medicinal and aromatic plants in generating of new values

Transcription

AKADEMIJA NAUKA I UMJETNOSTI BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE
АКАДЕМИJА НАУКА И УМJЕТНОСТИ БОСНЕ И ХЕРЦЕГОВИНЕ
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND ARTS OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
SPECIAL EDITIONS
VOL. CXL
Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics
Volume 18
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
"MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS
IN GENERATING OF NEW VALUES
IN 21st CENTURY"
Sarajevo, 9-12 November, 2011
Book of Abstracts
Editor in Chief
Sulejman Redžić
SARAJEVO 2011
AKADEMIJA NAUKA I UMJETNOSTI BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE
АКАДЕМИJА НАУКА И УМJЕТНОСТИ БОСНЕ И ХЕРЦЕГОВИНЕ
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND ARTS OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
POSEBNA IZDANJA
KNJIGA CXL
Odjeljenje prirodnih i matematičkih nauka
Knjiga 18
MEĐUNARODNA KONFERENCIJA
LJEKOVITO I AROMATIČNO BILJE
U GENERIRANJU NOVIH VRIJEDNOSTI
U 21. STOLJEĆU
Sarajevo, 9-12. novembar 2011.
Knjiga sažetaka
Urednik
Sulejman Redžić
SARAJEVO 2011
„MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS IN GENERATING OF NEW
VALUES IN 21ST CENTURY”
PRESIDENT OF ORGANIZING & SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE
Sulejman REDŽIĆ
Secretary
Melisa FORIĆ
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
Ljubomir BERBEROVIĆ (Sarajevo, BH)
Biljana BALJAJ (East Sarajevo, BH)
Dubravka ŠOLJAN (Sarajevo, BH)
Mithat USČUPLIĆ (Sarajevo, BH)
Nezir TANOVIĆ (Mostar, BH)
Senka BARUDANOVIĆ (Sarajevo, BH)
Suvada ŠAĆIRAGIĆ BORIĆ
(Sarajevo, BH)
Taib ŠARIĆ (Sarajevo, BH)
SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE
Andria PIERONI (Pollenzo/Bra, Italy)
Armin ŠKRBO (Sarajevo, BiH)
Bakir MEHIĆ (Sarajevo, BiH)
Biljana BAUER PETROVSKA
(Skopje, R Macedonia)
Ilkay ERDOGAN-ORHAN (Ankara,
Turkey)
Francisco Javier TARDIO (Madrid, Spain)
Jacobus ELOFF (Pretoria, South Africa)
Joan VALLES (Barcelona, Spain)
Jonathan FERRIER (Ottawa, Canada)
Kasim BAJROVIĆ (Sarajevo, BiH)
Kemal Hüsnü Can BAŞER (Eskisehir,
Turkey)
Lukasz LUCZAJ (Łódź, Poland)
M.B. REZAEE (Tehran, Iran)
Milan MATARUGA (Banjaluka, BiH)
Milka MAKSIMOVIĆ (Sarajevo, BiH)
Muhsin KONUK (Afyonkarahisar, Turkey)
Mustafa ĐELILOVIĆ (Sarajevo, BiH)
Nada KOVAČEVIĆ (Belgrade, Serbia)
Nezir TANOVIĆ (Mostar, BiH)
Raman DANG (Bangalore, India)
Rifat TERZIĆ (Tuzla, BH)
Rudolf BAUER (Graz, Austria)
Sandeep KUMAR VERMA (Indore,
India)
Tamara BOSNIĆ (Sarajevo, BiH)
Tarik ČATIĆ (Sarajevo, BiH)
Vladimir RANĐELOVIĆ (Niš, Serbia)
Vlado MATEVSKI (Skopje, Macedonia)
Vojislav TRKULJA (Banjaluka, BiH)
Yusuf OZTURK (Eskisehir, Turkey)
Zlatko BULIĆ (Podgorica, Montenegro)
Zora DAJIĆ STEVANOVIĆ (Belgrade,
Serbia)
ADMINISTRATION
Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina
PUBLISHER
Cicrulation: 300 copies
MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS IN GENERATING OF NEW
VALUES IN 21ST CENTURY
Financial Support Provided by:
Main Sponsor:
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Ministry of Agriculture, Water Management and Forestry
(Mr. Jerko Ivanković Lijanović, Minister); (http://www.fmpvs.gov.ba/)
Sponsors:
Federal Ministry of Education and Science
(Mr. Damir Mašić, BSc., Minister); (http://www.fmon.gov.ba/)
Federation of Bosnia and Hercegovina
Sarajevo Canton
Ministry of Education and Science
(Dr.sci. Emir Suljagić, Minister); (http://www..monks.ba)
Mayoralty of Sarajevo City
(Prof. dr. sci. Alija Behmen, Mayor); (http://www.sarajevo.ba)
Foreign Trade Chamber of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo
(Prof. dr. sci. Faruk Jašarević, Secretary General); (http://www.komorabih.ba/)
APOTEKE SARAJEVO, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Public Institution for traffic, making medicines, medicinal products and other
commodities
(Mr. Redžad Čatić, MSc., Mr.ph., General Director); (http://apoteke-sarajevo.ba/)
REMEDIA d.o.o. Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Pharmaceutical Health Institution, Sarajevo
(Mr. Erduan Jažić, Mr.ph., General Director); (http://sarajevoto.com/RemediaDOO)
HERCEGOVINALIJEK d.o.o. Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Pharmaceutical Health Institution for the Import and Distribution of Drugs
(Mr. Šemsudin Hasić, BSc., General Director); (www.hercegovinalijek.ba)
Foreword
Mankind is currently in deep economic and ecological crisis. This results in a
significant turn of events in the world political scene and the process of globalization.
There are more and more people who are hungry and thirsty. An enormous amount
of people do not have adequate medical care and access to medicines. Conventional
sources of medicines and dietetics are harder to access, and new diseases are surfacing
requiring new answers. Natural resources, although under strong pressure from man,
still provide significant opportunities in accessing a wide spectrum of medicinals and
dietetics. In addition, natural resources provide great opportunities for generating
sustainable profits. This particularly applies to areas with high biodiversity richness.
The medicinal, aromatic and edible plants and fungi play a key role, with a particular
challenge still being in the not explored plants, among which many are endemic.
The members of the Academy of Science and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, being
aware of these estimates, have decided to find projects which on scientific grounds
can offer practical solutions to reduce the economic crisis and increase overall profits.
This is what prompted the organization of the International Conference: „Medicinal
and Aromatic Plants in Generating of New Values in 21st Century“.
The main purpose of the Conference is to identify patterns of use of MAPs in
generating new values in the field of biomedicine, biotechnology and bioengineering,
through an increase in economic power and reduction of local poverty built on
sustainable basis through a multidisciplinary approach and use of science from many
different scientific areas.
Judging on the basis of received 230 papers from over 500 authors and co-authors
from over 30 countries from various scientific fields, it will be possible to identify new
directions of development and use of medicinal and aromatic plants, including fungi
and lichens. The acquired knowledge and experiences have a global significance, with
a large range of applications at the regional and local level. Bosnia and Herzegovina
in this regard has enormous possibilities, with a great chance of sustainability.
Editor
6
CONTENTS
SESSION A
Biodiversity of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
(including Fungi and Lichenes)......................................................................................... 9
SESSION B
Pharmaceutical Biology (Chemistry, Identification,
Isolation of active compounds)....................................................................................... 25
SESSION C
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology......................................................................... 71
SESSION D
Standardization in Herbal Sector................................................................................... 93
SESSION E
Organic Certification and Safety.................................................................................... 97
SESSION F
Molecular Biology and Biotechnology .........................................................................101
SESSION G
Pharmacoinformatic in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants.......................................... 125
SESSION H
Cultivation and Environmental Botany.......................................................................131
SESSION I
Economy of Herbal Sector............................................................................................. 169
SESSION J
Sustainable Use and Conservation of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants.................. 177
SESSION K
Phytotherapy and Clinical Studies............................................................................... 187
SESSION L
Pharmacology and Genotoxicology............................................................................. 209
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SESSION M
Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements.................................................................... 243
SESSION N
Honey and Honey Plants................................................................................................ 249
SESSION O
Free pics............................................................................................................................ 261
Author Index to Presentations...................................................................................... 265
SESSION A
BIODIVERSITY OF MEDICINAL AND
AROMATIC PLANTS (INCL. FUNGI AND
LICHENES)
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
Introductory Lecture
I.L.A.1.
Medicinal and aromatic plants in generating
new values for the 21st century – possibilities
and perspectives
Sulejman Redžić1,2
CEPRES - Center of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Faculty of Science University of
Sarajevo, 71 00 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Corresponding author: [email protected]
1
2
The recent population is growing exponentially [1]. The needs for food and
medicine is increasing. Regional, and global poverty is increasing. A way to reduce
the galloping growth of poverty is sustainable use of medicinal and aromatic plants
(MAP). Especially in countries in transition [2, 3].
The biggest global market of MAPs is China, Germany, France, Italy, Japan, Spain,
United Kingdom and the United States. The International Council for MAPs has
announced that global growth during 2001. and 2002 was 8-10% per year. The world
market was estimated at 60 billion U.S. $ in 2003. Europe is a major world trader of
MAPs. Today at the market are at least 2000 species of MAPs, of which 1200 to 1300
species are associated only to the European continent [4, 5].
In current situation needs for herbal products at the international market is increasing.
It is high opportunity for generating of sustainable benefit using of natural resources.
There are more chances for regional and global economy to improve. Particularly it is
great opportunity for global poor (especially in the Third and Fourth World).
For the sustainable use of MAPs, it is necessary to develop programs of organic
certification [6]. In addition, it is necessary to apply international law, particularly
the Convention on Biological Diversity and the CITES Convention. Sustainable
use of MAP is a prerequisite in generating ecologically sustainable benefit.
MAPs are a great opportunity for new medicines and bio-materials [7] in both,
developed and developing countries. For developing countries and countries in
transition, MAPs have a great chance to reduce poverty and generate sustainable
profits.
Keywords: Biodiversity of plants, Economic botany, Income generation, Poverty
reduction
11
References:
1. Bartlett, A. (2004). The Essential Exponential! For the Future of Our Planet. Center for Science,
Mathematics and Computer Education, University of Nebraska-Lincoln..2.Redzic, S. (2006) Proc.1st
IFOAM Intern. Conf. Organic Wild Production, 117-141. 3. Redzic, S.S.( 2007) Coll Antropol 31, 869890. 4. Redzic, S. (2010) J Med Plant Res 4, 11: 1003-1027. 5. Redzic, S. (2008) Planta Med 74: 1143-1144.
6. Redzic S, et al. (2009) Planta Med 75: 902-902.
7. Barudanovic, S. et al.(2009) Planta Med 75: 938-938.
Plenary lecture
PL. A.1.
Halophytes as potentially valuable medicinal
plants: a general overview
Zora Dajić Stevanović, Svetlana Aćić, Milica Petrović, Ivan Šoštarić
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade, Serbia
Despite the fact of a general increase of salt affected soils, due to the global warming
and improper irrigation, such habitats are insufficiently managed and used, although
known for their potential in the “biosaline agriculture” (Dajic, 2006), including
production of medicinal and aromatic plants. In order to estimate the potential of saline
habitats for sustainable use in the herbal sector, a range of halophytic communities
of the Southeast and central Europe was searched in terms of the presence and
distribution of medicinal and aromatic plants. Out of more than 50 species capable
to grow in saline habitats, the highest abundance and frequency exhibited the Achillea
millefolium complex (mainly A. collina), Mentha pulegium, Artemisia monogyna subsp.
salina, Chamomilla recutita, Taraxacum. serotinum, and Polygonum aviculare, as well
as several typical halophytes of the genus Plantago, such as P. maritima, P. tenuiflora
and P. schwarzenbergiana. .Our contribution to research of halophytic medicinal plants
is also related to characterization of essential oil in indigenous populations of yarrow
(Achillea millefolium aggregate) and pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium) collected from salt
affected soils. In addition, a survey of recent studies in evaluation of halophytic species
for their secondary metabolites and related biological interactions was performed. It
was found that obligate halophytes, such as Crithmum maritimum, Cakile maritima,
Eryngium maritimum, Atriplex halimus, Mesembryanthemum crystallinum and some
others, were characterized by the presence of phenolic compounds and exhibiting of
related antioxidant effects (e.g. Meot-Duros and Magne, 2009). It is already accepted
that halophytes evolved very efficient system of radical oxygen scavenging as adaptive
mechanism linked to salt stress It is also assumed that numerous salt tolerant species,
like Catharanthus roseus, Cressa cretica, Tribulus terestris, Aloe barbadensis, Calotropis
12
procera, Acanthus ilicifolius, Eryngium maritimum, Cakile maritima, etc., showed
antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer and some other favorable biological effects (Dagar
and Singh, 2007)..
Keywords: saline habitats, MAP, secondary metabolites
Acknowledgements: Authors are grateful to the Ministry of the Education and Science of
Republic of Serbia for supporting the Project No 31057 to obtain results partly presented in
our study.
References:
1. Dagar JC, Singh G. (2007). Biodiversity of saline and waterlogged environments: documentation,
utilization and management. National Biodiversity Authority, India. 2. Dajić, Z. (2006): Salt stress salinity and tolerance mechanisms in plants. In: Physiology and molecular biology of stress tolerance
in plants. Springer, Netherlands. 3. Meot-Duros L.,Magne, C. 2009. Plant Physiol.Biochem. 47: 37-41.
SESSION lectures
SL. A.1
THE MEDICINALLY IMPORTANT POISONOUS PLANTS OF
IGDIR PROVINCE
(EAST ANATOLIA, TURKEY)
Ernaz Altundag
Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
A survey of the poisonous plants used in the traditional medicine in Igdir has been
carried out during 2007-2010. The plant specimens were collected in collaboration
with local people in differeent seasons and stored in ISTE (Istanbul University, Faculty
of Pharmacy Herbarium). In all 30 plant taxa belonging to 20 genera and 10 families
were recorded from the province which were poisonous. The family Ranunculaceae
has the highest number of poisonous plant taxa (7) in the province, followed by
Asteraceae (4 taxa) and Fabaceae (4 taxa). Information on these 30 poisonous plant
taxa will be presented here together with their applications in traditional medicine.
The detoxification methods will also be given. The aim here is to create awareness
among the public about various poisonous plants and introduce new medicinal uses
for future pharmacological studies.
Keywords: Poisonous plants, Medicinal plants, Igdir, Turkey
Acknowledgement: Present work has been supported by the Research Grant from Istanbul
University, Project No. 1441.
13
SL. A.2
BIODIVERSITY OF MENTHA L. SPECIES (LAMIACEAE)
IN PANNONIAN PART OF SERBIA
Goran Anačkov1, Milica Rat1, Boris Radak1, Bojana Bokić1, Milica
Radanović1, Biljana Božin2
University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Scineces, Department of Biology and Ecology, Novi Sad, Serbia
2
University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Novi Sad, Serbia
1
Although the genus Mentha L. comprises between 14 and 25 species [1] and certain are
used in traditional medicine, only the peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.) is described
in in Ph. Eur. IV [2]. It is recommended for treatment of gastritis and enteritis. in
colicky dissorders, in flatulence and chronic cholecystopathies. Besides peppermint,
spearmint (M. spicata L.), cornmint (M. arvensis L.), almost all other mint species are
used in folk medicines for treatment of similar and a vide range of other dissorders
[3]. Since ancient times, mints have been among the widely used aromatic plants for
food flavoring, tea preparation and as medicines.
The mapping and analyses of the distribution of Mentha L. species in Pannonian
part of Serbia was based on herbarium specimens from the Herbarium BUNS,
published data and on field observations. The nomenclature is consistent with the
latest checklists, papers, monographs and databases [4]. The analysis of diversity and
the summary distribution of mint species were presented on a 10km x 10km grid
using Universal Transverse Mercator projection [5].
The distribution of 12 taxa Panonian area of Serbia was analyzed with respect to
geographic, ecological and climatic factors. The qualitative composition of mint
species was also compared. The most widespread taxa from 12 of them are M.
aquatica L. (app. 400 field data), M. pulegium L. (app. 330 field data) and M. longifolia
L. (app. 230 field data). Species used in pharmaceutical industry are present in only
few localities, which presence is not confirmed in all cases. Thus, pepermint is present
at 7, spearmint at 6 points and cornmint is most widespread among them (38 field
data). This area today is disturbed by human activities and pose a threat to the survival
of these populations. For the efficiency use of aromatic plants in pharmaceutical
industry, it is necessary to confirm all data fields, range of populations and predict
the usable percentage of mint species from natural habitats.
Keywords: Mentha L., biodiversity, Pannonian plain, Serbia
Acknowledgements: The Provincial Secretariat for Science and Technological Development of
Vojvodina (grant number 114-451-2056/2011-01).
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References:
1.Harley, R.M., Brighton, C.A. (1977): Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 74: 71-96. 2.European Pharmacopeia, 4th ed.,
Vol. 2.8.12 (2002) Council of Europe: Strasbourg Cedex. 3. Mimica-Dukic, N., Bozin, B.. (2008): Curr.
Pharm. Design, 14(29): 3141-3150. 4. http://ww2.bgbm.org/EuroPlusMed/. 5. http://www.luomus.fi/
english/botany/afe/map/utm.htm.
SL. A.3
THE MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF GENUS
ENDEMIC PLANT OF TURKEY TCHIHATCHEWIA ISATIDEA
BOISS.
