the world’s population relies on the traditional medicine and major role of the traditional
medicine including the use of plant extract and their active constituents. Tabebuiarosea is a medium to large sized
deciduous tree belongs to the family Bigoniaceae.This present study outlined to probe the chemical composition of the
flower extract by qualitative phytochemical studies and in vitro Free radical scavenging activity of the extract of the
flower. The methanol extracts exhibits significant antioxidant and anthelmenthic activity.
Keywords: Tabebuiarosea, free radical scavenging, anthelmenthic.
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128
ISCA-ISC-2013-5CITS-01
Security in Wireless Network: Issues and Challenges
Sameer Gupta and Meenakshi Yadav
Department of Computer Engg., IILM College, Noida, UP, INDIA
Abstract: Wireless Network is an emerging technology that shows great promise for various futuristic applications for
mass public and military. This technology when combined with processing power and wireless communication makes it
the technology to be used in abundance. With the introduction of wireless communication security related issues also
arise. The intent of this paper is to analyze the security threats in wireless network.
Keywords: Security, wireless, network, issues, challenges.
The Conventional Entropy Quantifier and Modified Entropy Quantifiers for
Face Recognition
Abdullah Gubbi1 and Mohammad Fazle Azeem2
1Dept
of Electronics and communication, P.A. College of Engnineering, Mangalore, Karnataka, INDIA
2Electrical Engineering Dept., Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, INDIA
Abstract: This paper presents theoretically simple, yet computationally efficient approach for face recognition. There
are many transforms and entropy measures in face recognition. In this paper we propose to employ the entropy notion to
binary/edge image. We introduce Conventional Entropy Quantifier (CEQ) and also define Modified Entropy Quantifier
(MEQ) to measure the energy content in the images. The proposed entropy features possess the texture discriminative
property with low computational cost. The results of experiments performed on ORL, FERET databases using SVM
classifier and K nearest neighbour classifier.
Keywords: Face recognition, binary image, edges, classifier, entropy, conventional entropy quantifier, modified entropy
quantifiers.
Enhanced Image Steganography with Contrast-Limited Adaptive Histogram
Equalization
Jithesh K. and Thavavel V.
Department of Computer Applications, Karunya University, Coimbatore-641114, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: The available powerful steganalyzers can find out the presence of secret information in images with high
accuracy. Increasing the hiding capacity of cover images minimises the detection risk of stego images. In view of this, we
propose an enhanced image steganography scheme with contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization that has a
preprocessing stage called contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization before embedding. The goal of this proposed
scheme is increasing the undetectability of stego images. Due to the dependence of embedding capacity of images to
their content, we proposed an ensemble steganalyzer to estimate the embedding capacity of each cover image. Since the
content of cover image has less significance in steganography, in order to achieve more security, the steganographer can
select a cover image from a database to attain higher security and satisfactory embedding capacity. We present several
experiments that show the effectiveness of this steganography scheme in improving the security of stego images. The
experimental results demonstrate that considering a preprocessing stage can significantly improve the security.
Keywords: Steganalysis, steganography capacity, contrast limited histogram equalization (CLHE), ensemble methods.
An Innovative Approach of Data Mining Techniques in Streamflow Forecasting
Satanand Mishra1, J.P. Shukla2, C. Saravanan3, V.K. Dwivedi4 and K.K. Pathak5
1IT
and Water Resource Management Group, CSIR-Advanced Material Process andResearch Institute, Bhopal-462064, INDIA
Mgt. and Rural Technology Group CSIR-Advanced Material Process and Research Institute, Bhopal-462064, INDIA
3Computer Centre, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur-713209, INDIA
4Dept of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur-713209, INDIA
5Dept of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NITTTR, Bhopal- 462002, INDIA
2Water
Abstracts: Data mining is the process of discovering relevant information from large sets of data. Data mining uses
statistical, mathematical and artificial intelligence analysis to derive patterns and trends that exist in related data warehouses.
These patterns and trends can be collected and defined in the form of data mining model. Mining models can be applied
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to specific purpose like prediction of business, scientific and some other fields wherein having large amount of data.
Scientists are using this techniques in various field like pattern recognition, image processing cloud computing, networking
and also in bio informatics and medical sciences for discovering useful results. In this paper, based on data mining
techniques, we have analyzed hydrological daily discharge time series of the Panchratna station in the river Brahmaputra
under Brahmaputra and Barak Basin Organization in India. Here we have applied Clustering, Regression analysis and
Artificial Neural Network approach and trying to discover relevant discharge patterns in the form of models.
Kewwords: Clustering, agglomerative hierarchical clustering, data mining, runoff, hydrological time series, pattern
discovery, similarity search, artificial neural network.
Routing Algorithms in Networks
J. Sumitha
Dept. of Computer Science, St. Paul’s College of Arts and Science for Women, Coimbatore, INDIA
Abstract: Network is defined as a group of two or more computer systems which are linked with each other. It allows
computers to exchange data from each other along the data connections. Routing is a process of selecting path in a
network along which the packets are sending over the network traffic. There are many routing algorithms which are used
to determine the path, load, and distance over the network traffic. In this paper, a routing algorithm is taken as a tool for
making an analysis over the research work done in network algorithms. Routing algorithms are classified as adoptive
routing algorithms and non adoptive routing algorithms. An adoptive routing algorithm is an algorithm in which it can
changes their routing decisions to reflect changes in the topology and in the traffic. It is having a dynamic routing table
in which it sends data over the network. Distance vector routing algorithm, link state routing algorithm, distributed
routing algorithms are comes under the category of adoptive routing algorithms. The non adoptive routing algorithms are
the algorithms in which it follows a static routing table for the data to allow transmission over the network. These
algorithms do not base their routing decisions on measurements and estimates of the current traffic and topology. Shortest
path routing, flooding algorithms are comes under the category of non adoptive routing algorithms. In this paper, an
analysis is made over the routing algorithms such as between the adoptive routing algorithms and the non adoptive
routing algorithms. The results are favored to the adoptive routing algorithms in which the researchers can easily find the
best routing path in a traffic over the network since it adjusts to network when compared with non adoptive routing
algorithms. The researchers opt this because of the dynamic routing table. The results of the efficiency of the adoptive
routing algorithms are better when compared to the non adoptive routing algorithms. The results concluded in this paper
that the adoptive routing algorithms give best routing path when compared to the non adoptive routing algorithms in the
networks.
Keywords: Adoptive routing algorithm, dijkstra algorithm, flooding, non adoptive algorithm, shortest path routing.
An Efficient Medical Image Segmentation for Brain image Using Distance
Regularized Level Set Evolution and Localized Region Based Active Contour
Model
D. Napoleon, A. Shameena and R. Santhoshi
Department of Computer Science, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, INDIA
Abstract: Image segmentation is a main problem among image processing applications. It is to differentiate objects in
the image foreground from background and to choose specific features out of an image. There are different techniques
available for image segmentation. Apart from many techniques Active contour models are widely used in the image
segmentation due to their strength and consistency. Level set methods have been generally used in computer vision and
image processing. In level set formulations, the level set function normally develops irregularity during its progress; it
may cause errors and ultimately destroy the stability of the progress. In much medical image segmentation identification
of region of interest is too difficult and extracting the region of interest exactly is an important task and also not an easy
task. The approach to extract region of interest is only by applying image segmentation methods. This paper, focus on
extracting region of interest by segmentation based on Edge based Active Contour is an application of distance regularized
level set evolution and with Localized region based Active Contour Model. The integration of these two techniques
minimizes user interaction and speeds up the entire segmentation process. An experiment on images shows both
effectiveness and correctness of implemented model.
Keyword: Image segmentation, distance regularized level set evolution, edge-based, localized region, active contour,
medical image.
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Comparative study of e-learning and classical teaching methods in Computer
Applications
Wagh D.M.
Department of Computer Application, Hutatma Rajguru Mahavidyalaya, Rajgurunagar, University of Pune, INDIA
Abstract: From the beginning, in branch of Information Technology for teaching theory and practical work with various
streams of computer application and science classical teaching methods are used. The evolutionary trends in teaching
context are influences by various factors like organizational, socio-culture, intra and interpersonal factors. The present
study carried out effective influence of learning methods of computer application students. The interest of academic
profession depends upon the personal decisions made by teaching practitioners, e-learning adaptation and classical
teaching understanding.
Keywords: Information technology, e-learning, learning adaptations, computer application.
Operating Systems Techniques for Reducing Processor EnergyConsumption
M. Ranjani and S. Subhatra
Pavai Arts and Science College for Women, Anaipalayam, Namakkal (Dt), INDIA
Abstract: In this paper we describe different power management techniques aiming to reduce powerconsumption in
computer systems. A processor consumes far less energy runningtasks requiring a low supply voltage than it does executing
high-performance tasks. Effective voltage-scheduling techniques take advantage of this situation by using software to
dynamically vary supply voltages, thereby minimizing energyconsumption and accommodating timing constraints. In
the last decade, limiting computer energy consumption has become a pervasivegoal in computer design, largely due to
growing use of portable and embedded computers withlimited battery capacities. This work concerns ways to reduce
processor energy consumption,since the processor consumes much of a computer’s energy. First, we introduce our thesis
that operating systems should have a significant rolein processor energy management. The operating system knows what
threads and applicationsare running, and can predict their future requirements based on their past usage and theiruser
interaction. We motivate using software to control energy management decisions bydescribing how software has
traditionally been applied to this regime. Application performance on modern processors has become increasingly dictated
by the use ofon-chip structures, such as caches and look-aside buffers. The hierarchical (multi-leveled) designof processor
structures, the ubiquity of multicore processor architectures, as well as the increasingrelative cost of accessing memory
have all contributed to this condition. Operatingsystems should provide services and mechanisms for applications to
more efficiently utilize onchipprocessor structures. Application performance on modern processors has become
increasingly dictated by the use ofon-chip structures, such as caches and look-aside buffers. The hierarchical (multileveled) designof processor structures, the ubiquity of multicore processor architectures, as well as the increasingrelative
cost of accessing memory have all contributed to this condition. Our thesis is that operatingsystems should provide
services and mechanisms for applications to more efficiently utilize onchipprocessor structures. It demonstrates how the
operating system canimprove processor efficiency of applications through specific techniques.
Keyword: Operating systems, techniques, reducing, processor, energy, consumption.
Coding MFCC Features of Speech Signals Using Pattern Classification Method
S. Palanivel, B. Kirubagari and K.N. Boopalaraja
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, INDIA
Abstract: Speech coding is a process of representing a digitized speech signal using as few bits as possible, maintaining
the quality and its intelligibility at the same time. In ubiquitous environments, analysis and encryption of speech plays a
critical role in various acoustic-based coding systems. AANN is a special kind of back propagation neural network
(BPNN) that can be used to capture the distribution of feature vectors in the feature space. This work aims to contribute
towards building an efficient coding system that can recognize the utterance of speech efficiently and enhance its
vocalizations. In this paper, a new speech coding technique is proposed for increasing the quality of the speech. Features
are extracted from the input speech for which the AANN modal is designed and tested. The signal is reconstructed from
the compressed features. The experiments are conducted using a speech signal at 8 KHz with 16 bits per sample. The
signal to noise ratio (SNR) compression ratio shows the efficiency of the model used. This coder can be suitable for the
applications such as videoconferencing, streaming audio, archival, and messaging.
Keyword: Coding, MFCC features, speech, signals pattern, classification method.
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Complexity of Gisting in Multiword detection over a WordNet
Md Jaynal Abedin and Bipul Syam Purkayastha
Department of Computer Science, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, INDIA
Abstract: Recently, there has been a great changed in the field of Natural Language Processing. Manual processing of
linguistic information is greatly challenged by automated corpus based learning methodologies for NLP with vast linguistic
Knowledge. Although, Corpus based methods have been successful in many different areas of Natural Language Processing.
Multi-word expressions (MWEs) are those whose internal meaning and structure cannot be derived from their component
words, as they occur independently. Detection of Multiword using Human evaluation method and Machine evaluation
method is a matter discussion in present NLP research field keeping the proper treatment of Multiword
Expressions(MWEs). Languages are used not only to gather information but also for communication as well. The problems
in NLP arises while taking the information provided by people from different languages and to translate them into
precise internal representation for their acquisition. In this paper, we present an approach on the detection of MWEs
from a WordNet by applying some machine Learning Methods , which can be detect MWEs with an application of
database retrieving Methodologies viz. Database Query Retrieval system (DBQRS) in a localize Areas, Artificial
Intelligence (AI) and using other various programming logic.
Keywords: Complexity, Gisting, Multiword, detection.
A Principal Component Analysis System for face Recognition in a Group
Photograph
Nachamai M*, Joy Paulose and Sutha Devi S
Dept. of Computer Science, Christ University, Bangalore, INDIA
Abstract: Image recognition is a vast area and it has gone leaps and bounds in the recent years. From static image
recognition, now it is motivated to dynamic computer vision. Although the area has attained a massive growth there are
no perfect solutions and algorithms designed. The efficiency and completeness of the solution plays a pivotal role. This
paper is a novel attempt in constructing a face recognition system. Though there exists a variety of face recognition
techniques, the method implemented in this work is different from the traditional approach. The work focuses on recognition
of a face from a group of faces that is available in the same image. The face recognition is done using the eigenfaces,
where the generation of eigenfaces is based on the eigenvalues. The Principal Component Analysis is deployed for face
recognition. The system is tested on a random database collected from internet source. The results are extremely satisfactory.
Keywords: Eigenface, Principal Component Analysis, Face Recognition, Image Processing, Computer Vision.
Performance Analysis and Evaluation of Different Feature Selection and
Classification Algorithms - A Machine Learning Approach
Yamini Chand and Md. Afroz Alam
Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Karunya University, Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore,
Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: Machine learning (ML) has gained increasing popularity among health care researchers to develop computeraided knowledge-base diagnostic systems that can enhance the human ability to analyze the pathologic conditions,
thereby lowering the risk of misdiagnosis. In the present study, we conducted an elaborative performance study of both
different feature selection and classification algorithms applied to Alzheimer microarray datasets to identify the best
combination of classifier and feature selection method in order to construct a model that can classify a patient as normal
or suffering with incipient, moderate or severe Alzheimer. Feature subset selection algorithms, namely wrappers, filters
and CFS, are used to extract relevant information from expression datasets. Classification methods were evaluated using
8 different classifiers: a Naive Bayes classifier, three types of SVM (linear, polynomial kernel with exponent 2 and RBF
kernel), a C4.5 decision tree and three types of kNN classifiers (k = 1, 3, 10). The performance accuracies of the 8
classifiers were evaluated on the datasets using 5-fold Cross Validation (CV) with and without using feature selection
algorithms. Results obtained showed significant difference in the classification accuracy of the model. The model which
had feature selection implemented with RBF SVM classifier showed better overall performance than without feature
selection. Also, comparing filter and wrapper selection methods, the accuracy of the wrapper model was better than
filter.
Keywords: Machine Learning, Feature Selection, Alzheimer Classification, Support vector machines.
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Modeling Carbon Sequestration pattern in Casuarina plantation using Pattern
Classification Techniques
G. Arulselvi1, D. Elayaraja2 and V. Ramalingam1
1Department
of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engg. and Tech., Annamalai University,
Annamalai Nagar-608 002, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
2Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University,
Annamalai Nagar- 608 002, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: In order to analyse the carbon sequestration pattern of needle leaf vegetation using remote sensing data, an
improved version of remote sensed Gross Primary Production (IRS GPP) model is used in this study. The required
features extracted from moderate resolution imaging specteroradioameter (MODIS) imagery are uitilise in this model.
The vegetation indices namely EVI (Enhanced Vegetation Index), GVMI (Global vegetation moisture index), TRVI
(Total ratio vegetation index) and two radiation variables namely LST (Land surface temperature) and AlbedoNIR are
used to estimate the carbon sequestration potential of Casuarina plantation of Perambalur district of Tamilnadu, India.
Several machine learning tools such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Radial Basis Function Neural Networks (RBFNN)
and Autoassociative Neural Networks (AANN) have been usedfor pattern classification studies. The efficiency of this
machine learning techniquesvaries with the nature of study and data available.The uses of these machine learningtechniques
in the carbon sequestration pattern studies are scanty. Hence, the carbonsequestration pattern of casuarina plantation is
classified using SVM andAANN. The comparison of the performance of SVM and AANN showed that the accuracy of
AANN is for better (98.33%) than SVM (93%) and hence AANN is identified as the best classifying technique as
compared to SVM for Casuarina plantation.
Keywords: Support Vector Machine, Autoassociative Neural Networks, Carbon sequestration, GrossPrimary Production,
Moderate resolution imaging specteroradioameter.
Optimized Dynamic Resource Allocation Using Virtual Machines
Akilandeshwari K. and E. Saravana Kumar
Dept of CSE, Adhiyamaan College of Engineering, Hosur, Tamilnadu, INDIA
Abstract: Cloud Computing provides an optimal infrastructure to utilize and share both computational and data resources
while allowing a pay-per-use model, useful to cost-effectively manage hardware investment or to maximize its utilization.
Based on application demands optimized data center resources are allocated dynamically using virtualization. The concept
of “skewness” is introduced to measure the bumpiness in the multifaceted resource utilization of a server. By using a
Load Prediction Algorithm, the future resource usage can be captured. This paper supports green computing which is
environmental responsible use of servers and reduces resource consumption. In this paper, trust is introduced for the
estimation of capability of a cloud resource to helps customer in the selection of appropriate resources in heterogeneous
cloud infrastructure.
Keywords: Cloud computing, resource management, virtualization, green computing.
Securingpersonal Health Record in Cloud using Attribute-Basedencryption
Murali N.S. and D. Thilagavathy
Dept of Computer Science and Engineering, Adhiyamaan College of Engineering, Tamilnadu, INDIA
Abstract: Personal health record (PHR) is an emerging patient-centric model of health information exchange, which is
often outsourced to be stored at a third party, such as cloud providers. To assure the patients’ control over access to their
own PHRs, it is a promising method to encrypt the PHRs before outsourcing. However, there have been wide privacy
concerns as personal health information could be exposed to those third party servers and to unauthorized parties.
Proposed a novel patient-centric framework and a suite of mechanisms for data access control to PHRs stored in semitrusted
servers. To achieve fine-grained and scalable data access control for PHRs, leverage attribute-based encryption (ABE)
techniques to encrypt each patient’s PHR file. Different from previous works in secure data outsourcing, focus on the
multiple data owner scenario, and divide the users in the PHR system into multiple security domains that greatly reduces
the key management complexity for owners and users. Yet, issues such as risks of privacy exposure, scalability in key
management, flexible access, and efficient user revocation, have remained the most important challenges toward achieving
fine-grained, cryptographically enforced data access control my scheme also enables dynamic modification of access
policies or file attributes, supports efficient on-demand user/attribute revocation and break-glass access under emergency
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scenarios. Extensive analytical and experimental results are presented which show the security, scalability, and efficiency
of my proposed scheme.
Keywords: Securingpersonal, health, record, cloud, attribute, basedencryption.
Convergence is the Key to Innovation and creativity in science and technologyEnhanced by Research Orientation
G. Arockiasamy M.S.
Department of Electronics and Media technology, Karunya University, Coimbatore, TN, INDIA
Abstract: In the present globalized market driven world, Human progress and development is highly influenced by the
power of Knowledge and information. The technologically driven world spins around the information explosion and
knowledge resources. In-spite of such global and multi-national transformation all over the world, many developed and
developing countries face the down fall of economy due to its improper orientation. To-day the advancement of technology
is at the door step of educational embodiments. The human and other resources are abundant in the global world and
therefore the research and development depends heavily on the utilization of them in the right direction. The innovative
and creative process must be studied in depth. This paper will elaborate on the way it is harnessed so far in maximizing
these objectives by various inventors in the history. Cris Beswick states that “innovation is the successful exploitation of
an idea that adds value to the customer and commercial return to creator” It is interlinked with the process that is
commonly as all innovations begin with the creative ideas accepted. Convergence play a crucial role is stated by the
economist Paul Romer in the following words such as “view creativity as an important element in the recombination of
elements to produce new technologies and products and consequently economic growth. Creativity leads to capital.” All
these require fostering the scientific temper among young mind. In support of this enquiry Multi-intelligence theory
proves on Convergence. This paper will show a new tool to increase the scientific temper through a new type of evaluative
method. An analytical method used to show how the research and innovations in the past are based on the process of
convergence leading to the result of enormous technological growth in the twentieth century. The paper draws attention
on how to maintain scientific- temper through the motivation of younger people of our time. The media is presented as
a great tool in support of all above activities.
Keywords: Convergence, Innovation, creativity, science and technology, research orientation.
Ensuring Enhanced Distributed Accountability in the Cloud With Indexing
Shyamasree Ghosh
Department of Computer Science, Adhiyamaan College of Engineering, Hosur, Tamilnadu, INDIA
Abstract: Cloud computing facilitates highly scalable services in the internet as on-demand basis. One major feature of
cloud computing is that the user don’t have the control over and can’t operate their data stored in cloud as all the data are
processed remotely, thus user don’t own their data. Besides the new conveniences provided by the cloud user has the fear
to lose the control on their data(specially health and financial data). This is the one obstacle for adaptation of these
services. In response of this problem in this paper we have proposed a highly decentralized information accountability
framework so that the user can keep track or control of the usage of his data in the cloud. Here we have introduced a JAR
programming capabilities which is an object oriented approach , combines our logging mechanism along with the user’s
data and usage policies. This JAR approach enables us not only to create highly dynamic and travelling objects(as each
and every data in the cloud are use to travel from one location to another location) but also assure that any access to the
user’s data will trigger authentication and automated logging local to the JARs. To make it more secure, we have attached
indexing for the JAR files. Distributed auditing mechanism has been provided for making the user control more strong.
Lastly we have made extensive experimental studies that proofs the efficiency and effectiveness of our proposed approaches.
Keywords: Cloud computing, accountability, data sharing.
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ISCA-ISC-2013-6EGS-01
Bioleaching of Copper from low grade Covellite using Halophillic Thiobacillus
Ferrooxidans N-13
Nakade Dhanraj B.
Dept. of microbiology, Govt. Rajaram College, Kolhapur-416004 Maharashtra, INDIA
Abstract: Bioleaching is a process of extracting minerals from ores using microorganisms. The extraction of copper
from low grade ores is today’s need because of gradual depletion of high grade ore. The conventional methods used for
extraction of copper from ore is either Pyrometallurgy or Hydrometallurgy, however both the are not free from the
environmental pollution problems and economically very expensive, and requires lots of energy. Bioleaching of mineral
is the only method considered as most convincing way to solve these problems, requires very less energy and is free from
environmental pollution and other problems. By considering this, In the present study Halophillic Thiobacillus ferroxidans
N-13 is explored for bioleaching of copper from low grade ore Covellite. Thiobacillus ferroxidans N-13 isolated from
hyper saline soils of Kolhapur district of Maharashtra, India on 9 K medium. It was identified using Bergey’s manual of
systematic bacteriology. Bioleaching study was carried out in both shake flask as well as bioreactor. Results showed that
in the shake flask Thiobacillus ferroxidans N-13 tolerates 40 g/L of covellite when supplemented with 0.5 g/L of Yeast
extract. At 80 rpm and 37OC temperature about 82% of copper can be extracted after 10 days by shake flask method and
88% can be extracted by bioreactor study in 8 days. Present study indicated the usefulness of Thiobacillus ferroxidans
N-13 in bioleaching of copper from low grade ore Covellite can be used as a potential candidate for bioleaching as a
pollution free process.
Keywords: Bioleaching, covellite, ores, saline soils, pyrometallurgy.
An index number system for rating water quality
TSR Uma Mageswari
PSNA College of Engineering and technology Dindigul, 9-1-56, Sivan Koil Street, Agraharam, Batlagundu – 624202, Tamilnadu,
INDIA
Abstract: An attempt has been made to develop different water quality indices, using 24 physico chemical parameters
measured at six sampling stations of Batlagundu. The results of water quality indices have to evaluate the suitability of
water for public consumption and other domestic purposes. The values of WQI revealed that the sampling station S6
shows better water quality and the sampling station S5 shows poor water quality.WQI is a important tool to transform the
complex water quality data into information that is easily understandable and useful to the public and decision makers.
Keywords: Index, number, system, rating, water, quality.
Application of GIS to Reduce the Drinking Water Crises:
A Case Study of Barouli Ahir, Uttar Pradesh, India
Shweta Karsauliya
Department of Remote Sensing, Banasthali Vidyapith, Jaipur, INDIA
Abstract: GIS is a tool in which spatial and non spatial data can be integrated as the requirement of the application. GIS
can be most useful in the application of network analysis and it can be important analysis function for water supply.
Study was carried out at six village of Barouli Ahir of Agra district Uttar Pradesh. 38,542 populations of these villages
are highly harmed by the drinking water. Drinking water crises of these villages reached to the high level due to the
fluoride contains of water. Amount of Fluorides contain in water is found 18 PPM which is much harmful for drinking.
Population of this area get effected by the use of underground water. Here we apply the Network analysis to find the
optimum path for the closest facility of water supply in these villages. ARC-MAP is use to define the proper solution of
this problem with help of Google Earth software. This paper proposed the optimum path for water supply with low cost
and less travel time.
Keywords: GIS, network analysis, ARC-MAP, google earth, water crises.
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Distribution and Characterization of Light and Heavy Minerals in the
Kerala Beaches, India
V. Ramasamy1, M. Sundarrajan2,3, K. Paramasivam1 and G. Suresh4
1Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Tamilnadu, INDIA
of Physics, Sri ChandrasekharendraSaraswathiViswaMahavidyalaya, Enathur, Kanchipuram, Tamilnadu, INDIA
3Department of Physics, ManonmaniamSundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu INDIA
4Department of Physics, ArulmiguMeenakshi Amman College of Engineering, Vadamavandal, Tamilnadu, INDIA
2Department
Abstract: The light and heavy mineral characterizations of the sediments from various beaches of Kerala have been
carried out. The eight different light minerals are identified and they are characterized. The minerals such as quartz,
microcline feldspar, kaolinite and calcite are major. The relative distribution of major minerals is determined andresults
show that the amount of quartz is higher than calcite and much higher than microcline feldspar. Crystallinity index is
calculated to know the crystalline nature of quartz and values indicate the presence of well ordered, ordered and intermediate
crystalline quartz in the sediments.Heavy mineral separation analysis revealed the presence of nine heavy minerals. The
minerals such as monazite, zircon, magnetite and illmenite are predominant. Due to the rapid and extreme changes occur
in highly dynamic environments of sandy beaches, quantities of major light and heavy minerals are widely varied from
site to site.
Keywords: Minerals, Beach sediments, Kerala, FTIR.
Incidence, Surveillance and Management of Dengue in Nagapattinam:
A Cross - Sectional Study
S. Vadivel
PG and Research Department of Geography, Government Arts College, Kumbakonam-612 001, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: Dengue is an important mosquito-borne disease in the world in terms of morbidity, mortality and economic
costs mainly in the tropical countries. Globally, 2.5 billion people were living in the areas of dengue endemic zones and
approximately 50 million dengue infections occurring each year, with 500,000 cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)
and at least 22,000 deaths, particularly children. The incidence of dengue became a major public health problem in India
particularly coastal belts of Tamil Nadu. During the North-East Monsoon season, occurrences of dengue cases were
steadily increasing in the month of September, October, November and December. Accordingly, in Nagapattinam, the
costal huts were turning down into holoendemic spots and the incidence of fever cases were 4300 and positive dengue
cases were 1635 registered more in number when compare to other districts of Tamil Nadu. Deaths of 14 children were
within 24 hours of affliction in Nagapattinam. Keechankuppam, Akkarapettai and Nambiyar Nagar was reported highest
number of fever and dengue cases. After became an endemic zone, the Nagapattinem municipality and public health
officials have taken necessary measures to control spreading of dengue. The present study is: 1) to analyze the incidence
of dengue cases, 2) to investigate the socio-economic backgrounds of dengue affected people, 3) to evaluate the temporal
variations of dengue case in different month relation to climate and environment and 4) to discuss the preventive and
control measures were taken by the municipality. The data was collected from 300 dengue affected persons by questionnaire
survey using purposive sampling procedure and also the secondary data were collected from municipality office of
Nagapattinam. Factor analyses were employed to identify the major dimensions for easy interpretation of variables.
Keywords: Incidence, surveillance, management, Dengue, Nagapattinam.
Behaviour of the Rare Earth Elements in Sulphide Ores, Ariab District,
Red Seahills ne Sudan
Samia Abdelrahman Ibrahim Ali
University of Khartoum, Sudan and University of Witwatersrand, SOUTH AFRICA
Abstract: REE study of Ariab massive sulphides has illustrated a positive Eu anomaly preserved as the massive sulphides
subjected to greenschist grade of metamorphism and subsequent supergene weathering. Gossans with positive Eu anomalies
must be the products of supergene weathering of massive sulphides exhibiting a similar positive Eu anomaly. The positive
Eu anomalies in hydrothermally altered schists and gossans can be used as a guide to massive sulphide mineralization
discoveries. The process of gossanization can lead to an almost complete loss of ore metals (especially Cu and Zn) from
the gossan, so the preservation of the positive Eu anomaly is a strong indicator of massive sulphide gossan or a signature
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for the influence of an intense hydrothermal metals-bearing sulphide system in the case of hydrothermally altered schists.
A clear correlation between Eud and Pb has been established in massive sulphide ores. The observed REE patterns of
Ariab mineral district rocks are best explained by an input of hydrothermal solutions to the site of chemical sedimentation.
Because of the characteristic REE pattern and consistent stratigraphic positions of the chemical sediment zones the
following sequence of events took place within the hydrothermal system: 1) Alteration of volcanic glass and or
ferromagnesian minerals released Cu and Fe to the solution (Cu- rich sulphide); 2) Preferential alteration of feldspar by
very concentrated brine enriched the solution in Pb, Zn, Ba, and heavy REE (silica barite rich); 3) Continued removal of
Fe from the volcanic rocks without alteration of a large amount of the solid phases (iron-formation).
Keywords: Behaviour, rare earth, elements, sulphide, ores, Ariab District, Red seahills ne.
Determination of Sandstone classification by using geochemical aspect:
A case study of Garudamangalam Formation, Cretaceous of Ariyalur,
Tamilnadu, India
Babu.K, Prabhakaran.P, Subramanian.P and Selvaraj.B
Department of Earth Sciences, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608002, INDIA
Abstract: The composition of sandstone may be expressed in terms of its bulk chemical composition. Such bulk chemical
analyses are very useful. To understand fully the geochemical processes and the evolution of various types of sediment
or differentiates, chemical analyses needed. Chemical data has value for classification, but the limitations of using
chemical data for classification must be identified. The Cretaceous formation of Ariyalur area, Tamilnadu is one of the
best developed sedimentary formations in southern India. The staratigraphy of this formation is divided into three groups,
Uttatur, Trichinopoly, and Ariyalur. The Trichinopoly group later designated as Garudamangalam Formation.
Representative 10 sandstone samples were collected from the Garudamangalam formation, and analysed for major oxide
composition by using XRF. The relative concentrations of three major groups- silica, alumina, alkali oxides plus magnesia
have been used to classify the Garudamangalam sandstone samples. From the study area samples SiO2 ranging from
(12.93-42.56%), Al2O3 (3.49-8.47%), Fe2O3(2.29-22.02%) and strongly depleted to S, Na2O, K2O,MnO,TiO2 and P2O5.
The very high content of CaO ranging from 23.53-45.90%, it indicates they are rich in calcite cement, or it may mean
shell fragments in the sandstone particles. Based on the following reference set, guidelines are proposed for chemical
classification of sandstones. 1.quartz arenite:log(SiO2/Al2O3)e”1.5, 2.Greywacke:log(SiO2/Al2O3)<1 and log(K2O/
Na2O)<0 3. Arkose(includes subarkose): log(SiO 2/Al2O 3)<1.5 and log(K 2O/Na2 O)e”0 and log(Fe2O 3+MgO)/
(K 2 O+Na 2 O)<0 4.Lithic arenite: log(SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3)<1.5 and eighter log(K 2 O/Na 2 O)<0 or log(Fe 2 O 3 +MgO)/
(K2O+Na2O)e”0.If log (K2O/Na2O)<0, lithicarenite can be confused with greywacke. Based on the above guidelines the
study area sandstone samples reflects log (SiO2/Al2O3 ratios from 0.47 to 0.92. The log (K2O/Na2O)Vs log (Fe2O3+MgO)/
(Na2O+K2O) scatter diagram shows lithicarenites field. The study area samples reveals that they are rich in Litharenite
sediments are evidences of a probable deposition of the felsic rich source rock and deposited in a marine environment.
Keywords: Sandstone, garudamangalam, classification, lithicarenite and arkose.
Evaluvation of Percolation tank in Groundwater Recharge using Chloride as a
Tracer
A.J. Asmin, P. Jegathambal and Amritha Thankachan
Water Institute, Karunya University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: Groundwater is a globally important and valuable renewable resource for human life and economic development.
Often wells get dried in early summer thus resulting in need for recharging groundwater sources. Percolation tanks are
artificial recharge structures used to augment ground water resources. As no reliable and practical method is available to
evaluate the performance of these tanks sometimes they are known as “evaporation tanks”. This study was carried out at
Sulur watershed which is situated in the Coimbatore District in Tamil Nadu in southern India. Most inhabitants are
dependent on agriculture, and as the surface water is limited, groundwater is the main source of water. In sulur there are
two percolation ponds which are maintained to recharge groundwaer. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the
efficiency of the percolation tank using a reliable, simple and inexpensive method. In this study naturally available
chloride was used as a tracer for evaluation of performance of percolation tanks .The mass balance concept of chloride
is used for this study. Thus by measuring the chloride concentration and volume of the tank water at different time
intervals, the percolation fraction from the tank was calculated .In this study water level and other water quality parameters
were also analysed to determine the source of pollution.
Keywords: Percolation tanks, groundwater recharge, tracer, chloride.
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Electromagnetic Energy and Remote Sensing of the Environment:
An Earth Resource Perspective
Kazi N.M.
Dept. of Geography, S.P.D.M ASC .College SHIRPUR MS, North Maharashtra University, INDIA
Abstract: The world has entered the electronic information is which, now more than ever before, includes spatial
information. People responsible for managing earth natural resources and planning future development recognise the
importance of accurate spatial information residing in a digital geographical information system (GIS). Many of the
most important layers of biophysical, land use / land cover, and socioeconomic information in a GIS data base are
derived from an analysis of remotely sensed data. Thus we now see significant increase in the demand for remote sensing
data. Conversely a scientist may let’s to use transducer or other in see to measurement devise at the study site to make
measurement. Transducer is usually in placed in direct physical contact. To understand how electromagnetic radiation
it’s created, how it is propagates through space, and how it interacts with other matter, it is useful to analysed to processes
using to different models:- the wave model and the particle model. The wavelengths of energy produce are function of
particular orbital levels of the electrons involved in the excitation process. If the atoms absorb enough energy to become
ionised and a free electronic drops in to fill the vacant energy level, then the radiation given off is unquantized and a
continuous spectrum is produce rather than a band or a series of bands every encounter of one of the free electrons with
a positively charge nucleus causes rapidly changing electric and magnetic field, so that radiation at all wavelengths is
produced. The hot surface of the Sun is largely plasma in which radiation of all wavelengths is produced. In atoms and
molecules, electron orbital changes produce the shortest wavelength radiation, molecules vibrational motion changes
produce near- and / or middle- infrared energy, and rotational motion changes produce long wavelength infrared or
microwave radiation. This paper is an introductory effort to summarised remote sensing process. Various elements of the
process are reviewed, also how it is used for a variety of National and International earth resource monitoring programme.
Keywords: Remote sensing, Propagation, Environment, Resource.
ISCA Publish
Research Journal of Recent Sciences
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ISCA-ISC-2013-7EngS-01
Standardisation and optimization of the sorghum malting process for pito
production
Clement Djameh1, Firibu Kwesi Saalia1, Emmanuel Sinayobye2, Budu Agnes1, Gloria Esselfie2,
Henry Mensah-Brown2
1Department
of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Legon, ACCRA, GHANA
of Food Process Engineering, University of Ghana, Legon, ACCRA, GHANA
2Department
Abstract: Pito is an alcoholic beverage obtained through yeast (Saccharomyces cerevicea) fermentation of the wort
extracted from sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) malt. The malting conditions of sorghum are thought to influence
the quality characteristics of the malt, and subsequently the quality of pito obtained from it. Studies were carried out on
a local sorghum cultivar, chireh, to optimize the conditions for malting. A 3x3x3 full factorial experimental design was
replicated with steeping times of 12, 16 and 22 hours, germination times 3, 4 and 5 days, and malt drying temperature
(30°C, 40°C, 50°C) as factors. The diastatic power, extract yield, attenuation limit and free amino nitrogen FAN were
determined. Germination duration significantly affected diastatic power and FAN (p<0.001). Extract yield was also
significantly influenced by germination duration (p = 0.001). The germination time, steeping time and drying temperature
had no significant effects on attenuation limit. The optimal conditions for malting to obtain critical malt quality indices
were 12.0 -12.5 hours steeping, 5 days of germination at 30°C and drying at 40°C. FAN levels in all treatments were
higher than the minimum requirement for good yeast nutrition and fermentation.
Keywords: pito, sorghum, malt, yeast, diastatic power.
AC breakdown behavior at Sub-Millimeter Air gaps
Pranav Kumar Singh1, Rajdeep1, Somesh Kumar1, Saurabh Sinha1, Shreedevi B.R.2 and T.C. Balachandra2
1BMS
Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA
Technological University, Belgaum, Karnataka, INDIA
2Visvesvaraya
Abstarct: Breakdown of air gaps of few millimeters have been studied under AC voltage, 50 Hz by using different
electrode configurations. Different electrode configuration (using commercially available thin razor blades, needleplane, 2 hemispheres) have been studied in the gap regimes of 100 µm to 1 mm. The present work aims at verifying the
values of breakdown voltages for 1mm gap for blade electrode. Efforts will be made to reduce the gap as accurately as
possible and study the breakdown behavior. In the present work, optical flats are used to ensure parallelism or planarity
by placing the blade electrodes in horizontal manner, so that investigation can be conducted with one-dimensional planar
electrodes. Observations were carried out with the help of magnifying glass. The effect of electrode material was also
studied by changing one of the electrode material while conducting experiments with needle plane setup and observed
results are extensively studied and reported. Such an approach is expected to prove helpful in explanation of breakdown
voltages and the current inception voltages which may arise in micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) in the course
of their operation and lots of other related fields.
Keywords: Electric breakdown, partial discharge, microelectrodes, electric field
Comparision of High Gain Topologies of Non-Isolated DC-DC Converters for
Fuel Cell Application
Divya Navamani J., Navauga A. and Lavanya A.
SRM University, Kattankulature, INDIA
Abstract: This paper compares different topologies of non-isolated high conversion ratio dc-dc converter for fuel cell
application. These converters transfer the low dc voltage of fuel cell to high dc voltage in dc link. In this study, ripple
content of both input current and output voltage, voltage and current stress on the switch were compared and discussed.
A comparison and discussion of the efficiency and losses are also presented in this paper. Study carried out on this paper
intends to choose the best converter for fuel cell application. The proposed converter has high converter ratio and
achieves higher efficiency with reduced voltage and current stresses on the power semi conductor switches when compared
to the conventional boost converter. Analyzed converter can be applied to fuel cell system and also other renewable
energy systems. Simulation is conducted over software package PSIM and MATLAB/ simulink.
Keyword: Fuel cell, High gain, Dc-Dc converter, Ripples, Voltage and current stress, Efficiency.
139
Design and Analysis of GaN/AlGaN HEMTs for High Frequency Applications
Binola K. Jebalin, Shobha Rekh and Nirmal D.
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Karunya University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, INDIA
Abstract: The transistor is the fundamental building block of modern electronic system and is categorized according to
the structure, semiconductor materials, electrical polarity, maximum power rating, maximum operating frequency
applications, physical packaging and amplification factor. In this paper different HEMT structures has been designed
and simulated using sentaurus TCAD tool. High electron mobility transistor (HEMT), also known as heterostructure
FET (HFET) or modulation-doped FET (MODFET), is a field effect transistor incorporating a junction between two
materials with different bandgaps (i.e., a heterojunction) as the channel instead of a doped region, as is generally the case
for MOSFET. Alloys of GaN like InGaN and AlGaN also offer a wide range of band gap 0.8eV to 6.2 eV. This enables
the design and fabrication of heterostructure devices. A commonly used material combination is GaAs with AlGaAs.
High performance AlGaN/GaN HEMTs have been successfully demonstrated for various applications in recent years.
The inherent material properties such as high saturation velocity, high thermal conductivity, high breakdown voltage,
wide bandgap and high electron velocity make AlGaN/GaN HEMTs a promising material for any application where high
gain and low noise at high frequencies are required. Here the simulation of the GaN/AlGaN HEMT is carried out using
sentaurus structure editor. The RF characteristics is obtained by the small signal AC analysis of the devices using two
port network.Also various dc characteristics like Id-Vg characteristics, Id-Vd characteristics and the transconductance
parameters are also analyzed for high frequency application.
Keywords: High Electron Mobility Transistor, two dimension electron gas, heterojunction, band gap, high frequency.