Ahmet GÜMÜŞÇÜ1, Serkan URANBEY2, Mikail ÇALIŞKAN3, Neşet ARSLAN4
Selcuk University, Cumra High Educational College, Cumra, Konya, Turkey; 2Cankiri
Karatekin University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Cankiri, Turkey; 3Central
Research Institute of Field Crops, Yenimahalle, Ankara, TURKEY; 4Ankara University, Faculty
of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Diskapi, Ankara, Turkey
1
This research was done at the experimental fields of Cumra High Educational
College, Konya, Turkey, in 2008-2010 years. In this study, the seeds of Tchihatchewia
isatidea, which is endemic as genus, collected from various regions of Turkey used as
materials. Adaptation trial was done with four replications and some morphological
observations were completed. Plant height, canopy diameter, leaf number, branch
number, leaf width, leaf length, capsule number per plant, capsule yield per plant,
days to flowering, days to flowering period, thousand seed weight, seed yield per
plant and seed yield per hectare were observed. The aim of this study is to improve
a new ornamental, dying and aromatic plant with long flowering period. According
to the results; observed characters changed between 26- 44 cm in plant height; 1152.7 cm in canopy diameter; 45- 163 leaves per plant; 6- 120 in branch number;
10.45- 35.86 mm in leaf width; 47.65- 152.74 mm in leaf length; 194- 1091 in capsule
number per plant; 8- 26 g in capsule yield per plant; 532- 576 days to flowering; 13-30
days to flowering period; 5.1-10.5 g in 1000 seed weight; 5.1- 17.4 g in seed yield per
plant and 561- 1807 kg in seed yield per hectare.
Keywords: Tchihatchewia isatidea, genus endemic, morphological characterization,
ornamental plant, dying plant
15
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
P.A.1.
DIVERSITY AND PROTECTION OF WILD MEDICINAL AND
AROMATIC PLANTS IN MONTENEGRO
Sead Hadžiablahović1, Sulejman Redžić2, Zlatko Bulić1
Institute for the Protection of Nature of Montenegro, Trg Vojvode Bećir Bega Osmanagića 16,
PO Box 2 20000 Podgorica, Montenegro
2
Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
3
Faculty of Sciences, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
1
The medicinal and aromatic plants (MAP) are to be considered as a very important
part of the biological resources of Montenegro. In Montenegro there is no a Medicinal
and Aromatic Plants’ Law which would be a guideline for a policy in regulation of
plant medicinal products for human use and to be a conjunction with the various
relevant EU Directives and Regulations.
Article 1 (2) of European Council Directive 65/65/EEC defines a medicinal product
as follows: ‘Any substance or combination of substances presented for treating or
preventing disease in human beings or animals’. However, ’There are products,
however, which could be said to occupy a “borderline” position between for example
medicines and nutritional products, between medicines and cosmetic substances
between medicines and medical devices and between medicines and so-called
“lifestyle” products’ (Guide, 1999).
In this paper the term ’medicinal and aromatic plants’ has conditional meaning
and include all the plants species that are used, in fresh or dry condition, for cure
or prophylactics, for production of pharmaceuticals, for food, for cosmetic and
technical purposes. The list of presented MAP includes only autochthonous (wild)
plant species in the Montenegrin flora.
Considering published (Rohlena 1942, Pulević 2005, and later publ.) data the
Montenegro has about 3500 species of higher plants (including alochtonous plants). A
great number (more than 500) of species are presented in the MAP list of Montenergo.
Some of them have conservation importance because they have protected by Law
(“Sl. list RCG”, br. 76/06).
Keywords: diversity, medicinal and aromatic plants, protection
References:
1.Guide to the Definition of a Medicinal Product. Irish Medicines, Board Edition 1, May 1999.
2.Council Directive 65/65/EEC on the approximation of provisions laid down by law, regulation or
administrative ction relating to medicinal products (O.J. L. No 22 of 9/2/65 Pg. 369). 3.Rohlena J. 1942.
Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae. Preslia 20-21. 4.Pulević V. 2005. Građa za vaskularnu floru Crne
16
Gore. - Rep. Zavod Zašt. Prir. (Podgorica), posebna izdanja, Kn. 2. 5.Rješenje o stavljanju pod zaštitu
pojedinih biljnih i životinjskih vrsta (“Sl. List RCG”, br. 76/06).
P.A.2.
FLORA OF MONTENEGRO AND THE POSSIBILITY OF USE
OF MEDICINAL, AROMATIC AND HONEY PLANT SPECIES
Zlatko Bulić1, Sulejman Redžić2,3, Sead Hadžiablahović1
Institute for the Protection of Nature of Montenegro, Trg Vojvode Bećir Bega Osmanagića 16,
PO Box 2 20000 Podgorica, Montenegro
2
Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
3
Faculty of Sciences, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
1
On the small area of the territory of Montenegro (13.812 km2), which occupies
only 0.01% of the total world land, contained 1.2% of the total world flora. The total
number of species per unit area is among the highest in Europe: S/A = 0871. A large
number of rare, endemic, relic species, as well as medicinal and aromatic plants are
present in Montenegro.
Medical and associated flora was studied and annotated its use in folk medicine in
Montenegro. In the old Montenegro, the court Petrovic, and even earlier, worked
many Montenegrin healer who used many of the secrets of medicinal plants and
transferring that knowledge from generation to generation. About 500 species of
medicinal plants is present in Montenegro and in use (in traditional medicine) is a
relatively small number of species.
Legal regulations, which treated medical and aromatic plants of Montenegro is
located in the acts: the Law on Environment, Nature Conservation Act, Forest
Act, The decision on the protection of certain plant and animal species, as well as,
subordinate legislation (Regulations on conditions of collection and utilization of
unprotected species), etc.
The inventory and making area map of most characteristic species and communities
as well as possibility of rational and strictly controlled use of MAP of Montenegro has
to be established. These activities should be implemented through the work of creating
an electronic database of medical and aromatic plants in Montenegro, making area
map of the most typical representatives of MAP of Montenegro (Salvia officinalis,
Gentiana lutea subsp. symphyandra, Juniperus communis, Rhamnus fallax, Laurus
nobilis etc.), the idea of sustainable exploitation of biodiversity for pharmaceutical
and other related industries, safety considerations and the quality most sought after
drug in Montenegro (Salviae folium, Gentianae radix, Juniperi fructus, Lauri folium,
Rhamni fallacis cortex, etc.), determination of endangered species of medicinal and
aromatic plants and the selection of best technologies for their processing, reviewing
potential Plantation of endangered species as the mountain and in the flat part of
17
Montenegro, the establishment of an institution that does research and protection of
medicinal and aromatic plants and connecting existing institutions in lesser extent
involved in this and similar studies.
References:
1. Environmental Law, “Official Gazette of RM “no. 12/96. 2. Nature Protection Act, “Official Gazette of
Socialist Republic of Montenegro, no. 36/77, 39/77, 2 / 89th . 3. The decision on the protection of certain
plant and animal species, ‘Official Gazette of RM “no. 76/06. 4. Forests Act, “Official Gazette of RM “no.
55/00. 5. Ordinance on the conditions of collection and use of unprotected species, “Official Gazette of
RM “no. 27/02 and 64/03.
P.A.3.
SOME MEDICAL MACRO FUNGI IN MONTENEGRO
Gordana Kasom
Institute for Nature Protection of Montenegro, P.O. Box 2, Podgorica, Montenegro
The current paper contains data about some medical macro fungi in
Montenegro such as: Armillaria mellea, Auricularia auricula-judae, Cantharellus
cibarius, Ganoderma lipsiense, Ganoderma lucidum, Grifola frondosa, Inonotus
obliquus, Oudemansiella mucida, Polyporus umbellatus and Trametes versicolor. For
each species the following data are given: scientific name, synonyms,
distribution in Montenegro and their medical property.
Keywords: Medical macro fungi, Montenegro, distribution.
P.A.4.
New species of the algae for the flora BiH from
the genus Cymbella (Bacillariophyceae)
Senka Barudanović¹ Ermin Mašić¹
¹Faculty of Science, University in Sarajevo
Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Corresponding author: [email protected], [email protected]
The paper presents the first result of the research new species of the algae from the
genus Cymbella (Bacillariophyceae) for the flora algae of the Bosnia and Herzegovina.
New species are indentified in sediments of the three mine pit lake in central region
of the BiH. The results are based on investigation silicate shell with a light microscope
18
and from permanent slide. The new species is Cymbella neocistula Krammer 2002
with two identified varieties: Cymbella neocistula var. neocistula nov.species and
Cymbella neocistula var.lunata nov.var. This is the first ecological and taxonomic
research of this species in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Keywords: Cymbella, Bacillariophyceae, mine pit lake, algae, BiH.
References:
1. Krammer, K. (2002): Cymbella. Diatoms of the European Inland Waters and Comparable Habitats.
Edited by Horst 2. Lange-Bertalot. Volume 3. A.R.G.Gantner Verlag K.G.2002. 3. Lange-Bertalot, H.
(1990): Current bisystematic research on diatoms and its implications for species concept. Limnetica 6:
13 – 22. 4. Lange-Bertalot, H., Metzeltin, D. (1996): Indicators of Oligotrophy. 800 taxa representative
of three ecologically distinct lake types (Carbonate buffered-Oligodistrophic-Weakly bufered soft water.
Iconographia Diatomologica. Anotated Diatom Micrographs. Koeltz Scientific Books. Volume 2: 1-193.
P.A.5.
THE MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS OF SAHARAKARAGÖL NATIONAL PARK
Hüseyin BAYKAL, Gülsüm YALDIZ
Rize University, Pazar Vocational School, Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants,
53300, Rize, Turkey
The study area is at the Şavşat county of Artvin city located at the Blacksea region
of Turkey. Area is situated at the Euro-Siberian phytogeographic region and
influence under the continental climate but because of its special topography locally
mediterrenean climate has also effects at some parts of the area. In the study area,
there are floristical studies but there is not any study about medicinal and aromatic
plants. The aim of this study is to determine the numbers of the medicinal and
aromatic taxa, for each species, the used part, usage form of the used part and their
locality. The medicinal and aromatic plants that are grown in the study area were
determined according to the current literatures and field surveys during the vegatation
periods. In the conclusion we determined 162 medicinal and aromatic taxa; Abies
nordmanniana (Stev.) Spach, Alchemilla vulgaris L., Astragalus microcephalus Willd.,
Calamintha grandiflora (L.)Moench, Crataegus orientalis Waldst., Digitalis ferruginea
L., Equsetum hyemale L., Galium verum L., Heracleum sphondylium L., Origanum
vulgare L., Salvia sclarea L., Verbana officinalis L., Viscum album L., Xanthium
spinosum L.etc.
Keywords: Turkey, Sahara-Karagöl, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Flora
19
P.A.6.
MORPHOLOGICAL DIFERENTIATION OF POPULATIONS
OF SPECIES Trifolium repens L. ON THE VERTICAL PROFILE
OF SHARR MOUNTAIN - BREZOVICA
1
Kimete Lluga-Rizani 1, Sulejman Redzic 2, Enver Sherifi 1, Dubravka
Soljan 2,
Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Prishtina , Kosovo; 2 Faculty
of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herzegovina
Corresponding author: [email protected];[email protected]
Morphological variability and inter-population differentiation was analyzed in
12 populations of Trifolium repens L. species on the vertical profile of the Sharr
Mountain- Brezovica. The research was carried out on some morphological features
of individuals from 12 populations, dispersed in altitudes from 891m up to 1885 m
above the sea level. The research was conducted in the plant samples of this species,
priory placed in herbarium. The research showed that Trifolium repens L, reaches
high altitudes. In addition, as a result of this study we reached the conclusion that
with increasing of the altitude, as a response to the change of ecological factors,
reductions in size of some of the investigated morphological features (plant length,
leaf length, width of the leaf, leaf petiole etc.) were incurred. So, there is a negative
correlation between increasing of the altitude and the size of some morphological
features.
Keywords: Trifolium repens L. vertical profile, Brezovica, morphological variability.
Acknowledgement:
Since the results presented are part of the PhD dissertation, and the idea of the PhD dissertation
was proposed by Prof. Sulejman Redzic, from the University of Sarajevo, Department of
Biology, I would like to thank him for choosing this very interesting idea for studying the
above mentioned species and features, and for his tireless support and his suggestions at all
times. I am also very grateful to Enver Sherifi from the University of Pristina, Department of
Biology and Dubravka Soljan, from the University of Sarajevo, Department of Biology, for
their valuable suggestions.
References:
1. Hoglind, M., 1997. Effects of Fertilizer Nitrogen on Growth, Morphology and Assimilate
Partitioning in White Clover When Grown With Grass, ISBN: 91-576-5225-1. 2. Lindroth, R.L. et al.,
1999. Population differences in Trifolium repens L. Response to ultraviolet-Bradiation: Foliar chemistry
and consequences for Two lepidopteran herbivores, Ag.research,Grasslands. Research Centre, Private
Bag 1108, Palmerston North, New Zealand. 122 (1): 20-28 (Abst). 3. Lluga-Rizani, K. et al , 2008, The
Anatomy of Vegetative Organs of the Species Trifolium repens L. Medwell Journals, 1 (3): 71-74. 4.
Mclellan, T. 2000. Geographic variation and plasticity of leaf shape and size in Begonia dregei and B.
homonyma (Begoniaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 132: 79–95. 5. Soljan, D., 1982.
The anatomy of vegetative organs of Edraianthus jugoslavicus Lakusic species, the special edition
20
from Glasnika Zemaljskog Muzeja GZM(PN) NS, 21: 73-85. UDK 581.4.582.99 (497.15) Sarajevo.
6. Yamada, T. et al., 1989. Recurrent selection programs for white clover (Trifolium repens L.) using
selfcompatible plants. I. Selection of self-compatible plants and inheritance of a self-compatibility
factor, pp: 161-172. DOI: 10.1007/BF00022613.
P.a.7.
The useful pecularities of Rumex species of the
flora of Azerbaijan
Parvana Garakhani
Institute of Botany of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Azerbaijan
Species of Rumexe are widely distributed everywhere in Azerbaijan. The species of
this genus are very important in national economy as forage, feed and medicine
plants. We wouldn’t have a mistake if we consider these plants as a useful ones.
Feed species are rich with vitamins, qlucosis, acids which are necessary for human
body, medicine species are rich with bacteriocide substances and vitamine K.
Polygonum aviculare L, Bistorta carnea, Persicaria hydropiper, Rumex confertus,
Aconogonon alpinum, Persicaria amfibum and other medicine plants are large spread.
Each of them has importance. Plants must be collected in a flowering phase to
keep the treating effect. For this purpose plants must be cut when they are in 1020sm hight, to dried in open athmosphere or in a drying camber with 56-600 C by
often flapig. Various medicines, extracts and candles are prepared of these plants in
medicine. Hydropiperin is largely used in ginecology. Brewery is used against the
hemorrage of intestines and stomach.
The other useful species belong to the genus Rheum. In old East it was used as a raw
feed. Most vitamines of this plant as well as the apple acid is very useful for stomach
and intestine illnesses. In the second century Rheum was brought to the Europe from
China and was used in the leather production. M.H.Fatullayev used the chemical
substance made of the root of Rheum in Azerbaijan. If the Rheum is efficiently used,
sunlight resistant, chemically resistant paints, medicines and feed products can be
made of it. These plants were included to the Red Book of Azerbaijan.
Keywords: Polygonum aviculare, Bistorta carnea, Persicaria hydropiper, Rumex
confertus, Aconogonon alpinum
21
P.a.8.
THE MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS OF SALPAZARI
Hüseyin BAYKAL, Gülsüm YALDIZ
Rize University, Pazar Vocational School, Department of Medicinal and Aromatic
Plants, 53300, Rize, Turkey
The study area Şalpazarı county is located at Trabzon, the city at the Blacksea region of
Turkey. It is situated at the Euro-Siberian phytogeographic region and influence under
the continental climate. There are floristical studies in the study area, but there is not
any study about medicinal and aromatic plants. The aim of this study is to determine the
numbers of the medicinal and aromatic taxa, for each species, the used part, usage form
of the used part and their locality. The medicinal and aromatic plants that are grown
in the study area were determined according to the current literatures. We determined
125 medicinal and aromatic taxa; Ailanthus altissima (Mill.)Swingle, Bidens tripartita
L., Calamintha nepeta (L.)Savi, Echium vulgare L., Eunoymus europaeus L., Foenicum
vulgare (Miller)Gaertner, Hedera helix L., Hypericum perforatum L., Laurocerasus
officinalis Roemer, Mentha aquatica L., Myosotis arvensis (L.)Hill, Origanum vulgare L.,
Papaver rhoeas L., Prunella vulgaris L., Rhododendron caucasicum Pallas etc.
Keywords: Turkey, Şalpazarı, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Flora
P.a.9.
CHASTE TREE (Vitex agnus-castus L.): AN IMPORTANT
MEDICINAL, AROMATIC AND HONEY PLANT
Fehmi Gurel, Bahar Argun Karsli
Akdeniz University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal of Sciences, Antalya, Turkey
1
The chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus L.) is an aromatic, ornamental, and deciduous
shrub of the Verbenaceae family. This plant is native to the Europe (especially
Mediterranean region) and Asia but is regularly cultivated in warm, temperate and
sub-tropical climates. Because of its high drought tolerance and long flowering
period, chaste tree known as an important food resource for bees. Beekeepers can
usually obtain significant yields of honey from areas in which V. agnus-castus grows.
Similarly, bumble bee species frequently visit flowers to collect nectar. This plant is
famous for blooming over a long period of time. The main flowering season occurs
at the beginning of June, in synchronization with a dry period in Mediterranean
region. The chaste tree generally grows to a height of 1 to 3 m and produces a spray of
22
beautiful flowers ranging from lilac to blue and white. Since ancient times, this plant
has been widely used in folk medicine to treat several female hormonal disorders
such as menstrual irregularities, hormonal imbalance, and premenstrual syndrome.
It is also used as a dye plant and as a material in basket weaving in some region.
Keywords: Chaste tree, Vitex agnus-castus, medicinal and honey plant, Mediterranean
region
P.a.10.
ECOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL DIFFERENTIATION
OF SPECIES Gentiana dinarica G. Beck ON VERTICAL
PROFILE OF MOUNTAIN VLAŠIĆ
Senida Muslimović
Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Hercegovina
Species of Gentiana dinarica G. Beck (Syn.: G. acaulis L. var. dinarica Beck) has so far
recorded on the Balkan peninsula and a relict habitat in the Apennines. This species
is a member of high mountain vegetation and can be found on calcareous geological
foundation, and is a part of Seslerietalia juncifoliae (=tenuifoliae) Hotvat 1930 and
Crepidetalia dinaricae (=urumovii) Lakusic 1966 orders.
The phytochemical analysis of the roots and aboveground plant parts demonstrated the
presence of compounds that indicate the possibility of using this type of phytotherapy.
The study analyzed 19 morphometric characters. Based on the morphological analysis,
it could be stated that this species is very variable. Highest variability rate has been
recorded for maximal length of plant from first leaves to calyx and for maximal length
of plant (vegetative parts of plant). Minimum variability rate has been determined
for generative parts of plant (e.g. maximal length of flowers, maximal length of calyx,
maximal length of corolla, etc.). Highest average values for all analysed characters were
recorded in Ranunculo scutati-Gentianetum dinaricae community.
Reliquary and endemism require more detailed research. In addition, it is necessary
to examine the possibility of breeding plantation, taking into account the possibility
of its use in phytotherapy.
Keywords: Gentiana, morphological analysis, phytochemical analysis, phytotherapy.
Acknowledgments: This paper is part of the diploma work under the same title that was done
under the supervision of Professor Sulejman Redžić, at the Faculty of Science University of
Sarajevo.
23
SESSION B
PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY
(Chemistry, Identification,
Isolation of Active Compounds)
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
PLENARY LECTURES
PL. B.1.
TURKEY AS A SOURCE FOR MEDICINAL
AND AROMATIC PLANTS
K. Husnu Can Baser
(Formerly) Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470
Eskisehir, Turkey
Visiting Professor at Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud
University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Corresponding author: www.khcbaser.com, [email protected]
The rich and diverse flora of Turkey is well documented in 11 volumes. Thanks to
its geography with land in two continents at the junction of three phytogeographic
regions, under the influence of three different climates and its natural diversity
blended with cultural richness throughout centuries Turkey enjoys a wide inventory
of plants useful in medicine, agriculture, food and other sectors.
This lecture will focus on Turkey as a source of medicinal and aromatic plants with
emphasis on trade volumes. These plants include opium poppy, oregano, thyme, sage,
sideritis, mint, rose, laurel, anis, licorice,gypsophila, salep, etc. which have been used
and traded since ancient times. Information on their uses and export figures will be
given.
Keywords: biodiversity of vascular plants, flora o medicinal plants, phytotherapy
27
SESSION LECTURES
SL.B.1.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
OF ESSENTIAL OIL EXTRACTED FROM
NIGELLA SATIVA (L.) SEEDS
Rachid Kacem¹, Tobias Welte ², Frank Buhling ³
1 Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Ferhat Abbas University, Department of Biology, Sétif
19000, Algeria 2 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hannover Medical School,
Hannover, Germany. 3Institute of Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke-UniversityMagdeburg, Magdeburg, Leipziger-Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
The Nigella sativa (L.) seeds and its purified constituents have been shown beneficial
therapeutic potentials for many diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD). The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect
of essential oil and its main components on human neutrophil functions (HN),
HNs chemotaxis, the activity and secretion of human neutrophil elastase (HNE).
Hydrodistillation was used to extract the essential oil from the seeds of Nigella sativa
(L.). The yield of essential oil obtained was 0.4 %. Results of GC-MS analysis revealed
that main components comprise 65% of essential oil and identified are monoterpens;
p-cymene, thymoquinone, carvone, thymol and carvacrole. The control movement
and chemotactic responses of HNs and HNE secretion were reduced at a dose
dependent manner. The results of these studies revealed clearly that components
of essential oil are potent inhibitors for HNs movement, chemotactic responses, the
activity and secretion of HNE. The observed inhibition of HNs functions may occur
via intracellular pathways.
Keywords: Inflammation, essential oil, Nigella sativa, neutrophil, elastase
Acknowledgements: We acknowledge Pr. Welte Tobias and Dr. Buhling Frank Institute of
Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke-University-Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany for
laboratory technical assistance, DAAD Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst
Germany for the grantship.
References:
1.Schefer JC. Phytother. Res. 1996; 10:S6-S7. 2.Luigi M, Peter QT, Rosaria C, Alessandro C, Paola
D, Antonella C and Giovanni D. J. Sep. Sci. 2003; 26:1467-1473. 3.Wilkinson P C. Chemotaxis and
inflammation. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1974. 4.Kacem R, Meraihi Z. Eur. Respir. J. 2005;
26(Sup.49): 580.
28
SL.B.2.
VARIATION OF α-PINENE AMOUNT IN ESSENTIAL OILS OF
JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS L. GROWING WILD IN LITHUANIA
Kristina Ložienė, Juozas Labokas
Nature Research Centre, Institute of Botany, Vilnius, Lithuania
Juniperus communis L., the common juniper, is a woody plant accumulating essential
oils which are recognized by the official pharmacopoeias of many countries as well
as European Pharmacopoeia. The medicinal properties of J. communis depend
mostly on monoterpene α-pinene, which is the major bioactive compound of the
essential oils normally. Both the quantitative and qualitative composition of essential
oils may depend on the ecological factors. The common juniper is the species of a
global distribution exhibiting wide amplitude of ecological adaptation: it occurs in
dry pinewoods, mixed forests, on river slopes, being light demanding as well as shade
tolerant. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to examine if such different
ecological conditions influence on the variation of α-pinene amount in essential oils
of unripe cones and leaves of J. communis. The leaves and unripe cones of J. communis
were sampled from nine habitats, differing by light and some soil characteristics,
across Lithuania in August 2010. The 10 cone-bearind individuals per habitat were
selected for the sampling of leaves and cones, and total 90 leaf-cone samples (=90
trees) were analysed. It was established that α-pinene was the main compound in the
absolute majority of studied J. communis individuals. The amount of this compound
in the essential oils varied from 10.38–75.84% and from 11.47–76.83% in cones and
leaves, respectively. A significant positive correlation (r=0.52, p<0.05) was observed
between the percentage of α-pinene in essential oils of cones and leaves. Although
the average percentages of α-pinene differed in different habitats (up to 24% and
up to 18% in leaves and cones, respectively), no significant correlation was detected
between the amount of α-pinene and the ecological factors studied. Therefore, this
fact implies that the variation of α-pinene amount in essential oils of leaves and cones
of J. communis depends more on the genetic factors.
Keywords: Juniperus communis, unripe cones, leaves, essential oils, α-pinene
Acknowledgements: This research was funded by a grant (No. MIP-56/2010) from the
Research Council of Lithuania.
29
SL.B.3.
BIOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF ESSIENTIAL OIL AND
EXTRACT OF HELICHRYSUM ITALICUM (Roth) G. Don fil.
1830 (ASTERACEAE)
Biljana Božin1, Nebojša Kladar1, Neda Lakić1, Jelica Srdanov1, Milica
Rat2, Goran Anačkov2
1
University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Scineces, Department of Biology and Ecology, Novi Sad, Serbia
2
Helichrysum italicum (Immortelle) is a Mediterreanean plant, sometimes also called
the curry plant because of the strong smell of its leaves. The essential oil is used for
medicinal purposes as an anti-inflammatory, fungicidal, hepatoprotective, choleretic,
stomachic and astringent. It soothes burns and raw chapped skin. Also, it is used as a
fixative in perfumes and has an intense fragrance. Conventional medicine acepted it
for the treatment of dyspeptic dissorders [1]. It is also one of compounds of medicinal
plant mixtures e.g. Aristochol ® drops [2]. However, there is a very few data on the
chemical composition and biological activities of extracts obtained from it.
The aerial parts of H. italicum are collected during may of 2011. near Čanj,
Montenegro. Voucher specimen is deposited at the BUNS Herbarium. The essential
oil was obtained by hydrodistillation [3] analyzed by means of gas chromatography–
mass spectrometry. Air dried herb was macerated in 45% ethanol for 24 h at room
temperature (1:1 w/v). After maceration, the extract was filtered and evaporated to
dryness under vacuum. The quantities of dry extract were determined gravimetrically.
For the evaluation of the total phenolics and flavonoid content [4] dry extract was
dissolved in water to make 0.1% and 1% (w/v) stock solutions. Free radical scavenging
capacity (RSC) was examined by measuring the scavenging activity of extracts on
2,2-diphenyl-1-pycrylhydrazil (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical (OH) [5].
The main compounds of essential oil were neryl acetate (28.2%) and g-curcumene
(17.8%). In the extract, notable amount of total phenolics (3.2 mg/mL) and flavonoids
(1.2 mg/mL) was confirmed. Although the extract exhibited notable RSC values
(IC50=0.97 µg/mL for neutralisation of DPPH and 33.57 µg/mL for OH radical).
However, the extract, although reach in phenolic compounds, exhibited very low
scavenging activity against DPPH radical (IC50=15.7 mg/mL), comparing to the extract.
Keywords: Helichrysum italicum, essential oil, phenolics, antioxidants
Acknowledgements: The Provincial Secretariat for Science and Technological Development of
Vojvodina (grant number 114-451-2056/2011-01).
References:
1.Blumenthal. M. (ed.) (1999): The Complete German Commision E monographs, Therapeutic Guide to
Herbal Medicines: American Botanical Council, Austin. 2. Bisset, N.G.,Wichtl, M. (2001): Herbal drugs
30
an phytopharmaceuticals, Medpharm scientific publishers, Stuttgart. 3.European Pharmacopeia, 4th ed.,
Vol. 2.8.12 (2002) Council of Europe: Strasbourg Cedex. 4.Bozin, B. et al. (2008): Food Chem., 111: 925929. 5.Bozin, B. et al. (2007): J. Agric. Food Chem., 55(19): 7879 -7885.
SL.B.4.
INDIRUBIN CONTENT OF NATIVE ISATIS SPP.
DISTRIBUTED IN EAST MEDITERRANEAN REGION OF
TURKEY
Sengul Karaman, Emel Dıraz, Nazan Comlekcioglu Ahmet Ilcim,
Hasan Durdu
Kahramanmaraş Sutçu Imam University, Science and Letter Faculty, Biology Department,
Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
Indirubin is one of the major active constituent of Isatis species (I.tinctoria and
I.indigotica) and known many medicinal potencies espicially exhibit anti-cancer
effects in treatment of chronic granulocytic leukemia.(1) Indirubin derivates have
also been shown to be a good selective inhibitor of cylin-dependent kinases (2).
In order to identify for indirubin content, eight native Isatis species ( I.buschiana,
I.cappadokia, I. glauca, I.tinctoria subsp tomentolla (Mersin location), I.tinctoria subsp
tomentolla (Saridağ location), I.floribunda, I.candolleana, I.sivasıca, I.tahtajanii,) and
two culture form of I.tinctoria and İ.indigotica were cultivated under field condition
in Kahramanmaraş, East Mediterranean region of Turkey in 2011. The leaves of ten
Isatis taxons were extracted ultrasonification method with THF as solvent. İndirubin
contents of the extracts were analysed HPLC-UV. Compared to Isatıs sp. the high
yield of indirubin was obtained from I.tinctoria subsp.tomentolla (Göksun location)
with 15.02µgr/ gr and I. tinctoria subsp tomentolla (Mersin location) 14.51 µgr/gr.
Keywords : Isatis L.,indirubin, indigo, HPLC
Acknowledgements: 1,TUBITAK , The Scientific and Technological Research Council of
Turkey 2, Kahramanmaraş Sutçu Imam University
References:
1.Meijer et all, (2007), İnternationalCongress Series 1304, 60-74. 2. Chen et all,(2011). Separation
Science and Technology, 46: 972-977.
31
SL.B.5.
QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE VALUES
OF CONIFERS OIL IN RELATION TO PERIOD OF
DISTILLATION
Nezir Tanović, Mustafa Đelilović
Agro-Mediterranean Faculty, University of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina has a large amount of forest wood that, as a raw material, could
be used for organic production of essential oil. In comparison with other medicinal
plant species, essential oil from this forest wood is more profitable and simpler. A
particular advantage is the availability of the raw material throughout the year and the
simplicity in the production of essential oil. There are few other resources with this
capacity, especially those certified in the field of organic principles.The production
of essential oil is labor-intensive, export-oriented and highly profitable. The interest
in having a greater number of essential oil producers is constantly growing. For the
production of essential oil, steam distillation is mainly used. Hydro distillation in
broader production has not given good results because, with this procedure, it is not
possible to utilize the pressure of steam that is necessary for efficient production of
essential oil. Through the analysis of samples, it has been proven that forest wood
in the region of May has a significantly higher content of essential oil in comparison
with the kinds found in the region of January.Distilling of forest wood is performed
on a distilling machine on the principle of water and steam.
Keywords: forest wood, distilling, essential oil, spruce, pine
SL.B.6.
RUTIN CONTENT INTERNATIONAL IN DIFFERENT
BUCKWHEAT ORGANS IN CORRELATION ITS LIFE
SPACES
Nezir Tanović, Mustafa Đelilović
Agro-Mediterranean Faculty, University of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Interaction relations of rutin content in different organs of buckwheat, in different
phases of growth and life spaces encompas positive and negative aspects of
interaction. Field research was conducted in Sarajevo during 2008 and 2009, and the
lab research was performed in the laboratory of Federal Institution of Agriculture
32
in Sarajevo. In order to specify the optimal life spaces and suitable pheno phase of
the buckwheat development, necessary for the testing of content and the yield of
rutin per surface area, the two-year field experiment was set in Sarajevo (Nikšićka
Visoravan). Various agricultural elements were analysed, in the first place: types of
land where the experiment was to be set out, the average value of temperature per
each month and for the whole year, maximum and minimum temperature, monthly
and annual precipitation and air humidity, the wind, the number of snowy days,
snow-drift height. Precentage and the amount of buckwheat rutin were observed in
its different phenophases of development (the initial and the full flower phase, milky
maturation of grane) and in different seed row spacing (row spacing of 12, 24 and 48
cm distance from one seed tube outlet to the center of the next outlet) in two years
of research.
The main rutin content expressed in precenteges occured in the seed row spacing
of 48 cm distance in the full flower, and the smallest one was registered in the row
spacing of 12 cm in the initial flower phase. The largest amount of rutin per area
unit (1 ha) occured in row spacing of 24 cm, and the smallest one in 48 cm of row
spacing distance. Achieved results also point out the fact that different agroecological
conditions during the years of research considerably affected the precentage and crop
yield of buckwheat rutin.
Keywords: buckwheat, rutinoside, sowing line spacing, rutinoside crop yield,
development phases, life conditions.
SL.B.7.
EFFECT OF PLANT AGE AT HARVEST, MATURITY STAGE
AND GROWING SITE ON MAJOUR CONSTITUENTS OF
SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANTS
Magda Osman
MedicinaI and Aromatic Piants Research Institute (MAPRI), National Center for Research,
Khartoum, Sudan
The plant age at harvest and microclimate of the grovving site were reported to affect
growth, yteid and chemical constituents of various plant species. Such information is
needed for medicinal piants, especially when kept asgermplasm collection.
In this paper we are presenting part of results of the research conducted under the
program of improvementof quality and productivity of medicinal and aromatic
piants. The effects of plant age, stage of maturity at harvest, and grovving site on
constituents of volatile of A. calamus, M. piperita, and M. spicata vvere investigated.
33
The plant age significantly affected grovvth parameters in A. calamus vvhile the main
constituents of its volatile oil remained the same irrespective of the plant age (1). On
the other hand, stage of maturity at harvest affected the percentages of monoterpene
constituents of the oil of peppermint (2) and Fennel (3) as well as proximate
composition of fennet and aniseed (4). In spearmint, hovvever, variation in climate
and soil type affected the volatile oil yield and percent of its carvone (5).These types
of information are needed for cultivation and /or vvild collection of medicinal piants
and for sustainable managementof theirgenetic resources. Moreover, any program
for commercialization or utilization of plant-based natural products may base on
such information.
Keywords: monoterpene, proximate composition, volatileoil
References.
1.Magda A.O., et al. (2008). U.of K. J. Agric. 16(1),48-60. 2. Magda A.O. and Avvatif
A. M. (2005). Annual report, MAPRI. 3. Abdaila E.L.. (2006). PhD. Thesis.U.ot K.
4. Magda A.O. (2001). Annual Report MAPRI. 5. Awatif A. M. and Magda A.O.
(2003)..Annual Report, MAPRI
SL.B.8.
METHODS OF ISOLATION ACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM
MEDICINAL PLANTS
Midhat Jašić1, Ramzija Cvrk1, Aleksandra Tepić2, Kiril Lisičkov3
Faculty of Technology, University of Tuzla, Department of Food Technology, Tuzla, BiH
2
Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
3
Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University St. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Macedonia
1
Medicinal and aromatic plants is a very wide area and in the process of processing
requires specific knowledge and expertise of each group of plants and products.
According to the definition of the World Health Organization (WHO) in medicinal
plants include plant species of which one part or more parts containing biologically
active substance that can be used for therapeutic purposes or for chemical and
pharmaceutical synthesis, then the group of medicinal and aromatic plants, which
include plant species containing biologically active substances with practical
applications in pharmaceutical, food and cosmetics industry, and industry additives,
aromatic preparations, etc.