The author prefers for oral presentation in the Engineering Sciences Section
Evaluation of Warping Properties of CFS Lipped Channel Beams
R. Kandasamy1. and R. Thenmozhi2
1Arulmigu
Palaniandavar Polytechnic College, Palani-624601, INDIA
2Dept of Civil Engineering, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore-641013, INDIA
Abstract: The critical moment of a cold-formed lipped channel beams under bending depends on mainly warping and
torsion stiffnesses. Besides these factors, the point of application of loading also has direct influence on the elastic
critical moment of a beam. The calculation of warping constant (Cw) for thin walled lipped channel sections is a tedious
and cumbersome procedure and leads to an obstacle to routine design. Even though formulas and values for selective
sections are available in the AISI design manuals, field engineers have limited idea of evaluating the warping properties
for sections which are not available in the AISI design manuals. This paper elaborates a numerical procedure for evaluating
the warping constant of a lipped channel beams. 48 different sections ranging from 100mm to 200mm depth, flanges
50mm to 100mm width and 10mm to 25mm lip width have been used for evaluating the warping constants. Results
shows no difference between the calculated values and those listed in the AISI design manuals. It is a reliable and useful
tool for computing the warping constant for any arbitrary CFS lipped sections
Keywords: Critical moment, Torsion and warping stiffness, Lateral-Torsion Buckling.
The author prefers for oral presentation in the Engineering Sciences Section
Experimental Study of Buckling Lengths of CFS lipped Channel Beams under
Restrained Boundary Conditions
R. Kandasamy1 and R. Thenmozhi2
1Arulmigu
2Dept
Palaniandavar Polytechnic College, Palani-624601, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
of Civil Engineering, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore-641013, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: Effective length factor of CFS lipped channel beams subjected to flexure are given in AS/NSZ 4600, Eurocode
Part 1.3 and BS 5950, Part V taking into account their buckling phenomena. The coefficients are given for boundary
conditions considering the effect of torsion and warping restraint. The effect of torsion and warping restraints is treated
by defining the range of values for the coefficients. Lateral torsion buckling of the CFS beams greatly influences the
effective length factors. 48 CFS lipped channel beams have been taken for the study with depth varies from 100mm to
200mm, flange width varies from 50mm to 100mm and lip size varies from 10mm to 25mm.Experimental investigation
has been carried out to verify the coefficients for the defined boundary conditions. The influence of flange width and lip
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size on the buckling length has been investigated. The results are compared with the Indian code provisions for hot rolled
beams.
Keywords: Boundary conditions, effective length, torsion, warping restraints.
Studies on Rejuvenation of Oxidized Asphalt Binder in Reclaimed Asphalt
Pavement (RAP)
T. Anil Pradyumna and P.K. Jain
AcSIR, CSIR- Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi 110025, INDIA
Abstract: The composition of bitumen plays a vital role in deciding durability of bituminous roads, during the aging
process, its composition changes with passage of time. Napthene aromatics are converted to polar aromatics and these in
turn to asphaltenes those responsible for brittleness of bitumen. Therefore, restoration of physico-chemical deficiencies
of oxidized bitumen by incorporation of appropriate dose of rejuvenating agent is essential for desired performance of
recycled asphalt surfacing. In this study, rejuvenating agent is developed, which meet the ASTM D4552 standard. The
properties of aged asphalt which has been recovered from RAP of old pavement were determined. Dynamic Shear
Rheometeric and Viscosity tests are carried out on the blends of rejuvenating agent and asphalt extracted from RAP. The
results from the study show that the aged binders can be rejuvenated to a targeted PG grade of bitumen. The performancerelated properties of the blends specified by US-SHRP binder specifications were effectively altered by rejuvenator. The
details of results will be presented and discussed in the paper.
Keywords: Rejuvenating agent, reclaimed asphalt pavement, rheometer, asphaltenes, aromatics.
A Study on Strength Characteristics of GGBS Stabilizes Flyash
M. Neeraja
Civil Engineering Department, Gitam University, Visakhapatnam, AP, INDIA
Abstract: An efficient road system is as pre-requisite for economic development in many countries. Due to the continuous
demand of aggregates shortage of stones, gravel and sand occurred in many localities. Greater attention is now being
paid to the usage of locally available substitute materials such as stabilized waste materials to meet road construction
needs. Hence utilization of industrial waste like fly ash, GGBS etc. minimizes the cost of construction, also reduces
environmental pollution and disposed problem. It is essential to find new avenues for utilization in bulk quantities; hence
knowledge of physical, chemical and engineering properties is most essential. Lack of engineering properties of these
materials is one of the major factors responsible for their low utility. The by-product produced by these poor quality
coals is also of poor quality, to improve the strength of flyash we need to mix cementitious materials to increase the
pozzalonic property where we can use for construction purposes. The Objective of this paper is to study the strength
characteristics of the low quality flyash by stabilizing it with 20, 30, 40% of GGBS and tested with or without curing for
7, 14, 28 and 56 days.
Keyword: Flyash, GGBS, industrial waste, strength, curing.
Investigations on Semiconductor Photocatalysis for the removal of plastic
wastes from the Environment: Polyethylene plastics
Phonsy P.D., Suguna Yesodharan and Yesodharan E.P.*
School of Environmental studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682022, INDIA
Abstract: Plastics have become an essential ingredient of modern life with a wide range of uses such as carry bags,
bottles, packaging, consumer products etc. At the same time the so called ‘white pollution’ caused by plastic wastes is a
major environmental problem due to the recalcitrant nature of these materials. Even the simplest form of plastics, ie,
polyethylene is strong and highly durable and takes upto 1000 years for natural degradation in the environment. Our
study revealed that photocatalysis can be used successfully as an Advanced Oxidation Technique for the slow but steady
degradation of polyethylene plastics. Semiconductors such as ZnO and TiO2 assist the photodegradation of polyethylene
plastics through the generation of highly reactive free radicals which interact with the pollutant. The degradation in
presence of TiO2 is around 20% more than in presence of ZnO. Anions such as fluorides, chlorides, carbonate, bicarbonate
etc and cations such as Na+, K+,Ca2+,Mg2+etc that are naturally present in water influence the efficiency of TiO2 for
polyethylene degradation. The process is pH dependent and acidic condition favours the degradation. Critical parameters
for optimum efficiency for the degradation of plastics are identified and optimized. An appropriate mechanism to explain
the degradation is also proposed.
Keywords: Photacatalysis, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, pH effect.
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Studies on Performance of Mild Warm Asphalt mixes for Road Construction
Siksha Swaroopa Kar, Sravani A. and P.K.Jain
CSIR-Central Road Research Institute and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research New Delhi-110025, INDIA
Abstract: Traditional hot mixes are prepared, laid and compacted at fairly high temperatures in the range of 120-1600C.
High energy inputs subsequently generation of green house emissions is an issue of concern and cause of the quest
among researchers for development of low energy mild warm mixes using cationic bitumen emission as binder. Alternative
mixes, such as mild warm mixes can be prepared, laid and compacted at 40-50oC saves energy and also contributes to
carbon credit. Studies are conducted to optimize and design mild warm low energy mixes for construction and maintenance
applications. Mechanistic properties such as resilient modulus and creep of such mixes are investigated to decide their
applicability in road construction. Details of results and their discussion will be presented in paper.
Keywords: Performance, mild warm, Asphalt mixes, road construction.
Rhombic LBP Variants Based Texture Analysis for the Detection of Breast
Cancer
Narain Ponraj1, Poongodi2, Jagannath1, Aparna1
2PPG
1Karunya University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
College of Technology, Visuvasapuram, Saravanampatti, Coimbatore, TN 641035, INDIA
Abstract: Texture analysis plays a major role in computer vision system which does image analysis for classification,
detection, segmentation of an image based on intensity and colour. Texture features have been extensively tested for both
characterization and diagnosis of breast masses. Existing LBP variants uses square pattern for the texture analysis. In this
paper we propose rhombic pattern based LBP variants for the detection of breast cancer which proved to be efficient
compared to the conventional patterns. The newly proposed method reduces the computational complexity that exists in
the conventional methods. The proposed technique is compared with the existing LBP variants and the obtained results
were tabulated.
Keywords: Rhombic, LBP, Variants, Texture, Cancer.
Electrocardiogram Signal Denoising towards Foetal Signal Enhancement using
Kalman Filtering Framework Methodology
D.J. Jagannath1, A.Immanuel Selvakumar2 and D. Narain Ponraj1
1Dept.
of Electronics and Communication Engineering, School of Electrical Sciences, Karunya University, Coimbatore, INDIA
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, School of Electrical Sciences, Karunya University, Coimbatore, INDIA
2Department
Abstract: The existence of Electrocardiography (ECG) came to light over a century ago, yet the acquisition and extraction
of non-invasive foetal electro-cardiogram (fECG) is still in its infancy despite mammoth advances in clinical
electrocardiography, advanced Biomedical signal processing techniques and fast growing engineering technology. The
acquisition of foetal ECG becomes a challenging task since it is perilous for a direct contact over the foetus. Moreover,
the noninvasive abdominal ECG (aECG) measurements obtained over the surface of a maternal abdomen contains several
bioelectric potentials like maternal heart activity, foetal heart activity, maternal muscle activity, foetal movement activity,
generated potentials by respiration and stomach activity, and noise (thermal noise, noise generated from electrode-skin
contact). The strong Maternal Electrocardiogram (mECG) along with the weak Foetal Electrocardiogram (fECG) in the
recordings obtained from a mother is overlapping in time as well as in frequency. Hence separation of these signals
cannot be accomplished by simple windowing or filtering. Over the years numerous researchers have put enormous
efforts in signal processing and biomedical engineering for humanizing the foetal ECG acquisition techniques used by
the physiologists. Foetal electrocardiogram (fECG) is a vital information source to assist physicians for precise timely
decisions during labor. Heart diseases are the cause of countless deaths during prenatal and in the newborn phase. Hence,
the study of foetal electrocardiogram (fECG) signals is very supportive in order to assess the foetal heart status for early
recognition of cardiac abnormalities. The focus of this work is to increase the quality of fECG signal to be used in
forecasting intrapartum foetal hypoxia. An adaptive filtering methodology using Kalman framework is proposed for
mECG elimination and non-linear artefacts removal to yield high quality fECG signal. The outcomes of the experiments
indicate that the adaptive system using Kalman filtering framework may be incorporated with the modern STAN system.
Keywords: Electrocardiogram (ECG), foetal ECG (fECG), maternal ECG (mECG), abdominal ECG (aECG), adaptive
Kalman filtering framework, STAN (ST analysis)
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ISCA-ISC-2013-7EngS-Chem-01
Equilibrium, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies
L. Nageswara Rao1 and G. Prabhakar2
1Department
of Chemical Engineering, RVR andJC College of Engineering (A), Chowdavaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA
2Department of Chemical Engineering, S.V.University, Tirupathi, AP, INDIA
Abstract: The potential of using Citrus reticulata powder as a new adsorbent for the removal of Zinc from aqueous
solutions was investigated. Batch adsorption experiments were performed to find out the effective lead removal at
different metal ion concentrations, adsorbent size and dosage. Adsorption of Zn2+ ion was strongly affected by pH. The
Citrus reticulata exhibited the highest lead adsorption capacity at pH 6. Isotherms for the adsorption of lead on Citrus
reticulata were evaluated with the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin adsorption isotherm models. The equilibrium data
fitted well to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. At pH 6, the maximum lead adsorption capacity of Citrus
reticulata estimated with the Langmuir model at different temperature levels, ranges from 303K to 333K were increased
from 22.39 mg g”1 to 30.08 mg g”1 adsorbent. Thermodynamic parameters such as ÄG, ÄH, and ÄS were evaluated by
applying the van’t Hoff equation. The thermodynamics of Zn on Citrus reticulata indicates the spontaneity at low
temperatures and exothermic nature of adsorption.
Keywords: Citrus reticulata, kinetic studies, heavy metals, adsorption.
Impact of Sodium and Potassium Ions in Identification of second generation of
Offspring Gender in Rabbits
S. Chandraju1, Ashraf Beirami1 and C. S. Chidan Kumar2
1Dept
of Studies in Sugar Technology,Sir M. Vishweshwaraya Post-Graduate Center, University of Mysore,Tubinakere, Mandya,
Karnataka, INDIA
2Department of Engineering Chemistry, Alva’s Institute of Technology, Mijar, Moodbidri-574225, Karnataka, INDIA
Abstract: Impact of sodium and potassium in diet to determine offspring gender in rabbits has been investigated. Sex
determination has scientific basis for prevention of genetic diseases in addition to social backgrounds.20 healthy rabbits
chosen from the second generation of the previous experimental rabbits, were divided in to two groups in the rabbits
male to female 1:1. The first group was Na and K, the second group was control unit without Na and K. It was found that
the delivered offsprings male to female ratio were 1.95:1and 1:1, for the first and second groups respectively. Also, it
was found that rabbits fed with (Na,K) food yields maximum numbers of male offspring 65, while rabbits fed with
normal food yields lowest numbers of male offspring 35.
Keywords: Sodium, potassium, sex ratio, rabbits, offspring.
A Study of Thermodynamic stability of Autocatalytic reaction by Lyapunov
Function analysis using the framework of the Comprehensive
Thermodynamic Theory of Stability of Irreversible Processes (CTTSIP)
Pragati Dethe1, Chandrakant Burande2, Bharati Burande3 and Megha Sawangikar4
1Priyadarshini College of Engineering, Nagpur, INDIA
Deshmukh College of Engineering and Technology, Mouda, INDIA
3Priyadarshini Indira Gandhi College of Engineering, Nagpur, INDIA
4Datta Meghe Institute of Engineering, Technology and Research, Wardha, INDIA
2Vilasrao
Abstract: Thermodynamic stability of autocatalytic reaction by Lyapunov function analysis using the framework of
CTTSIP has been investigated in this paper. In this paper we considered two cases of autocatalytic reaction proceeding
at finite rates and at constant T and p. The stability analysis of autocatalytic reactions is complex in mechanism. The
feedback mechanism in autocatalytic reaction plays vital role in some biological and industrial processes. We have
investigated almost all possibilities of perturbations away from chemical equilibrium and at equilibrium. The domain of
stability and instability is clearly revealed in our exercise. Autocatalytic reactions in equilibrium state show stability.
However away from equilibrium, thermodynamic stability is guaranteed under certain constrains. This autocatalytic
feedback mechanism also leads to the oscillatory chemical reaction.
Keywords: Irreversible thermodynamics, Stability, Autocatalytic reaction, Lyapunov analysis.
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Exopolysaccharide production by Pseudomonas fluorescens–Medium
optimization and its Kinetic Study
Sirajunnisa Abdul Razack, Viruthagiri Thangavelu and Vijayagopal Velayutham
Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-608002, Tamilnadu, INDIA
Abstract: Pseudomonas fluorescens, isolated from rhizosphere soil, was studied for the production of exopolysaccharide
(EPS). A medium was constituted for an enhanced yield of EPS. This study involved an agro waste, rice bran, as the
carbon substrate that was used instead of glucose. Plackett Burman statistical design was applied to evaluate the selected
sixteen components, involving 20 experimental runs, from which, rice bran, peptone, NaCl and MnCl2 were found to be
effective and significant on the fermentation process. To study the concentration of each component, Central experimental
design was carried out and response surface plots showed that the following concentrations significantly enhanced the
production- Rice bran- 5.02%, Peptone- 0.35%, NaCl – 0.51%, MnCl2 – 0.074%. Kinetic data was obtained for this
study. Logistic model was used to learn about the growth mechanism of the cells and Leudeking Piret equation for
production formation fitted this model. The present investigation resulted in a maximum yield of 4.62 g / L of fermentation
broth at 48h. The extracted polysaccharide could thus be ecofriendly as it is biodegradable and nontoxic and can be
subjected to various industrial and pharmaceutical applications.
Keywords: Pseudomonas fluorescens, Exopolysaccharide, Rice bran, Response Surface Methodology, Kinetics.
Liquid Phase Benzylation of Naphthalene by using Zn-MCM-22
Ms. Tejasvi A. Ashtikar, Ms. Kanchan V. Kumbhalkar, Nilesh S. Dumore and Niteen B. Chavan
Department of Chemical Engineering, Jawaharlal Darda Institute of Engg. and Technology, Yavatmal- 445001, INDIA
Abstract: MCM-22 was used to synthesized different metal loaded catalyst by ion exchange of the respective ions into
MCM-22 at 900C. The prepared catalyst were used to catalyzed the benzylation of naphthalene with benzyl chloride
(BC). The catalyst activity increased with increased with increase in benzyl chloride to naphthalene mole ratio and
selectivity toward the mono-benzylated product increases. 40% Zn-MCM-22 has been found to be an efficient and
reusable catalyst for Freidel-Crafts alkylation reaction in high yield. In the current work, it is found that Zn modified
MCM-22 zeolite exhibit superior catalytic activity and shape selectivity. The catalyst is reusable. Selective monobenzylation
of naphthalene with benzyl chloride was achieved at 800C by using a novel micro-porous acid catalyst; Zn modified
MCM-22 zeolite, which is hexagonal mesoporous silica. The reaction is selective towards monobenzylated naphthalene.
Monobenzyl naphthalene are useful as intermediates for organic synthesis in the field of additives for lubricants, dyes,
antioxidants. The various reaction parameters were studied for liquid phase Freidel–Crafts alkylation.
Keywords: Liquid phase benzylation, naphthalene, Zn-MCM-22.
Modeling Pilot Plant Results for CO2 Capture by Aqueous K2CO3 Using Aspen
Plus
N. Sivarajasekar, K. BalaSubramani, R. Mary LeenuVaz, R. Sellakumar and R. Rajasekar
Department of Chemical Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode, INDIA
Abstract: Carbon di oxide capturing from flue gas of power stations is an effective way to mitigate the global warming.
Aqueous solutions of carbonate salts such as potassium carbonate are viable solvents for capture of CO2. Using an
absorber column, we have evaluated the reaction kinetics of CO2 absorption into a K2CO3 solution promoted with
monoethanolamine (MEA). Results calculated here show that at630 C, the addition of MEA at small quantities (15% by
wt.), accelerates the overall rate of absorption of CO2, in a (30% by wt.) potassium carbonate solvent. Using Aspen plus,
we have developed an NRTL model that can replicate pilot plan and simulate industrial capture process employing
K2CO3 promoted with MEA as the capturing agent.
Keywords: Potassium carbonate, CO2, MEA, Aspen Plus, NRTL method.
The effect of Perchloric acid and Sodium Perchlorate on Thiophene Aldehyde
DI-Isobutylacetal at the Temperature -200C
M. Easuraja and S. Augustin Raj
M.Kumarasamy College of Engineering, Thalavapalayam, Karur, Tamilnadu, INDIA
Abstract: The reaction of thiophenealdehyde di-isobutylacetal catalyzed by perchloricacid and sodium perchlorate in
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contrast to those catalyzed by Lewis acids, N-halocompounds etc., has received only little attention. Aliphatic acetals
give ether and alcohols as the major products, while aromatic homocyclicacetals yield esters and ethers as the main
products. This feature induced the authors to take up the title investigation.Perchloric acid and sodium perchlorateare
synthetically very useful reagents and vary widely in their acceptor synthon character and reactivity, hence their application
in the present work.
Keywords: Thiophene aldehyde di-isobutylacetal, perchloric acid and sodium perchlorateand ethanol.
Polymeric Drag Reduction in Turbulent Flow
Shaik Fareen and P.Venkatarao
Department of chemical engineering, AUCE (A), Visakhapatnam, AP, INDIA
Abstract: Drag reduction is an important aspect in fluid flow operations, because drag reduction leads to increase in
efficiency of operation during its transportation. So far different drag reduction techniques were practiced i.e., active and
passive methods. Under passive methods use of rib lets outer layer manipulators and convex curvatures were employed,
because it brings appropriate changes in geometry. Under active methods, drag reduction can be achieved by additives
like polymers, surfactants and non Newtonian rigid Fibers. By adding polymers leads to not only drag reduction but also
considerable savings in energy is being practiced. In the previous investigations polymer solutions are used for turbulent
drag reduction in vertical (Upward & downward) flows, flow through horizontal pipes, channels and coil tubing. Polymer
additives reduce the drag as well as the heat rate in thermal systems. Under turbulent flow conditions addition of polymers
were found to reduce hydrodynamic resistance. In the present study the effect of polymer addition on drag reduction was
expressed in terms of % reduction in efflux time. The variables influencing on efflux time were the geometrical shape of
the tank, height of liquid in the tank, the length of the pipe, number of exit pipes, the ratio of cross-sectional areas of tank
to pipe and concentration of polymer additives. In the present study the efflux time was verified with the friction factor
equation for fully developed turbulent flow through single pipe and is fine tuned with the experimental values. The
validity of fine tuned friction factor equation was also verified.
Keywords: Drag reduction, efflux time, friction factor, geometry, water soluble polymer.
Adsorption Studies on Malachite Green Dye
Y.suresh Babu, Shaik Fareen and P.Venkata Rao
Department of Chemical Engineering, AUCE(A), Visakhapatnam, AP, INDIA
Abstract: As malachite green MG, which is used in aquaculture and fisheries, is a carcinogenic and mutagenic compound.
In response to these health risks, many efforts have been focused on adsorption of MG onto various adsorbents, which is
a versatile and widely used technique for removing MG from water. In the present study method of adsorption was used
for the removal of malachite green (MG) by cassia siamea leaf powder. The Adsorption experiments were carried out in
a batch process by varying conditions of contact time, pH, initial dye concentration, adsorbent particle size, adsorbent
dosage and temperature and from the experimental results adsorption rate was increased with an increase in the contact
time, temperature, adsorbent dosage and decreased with an increase in the initial dye concentration and adsorbent particle
size. The results of the batch experiments revealed 60 min as equilibrium contact time and Equilibrium data was
mathematically modeled using the Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich and Temkin isotherm models. The
Adsorption kinetics of Malachite Green has also been studied in terms of pseudo first-order and pseudo-second order
kinetics.
Keywords: Isotherms, aqueous solution, malachite green dye, adsorbent size, dosage.
Overview of Comparative Study of Microwave and Conventional Synthesis and
Biological Activity of Pyrimidines
Chandak Shilpa1, Sharma Vimukta2 and Dubey Arti3
1Department
of Engineering Chemistry, VITS, Indore, MP, INDIA
B.M. College of Pharmacy, Indore, MP, INDIA
3Department of Chemistry, VIVA College Virar (west) Maharastra, INDIA
2Principal,
Abstract: Heterocyclic rings have played an important role in medicinal chemistry, serving as key templates central to
the development of numerous important therapeutic agents. Chalcone derivatives are important starting materials for the
synthesis of different classes of heterocyclic compounds such as pyrazolines, thiophenes and pyrimidines, etc. most of
these compounds are highly bioactive and are widely used in pharmaceutics. Pyrimidine derivatives play a vital role in
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many biological processes. Pyrimidines are six-member heterocyclic ring compounds composed of nitrogen and carbon.
Pyrimidine terms a combination of the words pyridine and amidine because of the structural similarity to those compounds.
They are present throughout nature in various forms and are the building blocks of numerous natural compounds. Pyrimidine
ring system is being present in nucleic acids, several vitamins, coenzymes, uric acid and some marine microorganisms
(e.g. Sponge). The nitrogen hetero cycles in general and pyrimidines in particular are found in several biologically active
natural products and depict considerable therapeutic potential. Chalcone derivatives have been prepared by condensation
of various substituted aryl aldehydes and acetophenone in alkaline ethanol, while pyrimidine-2-one derivatives have
been prepared by the combination of chalcones and urea under conventional and ultrasonic conditions. The compound
substituted ethyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-4-methyl-2-oxo/thioxo-6-phenyl-1-(4,6-diphenyl-1Himidazolyl-2-yl)pyrimidine-5carboxylates have been synthesized by condensing substituted Benzil and enthyl-1-formyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-4-methyl6-phenyl-2-oxo/thioxo-pyrimidine-5-carboxylates in the presence of ammonium acetate were dissolved in glacial acetic.
The quinolinylpyrimidine derivatives were prepared by the condensation of quinolinyl chalcones with urea (or thiourea)
under basic conditions by using both conventional and microwave heating. The wide applicability of microwave activation
in chemical reaction is due to cleaner products, higher yield, shorter reaction time, operational simplicity and minimization
of side reactions in recent years the microwave heating under solvent free reaction conditions on an inorganic solid
support is a better alternative to conventional methods. The effect of microwave irradiation in chemical reaction is a
combination of the thermal and non-thermal effect. Characterization and structural elucidation of the products have been
done on the basis of chemical, analytical and spectral analysis. The newly prepared pyrimidine derivatives were screened
for biological activities.
Keywords: Pyrimidine derivatives, Chalcone derivatives, Quinolinylpyrimidine, heterocyclic Biginelli compounds,
chemotherapeutic agents.
ISCA-ISC-2013-7EngS-Civil-01
Calcite crystals precipitation by Bacillus subtilis JC3 as a mechanism for
Strength improvement of Cement Mortar
V. Srinivasa Reddy1, A. Ramu1, M.V. Seshagiri Rao1 and Ch Sasikala2
1Dept.
of Civil Engineering, JNTUH College of Engineering, Kukatpally, Hyderabad-85, AP, INDIA
2Centre for Environment, JNTU, Hyderabad-85, AP, INDIA
Abstract: Precipitation of Calcite crystals by microorganism Bacillus subtilis JC3 has been investigated for its ability to
improve the strength and durability properties of cement mortar due to the growth of filler material within the pores of
cement-sand matrix when induced into the high pH environment of cement-sand. Bacillus subtilis through nitrogen cycle
precipitates calcium carbonate crystals metabolically by oxidative deamination of amino acids (ammonification). Different
cell concentrations were derived from the bacterial growth culture by serial dilution method. It was observed at cell
concentration more than 105cell/ml of water, strengths are reduced due to disruption of cement sand matrix integrity.
Thermogravimetric analysis showed that bacteria were able to precipitate CaCO3 crystals inside the pores of cementsand matrix. Viability of bacteria is tested in hardened cement mortar samples after a certain period of time. Confirmation
of calcite precipitation in the culture was done using laser Raman spectroscopy and was measured by the EDTA titration
method. Scanning Electron Microscopic and X-ray diffraction analyses illustrated both the crystal growth and presence
of the calcite crystals.
Keywords: Bacillus subtilis; calcite crystals; biomineralization; SEM and XRD, Thermogravimetric Analysis.
Study of Gap and Location of Impact Wall for the Design of Stilling Basin
Model
H. L.Tiwari1, V. K. Gahlot1 and Seema Tiwari2
1MANIT
2AISECT
Bhopal, MP, INDIA
University, Bhopal, MP, INDIA
Abstract: This paper investigates the role of gap over stilling basin beneath the impact wall impact in stilling basin
design for the enhancement of energy dissipation in order to protect the downstream structures from excessive scouring.
Experimental investigations (48 test runs) have been carried out for Froude numbers 3.85, 2.85 and 1.85 to evolve the
new stilling basin model by using the impact walls of different geometry at varying gap beneath the wall over basin for
dissipation of energy of flowing water for pipe outlets. Performance of outlet basins having impact wall of varying size
and location were evaluated based on dimensionless number called as performance index (PI), which is the ratio of
grains Froude number to scour index. Higher values of PI indicate better performance of the basin. It is observed that by
placing the appropriate impact wall size with proper gap at suitable location, the efficiency of basin improves.
Keywords: Energy, impact wall, outlets, performance index, stilling basin.
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Effect of Chemical Admixtures on Ultra High Strength Self Compacting
Fiber Reinforced Concrete
B. Narendra Kumar1 and P.Srinivasa Rao2
1Department
of Civil Engineering, VNR Vignana Jyothi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, INDIA
of Civil Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, INDIA
2Department
Abstract: A study has been made on the ultra high performance self compacting fiber reinforced concrete with mineral
admixtures such as quartz powder and micro silica and chemical admixtures like VMA and SP along with hooked end
steel fibers. With the above materials a M80 grade concrete is developed and tested for fresh state characteristics Flow
table, V-funnel, T5, and L-box tests and hardened properties such as Compressive strength, Flexural strength and SplitTensile strength. Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) was first developed in 1986 in Japan with an objective to improve
Durability of structures. Self Compacting Concrete relies on very high contents of cement paste and makes the structure
prone to shrinkage. To avoid this problem cement in SCC is needed to be partially replaced by fine filler material without
affecting the fresh and hardened properties. Now a day, there is a big concern about development of alternate materials
to be used in concrete. Experimental investigation is carried out to obtained the strength and flow characteristics by
using OPC 53 grade cement, Quartz powder, Micro silica, Quartz sand, Hooked end steel Fibers of length 30mm, 0.5mm
dia and 10 mm size granite aggregate. In this mixes cement has been replaced by 45%of quartz powder and rivers and
completely replaced by quartz sand in addition to 1.5%of fibers in powder content and varying chemical admixtures i.e
VMA and SP. The VMA % is varied from 0.5% to1.5% 0f powder content and SP varied from 0.5% to 2% of powder
content. This paper presents an experimental investigation on the effect of chemical admixtures such as (Superplasticizer
+ Viscosity modifying admixture) on the flow and strength properties UHPSCFRC.
Keywords: ultra high strength self compacting fiber reinforced concrete, Quartz Powder, Micro silica, Hooked end steel
fibers, super plasticizer, viscosity modifying admixture, Compressive strength, flexural strength.
Rheology of VG-40 Grade Bitumen prepared by New Process
Khusboo Arora, Uma Devi Rongali, Ambika Behl and P.K.Jain
CSIR-Central Road Research Institute and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research New Delhi-110025, INDIA
Abstract: Bitumen is used as binder for production of asphalt for road construction. IS:73-2013 specified four grades
such as VG-10, VG-20, VG-30 and VG-40. Indian refineries are producing only VG-10 and VG-30 grades which are not
adequate for prevailing climate and traffic conditions of India. Recent IRC standard focuses for use of VG-40 grade on
majority of Highways. Therefore an attempt has been made to develop VG-40 grade by considering alternate method to
meet the requirement of the industry. Studies are conducted on rheological and aging characteristics of VG-40 bitumen
to address performance parameters such as safety workability, rutting, thermal cracking and fatigue cracking. Studies
reveals that VG-40 prepared by alternate method meets the requirement of IS:73-2013 and ASTM performance grade
ASTM D:6367 standard. Details of result and discussion will be presented in the paper.
Keywords: Rheology, VG-40, grade, bitumen, prepared.
Mineralisation of Corundum at Gobbagurti: A Geoscientific Approach
Narayan Sangam1 and R. Pavanaguru2
1Vignan
Institute of Technology and Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad. AP, INDIA
2Department of Geology, Osmania University, Hyderabad. AP, INDIA
Abstract: Semi-precious Corundum, (ruby and abrasive variety) occurs in and around Lakshmipuram and Gobbagurti
areas of Khammam District of Andhra Pradesh. The area is within the Khammam Schist Belt., which is the northern
extension of the Nellore Schist Belt of the Indian Peninsular Shield. Local entrepreneurs extract corundum based on
certain faiths and beliefs since a long time. The nature of occurrence of corundum in these areas represents in-situ, float,
and placer concentrations. Corundum occurs along with biotite gneisses, amphibolites, and sillimanite-cordierite-diopsidebearing rocks, and magnesium-aluminium rich pelitic granulites. Tonalitic gneisses, cordierite- corundum rock and
sillimanite schists form small lenticular bodies. The host rocks of corundum are intruded younger pegmatite veins which
also have cut through the Precambrian suite of rocks. A detailed and comprehensive geological studies on the sporadic
occurrences of precious and semi-precious corundum over wide areas associated within the zones of metamorphosed
supracrustals has been attempted. Although corundum has been reported and excavated at different places in Konijerla
Mandal, no comprehensive model for its genesis has been evolved. In view of the complexities involved on the nature
147
and controls of mineralisation of corundum, in the mined out areas, as well as in the inaccessible virgin areas, particularly
the Gobbagurti Reserve Forest, systematic investigations comprising remote sensing, petro-mineralogical and geochemical
investigations were carried out to explore the geo-genetic relationship so as to identify newer occurrences in a similar
geological set-up.
Keywords: Mineralisation, corundum, gobbagurti, geoscientifi.
Structural Response of FRP Strengthened Post-Tensioned Concrete Beams
Revathy J. and Sriraman
Dept. of Civil Engineering, B.S.Abdur Rahman University, Chennai, INDIA
Abstract: The paper presents the results of an experimental study on the flexural strengthening of prestressed concrete
(PSC) beams strengthened with externally bonded Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) plates. The beam specimens used
for this study were post-tensioned unbonded and its overall dimensions were 150 x 250 x 3000 mm. The PSC beams
were strengthened with Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer and Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) plates with
different thicknesses. The beams were tested under a static gradual loading up to failure to examine its flexural behaviour.
The study parameters were first crack load, yield load, yield deflection, ultimate load, ultimate deflection, ductility,
failure mode and cracking pattern of the unbonded post-tensioned concrete beams externally bonded with FRP plates.
The study showed that the CFRP plates were found to be very effective in load carrying capacity, deflection and ductility
when compared to other beams. The test results showed that the CFRP strengthened PSC beam increased its load carrying
capacity by 36 % over the control beam. CFRP strengthened PSC beam showed an increase in ultimate deflection by
18% than the control beam. FRP rupture was observed in all the strengthened prestressed concrete beam specimens.
Keywords: CFRP, deflection, ductility, GFRP, strengthening.
Bacterial Contamination of open wells in Midland and Lowland belts of Central
Kerala
Amritha Thankachan, P. Jegathambal and A.J. Asmin
Water Institute, Karunya University, Coimbatore – 641114, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: The major objective of this study is to determine the safest distance between the septic tank and wells based on
the soil type and geology to prevent the bacterial contamination of open wells in midland and lowland belts of central
Kerala. Chalakudy municipality in Thrissur district was taken as the study area for midland. 17 open wells were selected
randomly but somewhat selectively. Kanakkan Kadavu village in Puthenvelikkara gramapanchayath was selected as the
study area for lowland belt. 7 open wells were selected from lowland. The study area in Chalakudy municipality consists
of nearly 3392 families and a population of 13077 members. The lowland study area consists of 2275 to 3000 families
and a population of 6000 to 6250. Collected samples are tested for Total coliforms, Faecal coliforms and presence of
E.coli bacteria by MPN (maximum probable number) method. In midland, total coliform count (TC) ranges from 240015 CFU/100ml of sample and faecal coliform count (FC) ranges from 2400-15 CFU/100ml of sample. No sample
contains E.coli bacteria. In lowland, TC count varies from 43-20 CFU/100ml of sample and FC count varies from 21-9
CFU/100ml of sample. It was observed that geology and soil type play major role in bacterial contamination of open
wells.
Keywords: Bacterial Contamination, Open wells, E-Coli.
Hydrogeochemical Assessment of Groundwater Quality and Investigation of
Saltwater Intrusion into Coastal Aquifers of Lower Cauvery Basin
R. Naveena, D.Rabeb, P. Jegathambal, S.Susan and S. Aswinkokkat
Water Institute, Karunya University, Coimbatore – 641114, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: Seawater intrusion is the encroachment of saline water into fresh groundwater domains in the coastal aquifer
settings. Seawater intrusion is of major concern while dealing with the development and management of coastal hydrology.
The quality of water available in the freshwater aquifers are highly deteriorated due to this phenomenon. This project
emphasises on the seawater intrusion in the Nagapattinam area of Tamilnadu. The study of coastal freshwater aquifers is
complex owing to its dynamic nature and lack of information available. Numerical models provide effective tool to
understand groundwater problems. Numeric models like FEFLOW and MODFLOW is used in the study to identify the
extend of seawater. Geospatial mapping which is a statistical method is used in the study so as to compare the model
results as well as to identify regions affected by saltwater intrusion. Layers were identified from the bore hole data. The
148
data were analysed ad model creation using MODFLOW has been done. Hydrochemical analysis of the water quality
data using AQUACHEM software shows the presence of sodium as the major cation and bicarbonate as the major anion.
The water is observed to be alkaline in nature with electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids exceeding the
standards. Spatial mapping for chloride, sodium, TDS and water level are prepared. The study results show higher
concentration of sodium, chloride and TDS near the coastal stretch which indicates the presence of seawater intrusion.
Proper management of freshwater and maintaining of natural equilibrium between freshwater and saltwater zones need
to be given prime importance.
Keywords: Saltwater intrusion, MODFLOW, AQUACHEM, coastal aquifer.
Cost Effective Water Purificiation using Moringa Oleifera seeds and Carbon
Nanotubes
Jegathambal, Midhun Mathew Santhosh, Jomson John, Jerin Sam Jenson and John Babu
Water Institute and School of Civil Engineering, Karunya University, Coimbatore – 641114, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: In Kerala, around 85% of all their wells are contaminated with E. Coli bacteria through industrial by-products
that move through main water sources and human waste. This causes the pollution to affect groundwater and in turn
contaminates the wells that people use to drink and use every day. Also the wells are not poorly constructed near by
septic tanks with no walls or concrete rings. Experimental investigations were carried out using CNTs and Moringa
Oleifera Seed extract to treat synthetic water samples prepared. It was observed that there is an average of 50% removal
of hardness, chlorides and turbidity by CNT, due to its high surface active site to volume ratio and controlled pore size
distribution. Since CNTs have unique property of highly conducting, there is an increase of 2-4% in electrical conductivity
values of the samples after adding CNTs. Moringa oleifera is known to be a natural cationic polyelectrolyte and flocculent
with a chemical composition of basic polypeptides containing up to six amino acids of mainly glutamic acid, methionine
and arginine. As a polyelectrolyte, Moringa seed powder removes hardness in water through adsorption and inter-particle
bridging. As hardness increases, the required dosage of Moringa oleifera seed powder increases. In this study, a cost
effective treatment method has been suggested to improve the quality of drinking water by removing hardness and EColi using Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs), nanoclay and Moringa Oleifera.
Keywords: Water purification, Carbon nanotubes, Moringa Oleifera seed extract, Water quality.
Reservoir Sedimentation and Concerns of Stake Holders
S. Venkateswara Rao1, P.G. Sastry2 and Vaishali G. Ghorpade3
1Civil Engineering, JB Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hyderabad, AP, INDIA
2Ramky
3Civil
Group, Somajiguda, Hyderabad, AP, INDIA
Engineering, JNTU College of Engineering, Anantapur, AP, INDIA
Abstract: Water resource’ across the world is becoming scarce element due to rising population and poor water management.
The world population already crossed 700 crores and the global water deficit to an extent of 40 percent is forecast by the
year 2030. For India, a deficit of 50 percent is forecast by the year 2030, with a projected annual water demand of 1500
cubic kilo- meters and water availability of 744 cubic kilo- meters. India’s greatest challenge is to set in place an efficient
system of river basin/ reservoir management to conserve every drop of water for useful means of mankind to meet the
present and future requirements. The reservoirs which are most dependable source of storage for extraction of water
depending on the priority requirements, are facing the problem of ‘sedimentation’ due to which they are losing their
storage capacities gradually. According to a survey during the year 2012 across 122 reservoirs in India, 0.44% of reservoir
storage is being replaced annually with sediment deposit. Sediment tends to accumulate at all levels within the reservoir,
with the specific accumulation pattern varying from one site to other. A wide range of sediment related problems include
storage loss, delta deposition, environmental pollution, earthquake hazards etc., are to be tackled with different sediment
management techniques. For sustainable development of water resources, the major stake holders including Reservoir
owners, beneficiary farmers, domestic/ industrial consumers, agencies connected to tourism/ fisheries and research
organizations etc., shall come together and formulate solutions to the problem of sedimentation. Various consequences
due to sediment trapping and the relative impact on the environment have been discussed in the present study with
conclusions for sustainable long- term utilization of Reservoirs.
Keywords: River basin/ reservoir management, sediment deposit, storage loss, delta deposition, sediment trapping.
149
ISCA-ISC-2013-7EngS-Electrial-01
An Efficient Implementation of ML-M-SISO Decoder for Wireless ApplicationOFDM
Umamaheswari .R1 and P. Nirmal Kumar2
1Anna
2Department
University, Chennai, INDIA
of ECE, Anna University, Chennai, INDIA
Abstract: This paper presents a Max-Log Maximum a Posteriori (ML-MAP) decoder using Soft Input Soft Output
(SISO) methodology. The proposed decoder is implemented in wireless application specifically for OFDM. The proposed
decoder has overcome the numerical representation complexity and maximum logic gates implementation difficulties in
MAP and Log-MAP algorithm respectively in the existing system. The increase in performance has been found by
implementing the ML-M-SISO decoder in OFDM. The proposed decoder is developed using Verilog HDL and implemented
in ALTERA CYCLONE IV E. The performance evaluation has been made in relation to latency, area and power.
Index Terms: ML-MAP, Log-Map, SISO, OFDM
ISCA-ISC-2013-7EngS-Mech-01
Modeling of two Stroke Spark Ignition Engine using Nanosized Copper Coated
Catalytic Converter with Improved Design
Thakur Mukesh1, and Saikhedkar N.K.2
1Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Rungta College of Engineering and Technology, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, INDIA
of Mechanical Engineering, Raipur Institute of Technology, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, INDIA
2Department
Abstract: This research paper basically deals with the behavioral modeling of two stroke engine with nanosized copper
coated catalytic convertor. An innovative design of catalytic converter for two-wheeler automobiles is proposed using
nano-particle as a catalyst. The converter uses two different types of catalyst, reduction and oxidation catalyst. This
paper deals with modeling for two stroke engine with nanosized copper coated catalytic converter. The basic idea of
behavioral modeling starts from analyzing the practical behavior of two stroke engine and designed catalytic convertor,
and then approximating obtained behavior in terms of mathematical equations. These obtained equations actually represent
behavior of concern system. The proposed method is very effective in the prevention of environmental pollution contributed
from two-wheeler automobiles. It involves the use of copper nano-particle which is cheaper than the platinum, palladium
and rhodium nano-particles used in automobiles.