Despite the prominence of the proportion of synthetic chemistry in the pharmaceutical,
medicinal herbs are increasingly gaining in importance. In designing modern
pharmaceutical products is of great importance is proper selection of a suitable
production process for isolation of active ingredients, with the necessary knowledge
34
and classification of herbs as well as techniques for collecting, storage, drying and
storing herbs.
This paper describes the technological procedures of isolation of active compounds
from herbs such as hydro-distillation, water-steam distillation, steam distillation
under pressure, extraction with organic solvents, and supercritical fluid extraction
(supercritical CO2), which achieves higher solubility and faster mass transfer.
Keywords: medicinal plants, technological processes of isolation of active compounds
SL.B.9.
MEASURMENT OF SALICYLIC ACID IN POPLAR’S
BARK (P. DELTOIDES AND P. EURAMERICAN) BY HIGH
PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY (HPLC)
Javad Torkaman1, Shoreh Seyam2
University of Guilan,P.O.Box 1144,Somehsara,Guilan, Iran
2
Faculty of Science,University of Guilan, Iran
1
The family salicaceae included salix and populus species.This family especially salix
alba is very important in ancient medicinal.recognition and investigation on other
species in this family can help to development of herbal medical in country.
This study was done to measuring of salicylic acid in Populus deltoides and Populus
euramerican.
After collection and drying of barks,extraction was done according to TAPPI
standard (T204 om-88) by using acetone,ethanol and water solutions.Measuring of
Salicylic acid
Was done by HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography).
The extractive materials yield of populus deltoides and and populus euramerican ‫ۥ‬s
bark were obtained 12.2 and 17.7% respectively base on dry weight of bark. HPLC
analysis show that there are 32 compound in water extractive materials which
amount of two compound are more than others.According to retention time one of
two compounds is Salicylic acid.The percent of Salicylic acid in populus deltoides
and euramerican barks are 0.016 and 0.021 respectively.
Generally,This research show that populus species have Salicylic acid which is lower
than Salix alba.The amount of Salicylic acid in populus euramerican is more than
populus deltoids.Hydrophobic compounds in populus euramerican are twice than
populus deltoides.There is no significant difference between hydrophilic compounds
of two species.
Keywords: Populus deltoids, Populus euramerican, Salicylic acid, High Performance
Liquid Chromatography
35
SL.B.10.
MEASURMENT OF GALIC ACID IN POPLAR’S
BARK(P.DELTOIDES AND P.EURAMERICAN) BY HIGH
PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY (HPLC)
Javad Torkaman¹, Shoreh Seyam²
University of Guilan,P.O.Box 1144,Somehsara,Guilan, Iran
2
Faculty of Science,University of Guilan, Iran
1
Vegetable Hydrolysable tannins are derivatives of gallic acid.Gallic acid is simple
phenolic compound which has three hydroxyl group and one carboxyl group on a
benzene ring.usually phenolic compounds are glucoside and soluble in water.
Objective: The aims of This research are to evaluate Gallic acid in water soluble
extractive materials of Populus deltoides and Populus euramerican and also
calculated the extractive materials yield in two species.
Methods: After collection and drying of barks, extraction was done according
to TAPPI standard (T204 om-88) by using acetone,ethanol and water solutions.
Measuring of Gallic acid
Was done by HPLC(High Performance Liquid Chromatography).
Results: The extractive materials yield of populus deltoides and and populus
euramerican ‫ۥ‬s bark were obtained 12.2 and 17.7% (base on dry weight of bark)
respectively. Acetone soluble materials in populus euramerican is twice populus
deltoids. HPLC analysis show that there are 15 and 12 compounds in water extractive
materials of Populus deltoides and Populus euramerican barks respectively which
amount of four compound are major.According to retention time one of that is Gallic
acid.The amount of Gallic acid in populus deltoides and euramerican barks are 336
and 760 mlgr(based on one killograme) respectively.
Conclusion: Generally, water soluble extractive materials yield in populus deltoids
and populus euramerican obtained 7 and 8 percent respectively which the Gallic acid
content in water soluble extractive of populus deltoids and populus euramerican are
0.5 and 1 percent respectively.
Keywords: Populus deltoids, Populus euramerican, Gallic acid, High Performance
Liquid Chromatography
36
SL.B.11.
ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION OF EUCALYPTUS
LEUCOXYLON L. IN IRAN
1
Sadrollah Ramezani1
Tarbiat Modares University, College of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture Science,
Tehran, I. R. Iran
The objective of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of the eucalypt
(Eucalyptus leucoxylon L.) oil that was investigated using thin Gas chromatography
and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methods. About 22 compounds,
representing 99.982% of the oil, were identified by GC and GC/MS analyses. The
GC and GC-MS screening revealed the presence of 1,8-cineol (43.48 %), p-cymene
(40.997 %), α-Pinene (9.4 %), α- phellandrene (1.399 %), δ-terpinen (1.53 %),
4-terpineol (0.547 %) and α- terpineol (0.403 %) in essential oil of the eucalypt aerial
parts. The total flavonoid and phenolic compounds were high in eucalypt (Eucalyptus
leucoxylon L.) oil.
Keywords: Eucalyptus leucoxylon L., composition, essential oil
SL.B.12.
COMPARATIVE CHEMICAL ANALYSES OF VERNONIA
AMYGDALINA AND AZADIRACHTA INDICA LEAVES
AND THE EFFECT OF THEIR ETHANOL EXTRACTS ON
CATALASES AND REDUCED GLUTATHIONE
C.E. Offor1, A.N. C. Okaka2
Department of Biochemistry, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria. 2Department of
Applied Biochemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
1
The comparative chemical analyses of Vernonia amygdalina and Azadirachta indica
leaves and the effects of their ethanol extracts on catalases and reduced glutathione were
conducted. Phytochemical analyses were determined by the methods of Association
of Analytical Chemists. The trace elements and macronutrients concentrations of
both samples were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The animals were
grouped according to the doses of extracts administered (0mg/kg, 200mg/kg, 400mg/
kg and 600mg/kg body weights). The activities of serum catalase and concentrations
of reduced glutathione (GSH) were also studied spectrophotometrically. Vernonia
37
amygdalina recorded significantly (p<0.05) higher levels of flavonoids, saponins and
caroteinoids while Azadirachta indica recorded higher levels of alkaloids, glycosides,
phenols and steroids. Vernonia amygdalina recorded higher concentrations of
zinc, iron, and manganese while there were higher levels of nickel, molybdenum,
cobalt, silicon and lead in Azadirachta indica. There were higher levels (mg/100g)
of potassium, sodium and phosphorus in Azadirachta indica. The serum catalase
activities (u/mg of protein) after administration of both extracts were reduced
significantly at 600mg/kg. At 200mg/kg, the extract from Azadirachta indica did not
show any significant increase while the extract from Vernonia amygdalina showed
significantly (p<0.05) greater elevations of GSH concentrations at all the stipulated
doses. There were significant dose- dependent reductions in the body weights of all
the animals administered the extracts. The results showed that the extract of Vernonia
amygdalina was more effective as an anti-oxidant agent.
Keywords: chemical analysis, Vernonia amygdalina, Azadirachta indica, catalases,
reduced glutathione, albino rats
P.B.1.
FLAVONOIDS OF SOME ALCHEMILLA SPECIES GROWING
IN TURKEY
1
Bülent Kaya1, Yusuf Menemen2, F. Zerrin Saltan3
Bingöl University, Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Biology, 12000, Bingö ;2 Kırıkkale
University, Faculty of Science and Art , Department of Biology, 71450, Kırıkkale; 3 Anadolu
University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey
The genus Alchemilla is represented in Turkey by 76 species (1). Alchemilla L. (Lady’s
mantle, Rosaceae family) which is also known as “Arslan pençesi” has widespread
use for menstruation problems and asthma in folk medicine in Black Sea Region,
Turkey (2). Alchemilla is externally use as analgesic in rheumatism. These plants
include flavonoids and ellagitannins (3). Dried and powdered leaves of four endemic
Alchemilla species were extracted with %50 aqueous ethanol and macerated with
the same solvent overnight. After filtration, they were evaporated and treated with
petroleum ether. The remaining hydro alcoholic phase were extracted with ethyl
acetate. After evaporation, extracts were analyzed with HPLC Dionex system. C18
silica column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 µm) and acetic acid: methanol: water (5:36:59) were
38
used for analysis. Six flavonoids (orientin, vitexin, rutin, hyperoside, isoquercetin,
quercitrin) were determined by HPLC method. This is the first study for the
identification of flavonoids in Alchemilla in Turkey.
Keywords: Alchemilla L., Flavonoids, Chromatography, Secondary metabolite
References:
1.Davis, P.H., Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Edinburgh Univ. Press, Vol.10, 1988. 2.
Baytop, T., Türkiye’de Bitkilerle Tedavi, Geçmişte ve Bugün, Nobel Tıp Kitabevi, İstanbul, 1999. 3.
Evans, W.C., Trease and Evans’Pharmacognosy, 15th Edition, Saunders, Edinburgh, 2002.
P.B.2.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND TOTAL PHENOLIC
CONTENT OF RED CLOVER EXTRACTS
Mira Bursać1, Milica Atanacković1, Jelena Cvejić1, Sanja Vasiljević2,
Nataša Milić1
Faculty of medicine, Department of pharmacy, Novi Sad, Serbia; 2Institute of Field and
Vegetable Crops, Forage Crops Department, Novi Sad, Serbia
1
Red clover is rich in phytoestrogens as well as other phenolic substances which
contribute to its antioxidative properties. In recent years, this plant became important
source of phytochemicals for production of dietary supplements treating menopausal
symptoms [1]. Still, its antioxidative properties have not been well investigated.
Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine total phenolic content and radical
scavenging capacity of red clover extracts obtained from different plant parts.
Leaves, stems and flowers from seven different red clover cultivars were grounded and
mixed with water on 37°C. After that, 3M HCl and ethanol were added and mixture
was heated to boiling. Obtained extract were purified by solid phase extraction
on HLB cartridges [2]. Total phenolic content was determined according to the
Folin-Ciocalteu method. Radical-scavenging capacity was measured by evaluating
the quenching of the stable DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical) and
calculation of the amount necessary to decrease initial DPPH concentration by 50%.
Total phenolic content varied from 7.31 to 30.6 mg/g expressed as gallic acid
equivalents (GAE). Leaves had the highest average total phenolic content (25.56 mg/g
GAE), while the lowest content was found in stems (7.86 mg/g GAE). Additionally,
the highest average antioxidant potential was observed in leaves (0.037 mg/ml). On
the other hand, flowers had lower total phenolic content, but similar antioxidant
potential as leaves which could be due to qualitative differences in content of phenols.
Generally, stems were poor in phenols as well as in antioxidant activity compared
with other plant parts.
39
Keywords: red clover, antioxidant activity, phenolic content
References:
1. Kroyer, GT. (2004) Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol 5:101-105. 2. Klejdus, B. et al. (1999) J Chromatogr
A 839:261-263
P.B.3.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS OF THREE
ASTER L. SPECIES
Peđa Janaćković1, Nemanja Rajčević1, Tanja Dodoš1, Petar D. Marin1
Univerzitet u Beogradu-Biološki Fakultet, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Beograd, Srbija/Serbia
1
The genus Aster L. (Asteraceae) is comprised of ca. 180 Eurasian species, 17 in SE
Africa and 1 in N America (Mabberley, 2006). In flora of Europe ca. 30 species are
recognised.
Many compositae species are used in traditional medicine. Aster species have also
been used as medicines (http://www.ars-grin.gov/duke; Huang, Y.-P. & Ling Y.-R,
1996) and in a few cases as food (Huang, Y.-P. & Ling Y.-R, 1996).
The present study was carried out to determine the possible in vitro antioxidant
activities of methanol, ethanol and ethyl-acetate extracts prepared from Aster
albanicus Deg., A. alpinus L. and A. amellus L. For this purpose, extracts were tested
for their free radical scavenging activity (FRSA) in the DPPH screening assay. Plant
material was collected in field (A. albanicus from Mt. Rogozna and A. alpinus from
Mt. Kopaonik) and from Botanical Garden “Jevremovac” (A. amellus). Voucher
specimens are deposited at the Herbarium of University of Belgrade-Faculty of Biology
(BEOU). The evaluation of free radical scavenging activity of plant extracts have been
extensively performed by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method with slight
modification (Cimpoiu 2006; Katalinic et al. 2006; Kartal et al. 2007; Akrout et.al.
2011). The results of the free radical scavenging activity of total methanol, ethanol
and ethyl-acetate extracts was quantitatively determined using a DPPH assay. Extract
concentration providing 50% inhibition (IC50) was calculated from the graph plotting
inhibition percentage against extract concentration. Butylated hydroxytoluene
(BHT) and ascorbic acid (AA) were used as positive controls. The highest activity
was detected in methanol and ethanol extracts of A. albanicus (0.255 and 0.539 mg/
ml, respectively) as well as methanol extract of A. alpinus (0.521 mg/ml). Ethyl
acetate extract of all the investigated species and all extracts of A. amellus showed
the lowest free radical scavenging activity. The existing data give new information for
antioxidant potential of these plants species, which have not been traditionally used
as medicinal plants.
Keywords: Asteraceae, Aster, antioxidant activity, DPPH
40
Acknowledgments: This research was conducted with financial support from the Serbian
Ministry of Education and Science (Grant No. 173029)
References:
1. Akrout, A. et al. (2011) Antioxidant and antitumor activities of Artemisia campestris and Thymelaea
hirsuta from southern Tunisia. In. Food and Chemical Toxicology 49: 342–347. 2. Cimpoiu C. (2006)
Analysis of some natural antioxidants by thin – layer chromatography and high performance thin
layer.chromatography. J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol.29: 1125-1142. 3. http://www.ars-grin.gov/
duke (2011). 4. Huang, Y.-P., Ling, Y.-R., (1996) Economic Compositae in China. In P.D.S. Caligari
& D.J.N. Hind (eds.). Compositae: Biology & Utilization. Proceedings of International Compositae
Conference, Kew, 1994. (D.J.N. Hind, Editor-in-Chief), vol. 2: 431-451. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
5. Kartal, N. et al. (2007) Investigation of antioxidant properties of Ferula orientalis L. using suitable
extraction procedure. Food Chem. 100: 584-589. 6. Katalinic, V. et al. (2006) Screening of 70 medicinal
plant extracts for antioxidant capacity and total phenols. Food Chem. 94: 550–557. 7. Mabberley, D.J. (
2006) The Plant – book. 2nd ed. Cambrige University press, Cambrige.
P.B.4.
ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF SESELI RIGIDUM WALDST.
& KIT. EXTRACTS OF DIFFERENT POLARITY
Marija Ilić1, Marija Marković2, Violeta Mitić1, Vesna Stankov Jovanović1,
Gordana Stojanović1
1
Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Department of Chemistry, Niš, Serbia, 2 Faculty of
Science and Mathematics, Department of Biology and Ecology, Niš, Serbia
Antioxidant activity of different parts of plant Seseli rigidum Waldst&Kit (root, leaf,
stem, flower, fruit) was examined in solvents of different polarity (methanol, ether,
acetone, ethyl acetate, hexane). The antioxidant activity of these plant’s parts was
evaluated using five different methods, namely DPPH and ABTS scavening antiradical
activites, total phenolics, flavonoid content and total reducing ferric reducing power.
The highest anti-oxidative DPPH radical capacity showed acetone flower extract,
while lowest value was for ether leaf extract. In the case of ABTS radical assay, the
largest capacity had roots hexane extract and the lowest methanol leaf extract. Most
polyphenols contains methanol fruit extract and minimum is present in flower
extract. Most flavonoids were registered in hexane leaf extract, and lowest in the ether
and ethyl acetate extract of flower. Highest total reduction power was for methanol
flowers extract, the lowest was for hexane roots extract.
Keywords: Seseli rigidum, extract, antioxidant, polyphenols, flavonoids
Acknowledgement: The research was supported by the Serbian Ministry of Science and
Technological Development (grant no 172047).
41
References:
1.Dai, J. et al. (2010) Molecules15:7313-7352. 2. Milosavljevic, S., et al. (2007)Fitoterapia 78:319322. 3. Ozturk S., Ercisli, S. (2006) World J Microb Biot 22:261-265. 4. Stjepanović Lj. et al. (1970)
Prilog proučavanju ekologije Seseli rigidum W. K.-devesilje, s naročitim osvrtom na količinu i kvalitet
etarskog ulja, Glasnik botaničkog zavodai bašte Univerziteta u Beogradu, tom V nov. ser., 1-4,
Beograd. 5. Stojkovic, S. et al. (2009) Chem Nat Compd 45(2):216-218.
6.Tiwari, P. et al. (2011) Int Pharmaceutica 1(1):98-106.
P.B.5.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE PROCESS OF SUPERCRITICAL
FLUID EXTRACTION OF USNIC ACID FROM LICHENS
Kiril Lisichkov1, Stefan Kuvendziev1, Midhat Jašić2, Ramzija Cvrk2
Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Chemical and Control Engineering, University Ss
Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, R Macedonia 2Faculty of Technology, University in Tuzla, Food
Processing Technology, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
1
The lichens are lower tallow phytogenic herbs and represent a symbiosis between
algae and fungi. The lichens vegetate on different substratum as: ground, branches,
different kind of trunks, stones even on big rocks. The usnic acid is one of many
desirable constituents of lichens, as it represents a natural antibiotic.
In the recent years, there has been growing interest in supercritical fluid extraction
in chemical, pharmaceutical, cosmetical, food industry and medicine, as the SFE
process produces solvent free extracts.