Keywords: Automobile pollution; catalytic converter; modeling; nanotechnology.
Unmanned Armed Remote controlled Robot for security applications
T. Balaji and M.R. Stalin John
SRM university/Department of robotics, Chennai, INDIA
Abstract: My military robot has got two barrel turret through which bullet can be fired; radio camera in synchronization
with the turret can rotate up and down, left and right up to a safe firing limit. Turret and camera mechanism has been
installed on my robot vehicle, An unmanned remote controlled robot comprising mainly the vehicle, the Ground Control
Station (GCS) and the operator will be designed and developed with the main feature being the good payload, high
intensity cameras for day and night reconnaissance equipment, electronic warfare machinery and modern
telecommunication technology for long distance communication between the vehicle and mission commands which has
all the function like tank, turning to any angle on its axis, moving forward and reverse turning left and right, running
instantly into reverse direction. This robot is radio operated; self-powered, has image processing facility and has all the
controls like a normal car. A pair of laser gun has been installed on it, so that it can fire on enemy remotely when required;
this is not possible until a wireless camera is installed. Wireless camera will send real time video and audio signals which
could be seen on a remote monitor and action can be taken accordingly. It can silently enter into enemy area and send us
all the information through its tiny Camera eyes. It is designed for, fighting as well as suicide attack.
Keywords: ISO, robot, DARPA, DSTA, RF, camera.
Black Titanium in Aerodynamics
A.B.Sibi Varghese
Mechanical Engineering, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: Designing a aircraft posing a great challenge to India. In literature many complicated techniques used by other
150
advanced countries. But understanding those techniques is little complicated, making a aircraft which reduces radar
cross section is quite impossible, American aircraft SR71 have done radar signal absorption system by using black color
.In this work semi sphere structure With the black coat is designed and analyzed by using cat ion software and also radar
signal absorption have been done
Keywords: Black body, titanium, semi sphere design wings, radar cross section method.
Experimental Investigation of Diesel Engine Using Jatropha and
Karanja oil as a Bio-diesel in different Esters
R. Senthil Kumar1 and M. Prabu2
1Mechanical
2Mechanical
Engineering, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Engineering, Prist University, Kumbokonam, Tamil Nadu INDIA
Abstract: This paper presents the suitability of Jatropa and karanja methyl ester oil as a source of renewable fuel
substituting petro diesel in CI engine. The properties of esterified Jatropha and karanja oil are closer to diesel properties.
The idea of using vegetable oils as fuel for diesel engines is not new. With the advent of cheap petroleum, appropriate
crude oil fractions were reined to serve as fuel and diesel fuels and diesel engines evolved together. In the 1930s and
1940s vegetable oils were used as diesel fuels from time to time, but usually only in emergency situations. Investigations
have been done with vegetable oil as a fuel in a compression ignition engines, even though still there are barriers to use
vegetable oil as a fuel. This paper investigates the scope of utilizing biodiesel developed through the various biodiesel
developed through dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, dibutyl ether, lascorbic acid as a alcohols used for manufacturing it in
different proportion of EGR .However, a number of operational and durability problems of utilizing straight vegetable
oils in diesel engines reported in previous studies, which are because of their increased viscosity and poor volatility
compared to conventional diesel fuel. This paper investigates the performance and emission characteristics of a 80%
blend of ethyl, methyl and butyl esters of Jatropha and Karanja oil with diesel. The results clarified that the performance
and emission characteristics of a 80% blend methyl esters EGR of jatropha oil were superior than all other fuels. The
results observed were slight reduction of brake thermal efficiency and reduction of hydrocarbon emission, carbon monoxide
emission, and smoke emission with increase in carbon dioxide emission. From the investigation it can be concluded that
biodiesel can be used as an alternative to diesel in a compression ignition engine without any engine modifications.
Keywords: Dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, butyl ether, Jatropha, Karanja.
Performance, Emission and Combustion analysis of C.I engine using Sea lemon
oil as a Biodiesel with different Injection timing and Injection pressure
R. Senthil Kumar1 and M. Prabu2
1Annamalai
2Prist
University, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
University, Kumbokonam, Tamil Nadu INDIA
Abstract: The current paper reports the engine performance, combustion and emissions from a direct injection compression
ignition engine operated with different injector opening pressure (IOP) and injection timing (IT) with Sealemon oil
methyl ester(SLOME) and Diethyl ether. The engine was run on three different IP 150,170,190, 230 and 250bar 19deg,
21deg, 23deg, 25deg, 27deg bTDC along with 210 bar The biodiesel was prepared from neat oils and blends prepared
with diesel. up till 20 percent of biodiesel. Produced blends were tested for their use as a substitute fuel for diesel in a
single cylinder diesel engine at varying loads. On the other hand, the performance, combustion and emission characteristics
of B25 blend fueled direct injection compression ignition engine performed better for entire load range of operation.
BTE of blend B25 fueled compression ignition engine has increased when operated with IOP 230bar. On other hand
blend B25 fueled direct injection compression ignition engine showed better performance with reasonable higher brake
thermal efficiency and lower BSEC, better combustion and emission when compared to biodiesel and diesel fuel. A fully
automated single-cylinder, water-cooled, constant speed direct injection diesel engine was used for experiments. HC,
NOx, CO, and smoke of the exhaust gas were measured to estimate the emissions. Various engine performance parameters
such as thermal efficiency, and brake specific fuel consumption were calculated from the acquired data The fueled direct
injection compression ignition engine showed better performance with reasonable higher brake thermal efficiency and
lower BSEC, combustion and emission when compared to biodiesel and diesel fuel. Fuel consumption was increased
with increase in blend proportions. It is found that the emission level of co and HC decreased with increased in proportion
in diesel fuel.
Keywards: Sealemon oil methyl ester, Injection pressure, Injection timing, Diesel engine, Biodiesel, Diethyl ether.
151
ISCA-ISC-2013-7EngS-Textile-01
Artificial Neural Network models for the Prediction of air Permeability of
Handloom fabrics
Mitra A.
Visva-Bharati University, Dept. of Silpa-Sadana, P.O. - Sriniketan, Dist - Birbhum, WB – 731236, INDIA
Abstract: Generally, the air permeability of a fabric can influence its comfort behaviours in several ways. The air
permeability of a fabric is a measure of how well it allows the passage of air through it. Porosity and air permeability are
vital properties in some end-use applications such as filtration, thermal insulation and fluid barriers. The application of
various permeability tests to textiles and textile materials has been practiced in the industry for years, and determining
permeability and porosity have long been subjects of interest in this field. In this paper an attempt has been made to
extend the application of artificial neural network in engineering the air permeability of handloom cotton plain fabrics.
Five basic fabric constructional parameters namely ends per inch (EPI), picks per inch (PPI), warp count (Ne), weft
count (Ne) and fabric GSM (g/m2) have been used as the inputs of the ANN models and the only output was the fabric air
permeability. ANN models with different number of nodes ranging from 6 to 12 in the single hidden layer were tried in
this study. Out of the seven models tried, the ANN model with 9 nodes in the hidden layer gave best performance with
correlation coefficient of 0.977 and 0.929 and mean absolute error of prediction of 1.137% and 2.051% only for training
and testing respectively. Importance of fabric constructional parameters on air permeability of fabrics has also been
analyzed by conducting an input saliency test for the ANN model. Warp count (Ne), PPI and EPI were found to be the
first three most important fabric construction parameters in descending order of importance in predicting air permeability
of handloom plain woven cotton fabrics.
Keywords: Artificial neural network, Air permeability, Handloom fabrics.
Studies on thermal behavior of cotton and eri/acrylic blended fabrics using Box
and Behnken Design of Experiment: A guidance to engineer winter clothing
Choudhuri Prabir Kumar1 and Majumdar Prabal Kumar2
1Visva
2Government
Bharati University, Silpa-Sadana, Sriniketan- 731236, W.Bengal, INDIA
College of Engineering and Textile Technology, Serampore, 712201, W.Bengal, INDIA
Abstract: Eri silk fibre is reported to have excellent thermal insulation character and the fabrics made of eri silk yarn is
popularly used as warmth giving apparels but its availability is mainly confined in north-eastern states in India only. On
the other side acrylic fibre which is comparatively cheaper has already established its presence for making warmth
giving fabrics. This paper deals with the manufacturing of plain woven fabrics made of eri / acrylic blended yarn and to
conduct an in-depth study on the effect of blend composition and yarn parameters like yarn count (Ne) and twist on its
thermal behavior. The Box and Behnken model of Design of Experiment for three variables and three levels, a popular
statistical tool has been used to study the influence of chosen factors. The fitted regression equations has been found to
be linear in nature indicating the presence of independent effect of yarn fineness, twist and eri content in the blended yarn
over thermal insulation value with strong degree of association. The effects of yarn count, twist and proportion of eri in
blends have been well justified using response surface methodology.
Keywords: Acrylic, Design of Experiment, Eri silk, Surface and Contour plot, Thermal Insulation Value.
Innovative Eco-Safe Dyeing of Jute using rhamnaceae Family based Natural
Dye
Bipin J. Agrawal
Department of Textile Chemistry, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda,
Vadodara, INDIA
Abstract: The utilization of synthetic dyestuff for the colouration of various textile fibers on commercial scale is quite
successful due to their low cost, ease of production as well as application. However, the fact that these synthetic dyes are
carcinogenic in nature and are causing tremendous threat to the environment has led to the revival of the environmental
friendly natural dyestuffs. Being eco-friendly, the natural dyes have a potential to gain importance commercially in the
coming future. The present study deals with the application of a natural dye pertaining to the Rhamnaceae family. The
natural colourant was extracted from the fallen, dried leaves of the tree and was applied onto the mordanted jute substrate
using exhaust dyeing technique. Various metallic mordants were used for the study and were applied by pre-, simultaneous152
and post-mordanting techniques. These mordants play an important role in obtaining a desired shade on a particular
substrate. The colour strength of the dyed samples (both mordanted as well as unmordanted) was evaluated
spectrophotometrically. The fastness properties of the dyed samples were found to be quite good. The washing fastness
was rated as excellent for mordanted and dyed fabrics. The rubbing fastness, particularly dry rubbing fastness was found
to be adequate for all the dyed fabrics.
Keywords: Rhamnaceae family, jute substrate, exhausts dyeing, metallic mordants, shades.
Energy Efficient Low-Temperature Dyeing of Nylon with Cationic Dyes
Bipin J. Agrawal
Department of Textile Chemistry, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda,
Vadodara, INDIA
Abstract: The cost of energy is constantly increasing at a fast pace and is becoming a significant share of the total cost
of processing textiles. Among various wet processing operations, the dyeing process alone consumes more than 50% of
the energy. Thus, it is essential to utilize various techniques to reduce the energy consumption during dyeing. One such
aspect is to lower down the temperature of dyeing so that energy consumption can be minimized. Nylon is usually dyed
with acid dyes, basic dyes, disperse dyes, reactive dyes; the dyeing of nylon is normally performed with these dyestuffs
at near boiling temperatures, leading to high energy consumption. In the present study, the application of cationic dyes
on to nylon substrate has been performed in the presence of various inorganic salts, viz. sulphates of sodium, zinc and
nickel metals. When inorganic salts are incorporated in the dyebath, the dyeing is achieved at considerably lower
temperatures with enhanced dye-uptake. Moreover, it has also been observed that such low-temperature dyeing also
solves the moiré as well as shrinkage problems, which are mainly associated with high temperature dyeing of nylon
materials. The colour strength of the dyed samples has been evaluated spectrophotometrically in terms of K/S values.
The effect of inorganic salts on the colour strength values and various fastness characteristics has been studied on
various nylon samples.
Keywords: Nylon, inorganic salt, cationic dye, colour strength, fastness characteristics.
Studies of Enzymatic Pretreatment and its Effects of on Dyeing of Flax with
Direct Dye
J.N. Shah
Department of Textile Chemistry, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, INDIA
Abstract: Pretreatment of flax fabric was performed using various enzymatic systems as well as conventional alkali
treatment to obtain different weight loss level. Three enzymes with different activity were employed in this study. Enzymatic
pretreatment was optimized. Pretreatment performance of optimized samples was assessed through absorbency, whiteness
index and flexural rigidity and compared with that of conventional caustic treated one. These fabric samples were dyed
with three structurally different Direct dyes to study the effects of enzymatic pretreatment on dyeing behavior. The
dyeing characteristics were analyzed by various techniques namely, color strength (in terms of K/S value), fastness
properties and evenness. Color strength, fastness properties and levelness of enzyme pretreated dyeing were found to be
well comparable or even superior to that of conventional alkali pretreated samples.
Keywords: Flax, enzyme, pretreatment, dyeability, direct dye.
Decoloration of Textile Wastewater through Microbial Processes-A Review
S.R. Shah1 and J.S. Shah2
1Dept.
of Text Chem., Fac of Tech and Engg, The M S Uni of Baroda, GJ, INDIA
2Dept. of Chemical Technology, Fac of Tech, Dharamsinh Desai University, Nadiad, GJ, INDIA
Abstract: Textile industry utilises large amount of synthetic colors in their dyeing and printing operations. Minor amount
of color traces present in wastewaters can be visualised easily and rendered ecological balance of land water. Decoloration
of textile wastewaters is gaining lot of interest by researchers and industralists. Physico-chemical means of color removal
techniques have been reported in many literatures and few of them were accepted by industries also. High cost (installation
and maintance), handling problem of sludge, sensitivity to various colors etc are the main constrains associated with the
said techniques. Microbial means is the best substitute and gainig importance in the textile industries. Color removal
through microbial process is a cost effective, less polutant, no sludge generation and easy to handle. Recent researches
revealed the wide range of microbials capable to remove color from textile wastewater. In the said article, color removal
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through various microbial routs has been elaborated. Further, the mechanism of decoloration and favorable conditions
were also highlighted.
Keywords: Decoloration, textile, wastewater, microbial processes.
Nanoparticles in the Textile Industry
Jiøí Militký and Dana Køemenáková
Department of Textile Materials, Textile Faculty, Technical University of Liberec, 46117 Liberec, CZECH REPUBLIC
Abstract: Nanosize particles can exhibit unexpected properties different from those of the bulk material. The basic
premise is that properties can dramatically change when a substance’s size is reduced to the nanometer range. The
applications of nanoparticles as e.g. carbon black or some finishing agents in textile industry has long tradition but are in
fact not part of nanotechnology. Typical feature of nanotechnology in textile is to use nanoparticles with some systematical
arrangements. In the first part of this paper the main features of nanotechnology are summarized. Core part is devoted to
the description of nanoparticles behavior due to their small dimensions. The problem of nanoparticles stabilization is
denoted. Selected applications of nanoparticles in the textile field are mentioned.
Keywords: Nanoparticles, Textile Industry.
Complex Characterization of Fabric Total Appearance by Computational Tools
Srabani Misra, Jiri Militky, Rajesh Mishra and Dana Kremenakova
Department of material engineering, Faculty of textile engineering, Technical university of Liberec, Studentska, Liberec,
CZECH REPUBLIC
Abstract: Fabric appearance is very essential for characterizing and determining the acceptability of textile products.
Drape, pilling, texture and wrinkle are recognized as major aesthetic attributes of a woven apparel fabric and measured
by the digital image processing technique. An integrated total appearance value is estimated from these attributes after
judiciously evaluating the fractional contribution of individual parameter with an expert opinion. The individual attribute
measured by the image processing method holds very good correlation with the conventional method of measurement.
The newly evaluated degree of satisfaction (DS), which is normalized total appearance, also gives a very strong correlation
with overall appearance of the fabric subjectively assessed by the experts.
Keywords: Degree, satisfaction, drape, pilling, texture, wrinkle, total appearance.
Unconventional Methods to Study Thermodynamics of Aerogel Treated Fabrics
Mohanapriya Venkataraman, Rajesh Mishra and Jiri Militky
Dept. of material engineering, Faculty of Textile Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, CZECH
REPUBLIC
Abstract: In this work, the thermal properties of Polyetser/polyethylene bicomponent nonwoven thermal wraps of varying
thicknesses treated with aerogel were compared. The SEM images were also taken to compare the physical structure of
the aerogel treated fabrics. Specific thermal properties like thermal conductivity, thermal resistance and thermal effusivity
were measured using C-Therm TCi thermal conductivity anlayzer. Heat transfer caused by thermal conductivity of the
thermal wraps was measured by Particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurement technique which allows obtaining
information about the current distribution of velocities in two-dimensional array in a flowing fluid. Vector and scalar
maps of the fluid flow developed by the thermal convection above the textile sample for different temperature gradients
was also studied. These tests were conducted to understand behavior of thermal properties of aerogel treated nonwoven
fabrics treated with amorphous silica aerogel. The results of the experiments were statistically analyzed and found to be
significant.
Keywords: Unconventional, thermodynamics, aerogel, treated fabrics.
Curcumin Application on Natural Cellulosic Fibers: An Environmental Benign
Process
S. R. Shah
Dept. of Textile Chemistry, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara-390 001, INDIA
Abstract: The present article reveals the pretreatment of natural cellulosic fibers with enzymes and application of
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natural dye extracted from curcuma longa L. powder. In the first part of the paper, characteristics of enzymatic pretreated
cellulosic fibers have been investigated and compared with conventional process. In the second part, methanolic extract
of curcuma longa L. powder was applied on above pretreated samples with different mordant and evaluated in terms of
color strength and fastness properties. It was found that dyeing obtained with methanolic extract of curcuma longa L.
powder in presence of mordant have better color strength and have moderate to good fastness properties. Further, the
efficiency of different mordant were also compared and found that heavy metal mordant can be successfully replaced
with natural mordant leading to environmentally friendly process of dyeing with curcumin powder.
Keywords: Curcumin, application, natural, cellulosic fibers, environmental.
Development of Jute Geotextiles in Combating Geotechnical Problems
S. K. Ghosh1, T. Sanyal2, M. M. Mondal1 and R. Bhattacharyya1
Institute of Jute Technology, C.U., Kolkata, West Bengal, INDIA
1DJFT,
2National
Jute Board, Kolkata, West Bengal, INDIA
Abstract: Geotextiles made of natural fibres like jute have been found to be effective in improving geotechnical
characteristics of soil and are being extensively used for various technical end-uses viz. rural road construction, protection
of river banks, stabilization of embankments, erosion control, management of slopes, consolidation of soft soils etc.
Over the years several research and developmental studies alongwith different projects of national and international
status have been carried out to establish the efficacy of jute geotextile (JGT) in satiating the geotechnical requirements.
One such encouraging response is CFC/IJSG/21 Project, funded by Common Fund for Commodities, Netherlands and
its execution is being carried out jointly by the two neighbouring countries India and Bangladesh. The overall objective
of the project is to determine and demonstrate the effectiveness of jute geotextile in the two pre-identified promising
applications like rural road construction and soil erosion control to demonstrate their competitiveness with the othermanmadematerials generally in use. In execution of the project, Department of Jute and Fibre Technology (DJFT), University
of Calcutta had been mainly entrusted with the testing of the different samples produced by the different Jute Mills of
West Bengal, India as per the specifications laid by National Jute Board, Ministry of Textile, Govt. of India, the Project
Executing Agency (PEA). DJFT has carried out all of the testing work of the woven JGT samples required for the
specified geotechnical applications and made a comprehensive test report and comparative analysis of the test results.
The Project Investigator has shared the test results with the PEA, time to time, alongwith the different Facilitating
Agencies (FAs) of India for the purpose of finalisation of specification of the Jute Geotextile for the above mentioned
three specific applications. The testing of the developed JGT samples of different functional categories is followed by
respective field trials along with vigilant monitoring process at different sites to evaluate their performance for the
purpose of standardization of the same to fulfil the requirement of global acceptance. One of the prime criteria for global
recognition of the reports and analysis of the test results of the samples carried out by any laboratory is to get accredited
by a statutory certifying body of national or international status following any testing standard like ASTM, CEN etc.
Heading in this direction, DJFT, IJT, CU has already undertaken a project under the supervision of National Jute Board
(NJB), MoT, GoI alongwith Indian Rubber Manufacturers Research Association (IRMRA), Mumbai, India, as consulting
agency to get their geotextile laboratory National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL)
accredited and is undergoing the procedure for getting NABL certified. The testing of the exhumed samples is also
taking place simultaneously for assessing the performance and sustainability of the developed products.
Keywords: Jute Geotextile, ASTM standards, Geotechnical Engineering, NABL, CEN.
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Distribution of Organic Compounds (PAHs and BTEX) and Heavy Metals
(Pb, Zn, Fe, Cd) in an Oil Impacted Soils, Rivers State Nigeria
Osu Charles. I.1 and Okoro I.A2
1Department
of Pure and industrial Chemistry, University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State NIGERIA
2Department of Chemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, NIGERIA
Abstract: This paper deals with the distributions of organic Compounds; Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and
benzene toluene ethylbeneze xylene (BTEX)) and heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Fe, Cd) concentrations in an oil impacted soils
of Rivers State, Nigeria. The concentrations of organic compounds ranged from 597.340 ± 0.02- 896.784 ± 0.011 Mg/
Kg, for total PAHs; 0.030 ± 0.006 – 0.057 ± 0.003 Mg/Kg, for BTEX and heavy metals ranged from 2.700 ± 0.002 –
3.960 ± 0.006 Mg/Kg, Pb; 0.460 ± 0.003 – 0.730 ± 0.007 Mg/Kg, Cd; 3.060 ± 0.003 – 3.92 ± 0.004 Mg/Kg, Zn and
92.040 ± 0.013 – 129.400 ± 0.031 Mg/Kg, Fe. Soil samples from Bonny had the highest total PAHs concentration
(773.213 ± 0.004 – 896.784 ± 0.011 Mg/Kg). The BTEX concentrations were of smaller values due to the time of crude
oil spillage. A total PAHs concentrations increase as depth of the soil increase and distributions of the heavy metals in the
various depths has no regular pattern.
Keywords: Oil spillage, PAHs, BTEX, Heavy metals and soils.
The Vulnerability of Dhaka City to Climate Change
M. Jahangir
Institute of Environment Science, University of Rajshahi, BANGLADESH
Abstract: This paper examines the vulnerability of different types of environmental impacts of Dhaka city to climate
change. Dhaka is situated within 2-13 meter from the sea level. Dhaka’s various characteristics of topography, geology
(unconsolidated fill material), numerous wetlands and flood-prone areas, old and new Dhaka’s unplanned and spiral
roads, old Dhaka’s powdered brick and lime stone made buildings, new Dhaka’s many buildings are not meeting the
building codes, interruptive electric supply, poor sanitation, drainage system and waste management together create
great ‘stress bundles’ that vulnerabilities emerge for the system. Decentralizations of industries and offices started for
few years, which can reduce the atmospheric temperature and population load of the city. The long-term trend in atmospheric
temperature of Dhaka (max.-8.9% and min. 105%) is increased in last 40 years. Severe traffic jam is the regular problem
on the city roads and high ways. Rainwater settled on the roads for few hours to a day. Whereas the trend of rainfall
intensity of last 37 years is reduced in Dhaka (9.68%) and the R2 (correlation coefficient) value of the area is very low
(0.0504). Facing 2030 Dhaka city need to adapt some important factors, these are- changing framework for commercial,
official and industrial areas, which will gather an environmental importance. For new constructions landfill will be more
than 1.5 meter from the sea level. The population is growing by an estimated 4.2 per cent per annum, so the city is
forming the wider metropolitan area. This paper describes these vulnerabilities in detail then discusses the implications
of the results for the city planners.
Keywords: Climate change, vulnerability, climate variability, natural disasters, megacity, urban poverty and urban planning.
Non-Biodegradable Solid Waste Pollution along Mahim Creek of Mumbai,
India
Singare P.U.*
Department of Chemistry, Bhavan’s College, Munshi Nagar, Andheri (West), Mumbai 400058, MS, INDIA
Abstract: Mahim Creek (locally known as Bandra ki Khadi) is a creek in Mumbai, India. The famous Mithi River
drains into the creek which finally drains into the Mahim Bay. The creek which forms the boundary between the city and
suburbs is swamped by mangroves and has a mini ecosystem within it. It is the only Creek which balances the water level
of Mumbai during heavy rainfall and during Mumbai monsoon time. In recent years, the mushrooming of slums around
the Mahim creek has caused concern for the mangrove ecosystem, which are vital to the ecosystem of Mumbai.
Understanding the existing status, an attempt was made to quantify the accumulation of three important types of NonBiodegradable Solid Waste (NBDSW) material namely plastics, synthetic rubber and glass along the Mahim Creek of
Mumbai. The study was performed before and after spring tide for the period of five months i.e. from October 2010 to
February 2011. It was observed that plastics were the major dominating NBDSW materials contributing to 71 % and 55
%, while contribution of synthetic rubber was found to be 26 % and 41 % during first and second sampling respectively.
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Also it was observed that contribution of synthetic rubber and glass materials was more after the spring tide as compared
to that of before. These solid waste pollutants from various sources are affecting the mangrove ecosystem. Although
most of these NBDSW materials can be controlled by recycling and incineration, the issue pertaining solid waste pollutants
along the Mahim Creek seems to be completely neglected. On the basis of the findings, it is suggested that accumulation
of plastics and synthetic rubber can be controlled by recycling and incineration, while accumulation of glass can be
controlled only by recycling. Further the pollution due to NBDSW materials along the creek can be avoided be clearing
them at the point source itself, by relocating and controlling the encroachment by hutments along the creek. The results
of present study point out the need to make serious changes in our approach to waste management and disposal.
Keywords: Solid Waste, NBDSW, quantification, synthetic rubber, plastics, mahim creek, Mumbai.
A Study on Removal Characteristics of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solution by
Bio-Waste Maize Husk
A. Khan and C.K.Yadav
P.G.Department of Chemistry, Purnea College, Purnea, Bihar, INDIA
Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate the optimum possible utilization of agrobiowaste maize husk as a low
cost ecofriendly bioadsorbent. Batch experiments were carried out to evaluate the removal characteristics of heavy
metals namely lead, cadmium, zinc and copper by using maize husk under various metal concentrations at different pH
and dose of adsorbent as well as contact time. Experiments were also conducted without adsorbent or blank experiment
to compute the extent of heavy metal removal by precipitation. Zeta potential of adsorbent also taken into cnsideration at
various pH and Freundlich adsoption model was employed. The results explore that the ecofriendly bioadsoebent maize
husk could be use as a low cost or almost free for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution or waste water.
Keywords:-Agrowaste- Maize husk, Adsorption, Heavy metals, waste water.
Growth and Phyto-Extraction Behavior of Pulp Wood Trees in Textile Sludge
Applied Soils
M. Umadevi1 and S. Avudainayagam2
1Dept.
2Dept.
of Ecology and Environment, Forest College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agriculture Uni, Coimbatore, TN, INDIA
of Environmental Sci., Agriculture College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agriculture Uni., Coimbatore, TN, INDIA
Abstract: An Investigation were carried out at Forest College and Research Institute, Mettupalayam, to study and
compare the effect of terry towel textile sludge application on fast growing pulp wood tree species raised under sandy
loam and clay loam soils. The experiment was laid out in a Factorial Completely Randomized Block Design with two
soil types viz., sandy loam soil (C1) and clay loam soil(C2), three fast growing pulp wood tree species viz., Casuarina
junghuhniana (S1), Eucalyptus tereticarnis (S2) and Leucaena leucocephala (S3) and six treatments having various
dosage of terry towel textile sludge and FYM viz., T1 (Control), T2 (36 g FYM), T3 (72 g sludge - recommended dose),
T4 (36 g FYM + 72g sludge - recommended dose), T5 (108g sludge - higher dose)) and T6 (36g sludge - lower dose). The
biometrical parameters like shoot length, root length, dry weight of shoot and root, collar diameter and total dry matter
production were taken at different stages like 60,120 and 180 Days after Sowing (DAS). The uptake of the above said
heavy metals by different tree seedlings particularly in different parts like root, stem and leaves were also analyzed at the
end of the experiment. Among the sludge and FYM treatments, T4 exhibited significantly higher growth and total dry
matter production in all species grown under sandy loam and clay loam soils. Similarly, the uptake of trace metals like
Cd, Ni and Pb were 0.15, 3.62 and 2.24 mg kg-1 respectively in T4 treatment. The comparisons among three species
revealed that Eucalyptus tereticarnis (S2), a non legume species responded well in sludge treated soils when compared
to Casuarina junghuhniana (S1) and Leucaena leucocephala (S3) which are leguminous species. The comparisons
between two soils have shown that sandy loam soil has performed significantly better to the application of sludge and
FYM than clay loam soil. Similarly, trace metals like Cd, Ni and Pb were recorded with 1.58, 5.68 and 3.58 mg kg -1 soil
respectively in sandy loam soil. The plants under sandy loam soil accumulated 0.15, 3.17 and 1.74 mg kg -1 of Cd, Ni and
Pb. However, the application of terry towel sludge has not significantly increased the concentration of trace metals (Cd,
Pb and Ni) in soil and also concentration in plants beyond permissible limits.
Keywords: Textile sludge, pulp wood tree species, sandy loam soil, clay loam soil, Growth and metal behavior.
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Influence of Cadmium and Chromium on Fast Growing Pulp Wood Tree
Species
M. Umadevi1 and S. Avudainayagam2
1Dept.
of Ecology and Environment, Forest College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agriculture Uni, Coimbatore, TN, INDIA
of Environmental Sci., Agriculture College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agriculture Uni, Coimbatore, TN, INDIA
2Dept.
Abstract: The fast growing species of She Oak (Casuarina junghuhniana Miq.) and The Forest Red Gum (Eucalyptus
tereticornis Sm.) are extensively grown as a pulp wood species in Tamil Nadu, India while The White Lead tree (Leucaena
leucocephala (Lam. de Wit) is identified as a secondary pulp wood species. The present study investigated the effects of
Cadmium (Cd) and Chromium (Cr III and Cr VI) on germination and growth of these species and assessed their metal
accumulation potential. The heavy metals were applied in the form of Cd(Cl2)2 , K2CrO4 and Cr(NO3)3.9H2O at variegated
concentrations viz., T1 (Control), T2 (25 mg L-1 Cd, 10 mg L-1 Cr (VI) and 25 mg L-1 Cr (III)), T3 (50 mg L-1 Cd, 20 mg
L-1 Cr (VI) and 50 mg L-1 Cr (III)) and T4 (100 mg L-1 Cd, 40 mg L-1 Cr (VI) and 50 mg L-1 Cr (III)) under controlled
conditions of light and temperature for 21 days. The biometrical parameters (germination percentage, dry weight of
shoot and root), biochemical parameters (the activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes) and uptake of trace metals by
the above said three species were analyzed. In all the three species, seed germination was not affected much by the trace
metals. However, in Leucaena leucocephala it was higher than control. While, in Eucalyptus tereticornis and Casuarina
junghuhniana it was less than control. Decline in growth and enzyme activity was recorded in all the three species after
25 mg L-1 and 10 mg L-1 and 25 mg L-1 for Cd, Cr (VI) and Cr (III) application respectively. Leucaena leucocephala was
most affected followed by Eucalyptus tereticornis. But, Casuarina junghuhnia showed tolerance towards trace metal
toxicity. Regarding uptake of trace metal, Eucalyptus tereticarnis accumulated more Cd, Cr (VI) and Cr (III) compared
to other species. In this study, Cr (VI) appeared to be more toxic to pulp wood tree species as compared to Cr (III) and
Cd at germination stage (21 DAS) and Cd got accumulated more in plants than Cr (III) and Cr (VI).
Keywords: Pulp wood trees, heavy metal uptake, enzyme activity.
Impact of idol Immersion on Water Quality of Kolar River in Saoner, Nagpur,
India
A. M. Watkar and M. P. Barbate
Department of Zoology, Bhalerao Science College, Saoner, Dist. Nagpur, Maharashtra, INDIA
Abstract: India is the country of rich cultural heritage and festivals. Peoples here celebrate festivals with great enthusiasm.
Among all the Indian festivals Ganesh Utsav and Durga Puja is celebrated by every community. These festivals end by
idol immersion in water. These idols are made up of degradable and non-degradable components and paints containing
heavy metals due to that immersion activity deteriorates water quality. The present study has been made to analyze the
physicochemical parameters of the river Kolar after idol immersion from two stations for analyzing the various
physicochemical parameters such as Temperature, pH, TDS, DO, Phosphate, Nitrate, BOD, COD, Oil and Grease, etc.
The work highlights the condition of this river water after idol immersion with respect to the parameters mentioned
above.
Keywords: Idol, immersion, Kolar, physic-chemical, Saoner.
Amendment of Acidic and Metal Contaminated soil by bio-char:
A Chemometric Evaluation
Shilpi Jain and Puja Khare
Agronomy-Soil Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O.–CIMAP, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot,
Lucknow, INDIA
Abstract: Bio-char, produced from the biomass has a good potential of soil conditioning and carbon sequestration. It
also act as adsorbent for divalent metals ions. In present investigation, an chemometric evaluation of amendment of
acidic soil by bio-char has been made. Principal components analysis, correlation, cluster and ANOVA were applied on
the leaching data of amended soil. Results indicates that amendment with biochar not only affect the neutralizing capacity
of the soil, but also change the dissolution process of various mineral matter and salts of the soils.
Keywords: Amendment, acidic, metal, contaminated, soil, bio-char, chemometric, evaluation.
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Preliminary study on Ulhas River Pollution-Assessment of Physico-Chemical
Parameters
P.U. Singare1 and A. Jadhav2
1Department
2Department
of Chemistry, Bhavan’s College, Munshi Nagar, Andheri (West), Mumbai, Maharashtra-400058, INDIA
of Chemistry, Shri Jagdishprasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University,Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan-333001, INDIA
Abstract: Ulhas River of Mumbai is considered as one of the most heavily polluted river which originates from Sahyadri
Hills near Khandala, further flows through the industrial areas of Badlapur, Ambarnath, Ulhasnagar, Ambivli, Kalyan
and Dombivli and finally meets the Arabian Sea. The study was performed during June 2013 to study the physicochemical parameters of water and sediment samples of Ulhas River. The sampling was made along the flow of Ulhas
River at two different sampling locations which receive waste water effluents from the nearby Dombivali industrial belt.
It was observed that the alkalinity, hardness, total solid content, phosphate, COD and BOD content was in the range of
520-1100 ppm, 107-126 ppm, 895-5040 ppm, 9.0-18.8 ppm, 255-510 ppm and 88-180 ppm respectively. The alkalinity
and phosphate content in sediment samples was found to be in the range of 3693-6119 ppm and 0.47-0.70 % respectively.
The experimental data suggests a need to generate and implement international standards to evaluate contamination
levels in industrial waste water effluent. The study also point out the probable threat to the river ecosystem in long term
well masked by short term economic prosperity.
Keywords: Physico-chemical properties, environmental pollution, industrial effluents, Dombivali, Ulhas River, Mumbai.
Study the stress of treated pharmaceutical effluent on Peroxidase, MDA and
Proline content of Brown gram (Cicer arietinum) and Moong (Vigna radiata)
Rathi Iti and Bafna Angoorbala
Dept. of Biochemistry, Govt. Holkar Science College, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, INDIA
Abstract: The influence of treated pharmaceutical effluent was studied on Peroxidase activity, MDA and Proline content
of Cicer arietinum and Vigna radiata seedlings. The seedlings were raised in petri plates soaked with different dilution of
treated pharmaceutical effluent (100%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 0%). The oxidative markers Peroxidase activity, MDA and
Proline content were analyzed on 7th day old seedlings. The Peroxidase activity, MDA and Proline content was least in
control (100%) as compared to other dilution showing that the treated pharmaceutical effluent had caused oxidative
stress in seedlings of Cicer arietinum and Vigna radiata.
Keywords: Pharmaceutical effluent, Cicer arietinum, Vigna radiata, seedlings, peroxidase activity, MDA, proline and
oxidative stress.
Air pollution Modeling for Human Exposure Predictions: A Review
Anita Dubey
Govt. M.L.B. College Bhopal, M.P. INDIA
Abstract: The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive theoretical review with regard to recent developments,
major research, computational methods and applications of air quality models. The development of models to assess air
pollution exposures in health studies has been identified as a priority area for future research. Air pollution from motor
vehicles is one of the most serious and rapidly growing challenge in urban areas of India (UNEP/WHO, 1992; CRRI,
1998). Along with CO2 emissions, significant quantities of CO, HC, NOx, SPM and other air toxins are emitted from
these motor vehicles in the atmosphere, causing serious environmental and health impacts. This study is based on the
necessity to understand the dynamics of air pollution with the aim of obtaining a precise estimation of the air pollution
through modeling. Air quality models (AQMs) are an important tool for understanding the behavior of pollutants in the
atmosphere and the relation among emissions, chemistry and deposition of pollutants. Modeling is a set of scientific
methods that are used to analyze the complicated processes that govern the behavior of pollutants in the atmosphere. The
air quality models can be classified as point, area or line source models depending upon the source of pollutants, which
it models. In India various Gaussian based line source models like CALINE 3 and 4, GM and HIWAY 2 are routinely
used to predict the impact of vehicular pollution along the roads/highways. A wide range of topics is covered, focusing
on sources of air pollution, pollutants, chemistry, chemical transport models, computational methods for dispersion
modeling. Each of these elements is comprehensively discussed, covered, and reviewed with respect to various literature
and methods related to air quality modeling and applications. The paper includes several comparison summaries among
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various models used in air quality study and study of alternative air quality and human exposure metrics applied in recent
air pollution health effect. In this paper current generation of air quality models and future directions are also discussed
which help for scientists who work in air quality modeling field.
Keywords: Air pollution, Air quality models, pollutants, computational methods.
Studies on Heavy Metal content in the Industrial Effluents released along the
MIDC Industrial Belt of Dombivali City of Mumbai, MS, India
P.U. Singare1and S.S.Dhabarde2,3
1Department
of Chemistry, Bhavan’s College, Munshi Nagar, Andheri (West), Mumbai, Maharashtra 400058, INDIA
of Chemistry, K.V. Pendharkar College, Dombivali (East), Dist. Thane, Maharashtra 421201, INDIA
3Department of Chemistry, Pacific University of Higher Education and Research University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, INDIA
2Department
Abstract: The study was performed to understand the discharge scenario of the toxic heavy metals like copper (Cu),
nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), Iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) in industrial effluents from Pharmaceutical, Textile, Oil
and Surfactant, Agrochemical, Metallurgical, Dyeing, and Fine chemical manufacturing industries. The study was carried
for a period of one year from June, 2012 to May, 2013 along the industrial belt located at Dombivali city of Mumbai,
Maharashtra. In the effluent samples collected from all of the above industries were found to be rich in Fe having
concentration of 7.68, 27.98, 9.11, 31.74, 14.40, 37.70 and 51.14 ppm respectively. The Cu content was maximum of
22.53 ppm in the effluent sample collected from dyeing industries, while Ni content was maximum of 1.10 ppm in
effluents from textile industries. The Cr and Pb content were found to be maximum of 4.83 and 13.14 ppm in effluents
released from oil/surfactants and dyeing industries respectively. The Zn content was found to be maximum of 9.49 ppm
in fine-chemical industrial effluents. The experimental data suggests a need of consistent, internationally recognized
data driven strategy to assess the quality of waste water effluent and generation of international standards for evaluation
of contamination levels. The existing situation if mishandled can cause irreparable ecological harm in the long-term well
masked by short term economic prosperity.
Keywords: Heavy Metal, Industrial Effluents, MIDC, Industrial Belt, Dombivali, Mumbai, Maharashtra.
Biosulphidogenesis and Bioaccumulation of Sulphate by
Aeromonashydrophilaisolated from hot water Spring
Sonali Patil, Anju Unnithan and Geetha Unnikrishnan
Department of Biotechnology, Birla College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Kalyan, Maharashtra, INDIA
Abstract: A unique, facultative anaerobic, moderately thermophilic Sulphate reducing prokaryote (TSRP) was isolated
fromVajreshwari and Ganeshpuri hot Springs of Thane, Maharashtra. The optimum temperature, pH and NaCl
concentration for growth of this strain was found to 41° C, 6.5, and 4.5% respectively. The strain showed 100% reduction
instandard sulphate in 11hrs., with no production of sulfide. This result reflects the presence of mechanism of assimilatory
sulfate reduction pathway type I, which reduces sulfate to sulfite and finally to sulfide that is accumulated in the cellfor
cysteine biosynthesis. Phylogenetic analysis of 16s rRNA sequence placed this strain in gamma subclass of proteobacter.
On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic differences between this strain and its closest phylogenetic relatives, it is
found that this isolate is a member of genus Aeromonasand the type strain is hydrophila. Sulphidogenesisof the effluent
having high concentration of sulphatecollected from colour and dye industryshowedcomplete reduction in 12.30 hrs.with
no production of sulphide.The result indicated thatAeromonashydrophila has high efficiency of sulphate reduction in
much less time with no production of sulfide than previously studied anaerobic bacteria.