In the frames of this work, the optimization of the process of supercritical fluid
CO2 extraction of usnic acid (natural antibiotic) from lichens was performed. The
optimization process was conducted through the 3D surface method by application of
the “Statgraphics Centurion” software package. The goal function of the optimization
process was the yield of usnic acid as a function from SFE process parameters:
operating pressure, temperature, flow rate of supercritical CO2 and time of extraction.
Keywords: lichens, usnic acid, SFE-
42
P.B.6.
MINERALS AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN Oxytropis pilosa
(L.) DC.
Budimir S. Ilić1, Dragoljub L. Miladinović1, Nikola D. Nikolić2, Dejan M.
Nikolić3, Marija S. Ilić4
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
Laboratory for Geochemistry, Cosmochemistry and Astrochemistry, University of Niš, 18000 Niš,
Serbia 3Department of Sanitary Chemistry, Institute of Public Health, 18000 Niš, Serbia
4
Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Department of Chemistry, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
1
2
Oxytropis pilosa (L.) DC. is a widespread but disjunct relict species that originated in
the Altai, Siberia, from where it extended to the West. In Serbia, it can be found with
scattered distribution in the southeastern parts of the country.1 Oxytropis species
are well known as the “King of Herbs“ in Chinese Tibetan medicine.2 However,
some Oxytropis species contain very toxic indolle alkaloids.3 It is well known that
oxygen can be toxic in the following forms: reduced, activated, sometimes even in
a molecular form. Oxygen toxic forms have bad influence on different plant tissue,
especially on chloroplasts. For protection, plants produce organic detoxification
molecules in which iron, copper, zinc and manganese feature as essential structural
components. All of these molecules function in enzymatic and/or non-enzymatic
mediated plant as defence against environmental oxidative stress.4 This research was
designed to study mineral and antioxidant composition of leaves of O. pilosa. We
researched trace element contents: iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese
(Mn), activities of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT),
guaiacol peroxidase (GPx), quantities of malonyldialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen
species (ROS), superoxide (O2• -) and hydroxyl radicals (• OH), reduced glutathione
(GSH) and content of total flavonoids, chlorophylls a and b, carotenoids and soluble
proteins. Iron, copper and manganese have shown a similar seasonal pattern, the
increase the metal content in leaves during the vegetative period. The examined
antioxidant enzymes changed the levels of their activities in the vegetative period in a
specific way. During the spring season GPx showed maximum activity, CAT peaked
in the summer, whereas SOD showed maximum activity during the autumn season.
The investigated non-enzymatic antioxidant compounds exhibit the highest contents
in blooming stage of vegetation.
Keywords: Oxytropis pilosa, Minerals, Antioxidant activity, Enzymes
Acknowledgements: Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Department of Biology and Ecology,
Prof. Dr. Novica Ranđelović. The research was partially supported by the Serbian Ministry of
Education and Science (Grant No. 171 025).
43
References:
1. Diklić, N. (1974) Flora of SR Serbia. Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts. Belgrade, Serbia. 2. Lou, C. et
al. (2009) Toxicol. in Vitro 23: 906-910. 3. Molyneux, R.J. et al. (2007) Phytochemistry 68: 2973-2985. 4. Cao, X.
et al. (2004) Environ. Pollut. 128: 317-325.
P.B.7.
GLANDULAR TRICHOMES AND ESSENTIAL OIL
COMPOSITION OF MELITTIS MELISSOPHYLLUM L.
(LAMIACEAE)
Slavica Grujic 1 , Ana Džamic1, Mihailo Ristic2, Ana Alimpic1, Gordana
Subakov Simic1, Petar D. Marin1
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden
“Jevremovac”, Belgrade, Serbia; 2 institute for Medicinal Plant Research “ Josif Pancic ”,
Belgrade, Serbia
1
Melittis melissophyllum L. is a perennial herb inhabiting shady places in Western,
Southern and Central Europe. Leaves and Inflorescences of this plant are using as
antispasmodic and digestive agent, also against insomnia and eyes inflamation. In
Serbia it was traditionaly used due to its sedative properties, for nervous anxyety and
hysteria. In this study we report the presence of glandular trichomes and essential oil
composition of this species. Morphology of glandular trichomes on the vegetative
and reproductive organs was investigated using light microscopy (LM) and scanning
electron microscopy (SEM). Three types of trichomes were found: simple nonglandular, capitate and peltate glandular trichomes. Simple non-glandular trichomes
were found on the stem, leaves and calyx. Peltate trichomes cover abaxial and
adaxial leaf surface, calyx, corolla and gynoecium. Capitate trichomes are present
on all vegetative plant parts as well as the filamentum of androecium. Aerial parts
of M. melissophyllum were colected at flowering stage in June 2011. (Jablanica near
Boljevac). Dried plant material was grounded and hydrodistilled in a Clevengertype apparatus. The volatile constituents were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The main
compounds were: dihydrocarveole acetate (9.41%), hexahydroxyfarnesyl acetate
(7.85%), hexyl benzoate (5.87%), carveole (5.69%) and β- bisabolene (5.43%).
Keywords: Melittis melissophyllum, glandular trichomes, essential oil
Ackowledgment: The authors are grateful to the Ministry of Education and Science of the
Republic of Serbia for financial support (Grant No. 173029).
References:
1. Ball, P. W. (1972). Melittis L. Flora Europea, Vol. 3:143 , Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
2. Adams P. R. (2007) Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography/Mass
44
Spectroscopy. Allured Publishing Corporation. 3. Jaric, S. et al., (2007) J. Ethnopharmacol. Vol. 111:160175. 4. Maggi, F., et al., (2009) Food Chem. Vol. 113: 216-221. 5. maggi, F., et al., (2010) Flav. Fragr. J.
Vol. 25: 63-70
P.B.8.
AN INVESTIGATION ON THE PIGMENTS OBTAINED
FROM THYME PLANT
Ozan Deveoglu 1,2, Emrah Çakmakçı 1, Emine Torgan 3, Ahmed
Muhammed 4, Ali Fouad5, Recep Karadağ6
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Marmara University, 34722,
Kadıkoy, Istanbul, Turkey ; 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cankırı Karatekin
University, 18100, Cankırı, Turkey ; 3Turkish Cultural Foundation, Research and Development
Laboratory for Natural Dyes, 34775, Umraniye, Istanbul, Turkey ; 4Department of Biology,
Faculty of Science, Ankara University, 06100, Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey ; 5Department of
Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey ; 6Laboratory of
Natural Dyes, Faculty of Fine Arts, Marmara University, 34718, Kadıkoy, Istanbul, Turkey
1
In this study, natural pigments from the thyme (Thymus serpyllum) plant were prepared
by using KAl(SO4)2.12H2O (alum), FeSO4.7H2O, SnCI2.2H2O, and CuSO4.5H2O
mordants. A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC)
with diode array detection (DAD) method was used in the identification of components
in the natural pigments. The component extractions from the natural pigments were
carried out with 37% HCl/MeOH/H2O (2:1:1 v/v/v) mixture1-4. According to the
results of HPLC analysis of the natural pigments, it was observed that both luteolin and
apigenin that present in the pigments were precipitated by Cu(II) whereas only luteolin
was precipitated by Fe(II) and apigenin was precipitated by Sn(II). The pigments were
further characterized by ATR-FTIR analysis. Thermal degradation of the pigments
was determined by TGA analysis. High char yields were found for all pigments. These
char yields were attributed to the high metal chelating capacity and the rigid flavonoid
structure of the organic components in the natural pigments. The antimicrobial activity
of the crude extract and dyes against some microbial strains were evaluated based on
the minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) values. The MIC results showed that, all
the used dyes were able to prevent the growth of all tested microbial species.
Keywords: natural pigment, RP-HPLC, TGA, FT-IR, antimicrobial activity
Acknowledgements: The support by Turkish Cultural Foundation is gratefully acknowledged.
References:
1.Deveoglu, O., Karadag, R. and Yurdun, T. (2009) Jordan J. Chem., Vol. 4, No.4, pp. 377-385. 2.Deveoglu,
O., Torgan, E. and Karadag, R. (2010) Jordan J. Chem., Vol. 5, No.3, pp. 307-315. 3.Deveoglu, O., Torgan,
45
E. and Karadag, R. (2010) Asian J. Chem., Vol. 22, No.9, pp. 7021-7030. 4.Deveoglu, O., Karadag, R. and
Yurdun, T. (2011) Chem Nat Comp, Vol. 47, No. 1, March, pp.103-104. P.B.9.
EVALUATION OF OIL YIELD AND COMPOSITION OF TWO
GENOTYPES OF Mentha spicata L
Magda Osman1, Awatif Mohamed1, Thabit Ahmed2
Department of Agrotechnology, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Institute, National
Center for Resaerch, Khartoum, Suda; 2Department of Experimental Farm, Kenana sugar
Company Limited, Kenana White Nile State,Sudan
1
The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the oil yield and composition
of two genotypes of Mentha spicata namely Balady and Crispa gentypes grown at
Kenana experimental field, White Nile State. Hydrodistillation of the leaves gave 3.1
% and 2.9% essential oils for (Balady and Crispa genotypes respectively. Genotype
Crispa gave higher herabage yield (2.341 ton/fed) and oil yield (68.618 L/fed)
compared to genotype Balady, which yield 1.7 ton/fed herbage and 52.809 L/fed oil.
The essential oil obtained by hydro-distillation of the leaves from the two genotypes
were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Nine components representing 93.51% and
93.37% of the oil of Balady and Crispa genotypes were identified. Carvone (64.88 –
74.29%) is the major component of Balady and Crispa oils respectively followed by
lemonene (8.33 – 19.73) which was higher in oil of Balady genotype. On the other
hand dihydrocarveol (0.67 -1.38); cineol 1,8 (3.47 – 4.69)and b –pinene (1.65 – 2.92)
were slightly higher in Crispa oil .This study demonstrate that the genotype Crispa
could be suitable genotype for production of high herbage and oil yields with high
carvone content under the prevailing environment o f Kenana area. Such information
is needed for commercial production of carvone rich mint oil.
Keywords: Genotype, crispa, essential oil, carvone, hydrodistillation
References:
1. Mohamed A, et al (2007). Aguide to Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in Sudan (Economic Maping),
1st ed. Sudanese Standards and Metrology Organization, Kartoum, University Press. 2.Mohamed
A, Osman M. Hussein F and Abdalla E, (2009). Effect of soil types and chicken manure on growth,
yield and oil content of two varities of Mentha spicata grown in Sudan, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
Research Institute, Annual Report. 3. Tucker AO (1992). The truth about mints. The Herb Companion)
4: 51–52. 4. Marotti M, Piccaglia R, Giovanelli E, Deans SG & Eaglesham E (1994). Effects of planting
time and mineral fertilization on peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.) essential oil composition and its
biological activity. Journal of Flavour and Fragrance 9: 125–129. 5. Kokkini S, Karousou R & Lanaras T
(1995). Essential oils of spearmint (carvone-rich) plants from the Island of Crete (Greece). Biochemical
Systematics and Ecology 23: 287–297. 6. Edris A E, Shalaby· A S, Fadel H M, Abdel-Wahab M. A (2003).
Evaluation of a chemotype of spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) grown in Siwa Oasis, Egypt. Eur Food Res
Technol 218:74–78.
46
P.B.10.
DETECTION AND QUANTIFICATION OF
HYDROXYCINNAMIC ACIDS IN LAMIACEAE SPECIES
GROWING IN CROATIA
Maja Bival Štefan1 , Jadranka Vuković Rodríguez 2 , Marija Babac1 ,
Sanda Vladimir Knežević1
1
University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacognosy,
Zagreb, Croatia ; 2 University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of
Analytics and Control of Medicines, Zagreb, Croatia
Lamiaceae family has a cosmopolitan distribution and comprises numerous popular
and less known species with pronounced therapeutic properties. They represent a
rich source of polyphenols, especially phenolic acids, e.g. rosmarinic acid. The aim
of this study was to establish the presence and contents of hydroxycinnamic acids in
various Lamiaceae species growing in Croatia. We used thin-layer chromatography
for qualitative analysis, while determination of hydroxycinnamic derivatives was
performed according to procedure described in European Pharmacopoeia. Among
32 studied species, the highest quantities of hydroxicinnamic derivatives, expressed
as rosmarinic acid, were found in Satureja subspicata Bartl. ex Vis. (11.04%), Melissa
officinalis L. (10.25%) and Micromeria graeca L. (9.92%), while the lowest percentages
were determined in Marrubium vulgare L. (1.09%) and M. incanum Desr. (0.85%).
Our results might be helpful in better understanding of complex biological activities
connected with the presence of hydoxycinnamic acids in these medicinal plants.
Keywords: Lamiaceae, hydroxycinnamic acids
References:
1. Zgórka, G., Głowniak, K. (2001) J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 26: 79–87. 2. EDQM (2006) European
Pharmacopoeia 5th Ed. Council of Europe. Strasbourg.
47
P.B.11.
Thymus longicaulis C. PRESL – PHENOL RICH SPECIES IN
CROATIAN FLORA
1
Sanda Vladimir-Knežević1, Marija Babac1, Maja Bival Štefan1, Biljana
Blažeković1
Zagreb, Croatia
Thymus longicaulis C. Presl (Lamiaceae) is a small aromatic perennial herb and a
typical representative of the Illyric-Mediterranean flora. It is a traditional remedy for
cold, flu, cough, nephritis and abdominal pain. Thymus species have been investigated
for their chemical composition and biological activities in order to find the possibility
of their use in modern phytotherapy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the
phenolic content and antiradical activity of the aerial parts of T. longicaulis growing
in Croatia. The results were compared with those obtained for commercially available
Thymi vulgaris herba, officially recognized in modern pharmacopoeias. The presence
of various bioactive compounds was detected by thin layer chromatography. Total
polyphenol (3.72%), tannin (1.34%) and flavonoid (0.39%) contents of T. longicaulis
were spectrophotometrically determined. According to procedures described in
European Pharmacopoeia, the contents of essential oil and volatile phenols in
aerial parts were found to be 1.65% and 0.65%, respectively. Free radical scavenging
activities of ethanolic extracts were evaluated using DPPH and deoxyribose assays.
T. longicaulis contained significantly higher amounts of phenolics and exhibited
better antiradical activity then T. vulgaris. Our findings highlighted T. longicaulis of
Croatian origin as a rich source of phenolic antioxidants.
Keywords: Thymus longicaulis; phenols; antiradical activity
References:
1. Vladimir-Knežević, S. et al. (2010) Planta Med. 76:1320. 2. EDQM (2002) European Pharmacopoeia
4th Ed. Council of Europe. Strasbourg.
48
P.B.12.
EVALUATING THE POTENTIAL OF Lavandula × intermedia
‘Budrovka’ AS S SOURCE OF POLYPHENOLIC COMPOUNDS
Biljana Blažeković, Gordana Stanić, Sanda Vladimir-Knežević
Zagreb, Croatia
Lavandula × intermedia ‘Budrovka’ is a Croatian indigenous cultivar of lavandin,
cultivated on a large scale mainly for its essential oil used in cosmetic and
pharmaceutical industries. Whereas many aromatic plants belonging to the
Lamiaceae family are very rich in polyphenolic compounds, the present study
focused on qualitative and quantitative evaluation of lavandin ‘Budrovka’ as a
source of different types of polyphenols (phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins,
procyanidins and tannins). In this regard, the contents of analysed compounds
were spectrophotometrically determined in leaves, inflorescence stalks and flowers
during the various stages of growth and monitored for three years. The obtained
results revealed significant differences in polyphenols quantities among individual
plant parts as well as important influence of harvesting time on them. Overall,
hydroxycinnamic acids were the predominant phenolic group in all plant parts. The
highest amounts, ranged from 3.89% to 4.93% across the three-year period, were
found in leaves where the maximal accumulation was observed in the vegetative
stage (4.77-4.93%). The flowers collected in the early flowering stage were also rich
in phenolic acids (4.32-4.94%), but their amount decreased significantly (p<0.001)
with inflorescence development and at the end of flowering reached 2.30-2.60%.
The inflorescence stalks contained 1.00-2.05% of phenolic acids with peak amounts
observed at the beginning of flowering period. Flavonoids occurred most abundantly
in leaves (0.16-0.24%), while lower contents were determined in inflorescence stalks
(0.10-0.13%) and flowers (0.04-0.10%). Our findings suggested that leaves and
flowers of Croatian cultivar of lavandin are rich sources of polyphenolic compounds
having the potential to offer a wide range of health benefits.
Keywords: Lavandula × intermedia ‘Budrovka’; polyphenols
49
P.B.13.
SECONDARY METABOLITES FROM LOTUS PUSILLUS
MEDIK. (FABACEAE)
1
Lynda Golea1, Mohammed Benkhaled1, Hamada Haba1, Catherine
Lavaud2, Christophe Long3
Laboratoire de Chimie et Chimie de l’Environnement (L.C.C.E), Département de Chimie, Faculté
des Sciences, Université de Batna, Batna 05000, Algérie; 2UMR CNRS 6229, Institut de Chimie
Moléculaire de Reims, BP 1039, 51097 Reims Cedex 2, France; 3 Centre de Recherche sur les
Substances Naturelles, UMS CNRS 2597, 3 rue des Satellites, BP 94244, 31432 Toulouse, France
The genus Lotus of the family Fabaceae is represented in Algeria by 15 species (1).
The plants of this genus are widely used in traditional medicine for several diseases.
They often possess interesting biological activities. For example, the species Lotus
halophilus exhibits antibacterial and antifungal activities (2). Previous investigations
of the Lotus species led to isolation of flavonoids (3,4), proanthocyanidins (5) and
triterpenoids (6).