Keywords: Biosulphidogenesis, TSRP, Assimilatory Sulphate reduction pathway Type I, Bioaccumulation, 16s rRNA
sequencing.
Modelling of Water Quality Parameters Using Anfis and PCA
M.M. Sahoo1 and K.C. Patra2
1Dept
2Department
of Civil Engg, NIT, Rourkela, INDIA
of Civil Engineering, NIT, Rourkela, INDIA
Abstract: River Brahmani is reported to be polluted from the effluents discharged from the nearby industries, towns and
villages located near the banks. The presence of heavy metal content and radioactive material makes it most unsuitable
for human use. The fertilizers used for agricultural purpose affect the pH and nitrate content of water. Evaluation of
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Water Quality Index (WQI) of water is extremely important in the gauging stations located near the industries to prepare
remedial measures. To this end, the present study proposes an efficient methodology such as adaptive Neuro fuzzy
inference system (ANFIS) for the prediction of water quality in Brahmani River. The water quality parameters used to
assess are usually inter correlated with each other and this makes an assessment unreasonable. Therefore, the parameters
are uncorrelated using principal component analysis with varimax rotation. The uncorrelated values are fuzzified to take
into account uncertainty and impreciseness during data collection and application in ANFIS. An efficient rule base and
optimal distribution of membership function is constructed from the hybrid learning algorithm of ANFIS in MATLAB.
The model performed quite satisfactory with actual and predicted data on water quality.
Keywords: ANFIS, Correlation, MATLAB, Membership function, Principal component, WQI
Existing methods for disposal of hazardous waste with special reference to
Automobile Industry in Pune city, India
Mandal S.
Vishay Components India Pvt Ltd. Loni Kalbhor, Near Pune, Pune-412201, INDIA
Abstract: Hazardous wastes belong to the category of special wastes that can exhibit hazardous characteristics and
damage environment. Waste disposal on land is the most common practice in our country; it is very convenient and
economical way of disposing the material. However, it causes environmental degradation and ground water pollution.
Automobile industry (Volkswagon India Pvt Ltd, Chakan) in Pune city is generating hazardous wastes resulting in increased
risk of pollution in nearby areas and local environment. Today this industry has started practice of collecting this hazardous
waste in secured collecting bins. When these bins get filled up, they are collected and transported to Common Hazardous
Waste Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility (CHWTSDF) plants and disposed off as prescribed in Central Pollution
Control Board (CPCB) guidelines. The methodology for a Comprehensive Hazardous Waste Management (CHWM) is
presented in this paper and the current status in Pune city pertaining to each of the elements of CHWM is discussed.
Disposal of the hazardous waste necessitate proper management and handling in an environmentally sound manner.
Keywords: Hazardous waste, CHWTSDF, Waste management, disposal, pollution.
Nano-Filtration of Vehicular Exhaust to Reduce Air Pollution
Swarnalakshmi M.1, Muralikrishnan R.2 and Nakkeeran E.1
1Dept
of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Pennalur, Irungattukottai, Sriperumbudur Taluk, TN, INDIA
2Dept of Electrical and Elect. Engg. Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Pennalur, Irungattukottai, Sriperumbudur Taluk,
Tamilnadu INDIA
Abstract: The vehicles that run on fossil fuels emit an enormous amount of greenhouse gases. The oxides of carbon and
nitrogen are the main contributors of air pollution. The releases of these gases are due to incomplete combustion of the
fuel. Around 23% of carbon-di-oxide is emitted into the atmosphere every year from vehicular exhausts. In order to
avoid this situation, we propose to design a nano-membrane as a filter. This nano-membrane is made of nano-sized pores
with certain nano-particles embedded in them. When we place this membrane in the exhaust system of the vehicle, it
traps the harmful gases that are emitted from the engine and only harmless gases and heat are liberated from the vehicle.
The nanomembrane should be designed specifically to trap the oxides of carbon and nitrogen. Since the life time of
nanomembrane are known to be very high, frequent replacement is not required. Even in the event of damage, or clogging,
it can still be easily replaced. This would be a new and an innovative method to prevent the emission of greenhouse gases
from vehicle emissions
Keywords: Nano filtration, vehicular, exhaust, reduce, Air Pollution.
Biomass from Agricultural and Vegetation Wastes as a Source of Renewable
Energy in Power Plant
Kadam N.S.1, and Mahashabde R.P.2
1Datta
Meghe Institute of Engineering Technology and Research, Wardha, INDIA
D.Y. Patil Junior College, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, INDIA
2Dr.
Abstract: Volatile oil price and growing emphasis on environmental conservation have stimulated the development and
utilization of biomass as a vital source of renewable energy. In reducing the global dependency on fossil fuels, some ecofriendly sources of fuel from vegetation remains and agricultural waste like Tur stalk, Cotton stalk, Rice husk, Garden
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vegetation waste etc which are widely available from farms, oil mills and rice mills etc have a vital role to play. The main
purpose of this study was to document a new concept of using agricultural waste in the form of renewable source of fuel
and fertilizer in near future. It is observed that this vegetation ash is good source of alkaline water extract, Potassium,
Calcium, Phosphorous etc. depending upon the nature of vegetation. The paper also describes various chemical and
physical pretreatment techniques that can facilitate handling with careful storage and its probable utilization of ash for
agricultural purposes.
Keywords: Renewable source, Chemical and Physical pretreatment, Fossil fuels, Agricultural waste, Biomass.
Microwave Synthesis - A Potential Tool for Green Chemistry
1S.N.
Dhakite P.A.1 and Kadam N.S.2
Mor Arts and Commerce College and Smt. V. D. Saraf Science College, Tumsar Dist-Bhandara.INDIA
2Datta Meghe Institute of Engineering Technology and Research Wardha, INDIA
Abstract: Microwave radiation, an electromagnetic radiation, is widely use as a source of heating in organic synthesis.
The basic mechanisms observed in microwave assisted synthesis are dipolar polarization and conduction. Microwave
assisted organic synthesis (MAOS) has emerged as a new “lead” in organic synthesis. The technique offers simple, clean,
fast, efficient, and economic method for the synthesis of a large number of organic molecules, have provided the momentum
for many chemists to switch from traditional heating method to microwave assisted chemistry. In the recent year microwave
assisted organic reaction has emerged as new tool in organic synthesis. In the present article an attempt was made to
focus on what is microwave, how is it generated and what importance may it have.
Keywords: Microwave radiation, electromagnetic spectrum, green chemistry, dipolar polarization, microwave assisted
organic synthesis.
Water Quality Analysis of Krishna River at Karad, MS, India, before and after
Ganesh Festival 2010
Jadhav S.D.1, Jadhav M.S 2 and Jawale R.W.1
Vidyapeeth University, College of Engineering, Pune 411043, INDIA
2Sinhgad Technical Education Society’s Sou. Venutai Chavan Polytechnic, Pune, INDIA
1Bharati
Abstract: Environmental water contamination is the leading worldwide cause of death and disease and it adversely
affects over 1 billion people every day in developing countries. Rivers are playing a very vital role in social, cultural and
economical development of any region. The river Krishna flows through Karad city and getting polluted due to activities
related to humans, industries which are located in MIDC’s. Inadequate treatment of sewage, contaminate river water
downwards and water bodies, wells, ground water in the vicinity. The present work is in accordance with chemical
characterization of river Krishna at Karad. This study includes water quality characterization, finding major pollutants
submerging through point and nonpoint sources. Analysis is done before and after Ganesh festival in the year 2010.
Keywards: Contamination, developing countries, Krishna River, sewage, pollutants, etc.
Different disposal mechanisms and Isocyanate Waste-A Short Communication
Veera Reddy T, Das Bakul and Suresh S
Vikrama Simhapuri University College, VSU, Nellore, AP, INDIA
Abstract: The present communication deals with different waste disposal mechanisms and their feasibility with Isocyanate
wastes produced in the Production Plant. Isocyanate wastes pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human
health or the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported or disposed of or otherwise managed. These
wastes cause for eye irritation, respiratory problems, occupational asthma, damage to the neurological system, immune
system, heart, kidney, mental disorder in the early age, as well as tumors and cancer as reported by WHO, EPA. We have
discussed the scope of each and bioreactor landfills, ocean dumping is considered as suitable after proper decontamination
of the waste.
Keywards: Disposal, mechanisms, isocyanate, waste.
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Study of emission of Suspended Particulate Matter at the major Traffic arteries
of Pune city, India
Dutta J.G.
Product Environment Compliance Officer, Vishay Components India Pvt.Ltd., Loni Kalbhor, Pune-412 201, Maharashtra, INDIA
Abstract: Major traffic arteries in Pune city such as Sinhagad road, Katraj, Hadapsar, Indian Meteorological Department
(IMD) chowk, Pune railway station, Swargate police chowky, Nal stop, and Karve road were selected to collect the data.
The standard methods were used for sampling and analysis of suspended particulate matter (SPM). Instrument like high
volume samplers were used to collect SPM. The sources of SPM in those arteries were also investigated. The sampling
was done during summer months (March to May) of year 2009 and 2010. The result shows that out of all eight sampling
stations, the highest concentration of Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) was observed at location Nal Stop followed
by Hadapsar, Swargate and Sinhagad road in the year 2009. However in the year 2010 the highest concentration of SPM
was observed at Hadapsar location followed by Nal Stop. The reason for such higher concentrations is quite obvious, as
these stations are Residential cum Commercial Area situated very close to the roads and has always busy traffic roads.
Keywords: Air pollution, SPM, RSPM, sources, Pune city.
Treatment of Combined Waste Water by Activated Sludge Process
Selvabharathi G.1, Viveganandan S.2, Adishkumar S.1 and Thirunavukkarasu A.3
1Department
2Department
of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre, Anna University, Tirunelveli Region, Tirunelveli -07, TN, INDIA
of Civil Engineering, Tagore Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deviyakurichi-12, Tamilnadu, INDIA
3Department of Geology, Periyar University, Salem-11, Tamilnadu, INDIA
Abstract: Combined discharge of domestic and tannery waste waters into streams or surface bodies has been witnessed
in Vellore district in Tamil Nadu, India where the tannery processes are carried out at small-scale units. In the present
study, an attempt has been made to evaluate the treatability of combined domestic and tannery waste waters using labscale activated sludge reactor under extended aeration. Studies on the efficiency of the activated sludge reactors were
carried out by varying the solids retention time of 8, 12 and 16 days with a various hydraulic retention time of 15, 20, 25
and 30 h with an organic loading rate varying from 1.61 to 3.32 kg COD/ m3 / day . The results showed that at the end of
30 h HRT at 16 days SRT with a lower F/M ratio of 0.08 kg BOD/kg MLSS, the maximum reduction of COD was
observed to be from 2020 to 175 mg/L. From the bio-kinetic parameters estimation studies, the values of kinetic coefficients
are obtained such as the half velocity substrate concentration (Ks), maximum specific growth rate (µmax), yield coefficient
(Y) , maximum substrate utilization rate (k) and decay coefficient (Kd) as 122 mg/L, 0.224 day-1, 0.539 mg MLSS/mg
COD, 0.416 day-1 and 0.088 day-1. The study reveals that the combined domestic and tannery waste water is amenable
for treatment using ASP, with treatment efficiency as high as 91% and the bio-kinetics arrived at better stability of the
system and enhanced microbial activities at longer HRT and SRT. Also the design values suggest that the extended
aeration system is the appropriate activated sludge treatment process for combined domestic and tannery waste water
treatment.
Keywords: Advanced Oxidation Process, Activated sludge process (ASP), HRT and SRT.
Adsorption of Zinc (II) ions from aqueous solution using Chemically activated
Fruit shell of Couropita guianensis and Kigelia Pinnata carbon
Shobana R., Arockia Sahayaraj P., Soruba R. and Dharmalingam
Department of Chemistry, EVR Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Bharathidasan University, Trichy, INDIA
Abstract: In recent years, the preparation of low cost adsorbents as an alternative for the removal of toxic heavy metals
from the waste water. Now a days, various natural adsorbent have been used by many researchers as a cost effective
method for the treatment of water. The toxic metals are released in the environment, due to rapid industralisation and
urbanization possess a great threat to environment. Adsorption is the effective technique to remove heavy metals from
the aqueous solutions. In this work adsorbent is prepared chemically from the fruit shell of Couropita guianensis and
Kigelia pinnata as a measure to control the environmental pollution. The studies are carried out for the removal of zinc
ions from the aqueous solutions The chemically activated carbon was characterized using standard American Standard
Testing Methods (ASTM). Morphology of carbon particles have been characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy
(SEM). Adsorption studies were performed by batch experiments showed that the adsorbent prepared from fruit shell of
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Coroupita guianensis and Kigelia pinnata has good capacity for the adsorption of zinc ions from aqueous solution, the
parameters study include initial concentration, pH adsorbent dosage, contact time. The adsorption of zinc ions was
tested with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models.
Keywords: Adsorption of heavy metal, low cost adsorbent, characterization, zinc, isotherms.
Distribution Pattern of Butterflies and their Underlying Causes along the
Elevation gradient of Sikkim Himalaya, India
Bhoj K Acharya1 and Lalitha Vijayan2
1Department
2Sálim Ali
of Zoology, Sikkim Government College, Tadong, Gangtok- 737102, INDIA
Centre for Ornithology and Natural History (SACON), Coimbatore – 641108, INDIA
Abstract: The species richness pattern along elevation gradient is a major focus of research in spatial ecology and
biogeography and forms useful tools for understanding diversity gradients. We assessed the elevational pattern, its
underlying causes, turn over rate and range size distribution of butterflies along the elevation gradient (300-4700m) in
Sikkim, Eastern Himalaya, India. We followed fixed width circular plot method for butterflies sampling covering 2617
points spread along 23 transects. Habitat parameters were assessed using quadrat method. During our study we observed
a total of 6075 butterflies representing 251 species. With a hump at 1000m, species richness declined sharply upto
3000m beyond which there was no significant change. Climatic factors, productivity and habitat heterogeneity explained
most variation in the distributions of butterflies along the eastern Himalayan elevation gradient. Butterflies depicted high
species turnover along the gradient with most species showing small range sizes (< 500m). Low elevation areas comprising
human dominated landscapes appear to be important for butterflies in Eastern Himalaya although entire elevation gradient
is crucial for small range-sized species. Hence, protection of forest patches and agroforestry systems in the low elevation
areas, especially below 2000m, is necessary for the conservation of butterflies and their habitats.
Keywords: Butterflies, conservation, habitat heterogeneity, range size, turnover.
Adsorption Efficiency of Natural Clays towards the Removal of Naphthol
Green Dye from the Aqueous Solution: Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies
L. Jayalakshmi1, V. Devadoss2 and K. Ananthakumar3 and G.Kanthimathi2
1Department
of Chemistry, Renganayagi Varatharaj College of engineering, Salvarpatti-626 128, Sivakasi, TamilNadu, INDIA
of Chemistry, Kalasalingam University, Krishnsnkoil-626190, Srivilliputtur, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
3Department of Chemistry, Rajadurai singam Govt. Arts College, sivakangai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
2Department
Abstract: In this study, the adsorption characteristics of Naphthol Green from aqueous solution onto activated carbon
prepared from Natural clay like Bentonite was investigated under various experimental conditions. To evaluate the
adsorption capacity, initial dye concentration, contact time, effect of solution pH and adsorbent dosage were investigated
in a batch mode. The equilibrium adsorption isotherm data have been tested by applying both Frendlich and Langmuir
isotherm models. The separation factor RL value was found to be between 0 and 1 for the adsorbent, it clearly indicates
the feasibility of adsorption. The result showed that this novel adsorbent had a high adsorption capacity (Qo = 253.14
mg/g). The adsorption kinetics was found to follow pseudo first order kinetic model for the dye. These results indicate
that natural clay could be employed as low cost material for the removal of textile dyes from industrial effluents.
Keywords: Activated bentonite, napththol green and adsorption isotherm.
Assessment of Lead (PB) Concentrations Present in Biological Samples
Collected from Painters in Relation to their Health Defects
Mahamuni D. and Shrinithivihahshini N.D.
Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dept of Environmental Management, Bharathidasan University,
Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, INDIA
Abstract: As pigments of the paints are made with toxic metals and additives, the painting job makes painters more
vulnerable for various health hazards. Lead (Pb) is present in the paint and related products which is the one major
element of threat to them. Lack of awareness, toxic work-environment, and constant physical postures turn them victims
of alcoholism, smoking, skipping meals, drug addiction etc. To study the relationship between the work -related activities
and their health conditions, a total of 120 painters were randomly selected and interviewed. The interview schedule
included their personal information, onsite practices, and their health complaints. Also to study the relationship between
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the lead toxicity and health disorders, 15 volunteers among those 120 painters were identified, from whom hair, nail,
urine and blood samples were collected. The samples were processed by standard procedures and analyzed using an
Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). The interpretation was made by using the statistical software, SPSS 12.0.
There was a positive correlation found between the health disorders reported and the Lead concentrations assessed in the
biological samples. It was also observed that the work load leads them addiction to hot beverages via tea and coffee in
addition to complete negligence of safety measures, which may intensify the heavy metal toxicity.
Keywords: Occupational hazard, painting, occupational hygiene, lead toxicity, biological samples, atomic absorption
spectroscopy.
Accumulation of Heavy Metals from the Sewage by Spirodela Polyrhiza (L.)
Schleid
Rolli. N.M1, Suvarnakhandi. S.S1, Sangannavar. M.C1 and Taranath. T.C2
1BLDEA’s
2Department
Degree College, Jamakhandi, Karnataka, INDIA
of Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad-580 003, Karnataka, INDIA
Abstract: The anthropogenic activities have contributed huge quantities of industrial and domestic wastewater contains
large quantities of organic and inorganic material which causes undesirable changes in the physico chemical environment.
The aquatic plants which were tolerant are able to survive and withstand the pollution stress and serve as a pollution
indicators and as a tool for phytoremediation of heavy metals from the aquatic ecosystem. The aquatic plant, Spirodela
polyrhiza has potential ability in the accumulation of Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn from different concentrations of
sewage. To assess the accumulation profile of Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn from the sewage laboratory experiments
were conducted at the interval of 4 days for 12 days. The plants were cultured in 4% Hoagland solution and supplemented
with 25, 50, 75 and 100% sewage. The plants were separately harvested and showed significant increase in the accumulation
of heavy metals at 4 days exposure and there after there is a marginal increase of accumulation. The high concentration
of sewage (75 and 100%) shows toxicity symptoms to Spirodela polyrhiza at 12 days exposure. The present study
focused on potential ability of Spirodela polyrhiza in the accumulation of heavy metals from the sewage.
Keywords: Accumulation, toxicity, heavy metals, sewage.
Assessment of Ground Water and Surface Water in Balco and its Surrounding
Area, Korba, CG, India
Vaishnav M.M.1 and Dewangan S.2
1Department
of Chemistry, G. B. V. H’Bazar, Korba, CG, INDIA
of Chemistry, K. N. College, Korba, CG, INDIA
2Department
Abstract: We have taken extensively monitoring of water quality of GW and SW from Balco industrial area. For this
purpose ten sampling spots i.e. four for GW and six for SW bodies were selected and assigned BS1 to BS10. Water
samples were taken in 2L capacity of polyethylene bottles. The physico – chemical parameters and selected metallic
elements viz. Fe, Al, Mn, As and Zn were analysed by prescribed standard methods and analytical results were interpreted
by statistical parameters like mean, SD, SE, %CV, r and WQI. Strong positive correlation was found between TS vs TDS
(r = 0.960 and r = 0.919) for GW and SW. Inverse relation was also calculated out between Turb. vs pH (r = -0.663) and
T. Aci. (r = -0.872) respectively. The site no. BS5(SW) showed highest WQI: 3709.24 while spot BS1 exhibited least
WQI: 230.98. The conclusion comes of these analyses, the selected water sources are highly polluted by Balco industrial
activity.
Keywords: Assessment, ground water, surface water, Balco.
Physico–Chemical Characteristics of Different Surface Water in Korba District,
CG, India
Vaishnav M.M.1 and Janjala R.2
1Department
2Department
of Chemistry, G. B. V. H’Bazar, Korba CG, INDIA
of Chemistry, C.M.D. College, Bilaspur CG, INDIA
Abstract: Owing to huge industrialization Korba district is one of the most polluted place in India. So we have undertaken
to assess the water quality of surface water in Korba district. In this context, nine sampling spots were selected from
which 54 water samples were generated and analyzed as per standard methods from the period Jan – 2009 to June 2009.
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The analytical results were obtained for Temp., pH, EC, TDS, TS, Hardness, Alkalinity, F-, Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, PO43-, DO,
BOD, COD, Fe, Al, Hg and Zn. The analytical results were compared with standard values prescribed by WHO and BIS
drinking water standard and interpreted by statistical parameters like mean, SD, %CV, correlation matrix and WQI. The
results reveal that the degree of pollution level is very high in the district.
Keywords: Physico chemical, characteristics, surface water.
Effect of zinc on Bacterial communities in the gut of Pontoscolex corethrurus
Mallika Mahesh1Anu Sharma1 and Syed Shamimul Hasan2
1Department
of Biotechnology, Mount Carmel College, 58, Palace Road, Vasanth Nagar, Bangalore, INDIA
2Life Sciences, School Of Sciences, IGNOU, Maidan Garhi, New Delhi, INDIA
Abstract:Microorganisms are known to tolerate and accumulate a wide range of heavy metals which are the common
pollutants of soil. The earthworms, being the significant inhabitants of soil, bio-accumulate the heavy metals, detoxify
them and improve the quality of soil. The gut microflora of earthworms has been known to perform important roles like
denitrification (in nitrogen fixation) and production of degradative enzymes (for decomposition of organic matter).
Endogeic earthworms are often exposed to various kinds of stress which in turn could have a profound effect on the
micro flora of its gut. Zinc is one of the largest three heavy metal pollutants of the soil. In this study, we investigated the
effect of zinc stress on the microbial communities of the gut of endogeic earthworms (Pontoscolex corethrurus).The
earthworms were subjected to zinc stress at increasing concentrations (Zn: 0 ,400,800,1600, 3200 and 6400 and 13200mg/
kg dry wt. of soil) for a period of 15 days. The metal was introduced in the form of chloride salt. Zinc had a deleterious
effect on growth and development of the earthworms. It was observed that two bacterial species Aeromonas hydrophila
and Bacillus cereus were selectively accumulated in the gut of earthworms that were exposed to metal stress when
compared to the control earthworms. These microorganisms were isolated from the gut of earthworms exposed to zinc
stress. It was observed that these microorganisms are able to tolerate the metal even at higher concentrations. This study
highlights the importance of association between earthworm and microorganisms with respect to bioremediation of soils
contaminated with heavy metals.
Keywords: Effect, zinc, bacterial communities, pontoscolex corethrurus.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Acid Green 16 Using TiO2 Catalyst
Sangita Sharma and Parul Trivedi
Department of Chemistry, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan- 384 265, Gujarat, INDIA
Abstract: Degradation of textile dye Acid Green 16 was carried out using advance oxidation method. In this method
catalyst TiO2 and H2O2 were used. The whole experiment was carried out using two types of light, Visible light and UVlight. The effect of various parameters like photo catalyst, concentration of H2O2, pH and intensity of irradiating lights
are studied. The results revealed that the rate of degradation of dye is higher, in presence of visible light than UV-light.
Process of degradation is faster in visible light when TiO2 in used as catalyst. It is expected that energy needed for
degradation in visible region in more compatible as compared to UV region. A mechanism is proposed for the process of
degradation considering the various parameters.
Keywords: Wastewater treatment, photo catalysis, acid green 16, titanium dioxide, advance oxidation process, azo dye.
Removal of Azo dyes from Wastewater Using Polyaniline: A Review
Jadhav Smita1, Jaspal Dipika2 and Malviya Arti3
1Bharati
2Symbiosis
Vidyapeeth College of Engineering, Pune 411043, INDIA
Institute of Technology, Symbiosis International University, Lavale, Pune 412115, INDIA
3Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal 462021, INDIA
Abstract: Effluents from textile industries and industries like paper, printing and pharmaceutical industries cause
environmental hazard, as these contain dyes as contaminants which are toxic to aquatic lives and mutagenic to humans.
Several techniques are used to remove dyes from wastewater like photochemical oxidation, ion exchange, solvent
extraction, coagulation etc. Adsorption is one such process which is being widely used by various researchers for the
removal of azo dyes due to simplicity of design, less initial cost and insensitivity to toxic substances. Several adsorbents
are being explored for the elimination of dyes via adsorption process. Most of the adsorbents for example activated
carbon have been frequently used as adsorbents but are expensive. The aim of this research paper is to present the indepth studies in the form of a review, carried out on a polymeric material Polyaniline, which can be easily synthesized
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and is environmentally stable. As azo dyes are one of the prominent constituents of the industrial effluents therefore the
paper would portray adsorption studies on this class of dyes.The literature survey reveals that Polyanilne proves to be an
efficient adsorbent for azo dye removal.
Keywords: Adsorption, Azodyes, Polyaniline, Activated carbon, Mutagenic.
Biodegradation of Bisphenol–A by Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
isolated from contaminated soil
Jeyalakshmi C.
Dept.of.Chemistry, SCSVMV University, Kanchipuram, INDIA
Abstract: Industrial revolution has generated unprecedented disturbances in the environment due to the introduction of
anthropogenic pollutants such as organic, inorganic and xenobiotic chemicals in the form of untreated industrial
wastewaters. In this present study, soil sample were collected from the Bisphenol A contaminated soil. Bisphenol A
(BPA) is a plastic monomer, which is used extensively in the production of polycarbonate, epoxy and other plastics. The
resistant microbes were isolated from the soil sample, of these two bacterial genera Pseudomonas aeruginosa and
Bacillus cereus was found to be predominant. The isolates were tolerated and utilized the Bisphenol A up to 0.04%
concentration and this can be utilized as optimum concentration in this study. BPA degradation by bacterial resistant
isolate from soil is strongly influenced by physico-chemical parameters such as ionic strength, pH and the concentration
of competing organic and inorganic compounds. The BPA resistant bacterial biomass is capable of using different substrates
such as dextrose, yeast extract, phosphate and NaCl to degrade BPA from soil. All these isolates were checked for their
ability to utilize Bisphenol A at different temperature and pH. The results showed that the Pseudomonas aeruginosa and
Bacillus cereus has exhibited the better growth rate on 300C and pH 7. These two organisms showed maximum growth
at optimum temperature and neutral pH. In degradation assay, CO2 is formed as an end product, it confirms that
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus degrade Bisphenol A.
Keywords: Biodegradation, Bisphenol, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Soil.
Biodegradation of Synthetic Dyes using Immobilized Bacterial Laccase
Narayanan P.M., Devina S.U. and Murugan S.*
Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Karunya University, Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore,
TN, INDIA
Abstract: Laccase is a widespread group of multi-copper enzymes which can catalyze the oxidation of a variety of
organic compounds with concomitant reduction of molecular oxygen to water. In th present study, laccase has been
produced using Bacillus sp and Pseudomonas sp. under Solid State Fermentation (SSF). The optimum incubation time,
temperature and pH for the production of laccase from Bacillus sp and Pseudomonas sp were found to be 96 hrs, pH 7.5/
7.0 and 35°C/45°C. The enzyme was partially purified using ammonium sulphate precipitation at 80% saturation followed
by dialysis. Further, the laccase was immobilized using alginate as career material in the copper sulphate solution. The
obtained immobilized laccase was optimized and it showed maximum activity at pH 8 and 50°C for Bacillus sp but in
case of Pseudomonas sp. it was observed to be pH 7 and 40°C and the immobilized laccase were characterized using
SEM analysis. The immobilized enzymes showed higher thermal stability compared to free enzyme. The synthetic dyes
such as Orange 3R, Yellow GR and T-Blue were selected to study the degradation efficiency by microbial culture, free
laccase and immobilized laccase enzyme. The results showed that the maximum dye degradation was achieved with
immobilized laccase for both Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. Moreover, the study would focus on the structural
requirements of dyes by FTIR analysis to have potential bioremediation systems in the field of textile effluents treatment
process.
Keywords: Laccase, Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Solid State Fermentation, SEM, Immobilization, Synthetic dyes.
st
Arsenic-21 Century Calamity- A Short Review
Anamika Srivastava and Gopal Pathak
Environmental Science and Engineering Group, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi-835215, Jharkhand, INDIA
Abstract: Arsenic, since its isolation in 1250 A.D by Albertus Magnus, has been a continuous centre of controversy. It
belongs to the metalloid group of elements and known as a major contaminant in the environment. The source of occurrence
of arsenic in the groundwater is natural as well as anthropogenic. The new EPA standard is 0.01 ppm. The first major
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case of arsenicosis was reported from Argentina in 1920’s and afterward it was reported from India in 1983 and soon it
becomes a serious calamity in Bangladesh. Hitherto, more than 137 million people are suffering from arsenicosis. Arsenic
is a protoplastic poison due to its effect on sulphydryl group of cells interfering with cell enzymes, cell respiration and
mitosis. This is very important issue but much less discussed. The present study was conducted to review the studies
conducted on arsenic and its mitigation. From a comprehensive literature review it was found that arsenicosis is a slow
poison which manifest itself over a period of 5-20 years. This short review highlights and provides an overview of
arsenic, its impact on health and available mitigation techniques. Conclusions have been drawn from the literature
reviewed, and suggestions for future research are proposed.
Keywords: Arsenicosis, toxicity, drinking water, adsorbent.
Generating Electricity through Microbial Fuel Cell using Slaughter House
Wastewater
Elanthamilan E., Sarala L., Sathiyan A. and Princy Merlin J.
PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Bishop Heber College, Tiruchirappalli -17, INDIA
Abstract: It has been known for many years that it is possible to generate electricity directly by using bacteria to
breakdown organic substrates. A double chambered microbial fuel cell using slaughter house waste water as a substrate
was optimized in terms of various operating conditions. The power output dependent on several factors such as types of
microbes in the anodic chamber, operating condition like pH, temperature, mediator and configuration of MFC. This
MFC study was carried out by both salt bridge and membrane as proton exchange systems. The current was linearly
increases with time. The highest current was generated at pH 6-7 and 40oC- 45oC. The microbial metabolism generates
electron and protons by oxidation of organic substrates. The electrons are transferred to the external circuit and protons
are transferred to the cathodic chamber through the salt bridge. The current generation was found to be 2.88 mA and this
current was increased using proton exchange membrane such as Nafion-115.
Keywords: MFC-Microbial fuel cell, microbes, membrane, proton exchange system, salt bridge.
Preparation of Acute Gastro Enteritis Distribution Map and Estimation of
Population at Risk in Coimbatore District of Tamilnadu, India
PawlinVasanthi Joseph1 and Balasubramaniam S.2
1Nirmalacollege
2Director
for women (Autonomous) Coimbatore, TN, INDIA
of Research, JSS Medical University, Mysore, Karnataka, INDIA
Abstract: Factors such as booming population, environmental pollution, rapid urbanization, and global warming all
influence the conditions for disease outbreaks. Disease studies have revealed strong spatial aspects, including disease
case location and disease diffusion. Thus, mapping spatial aspects of diseases could help people understand some puzzles
of disease outbreak.Geographical Information Systems (GIS) provide an effective way of managing, storing, analyzing,
and mapping disease information. GIS has strong capabilities in mapping and analyzing not only spatial data, but also
non-spatial data, and can integrate many kinds of data to greatly enhance disease surveillance.This paper deals with the
preparation of Acute Gastroenteritis incidence distribution maps based on population density that would constitute a
useful tool for disease control and for the health planners of Coimbatore district of Tamilnadu.The Acute gastroenteritis
incidence data was collected from the Deputy Directorate of Health services, Coimbatore districtfor the period (20002009). The data was imported into ArcGIS 10.0.The mean Acute gastroenteritis incidences of Coimbatore district were
used for the preparation of the thematic maps. For the present study, Natural breaks classification was used to classify the
Acute gastroenteritis incidences data for thematic mapping.Mettupalayam predominantly remains a high incidence area
from 2000 to 2009. From the year 2003 onwards and upto 2009, Avinashi and Coimbatore North taluks have consistently
shown high incidences. Two village panchayatsIrumbarai and Ikkaraiboluvampatti are at high risk which has an Acute
Gastroenteritis incidence rate of more than 1; whereas the villages Maruthur and Coimbatore corporation have an incidence
rate value between 0.5 and 1 and the incidence rate below 0.5 is observed in ninety six villages.The risk map clearly
visualizes the regions where efforts to control Acute Gastroenteritis have to be concentrated.
Keywords: Geographical information systems, incidence rate, thematic mapping, population density.
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Studies on the Degradation of Textile Dye by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Prasad M.P.1, Rekha Sethi2, Sushant Shekhar1, B.K.Chikkaswamy1.
1Sangenomics
2Department
Research Lab, Bangalore-560071, INDIA
of Microbiology, Jain University, Karnataka, INDIA
Abstract: Dyes are used extensively in the textile industry because of their wide variety and ease of application and
minimal energy consumption. About 100,000 commercially available dyes are known and nearly 1 million tons of dyes
are produced throughout the year, whereas, out of the total usage, 10% of dyes are released in environment as dyestuff
waste. Disposal of these dyes into the environment causes pollution and serious damage to the ecosystem, since they
significantly affect the photosynthetic activity of hydrophytes and also they are toxic to aquatic organisms and also get
into the food chain. In the present study bacteria was isolated from samples collected from textile industry effluent
samples and assayed for its ability to degrade six textile dyes. The bacterial isolates which were capable of complete
degradation of the dye were identified by gram Staining, morphological characteristic and biochemical tests. In order to
test the activity of these bacteria on different dyes for maximum degradation at optimum conditions, experiments were
carried out for optimization at different pH, temp and Dye concentration. Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed maximum
dye degradation after 8 days of incubation. Maximum dye degradation efficiency was observed when (40 mg/l) of dye
was used. The isolate showed maximum degradation at 40 0C, pH has a major effect on the efficiency of dye decolorization,
and the optimal pH for color removal was between 6.0 and 8.0. In the present investigation Pseudomonas aeruginosa
was found to be capable of maximum degradation of all the dye samples. The results from the present study shows
practical application potential of this bacterial species in the biotransformation of various dye effluents that can help to
solve the pollution problems caused by textile industries.
Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, biodegradation, pollution, optimization, textile dyes, effluent treatment.
Current Analysis of Few Specific Heavy Metals in Potable Water Reservoirs of
Bhandardara, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India
Deshbhratar Shantaj M, Hile Vijay K., Raut Sonali R., Singh Ankita J. and Mehta Gayatri U.
Zoology Research laboratory, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavans H. Somani College, Chowpatty, Mumbai-07.Mharashtra, INDIA
Abstract: Bhandardara dam known as Wilson dam185 km away from Mumbai, situated in Ahmednagar District,
Maharashtra, India 190 53' 75'’ N and 730 96' 74'’E. The largest earthen dam in the country and one of the oldest dams in
Asia. The height of the dam is nearly 150 m. The dam constructed to provide irrigation and drinking water to Ahmednagar
region. Monitoring and Assessment of water has become environmental concern due to contamination by mankind. One
of the most important crises of 21 st century is the availability of safe and pure drinking water, basic resource of our life.
Most of the fresh water bodies get contaminated due to heavy metals effluents. The main threats to human health and
animal biodiversity from heavy metals are associated with exposure to lead, cadmium, arsenic etc. Present investigations
are carried out to analyse certain specific heavy metals require to establish and notifythe quality and sustainability for
varied purposes. Our observation suggests that presence of certain heavy metals with significant concentration is noted.
Keywords: Bhandardara, heavy metals, dam, lead, cadmium, arsenic.
Removal of Reactive Dye Using a Conducting Polymer Composite
S. Supriya1 and P.N. Palanisamy2
1Department
of Chemistry, Jansons Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, TN, INDIA
2Department of Chemistry, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode, TN, INDIA
Abstract: Poly pyrrole saw dust composite was prepared by reinforcement of natural wood saw dust obtained from the
seeds and branches of Casurina and poly pyrrole matrix phase. The present study analyses the feasibility of removing
reactive dye from an aqueous solution by Poly pyrrole polymer composite (PPC). The batch adsorption studies were
carried out by varying initial dye concentration, temperature, agitation time and pH. The kinetic study showed that
adsorption of reactive violet by PPC was best represented by pseudo-second order kinetics with ion exchange adsorption.
The equilibrium data were analyzed by Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm model. The equilibrium isotherm data fitted
well with Langmuir isotherm model. The thermodynamic parameters suggest the spontaneous, endothermic nature of ion
exchange adsorption with weak vanderwaals force of attraction.
Keywords: Poly pyrrole composite, Saw dust, Reactive Violet, ion exchange adsorption, Langmuir isotherm, vanderwaals
force.
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Assessment of Physicochemical Properties of Solid Waste - Opium Marc
Soniya Sharma
Department of Chemical Sciences, Christian Eminent Academy, Indore, M.P., INDIA
Abstract: Solid waste management programmes are driven by a desire to keep clean environment in the hope of promoting
sound environmental quality and public health. Best solid waste management programmes rely upon a complete
understanding of physical and chemical attributes of waste materials, which in turn govern their behavior in the natural
environment. Therefore, these physicochemical parameters serve as proxy indicators of which waste management options
would be most suitable for adoption in the implementation of a solid waste programme for an industry. The study was,
therefore, undertaken to generate scientific information on both physical and chemical composition of solid waste opium
marc from the Govt. Opium and Alkaloids Works, Neemuch. This is the Solid Waste of Process, falls under stream 34.1
of Amended Rules, 2000 of Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling). Analysis report regarding composition of
opium marc was obtained from the factory. The sample opium marc was analyzed for the following physicochemical
parameters; physical state, color, odor, texture, PFLT, specific gravity, calorific value, flash point, moisture content,
LOD @ 105 oC, LOI @ 550 oC, ash content @ 900 oC, pH, sulphates, chlorides, organic halogens, cadmium, chromium,
cobalt, copper, iron, lead, nickel, zinc. The results indicate that the brown solid lumps of opium marc sample pass the
PFLT and have specific gravity 0.73. The calorific value, flash point, moisture content, LOD @ 105 oC, LOI @ 550 oC,
ash content @ 900 oC were 1607.96, >65 oC, 505, 36.3 and 72.0, respectively. pH of the sample was about neutral i.e. 7.3
and rest parameters such as sulphates, chlorides, organic halogens, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead,
nickel, zinc were below desirable limit. On the basis of assessment of physicochemical parameters, it is proposed that the
process of incineration for the disposal of opium marc is more suitable, economical and feasible.
Keywords: Opium marc, solid waste, incineration, physicochemical parameters, composition.
Endosulfan induced changes in the gills of Corbicula striatella
Sunita Jadhav1 and Peeyush Pahade2
1Department
2Haribhai.
of Zoology, S.P. College, Pune, Maharashtra, INDIA
V.Desai College, 596 Budhwar peth, near Sakal Papaers, Pune, Maharashtra, INDIA
Abstract: Freshwater bivalve Corbicula striatella were exposed to sublethal concentration (0.311 ppm) and median
lethal concentration (0.062 ppm) of endosulfan to study the histopathological changes in the gills. In the present
investigation, damage to gill tissues has been observed. These include degeneration of connective tissue cells. Necrosis
was evident from the pycnotic nuclei, swelling of gill filaments was observed. Increased period of exposure to pesticides
caused an increase in structural damage.
Keywords: Corbicula striatella, endosulfan, gill, degeneration
Sustainable Management of Coastal Aquifers – An Overview, Significance and
Implementation Strategies
Darapu Srikanth Satish Kumar
Dept. of Civil Engineering, GIT, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, A.P., INDIA
Abstract: We - the Humans – are responsible for the destruction of the world’s coastal and ocean eco systems. This has
a severe adverse impact on the quality of the water thus causing allied and varied health problems, especially in developing
and poor countries. The experts, policy makers, stake holders and all the associated people should realize the gravity of
the issue. Innovative ways have to be devised and adopted for the sustainable management of coastal aquifers as this has
got a direct bearing on the very sustenance of our future generations. This paper is focused on the factors causing threat
to the coastal freshwater aquifers and sustainability practices to be adopted for better management of our aquifers.
Keywords: Coastal aquifers, aquifer eco-systems, sustainable management, freshwater demand, saltwater intrusion,
groundwater equilibrium, groundwater dependent ecosystems.
Remediation of Arsenic (III) from contaminated water by Activated carbon
derived from Eichhornia crassipes Root biomass
Sandip Mandal, Anil Giri and R.K Patel*
Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, INDIA
Abstract: In this work, the removal of As(III) from aqueous solutions by activated carbon prepared from the E. crassipes
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root biomass has been studied. Dependence of adsorption on adsorbent dose, pH of the solution, contact time, temperature
had been studied to achieve the optimum condition. The maximum removal capacity of activated carbon was found to be
33 mg/g,at optimum conditions of pH 9.5, contact time of 30 minute, biomass dosage of 7 g/L, and temperature of 25 ±
2°C. The mean sorption energy (E) is calculated from D-R model which indicate the chemisorption nature of adsorption.
The pseudo-second-order equation described the kinetics of As(III) (R2> 0.99) better than other model. Thermodynamic
parameters are also calculated to know the effect of temperature on the removal process. Column studies are also performed
to know the breakthrough point with an initial concentration of 10 mg/L. The effluent volume at breakthrough is found
to be 100 bed volumes, and the column capacity is found to be 0.83mg/g.Activated carbon is characterized using SEMEDX and FTIR.