In a continuation of our program of research on medicinal plants growing in the
Aures region of Algeria and north of the Sahara, we investigate in this study the
plant Lotus pusillus to isolate secondary metabolites that may possess interesting
biological activities.
This paper describes the structure determination of three secondary metabolites 1, 2
and 3, isolated from the methanol extract of aerial parts of Lotus pusillus.
The molecular structures of isolated compounds were established by spectroscopic
analysis particularly NMR 1D (1H and 13C J-modulated) and 2D (COSY, HSQC
50
J-modulated, HMBC, TOCSY and ROESY), mass spectrometry EI-MS and by
comparison with literature data.
Keywords: Lotus Pusillus, triterpenoïde, isoflavonoïde, saponoside, NMR 1D and 2D.
References :
1. Quezel, P., Santa, S. (1963) Nouvelle Flore de l’Algérie et des régions désertiques méridionales.Vol.1-2,
Ed. CNRS, Paris, France. 2. Mahasneh, A.M. et al. (2002) Phytother. Res. 16: 751-53. 3- Suzuki, H. et al.
(2008) Phytochemistry 69: 99-111. 4. El Moussallami, A.M.D. et al. (2002) Phytochemistry 60: 807-811.
5. Foo, L.Y. et al. (1997) Phytochemistry 45: 1689-1696. 6. El-Youssef, H.M. et al. (2008) Saudi Pharm.
J. 16: 122-134.
P.B.14.
PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF CENTAUREA
PUBESCENS WITH BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES
Soumia Mouffok1, Hamada Haba1, Lotfi Loucif2, Catherine Lavaud3,
Christophe Long4, Mohammed Benkhaled1
Laboratoire de Chimie et Chimie de l’Environnement (L.C.C.E), Département de Chimie,
Faculté des Sciences, Université de Batna, Algérie; 2Laboratoire de microbiologie appliqué,
Département de biochimie, Université d’Annaba, Algérie ; 3 Laboratoire de pharmacognosie,
Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 6229, BP 1039, 51097 Reims Cedex
2, France; 4 Centre de Recherche sur les Substances Naturelles, UMS CNRS 2597, 3 rue des
Satellites, BP 94244, 31432 Toulouse, France.
1
The family Asteraceae contains about
900 genus and between 15000 and 20000
species distributed in Europe, Asia,
tropical Africa, North America and
Australia. 1, 2 The large genus Centaurea
is represented with 500 species which
are predominately found around the
Mediterranean area. 3 It is a perennial
shrub with purple flowers grown in sandy
and desert habitat. The plant is an endemic
species of Algeria and Tunisia and is not
used in Algerian folk medicine; however
other species of the same genus are used
to treat several diseases as hemorrhoid,
peptic ulcer, abscess and common cold.
Chemical investigations of Centaurea
species afforded mainly flavonoids, 4 Figure 1: Structures of the isolated compounds
51
sesquiterpene lactones, 5 and triterpenes. 6 This study deals with the isolation and
identification of six flavonoïd aglycones and four triterpenoids (Figure 1): Oroxylin-A
(1), Chrysin (2), Tenaxin II (3), 5,7,2’-trihydroxyflavone (4), Quercetin (5), Patuletin
(6), Lupeol (7), Taraxasterol (8), β-sitosterol (9) and Daucosterol (10) from the aerial
parts of dichloromethane extract of C. pubescens.
Structures of the isolated compounds were established mainly by 1-D and 2-D homoand heteronuclear NMR and mass spectrometry ESI experiments and by comparison
with literature data. In the biological part, Gram positive strains Staphylococcus
aureus (MRSA) and Staphylococcus aureus exhibit anti-bacterial activity on the
compound 5,7,2’-trihydroxyflavone (4) and crude extracts (CH2Cl2 and AcOEt). The
anti-oxidant activity was evaluated on the extracts and all isolated flavonoids by the
DPPH test.
Keywords: medicinal plants, phytochemistry, Asteraceae
References:
1. Bayer R.J., Starr J.R. (1998) Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85:242-256. 2. Mishio T. et al. (2006) Biochem.
Syst. Ecol. 34:180-184. 3. Quezel P., Santa S. (1963) Nouvelle Flore de l’Algérie et des régions désertiques
Méridionales. In: CNRS (Ed.), Paris. 4. Shoeb M. et al. (2007) J. Nat. Med. 61:164-169. 5. Yesilada E. et
al. (2004) J. Ethnopharmacol. 95:213-219. 6. Flamini G. et al. (2002) Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 30:1051-1054.
P.B.15.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF FOUR PEUCEDANUM L.
SPECIES
Jelena Matejić1, Ana Džamić2, Vladimir Ranđelović3, Petar D. Marin2
University of Niš, Faculty of Medicine, Niš, Serbia; 2University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology,
Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”, Belgrade, Serbia; 3University of Niš,
Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Niš, Serbia
1
The genus Peucedanum L. (Apiaceae) is a large group comprising more than 120
species, widely distributed in Europe, Asia and Africa. Most plants of this genus are
used in folk medicine as a means of strengthening, bitter taste and increased secretion
of gastric juices, increases appetite, help digestion, and generally have favorable effect
on the body. The present study describes antioxidant activity of methanol, ethyl acetate,
acetone and water extracts of the dried aerial parts of four Peucedanum species from
Serbia (P. officinale from Kosovska Mitrovica, P. longifolium from Orijen mountain,
P. aegopodioides from Kopaonik mountain and P. alsaticum from Fruška Gora
mountain). Different solvents were used to prepare extracts of dried plant material.
The antioxidant potential of the extracts was evaluated by means of the 2, 2-diphenyl1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging method. Synthetic antioxidant butilated
hydroxyanisole (BHA) was used as control. DPPH scavenging effect of the extracts
52
was determined spectrophotometrically. All ethyl acetate extracts possessed the
lowest activities compared to other extracts and control substances. Water extract
of P. officinale showed the strongest antioxidant activities compared to other species
and other extracts, and reduced DPPH to 50% (EC50=0,308 mg/ml of solution). This
finding suggests that species from genus Peucedanum may be considered as a natural
source of antioxidants.
Keywords: Peucedanum L., extracts, antioxidant activity, DPPH,
Acknowledgements: The authors are grateful to the Ministry of Education and Science of the
Republic of Serbia for financial support (Grant No. 173029.
References:
1. Tepe, B. et al. (2011) Rec. Nat. Prod. 5:2:108-116. 2. Tucakov J. (1986) Lečenje biljem. Izdavačka Radna
Organizacija ‚’RAD’’. Beograd. 3. Blos, M. S. (1958) Nature 181:1199-1200.
P.B.16.
ALKALOİDS OF Chronanthus orientalis (Lois.) Heywood&
Frodin (Fabaceae), AN ENDEMIC SPECIES OF TURKEY
Merve Güner, Işın Yazıcı, Fatih Karabey, Serdar Şenol, Hatice Demiray
University of Ege Faculty of Science Department of Biology Section of Botany 35100, Bornova
– İzmir, Turkey
Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry has been used to analyze the
alkaloids present in the aerial parts of C.orientalis. Sparteine, lidocaine, oxosparteine,
lupanine alkaloids were the major compounds. From the identified four alkaloids,
one lidocaine was found for the first time in this endemic plant. Almost all alkaloids
belonged to the quinolizidine type.
Keywords: Chronanthus orientalis, alkaloid, Cytisus, quinolizidine
53
P.B.17.
CHEMICAL COUSTITUENS OF: Heliotropium hirsitutissimum
GRAUER and ECOTYPE
Meliha Gemici, Hatice Demiray, Işın Yazıcı, Fatih Karabey
University of Ege Faculty of Science Department of Biology Section of Botany 35100,
Bornova – İzmir, Turkey
İn This study, essential oil and alkaloid contents of Heliotropium hirsitutissimum
distributed in Denizli and its İzmir(Bornova-campus) ecotyp of were identified
with gs ms. Like many of the plants of this geographic area, they characteristically
produce a resinous exudate that covers the leaves and stem.7 These exudates have
been associated with a complex defense mechanism. There is experimental evidence
indicating that the resins are part of a protective cover that prevents excessive water
evaporation.8 These resins have been proposed to play an extensive role against
phytophagous organisms and UV radiation in the range 180-320 nm.9,10 Herein
we describe the isolation and structural elucidation of rel-(8R,9R)-carrizaloic acid
(1) 3- [rel-(8R,9R-9-hydroxy-9,13,13-trimethyl-12-oxo-10-cyclo- hexenyl)methyl]4-methoxybenzoic acid, a new compound, and three known flavonoids from the
resin exudates of Heliotropium huascoense J.M. Johnston (Boraginaceae). We have
also studied the antifeedant, insecticidal, and anti-fungal effects of 1 and its methyl
derivative 2 against several divergent phytophagous insects (the beetle Lepti- notarsa
decemlineata, the lepidopteran Spodoptera littora-lis, and the aphid Myzus persicae)
and plant pathogens (Fusarium moniliforme and Aspergillus niger). The related
compound filifolinol (3), an aromatic geranyl derivative isolated from H. filifolium,3
has been included in the biological tests for comparison purposes.
Keywords: Heliotropium hirsitutissimum, essential oils
P.B.18.
Identification of in vitro Benzoin production
in Styrax officinalis L. by HPLC
Hatice Demiray, Aylin Dereboylu, Işın Yazıcı, Fatih Karabey
University of Ege Faculty of Science Department of Biology Section of Botany 35100,
Bornova – İzmir, Turkey
Styrax officinalis L. (Styracaceae) is a deciduous small tree (up to 4 m) only found
around the Mediterranean region and, in the East and South –Eastern Asia (Fritsch,
54
PW. 1999. Phylogeny of Styrax based on morphological characters with implications
for biogeography and infragenenic classification syst. Bot. 24,356- 378) Mature seeds
of Styrax officinalis L. were collected from natural (Kemalpaşa) spreading field. Seeds
were applied to surface sterilization by embedding % 7.5 Na hypochloride solution
for 20 second with shaking time intervals. Three nutrition media were prepared with
MS (Murashigo and Skoog, 1962) by adding 31 mg H3BO3 (50 folds of MS recipient)
and 225mg nicotinic acid for the boron transport niacin was added (Demiray and
Dereboylu 2006)(50 folds of MS resipient) to the callus medium of Styrax and 10
mMol thiamine pyrophosphate chloride (cocarboxylase) to the previous medium
and finally 0.5 mg BAP plus 1 mg NAA only for callus medium without adding
any appendix substance. The seeds were germinated firstly in GA3 (20 mg) added
MS medium. Then explants of stem tissue were grown in all of three media above
mentioned. 300 seeds were sown to each of the media and experiments repeated
three times. Benzoin contents of the stem calli were identified by HPLC-DAD with
benzoin standard and the composition of essential oils were identified GC-MS in Ege
University center for R & D and pharnacokinetics applications envirement & Food
analaysis Laboratories (Bornova- İzmir).
Keywords: Styrax officinalis, Benzoin
P.B.19.
CONTENT OF ISOFLAVONES IN RED CLOVER EXTRACTS
Jelena Cvejić1, Mira Bursać1, Milica Atanacković1, Sanja Vasiljević2
Faculty of medicine, Department of pharmacy, Novi Sad, Serbia; 2Institute of Field and
Vegetable Crops, Forage Crops Department, Novi Sad, Serbia
1
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a rich source of isoflavones which are reported
to have beneficial estrogenic effects. This plant contains four major phytoestrogens
- daidzein, genistein, formononetin and biochanin A. Therefore, red clover is more
often used as raw material for production of dietary supplements used for treatment
of menopausal symptoms in women. Since content of active substances in these
supplements depends on used extracts, it is important to determine concentration
of phytoestrogens in red clover. The object of this study was to compare content of
daidzein, genistein, formononetin and biochanin A between different cultivars and
plant parts of red clover.
Seven red clover cultivars (two diploid, five tetraploid) were analyzed. Separated leaves,
stems and flowers were grounded, mixed with water and incubated 30 minutes at
37°C. Then, 3M HCl and 96% ethanol were added and mixture was heated and boiled
for 10 minutes. Obtained extracts were than purified by solid phase extraction on
55
HLB cartridges [1]. Isoflavones were identified and quantified by high-performance
liquid chromatography (HPLC), using calibration curves of corresponding standard
compounds [2].
Total isoflavone content was on average the highest in leaves (5.67 mg/g), and the
lowest in stems (0,96 mg/g) of red clover samples. Phytoestrogen concentrations
were different among cultivars. Greatest variations of total isoflavone content were
observed in leaves (3.20-8.30 mg/g), while these values were more uniform in stems
and flowers. Formononetin was generally dominant in leaves (1.28-4.67 mg/g) and
stems (0.28-0.80 mg/g). In flowers the highest content of genistein was detected (0.470.97 mg/g). On average, isoflavones present in lowest concentrations were daidzein
in leaves and flowers, and biochanin in stems. Observing all analyzed samples,
formononetin made 42%, genistein 31%, biochanin 18% and daidzein 9% of total
isoflavone content.
Keywords: red clover, isoflavones, HPLC
References:
1. Klejdus, B. et al. (1999) J Chromatogr A 839:261-263. 2. Krenn, L. et al. (2002) J Chromatogr B
777:123-128.
P.B.20.
VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL
FROM THE AERIAL PARTS OF FERULAGO ANGULATA
(SCHLECHT.) BOISS.
Hashem Akhlaghi
Department of Basic Sciences, Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar, Iran
The genus Ferulago consists of 35 species, seven of which are found in Iran, two of these
being endemic: F. contracta Boiss. et Hausskn. and F. phialocarpa Rech. f. et H. Riedl
1,2
. The chemical composition and biological activities of some species of the genus
Ferulago have been the subjects of some earlier studies 3-5. In this study, the essential
oil obtained by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of Ferulago angulata (Schlecht.)
Boiss. (Umbelliferae) , growing wild in Khorasan province (Iran), were analyzed by
GC and GC/MS. Forty five compounds representing 93.2% of the aerial parts oil
of Ferulago angulata were identified, of which α-pinene (10.5%), limonene (9.6%),
β-myrcene (5.5%) and fenchyl acetate (4.2%) were the major ones. Comparison this
results with previous report on the aerial parts of Ferulago angulata shows significant
differences. The major components of previous report were α-phellandrene (24.2%),
β-phellandrene (14.9%), α-pinene (14.7%), p-cymene (10.3%) , δ-3-carene (6.7%)
56
and (Z)-β-ocimene (5.8%). 3. The present investigation revealed that the aerial parts
oil of the plant consist of monoterpenes as major constituents (75.1%)
Keywords: Essential Oil, GC/MS, Ferulago angulata, α-pinene, Hydrodistillation
References:
1. Rechinger, K. H.(1987). Ferulago. In: Flora Iranica, Umbelliferae. No. 162. Eds., K. H. Rechinger and
I.C. Hedge, p 430, Akademische Druck and Verlagsanstalt, Graz, Austria. 2. Mozaffarian, V. (1996). A
Dictionary of Iranian plant names. Farhang Moaser Publischer, Tehran, 1st Edit., p 230. 3. Akhlaghi,
H. (2008). Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil from the aerial parts of Ferulago angulata
(Schlecht.) Boiss. from Northeast Iran, J. Essent. Oil Bearing Plants, 11(5): 544-547. 4. Erdurak, C.S.
et al. (2006). Composition of the essential oil of fruits and roots of Ferulago isaurica Pesmen and
F-syriaca Boiss. (Umbelliferae) from Turkey. Flavour and Fragrance J. 21(1): 118-121. 5. Samiee, K. et
al. (2006). Composition of the volatiles of Ferulago carduchorum Boiss. et Hausskn. and Levisticum
officinale Koch. obtained by hydrodistillation and extraction. J. Essent. Oil Res. 18(1): 19-21.
P.B.21.
DETERMINATION OF INDIGO CONTENTS AND DYEING
PROPERTIES OF NATIVE ISATIS SPP. DISTRUBUTED IN
SOUTH EAST MEDITERRANEAN REGION OF TURKEY
Sengul Karaman, Emel Dıraz, Ahmet Ilcim, Nazan Comlekcioglu,
Hasan Durdu
Kahramanmaraş Sutçu Imam University, Science and Letter Faculty, Biology Department,
Isatis genus belonging to Brassicaceae family comprises approximately 79 species and
the genus is distributed primarilly in the northerm hemisphere, espically in the Iranaturanian region where nearly 90 % of its species grow (1). Turkey with 34 species is
one of the important diversification centres of the genus 20 of the 34 species and 5 of
the 16 subspecies endemic (2).Isatis tinctoria (European woad) cultivated in Europe
for blue dye, and İsatis indigotica (Chinese woad) especially used to Traditional
Chinese Medicine.
In this study eight different İsatis species ( I. cappadocia , I.candoleana, , I. tinctoria
subsp. tomentolla (Mersin location), İ. tinctoria subsp. tomentolla (Göksun location ),
İ.aucheri, İ. buschiana, I.sivasica, İ. glauca, I. tahtajanii ) collected from South East
Mediterranean Region of Turkey and two culture form I. indigotica and I. tinctoria
were cultivated in Kahramanmaras city and the species were analysed for indigo
content with UV spectrofotometer and investigated for dyeing properties using
fermentation method at two different pH (9 and 11) for alkaline solutions, and 3
different reducer concentrations (25,50,100 mM Na2S2O4).
The highest indigo content was obtained I. tinctoria subsp. tomentolla (Mersin
57
location). The dyeing studies showed that light and dark blue colors obtained from
different İsatis dye solutions at different Na2S2O4 concentrations, and the best bright
dark blue color was found İ. tinctoria subsp. tomentolla (Göksun location ) at 25 mM
Na2S2O4 concentration for wool yarn and 50 and 100 mM Na2S2O4 concentrations
for cotton yarn at both pH (9 and 11).