Keywords: Activated carbon, as(III), Adsorption isotherms, Thermodynamic, Column studies.
Water quality of the Arabian Sea (Arnala beach) during Ganpati Immersion
Arti Dubey and R.D. Bhagwat
VIVA College, Virar (west), Maharastra, INDIA
Abstract: Arnala beach is situated near about 8 km from virar west maharastra. In this paper the auther reports about the
quality of water during ganpati immersion. For this study the auther select the following quality parameter for analysis
pH, conductivity, turbidity, TDS, TSS, DO, BOD, COD, Total hardness, Ca hardness, Mg hardness, chlorides, sulphates,
Alkalinity and trace metal. The result of this analysis point out the fact that the water pollution caused by the immersion
of plaster of paris idols, chemical paints used on these idols, pieces of cloth supported by iron rods and the waste
generated by the non-biodegradable accessories used during the worship into arnala beach. The only problem is that the
immersion of the idols causes widescale water pollution of seas. The heavy metals have a marked effect on the aquatic
flora and fauna which through bio magnification enter the food chain and ultimately affect the human beings as well. This
paper addresses this highly sensitive issue and attempts that are being made to deal with it. It is therefore important that
we celebrate the festival keeping in view the need for environment protection and also prevention and control of pollution.
Keywords: Ganpati, immersion, water pollution, trace metal.
Solid waste Management in pune city with special reference to Nickel and
Copper
Mane T.T.1 and Hingane Hemalata N.2
1
Department of Botany, Baburaoji Gholap Gholap College, Sangvi, Pune-411027, Maharashtra, INDIA
Vinay Engg. Pvt. Ltd. Working site Tata Motors LTD. Pimpri Pune- 411014, Maharashtra, INDIA
2Shree
Abstract: At present the most serious pollution is the direct result of human activity. As soon as large settlement and
towns become common, the problem of disposal of solid waste arose. India is also experiencing tremendous growth in
urban areas. Urban centers of India produce 188,500 tones of solid waste per day. Some metropolitan cities like Bombay,
Calcutta, Bangalore, and Pune showing typical urban pollution. Among these Pune is also one of the city which produces
large quantity (1000-2000mt/day) of municipal solid waste (MSW). There is major problem of its disposal and management.
Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) disposes municipal solid waste at Urali Devachi Depot which is 20 km .away from
pune city. Due to disposal of MSW the huge hips are produce at the disposal site. The decomposition of waste produces
leachate. This leachate gets percolated in surrounding ground water. In the present study leachate and well water of
nearby area is analyzed for the concentration of nickel and copper. The analytical data showed that concentration of
nickel and copper in leachate 8 to 12 mg/lit and 7.8 to 9 mg/lit respectively which is more than permissible limit (< 3 mg/
l) of MPCB (Maharashtra Pollution Control Board). The concentration of nickel and copper is 5 to 8 mg/l and 4.9 to 7.4
mg/l in nearby well water. This clearly indicates that there is higher concentration of these metals in well water. The
people residing in these areas are using well water for drinking, domestic and for agricultural use. It is observed that the
people living in this area having health and hygienic problems such as allergic, asthmatic, bronchitis, skin irritation and
gastro intestinal diseases. These problems are discussed in this paper.
Keywords: Copper, nickel, MSW, leachate, urali devachi, disposal depot, PMC, MPCB, urbanization.
A New Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Thiacloprid by Using
Leucomalachite green in Various Environmental Sample
Raisa Khatoon1, Manish Kumar Rai1*, Vindiya Patel1, Mamta Nirmal1 and Joyce Rai2
1School
of Studies in Chemistry, PtRavishankar Shukla University Raipur, CG-4912010, INDIA
Council of Science & Technology, MIG 25, Indravati Colony, Raipur, CG-492007, INDIA
2Chhattisgarh
Abstract: A new sensitive spectrophotometric method is developed for the determination of neonicotinoid insecticide
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thiacloprid. The method is based on the alkaline hydrolysis of thiacloprid to cyanide ion, which further reacts with
bromine water to form cyanogen bromide which reacts with mixture of potassium iodide and potassium iodate in the
presence of leucomalachite green to form a water soluble greenish-blue malachite green dye. The dye shows maximum
absorbance at 620 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed over the concentration range of 20-80ìg of total thiacloprid in a final
solution of volume 10 mL. Lowest detection limit is 10ìg. The molar absorptivity and the Sandell’s sensitivity of the
colour system were found to be 3.07×104 l mole-1 cm-1and 2.0×10-5ìg cm-2. The reproducibility was assessed by carrying
out seven replicate analysis of a solution containing 25ìg of thiacloprid in a final solution volume of 10 mL. The standard
deviation and relative standard deviation for the absorbance values were found to be ±0.007 and 3.0% respectively. The
method is free from the interferences of other major toxicants. The analytical parameters were optimized and the method
was applied to the determination of thiacloprid in environmental samples.
Keywords: Spectrophotometry, Thiacloprid, Leucomalachite Green, Greenish-blue dye, Environmental Sample.
A New Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Phosphamidon in
Various Environmental Samples
Vindiya Patel1, Manish Kumar Rai1*, Raisa Khatoon1, Mamta Nirmal1, Kalpana Wani2 and Joyce Rai2
1School
of Studies in Chemistry, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur(Chhattisgarh),4912010,INDIA
Council of Science & Technology, MIG 25, Indravati Colony, Raipur(Chhattisgarh),492007, INDIA
2Chhattisgarh
Abstract: A new spesctrophotometric method for determination of insecticide phosphamidon .This method is based on
the bromination of phosphamidon which reacts with mixture of potassium iodide and potassium iodate in presence of
leuco crystal violet to form a water soluble bluish violet colored dye. The dye shows maximum absorbance 590nm.
Beer’s law is obeyed over concentration range of 0.5 to 16µg in a final solution volume of 10ml. The molar absorptivity
of the color system 0.5 x 106mol-1cm-1 and sandell’s sensitivity is 0.002 µgcm-2. The reproducibility assessed by carrying
out seven days replicate analysis. The standard deviation and relative standard deviation for the absorbance, values were
found to be 0.0036 and 1.08% respectively. The proposed method is free from the interference of other toxicants. The
analytical parameters were optimized and the method was applied to the determination of phosphamidon in various
environmental samples.
Keywords: Spectrophotometry, phosphamidon, leucocrystal violet, bluish violet dye, environmental sample.
Environmental effect of sugar mill Effluent on the quality of Groundwater from
Sangamner, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India
K.K. Deshmukh
Department of Chemistry, Sangamner Nagarpalika Arts, D.J. Malpani Commerce & B.N. Sarda Science College, Sangamner–422
605, Dist. Ahmednagar, MS, INDIA
Abstract: Sugar mill play a major role in polluting the soil and groundwater by discharging large amount of wastewater
as effluent. Increasing use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in raising the sugarcane production has also resulted in
the degradation of soil and groundwater quality. In view of this, attempts were made to study the effect of sugar mill
effluent on the groundwater quality from Sangamner sugar mill. Fifteen groundwater samples were analysed for various
parameters like pH, EC, TA, TDS, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, HCO3, SO42-, PO43-, NO3- and total hardness during the
period of operation of sugar mill. The results revealed that there was significant variation in some parameters. The high
values of Ca, Na, chloride, sulphates, nitrates and hardness in the samples which are located downstream suggest the
effluent carrying stream as the source. According to permissible limit suggested by WHO, the samples which are in the
close vicinity of the effluent carrying stream and are located in downgradient direction are not suitable for drinking as
well as for irrigation purposes. Water quality management is an issue that must be given top priority. There is a need for
periodical assessment of groundwater quality in the vicinity of sugar factory and this information should be provided to
farmers for maintenance of soil and groundwater quality.
Keywords: Sugar mill effluent, groundwater quality, groundwater pollution, environmental effect.
Emission Factor of Organic and Elemental CarbonEmitted from Religious and
Ritual based Burning Activities in India
Shippi Dewangan, Shamsh Pervez*
School of Studies in Chemistry, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur- 492010, CG, INDIA
Abstract: Stuff burning in religious and ritual places emits large amount of aerosols and trace gases into the atmosphere,
which have signiûcant impact on atmospheric chemistry and climate. The present study has been focused on determination
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of Emission Factor (EF) of organic carbon and elemental carbon released from burning in religious and ritual based
activities. EF’s determination method has described the need toestimate carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide
(CO) levels alongwith particulatematter (PM5). To achieve the objectives, a continuous monitoring ofPM5, CO2, and CO
hasbeen planned on selected religious and ritual stuff burning activities (Marriage Ceremony, MuslimShrines, Hindu
Temples and Buddhist Temples) using standard methods of sampling. Analysis of OC and EC fractions in PM5 has been
carried out using OC/EC Analyzer (DRI Model) at Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, USA by following the optimum
conditions of sample transportation and instrumental operations.CO2 and CO have beenmonitored using Direct
Quantification Monitors [Portable CO2 Meter (AZ Instrument Corporation,Taiwan, Model AZ7755) and Portable CO
Meter (Langan Products Inc., San Francisco, Model 715v)]. Emission Factors of OC, EC and TC were foundin the range
of 1.43-17.43, 0.37-9.08 and 6.81-18.90.g.kg-1, respectively, for religious and ritualactivity centers. Comparison of EF’s
between selected religious and ritual centers and annual emissionestimation in India has also been evaluated and presented.
Keywords: Emission factor, Organic carbon, Elemental carbon, Religious and ritual activities
Studies on Marine Intertidal Macro-algae Diversity of Visakhapatnam Coast,
Bay of Bengal, India
Vishnupriya Sowjanya. I and Raja Sekhar. P.S
Department of Environmental Sciences, Andhra University, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA
Abstract: A study on marine algal flora status, distribution and diversity was carried out in Visakhapatnam coast, Bay of
Bengal, India from May, 2013 to October, 2013. A total of 31 marine macro-algae species were recorded, of which 12
species belong to Chlorophyta, 5 species to Phaeophyta and 14 species to Rhodophyta. The Species Ulva fasciata Delile,
Chaetomorpha antennina (Bory) Kutzing, Amphiroa fragilissima Camouroux and Gracilaria corticata J.Agardh were
found to be dominant and widely distributed in rocky coast. This paper gives the details of species occurrence and
distribution at six sampling stations of Visakhapatnam coastal intertidal seashore areas.
Keywords: Seaweeds, Visakhapatnam coast, Intertidal flora, Macro-algae and Marine pollution.
A Review on Different Methods of Removal of Azo Dyes from Waste Water
Shraddha Kamparia1*, Dipika Jaspal2 and Arti Malviya3
2Symbiosis
1RMD Sinhgad School of Engineering, Pune 412115, INDIA
Institute of Technology, Symbiosis International University, Lavale, Pune-412115, INDIA
3Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal-462021, INDIA
Abstract: The world’s ever increasing population and the progressive adoption of an industrial based life style has
inevitably led to an increased anthropogenic impact on the environment. Textile waste water is a source of pollution
whichhas its effects on the ecology and environment. Synthetic textile dyes used are lost during manufacture and processing
operations, and 20% of these dyes enter the environment through effluents that result from the treatment of residual
industrial waters thereby polluting the environment to a great extent. A variety of dyes are used during all phases of
textile industries which when mix with the water sources, deteriorate the quality of water and harm the life of organisms
present in it. Different techniques and methods are being used to remove different classes of dyes used in textile industry.
This research paper deals with the intensive review of a specific class of dye i.e., Azo dyes which are an important
component of the textile industries,and effectively discusses various waste water treatment techniques used to decolorize
this class of dyes. This review paper critically draws a comparative account of the various techniques available for
decolourization of Azo dyes. Waste water recycling can lead to significant savings of water, chemicals, and energy and
can reduce the amount of high strength recalcitrant water discharged in to water.Several methods for Azodye removalhave
been studied taking into consideration the significance of parameters like pH,COD reduction, reaction time, temperature,
contact time and concentration of dyes. The effectivenessof various methods have been compared based on different
parameters showing their advantages and disadvantages.
Keywords: Review, different, methods, removal, azodyes, waste, water.
Degradation of Dimethoate by cellulolytic Bacteria in Cotton Soils
R. Jaya Madhuri
Department of Applied Microbiology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati-517502, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA
Abstract: The present experience has been aimed to isolate bacteria specifically cellulolytic bacteria, normally found in
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cotton soils and determine their role in degradation of the selected pesticide dimethoate. Two cellulolytic bacterial
isolates mk1 & mk2 tentatively identified as Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus pumulus were capable of growing on
dimethoate supplemented medium. P.putida exhibited maximum growth of 4.1x 106 cfu/ ml at 0.09 mg/ml while B.pumulus
showed significant growth of 2.2 x107 cfu/ml at 0.06mg/ml of dimethoate after 72hrs of incubation at room temperature.
Rate of utilization of dimethoate increased progressively with increase in the concentration of yeast extract added to the
medium up to 0.56% in P.putida and 0.7% in B.pumulus. The present findings indicate that among the two bacterial
isolates, sps of Pseudomonas could degrade 88% of dimethoate while Bacillus sps exhibited high degradation rate of
92% which can be commercialized for bioremediation of dimethoate contaminated sites. Further, the rate of degradation
is maximum at 72hrs of incubation.
Keywords: Cellulolytic bacteria- Dimethoate- Cotton soil- degradation.
Assesment of Ground water Quality around the site of solid waste practices in
Nashik Municipal, Maharashtra, India
Pagar Ramnath Sampat
Department of Chemistry, MVP Samaj,s S. V. K. T. Arts Commerce and Science College, Deolali-camp, Dist-Nashik, MS, INDIA
Abstract: The study reports discusses the effect of municipal solid waste on the quality of underground water in nashik
metropolis, maharastra. The study was related municipal solid waste are deposited around the present practices of
corporation. The study reveals that the concentration of major leachates are compared within the permissible limits of is
during season wise The utilization of ground water for domestic & agriculture purposes has increased mainfolds but
consequently it is observed that the ground water is polluted and affecting the human health, soil nutrients, livestock
biomass & Environment in certain areas our present study focused on Nasik municipal waste practices around the
dumping site.
Keywords: solid waste, ground water, leachate.
An Economial and Efficient Approach for the Detoxification of Triazophos from
Agro-Ecosystems
P.Udaya Sri1, N.Vijaya Sree1, V.Leelavathi1 and K.M. Subbu Rathinam2
1Department
2Dept.
of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur-522510, AP, INDIA
of Zoology, Rajah Serfoji Govt.College, Thanjavur 613005, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: The application of pesticides for pest control has become indispensable tool in agriculture as most of the
produce is damaged due to pests. The extensive use of pesticides has inflicted serious health problems to human beings
and is also influencing the biodiversity. The environmental contamination by agricultural pesticides is increasing gradually
and they are reaching the aquatic environments in detectable concentrations from the site of their application. Due to the
above mentioned health and environmental hazards that are associated with the pesticide contamination, the early detection
and subsequent detoxification of the polluted environment is essential. Thus there is an urgent need to evolve a strategy
based on “green” technologies that can detoxify the pesticide-contaminated areas. Organophosphorous pesticides are
one of the major chemicals responsible for the contamination and deterioration of soil and groundwater, particularly in
the close vicinities of agricultural fields . The present study deals with the Isolation of microbial species capable of
degrading Triazophos and optimization of the conditions that will favour their growth and the ability to degrade the
selected organophosphorus pesticide and its metabolites were analyzed by thin layer chromatography and gas
Chromatography to develop an efficient and low-cost biotechnological strategy that the farmers and pesticide users can
adopt on-site for an effective clean up of pesticide contaminated agricultural fields and water bodies. It was elucidated
that the selected species are effective biodegrading agents and by using large scale culture techniques, the selected
species can be employed as very effective biodegrading agents in pesticide contaminated fields as effective biocleaners
and this will be an economically feasible microbial based biotechnological approach to mitigate the ill-effects of Triazophos
on environmental quality and public health.
Keywords: Pesticides, biodegradation, biodiversity, environmental pollution.
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Diversity Determination of Ammonia Oxidising Consortia used in Nitrifying
Bioreactors Designed for Deploying in Brackish Water Culture Systems
Preena P.G and I.S. Bright Singh
National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Cochin 682 016,
INDIA
Abstract: Two nitrifying bacterial consortia (NBC) were developed from marine and brackish water for their application
in tropical Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) in the activation of nitrifying bioreactors. They have been demonstrated
as start up cultures for the activation of nitrifying bioreactors and successfully demonstrated in shrimp larval rearing and
maturation systems.The addition of commercial nitrifying bacterial products has resulted in significant improvement of
nitrification efficiency in RAS. The diversity of ammonia oxidizing consortia grown at 15ppt salinity has been analysed
by employing molecular tools. Random cloning of universal 16S rRNA gene PCR product in to pGEM-T Easy vector
resulted in several recombinant colonies. Plasmids from 60 positive clones were extracted and subjected to Amplified
Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis using three enzymes Hae III, Hpa II and Alu I. The restriction pattern of the digests
on 3% Agarose gel revealed the diversity of the consortia. The representative clones can further be selected for sequencing
and also to determine their phylogenetic characterization paving the way for better understanding of the presence of
nitrifiers, denitrifiers and heterotrophs which exist together in the consortium.
Keywords: Nitrifying bacterial consortia, recirculating aquaculture system, nitrifying bioreactor, cloning, amplified
ribosomal DNA restriction analysis, diversity.
AAS estimation of Iron in Coriandrum sativum L. (Dhania)
Poonam Shevde, Sushama Lele and Ravikiran Bhagat
Viva College, Virar (West), Thane–401303, INDIA
Abstract: The method has been developed for determination of Iron in Coriandrum Sativum L.(Dhania). Assessment of
heavy metals is very important because it causes health risk like Hypogonadism, Cardiomyopathy and arrhythmia, Liver
cirrhosis, Liver cancer, Heart failure, Gray or bronze skin pigmentation. In present study simple method for the
determination of Fe in Coriandrum Sativum L (Dhania) is developed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS).
The results of the investigation of selectivity of the proposed AAS method proved that this procedure is not affected by
high concentrations of other metals. The calibration graph for iron is found to be linear at levels near the detection limit
up to at least 0.10microg ml-1. Iron was retained as Fe-PDPHBBAO complex and extracted into chloroform. The optimal
conditions for the extraction of the iron complex were determined. The AAS method was applied to the determination of
Fe in Coriandrum Sativum L.(Dhania) from different areas. The accuracy of the developed method was sufficient and
evaluated in comparison with a photometric method. The obtained results demonstrated that the procedure could be
successfully applied for the analysis of food samples with satisfactory accuracy.
Keywords: iron determination, flame atomic absorption spectrometry, PDPHBBAO 1, 2 -propanedione, 1-phenyl-1-(2hydroxy-5-bromobenzylideneazine)-2-oxime
Screening Appropriate Cellulolytic Microorganisms for the Bioconversion of
Chemically Delignified Coirpith
P.Asha and I.S. Bright Singh
School of Environmental Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin 682 022, INDIA
Abstract: Coirpith, a lignocellulosic material, is produced as 50 % of the waste from coir industry in Kerala which could
be efficiently bio-converted into ethanol, a promising alternative energy source for the limited crude oil. Accordingly, a
study was conducted to assess the feasibility of using coir pith for the production of cellulases by employing bacterial
and fungal strains procured from Microbial Type Culture Collection, IMTECH, Chandigarh. Of the 37 strains, 6 were
selected based on the activity on the plates supplemented with cellulose and also based on insoluble chromogenic dye
test. Due to high lignin content and crystalline nature of the coir pith, chemically delignified coir pith (2% H2O2, pH
11.5) was used as the substrate in the Reese and Mandels’ medium for assaying individual cellulase activity. Highest
filter paper activity was observed on the 11th day of incubation by Aspergillus ochraceous MTCC 1810 (5.98 U/ml),
whereas highest carboxy methyl cellulase activity was shown by Pleurotus sapidus MTCC 1807 (10.39 U/ml). However,
â-D- glucosidase activity was comparatively very low. In conclusion, the study demonstrated the utilization of coir pith
175
for the production of cellulases and there by its saccharification for onward ethanol fermentation.
Keywords: Coirpith, Cellulase, chemically delignified coirpith, Microbial Type Culture Collection, Filter paper activity,
Carboxy methyl cellulase activity, â-D- glucosidase activity
Water quality parameters with different methods of Godavari River around
Nashik City, Maharashtra, India
Jadhav D.D.1 and Medhane V. J.2,
1Department
of Chemistry, K.S.K.W.Arts, Science and Commerce, College, CIDCO, Nashik – 422008, INDIA
2Department of Chemistry, K.R.T. Arts, B.H. Commerce and A.M.Science College, Nashik – 422002, INDIA
Abstract: Water Quality is an important factor to judge environment changes, which are strongly associated with social
and economic development. The river Godavari also known as Dakshin Ganga flows through the Nashik city. In Nasik
municipal area surface waters are mostly of good quality, but pollution is increasing. The river, passing through Nasik
City, is 70% polluted by domestic pollution and 30% by industries. River Godavari was found to be polluted at different
stretches, mainly due to industrial, domestic and agriculture pollution. The major source of pollution is sewage, discharges
of untreated effluents from industries and agriculture run off. It is noteworthy that no water source quality is targeted to
be desirable above class. In other words, none of the sources are safe for drinking or bathing without conventional
treatment. The time has come to see if this trend can be reversed at least partially in some sources and efforts taken to
conserve good water quality. The present study deals with the water quality assessment of 25km stretch of Godavari
River from Someshwar to Nandur in Nasik. Attempts were made to identify point and non-point sources of pollution,
collect data, define the status of water quality, and review existing and suggest additional conservation measures. The
study stretch is sacred and attracts pilgrims in large numbers. As a result, the river has become the dustbin for eventual
disposal of all sorts of pollutants (waste water, debris, etc.) generated on account of pilgrimage activities, as well as due
to rapid and unplanned growth of human settlements along both sides of the river banks, inadequate sewage disposal and
treatment facilitates, etc.
Keywords: Water quality parameters.
Floristic Composition and Vegetation Dynamics of Sand Dunes in the Coastal
Areas, Visakhapatnam, Bay of Bengal, India
S. Aparna and Raja Sekhar P.S
Department of Environmental sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530003, INDIA
Abstract: The present study gives the outline of different floral communities, structure and distribution in coastal sand
dunes vegetation of Visakhapatnam on East coast of India. This study finding revealed that total of 56 plant species of
twenty six families were recorded in the different zones of sand dunes in Visakhapatnam. In the paper inventory on
quantitative analysis of vegetation distribution and Importance Value Index (IVI) of each plant species was presented.
On relationships of plant communities and geomorphological units (beach face, dune ridges, transgressive dune points,
primary and secondary slacks) were established based on their species composition and distribution. A distinct zonal
distribution of plant communities were also recorded with structure like herbs, shrubs, trees. Among the represented
families the Poaceae (12 species) and Malvaceae (6 species) were the most dominant have been distributed. The most
important plant species of pioneer vegetation consisting Ipomoea pes-caprae, Lantana camera, Casuarinas equisitifolia
is highest distribute in sand dunes. We concluded that coastal sand dunes are an important ecological system with species
richness and vegetation dynamics. Thus it has an implication for conservation of the unique biodiversity in Visakhapatnam
coastal area of Andhra Pradesh East coast, India.
Keywords: Floral communities, vegetation dynamics, costal sand dunes, importance value index, species richness.
Aerobic Composting of Organic fraction of Municipal solid wastes in a
Laboratory scale Rotary in-vessel Reactor
Monson C.C., Murugappan A. and Senthilkumar G.
Department of Civil Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar.Tamilnadu, INDIA
Abstract: The population rush towards the potential urban areas, have led to the enormous increase in the generation of
Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) due to their changing life style patterns. The present statuses have arrived due to the
rapid growth of high rise apartments and shopping malls in both the cities and satellite towns. Proper scientific management
176
of solid wastes must be enforced such that it is recycled onsite itself and got disposed in its stabilized form to minimize
the load of treatment and disposal for the local authorities. The extreme heterogeneity of MSW is the key obstacle but
however by adopting suitable methods like aerobic or anaerobic composting, great volume reduction can be achieved
from the source segregated Organic Solid Wastes (OSW). The best method of volume reduction of OSW can be achieved
only by aerobic composting in an in-vessel at controlled conditions. In this context, to stabilize the wastes, a laboratory
scale rotary enclosed reactor intended for onsite aerobic composting has been developed for composting the OSW. The
trials have been carried out for 14 days in the reactor to identify the right combination with different input feedstock C/
N ratios to start with and also to identify the best rate of reduction of C/N ratio after composting. Mix C (input C/N ratio
in between 30-35) has produced the best rate of reduction from 31.41 to 19.19 with a high temperature of 63°C developed
on the 3rd day, found higher compared to other input ratios of 40-45, 35-40 and 25-30. A linear fit has enforced the results
with an input C/N ratio of 30-35 producing the best R2 value of 0.977.
Keywords: Municipal Solid Waste, Feed stock, Organic solid waste, In-vessel Composting, Carbon to Nitrogen ratio,
Bioremediation potential of an aquaculture bioaugmentor Bacillus cereus sensu
lato MCCB 101 in Shrimp Pond Sediment, India
Riya George, M.Haseeb and I.S.Bright Singh
National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Cochin – 682016,
INDIA
Abstract: Bacillus cereus sensu lato MCCB 101 exhibited high production of amylase, proteases, xylanase and
comparatively little quantity of lipase activity assessed based on qualitative analysis. In an effort to study the effect of
various cell counts of the organism viz 104,105,106,107cfu ml-1 on total organic carbon (TOC), pH and Eh in pond
sediments, the experimental tanks were applied with the culture while the control tanks were maintained to promote
natural attenuation for a period of 15 days. pH ranged between 7 to 8 and the total organic carbon got reduced by 30 36% on 4th day of application where the highest reduction was observed in the system which was supplied with 106 CFU
ml -1. Eh got elevated by 40 -50% in treated tanks applied with ell counts ranging from 104 - 106 cfu ml-1. Significant
negative correlation existed between TOC and Eh which was higher in the system with 105 CFU ml-1 rather than the
systems supplied with higher cell counts such as 106 and 107 cfu ml-1. Data generated indicated that a single application
was well sufficient for a span of 15 days after which it had to be replenished.
Keywords: Bacillus, bioaugmentor, bioremediation, aquaculture, shrimp, sediment.
Identification of radio Nuclides in soil samples from selected Locations in
Kerala, India
Ramsiya M. and Antony Joseph
Department of Physics, University of Calicut, Kerala-673635, INDIA
Abstract: Environmental radioactivity is an unavoidable phenomenon and is definitely harmful to all living organisms. It
is non uniformly distributed in earth’s crust and Kerala is considered as one of the High Back Ground Radiation Areas.
The present study is initiated with the objective of detecting various radio nuclides present in the soil from five different
places in the districts of Thrissur and Malappuram in Kerala, using Scintillation detector NaI(Tl), connected to multi
channel analyzer. The samples were analyzed using gamma ray spectroscopic method and the photo peaks from the
spectrum indicates the presence of lead (212Pb, 214Pb), actinium (228Ac), bismuth(214Bi) and potassium (40K). The gamma
radiation levels and activity concentrations of these samples were studied and those parameters are compared with the
values reported from other locations in India.
Keywords: Environmental radio activity, soil sample.
Biodegradable and Ecofriendly idols helps to protect aquatic Biota
Ram Kumar Mahajan and S.K. Mahajan*
Former Professor of Botany, Govt.P.G.College, Khargone-451 001, MP, INDIA
Abstract: The present communication deals about the importance of biodegradable idols that are ecofriendly and helps
to protect our aquatic biota..India is famous as the “ Land of festivals”.Every year in our country a large number of
festivals are organized especially by Hindus. The idols of Lord Ganesha and Goddess Durga are worshipped by the
Hindus during the months of September and October of each year and afterwards they are immersed in different water
177
bodies throughout the country at the time of Anant Chaturdashi and last day of Navratri respectively. It is well known that
these idols are made from plaster of paris ( POP), hay, cloth, paper, thermocol jute, adhesive material, metals and
synthetic paints etc. Out of these, most of the materials are non-biodegradable and cause water pollution. Due to this our
aquatic flora and fauna are affected adversely and killed. Several studies have indicated that water quality of the water
bodies before pre- and post-immersion of the idols is deteriorated and water parameters like turbidity, pH, temperature,
alkalinity, total hardness, DO, COD and BOD showed significant adverse changes due to this. Besides this during
Moharram festival also on the last day of this function, tajia are immersed in various water bodies which also create
water pollution. This also adds some non-biodegradable materials in the water bodies. If we want to keep our water
bodies clean , then we shall have to find other solutions. There are some practices in few places of our country where
idols are immersed by digging big pits near the bank of rivers or ponds or any other aquatic bodies. This may check water
pollution to certain extent which should be encouraged in future. Nowadays people in various parts of our country have
become aware about this fact and are making idols with the help of wet soil.
Keywords: Water pollution, Environment, biodegradable material.
Toxic effect of sodium fluoride on liver and kidney of chicken and its mitigation
by Black tea extract: An in vitrostudy
Mrugesh H. Trivedi and Neha P. Sangai
Department of earth and environmental science, KSKV Kachchh University, Mundra Road, Bhuj – 370 001, Kachchh, Gujarat,
INDIA
Abstract: Fluorine (as fluoride ion) is the thirteenth most abundant element, present to the extent of 0.06–0.9% in the
Earth’s crust, according to a 1984 report of the WHO.Chicken is one of the most widely used mammals as food worldwide.
The present investigation was carried out with the aim to investigate the effect of sodium fluoride (250 to 650 mgNaF/kg
body weight) and mitigatory effect of black tea extract (BTE) on liver and kidney of chicken in vitro condition on the Finduced enzymatic and non-enzymatic parameters of oxidative stress. Liver and kidney homogenateswere incubated at
370C with different dosage of NaF for four hours. After incubation period, we found significant increase in levels of LPO
as well as reduction inenzymatic antioxidants viz. CAT, SOD, and GPX. No changes were observed in only BTE treated
tubes after four hour incubation. However, incubation of BTE along with NaF for 4 hours resulted in significant mitigation
of all the NaF-induced toxic effects. Therefore, chicken fed on high fluoride diet or water contaminates with F toxicity as
compared to chicken having no or low exposure to fluoride.
Keywords: black tea extract, chicken, fluoride toxicity, kidney, liver and oxidative stress.
Application of Ground Penetrating Radar in Sub-Bottom Profiling of
Punem Lake, Manipur, India
Sinam Reema Chanu
Department of Earth Sciences, Manipur University, Imphal-795003, MN, INDIA
Abstract: Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) was used to profile the sub-surface of Punem Lake. 100 MHz RTA was
chosen as a balance between fine resolution and deep penetration. The achieved radar data was processed and interpreted
in RadExplorer. Data processing comprised of the correction of the time zero position, applying main filters and timevariant amplitude gain. The water depth was mapped throughout the lake. Sediment accumulation generally could be
observed in the radar profiles in the lake. GPR radargram shows the various sediment layers and the lacustrine sediment
thickness. Variations in the lake bottom characteristics could be identified. The ground-penetrating radar data are interpreted
on the basis of characteristics of the reflectors. The sediments that had accumulated in the Punem Lake are characterized
by horizontal continuous line, hyperbolic curve and chaotic reflection. Since the lake is shallow, water depths are about
1 to 2 meters with the sediment thickness reaching upto 4 to 4.5 meters. In most areas, GPR data indicate a layer of
sediment between 1 and 1.82 meters thick.
Keywords: GPR, Punem lake, sediment, sub-bottom profile.
Water Quality management of water resources of Bhopal city, India:
Challenges and Scope
Suman Malik1, Kanti Pachori2 and Amit Dubey1
1Sadhu
Vaswani College, SantHirdaram Nagar, Bairagarh, Bhopal, INDIA
Nirbhay Singh Patel Science College, Indore, INDIA
2Govt.
Abstract: Water has been the epicenter of human civilizations since the very beginning. Mankind needs water for drinking,
178
irrigation, industrial, navigational and many other uses. With the advancement of time, the dependence of mankind on
water has increased many folds. Rapid urbanization, rise in human population, increased industrial uses and wastage of
water has resulted in increased water demands. Further the increased environmental pressures on the water resources has
resulted in degradation in the water quality of these already scarce water resources, thereby further worsening the water
availability scenario. Bhopal, the capital city of the state of Madhya Pradesh in bestowed with a large number of lentic
water bodies scattered in its undulating landscape. Once a medium sized town, Bhopal always boasted of plentiful
availability of water and water shortage was unheard of a couple of decades ago. However rapid urbanization in the city
in past few decades has resulted in a unprecedented rise in the water demand of the city. Further the rise in population has
also resulted in increased waste production, which in turn has resulted in the deterioration in the water quality of the
water resources of the city. At present the city depends upon Upper Lake, Kolar reservoir and River Narmada for the
supply of potable water but that too is proving insufficient to cater the ever increasing demands. This has resulted in the
need of probing into alternate sources of water for the city. Though the city has large number of water bodies in and
around it which hold considerable amount of water capable of sufficing the immediate need, the quality of the water is a
cause of concern. As these water sources are not used for potable purposes as yet, they often face neglect and are
therefore subjected to various anthropogenic pressures resulting in degradation in the water quality of these water sources
as depicted by the high concentrations of pollution indicating parameters like BOD, COD, nitrate, phosphate etc. The
present study encompasses the study of water quality of some of the important water resources of the city, identify the
environmental problems associated with them and suggest mitigative measures thereof.
Keywords: BOD, COD, nitrate, phosphate, water bodies.
Decolorization of Textile dyes by Membrane Immobilized Bimetallic
Nanoparticles
Joshni T Chacko and Kalidass Subramaniam
Department of Biotechnology and Health sciences, Karunya University, Karunya Nagar, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: A massive fraction of dyes are discharged from the textile industries in the form of effluents and cause severe
damage to the environment. Cost-effective and eco-friendly approaches are needed to counter textile dye pollution. In
this study, we have used immobilized Fe/Pd bimetallic nano-particles (an eco friendly strong reducing agent) in poly
acrylic acid coated poly vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) MF membrane for textile dye decolorization. Dye solutions of five
selected dyes were taken for degradation studies (Red RR, Red HDDL, Yellow RR, Blue FNG and Black GDN). Dye
solutions were incubated with the immobilized Fe/Pd bimetallic nano-particles. Dye decolorization was quantified using
UV/Visible spectrophotometer. Effective color removal was obtained within one hour at varying percentage for five
dyes, viz., Blue FNG (96.10%), Red HDDL (82.10%), Yellow RR (78.10 %), Red RR (80.85) and Black GDN (95.1%).
Maximum decolorization was obtained for Blue FNG (96.1%). The HPLC analysis of the decolorized solution indicated
the presence of metabolites of dye. Hence it is inferred that decolorization was due to the degradation of dyes. The
reported ability of the immobilized bimetallic nanoparticles to rapidly decolorize the dyes can be employed to avoid
pollution by decolorizing the textile dye effluents.
Keywords: Textile dyes, bimetallic nanoparticles, immobilization, remediation.
Assessment of capacity of Zeolite in Adsorption of Ammonia-N from
Synthetic solutions and Chicken Manure
Ashamol Antony and Baskaran Manimaran
Department of Fisheries Environment, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi – 628 008, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: Ammonia volatilization is a major process of N loss that affects the environment. Large quantum of ammonia
emissions are from livestock production. The best way of capturing volatilized ammonia-N could be using zeolite as a
good ion exchange medium before it gets either volatilized or nitrified. The zeolite used for the study was a commercially
available zeolite, (CLINZEX) which was a fine powder(CEC 3.9- 4 meq/g). Two experiments were designed for this
study. The first experiment was a preliminary one to assess the capacity of zeolite in adsorption of ammonia-N by using
synthetic solutions such as urea, ammonium chloride and a mixture (1:1) of urea and ammonium chloride. Zeolite
packed in cotton cloth after a specific period of immersion showed highest TAN value (1.59%) in mixture (1:1) of
ammonium chloride and urea solutions and the lowest TAN value (0.35%) was with zeolite immersed in urea solution.The
second experiment was carried out using chicken manure The experiment was conducted to assess the relationship
between manure ammonia-N adsorption, length of time, type of manure and agitation using chicken manure. The ammoniaInternational Science Congress Association
179
N removal capacity of zeolite from the manure was assessed in the experiment. Two treatments (TCM-I and TCM-II)
using chicken manure as source of manure-N was carried out in which TCM-II was treatment with agitation. The maximum
removal of TAN was recorded after 48 hours of treatment in the case of TCM-I and 96 hours in the case of TCM-II. Ftest analysis showed a highly significant (P<0.01) variation between different treatments (TCM-I and TCM-II).
Keywords: Zeolite, chicken manure, ammonia volatilization, urea, ammonium chloride.
Analysis of Water Quality Using Physico-Chemical Parameters of Hasdeo Area
in Korea District, Chhattisgarh, India
Pratima Rani Dwivedi1 and M.R. Augur2
of Chemistry, Dr. C.V. Raman University, Bilaspur, CG, INDIA
2Dept of Chemistry, Govt. Agrsen College, Bilha, CG, INDIA
1Dept.
Abstract: This Paper Present to study of the Physico-chemical Parameters of Hasdeo River’s water of Korea District,
Chhattisgarh. Monthly Changes In Physical and Chemical Parameters Such as Water Temperature, Transparency, Turbidity,
Total Dissolved Solids, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Free Carbon dioxide, and Total Hardness, Chlorides, Alkalinity, Phosphate
and Nitrates. Were analyzed for a periods of month of April-May 2012. All Parameters were within the Permissible
limits. The results indicate that the water of Hasdeo area is Non-polluted and can be used for Domestic, Irrigation and
Pisciculture.
Keywords: Physico-Chemical Parameters, Irrigation, Permissible limits.
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ISCA-ISC-2013-09FS-01
Variations in Handwriting Characteristics among Settled and
Migrant groups of Delhi, India
Monika Saini
Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi -110007, INDIA
Abstract: Handwriting is an ancient and classic way of communication. Variation in handwriting is an integral part of
handwriting analysis. In the present study an attempt has been made to highlight the role of handwriting to establish the
variability among Settled and Migrant groups of Delhi. Important features of handwriting were obtained and classified
into Macro and micro features. These features were used to see the discriminating power of handwriting for different
Ethnic groups in Delhi. In addition to this changes in handwriting patterns were also observed with respect to different
factors like age, gender and education level etc. Preliminary analysis of the present study shows significant differences
in few handwriting characteristics among settled and migrant groups of Delhi. Overall comparison between these ethnic
groups reveals that different handwriting features are peculiar among different ethnic groups which also establishes the
role of handwriting as a tool of identification. No study on the variability in handwriting pattern among different ethnic
groups has been done so far. This approach provides impetus for identifying ethnicity with the help of handwriting
features and assists in Forensic document examination.
Keywords: Handwriting analysis, ethnic groups, handwriting variations, document examination.
ISCA-ISC-2013-09FS-02
Dowry related Domestic Violence: A study from Western UP, India
Priyanka Rawal and Jyoti Singh
Amity Institute of Forensic Sciences, Amity University, Noida, UP, INDIA
Abstract: Marriage in India is a voluntary union for life of man and woman to the exclusion of all others. It is a social
association where the husband has the responsibility to take care and maintain his wife throughout the life. But in relation
to this great institution, the problem of the “dowry” still persists. The world has entered the new millennium but it is a
harsh reality that the woman in India has long been ill-treated in our society for dowry. She is deprived of her independent
identity and is looked upon as a commodity. The practice of dowry is an expected part of marriage in cultures where
arranged marriages are the norm. Violence can occur when the dowry or bride-price is deemed unsatisfactory by the
recipient. Women are ill-treated, harassed, killed or divorced for the simple reason that they do not get a dowry or do not
get a sufficiently large one. In India, in spite of laws prohibiting the practice, not much has changed over the last 30 years.
Thirty cases of dowry related Domestic Violence were studied here. Majority of women who were not working, have a
lower household income, illiterate, and have a partner who drinks/bets, etc. found to be experiencing dowry related
domestic violence. The result of this pilot study indicates that Economic empowerment, together with higher education
and modified cultural norms may protect the women from such type of evil.
Keywords: Related, domestic, violence, study.
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181
ISCA-ISC-2013-10FCCS-01
Knowledge on Nutritional Labeling of Selected College Students
N. Prabhavathy Devi and B. Suvitha
Department of Home Science, Queen Mary’s College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: The study was carried out to analyze the knowledge, awareness and practice of food labels among college
students in Chennai. 100 college students of the age group 17-22years were selected as subjects, based on their willingness
to participate in the study. A well framed questionnaire on the various components present in a food label, according to
the food labeling regulation of India was used to assess the food labels of the 10 classified food A survey was adopted
and information pertaining to the knowledge, awareness and practice of food labels and importance given to nutrition
label by the subjects were collected through a well questionnaire. majority of the adolescence indicated that the always
influence broad casted through brand name (79 percent) was the major source of information to know about the introduction
of new product.A greater percentage of adolescence always considered types (89 percent) as the for most factor as brand
preference for nutritional label food product. There was no significant difference in the factors related to nutritional
labeling product as per the locality There was significant difference in the factors related to nutritional labeling food
product as per the marital status There significant difference between the factors related to nutritional labeling and their
age group There was no significant difference between the factors related to nutritional labeling foods and their type of
income.
Keywords: nutrition label- brands- food laws- health- adolescents.
Haemotological Profile of Smokers and Nonsmokers
N. Prabhavathy Devi and J. Bhuvaneshwari,
Department of Home Science, Queen Mary’s College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: Cigarette smoking is one of the major lifestyle factors influencing the health of human beings. Cigarette
smoking is a serious health problem to smokers and to those exposed to it. Lung cancer is the major danger for smokers
but diseases of the blood vessels and the heart account for one third of all excess death in smokers. The effect of
complete blood count level on middle aged male smokers compared with nonsmokers subjects revealed that smoking has
severe adverse effects on hematological parameters. In the present study Red Blood Cell, White Blood Cell and
Haemoglobin, Platelet Count, Prothrombin Time are significantly lower in smokers (p<0.000) compared with nonsmokers.
The result also revealed a highly significant decrease (p<0.000) in Haemotocrit (PCV), Mean Corpuscular Volume,
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin, Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration mean is low in smokers with compared
to nonsmokers. In our result it is observed that there is a significant decrease (p<0.000) in Neutrophils, Lymphocytes,
Eosinophils, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate mean is low in smokers as compared to nonsmokers., In our study total
protein are significantly lower in smokers (p<0.000) compared with nonsmokers. Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Low
Density Lipoprotein, Very Low Density Lipoprotein are significantly higher in smokers (p<0.000) compared with
nonsmokers. But the High Density Lipoprotein are significantly lower in smokers (p<0.000) compared with non-smoker
and significant increased (p<0.000) in Alkaline Phosphatase mean is high in smokers as compared with nonsmokers.
Increased leucocyte count along with raised C reactive protein levels is shown to be associated with increased mortality
rate in patients with ischemic heart disease. Thus we concluded that in smokers plasma fibrinogen concentration and
platelet count increase significantly.
Keywords: smoking-blood count-lipid profile-liver- enzyme.
Promotion of Indigenous Ingredients for Quality living of the Consumers
S. Thilagamani and R. Krishnaveni
Dept. of Food Service Mgt. and Dietetics, Avinashilingam Institute For Home Science and Higher Education for Women,
Coimbatore, TN, INDIA
Abstract: Regionality in foods are noted by their very nature of existence and availability and have a land based
geographical origin. Regional foods use ingredients that are cheap and grown locally. A preliminary survey was undertaken
to study the usage of indigenous ingredients among the people in Niligiris district of Tamil Nadu with special emphasis
on the Badaga community. The indigenous ingredients used in the area of Badagas are Barley (kanjae), Samai (batha),
Amaranth seeds (keerae bithu), Bamboo shoot (ootu kudi). Health benefits of indigenous ingredients are the anticarcinogenic properties of peptide lunasin in amaranth seeds and also a rich source of protein with a high nutritional
value. Samai helps to heal the wound inside the uterus after delivery. Bamboo shoots are rich source of lignans. Bamboo
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shoots can stimulate regular menstruation and also believed to induce labor during last stages of pregnancy. The present
study revealed the importance of indigenous ingredients for the better benefits of mankind and promote quality living
among the population. A total of 100 recipes elicited from the region were standaridised, course of menu for different
occasions with the unique ingredients of the Niligiris region were compiled for use at all levels and was uploaded in the
web page. Use of such indigenous ingredients in food service operations can benefit a larger community and promote
health of the consumers.
Keywords: Promotion, indigenous, ingredients, quality, living, consumers.
Medicinal Plants used by Konkana tribals of Nasik, Maharashtra, India,
As a remedy after Childbirth
Aher M.H.
KRA Art’s, Science and Commerce College Deola, Dist-Nashik, Maharashtra, INDIA
Abstract: India is one of the twelve Mega biodiversity Country of the world having rich vegetation with the wide variety
of plants with unique Medicinal value. Tribal Peoples occupy a larger part of Indian culture and society. Herbal Medicines
have great demand due to their permanent effect and little or no side effects. In India Indigenous System of medicine
(Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani) have been well established several centuries ago. Nashik District of Maharashtra has rich
flora in its varied type of forests. The Konkana tribals reside in Nashik District. The field trips in these areas were carried
out during intervals in Dec. 2008 –June 2011. The ethno botanical survey revealed use of 18 plants species belonging to
different Families as a remedy after childbirth. Present paper deals information after discussion with local lady Vaidus
which can help to discover new drugs remedy used after childbirth. The given data is scientifically tabulated and analyzed.
Keywords: Ethno medicine, Ethan botany, Folklore Konkana tribe, Remedy, Childbirth.
Nutritional and Anti Nutritional Factors in Dehydrated Unconventional
Green Leafy Vegetables
Pattan Neeta and Usha Devi C.
Department of Food and Nutrition, Smt VHD Central Institute of Home Science, Seshadri Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA
Abstract: Green Leafy Vegetables (GLV) are dense in micronutrients, and are of great importance to the nutrition of
population in developing countries. Nutritive value of commonly consumed GLV has been studied extensively, but there
is very less information available on nutritive value of unconventional GLV. Hence an attempt has been made to analyse
the nutritional composition and anti nutritional factors in selected fifteen dehydrated unconventional GLV in Bangalore
city, Karnataka, India. The iron content of greens ranged between 18.3mg to104mg/100g, with the highest content in
Honagone greens, Alternanthera sessilis (104.53mg). The calcium content ranged between 104mg-388mg, and the highest
calcium content found in Thonde greens, Coccinia grandis (388.72 mg). Among the anti nutritional factors, tannins
content ranged between 161mg – 1688 mg, with lowest content in Anne greens, Celosta argentea (161.60mg). The
oxalates ranged between 45mg-275mg, the lowest content of 45mg was observed in Vayu greens, Gynandropsis
pentaphylla.
Keywords: Unconventional greens, iron, oxalates.
Ergonomics and Professional Dentistry
Visalakshi Rajeswari S., Saraswathy. V and Daleena Sebastian
Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore – 641043, TN, INDIA
Abstract: A dentist is an accredited medical professional who specializes in the care of oral health of patients, but their
occupational health is always at risk. Sophisticated dental equipment, though has introduced the potential for improving
occupational health of dental practitioners, little research has been reported on work related musculoskeletal disorders
(WMSDs) in dentistry. The occupational patterns that appear to be influential include excessive use of small muscles,
repetitive motions, tight grips, fixed working positions, raised arms, limited movement and long- term static load on
muscles.WMSDs are a group of painful disorders of muscles, tendons, and nerves. Fixed or awkward postures (of the
neck, back, shoulder, hand/ wrist, standing/ sitting), unassisted frequent or heavy lifting, forceful hand exertions, grasping
small instruments for long, forceful squeezing/ release of instruments, repetitive movements (scaling, root planning,
polishing), operator organization, patient positioning, prolonged use of vibrating hand tools- dental hand pieces, laboratory
equipment all are causal factors, especially for those in dental profession, about which they are unaware of. Ergonomics
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has formed an integral aspect of dental education. However, studies continued to indicate that dentists are at risk for
developing musculoskeletal problems even today.Recognition is accorded the first critical step to avoiding or neutralizing
ergonomic habits and work careers. As health is a resource that has to be managed, a microlevel study on locating
WRMSDs among Dentists in Coimbatore City selecting 60 samples (30 each of men and women dentists) adopting
purposive sampling was launched to comprehend the Propensity for WMSDs among Dentistswith the objectives of
examining their work profile, physical and work place ergonomics and to identify the causal factors contributing to
WRMSD in them. The article explains the salient findings of the study, which proved the fact that the Dentist population
suffer from WMSD is indisputable.
Keywords: Dentistry, Ergonomics, work related musculoskeletal disorders, propensity.
An Empirical Study on Family Dysfunction in relation to Differentiation of
Self and Spiritual Intelligence
V. Rajeswari1 and Jessy Jacob2
1Dept.
of Education, Mother Teresa Women’s University, Kodaikanal, TN, INDIA
& Counselling, Mother Teresa Women’s University, Kodaikanal, TN, INDIA
2Guidance
Abstract: The dysfunctional family is the family where the relationships among family members are not conducive to
psychological, spiritual and physical health and for the proper growth of its members. The concept of dysfunctional
family is based on a system approach to mental health diagnosis and treatment, where the individual’s symptoms are seen
in the context of relationships with other individuals and groups, rather than the problem unique to the client. Differentiation
of self is the concept that emerged in the context of the system approach by Murray Bowen, and the concept ‘spiritual
intelligence’ is developed by YosiAmram. These concepts ‘fairly contribute to each other. Differentiation of self from the
family of origin is thought to be a significant factor in psychological functioning. Spiritual intelligence helps the people
to translate problems and struggles of life in to spiritual issues and to find more gratifying and rewarding solutions to
these problems. The study verified the relationship between these variableswith a sample of 544 adults – spouses. Result
indicated that there is a significant relationship between these variables namely- differentiation of self, spiritual intelligence
and dysfunction of the family.Success of the family functioning can be improved by enhancing differentiation of self and
spiritual intelligence.
Keywords: Family dysfunction, differentiation of self, spiritual intelligence, system approach, relationship in the family.
An international peer reviewed monthly journal
International Research Journal of
Environmental Sciences
ISSN No.: 2319-1414
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ISCA-ISC-2013-11MatS-01
Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocrystalline FE3O4
B.I. Ita
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Group, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, NIGERIA
Abstract: The Fe3O4 has been synthesized from iron (II) sulphate, iron (III) nitrate and diethyleneglycol using a novel
sol-gel route at 400oC. The synthesized Fe3O4 has been found to be a nanocrystalline ferromagnetic oxide with cubic
geometry. The unit – cell parameters are obtained as a = b = c = 8.3885Ao.
Keywords: Synthesis, Fe3O4, Sol-gel, nanocrystalline, ferromagnetic.
Effects of Polyvinyl Chloride Addition on Swelling Resistance of Nitril Rubber
Yasser Haider A.1, Al-Maamori Mohammed H.1 and Al-Mosawi Ali I.2
1College
of Engineering Materials, Babylon University, IRAQ
Institute-Babylon, Babylon, IRAQ
2Technical
Abstract: A research aim to improving the swelling resistance of Nitril rubber NBR by insertion a various amounts of
Polyvinyl chloride PVC,( 30% ,50% and 70% ) respectively, at curing condition ( temperature 170 ºC, pressure 90 bar
during 20 min) that leads to create a new polymer morphology of polymer blend. It is worth noting that NBR acts as a
permanent plasticizer for PVC in applications such as wire and cable insulation in which PVC improves the chemical
resistance, and abrasion resistance of NBR. swelling resistance in the oil and distilled water exponentially improved with
increasing PVC content in blend, weather resistance and thermal stability of NBR is also developed with PVC addition
due to PVC have higher glass transition temperature which 87 ºC than NBR which is -15 ºC .
Keywords: Nitril rubber, Polyvinyl chloride, swelling resistance.
Electrical Conduction and Colossal Magnetoresistive Effect of Double Layered
CMR Manganite Nd1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7
Y.S. Reddy1 and C. Vishnuvardhan Reddy2
1Department
of Physics, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Gandipet, Hyderabad – 500 075, INDIA
2Department of Physics, Osmania University, Hyderabad – 500 007, INDIA
Abstract: A polycrystalline double layered colossal magnetoresistive manganite Nd1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7 was prepared by solgel method and characterized using powder X-ray diffraction. The sample shows single phase body-centered tetragonal
structure. The electrical resistivity measurements, both in absence and presence of applied magnetic field, were undertaken
in the temperature range 40 K - 300 K. The sample shows an insulator-to-metal transition temperature (TIM) at 86 K. The
analysis of temperature dependent resistivity data above TIM reveals that the conduction follows Mott type of variable
range of hopping mechanism. The sample shows MR H” 30% at TIM with an applied magnetic field of 3 T.
Keywords: Magnetoresistance, variable range hopping, conduction process, layered perovskite, manganite.
Effect of fatty acid profile on Peroxide Value of some biodiesels and blends
K.Rajagopal1 and Adeel Ahmad2
1Department
of Biotechnology, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology (CBIT), Gandipet, Hyderabad-500075 INDIA
unit, Department of Physics, Nizam college, Osmania University, Hyderabad-500001 INDIA
2Biophysics
Abstract: In the present situation of fuel crisis, biodiesel is the better alternative to the Petroleum Diesel (PD). In the
present study, Peroxide Value (PV) of Cottonseed Oil Methyl Esters (COME) and Palm Stearin Methyl Esters (PSME)
biodiesels and their blends with PD have been studied as a function of fatty acid profile of biodiesels. PV is the parameter
which determines level of degradation. PV was determined as per American Oil Chemists Society’s (AOCS) official
method Cd 8 – 53. Fatty acid profile was measured using Gas Chromatography with Mass Spectrometer (GC – MS) as
detector. The PV of COME biodiesel and its blends were more than PSME and its blends as it is rich in unsaturated fatty
acid methyl esters content. PV of COME blends increased non linearly, whereas that of PSME linearly with increase in
blend percent of biodiesel in PD.
Keywords: Petroleum diesel, biodiesel, cottonseed oil methyl esters, palm stearin methyl esters, peroxide value.
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Enhancing efficiency of renewable energy through Nano-technology
Anandrao S. Kulkarni1, S.N. Bajantri1, Shyamrao Kulkarni2 and A.H. Dyama1
1Department
of Physics, Government First Grade College, Bijapur, Karnataka INDIA
2Department of Agronomy, UAS, Raichur INDIA
Abstract: Various studies and survey being done on energy needs reported that approximately 85 per cent of the energy
needs in the world are met by unrenewable energy sources like natural gas, coal and oil which cannot be replenished. But
renewable energy sources like solar, wind can be replinshed and these are less harmful to the environment. Here the
nano-technology offers new opportunities for efficient utilization of non fossil fuels. Various research studies working on
the development of solar panel or fuel cell combination showed that when the solar panel is producing energy, the fuel
cell is running in reverse to collect excess energy and convert it into hydrogen and store it. When sun goes down and
solar panel is no longer producing energy, the fuel cell will run forward and produce energy from hydrogen it has stored.
Like this nano technologies is being used in thermoelectricity, supercapacitors, rechargeable battery, Aerogels (oil pipelines,
natural gas, militry ships and building and constructions, boots and jackets) and nano foams insulation. Thus nano
technology could provide cost effective solution and other challenging environmental cleanup problems.
Keywords: Nano-technology, renewable energy, unrenewable energy.
Organic electronics: Eco-friendly Nano-Technology for deprived Environment
Anandrao S Kulkarni1, S.N. Bajantri1, Shyamrao Kulkarni2 and A.H.Dyama1
1Department
of Physics, Government First Grade College, Bijapur, Karnataka INDIA
2Department of Agronomy, UAS, Raichur INDIA
Abstract: For the fast four decades inorganic semi conductors like Silicon, Gallium, Arsenic and metals like Copper and
Alliuminium backbone of electronic industries. But in recent years, organic materials have received substantial attention
due to their low cost, ease of fabrication, flat panel display and improving the performance of semiconductors. These
products are lighter, more flexible, and biodegradable than the inorganics. These are carbon based device replaces Si and
Ge based transistors. These will provide an effective solution to pollution by minimizing e-waste due to their biodegradability like smart textiles, portable compact screen and Lab on a chip. Due to it’s scalability a large number of
device can be integrated on a single chip. Organic electronics has high potential application in higher luminescence
efficiency, longer life time, lower operation voltage and increase the carrier mobility. Organic solar cells could cut the
cost of solar power by replacing the expensive crystalline silicon used in most solar cells with inexpensive organic
polymers like inkjet printers and coating equipment for marking photographic film. Some of the major devices that are
manufactured using organic compounds are organic thin film transistors (OTFT’s), organic light emitting diodes (OLED’s)
and organic solar cells. Thus organic electronics has opened the door for various advancements in nano- technologies.
Keywords: Nano-technology, Organic electronics. Inorganic electronics.
Development of nano structure Plasmon Gold by Green Synthesis for
Fabrication of Bio/Chemical Sensor
Enakshi Das
Dept. of Physics, Saveetha Engineering College, Chennai, INDIA
Abstract: More recently, metallic nanostructure particles have been fruitfully employed in chemical and bio sensors.
Technological breakthrough in the fabrication of metallic nanoparticles gave rise to a development of nano Plasmon.
Usefulness of biomaterials and metal catalyst in many reactions is an urgent need of the society to fulfil our requirements.
As per the environmental issue it is our responsibility to avoid hazardous effect of metal. So choice of biocompatible and
micro- to nano-gram scale catalyst instead of toxic and gram scale is critical. Plasmon material suitable for the fabrication
of low cost biosensors based on localized surface Plasmon resonance (LSPR), UV–Vis spectroscopy can be fabricated
by a simple methodology based on sputter coating of Au on commercially available transparent surfaces. Gold particle
synthesis can be investigated by reduction reaction between Gold salt and suitable reducing agent. Concentration of gold
solution and reducing agent, synthesis parameters and mixing rate effect to particle size can be investigated. Fabricating
these nanostructures with an unprecedented control over their sizes, shapes and spacing is an essential requirement for
the construction of nanoscale optical and photonic devices. This inspired us to make our own contributions to this
exciting and highly relevant field. Using the Raman Spectroscopy the shift of surface Plasmon resonance peak can be
monitored while gold nanoislands are exposed to variable concentration of poisonous gases like ozone, CO etc. Potentially,
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this system can be useful as a sensor that identifies the presence of gases or bio molecules at low part-per-billion
concentrations in gaseous media and biomaterials.
Keywords: Nanostructure particles, nanoplasmonics, LSPR, gas sensors, biosensors, goldnanoislan, surfaceplasmons.
Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoflowers and Nanorods by Green Approach using
Azadirachta Indica and Emblica Officinalis
D. Gnanasangeetha
PSNA College of Engineering and Technology, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: The progress of green chemistry in the synthesis of nanoparticles has engrossed a great attention because
traces of chemicals left unreacted in the chemical synthesis process can be harmful. Owing to bountiful interest a competent
protocol for the production of ZnO NPs without calcinations was developed by green synthesis method using aqueous
leaf extracts of Azadirachta Indica and Emblica Officinalis. The aqueous leaf extracts acts as a solvent with manifold
roles as promoter, stabilizer and template for the synthesis of nanoparticle. The formed nanoparticles were characterized
by SEM, XRD, FTIR, and EDAX for its morphology, size, crystallinity and percentage composition. The results confirmed
the formation of nanoflowers of 51 nm for Azadirachta Indica and nanorods of 16 nm for Emblica Officinalis. Though
both the green synthesis are more trendier for nanoparticle synthesis, the biogenic green fabrication of Azadirachta is
better due to its morphology, particle size and crystallinity. Green synthesis using Azadirachta is found to be the best
stabilizer for synthesizing nanoparticle.
Keywords: Synthesis, Zinc Oxide, Nanoflowers, Nanorods, Green, Azadirachta Indica, Emblica Officinalis.
Growth and Spectroscopic Characterization of Cobalt Tartrate Crystals
Ariponnammal S. and Srinivasan T.
Department of Physics, Gandhigram Rural Institute, Deemed University, Gandhigram, Dindigul District,
Tamil Nadu – 624 302, INDIA
Abstract: Cobalt tartrate single crystals have been grown by gel growth method. The x-ray powder diffraction study has
shown that the Cobalt tartrate has been crystallized in orthorhombic structure. The scanning electron microscope reveals
the morphology of the crystal having nearly spherical particles embedded in coral reef structure. It resembles coral
flower. The particle size is determined as 80.7.nm. The analysis of EDAX has shown the presence of Cobalt and oxygen.
The FTIR study has shown the presence of O-H bond, C-H bond and metal –oxygen bond. The UV-Vis spectrum shows
high absorption in the ultra-violet region at about 365.7nm which makes the material to be suitable for UV filters. The
energy gap is determined as 1.33eV.
Keywords: Cobalt tartrate, gel growth, XRD, SEM, UV-VIS, FTIR.
Determination of Induction period, Interfacial energy, Nucleation parameters,
Thermal studies and SHG efficiency of [(E)-benzylideneamino] Thiourea
G.V. Pandian1 and P. Anbusrinivasan2
1Department
of chemistry, TBML College, Porayar, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
2Department of Chemistry, A.V.C (Autonomous) college, Mannampandal, Mayiladuthurai, Tamil Nadu INDIA
Abstract: The semi organic Non-linear crystal of [(E)-benzylideneamino] thiourea was prepared by adopting slow
evaporation solution growth technique .The, Induction period , Interfacial energy and Nucleation parameters of the
material was determined for the solvents Methanol,1:1 Methanol and 1:2 Methanol. The resulting crystals were subjected
to UV-Visible spectral study to determine its optical transparency, FT-IR Spectral study to determine its purity. Thermal
studies support the Thermal stability of the material .Further the material was found to be about 5.1 time SHG efficient
than that of Potassium dehydrogenate ortho phosphate. These studies reveals the application oriented properties of the
material-[(E)-benzylideneamino] thiourea
Keywords: Solution growth, slow evaporation technique, spectral characterization, thermal analysis.
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Structural, Morphological and Optical Comparison between UV assisted and
Chemically deposited Zinc Sulfide thin films
A.C.Dhanya1, K.Deepa1,2, P.M.Geetanjali2, M.Anupama2 and T.L.Remadevi1,2
1School
of Pure and Applied Physics, Swami Ananda Theertha Campus, Kannur University, Kerala, INDIA
2Department of Physics, Pazhassi Raja N.S.S.College, Mattannur, Kerala, INDIA
Abstract: The present work establishes the comparison between chemical bath deposited and photo assisted chemically
deposited zinc sulfide thin films. Photo assisted deposition is a newly established , very low cost technique for the
deposition of thin films, and can be easily scaled up for industrial production. It is more advantageous than all the
conventional solution deposition techniques. The objective of this work is to explore the effect of UV light on the growth
mechanism and properties of chemically deposited zinc Sulfide thin films and comparing the properties with the chemical
bath deposited films. Films were compared with respect to their structural, morphological, compositional and optical
behavior. Both as prepared and annealed films in CBD are polycrystalline of hexagonal structure with different orientations
having less intense peaks. The PCD films are mono crystalline with a single major peak. The strain was observed to be
compressional for all the films and is found to be maximum for CBD and minimum for PCD. The AFM analysis showed
that the grain size as well as the surface roughness is highly influenced by the method of deposition. The increase in
surface roughness is associated with the increase in grain size. EDAX spectrum revealed that PCD films are stoichiometric
and CBD films are appeared to be non stoichiometic in nature. The optical transmittance is very much responsive to the
average grain size, distribution of grains and surface roughness of the films, found to be high with PCD than CBD.
Keywords: PCD, CBD, XRD, AFM, EDAX.
Preparation and characterization of RE: YAG nanocrystals
Nanda Kaithwas1 and Mangla Dave2
1B.L.P.Govt.P.G.College,
2Govt.
Mhow, MP, INDIA
Model Autonomous Holkar Science College, Indore, INDIA
Abstract: Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) is an extensively used solid-state laser host material. In the present work,
RE doped YAG nanocrystals were synthesized by low temperature glycol route technique. This method consists of a
mixture of nitrates in an aqueous media. Single phase YAG nanocrystalline material obtained at 8500C. This temperature
is much lower compared to other similar techniques used for preparing nanoparticles. RE doping concentration was
optimized and kept 1 at.% in the present work. The doped material so formed was annealed at different temperatures.
The prepared nanocrystals were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, EDAX and FTIR techniques to establish the size
and structure.
Keywords: Nanocrystals, garnet, x-ray diffraction, electron diffraction.
Investigations on the Properties of Chemically Synthesised Blue luminescent
ZnSe Thin films: The effect of solution pH
K. Deepa1, A.C. Dhanya1 and T.L. Remadevi1,2
1School
of Pure and Applied Physics, Swami Ananda Theertha Campus, Kannur University, Kerala, INDIA
2Department of Physics, Pazhassi Raja N.S.S.College, Mattannur, Kerala, INDIA
Abstract: Nanocrystalline ZnSe thin films were prepared by chemical bath deposition technique (CBD) using zinc
acetate as cationic precursor and sodium selenosulfate as the chalcogenising agent. Films were synthesised by varying
pH of the reaction bath from 9.2 to 10.6 .The physical properties of the films annealed at 373K were investigated. XRD
profile of the samples revealed hexagonal structure of ZnSe for all films except at pH=10.6 which showed a mixed
phase. At lower pH, films were under compressive stress, which turned to tensile with increase in pH. The topographical
studies using AFM show the smooth surface of the samples at pH 10.6, and thereby low surface roughness. The film
thickness and grain size were considerably affected by solution pH. The films showed strong emission in the blue region
on photo excitation. The photoluminescence efficiency of the samples was found to vary with the pH of the reaction bath.
The ZnSe thin films synthesised by the cost effective CBD technique can be effectively used in luminescent devices.
Keywords: CBD, pH, XRD, AFM, photoluminescence.
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Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Cassia occidentalis Leaf abstract
T.Sujatha1, G.Anuradha2 and M.V.Ramana3
1Department
of Microbiology, SR&BGNR Govt. Arts & Science College, Khammam, A.P, INDIA
of Chemistry, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, A.P, INDIA
3Department of Physics, SR&BGNR Govt. Arts & Science College, Khammam, A.P, INDIA
2Department
Abstract: Various plant materials are considered for the synthesis of nanoparticles in green technology. The present
paper reports the synthesis of Silver from Cassia occidentalis leaf abstract. The formation of silver nanoparticles was
observed with different time intervals. The results recorded from UV-Vis spectrum, scanning electron microscope, X ray
diffraction and Fourier transfer infra red spectra were presented. Silver nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis
absorption spectroscopy, absorption peak was obtained at 418 nm. The structural peaks in XRD pattern and average
crystalline size around 26 nm clearly illustrates that Ag NPs synthesized by this green method were nanocrystalline in
nature with face centered cubic geometry.
Keywords: Cassia occidentalis leaf abstract, silver nanoparticles, biosynthesis.
Synthesis Ofmixed Oxides of Cerium-Iron Nanostructures for Effective
Removal of Heavy Metals
A.Selvapriya, D.Janani, V.Vivekananthan and C.Narendhar*
Department of nanoscience and technology, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Coimbatore-22, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract: Cerium-Iron oxide, as a mixed form or as a multi ferrite composite can be a potent material to remove organic
and inorganic contaminants through affinity based binding. Being semi conducting in nature they also exhibit elevated
photo-catalysis at nanoscale. This effect of photo catalysis can be utilized for degradation of dyes.The cerium-iron coreshell nanostructures were formed by simple co-precipitation technique and analyzed for stability over a period of one
week. The stable suspensions were subjected to particle size analysis and zeta potential measurement. Polystyrene is a
rigid polymer which can be used to fabricate a simple matrix over with a layer of Cerium-Iron oxide composite can be
coated. This matrix will be used as a column in a simulated reactor which can effectively permeate water and remove the
organic and inorganic contaminants in a normal atmospheric and environmental condition. Having high affinity for the
heavy metals like cadmium and arsenic iron nanoparticles serve as the chemical affinity provider and cerium acts as a
photocatalyst. The waste water can be analyzed by UV Visible spectroscopy for the amount of contaminants present
before and after the treatment process to measure the distribution of the heavy metals in the samples.
Keywords: X-Ray diffraction spectroscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, photo-catalysis, poly styrene, iron-cerium oxide
nanoparticles.
Silver coated TiO2 nanobelt for water treatment and photocatalytic activity
Sriprabha D. and Daniel Thangadurai T.*
Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Coimbatore, INDIA
Abstract: TiO2 nanobelt membranes with hierarchical structure were successfully synthesized by sequentially autoclaving
of TiO2 at 200oC for two days in the presence of 10 M NaOH solution. TiO2 nanobelts displayed improved sensitivity,
selectivity and short response time for ethanol vapour detection, dyes degradation, and gas sensitive performance in
comparison with sensors based on the other oxide nanostructures. The optical propriety of TiO2 has thoroughly been
investigated by spectroscopic (DLS, UV-Vis., FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction studies. These studies may contribute to
additional applications of hierarchical Ag2O/TiO2 nanobelt membranes, including harnessing sunlight for water treatment
and photocatalytic activity.
Keywords: Ag-TiO2nanobelt, hydrothermal method, water treatment, photocatalytic activity, gas sensor.
Chemical Synthesis of Ag-Fe core shell Structures for the detection of Heavy
Metals
Janani D., Selvapriya A., Ganesh K. and Narendhar C.*
Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Coimbatore-22, Tamilnadu, India
Abstract: Metal nanoparticles are intensely studied due to their unique optical, electrical and catalytic properties and it
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is being used in the fields of medicine, biology, material science, physics and chemistry. To utilize and optimize chemical
or physical properties of nano-sized metal particles, a large spectrum of research has been focused to control the size and
shape, which is crucial in tuning their physical, chemical and optical properties. Using core shell formation helps in
increasing quantum yield by passivating the surface trap states. In addition, the shell provides protection against
environmental changes, photo-oxidative degradation and provides with another route for modularity. Precise control of
the size, shape, and composition of the core and shell enable the emission wavelength to be tuned over a wider range of
wavelengths than with either individual semiconductor. Iron oxide and silver nanoparticles have several unique
properties which can be exploited in the industry. Since silver is a noble metal it can be used for applications in sensors.
The sorption behavior of the iron oxide (á-Fe2O3) nanoparticles and its applicability to purify water from the aluminum
(Al III), arsenic (As III), cadmium (Cd II), cobalt (Cd II), copper (Cu II), and nickel (Ni II) isinvestigated. Sensors can
be achieved by coating core-shell over the polymer, which helps in sensing the metals in water. The Silver-iron core-shell
nanostructures were formed by simple co-precipitation technique and analyzed for stability over a period of one week.
Then the resultant particles can be analyzed by UV-Visible, DLS and SEM.
Keywords: Ultra Violet-Visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscope.
Rapid Synthesize of gold Nanoparticles by Microwave Irradiation method and
it’s Application as an Optical limiting Material
Anju K. Augustine*, VPN Nampoori and M Kailasnath
International school of photonics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi-682022, Kerela, INDIA
Abstract: We present rapid synthesis of gold nanoparticles by microwave irradiation method. Sample with average
particle size 7.7 nm is obtained from TEM.Linear and nonlinear optical studies of the prepared samples are discussed.
Reverse saturable absorption(RSA) at longitudinal surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in gold nanoparticles (Au NPs)
have been observed using Z-scan and transient absorption techniques with 532nm laser pulses. Such RSA behavior
makes Au NPs an ideal candidate for optical limiting applications.
Keywords: Plasmon resonance, Reverse saturable absorption, optical limiting material.
Evaluation of Antibacterial efficacy of biologically synthesized silver nano
particles using Medicinal Plants
Anuradha.G1, B.Syama Sundar*1, T.sujatha2, M.V.Ramana3 and J.Sreekanth Kumar4
1Department of Chemistry, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, AP, INDIA
*Present position: Vice- Chancellor, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, AP, INDIA
2Department of Microbiology SR&BGNR Govt. Arts & Science College, Khammam, AP, INDIA
3Department of Physics, SR&BGNR Govt. Arts & Science College, Khammam, AP, INDIA
4Department of H&S Swarna Bharathi Institute of Science and Technology, Khammam, AP, INDIA
Abstract: The synthesis of metal nano particles using biological systems is an expanding research area due to the
potential application in nano medicine. Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nano particles was carried out by using
medicinal plant extracts for the reduction of aqueous silver ions in short period .In view of the importance of silver nano
particles the present work reports the synthesis and investigation of the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles from
four selective medicinal plant extracts (Ocimum sanctum, Hibiscus surattensis, Sesamum indicum and Turnera angustifolia)
using AgNo3 against E.coli bacteria. The antimicrobial property of silver nanoparticles was analyzed by measuring the
inhibition zone. The silver nanoparticles formation was confirmed by the colour change of plant extracts (AgNPs) and
further confirmed with the help of UV-Vis spectroscopy. Extracts from these plants may act both as reducing and capping
agents in AgNps synthesis. This paper demonstrates a single step green synthesis that the reaction of aqueous silver ions
with plant extract resulted in extracellular formation of AgNps at room temperature which further harvested by simple
heat drying evaporation. The results indicate that the silver nano particles may have an important advantage over
conventional antibiotics.
Keywords: Silver nano particles, Biosynthesis, Antibacterial activity, E.coli, Inhibition zone.
Preparation and Characterization of Tin Oxide Nanoparticles
P. Yuvasree1, K. Nithya1, N. Neelakandeswari2*, N. Rajasekaran2, K. Uthayarani3 and M. Chitra3
1Department
of Nanotechnology, Sri Ramakrishna Engineerning College, Coimbatore- 22, TN, INDIA
of Chemistry, Sri Ramakrishna Engineerning College, Coimbatore- 22, TN, INDIA
3Department of Physics, Sri Ramakrishna Engineerning College, Coimbatore- 22, TN, INDIA
2Department
Abstract: Tin oxide nanoparticles were prepared by modified sol-gel technique using Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium
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Bromide(CTAB) as surfactant. Effect of calcinations temperature on particle size, bandgap, crystallinity and morphology
of the nanoparticles were studied with the help of particle size analysis, UV- Diffused Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS),
powder X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. Upon increasing the calcination
temperature, crystallinity as well as crystallite size increases. Hence a red shift was observed in UV- Diffused Reflectance
Spectroscopy (DRS).Prepared nanoparticles will be used for gas sensing.
Keywords: Tin oxide nanoparticles, modified sol-gel, calcinations temperature, characterization.
Preparation and Characterization of Ceramic Products Using Sugarcane
Bagasse ash Waste
V.Hariharan1, M.Shanmugam1, K.Amutha1 and G.Sivakumar2
1Department
of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Chidambaram, 608 002, INDIA
of Physics, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, 608 002, INDIA
2Department
Abstract: In sugarcane industry bagasse ash is a residue resulting from the burning of sugarcane bagasse in boilers to
power generation. It has a very high silica concentration and contains aluminium, iron, alkali and alkaline earth oxides in
smaller amounts. In this study an attempt has been made to use this waste ash as a partial replacement in ceramic body
(Clay, Feldspar, Quartz) by different weight percentage are used to produce ceramic specimen. The chemical composition
of the samples was determined by using XRF. Each composition was milled in a ball mill to obtain a suitable homogenous
powder for specimen preparation. The green specimen was sintered under controlled temperature. The manufactured
specimen was tested for its quality assessment. The observed mechanical parameter and analytical results of the specimens
were correlated with the reference. The investigation reveals that high quality ceramic specimens could be achieved
from blended materials. Thus, sugarcane bagasse ash waste presents high potential for application in the manufacture of
ceramic products.
Keywords: Bagasse ash, Ceramic, Properties, Microstructure, Mullite.
Synthesis, Growth, Structure and Characterization of 2-Amino 4Methylpyridinium Tartrate Monohydrate Single Crystals
J.V.Jovita1*, K.Boopathi2, P.Ramasamy2, A.Ramanand3, P.Sagayaraj3
1Department
2Centre
of Physics, Queen Mary’s College for Women (A), Chennai – 600 004, Tamilnadu, INDIA
for crystal growth, SSN College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Chennai - 603 110, Tamilnadu, INDIA
3Department of Physics, Loyola College, Chennai – 600 034, Tamilnadu, INDIA
Abstract: A noncentrosymmetric, organic single crystal, 2-amino 4-methylpyridinium tartrate monohydrate was synthesized
and grown by slow evaporation solution technique at room temperature using methanol as a solvent. The crystal structure
of the grown crystal was determined by single crystal X- ray diffraction method. The various functional groups present
in the crystal were identified by the FT-IR spectral analysis. Optical properties were determined by UV-visible–NIR
spectroscopic studies. Photo conductivity studies were carried out for various voltages applied on the grown crystal. The
dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the grown crystals were studied for a range of frequency and temperature. The
thermal and mechanical stabilities of 2-amino 4-methylpyridinium tartrate monohydrate single crystal were investigated
by TGA/DTA and Vickers microhardness measurements respectively. The second harmonic generation of the grown
crystal was observed.
Keywords: Organic compounds, crystal growth, X- ray diffraction, crystal structure, characterization.
Perfomance of Nanofiltration Membrane for the Removal of Hexavalent
Chromium using Dead end Filtration
Blessy Thomas, Chidambaram Thamaraiselvan and Michael Noel
Water Research Laboratory, Water Institute, Karunya University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, INDIA
Abstract: Water pollution occurs when industries are directly or indirectly discharging waste water into water bodies
without adequate treatment, to remove harmful heavy metals like Nickel, Chromium, Zinc, Lead, Mercury and high
concentration of acids. Cr (VI) is a well-known highly toxic metal, considered a priority pollutant. Industrial sources of
Cr (VI) include leather tanning, cooling tower blow down, plating, electroplating, anodizing baths, rinse waters, etc.
Removal of chromate CrO42-from water was investigated using nanofiltration as a possible alternative to the conventional
methods of Cr (VI) removal from aqueous solution. In this study different concentrations (2-10 ppm) of chromium
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containing salts were subjected to nanofiltration. NF-90 membrane was used for the investigation. The effects of pH and
concentration of feed solution on rejection coefficient and permeate flux at constant pressure have been investigated.
The rejection rate depends on the ionic concentration and pH. The rejection of chromium was found to increase with the
increase of feed solution pH. The rejection was observed to increase with increase in concentration for feed pH below
7.0, whereas at higher pH a reverse trend occurs with lowering of rejection for higher feed concentration. Results show
that the variation of rejection at different pH is due to the nature of ionic component present at the specific pH.
Green Synthesis of Magneto Responsive Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
D.Deepika, C.Narendhar, K.Murugu Mohan Kumar, V.Vivekananthan, K.Ganesh, A.Selvapriya and D.Janani
Department of Nanoscience and Technology,Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Coimbatore-22, Tamilnadu, INDIA
Abstract: A targeted drug delivery system is the need of the hour in medical industry which thrives under over doses and
side effects of existing drugs. Iron oxide nanoparticles are emerging as a potential medical tool for drug delivery approaches.
The current research on superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION’s) is opening up wide horizons for their use
as diagnostic agents for drug delivery system. In this work, guided magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are synthesised
using the extract of cuminum cyminum in the presence of an external magnetic field. The drug of choice behind the
development of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION’S) is curcumin, a herbal drug which targets nuclear
factor kappa B (NF-B), activator protein 1(AP-1) and two of the signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins
(STAT3, STAT5) for cancer therapy. The superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are small Fe2O3 (hematite) and
Fe3O4 (magnetite) particles ranging from 10nm to100nm in diameter. A comprehensive set of experiments were performed
in synthesis and characterization including dynamic light scattering (DLS) and ultra violet visible spectroscopy (UV) is
applied to characterize their chemical and physical properties. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of
magneto responsive iron oxide nanoparticles synthesis with regard to their method of preparation and their utilization as
an effective drug delivery system.
Keywords: Super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles(SPIONs), curcumin, hematite, magnetite and drug delivery
system.
Preparation of Lead sulfide Nanoparticles by Simple Chemical Precipitation
Method
Banerjee M.1* Chongad L.1,2 and Sharma A. 1,3
1Nanoscience
and Nanotechnology Laboratory, School of Physics, Devi Ahilya University, Indore-452017, INDIA
2Government Arts and Science College, Ratlam, INDIA
3Shri Dadaji Institute of Technology and Science, Indore Road, Khandwa, INDIA
Abstract: Nanoparticles of Lead Sulfide (PbS) have been prepared by simple chemical route. The precipitate was
centrifuged and nanoparticles of same size were collected.. Prepared nanoparticles have been characterized by using
XRD and UV-VIS spectroscopy. The XRD pattern shows that the nanoparticles are in good crystalline in structure. The
particle size has been calculated by Scherrer formula which shows average particle size 28.62nm. The band gap of PbS
nanoparticles as determined from UV-VIS spectroscopy is found to be in the range of 3.81eV. The details of preparation
method are described. The effect of size of PbS nanoparticles on the optical properties is discussed.
Keywords: Nanoparticles, Lead Sulfide, UV-VIS spectroscopy, XRD.
Synthesis of Iron Strontium Multiferrite and Possibility of their use in
Biodiesel Production
K.Ganesh, D.Deepika, V.Vivekananthan, A.Selvapriya, D.Janani and C.Narendhar
Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Coimbatore-22, Tamilnadu, INDIA
Abstract: The depletion of world petroleum resources and the increased environmental concerns have stimulated the
search for the alternate source for the petroleum based fuel, including the diesel fuel. Due to low emission properties and
vast availability vegetable oil is considered as the candidate for the engines. In this work, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles
were synthesized using the extract of cuminum cyminum in the presence of an external magnetic field. Strontium is
active enough to combine even with hydrogen and nitrogen when heated. Several processes for biodiesel fuel production
have been developed, among which transesterification using alkali-catalysis gives high levels of conversion of vegetable
oil to bio diesel and it is kept under microwave for the period of 10 seconds.The oil can be extracted from the vegetable
products in use. Since it is a recyclable material it won’t lead to any environmental pollution. A series of experiments
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were conducted checking for the conversion of the vegetable oil to biodiesel, and verified by characterization methodologies
such as FTIR for verifying the transformation, DLS for size of the particles and UV spectroscopy for determining the
stability and formation of the core shell particles.The particles are magnetic so they can be regained and used for repeated
experiments providing a cost effective method for the biodiesel production.
Keywords: Cuminum Cyminum, Transesterification, Dynamic Light Scattering, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy,
Ultra Violet visible Spectroscopy.