Keywords : Isatis spp., indigo, woad, dyeing
Acknowledgements: 1,TUBITAK , The Scientific and Technological Research Council of
Turkey
2, Kahramanmaraş Sutçu Imam University
References:
1. Moazzeni et all., (2007), Flora 202, 447–454. 2.Anonymous,http://biow.tubitak.gov.tr/present/
taxonForm1.13340.
P.B.22.
FATTY ACID AND ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION OF
ECHINACEA PURPUREA (L.) MOENCH, GROWING IN
KAHRAMANMARAS-TURKEY
Emel Dıraz, Şengul Karaman, Nilufer Koca
Kahramanmaraş Sutç Imam University, Science and Letter Faculty, Biology Department,
Echinacea is a hardy perennial plant indigenous to North America, which belongs to
Asteracea (1), have medical properties. Echinacea purpurea (L). Moench cultivated in
Avsar Campus-Kahramanmaras, gathered in Agust 2008. Seed of the plants extracted
using soxhalet apparatus for fatty acid composition with two different solvent (hexan
and petroleum ether), essential oils of the flowers were extracted by hydrodistillation.
Fatty acid and essential oil compositions were identified with GC-MS. Principal fatty
acid components were determined as oleic acid 48-29 %, palmitic acid 16.6- 9.2%
, linoleic acid 13.3-51% and stearic acid 5- 2.5 % with petroleum ether and hexan
respectively. Germacrene-D 11.3%, caryophylleneoxide 8.7%, β-caryophyllene 7.2%,
α-cadinol 6.3%, naphthalene 3.3% and α-phellandrene 2.9 % were found as main
componds in the essential oils of Echinacea purpurea seeds.
Keywords: Echinacea purpurea, fattyacid, essentialoil, GC-MS
Acknowledgements: 1. Kahramanmaraş Sutçu Imam University
58
References:
1. Mcgregor, R.L., 1968. Thetaxonomy of thegenusEchinacea (Compositae), ThuUniversity of Kansas
Sci. Bull. 48, 113-142
P.B.23.
PHENOLIC CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF
Calamintha glandulosa (REQ.) BENTHAM
Danijela Vidic, Sanja Ćavar, Ana Filipović, Karolina Đurić, Elma
Muflizović, Milka Maksimović
University of Sarajevo, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35,
71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Calamintha glandulosa (Req.) Bentham is an aromatic perennial plant, mostly found
on rocky pastures, dry meadows, and abandoned places of the Mediterranean and
sub-zones [1]. Plants belonging to the genus Calamintha were known to possess
significant antimicrobial and antifungal properties.
The interest in phenolic antioxidants has increased remarkably in the last decade due
to their elevated capacity in scavenging free radicals associated with various human
diseases. This work presents the investigation of the total phenolic content and the
antioxidant activity of essential oil and plant extracts of C. glandulosa. Essential oil
was obtained using hydrodistillation technique, and Soxhlet extracts were obtained
using petrolether, chloroform, acetone, absolute ethanol, 96% ethanol as organic
solvents. Aqueous extract was collected as waste water after hydrodistillation.
Total phenolics content was measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu method [2], and they
varied from 29.65 to 176.07 mg/g GAE, for essential oil and aqueous extract, respectively.
The radical scavenging activity was measured by DPPH [3] and ABTS method [4].
The scavenging potencies of the samples indicated as IC50 values, were from 0.36 to
34.29 mg/mL for DPPH method, and from 0.51 to 4.40 mg/mL for ABTS method.
Reducing power activity was measured spectrophotometrically [5], and the reducing
power of the samples indicated as RP50 values were from 2.75 to 406.51 mg/mL. All
samples showed activity comparable to Trolox, which was used as a positive probe.
In addition, antioxidant capacity against OH radical was measured by ORAC test [6].
Obtained values were from -2.08 to 4.44 mmol TE/g.
In all cases essential oil showed the lowest antioxidant activity, while aqueous extract
showed the highest. This can be explained by the levels of the phenolic compounds in
the examined samples. It is well known that the antioxidant activity is dependent on
the content of phenolic compounds [7].
Results from the present study suggest further analysis on chemical composition of
the plant extracts in order to identify phenolic constituents that might be responsible
for their antioxidant activity.
59
Keywords: Calamintha glandulosa (Req.) Bentham, Antioxidant activity, Total
phenolic content
References:
1.Šilić, Č. (1979) Monografija radova Satureja L.; Calamintha Miller; Micromeria Bentham; Acinos
Miller i Clinopodium L. u flori Jugoslavije, Zemaljski muzej BiH. Sarajevo. 2.Singleton, V. L., Rossi
J.A. (1965) Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 16: 144-158. 3.Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M.E., Berset, C. (1995)
Lebensm. Wiss. Technol. 28: 25-30.
4.Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Rice-Evans, C. (1999) Free Rad. Bio. Med. 26:
1231–1237.
5.Ćavar, S., Kovač, F., Maksimović, M. (2009) Food Chem. 117: 135-142. 6.Cao, G., Alessio, H., Cutler,
R. (1993) Free Rad. Biol. Med. 14: 303-311. 7.Zheng, W., Wang, S. Y. (2001). J. Agric. Food Chem. 49:
5165-5170.
P.B.24.
VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS OF Calamintha glandulosa (REQ.)
BENTHAM
Sanja Ćavar, Danijela Vidic, Anela Kulenović, Amina Polutak, Milka
Maksimović
University of Sarajevo, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35,
Calamintha glandulosa (Req.) Bentham is an aromatic perennial plant belonging to
the family Lamiaceae, mostly found on rocky pastures, dry meadows, and abandoned
places of the Mediterranean and sub-zones [1].
The essential oil and headspace samples obtained from odorous parts of C. glandulosa
were subjected to capillary GC/MS analysis. The identification of the volatile
constituents was accomplished by computer library search, retention indices RI, and
the visual interpretation of mass spectra with those found in the literature [2] and in
the laboratory own database.
Fifty-two compounds were identified in six samples obtained using different
extraction techniques: steam distillation (SD), hydrodistillation (HD), reflux (R),
Soxhlet extraction using petrolether (PE), and the headspace of dry plant (HS), and
petrolether extract (HS-PE) as organic solvents.
The most abundant components in all examined samples were oxygenated
monoterpenes, with piperitone (19.9-59.5 %) and piperitenone (7.1-42.6 %) as the
main representatives. The content of the second most abundant components varied
depending on the isolation technique of the volatiles. Essential oils showed significant
content of menthone and pulegone, while menthone and limonene were abundant in
headspace sample.
Presented results slightly differ from those previously published [3, 4], concerning the
absence of piperiton oxide and piperitenon oxide. This is in agreement with the fact
60
of complex chemical polymorphism of this genus. The observed differences confirm
the influence of origin of the plant material, as well as environmental conditions on
the nature of plant chemical composition.
Keywords: Calamintha glandulosa (Req.) Bentham, Essential oil, Headspace, GCMS, Piperitone
References:
1.Šilić, Č. (1979) Monografija radova Satureja L.; Calamintha Miller; Micromeria Bentham; Acinos
Miller i Clinopodium L. u flori Jugoslavije, Zemaljski muzej BiH. Sarajevo.
2.Adams, R.P. (2001) Identification of Essential oil of Components by Gas Chromatography/
Quadrupole Mass Spectroscopy. Allured Publishing Corporation. Illinois.
3.Kitic, D., Stojanovic, G., Palic, R., Randjelovic, V. (2005) J. Essent. Oil Res. 17: 701-703.
4.Cook, C.M., Lanaras, T., Kokkini, S. (2007) J. Essent. Oil Res. 19: 19534-19539.
P.B.25.
Macroscopic, microscopic and HPTLC
examination of
Horsetail Equisetum arvense L.
Tamara Bosnić 1, Sanita Pekmić 2, Sanida Osmanović 3, Samira
Huseinović 3
1 Department of Drug Control, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; 2 University of Tuzla,
Faculty of Pharmacy Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
3 University of Tuzla, Faculty of Science Tuzla, Department: Biology, Bosnia and Herzegovina
The most famous medicinal species of the genus Equisetum, the Polish horsetail
Equisetum arvense L., occurs as a weed. It is important to take care to avoid
confusion with another type of horsetail, such as Equisetum palustre L. which is
poisonous because it contains alkaloids such as palustrin and spermidine. The
aim is macroscopic, microscopic and HPTLC examination of species Equisetum
arvense L. and comparison with the type of Equisetum palustre L. As TLC
fingerprint is used fluorescent orange zone Rf 0.45 and Rf 0.65 and corresponds
to a routine and quercetin-3-O-glucoside and is characteristic of Equisetum
arvense L. and red and greenish-blue fluorescent zones corresponding to Rf 0.8
brown acid. Macroscopic, microscopy and thin layer chromatography confirm
the identification of Equisetum arvense L. on the basis of which it is possible to
compare it with the kind of Equisetum palustre L. and show the main differences
between the two species.
Keywords: Equisetum, macroscopis, microscopy, thin-layer chromatography
61
References:
1.Bosnić T., Pilipović S. (2006): Equiseti herba zamjene i falsifikati. Apotekar 21 21:22. 2.Mamedova
K.T. and Gysejnova I.D. (1996): Effect of Equisetum arvense L. on dieresis, Doklady -Akademiya Nauk
Azerbaidzhana, 51 175-179. 3.Soleimani S., Azarbaizani F.F., Nejati V. (2007): The effect of Equisetum
arvense L. (Equisetaceae) in histological changes of pancreatic β-cells in streptozotocin induced Diabetic
in rats, Pak J Biol Sc, 10: 4236-4240.
P.B.26.
BIOMEDICAL POTENTIAL OF ORNITHOGALUM
UMBELLATUM L. 1753
(ASPARAGALES, HYACINTHACEAE)
Milica Rat1, Nilda Dobardžić2, Neda Lakić2, Goran Anačkov1, Biljana
Božin2
University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Scineces, Department of Biology and Ecology, Novi Sad,
Serbia
2
1
Although only Ornithogalum thyrsoides is used in folk medicine, other species of
this widespread genus inside Europe are also interesting for pharmaceutical industry.
Ornithogalum umbellatum L. 1753 is the most common species in Southern and
Eastern Europe. Its bulbs are reach in cardenolide cardiotonic glycosides and in
mucilago. On contrary, in the aerial parts wide range of phenolic compounds
are present. However, untill now only the chemistry of cardiotonic glycosides is
investigated [1]. There is no data on the presence of other classes of biomolecules,
and also on the potential antioxidant activity. Although great morphological and
genetical variability is confirmed for this species, detailed biochemical investigations
conserned to this topic are not performed.
The aerial parts of O. umbellatum are collected during spring of 2011. at four localities:
mauntains Vršački breg (1) and Deli Jovan (3), Deliblato sands (2) and Brza Palanka
(4). Voucher specimens are deposited at the BUNS Herbarium. Air dried herbs were
macerated in 45% ethanol for 24 h at room temperature (1:1 w/v). After maceration,
the extracts were filtered and evaporated to dryness under vacuum. The quantities of
dry extracts were determined gravimetrically. For the evaluation of the total phenolics
and flavonoid content [2] residues were immediately dissolved in water to make 0.1%
and 1% (w/v) stock solutions. Free radical scavenging capacity (RSC) was examined
by measuring the scavenging activity of extracts on 2,2-diphenyl-1-pycrylhydrazil
(DPPH) and hydroxyl radical (OH) [3].
All investigated extracts expressed notable RSC, reducing the DPPH• and OH radical
formation in a dose dependant manner. The most powerfull activity exhibited the
extract prepared from sample 2 (IC50=27.5 µg/mL for neutralisation of DPPH and
62
20.6 µg/mL for OH radical). Although no correlation was obtained between RSC
and content of evaluated classes of phenolics, the correlation with the dry matter was
observed.
Keywords: Ornithogalum umbellatum, biogeochemistry, phenolics, antioxidants
Acknoledgements: The Provincial Secretariat for Science and Technological Development
of Vojvodina (grant number 114-451-2056/2011-01).
References:
1.Ferth, R. et al. (2001): Stapfia, 75: 121-138. 2.Bozin, B. et al. (2008): Food Chem., 111: 925-929. 3.Bozin,
B. et al. (2007): J. Agric. Food Chem., 55(19): 7879 -7885.
P.B.27.
HPLC ANALYSIS OF THE SECOIRIDOID GLYCOSIDES AND
MANGIFERIN CONTENT IN METHANOL EXTRACT AND
ITS FRACTIONS OF GENTIANA ASCLEPIADEA L. ROOTS
Vladimir Mihailović1, Danijela Mišić2, Slavica Solujić1, Milan
Mladenović1, Milan S. Stanković3
Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića
12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; 2Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, University
of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; 3Department of Biology
and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000
Kragujevac, Serbia
1
Gentiana asclepiadea L. is a perennial plant belonging to the genus Gentiana (fam.
Gentianaceae). The major bioactive constituents of G. asclepidea are secoiridoids,
xanthones, and flavone-C-glycosydes [1,2]. Secoiridoids (e.g. swertiamarin,
gentiopicrine and sweroside) are the bitter principles in various gentians which are
used for preparation of bitter tonics. In addition, secoiridoid glycosides have a variety
of biological effects, such as anti-tumor, fungitoxic and hepatoprotective activities.
According to the literature, xanthone compounds often exhibit a wide range of
biological and pharmacological activities, eg, antioxidative, hypoglycemic, antiviral,
antibacterial and hepatoprotective [3]. The aim of this study was to determine
amounts of secoiridoid glycosides (gentiopicrine, swertiamarin and sweroside) and
xanthone compound mangiferin in methanol extract and its chloroform, ethyl acetate
and n-butanol fractions of G. asclepidea roots by HPLC-DAD analyses. Extracts were
chromatographically separated, and amounts of secoiridoids and mangiferin were
quantified using calibration curves of the corresponding standards. Results indicate
that secoiridoid compounds; sweroside, swertiamarin and gentiopicrine exist in G.
asclepiadea root extracts at different amounts, depending on the solvent used for
63
the extraction. All values were expressed on a dry mass basis of extracts in mg/g.
The results (Figure 1) showed that the most abundant secoiridoid compound in
the extracts was gentiopicrine, and its amount varied within the range of 14.39 to
442.89 mg/g, depending on the extraction procedure. The sweroside contents in the
extracts were 1.52-27.85 mg/g, while the swertiamarin contents ranged from 5.74
to 16.62 mg/g. The n-butanol fraction possessed the highest amount of secoiridoid
compounds and its swertiamarin, sweroside and gentiopicrine contents were found
to be 16.62, 27.85 and 442.89 mg/g of extract, respectively.
Figure 1. Secoirridoid compounds
No detectable amounts of mangiferin were found in roots extracts of G. asclepiadea.
Obtained results suggest that G. asclepidea root, especially n-butanol fraction, was a
rich source of bioactive secoiridoid compounds.
Keywords: Gentiana asclepiadea L., secoiridoid glucosides, HPLC-DAD
Acknowledgements: This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technological
Development of the Republic of Serbia (project No. III 43004).
References:
1. Szücs Z. et al. (2002) Chromatographia. 56 Suppl., S-19-S-23. 2. Mpondo E.. et al. (1988) Planta Med.
54: 185-186.
3. Struwe L., Albert V. (2002) Gentianaceae-systematics and natural history, Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge
64
P.B.28.
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN GALLING INSECTS AND
PLANT TOTAL PHENOLİC CONTENTS IN Rosa canina L.
GENOTYPES
Saliha Coruh1, Sezai Ercisli2
1Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University 25240 ErzurumTurkey; 2Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University
25240 Erzurum-Turkey,
This study aimed to determine interactions between gall induction by Diplolepis sp.
and leaf total phenolic content in Rosa canina genotypes. A total 20 Rosa canina
genotypes with and without insect damage has been selected in different parts of
Northeast Anatolia and the leaf samples collected in July 2009. Total phenolic content
was estimated by the Folin–Ciocalteu colorimetric method and expressed as gallic
acid equivalents (GAE) in mg/g dry weight. The results showed that seven genotypes
without insect damage had significantly greater total phenol content in its leaves
compared to insect damaged R. canina plants. These results clearly indicate that
total phenolic content in R. canina genotypes that had no galling insect damage may
have an important part of chemical defense of R. canina plants against Diplolepis sp.
This may have also suggested that these resistant genotypes against galling insect are
important for sustainable and organic rose hip production.
Keywords: Rosa canina, galling insect, Diplolepis spp, total phenolics
P.B.29.
SATUREJA MONTANA L. THE HISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS
OF GLANDULAR TRICHOMES
Marija Marin 1, Lia Ascensao2, Slavica Grujić 1 and Petar D. Marin2
Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”, Faculty of Biology, University of
Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia 2Centro de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciencias da
Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
1
Satureja montana L. winter savory, is an aromatic species, used as spice and as a
traditional medicinal plant, widely distributed in the submediterranean region.
S. montana has antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic and immune
stimulating effects. Considering the importance of this medicinal plant, due to
essential oils produced in glandular trichomes, in this study we investigated the
65
histochemistry of the secretion products of glandular trichomes on the leaves of
S montana.
Histochemical analysis were performed on hand – sections of fresh leaves using the
following tests: FeCl3 for phenols [1], K2Cr2O7 for tannins [2] and Sudan IV for lipids
[3]. Standard control procedures were carried out simultaneously. The observations
were made under a Leitz Dialux light fluorescence microscope HBO 50W blok filter
A – excitation wavelenght were BP 340 – 380. Results of histochemical tests showed
positive reaction to phenolic and tanin compounds in secretory heads of both type
of glandular trichomes, with brown colour. Staining with Sudan IV for lipids gave
a positive reaction showing dark red colour in subcuticular spaces of peltate and in
stalk cells of capitate trichomes.