Synthesis, Purification, Dispersion and Room Temperature Ammonia Vapor
Sensing Properties of Silver Nanowires
L.R. Shobin1, D. Sastikumar2 and S. Manivannan1*
1Carbon
2Fiber
Nanomaterials Laboratory, Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli- 620 015, INDIA
Optic Sensor Laboratory, Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli- 620 015, INDIA
Abstract: Silver nanowires were synthesized by glycerol mediated process using polyvinyl pyrrolidone as surfactant.
Silver nanowires were purified after centrifugation followed by washing. Powder X-ray diffraction pattern confirmed the
crystalline silver nanowires having preferential orientation in (111) plane. The UV-visible spectrum of purified silver
nanowires showed the absorptions at 400 & 352 nm and confirmed the absence of silver nanoparticles after the purification
process. The average width and length of the purified silver nanowires were measured to be 60 nm and 7 µm respectively
using the scanning electron microscopy. The purified silver nanowires were dispersed in ethanol at a concentration of 1
mg/ml and coated over the cladding removed poly-methyl methacrylate fiber using the dip coating technique. The resulting
fiber was used as intensity modulated room temperature ammonia vapor sensor. The sensitivity of the sensor was calculated
as 0.17 counts/ppm at room temperature. The response and recovery times of the sensor was found to be 70 and 100
minutes respectively for 500 ppm without any carrier gas.
Keywords: Silver nanowires, glycerol mediated process, dip coating, fiber optic sensor, ammonia sensor.
Development of Dilute Magnetic Semiconductors for Spintronics Applications
Poornima Haldurai*, Suvarna C Narayanan, Sathiesh Kumar.S and Moorthi Pichumani
Department of Nanotechnology, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Coimbatore 641 022, INDIA
Abstract: Dilute magnetic semiconductors are considered to be important materials for spintronics which has wide
application in Magneto-Electronic devices, capable of high speed at very low power and high density. This technology
exists between magnetism and electronics of semiconductors. Dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMS) includes the
incorporation of magnetic elements into well organisednon magnetic semiconductors like Zinc oxide. Ferromagnetism is
induced in zinc oxide (non magnetic semiconductor) by doping it with either ferro or para magnetic elements. Our
current work deals with synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles by wet chemical method and doping it with different
concentration of iron oxide (Fe2O3) .The doped materials exhibit ferromagnetism above room temperature.The zinc
oxide doped with iron oxide shares both the semiconducting and magnetic property which is referred to as Diluted
Magnetic Semiconductors. The obtained nanoparticles are analysed using Particle size analyser, Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy, and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The phase compositions of the samples are determined by X-Ray Diffraction
measurements. The magnetic property of the samples are studied by super conducting quantum interface device (SQUID)
Keywords: Doping, ferromagnetism, DMS, spintronics, Applications.
Development of Flexible Supercapacitance/ Pseudocapacitance Electrode
Suvarna C Narayanan*, Poornima Haldurai, Sathiesh Kumar.S, Moorthi Pichumani
Department of Nanotechnology, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Coimbatore 641 022, INDIA
Abstract: Super capacitors /ultra capacitor/electric double layer refers to electrochemical capacitors. Pseudo capacitors
are a type of super capacitance with electrodes of metal oxides. It posses higher energy and power density compared to
conventional dielectrics or batteries. The higher capacitance value is achieved by non faradic electrostatic storage process
with redox reactions. The pseudocapacitor should have high specific surface area, high electrical conductivity and a fast
cation process to achieve high power and electrical density. Copper oxide is a transition material with p-type semiconducting
property is employed for this work. Copper oxide nanoparticles were synthesised by wet chemical method and the
obtained nanoparticles were characterized for its size using particle size analyser, bonding by Fourier transform infra red
spectroscopy, optical properties using UV Visible spectroscopy, structural analysis by x-ray diffractometer, surface
properties by atomic force microscope and its electrochemical property using electrochemical work station. The obtained
particles can be utilized as an effective material for flexible electrode application like energy storage.
Keywords: Supercapacitor, pseudocapacitor, copper oxide, wet chemical method, flexible.
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ISCA-ISC-2013-12MSS-01
Stochastic Model for Estimation of Fecundability in between Two Successive
Live Births (Closed Birth Interval)
Ajay S. Singh
Department of AEM, University of Swaziland, Luyengo M205, SWAZILAND
Abstract: Fertility as the positive force is responsible for the growth of human population. The researchers have given
priority to understanding of the determinants of fertility through statistical methodologies. The stochastic models play an
important role in estimation and interpretation of the fertility parameters. In this paper, stochastic model on successive
live births has been derived for the estimation of fecundability based on assumptions of human reproductive process,
indirectly incorporating socio- and bio-demographic factors, taboos, and use of contraceptive practices. This derived
model, which describes the variation in the length of ith order successive live births for female giving their (i+1)th birth in
T years of married life after ith birth, is based on realistic assumption that all the females are not exposed to the risk of
conception immediately after the termination of post-partum amenorrhoea (PPA) due to some factors or contraceptive
practices. According to the derived model, fecundability (ë) is constant over the study period. The duration of time from
the point of termination of PPA to the state of exposure has been taken as random variable which follows exponential
distribution. The maximum likelihood estimation technique has been used for the estimation of parameter ë through
derived model.
Keywords: Stochastic model, estimation, fecundability, successive, live births.
Why Even Almost Perfect Number should not be Divisible by 3? Non – Almost
Perfect Criterion for Even Positive Integer
Antalan John Rafael M.
Dept. of Mathematics and Physics, College of Arts and Sci., Central Luzon State University, Sci. City of Muñoz 3120 Nueva
Ecija, PHILIPPINES
Abstract: A well known question in Elementary Number Theory is that whether a given positive integer is an almost
perfect number. A positive integer is almost perfect if the sum of its positive divisors is twice of itself minus 1that is if the
equation where denotes the sum of positive divisors of is true then is an almost perfect number. Typically, to show that
is not an almost perfect number one must show that equality (1) fails to hold. In this paper we will show that divisibility
of an even positive integer by 3 guarantees that is not an almost perfect number. And in general, given an even integer
not of the form where is a whole number we will show that is automatically not an almost perfect number if it is divisible
by a prime where represents the number of times is is divisible by 2. Though it is known that all numbers of the form
for all whole numbers are almost perfect, “it seems to be an open problem to show that a number is almost perfect only
if it is of this form.”
Keywords: Almost Perfect Number, Sum of divisors, Sum of divisor function of a positive integer n, Ratio of sum of
divisor function of a positive integer n to n, Divisible.
Magnetized Inhomogeneous Plane Symmetric Cosmological Model in Bimetric
Theory Relativity
G.S. Punwatkar and S.D. Deo
1Datta
Meghe Institute of Engineering, Technology and Research, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha M.S., INDIA
2Department of Mathematics, N.S. Science and Arts College, Bhardrawati, Dist. Chandrapur M.S., INDIA
Abstract: Plane symmetric inhomogeneous cosmological model for electromagnetic field is investigated in the frame
work of Rosen’s bimetric theory of relativity. Some important features of these models are highlighted and discussed.
Keyword: Electromagnetic field, Cosmological model, Bimetric relativity.
Characterization of Power-Function Distribution through Expectation
Bhatt Milind B.
Department of Statistics, Sardar Patel University, Vallabhvidyanagar-388129, Dist. Anand, State: Gujarat, INDIA
Abstract: For characterization of power function distribution one needs any arbitrary non constant function only in
place of independence of suitable function of order statistics, linear relation of conditional expectation, recurrence
relations between expectations of function of order statistics, distributional properties of exponential distributional,
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record valves, lower record statistics, product of order statistics and Lorenz curve etc. available in the literature. Path
breaking different approach for characterization of power function distribution through expectation of non constant
function of random variable is obtained. Example is given for illustrative purpose.
Keywords: Characterization, power function distribution.
EPQ Model for Deteriorating items with Weibull Replinishment and
Generalised Pareto Decay having Demand as Function of on Hand Inventory
Srinivasa Rao K.1 and Lakshmana Rao A.2
1Department
2Department
of Statistics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, INDIA
of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Aditya Institute of Technology and Management, Tekkali, INDIA
Abstract: In this paper an EPQ model for deteriorating items is developed and analyzed with the assumption that the
replenishment is random and follows a Weibull distribution. It is further assumed that the life time of a commodity is
random and follows a generalized Pareto distribution and demand is a function of on hand inventory. Using the differential
equations the instantaneous state of inventory is derived. With suitable cost considerations the total cost function is
obtained. By minimizing the total cost function the optimal ordering policies are derived. Through numerical illustrations
the sensitivity analysis is carried. The sensitivity analysis of the model reveals that the random replenishment has
significance influence on the ordering and pricing policies of the model. This model also includes some of the earlier
models as particular cases for specific values of the parameters.
Keywords: Random replenishment, generalized Pareto decay, stock on hand, EPQ model.
Family of One Parameter Factor-Type Estimator in Stratified Random
Sampling
Narendra Singh Thakur
Center for Mathematical Sciences (CMS), Banasthali University, Rajasthan, INDIA
Abstract: It is well known that stratification is one of the design tools that give increased precision compared to random
sampling. In stratified design, the population under investigation is divided into different non-overlapping strata so as to
obtain the homogeneity within each stratum, and sample units are drawn within each stratum generally by well known
procedure of simple random sampling. In this paper we are discussed on factor-type estimator in stratified random
sampling using known values of some population parameters of the auxiliary variable to estimate the population mean of
the study variable. The expression for the bias and mean square error (m.s.e.) of the proposed estimator has been derived
upto first order of approximation. A comparison has been made with some well known estimators and it is shown that the
proposed estimator is better than the other existing estimators.
Keywords: Family, parameter, factor, estimator, stratified, random sampling.
Combined effect of Chemical reaction thermo diffusion and Diffusion thermo
on the Convective heat and Mass transfer flow of a viscous Electrically
conducting fluid through a porous medium Bounded by Semi Infinite Vertical
plate with Thermophoresis
T. Siva Nageswara Rao1 and S. Sivaiah2
1Department
2Dept.
of Mathematics, Vignan’s Institute of Technology and Aeronautical Engineering, Hyderabad, AP, INDIA
of H and S, School of Engineering & Tech., Gurunanak Institutions Technical Campus, Ibrahimpatnam-501 506, Ranga
Reddy, AP, INDIA
Abstract: In this analysis we investigate the effect of chemical reaction, thermo diffusion and diffusion thermo on the
convective heat and mass transfer flow of a viscous electrically conducting fluid through a porous medium bounded by
a semi-infinite vertical plate at n=0 with themophoresis. The equations governing the flow heat and mass transfer are
solved by employing Galerkine-finite element analysis with three nodded line segments.
Keywords: Heat and mass transfer, porous medium, chemical reaction, thermo diffusion, themophoresis.
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Application of Two-stage Fuzzy Set Theory to the Cauvery River Water Quality
Evaluation in Tiruchirappalli, India
Thilak Moses A., Dhivya S., Suma Priya A.K., Niraimathi E. and Sasikala K.
PG and Research Department of Mathematics, Bishop Heber College, Trichy- 17, INDIA
Abstract: Many countries have included waste water reuse as an important dimension of water resources planning. A
model for evaluating river water quality using a two stage fuzzy set theory to condense the river water quality monitoring
data is proposed. This study involves the use of fuzzy set theory in two stages and constructs two different kinds of
membership degree functions to produce an aggregate indicator of water quality. Stage I involves the construction of
first membership functions of the standard river water pollution index (RWPI) indicator, DO, BOD5, NH3-N, SS on the
interval [0,1] with the critical variables normalized in four degrees of membership(0, 0.36, 0.65 and 1). Stage II involves
the construction of second membership set from the same normalized variables as used in (RWPI) with the use of the
convergence of the fuzzy c-means methodology (FCM). An alternate overall index i.e., the river water quality index
(RWQI) is derived from the weighted sums from the extension of FCM. The RWQI provides more logical analysis than
RWPI, results in a more systematic less ambiguous approach to data interpretation and integration. This proposed model
gives an insight into a more sensitive indication of change in quality than the RWPI. The RWQI could sharply distinguish
the change in quality with the variation of parameters which in crucial in evaluating Cauvery river water quality in
Tiruchirappalli.
Keywords: RWPI, RWQI, Fuzzy Set theory, FCM, Indicator.
On Intuitionistic Approach to Connect Door and Ideal Spaces
M. Lellis Thivagar and J.Kavitha
School of Mathematics, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-625021, Tamilnadu, INDIA
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to introduce the new concept of Intuitionistic door space and investigate some of
their properties. Further, we obtain the connections between Intuitionistic door space and Intuitionistic ideal door space.
Keywords: Intuitionistic sets, Intuitionistic topology, Intuitionistic submaximal spaces, Intuitionistic dense set,
Intuitionistic extremally disconnected space. AMS subject classification:54G01
Topological Indices and its Applications
J. Baskar Babujee
Department of Mathematics, Anna University, Chennai-600 025, INDIA
Abstract: Graph theory has a very wide range of applications in engineering, in physical, social and biological sciences,
in linguistics and in numerous other areas. A graph can be used to represent almost any physical situation involving
discrete objects and relationship among them. Also many branches of Mathematics such as group theory, matrix theory,
numerical analysis, probability, and topology have their interaction with graph theory. Graph theory was born in 1736
with Leonhard Euler’s (1707-1783) paper in which he solved the celebrated Konigsberg bridge problem. Graphs offer a
convenient way to represent various kinds of mathematical objects. Essentially, any graph is made up of two sets, a set of
vertices and a set of edges. The research in graph enumeration and graph labeling started way back in 1857 by Arthur
Cayley. Graph labeling and enumeration finds the application in chemical graph theory, social networking and computer
networking and channel assignment problem. Abundant literature exists as of today concerning the structure of graphs
admitting a variety of functions assigning real numbers to their elements so that certain given conditions are satisfied.
Keywords: Topological indices, applications.
Time Series Modeling for Forecasting of Wheat Production in India
D. Ramesh and B. Bhattacharyya
Department of Agricultural Statistics, BCKV, West Bengal, INDIA
Abstract: Wheat is one of the most important staple food grains of human. It has a special place in the Indian economy
because of its significance in food security, trade, industry and agriculture. The share of wheat in total Indian food grain
production is around 35.5% and major Wheat producing states are placed in the Northern part of the country. This study
made an attempt to forecast the wheat production of India with some time series models namely Parametric, Exponential
smoothing and Box-Jenkins for future prediction by using annual data of 1951-2011. Production scenario of such an
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important crop plays a vital role in agricultural research system for development of new production technology for
global food security from food grains. Hence, proper forecast is very important in an economic system for leading to
enhancement of the global society.
Keywords: Parametric, Box-Jenkins and Wheat.
Cox Proportional Hazards Model for Customer Loyalty in a Finance Company
Sunita Khurana and Snigdha Banerjee
School of Statistics, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, INDIA
Abstract: This paper presents statistical analysis that will enable a finance company to assess the loyalty of customers of
various categories in terms of their repurchase behavior. The business analytics considered in this paper models the
“time to repurchase” various products by existing customers as a Cox proportional hazards model for customer loyalty,
based on statistical analysis of data from a finance company. It is seen that the model provides a good fit for the data. This
analysis would enable the company to identify the factors that affect customer loyalty and hence to target their efforts at
retaining customers from specific categories in such a way as to maximize the total sales of the company
Keywords: Cox proportional, hazards model, customer loyalty, finance, company.
Effects of viscous Dissipation on Hydromagnetic Mixed Convective Nanofluid
flow over a Vertical Permeable moving plate with Newtonian Heating
P.Suriyakumar and S.P. Anjali Devi
Department of Applied Mathematics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore - 641 046, Tamilnadu, INDIA
Abstract: This paper analyses a two-dimensional steady mixed convective hydromagnetic boundary layer flow of nanofluid
over a vertical permeable moving plate with viscous dissipation and Newtonian Heating. In particular, focus is on
copper-water and alumina-water nanofluids. The nanofluid formulated in the present study is water dispersed with various
volumetric fractions of the copper and alumina nanoparticles. The model used for the nanofluid incorporates the effects
of the viscous dissipation, magnetic field, convective boundary condition, volume fraction, and suction, and found to
have strong influence on the system. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential
equations using similarity transformation and then solved numerically using MATLAB. The numerical results obtained
for the velocity and temperature as well as the skin friction coefficient and the Nusselt number for several values of the
physical parameters. The obtained results are presented graphically and in tabular form and the physical aspects of the
problem are discussed. Comparisons with published results are presented and are found to be in excellent agreement.
Keywords: Nanofluid, MHD, vertical permeable plate, mixed convection, Newtonian heating.
100 Years of Innovations in Inventory Models: From Harris EOQ Model to
Global Supply Chains
Snigdha Banerjee
School of Statistics, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, INDIA
Abstract: As globalization and innovations raise hopes, they also raise pressures and the capability to handle competitions
becomes an essential requirement for the survival of organizations. Professional inventory control is vital to the success
of any business or organisation, as the management of inventories is among the most important operational activities of
industrial and trading companies. Since the publication of the seminal paper by Ford Whitman Harris (1913), the study
of inventory models - both in theory and practice - has resulted in publication of a plethora of papers while there is ample
scope for many more, due to the increasing number of emerging classes of inventory models embracing the diverse
market dynamics. In order to commemorate the 100th year of the first publication in the area, this paper presents the
major contributions in the field of inventory models, with special emphasis on the recent trends in this field, like pricing, discounting, just in time production, supply chain management etc.
Keywords: Innovations, inventory, models, Harris EOQ, model global, supply chains.
197
Some Fixed Point Theorems for new Contractive condition in Metric spaces
Ramakant Bhardwaj1, Manoj solanki2, Rajesh Shrivastva3
1TRUBA,
Institute of Engineering & IT Bhopal, INDIA
Vaswani PG College Barigarh Bhopal, INDIA
3Govt. Science & commerce College Benazeer Bhopal, INDIA
2Sadhu
Abstract: There are many contractive definitions that do not require the map T to be continuous. However, it will be
shown that for many of them, T must be continuous at a fixed point. The same is true for pairs of maps. In the present
paper we take new contractive condition and prove some fixed point and common fixed point theorems in complete
metric spaces, which satisfies the previous known results.
Keywords: Fixed point, common fixed point, Contractive conditions, AMS Classification: 56H10
The Role of Statistical Design of Experiments in Six Sigma
Shakti Banerjee1 and Rashmi Awad2
1School
2Dept.
of Statistics, D.A.V.V., Indore MP, INDIA
of Statistics, Govt. Holkar Science College, Indore, MP, INDIA
Abstract: The Design of Experiments as a methodology for systematically applying statistics to experimentation. It
consists of a series of tests in which purposeful changes are made to the input variables of a product or process so that
one may observe and identify the reasons for these changes in the output response. Design of Experiments provides a
quick and cost-effective method to understand and optimize products and processes. By the end of the twentieth century,
Design of Experiments was no longer viewed as merely a stand-alone tool, because it was packaged together with a
structured initiative for business improvement known as Six Sigma. Our approach is to explain Six Sigma and the
importance of Design of Experiments on it and to present a validated methodology to simplify and clarify the application
of Design of Experiments, guiding them through the entire project with structured steps and activities explained using
1
ωp =<ofρω
− Experiments
special guidelines. We hope this methodology will help Design
become well-known and frequently used
among industries.
Keywords: Design of experiments, statistical quality control, process control, six sigma, black belts, performance
improvement, quality management, statistical thinking, quality engineering, robust design, taguchi methods.
Procurement and Pricing Policies for Probabilistic Inventory Models with
Price Dependent Demand
Sharma Pratibha1, Sharma Ashish2 and Jain Sanjay3
1Department
2Department
of Mathematics, Mata Gujri College of professional studies, A.B. Road, Indore, INDIA
of Mathematics, Institute of Applied sciences and Humanities, G.L.A. University, NH-2 , Mathura, INDIA
3Department of Mathematics, Govt. College, Beawar Road Ajmer INDIA
Abstract: In almost all the products, the maximum demand in a selling season is not fixed. For this condition, both
pricing and procurement decisions become important. In this paper, optimal procurement and pricing policies are
discussed for a probabilistic inventory model withprice dependent demand. Conditions leading to concavity of the net
profit function are discussed. Sensitivity analysis is presented.
Keywords: Inventory, probabilistic model, product life cycle type demand, backlogging, pricing.
LRS Bianchi Type-V Anisotropic Universe without Big Smash Driven by Law of
Variation of Hubble’s Parameter
H. R. Ghate and Arvind S. Patil
Department of Mathematics, Jijamata Mahavidyalaya, Buldana– 443 001 INDIA
Abstract: Homogeneous and anisotropic LRS Bianchi type-V universe has been studied with
without Big
Smash driven by Hubble’s law of variation of parameter. It is investigated that if dark energy behaves like a fluid with
equation of state
, as well as generalized Chaplygin gas simultaneously, Big Rip OR Big Smash problem does
not arise even scale factor found to be regular for all time.
Keywords: Dark Energy, Big Smash, LRS bianchi type-V Universe.
198
Bianchi Type-IX Dark Energy Model in Barber’s Second Self-Creation Theory
H. R. Ghate1 and Atish S. Sontakke2
Department of Mathematics, Jijamata Mahavidyalaya, Buldana– 443 001 INDIA
Abstract: A Bianchi type-IX dark energy cosmological model with variable equation of state (EoS) parameter is obtained
in Barber’s second Self-Creation theory of gravitation proposed by Barber [Gen. Relativ. Gravit., 14:117, 1982]. The
field equations have been solved by applying variation law for generalized Hubble’s parameter given by Bermann
[NuovoCimento B 74:183, 1983]. Some physical and geometrical properties of the models are also discussed.
Keywords: Dark Energy, Bianchi type-IX Universe, Self Creation Theory
Kaluza Klein Dust Filled Universe with varying Ë in Creation Field Cosmology
H. R. Ghate1 and Sanjay A. Salve2
1Department
of Mathematics, JijamataMahavidyalaya, Buldana– 443 001 INDIA
2Department of Mathematics, Shri Shivaji Arts, Science College, Chikhli – 443201 INDIA
Abstract: The solution of field equations in the creation field with variable cosmological constant have been obtained
for N-dimensional Kaluza-Klein universe. Following Hoyle and Narlikar (1964), we have assumed that universe is
filled with dust distribution. To get deterministic solution, a relation between shear
The physical aspects of the model are also studied.
Keywords: Dark energy matter, kaluza-klein type universe, creation field theory.
and expansion (θ ) is assumed.
Tietze’s Extension Theorem in soft Topological Spaces
Mrudula Ravindran and Remya P.B.
Department of Mathematics, C.M.S.College of Science & Commerce, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, India
(σ )
Abstract: In this paper we are going to prove Tietze’s extension theorem in soft topological spaces.
Keywords: Soft topology, soft open set, soft closed set, soft subspace, soft normal space, soft continuity.
Price and Time Dependent Product Life Cycle Type Demand with Random
Length of Maturity Phase
Banerjee Snigdha1 and Sharma Ashish2
1School
2Department
of Statistics, Devi Ahilya University, VigyanBhawan, Khandwa Road, Indore, INDIA
of Mathematics, Institute of Applied sciences and Humanities, G.L.A. University, NH-2, Mathura, INDIA
Abstract: The Product Life Cycle (PLC) demand of any product is exhibited in three phases, namely, the Growth,
Maturity and Decline phases. Further, the duration when the product experiences its demand potential, that is, the length
of the maturity phase is generally random, while in the published inventory literature, this aspect has not yet been
considered. Motivated by this observation, in this paper we develop a single period probabilistic inventory model for the
three phase PLC type price and time dependent demand function where length of the maturity phase is considered to be
a random variable. The beginning of the third phase allows for a sudden drop in demand. Optimal procurement and
pricing policies are discussed. Conditions leading to concavity of the net profit function with respect to decision variable
are discussed. Solution procedure is provided. Numerical example and sensitivity analysis are presented.
Keywords: Inventory, Probabilistic Model, Product life cycle type demand, Backlogging, Pricing.
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199
ISCA-ISC-2013-13MediS-01
Cancer Diagnosis Disclosure: Tell or not to tell? Jordanian Public View
Mona Tayyem
Jordan University of science and technology / Nursing department, JORDAN
Abstract: Cancer is the third leading cause of death in Jordan according to the latest Jordan cancer registry in 2011.
Cancer affects everyone, young or old, men or women, educated or illiterate, rich or poor. People consider this diagnosis
to be a death sentence despite advances in treatment and possibility of cure. Health care providers face dilemmas when
having to inform the patient and families about cancer diagnosis. Should the patient be told the complete truth about the
extent of cancer, disease progress and prognosis? Is it ever ethical to lie about it? Who should be told first? The patient,
the family, or both. What if the family insists that the patient not be told? What if the patient does not want family to be
given information? Who should tell, the physician or the nurse? What is the nurse role during disclosure? According to
the literature review, most researchers recommend the patient receive full disclosure of cancer diagnosis because of
patient autonomy and rights. The primary specialist is the preferred person to inform the patient; while the nurse role is
to support patient and family during disclosure, in addition to updating the patient with lab result interpretation.
Unexpectedly, even if families wish to hide the diagnosis from their beloved ones, researchers recommend that patients
need to acknowledge their diagnosis and participate in their plan of care. The purpose of the planned study is to explore
the Jordanian views toward disclosure of cancer diagnosis, as the studies concerning disclosure in Jordan are rare and
not generalized.
Keywords: Cancer, diagnosis, disclosure, Jordanian public view.
Malaria - Resurgence of Deadly Diseases
Sharma Ansh
St. Joseph’s Co-Ed School, E-6 Arera Colony, Bhopal, MP, INDIA
Abstract: It is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the dangerous diseases that are sweeping across the globe. In the
African countries, the situation becomes more prominent. Malaria, which is a leading cause of death in the African
continent, is yet another cause of concern for us. The following project provides introduction to various diseases that are
very common around the world, especially in the United Kingdom and the African countries. An in depth detail of the
fatal disease malaria is provided in the project.
Keywords: Malaria, resurgence, deadly, diseases.
A Newly Invented Chemical Disinfectant Can Eradicate Colonic Bacterial
Contamination of the Skin
Kadhim C. Hasan1 and Anwar K. Hussain2
1College
of Medicine, University of Babylon, Hilla, IRAQ
of Science, University of Babylon, Hilla, IRAQ
2College
Abstract: In a healthy animal, the internal tissues, e.g. blood, brain, muscle are normally free of microorganisms while
the surface tissues; microbial skin and mucus membranes are constantly in contact with environmental organisms and
become readily colonized by various microbial species. Disinfectants destroy various organisms, the study is to assess
the antibacterial effect of a new chemical solution made by a mixture of Sidre extract with Hydrogen peroxide. The study
involved 5 adults as volunteers ,the procedure starts with contaminating their hands through immersion for 2 minutes
into a basin of liquid stool up to palmer skin creases. Then waiting the hands to dry within 3 minutes, after that the hand
are washed by neutral soaps for 1 minute, then dipping finger tips on agar dish to cultivate for 48 hrs., along with swabs
under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, including inoculation into enriched blood agar medium and selective medium
for bacteroids .The hands then immersed into the disinfectant; Sidre leaves extract of 62.5 gm / liter for 2 minutes with
rubbing. after that the finger tips were imprinted on agar dish for cultivation both aerobically and anaerobically. The
same steps were repeated replacing the disinfectant by a mixture of sidre extract with hydrogen peroxide by mixing 400
ml Sidre leaves extract of 62.5 gm / liter with 200 Hydrogen peroxide1.5% vol. The procedure was applied at 35 degrees
centigrade. Surface disinfection tests were also done using microscopic slides. Results of culturing in both hands and
slides contamination ,after using the extract alone revealed heavy growth of a variety of colonic bacteria while the results
after immersion in the mixture were completely clear of bacterial colonies. We concluded that the newly invented chemical
disinfectant can eradicate all colonic bacterial contamination from the skin.
Keywards: Bacterial flora, disinfectant, bacteriologic media, plant extracts.
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Invivo Assessment of Immune Response against Pseudomonas aeuroginosa
Antigens
Rasha Hadi S., Mohammad A.K. Al-Saadi and Habeeb S.N.
Dept. of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Babylon, Hilla, IRAQ
Abstract: The study of immunogenicity of pseudomonal antigens is essential for both; diagnosis and controlling of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. The main aim of this study is to investigate the immunogenicity of some Pseudomonal
antigens in experimental animals. For this crude outer membrane protein (OMPs) and Lipopolysaccharaid (LPS) of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa were extracted and used as antigens and administrated to laboratory animals (rabbits) via
intra-venous (I.V.) and intra-peritoneal (I.P) routes. The immune response was assessed depending on the titer of antipseudomonal-antibodies and phagocytic index. The results indicated that the mean of anti-LPS antibodies titer induced
via I.P. and I.V. routes were 80 and160 respectively, while the mean of anti -OMPs antibodies titer induced via I.P. and
I.V. routes were 320 and 1280 respectively as compared with antibodies titer of control (non-immunized rabbits) which
was only 20. Besides, the results indicated that, OMPs stimulated cellular immune response, since there was significant
increase in phagocytic index (P< 0.05) in rabbits that stimulated by OMPs via both I.P. and I.V. (12% and 13%) respectively
as compared with control animals (9%), while there was no significant increase in phagocytic index (P 0.05) in rabbits
that stimulated by LPS via both I.P. (6%) and I.V. (8%) as compared with control animals (9%). In conclusion, OMPs
were found to be potential immunogen, since these proteins induced both types of immune response humoral and cellular,
While Lipopolysaccharaid (LPS) induced only humoral immunity.
Keywords: Invivo assessment, immune response against Pseudomonas aeuroginosa antigens.
The Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Genital Mycoplasma Isolated
from Infertile Women
Haider A. Muhammid1, Habeeb S. N.2 and Adnan H. AL-Hamidani3
1Department
of microbiology, College of medicine, Karbella University IRAQ
of microbiology, College of medicine, Babylon University, IRAQ
3Dep. microbiology, College of medicine, AL-Qadisyia University, IRAQ
2Department
Abstract: The main goal of this study is to determine the susceptibility of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma uealyticum
isolated from infertile women in AL-Diwanyia governorate, Iraq. Eighty three endocervical swabs were collected from
infertile women who admitted to AL-Diwanyia Maternity and Pediatric Teaching Hospital through a period of seven
months (from October 2012 to April 2013) in an attempt to isolate the genital mycoplasma represented by M. hominis
and U. uealyticum. For this purpose, two techniques were used; M4 modified medium and Mycoplasma System Plus Kit
(Italy). Mycoplasma System Plus Kit was used for identification and differentiation of Mycoplasma hominis and
Ureaplasma uealyticum and for antibiotics susceptibility profiles towards nine antimicrobial agents. The results indicated
that Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma uealyticum were isolated on M4 medium in a frequency of 29.4% and 43.3%
respectively. Mixed bacterial flora were also isolated although in low frequency (16.8%) while the results by Mycoplasma
System Plus Kit were high compared with M4 medium since Mycoplasma hominis accounted for 34.9%, Ureaplasma
uealyticum 50.6% and mixed bacterial flora accounted for 25.3%. Antibiotics susceptibility test carried out on 42
isolates of Ureaplasma uealyticum showed that all of these isolates (100%) were sensitive to Erythromycin but resistant
to Minocycline, Clindamycin and Deoxycycline. Mycoplasma hominis, on another hand, exhibited fully sensitivity towards
Ofloxacin but it was resistant to Erythromycin, Azithromycin and chlarithromycin. However, some isolates of genital
mycoplasma revealed variable records with different antibiotics. In conclusion, Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma
uealyticum are common among organisms colonize the vaginal habitat and may associate in part with women infertility.
M4 medium and Mycoplasma System Plus Kit are indicative techniques for diagnosis and antibiotics sensitivity test for
genital mycolasma.
Keywords: Prevalence, antibiotic, susceptibility, genital, mycoplasma, isolated, infertile women.
Electrophysiological Changes in Mechanical Neck Pain Patients
Saad Merza AlAraji1, Sabah J. Al-Rubaie2 and Alaa Y. Al-Shamari1
1Department
of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Babylon, Hilla, IRAQ
of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Babylon, Hilla, IRAQ
2Department
Abstract: Neck pain posses a major problem to the society and is a common reason for consultation with physician,
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rheumatologist, orthopaedic, physiotherapist, etc. The most common cause of mechanical neck pain is degenerative
cervical spondylosis which is commonly, mostly asymptomatic condition, occurring as a result of age-related degenerative
changes in the cervical spine. Eighty patients with mechanical neck pain whose pain was more than three months ,were
studied. Thirty healthy volunteers, matched in age and gender and did not have neck pain for at least three months before,
were enrolled and accepted as a control group .All patients underwent electromyography, Nerve conduction study ,Visual
Analogue Score and X-Ray examination ,twenty of them underwent Magnetic resonance imaging . Electromyography,
Nerve conduction study performed for control. Eighty percent of patients had age between 30 to 59years. In this study
females were more common. There was significant (p<0.05) relationship between age and positive electromyography,
age and nerve conduction study. There was significant (p <0.05) relationship between cervical roots lesions severity on
electromyography and Visual Analogue Score. There was no significant (p>0.05) relationship between X-Ray grading
and electromyography roots lesions severity. Electrophysiological tests should be done for each patient with neck pain
even with even without obvious neurological deficits.
Keywords: Neck Pain, cervical spondylosis, electromyography, visual analogue score (VAS), magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI), nerve conduction, electrophysiology.
Molecular Study on Multidrug Resistant Salmonella enteric from Patients with
Enteric Fever in Al - Najaf Province
Abdallah K. Hindi1, Salman Aziz Addos2 and Ebtehal Edress Ahmed3
1College
of sciences/University of Babylon, Hilla, IRAQ
of Medicine/University of Koffa, IRAQ
3College of sciences/University of Koffa, IRAQ
2College
Abstract: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of four antimicrobials used in treatment of S.Typhi invasive infections
were determined by two different methods, the agar dilution method and HiComb kit. For Ampicillin MIC was more than
32 µg/ml. Chloramphenicol MIC ranged between (128-256) µg/ml. On other hand MIC of nalidixic acid was varied
from 2 µg/ml, through 0.5 µg/ml, and 0.1 µg/ml. Regarding ciprofloxacin MIC range was (0.001-0.01) µg/ml. Molecular
study was accomplished first by the isolation of DNA from Salmonella typhi isolates , the used method had succeeded in
extraction of genomic DNA from all isolates, second by using PCR technique to amplify seven different primers to
determine the presence of integrons. Genes were int, intI, for integrase gene where the first sequence gave (30%) positive
percentage while second sequence showed (20%). Sul genes were also used, the first sequence of SulI gene showed
(15%) while second one gave no positive result, while sul-2 gene recorded (50%) positivity. Qac genes located on 32
end of class-I integron were also investigated, qacE did not show any positive result, while the mutant type qacEÄ
recorded high prevalence among Salmonella Typhi isolates. Finally four pairs of primers targeted the detection of Extended
Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs) genes which comprised blaTEM, blaSHV, blaOXA, and blaCTX-M. Amplification with
the first three primers did not yield DNA products, while the fourth showed 50% positivity.
Keywords: Molecular, study, multidrug resistant, Salmonella enteric, patients, enteric fever.
The Effect of Resveratrol on Swarming Differentiation and the Expression of
Some Virulence Factors in Proteus vulgaris
Mohammed Ghaidaa¹*, Wang Yanchang¹, and Hindi Abdallah kadum²
1Florida
state university Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, 32306, USA
2Microbiology Department, College of sciences, Babylon University, Babil, IRAQ
Abstract: Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-Trans-stilbene) is a stilbenoid, a type of natural phenol, and a phytoalexin with
anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. It is produced naturally by several plants especially the roots of the Japanese
Knotweed when under attack by pathogens such as bacteria or fungi. In this study we have verified that resveratrol has
activity against Proteus vulgaris, an important pathogen infecting the urinary tract by investigating its effect on swarming
and some virulence factor expression (haemolysin and urease).Swarming inhibition was determined on Luria Bertani
agar with and without resveratrol and then bacteria was harvested to assay cell length and the production of haemolysin
and urease. Resveratrol significantly inhibited swarming and virulence factor expression but its effect on growth rate was
not significante.
Keywords: Expression, Some Virulence Factors in Proteus vulgaris.
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Immunodiagnosis of Tuberculosis using in-house Developed ELISA and
Immunoblot Techniques
Sooraj S. Nath1,2
1Department
of Microbiology, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, INDIA
2Department of Microbiology, Safi Institute of Advanced Study, Malappuram, Kerala, INDIA
Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the major public health problems worldwide, particularly due to the appearance
of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains that render TB control programs more cumbersome. Diagnostic
tests devoted to the rapid, sensitive, and specific identification of the causative agent are key elements for successful
health programs aimed at disease control. Many diagnostic tools have been developed to improve the rapid diagnosis of
tuberculosis. Sensitive and specific techniques to detect and identify M. tuberculosis directly in clinical specimens are
important for the diagnosis and management of patients with tuberculosis. Ten clinical isolates were collected from
patients clinically confirmed with TB and were enrolled into the study and tested for the presence of M. tuberculosis by
Ziehl–Neelsen smear and Lowenstein–Jensen culture. KUMT09 was selected based on the biochemical and morphological
characteristics. It was further subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequence and showed ~ 99 % similarity with Mycobacterium
tuberculosis in NCBI database. The sequence was deposited at GenBank with accession no. JQ394980. In the present
study, sera of 200 patients were evaluated for the presence of antibodies against sonicated and culture filtrate antigens by
ELISA assay and compared with commercially available ELISA kit. Out of 200 sera samples, 149 sera samples appeared
to be positive for tuberculosis infection by using in-house developed ELISA methodology whereas 168 sera samples
appeared to be positive for tuberculosis infection by using commercially available ELISA kit. The sensitivity of the inhouse developed ELISA kit was found to be 88.7%. As tuberculosis generates a highly heterogeneous antibody repertoire,
its diagnosis requires tests based on antigens. A new, rapid immunoblot assay for antigen-based diagnosis, which can
detect mycobacterial antigens in serum specimens, was developed. Antigen detection of 200 sera samples from clinically
suspected patients by immunoblot assay gave a sensitivity of 96.3% and specificity of 70.8% by using Bayesian analysis.
This immunoblot assay can simplify the identification of M. tuberculosis in clinical laboratories. In conclusion immunoblot
assay is more sensitive and specific than ELISA technique. The assay was simple, rapid and economical for the detection
of M. tuberculosis infection and suitable for large scale screening of samples in endemic areas without any sophisticated
equipment. The results of the assay proved to be superior to conventional methods and combined with clinical data,
could form the basis for starting an earlier course of treatment.
Keywords: Tuberculosis, 16S rRNA, clinical isolates, ELISA, immunoblot.
Clinical Investigation of Secondary fungal infection in patients with debilitating
disease
Indra Prasad Tripathi1, Ruchita Tripathi2, Chinmayi Mishra2, Mahendra Mishra2 and Alka Pandey3
1Faculty
of Science and Environment, M.G.C.G.V., Chitrakoot, MP, INDIA
of Biotechnology, M.G.C.G.V., Chitrakoot, MP, INDIA
3Microbiology Department, Gov. J.H. P. G. College, Betul, MP, INDIA
2Department
Abstract: The study of clinico-mycological implication of positive blood and urine culture for several fungi, indicate
secondary fungal infection. This investigation played an important role to bring out fungal prevalence in specimen
among immuno-compromised patients with debilitating disease at Betul area. During the survey 13 cases with debilitating
disease were selected for detailed investigation of secondary fungal infection. Different fungi isolated from blood and
urine culture like Candida, Scopulariopsis, Aspergillus were recorded.
Keywords: Secondary fungal infection, debilitating disease, immuno, compromised, patients.
Biological Application of New Organic Derivatives on Bacterial Growth
Mufeed Jalil Ewadh
Department of Biochemistry, College of medicine, University of Babylon, Hilla, IRAQ
Abstract: The growth of strains of different types of pathogenic bacteria isolated from different sites of infection,
Escherichia coli, Klebisiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermids, Streptoccous pnumoniae,
Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptoccous mutans has been investigated about inhibitory effect of new synthesized complex
organic compound consisting of ( Ni+2 or Co+2). The results reveled that cobalt (II) complex which contain chelating
203
dicarboxylate ligands has action inhibitory effect on such pathogenic bacteria while Ni (II) shows no effect even in
highly concentration but only on the St. agalactiae.
Keywords: Biological, application, organic, derivatives, bacterial, growth.
Antidepressant-like effect of Rosmarinus officinalis extract in Male Mice
Entisar J. Al Mukhtar, Selman M. S., Zena H. Sahib and Hamid N.
Department of Pharmacology, College of medicine, University of Babylon, IRAQ
Abstract: Depression is the most common of the mood disorders. There are many types of antidepressant drugs which
have various unwanted effects and interactions. The main aim of this study is to explore the potential effects of plants in
the treatment of depression in comparison to imipramine. Twenty eight male Swiss albino mice were divided into four
groups (A, B, C, D). The first group received distilled water (0.3 ml.) as a control, the second group received imipramine
(15 mg/kg), the third group received R. officinalis (15 mg/kg) and the fourth group received R. officinalis (30 mg/kg) PO,
once daily for 5 successive days respectively. On the fifth day and after thirty minutes of the treatment administration the
mice were tested by using the forced swimming test (FST) and the immobility and swimming times were measured.
Water extract of R. officinalis (15 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg) high significantly reduced the immobility time and increased the
swimming time in the FST in comparison to untreated group, but when compared to imipramine (15mg/kg) it produced
similar results. Therefore, water extrat of R. officinalis had antidepressant effects which is comparable to that of impramine
in mice.
Keywords: Rosmarinus officinalis extract, Impramine, Antidepressant effect, Mice.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Potency of Commercially available Drugs against
Microbes Causing Dentinal Caries
A Sri Kennath J. Arul and Peramachi Palanivelu
Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: Bacterial infections are common in dental practice and antibiotic use prescribed for their treat-ment is also
frequent. But their rampant use leads to antimicrobial resistance; a global growing issue affecting both developed and
developing countries. Accurate determination of bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics is therefore essential. Efficacy of
natural phyto-chemicals isolated from plants and oral hygiene products against Streptococcus mutans; the principal
dental pathogen associated with dental caries and other cariogenic bacteria isolated using the method of pure culturing
has been evaluated. The literature lacks studies evaluating the efficacy of antibiotics against the microflora responsible
for dental caries in totality. Therefore, the aim of the present investigation is to evaluate susceptibility pattern of the
microbial community as a whole obtained from dentinal caries lesion against commercially used antimicrobials using
Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The polymicrobial growth showed susceptibility towards all the tested antibiotics
except in few samples where Ampicillin/Cloxacillin, Cefixime/ Clavulanic acid, Cephalexin, Cefixime and Ampicillin/
Sulbactam showed no zone of inhibition; hence may be considered to be resistant to such antibiotics. The comprehensive
data obtained may support the polymicrobial etiology of dental caries. Such study may further allow investigation on the
spatial distribution of pathogenic, antibiotic resistant bacteria among patients suffering from dental caries.
Keywords: Dental caries, Antibiotics susceptibility, Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method
Anticonvulsant activity of Apium graveolens in Male Mice
Entisar J. Al Mukhtar
Department Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Babylon, IRAQ
Abstract: Epilepsy is a heterogeneous symptom complex, a chronic disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. Seizures
are finite episodes of brain dysfunction resulting from abnormal discharge of cerebral neurons. The main aim of this
study is to investigate the anticonvulsant effect of Apium graveolens. Convulsions were induced by lidocaine in four
groups of male albino mice. Group one and two received two different oral doses of Apium graveolens (A. graveolens)
daily for 10 days, at day eleven convulsions were induced by lidocaine, group three and four were injected with distill
water (D.W.) and diazepam (DIZ) respectively, 30 minutes before lidocaine injection. Onset and duration of convulsions
were measured and compared as a main effect to lidocaine, the onset of ataxia and drowsiness were also measured. No
significant differences were found (p>0.05) in the onset of convulsion between D.W. and other treated groups. A. graveolens
at 15 g/kg did not significantly delay the onset of convulsion in comparison to other groups. Regarding the duration of
204
convulsion it was high significantly increased (p<0.01) in D.W. group in comparison to other groups, The duration of
convulsion was not significantly (p>0.05) reduced in 15 g/kg A. graveolens compared to DIZ, while it was high significantly
decreased (p<0.01) in A. graveolens 15 g/kg compared to 7.5 g/kg. Ataxia did not occur in both 7.5 g/kg A. graveolens
and D.W. groups. The 15 g/kg A. graveolens significantly (p<0.05) delayed the onset of ataxia in comparison to DIZ.
The onset of drowsiness was significantly (p<0.05) delayed in 15 g/kg A. graveolens compared to D.W., while it was non
significantly (p>0.05) delayed in 15 g/kg A. graveolens compared to 7.5 g/kg A. graveolens and DIZ groups. Apium
graveolens has anticonvulsant activity. At the dose 15g/kg the anticonvulsant effect of A. graveolens was higher than that
of DIZ, while at the dose 7.5mg/kg of A. graveolens it was less than that of DIZ.
Keywords: Apium graveolens, diazepam, lidocaine, anticonvulsant effect, Mice.
Evaluation and correlation between salivary pH and Dental Caries prevalence
in Controlled and Diabetes Mellitus patients
A Sri Kennath J. Arul1, Peramachi Palanivelu1 and R. Sanjay2
1Department
of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
2Department of Botany, the American College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: Although the oral symptoms of diabetes mellitus were described as back as 1862, till date there is no agreement
on the existence and nature of the relationship between diabetes and its oral symptoms especially concerning the prevalence
of dental caries. The relationship between diabetes mellitus and dental caries, particularly among adults has received far
less attention, despite the fact that both diseases are associated with the ingestion of dietary carbohydrates. Studies have
reported increased, decreased or similar caries incidence in diabetes mellitus patients. However, there is lack of literature
on the consistent relationship between diabetes mellitus, dental caries and salivary pH. Therefore, the aim of the present
investigation is to evaluate the correlation between salivary pH and caries prevalence in non-diabetics, controlled diabetes
and diabetics. Fasting blood glucose level and salivary pH for each subject were measured and caries index was recorded
using DMFT index. The results show decreased salivary pH and increased incidence of dental caries in Uncontrolled
Diabetics as compared to Non-diabetics and Controlled diabetics and also decreased salivary pH and increased incidence
of caries in Controlled diabetics as compared to Non-diabetics. Thus, diabetes mellitus may have a direct effect on
salivary pH, reducing it from normal levels irrespective of diet.
Keywords: Dental caries, diabetes mellitus, diet, DMFT, salivary pH.
Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Metallothioneins from Peripheral Blood
Lymphocytes of Gold Jewellery Karigars
Kariankattil Velukutty Shalini1 and Govindasamy Poornima Jeyanthi2
1Department
of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher
education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, INDIA
2Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, INDIA
Abstract: Metallothioneins (MT) are low molecular weight, cysteine rich metal binding proteins involved in detoxification
and homeostasis of metals. These are induced in response to a variety of chemical stresses and therefore can be used to
assess human exposure to occupational agents. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) have the capacity to produce
MT as a protective response to occupational exposure to silver (Ag). In the present study, PBLs were isolated from the
blood of gold jewellery unit workers and MT was separated by sephadex G-75 gel filtration chromatography. Molecular
mass of MT was determined by SDS-PAGE using silver staining method from the collected fractions. HPLC was performed
to quantify the levels of MT from the collected fraction. It is suggested that the elevated levels of MT in PBLs can be
used as specific indices of silver exposure.
Keywords: Metallothioneins, peripheral blood lymphocytes, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,
high performance liquid chromatography.
Spectroscopic Study on Siddha Medicine Amai Odu Parpam
S. Ariponnammal
Department of Physics, Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed University), Gandhigram, Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: The Siddha medicine is a branch of medicinal field which receives greater attention nowadays because of its
immediate and permanent cure without any side effects. This paper deals with an analysis of Siddha medicine namely
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“Amai Odu Parpam” by using UV-visible spectroscopy and Constant deviation spectrograph. The study reveals that this
medicine contains calcium, iron, silicon and sodium.
Keywords: Amai Odu Parpam, UV spectroscopy, Constant deviation Spectrograph.
Increasing Incidence of PCOS in Adolescence and its Relation with Mental
Stress
Bindu.B.R
Shree Vidyadhiraja Homoeopathic Medical College, Nemom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, INDIA
Abstract: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is recognized as one of the most common endocrine/metabolic disorders
found in women. It is seen that the incidence of PCOS is increasing in adolescent age group. High competition, need for
recognition and esteem brings in stress both from society and in person to the adolescent age group. The physical signs
of PCOS can be detrimental to a teenage girl’s self-image. Early diagnosis and treatment of PCOS in adolescents are
essential in ensuring adulthood health and restoring self-esteem. This paper is based on a 10 year long clinical experience
regarding the role of mental stress on PCOS. As teenagers are the future of a nation, their issues should be dealt at an
early stage and corrected. An attempt is made to explain the role of mental stress in PCOS with the help of General
Adaptation Syndrome. The diagnosis of PCOS is done as per Rotterdam 2003 criteria.This is done to study the relevance
of reducing stress in adolescent age group to avoid or reduce the incidence of systemic diseases with a sample study on
PCOS.
Keywords: PCOS, homoeopathy, rotterdam 2003 criteria, general adaptation syndrome.
Inhibitory efficacy of mangrove sediment bacterium- Bacillus pumilus on the
planktonic and biofilm cells of Gram-positive bacterial pathogens
Shanmugaraj Gowrishankar, Meenakshisundaram Karthikeyan and Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian
Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi - 630003, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: The current study was intended to delineate the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm potentials of mangrove sediment
bacteria from Palk Strait, Bay of Bengal, India against Gram-positive pathogens. The antimicrobial activity and minimal
inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by performing agar disk diffusion and broth micro dilution methods
respectively. The qualitative and quantitative evaluation of anti-biofilm assays were done through CLSM and microtitre
plate (MtP) method respectively. During the course of screening, seven out of 38 mangrove sediment (MS) bacteria
were found to be antibiotic producers and their activities ranged from species specific to broad spectrum. An isolate
MMS-40 which was identified as Bacillus pumilus by 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis (GenBank accession number
KC122360) was found to be exceptionally potent in its antimicrobial activity. Hence, MMS-40 was subjected to mass
cultivation and purification by polarity based solvent extraction, followed by various chromatographic techniques including
reverse phase HPLC. The active principle thus purified was identified as Pyrrolo[1, 2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro3(2-methylpropyl) by GC-MS analysis. The MICs of the purified pyrrolopyrazine (PP) fraction against the tested Grampositive and Gram-negative indicator strains ranges from 565-195 µg mL-1. In this study, we also observed the antibiofilm efficiency of PP fraction against MRSA (ATCC 33591) and MSSA (ATCC 11632) biofilms. The CFU assay
revealed that the PP fraction was bacteriostatic for S. aureus strains. Furthermore, the results of this study indicated that
PP fraction at a very low concentrations (55-85 µg mL-1) was strong enough to significantly inhibit the young (8-h old)
as well as mature (24-h old) biofilms of MRSA and MSSA strains, as unveiled by the MtP assay, CLSM and SEM
analyses. Thus, the present study explicates the potential of a MS bacterium-B. pumilus for the production of an alkaloidpyrrolopyrazine with profound antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities.
Keywords: Mangrove sediment bacteria, pyrrolopyrazine, gas chromatography mass spectrometry.
Effect of Physiotherapy Services in the Recruitment of Abdominal Muscle in
Non specific chronic low back pain – An Electromyography study
Gopal Nambi S.
C.U.Shah College of Physiotherapy, Surendranagar, Gujarat, INDIA
Abstract: In physiotherapy Swiss balls provide different types of unstable surface which result in an increased need for
force output from trunk muscles to provide adequate spinal stability or balance. Hence the purpose of the study was to
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compare electromyographic (EMG) activity of the abdominal muscles between constant location and changing location
exercise. Design: Experimental Design. The myoelectric activity of four abdominal muscles (Upper and Lower Rectus
Abdominus, External Oblique, and Internal Oblique) was quantified by EMG during the performance of exercises.
Group-A, (n=10) performed SCALE constant location exercise and Group-B, (n=10) performed INDIAN FAKIR changing
location exercise with Swiss ball. Paired and Unpaired ‘t’ test was used to determine the abdominal muscle activity.
There was statistically significant (p < .05) difference in muscle activity (Upper and Lower Rectus Abdominus, External
Oblique, and Internal Oblique) between constant location and changing location exercises. However, there was large
degree of variability across subjects suggesting that individuals respond differently to both the types of exercises. These
findings suggest that changing location exercises offers more work to the abdominal muscles in compare to constant
location exercise. Changing location Swiss Ball exercises offers more work to the abdominal muscles in compare to
constant location exercise.
Keywords: EMG, Swiss ball, Rectus Abdominus, External Oblique, Internal Oblique.
Rapid Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Resistance to Second-Line
Drugs by Use of the Manual Radiometric BACTEC 460 TB system
Gulzar Hussain1,3, Baby Singha1, Ambreen Fatema2, Sumaiyya Shaikh2 and Shubhadeep Roychoudhury3
1Molecular
Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, G.C. College, Silchar, INDIA
2 Department of Microbiology Dr. BAMU, Aurangabad, INDIA
3Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, INDIA
Abstract: To evaluate, the efficacy of BACTEC 460 TB system for the diagnosis of tuberculosis from the different
hospital in the Delhi-NCR region, India. One hundred twenty eight Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were tested for
susceptibility to kanamycin, amikacin, capreomycin, levofloxacin, moxifloxicin, sparfloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin,
ethionamide , cycloserine, PAS (p- amino salicylic acid), by the manual radiometric BACTEC 460 TB system , and
results were compared to those obtained with the proportion method on BACTEC 12B (Middlebrook 7H12) Medium,
considered a reference method. Results for oûoxacin and cycloserine with 64.28% accuracy, and a result of 53.57%
accuracy, ciprofloxacin 39.28% accuracy, PAS 32.14% accuracy, kanamycin 32.14% accuracy, amicacin 28.57% accuracy,
levoflaxacin 28.57% accuracy, ethionamide 28.57% accuracy, moxifloxicin 28.57% accuracy, capreomycin 14.28%
accuracy and sparfloxacin 10.71% accuracy.The time required to obtain results was an average of 7 days by the manual
BACTEC 460 TB system and 3 weeks by the reference method. Our results show that the BACTEC system accurate
method for the rapid susceptibility testing of M. tuberculosis to second-line drugs.
Keywords: Acid fast bacilli culture, BACTEC 460 TB system, Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Effects of Transient Gestational Exposure of Di (2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate
(DEHP) on Endocrine Pancreas of rat F1 offspring
Rajesh Parsanathan, Suganya Sekaran, Sambavi Elangovan, Dinesh Babu Somasundaram and
Balasubramanian Karundevi
Dept. of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai, INDIA
Abstract: Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, a distinctive endocrine-disrupting chemical, is widely used as plasticizer. DEHP
exposure in humans is virtually ubiquitous. Gestational exposure to EDCs like DEHP may program a permanent diabetes
disposition. We investigated whether transient gestational DEHP exposure disrupts glucose homeostasis in the rat F1
offspring as a result of early impairment in the functions of endocrine pancreas. Pregnant Wistar rats were administered
with DEHP (1, 10 and 100 mg.kg-1.day-1) or olive oil from gestational day 9-21 by oral gavage. DEHP-exposed offspring
exhibited elevated blood glucose, reduced serum insulin, impaired glucose tolerance; glucose-stimulated insulin secretion
and decreased pancreatic insulin content at postnatal day 60 (PND60). Global DNA methylation level was increased in
DEHP treated groups. Further, the expression of genes involved in the development and function of â-cells (Insulin,
InsR, IRS-1, Akt, GLUT2, glucokinase, Maf A, Pdx-1, Pax4 and Pax6) were down regulated in islets. However, the
levels of FoxO-1, Atf4, Atf6, Bip, Ucp2, DNMTs, MeCP2, MDB2, mir-375 and 143 were elevated. These results suggest
that gestational exposure to DEHP favours â-cell dysfunction and the whole body glucometabolic abnormalities in the
F1offspring by down regulating the expression of critical genes. Further, DEHP-induced epigenetic changes in genes
involved in ?-cell development and function appear to play a significant role.
Keywords: Endocrine disruptor, Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, islets, â-cell, insulin, MafA, Pdx-1, miRNA-375, miRNA143
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Therapeutic role of Phytomedicines on obesity
Singh Sukhdev
Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla-171005, INDIA
Abstract: Obesity is becoming one of the largest threats to world health in this millennium. The effect of dietary fat is
well known as it is associated with diabetes, hypertension and cardio-vascular diseases. Certain long-term medications
like use of insulin, sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, atypical antipsycotics, antidepressant, steroids, some anticonvulsants
(phenytoin and valproate), pizotifen and some forms of hormonal contraception may cause weight gain or changes in
body composition. Retardation of nutrient absorption and digestion may be used as an approach to manage obesity and
related diseases. Orlistat is currently widely available and approved for long-term use. However, some side effects and
complications are also related with this medication. Currently, the potential of natural products for the treatment of
obesity is largely unexplored and such products may be safer and effective alternative(s) to the anti-obesity drugs. Phytochemicals like kievitone and visoltricine are useful in pharmacological treatments. Phyto-chemicals like flavonoides,
saponins, alkaloids and many others are reported as biologically active molecules. Plants may prove to be an alternative
source(s) of a variety of anti-lipolytic therapeutic molecule(s) that can either inhibit the pancreatic lipase or the uptake/
absorption of fat(s) or both. Moreover, medicinal plants are promising sources for isolation, identification and
characterization of bioactive compounds for developing effective anti-obesetic agents.
Keywords: Obesity, orlistat, pancreatic lipase inhibitors and phytochemical(s).
Correlation of serum reduced glutathione and glutathione dependent enzymes
with cytochrome c during adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients
Charushila Y. Kadam and Subodhini A. Abhang
Department of Biochemistry, B.J. Medical College and Sassoon General Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, INDIA
Abstract: Several studies have shown that cytotoxic drugs used in chemotherapy causes apoptosis induction in cancerous
cells by producing reactive oxygen species. The antioxidants neutralize these highly reactive free radicals and may
confer resistance to chemotherapy induced apoptosis. There is very limited data on the serum antioxidants and thei r
relationship with apoptosis markers in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. To measure serum levels of
cytochrome c and antioxidants such as reduced glutathione, glutathione-s-transferase and glutathione peroxidase and to
find out correlation between them in breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy. Clinically and
histopathologically proven 60 breast cancer patients (stage II+III) were included in the present study. 30 healthy controls
were selected for comparison. Blood samples were collected from healthy controls and post-operative breast cancer
patients before and after chemotherapy. Serum reduced glutathione and glutathione-s-transferase were measured by
spectrophotometric methods and serum glutathione peroxidase and cytochrome c by ELISA. The serum levels of reduced
glutathione, glutathione-s-transferase and glutathione peroxidase in stage II and stage III breast cancer patients were
significantly decreased (P<0.0001) where as serum level of cytochrome c was significantly increased (P<0.0001) after
chemotherapy as compare to levels before chemotherapy. A significant inverse correlation was found between serum
levels of these antioxidants and cytochrome c after chemotherapy. Our data suggests that administration of chemotherapeutic
drugs causes increase in oxidative stress as indicated by decreased levels of antioxidants reduced glutathione, glutathiones-transferase and glutathione peroxidase. The decreased levels of these antioxidants might be one of the mechanism by
which apoptosis is induced in breast cancer cells as evidenced by increased level of apoptotic marker, cytochrome c.
Keywords: Cytochrome c, reduced glutathione, glutathione-s-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, apoptosis.
Serum levels of nitric Oxide and Cytochrome c during adjuvant Chemotherapy
in Breast cancer patients
Subodhini A. Abhang and Charushila Y. Kadam
Department of Biochemistry, B.J. Medical College and Sassoon General Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, INDIA
Abstract: Cytochrome c release from mitochondria is key component in the activation of caspases and apoptotic cell
death. Nitric oxide suppresses apoptosis by preventing Bcl-2 cleavage and cytochrome c release from mitochondria.
These facts provided us rational to study the relationship of serum levels of nitric oxide and cytochrome c in breast
cancer patients after chemotherapy. To measure the serum level of nitric oxide and cytochrome c in post-operative breast
cancer patients before chemotherapy and 3 weeks after receiving 1st cycle of chemotherapy and to assess correlation
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between them. Clinically and histopathologically proven 60 breast cancer patients [stage II+ III] were included in the
present study. 30 healthy controls were selected for comparison. Blood was collected after surgery prior to chemotherapy
and after 3 weeks of administration of 1st cycle of chemotherapy. Serum nitric oxide was measured by spectrophotometric
method and cytochrome c was measured by ELISA. The serum levels of nitric oxide were significantly decreased where
as serum cytochrome c levels were significantly elevated in stage II as well as stage III of breast cancer patients after 3
weeks of 1st cycle of chemotherapy as compare to levels before chemotherapy (P<0.0001) and levels in healthy controls
(P<0.0001). A significant inverse correlation was found between serum nitric oxide and cytochrome c in breast cancer
patients after chemotherapy. Decreased levels of nitric oxide might contribute to elevated serum cytochrome c levels and
reflects the induction of apoptosis in breast cancer cells following adjuvant chemotherapy. The evaluation of these
parameters from serum may also provide useful information in assessing efficacy of chemotherapy treatment in breast
cancer.
Keywords: Nitric oxide, cytochrome c, apoptosis, breast cancer, chemotherapy.
The History of Medicine in India
S.D.K. Subhasree
Department of History, Sri Sarada College for Women, Salem - 636 016, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: The study of the history of ancient Indian medicine in the Indian sub-continent as a special subject by practitioners
of modern medicine, is of comparatively recent origin. I would like to present the subject under the following four main
divisions. Each main division has several sub-headings: (I) Ancient Indian medicine; (II) Indian medicine in medieval
times; (III) Indian medicine during the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century; (IV) Progress after
Independence in India (1947 to date).
Keywords: History, medicine.
Bacterial Peptide cCF10 Sex Pheromone and Pheromone-Responding Plasmid,
pCF10, in Enterococcus faecalis
Jawad Kadhim AL-Khafaji*
College of Medicine/ Babylon University IRAQ
Abstract: In Enterococcus faecalis, many important processes are controlled by cell to cell communication, which is
mediated by extracellular signal molecules, such as sex-pheromones. Purification: this study showed the possibility of
isolation of cCF10 sex pheromone from standard strain, E. faecalis FA2-2, and its purification using ion-exchange
chromatography. Activity test: activity of purified sex pheromone, cCF10, from culture filtrate was detected and showed
high active by formation of clumping E. faecalis with high density of cells. Plasmid transfer: the experiment of gene
transfer by pheromone-inducible conjugation among isolates of E. faecalis revealed that the sex pheromone ,cCF10,
plays important role in an inducing transfer of conjugative plasmid , pCF10, from plasmid-containing donor cells to
plasmid-free recipient cells. The cCF10 leads to high level of conjugation frequency, 1.6 x 10-1, and transferring antibiotic
resistance trait to tetracycline antibiotic drug among E. faecalis isolates and also with other species. This sex pheromone
was also important in transferring bacteriocin production trait among the isolates of E. faecalis. The sex pheromone,
cCF10, had not effect on transfer of plasmid among Gram negative bacteria, Escherichia coli isolates. Control: the effect
of cCF10 sex pheromone on plasmid transfer can be controlled by using protein-inhibition antibiotic agents, such as
chloramphenicol.
Keywords: Enterococcus faecalis, sex pheromone, gene transfer.
Isolation and Identification of Some Mycoplasma spp. from Urinary Tract
Infection in Basrah City by MDCS Method and PCR
AL-Ghizawi G.J. and Ganem E.A.
Department of biology, College of Education of pure science, Basrah University, Basrah, IRAQ
Abstract: A total of 200 hundreds urine samples were collected from males and females who admitted to Al- Basrah
general hospital, Al- -Sadr teaching hospital, Al –Fayhaa general hospital and Al-Mawani general hospital in center of
Basrah city with signs and symptoms suggestive of UTI for the period from November 2012 to April 2013. The age of
patients ranged from 5-65 years. Another 50 urine samples were collected from patients attending outpatient clinics
without signs and symptoms of UTI and considered as control. In an attempt to comprise isolation and identification of
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Mycoplasma spp and detection of bacteria other than Mycoplasma. Culture by method monophaasic-diphasic culture
setup (MDCS) and PCR techniques were used to detect Mycoplasma spp. in genitourinary tract infections in this study.
Culturing method basing on diagnostic characteristics revealed positive results of Mycoplasma spp. In 87/200 cases
(43.5%) included; Ureaplasma urealyticum in 73/200 cases (36.5%) while 13 cases (6.5%) were positive for M. hominis
and M. fermentans in one case (0.5%). The 73 isolates of U. Urealyticum and 13 isolates of M. hominis were selected for
PCR investigation. The results of this method indicated that 35/73 (47.9%) isolates of U. urealyticum were positive with
PCR method versus 38/73(52%) were negative while among the 13 isolates of M. hominis, only 6/13 (46.1%) were
positive with PCR technique versus 7/13 (53.8%) isolates exhibited negative results, culturing methods for diagnosis of
bacteria are still the best method. Escherichia coli was the first causative agent of infection 73(86.5%) then Staphylococcus
aureus 40(20%), Klepsiella pneumoniae 25(12.5%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa 7(3.5%) and Proteus spp.2(1%).
Keywords: Mycoplasma, UTI, MDCS, PCR.
Identification of Potential inhibitor to Reduce retinal Angiogenesis in
Proliferative Diabetic retinopathy: A Bioinformatic approach
S. Umadevi, S. Ashok, S. P. Anusha and S. Rajakumar
Dept of Marine Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli – 620 024, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Abstract: Diabetic retinopathy, the leading cause of blindness occurs by retinal micro vascular disfunction and causes
vision loss in 80% of the diabetic patients. Over accumulation of sugar damages the tiny blood vessels in the retina and
blocked. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy mainly occurs in an attempt to supply blood to the area where the original
vessels closed, the retina responds by growing new blood vessels through angiogenesis by activating the growth factors.
The new blood vessels are abnormal and fragile; if they leak blood, severe vision loss and even blindness can result.
Plasminogen Aictivator Inhibitor 1(PAI1) is one of the factors of neovascularization and 53% reduction in retinal
angiogenesis when it is absent. This work focused on the in silico analysis of ligand molecules suggested by DrugBank,
Protein Data Bank and identified the potential, toxic free and drug likeness inhibitor against PAI1.
Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy, PAI1, retinal angiogenesis, bioinformatics, inhibitors.
Combination Effect of a Monoclonal Antibody and Rapamycin on A431 cell line
over Expressing the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
Halima R.
Department of Biotechnology, Sir M Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology, Bangalore-562157, INDIA
Abstract: Most of the tumors are associated with the over expression of the cell surface receptor present in them. One of
them is the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Over expression of EGFR is associated with apoptosis, angiogenesis
and invasion/metastasis. A431 are known to over express EGFR making it an optimal model for study. The recent
consideration interest in developing EGFR targeting agents resulted in derivation of the immunoconjugates. The main
aim of this research is to implement more effective drugs at the lowest possible concentration. Different combinations of
a macrolide antibiotic, produced from a bacterium, with potent immunosuppressive and anti-proliferative effects and an
anti-EGFR humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) were tried on A431 cells. It is seen that the combinations of low
concentration of the monoclonal with high concentration of Rapamycin (macrolide antibiotic), high concentration of
monoclonal antibody with low concentration of small molecule and high concentration of monoclonal antibody with
high concentration of a small molecule shows a better suppression of tumor cells than the individual drugs alone. It is
also seen from the western blot analysis that the downstream signaling targets of the EGFR pathway have also been
affected. Thus the proposed imunoconjugates could produce a effective inhibition of the EGFR even at their lower
concentration than the rest of the individual drugs.
Keywords: EGFR, monoclonal, antibody, rapamycin, A431 cells.
Effect of Functional Electrical Stimulation on walking abilities in individuals
with Stroke: A Case Series
Vivek Sharma1, Harraman Kaur1 and Dwivedee S2
1Consultant
Physiotherapist, Department of Neurorehabilitation, VIMHANS, Delhi, INDIA
Neurologist, Department of Neurosciences, VIMHANS, Delhi, INDIA
2Consultant
Abstract: Stroke may lead to walking difficulty. One of the major concerns for stroke survivors is whther they regain
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their normal pattern of walking or not. Hemiplegia following stroke often leads to circumductory gait: an abnormal gait
pattern owing to foot drop. The conventional treatment for correcting foot drop secondary to stroke is ankle foot orthosis
(AFO) and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES). Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) is a novel intervention
designed to improve walking abilities by producing contractions in the paralysed muscles by the application of small
pulses of electrical stimulation to the intact nerve that supplies the paralysed muscle. FES for lower limb works by
electrically stimulating the common peroneal nerve during the swing phase of gait leading to contraction of the tibialis
anterior muscle and lateral compartment muscles with resultant dorsiflexion and eversion of the foot. FES can be used as
an alternative to ankle foot orthosis (AFO) for central foot drop. We present a case series in which FES was used while
walking to see its effect on walking speed, muscle strength, joint range of motion, and balance.
Keywords: Functional, electrical, stimulation, walking, abilities, individuals, stroke.
Monitoring depth of anaesthesia: Role of BIS monitoring
L.D. Mishra
Department of Anaesthesiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Bananas Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, INDIA
Abstract: Assessment of depth is a very basic requirement of any general anaesthesia. Until recently, fewer objective
methods of assessing depth were available and anaesthesiologists had to rely heavily on their clinical acumen and patients
physical signs. Emphasis for monitoring anaesthesia today appears to not only to prevent overdosing but also avoid
under-dosing so as to avoid possibility of awareness.
Keywords: Monitoring depth of anaesthesia: Role of BIS monitoring.
Preselection and Evaluation of Lactobacillus spp from Goat milk for their
Potential use as Probiotics
N. Devi Avaiyarasi, M.Rizwana Parveen Rani and A. David Ravindran
Department of Biology, Gandhigram Rural Institute –Deemed University, Gandhigram-624302, Tamilnadu, INDIA
Abstract: Probiotics as viable microorganism ingested in sufficient numbers confer one or more specialized health
benefits to the host. In vitro screening of potential probiotic is most needed before it is incorporated in the food. The aim
of the present study is to isolate and evaluate the potential probiotic isolated from goat milk. The isolated Lactobacillus
GM2 and GM3 strains is tested for resistance to low pH values, tolerance to bile salt, Antimicrobiol activity against
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Candida tropicalis, Candida albicans,
Escherichia coli. Growth curve kinetics along with bacteriocin production and in vitro antibiotics susceptibility test.
Lactobacillus spp.GM3 and GM2 isolated from goat milk were able to resist pH 1 for 2 hours and pH 2 and pH 3 for 3
hours and were able to tolerate 1% and 2% of bile concentration for 12 hours. Bacteriocin was produced at low levels
after 8 hours and maximum attains at 18 hours of incubation against Staphylococcus aureus with good acidifying property.
And showed resistance to most of the antibiotics. The result showed that there is a possibility of using Lactobacillus spp.
GM2 and GM3 as a probiotic with respect to protection against entric pathogens..
Keywords: Probiotic, bacteriocin, susceptibility, sufficient.
The impact of Endogenous Gonadal steroid Hormones on Athletic performance
and The Psychodynamic processes in Females: A Cross-sectional study
Nirmala.S.Anand and S.S. Goudar
Dept of Physiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgaum, Karnataka, INDIA
Abstract: Hormonal changes during the course of a woman’s menstrual cycle may affect physiological and psychological
potential & impact sports performance. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of endogenous hormones on
selected indices of athletic performance like Aerobic endurance, Isometric strength, anaerobic capacity, performance
index &psychosomatic responses like Rate perceived exertion .Methods-40 eumenorrhic females aged (18-20) from 1
year M.B.B.S (J.N.M.C) were recruited during 10th (follicular) & 20th (luteal) day of their regular menstrual cycle after
a well informed & written consent .Basal body temperature was monitored. Hormone levels were quantified using
Chemilluminescent immunoassay & free form of hormones from saliva using RIA. Aerobic endurance was determined
using Balke protocol on a treadmill for Vo2 max, Isometric strength using Jamar hand grip dynamometer & Anaerobic
capacity determined using Wingate(WANT) 30 sec test on a monarch bicycle ergometer. Psychosomatic responses ranked
using Borge scale for Rate perceived exertion. Statistical Analysis: Student paired t test was used to compare the results
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between the two phases. p<0.05 Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to assess subjective data.Results:Vo2 max was (51
ml/kg/min) follicular phase& (60.2ml/kg/min). PI on treadmill was (4.4) follicular & (2.6) luteal phase. Isometric strength
was in the Luteal phase tmax (71.9 ±10.16) & (70.7±13.48) pounds in follicular. Isometric Endurance time in follicular
phase was (64.6±4.14) secs as compared to (64.2±4.81) secs in the luteal phase which did not seem to differ from each
other statistically .Anaerobic Capacity by WANT was (384.6W)luteal & (342.7W) follicular phase, anaerobic power
was (478W) follicular & (522W ) luteal.RPE using Borge scales were (8) follicular & (12) luteal phase& fatigue index
was (42% )follicular & (55 %) luteal phase .Conclusion: We conclude that Aerobic & Anaerobic endurance is greater in
the luteal phase while Isometric strength is unaffected by ovarian phases in women with regular menstrual cycle
Keywords: Isometric strength, anaerobic capacity, hand grip dynamometer, Performance index.
Alteration of Neurocardiac Homeostatic Responses to Physiological stressors
during different phases of Menstrual Cycle- A Cross-Sectional Study
Nirmala. S. Anand and Shivaprasad. S. Goudar
Dept of Physiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, KLE University, Belgaum, Karnataka, INDIA
Abstract: A female has a unique physiological kaleidoscope of changing hormonal profiles throughout her biological
life cycle which may alter homeostasis by affecting various cardiac & autonomic parameters. We wanted to study the
intricate interplay between the gonadal hormones, Neural ANS & CVS. Materials & Methods-30females aged (1820yrs) from 1st year M.B.B.S studying in J.N.M.C were recruited after ethical clearance, written & informed consent .
BBT was noted. On the 10th (follicular) & 20th (luteal) days the hormone levels were quantified using Chemilluminescent
immunoassay & saliva using RIA .HR was recorded using Naviquire software & BP recorded with Omron
sphygmomanometer. Tests for sympathetic function like Pulse rate, BP, CPT &Orthostatic test while parasympathetic
tests were Valsalva ratio, Expiratory :Inspiratory ratio & 30:15 ratio. The subjects used Balke protocol on a treadmill .
HRRI, % decline in HR &BP (1&3 min), HR&BP recovery time &Chronotopic index were computed .HRV analysis &Poincare
plot was done . Statistical Analysis-The results analysed by paired “t” test. Karl pearsons coefficient of correlation was
also used.Results- pulse ( supine) was (86)bpm in follicular & ( 77 ) bpm in luteal phase .SBP (SUPINE) was (114 mm Hg)
luteal & (106 mmHg )follicular phase while SBP(STANDING ) was (106 mmHg) luteal & (102.24 mmHg) follicular phase
.DBP on CPT was higher in luteal phase. E:I ratio was (1.12) luteal & (1.02)follicular phase. Valsalva ratio was (1.16)
follicular & (1.54) luteal phase. HR post exercise was higher in luteal . HRRI was (60)1min (71.5)3minin follicular vs
(58)1min( 64.1)3min in luteal phase.% decline in HR was faster in follicular phase vs luteal phase. Recovery time was (14)
min in follicular vs (19) min in luteal phase.SBP (PEAK ) was higher in luteal while SBPRT was faster in follicualr
phase.HRV showed RMSSD &PNN50 reduced in luteal phase(r = -0.690 ).Poincare plot showed values of SD1&SD2
were lower in luteal phase .Conclusion-Our findings indicate a higher sympathetic activity and a higher HR &BP in the
luteal phase due to increased progesterone levels as compared to follicular phase. cycle..
Key words: Menstrual cycle, autonomic function tests, sympathetic activity, oestrogen, progesterone.
Biopolymer Microsphere Mesh for delivery of Silver Nano particles and
Bioactive compounds for Diabetic Wound healing
S.Anantha Suganiya, V.Varalakshmi and R.Mala
Department of Biotechnology, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi-626005, Tamilnadu, INDIA
Abstract: India is the world capital of diabetes. There are currently more than 30 million people living with diabetes in
India. The incidence of foot ulcer is extraordinarily high among people with diabetes. Hence the aim of the present study
is to formulate a novel hydrogel wound dressing with a combination of biopolymers, herbal extract and silver nano
particles to accelerate diabetic wound healing.Silver nano particle was synthesized using Spirulina platensis and the
particle size was found to be 64-84 nm. MBC was found to be 64µg/ml against E.coli, isolated from diabetic wound.
Swelling property, gelling property and invitro static diffusion assay of the formulated hydrogel were assessed. Invivo
efficiency of hydorgel in accelerating the healing of infectious diabetic wound was evaluated in rat model as approved by
IAEC. Hydrogel exhibited antimicrobial activity and the microbial count was 4.66 x 104 cfu/mm in rats treated with
commercial wound dressing and 1.21 x 101 cfu/mm in hydrogel treated rats on 4th day after diabetic wound formation.
On 14th day 68.35±2.33% wound healing was observed in control and 93.7±2.96 % in hyrogel treated rats.
Keywords: Silver nano particle, biopolymers and infectious diabetic wound.
212
Effect of Tangeretin by Targeting the Expression of Cellular Metabolic energy
Modulation on Proliferative Breast cancer Rats
Periyasamy Kuppusamy, Vanitha Kalappan, Baskaran Kuppusamy and Sakthisekaran Dhanapal
Dept. of Medical Biochemistry, Dr.ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani,
Chennai – 600 113, INDIA
Abstract: Breast cancer is the leading cause of death by cancer in women worldwide. Chemoprevention and
chemotherapeutic with anticancer treatment is therefore crucial for reducing the incidence of disease and mortality.
Evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies indicates that naturally occurring antioxidants present in the
diet can act as anticancer agents. The Metabolic changes provide easy access to knowledge on the breast cancer related
changes in the glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Irrespective of the initial alterations on several of the cellular energy
modifies have been proposed as suitable metabolic enzymes for the recognition of phytochemicals on the treatment of
breast cancers. The aim of the present study was aimed to investigate the energy modulating effects of tangeretin by
alterations in carbohydrate metabolism on DMBA induced breast cancer bearing Sprague dawley rats. Methods: In this
study, the experimental groups were divided into five groups each contains six animals. Group-I was normal healthy
control, Group-II was breast cancer induced by administration of DMBA 80 mg/kg body weight dissolved in 0.5 ml olive
oil given a single dose orally, Group III was pre-treated with Tangeretin (50 mg/kg body weight) for 30 days before
administration of DMBA as stated in Group II, Group IV was post-treated with Tangeretin (50 mg/kg body weight)
breast cancer bearing (as stated in Group II) rats for 30 days and Group-V was drug control rats tangeretin (50 mg/kg)
treated alone. The glycolytic enzymes such as Hexokinase, Phosphoglucoisomerase, Aldolase, gluconeogenic enzymes
like Glucose-6-phosphatase, Fructose-1,6-diphosphatase besides mitochondrial enzymes such as Isocitrate dehydrogenase,
á-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, Succinate dehydrogenase, Malate dehydrogenase analysis of experimental animals were
done according to the standard protocols. In these results we observed that the effect of tangeretin on the activities of
glycolysis, gluconeogenesis moreover the mitochondrial enzymes in the mammary tissue of control and experimental
animals. The activity of hexokinase, phosphoglucoisomerase and aldolase were significantly (p<0.05) increased, whereas
the activity of gluconeogenic enzymes such as Glucose-6-Phosphatase and Fructose-1,6-biphosphatase as well as the
mitochondrial enzymes such as á-KG, ICDG, SDH and MDH were significantly (p<0.05) decreased, in (Group II) mammary
carcinoma bearing animals when compared with (Group I) control animals. Upon the treatment with tangeretin resulted
in a significant (p<0.05) reduction in glycolysis further the gluconeogenisis and mitochondrial enzyme activities
significantly (p<0.05) increased in Group III pre-treated and group IV post-treated rats when compared with group II
rats. No significant (p<0.05) differences in the activities of glycolytic, gluconeogenic and mitochondrial enzymes were
seen between tangeretin alone treated animals (group V) and control animals (group I). The role of tangeretin
supplementation in carbohydrate metabolism was studied on DMBA induced mammary carcinoma bearing rats. Increased
activities of glycolytic enzymes and decreased in the activities of gluconeogenesis and mitochondrial enzymes in tumour
bearing animals were seen due to excessive energy utilization for cell proliferation. These alterations were brought back
to near normalcy on treatment with tangeretin. Reversal of carbohydrate metabolism observed in tangeretin supplemented
tumor induced rats is mainly due to energy modulating activities present in the tangeretin. In this study we conclude from
the results that the tangeretin has possibility role in the energy modulating on proliferative breast cancer cells.
Keywords: Tangeretin, DMBA, Breast Cancer, Glycolysis, TCA cycle.
Evaluation of Renal Status among Hypertensive Postmenopausal
Women with and without Renal Insufficiency
Salini A. and Jeyanthi G.P.
Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher
Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, INDIA
Abstract: Menopause is accompanied by increased risk of chronic diseases. Hypertension is mostly asymptomatic and
if left untreated may progress to renal damage. In the present study, an attempt was made to assess the renal function
among hypertensive postmenopausal women with and without renal insufficiency. Forty five postmenopausal women
were selected and categorized into three groups - normotensive postmenopausal, hypertensive postmenopausal and
hypertensive postmenopausal with renal insufficiency. Serum creatinine, sodium, potassium, chloride and estimated
glomerular filtration rate were assessed in the selected groups. Kruskal-Wallis test was performed using SPSS 16.0
statistical software. Serum creatinine levels were significantly increased in hypertensive postmenopausal with renal
insufficiency compared to normotensive and hypertensive postmenopausal women. Sodium levels were significantly
elevated in hypertensive postmenopausal women compared to those with renal insufficiency. Whereas potassium levels
were significantly decreased in hypertensive postmenopausal women compared to normotensives. No significant difference
was observed in chloride levels. A significant decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate was found in experimental
213
Souvenir of 3rd International Science Congress _________________

ISC-2013 - ISCA : International E

Transcription

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