Figure 1. Glandular trichomes
The examined stains showed certain differences in colour of secreted material
between peltate and capitate trichome, and we can conclude about them with detailed
chemical analyses. Strong red autofluorescence of the secreted material was observed
also with CLSM.
Keywords: Satureja montana, glandular trichome, histochemistry
Acknowledgments
1 We are grateful to the Serbian Ministry of Science and Technologies for the financial
support, Project No. 173029.
2 We are grateful to the Center for laser and confocal microscopy, Faculty of Biology,
University of Belgrade
References:
1. Johansen, D. A. (1940). Plant Microtech. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2. Gabe, M. (1968). Techniques
histologiques. Masson and Cie,Paris. 3. Pearse, A. G. E. (1985). Histochemistry: theoretical and applied.
Vol. II, 4th ed. Longman
66
P.B.30.
Evaluation of the biological effects and
phenolic content of mountain germander
(Teucrium montanum L.)
Milan S. Stanković1, Mila Jukić2, Franko Burčul2, Mladen Miloš2, Olivera
Politeo2, Ivana Carev2
Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Kragujevac, Serbia; 2Faculty of
Chemistry and Technology, Department of Biochemistry, Split, Croatia;
1
Mountain germander (T. montanum - Lamiaceae) is a perennial, shrub-like plant
with half-ligneous branches, up to 25 cm high and inhabits thermophilic calcareous
rocks, dry mountain meadows and edges of forests in Europe and Anatoly. T.
montanum is a popular medicinal species of Teucrium genus and is used as a diuretic
and in the treatment of digestive and respiratory diseases. In the present study,
antioxidative potential, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), total phenolic
content as well as flavonoid concentration of methanolic, acetone and ethyl acetate
extracts from T. montanum were investigated. Antioxidative potential was assayed
using three methods: Ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP), Briggs-Rauscher
oscillating reaction and ability to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)
radicals. FRAP values were between 90 and 734 µmol Fe2+ equ/l. Results for BriggsRauscher oscillating reaction were expressed as a time (in minutes) requierd for
regeneration of osscillations and obtained values were: 30.0 for methanolic, 10.0 for
acetone, while ethyl acetate extract had no activity. DPPH results were expressed as
IC50 values rangeing from 44.12 to 200.32 µg/ml. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase
was measured using slightly modified Ellman’s method and results indicate a weak
inhibitory activity of extracts. Total phenolic content was determined using FolinCiocalteu reagent and the values ranged from 70.23 up to 163.26 mg of GA/g of
extract. The concentration of flavonoids in various plant extracts of T. montanum was
determined using spectrophotometric method with aluminum chloride. The values
of flavonoid content in plant extracts ranged from 49.17 up to 75.41 mg of RU/g of
extract. Methanolic extract was most active in comparison with other extracts for all
measurments. The results suggest the great value of T. montanum as a rich source of
phenolic compounds with an effective biological activity.
Keywords: Teucrium montanum L., phenolic content, flavonoids, antioxidant activity
References:
1. Benzie, IFF. & Strain, JJ. (1996) Analytical Biochem. 239:70-76. 2. Briggs, TS & Rauscher, WCJ. (1973)
Chem. Educ. 50:496. 3. Ellman, GL. et al., (1961) Biochem. Pharm. 7:88-95.
67
P.B.31.
Population variability in secondary
metabolites content of Teucrium chamaedrys
L. from localities in Serbia and Bosnia and
Herzegovina
Milan S. Stanković1, Marina Topuzović1, Slavica Solujić2, Zora DajićStevanović3, Dragana Pavlović1, Gorica Đelić1, Vladimir Mihailović2
Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Kragujevac, Serbia; 2Faculty of Science,
Department of Chemistry, Kragujevac, Serbia; 3Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade, Serbia;
corresponding author: [email protected]
1
Wall germander, Teucrium chamaedrys L. – Lamiaceae is a perennial herbaceous plant
with half-ligneous and shrub-like low stem up to 30 cm high. The plant inhabits rocky
limestone areas, dry mountain meadows and pastures, the edge of the sparse oak
and pine forest up to 1000 meters above sea level in Central Europe, Mediterranean
region and Western Asia. T. montanum is medicinal species of Teucrium genus
and used in the treatment of digestive disorders, abscesses, gout and conjunctivitis
and in stimulation of fat and cellulite decomposition. Total phenolic content and
flavonoid concentrations in acetone extracts obtained from T. chamaedrys of two
natural populations from Serbia (Trgovište, south Serbia and Paraćin, central Serbia)
and one from Bosnia and Herzegovina (Gornji Vakuf, central BiH) were investigated
and compared. The above-ground parts of plants were collected during the flowering
phase and the acetone extracts were prepared. The total phenolic content of the
extracts was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and expressed as gallic acid
equivalent - mg of GA/g of extract. The obtained values varied between 70.58 mg
GA/g and 170.52 mg GA/g of extract. The concentration of flavonoids was determined
using AlCl3 and expressed as rutin equivalent - mg of Ru/g of extract. The obtained
values for flavonoid concentrations varied between 76.85 mg Ru/g and 87.06 mg
Ru/g of extract. The results obtained in the analysis point out that the concentration
of secondary metabolites depend on the ecological properties of the plant habitats.
Keywords: Teucrium chamaedrys L., phenolic content, flavonoids
References:
1. Josifović, M. (1974) Flora SR Srbije. SANU. Beograd. 2. Sarić, M. (1989) Lekovite biljke SR Srbije.
SANU. Beograd. 3. Stanković, SM. et al, (2010) J. Med. Plant. Res. 4:2092-2098.
68
P.B.32.
TOTAL POLYPHENOL CONTENTAND ASSESSMENT OF
ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF
SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANTS
Rachid Kacem¹, Sara Talbi¹, Yasmina Hemissi ¹, Sofia Bouguttoucha ¹
1 Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Ferhat Abbas University, Department of Biology, Sétif
19000, Algeria
The present work aims to assess the total polyphenolic content and In vitro antioxidant
and antibacterial activities of aqueous and methanol extracts of three selected
medicinal plants used in traditional medicine; Eucalyptus globules, Peganum
harmala and Nigella sativa. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by applying two
methods; ß-carotene bleaching assay and the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)
free-radical scavenging assay. The aqueous and MeOH extracts were evaluated for
antimicrobial activity against clinically important bacteria E.coli 25922 ATCC
(American Type Culture Collection), S.aureus 25923 ATCC, P.aeruginosa 27853
ATCC using agar diffusion technique. The MeOH extracts presented high levels of
polyphenolic compounds (up to 333 ± 0.77 µg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) / mg plant
extract. The antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the three selected medicinal
plants were found to be dose dependent with polyphenols concentration. The
alcoholic extracts displayed stronger antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity than
did water extracts. Using the DPPH free-radical scavenging assay The MeOH extract
of E. globulus showed the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 = 14.8 ± 0.61μg /ml).
The test of β-carotene bleaching indicates that the MeOH extract of E. globulus
showed the highest percentage of the antioxidant activity (69.9%). Results of this
study demonstrate that leafs extracts of E. globulus possess strong antimicrobial and
antioxidant properties and therefore could be used in pharmaceutical industries.
Keywords: polyphenol, Plant, Antioxidant, Reactive oxygen species, Antibacterial
activity
Acknowledgements: The authors are thankful to Pr. Farida sahli, Department of Medicine,
University Hospital for providing bacteria strains and Dr. Saliha Dahamna Faculty of Natural
Sciences and Life, Ferhat Abbas University for technical assistance.
References:
1.Kartal, N., Sokmen, M., Tepe, B., Daferera, D., Polissiou, M., Sokmen., A. (2007) Food Chemistry.
100: 584–589. 2. Lu YR., Foo LY., (2000). Food Chem 68: 81-85.3. Hernandez M., Logez R.(1994) J.
Ethnopharmacology 41:115-119. 4. Quinto, E. A. and M.G. Santos. (2005). Microbiology. A Guidebook
to Plant Screening: Phytochemical and Biological, 2nd Ed., Manila, UST Publishing House, pp.67-87. 5.
Li, H.B., Cheng, K.W., Wong, C.C., Fan, K.W., Chen, F., Jiang, Y. (2007). Food chemistry. 102: 771-776.
69
P.B.33.
ESSENTIAL OIL POLYMORPHYSM IN THREE THYMUS L.
SPECIES FROM SERBIA
Ivan Šoštarić1, Mirjana Petrović2,Zora Dajić Stevanović1
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, , Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia;
2
Institute for Forage Crops, 37251 Globoder, Kruševac, Serbia;
1
Species of genus Thymus L. are well known for their medicinal and aromatic
properties. In this work we included one population of Th. praecox, one population
of Th. moesiacus and four populations of Th. balcanus, which all belong to subsection
Pseudomarginati. Dried leaves of each sample were examined by thermal desorptiongas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The essential oil components were
identified by comparing retention indices (calculated against an n-alkane series) and
by comparing mass spectra with published data. In population of Th. praecox the
dominant components were (E)-Caryophyllene and γ-Cadinene (20.48% and 17.84%
respectively) and in Th moesiacus dominant component was α-Terpinyl acetate
(66.59%). In two populations of Th. balcanus Linalyl acetate was the dominant
component ranging from 22.94% to 33.89%, in one population geranial (19.06%)
was the major component and in one it was Linalool (34.42%) In order to establish
relationship between examined populations of Thymnus the total 75 compounds of
essential oils was statistically analyzed through cluster analysis and PCA.
Keywords: Thymus, Essential Oils, PCA
Acknowledgements: Ministry of Science and Technological development of the Republic of
Serbia for financial support (Project number TR 31089).
References:
1.Dajić Stevanović, Z., and I. Šoštarić (2006). Proceedings of the 4th Conference on Medicinal and
Aromatic Plants of South-East European Countries, 28-31 May, Iasi, Romania, 63-71. 2. Morales, R.
(1986). Taxonomía Ruizia 3, 1-324.
3. Thompson, J. D., Manicacci, D., and M. Tarayre (1998). BioScience 48, 805–815. 4. Sáez, F., and E.
Stahl-Biskup (2002). Thyme: The Genus Thymus. Taylor and Francis, London and New York.
70
SESSION C
ETHNOBOTANY AND
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
PLENARY LECTURES
PL.C.1.
Patterns in the use of wild green vegetables
across the globe
Łukasz Łuczaj
Department of Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszów, Werynia, 36100 Kolbuszowa, Poland
The green parts of plants have probably been consumed by humans since the origins
of our species. However, the extent to which they occur in human diets varies
considerably.
In the 1950s Wasson introduced the concept of mycophilous and mycophobous
cultures, i.e. those which like and those which avoid fungi in their diet. In 2008 I
introduced a parallel distinction – herbophilous and herbophobous – for cultures
which use and do not use wild green vegetables.
The most herbophilous cultures can be found in Eastern Asia – in China, Korea,
Japan and parts of Indochina, where dozens of species of wild green vegetables can be
used in one village. In some other parts of the world wild green vegetables are widely
consumed and appreciated, although not necessarily so many species per village.
Here we can mention India, parts of Africa, Italy, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Greece.
On the other side of the spectrum are countries where either meat, fruit or/and starch
rich staples dominate the diet. Here we can mention Amazonia, Polynesia, the Arctic
and northern Europe. These cultures can be classified as herbophobous.
The distinction is not always clear and some cultures remain somewhere in the middle
of the spectrum, e.g. Spain (slightly herbophilous) or Poland (slightly herbophobous).
Transformation in the level of herbophilia/phobia can happen over time. For
example in Poland, a few hundred years ago at least, a few wild green vegetable
species were widely used, this was reduced to two (Chenopodium, Rumex) in the
mid-20th century and one (Rumex) at the end of the 20th century. In Poland wild
vegetables were replaced by cultivated ones. Another reason for the disappearance of
eating wild greens is an association with famine. Only in countries which associate
eating a variety of wild greens with health (e.g. China and Japan) can such customs
be effectively preserved once the population gets richer and can afford a large choice
of cultivated vegetables.
Keywords: ethnobotany, herbophilia, herbobphobia, wild food plants
73
PL.C.2.
ETHNOBOTANY IN THE BALKANS AND ITS POTENTIAL
FOR THE FUTURE
Andrea PIERONI
Food and Medical Botany, Ethnobotany, and Ethnobiology, University of Gastronomic
Sciences Pollenzo/Bra, Italy
Corresponding author: [email protected]; www.andreapieroni.eu
The Balkan region represents in Europe a unique arena for conducting ethnobiological
studies, given its remarkable bio-cultural diversities. Moreover, the modern
ethnobotany was born at the end of 19th Century also here in Sarajevo, with the work
of the Austrian physician/dermatologist Leopold Glück.
I will show a few examples from recent field ethnobotanical studies conducted in
Northern Albania, in the Serbian/Bosniak Sandjak, and in the Romanian Dobruja
and I will try to analyse how medicinal plant perceptions are strongly influenced
by different cultural settings and how the recorded medicinal plant uses may be
sometimes very different from those propagated by the Western evidence-based
phytotherapy.
Additionally, to cross-culturally analyse different perceptions of medicinal plants
can also enlighten human ecological research questions, such us how human plant
knowledge changes over time.
Despite a recent growing interest in ethnobotanical studies in the Balkans, very
important future research trajectories should focus on:
- plant uses within communities living on “cultural borders”;
- traditional plant Knowledge and its transformation among minority groups and/or
new diasporas;
- more stringent links to possible research applications in the fields of: medical
herbalism, eco-tourism, sustainable rural development, material and immaterial
cultural heritage, eco-museology, local and neglected specialty foods, and culturallysensitive public health/nutritional policies devoted to diverse ethnic groups.
Keywords: medicinal plants, ethnobotany, flora, Balkan
74
SESSION LECTURES
SL.C.1.
AN ETHNOBOTANICAL SURVEY OF INNER-WEST
ANATOLIA, TURKEY
Mustafa Kargıoğlu1,2, Süleyman Cenkci1, Ahmet Serteser1, Muhsin
Konuk1
Address: Faculty of Science and Literatures, Biology Department, Afyon Kocatepe University,
03030 Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
1
This study is focused on ethnobotanical usages of wild plants growing within
the Afyonkarahisar province districts of Sinanpaşa, Hocalar and Dazkırı.
Ninety local informants in 11 villages were interviewed. A total of 129 different
usages of wild plants in the study area were recorded. Out of 650 plant species
commonly present, 93 plant taxa (14.3%) belonging to 43 families were used for
medicinal (52 citations), foodstuff (37 citations), fodder (14 citations), dye (six
citations), firewood (five citations), construction materials (four citations) and
miscellaneous purposes (11 citations). At least 15% of the information regarding
ethnobotanical uses of wild plants was obtained by showing herbarium voucher
samples to the informants. It was noted that Sideritis leptoclada and Verbascum
stenostachyum are endemic to Turkey and their endangered status has markedly
increased in recent years because of increased collecting for ethnobotanical
purposes. Informants indicate that members of the younger generation have a
much reduced interest in ethnobotanical knowledge and that this is a danger to
the continued use of local plants.
Keywords: Ethnobotany, Afyonkarahisar (Turkey), Endemic Anatolian plants,
Economic plants
75
SL.C.2.
TRADITIONAL USES OF WILD PLANTS IN THE MIDDLE
AEGEAN REGION OF TURKEY
Mustafa Kargıoğlu1,2, Süleyman Cenkci1, Ahmet Serteser1, Muhsin
Konuk1, Gürsel Vural1
Address: Faculty of Science and Literatures, Biology Department, Afyon Kocatepe University,
03030 Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
1
This study investigated ethnobotanical uses of wild plants found on Honaz Mountain
and its vicinity in Denizli Province in the middle Aegean region of Turkey. Eightyone persons from 13 villages and six townships were interviewed. Nine hundred
and sixty-four species, belonging to 60 plant families, were identified for which 381
different uses were recorded. Informants reported ethnobotanical uses for 19% of the
identified species (184 out of 964): food (65), fodder (111), medicinal (119), firewood
(28), handicrafts (16) and various other purposes (26). Medicinal tar production was
particularly noted. We note that the oral transmission of traditional knowledge from
older to younger generations is declining in the region. Consequently, this research
is important to document this valuable information and to provide the basis for the
development of an urgent project to encourage the local people to preserve their
ethnobotanical knowledge.
Keywords: Traditional Wild Plant Uses, Ethnobotany, Local Ecological Knowledge
Medicinal Tar Production, Denizli (Turkey)
SL.C.3.
Commonly Used Aromatic and Medicinal Plants
in Antakya (Hatay-Turkey)
1
Volkan Altay1 and İbrahim İlker Özyiğit2
Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Biology Department, Antakya,
Hatay, Turkey 2Marmara University, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Biology Department,
Göztepe, Istanbul, Turkey
Antakya is located on the banks of the Orontes River (36°12′N 36°09′E / 36.2°N
36.15°E), approximately 22 km inland from the Mediterranean coast. The city is in
a valley surrounded by mountains, the Amanos to the north and Mount Keldağ to
the south, with the 440 m high Mount Habib Neccar forming its eastern limits. It is
80 m above sea level, with a population 683,991 and a population density of 256.6
76
inhabitants per square kilometer (Turkstat, 2010). Antakya has a Mediterranean
climate with an average annual temperature of 16- 21°C and rainfall of 570-1,160 mm.
One of the typical climate features of the Antakya is that the wind blows primarily
from the south-west. Additionally, due to its higher altitude, Antakya has slightly
cooler temperatures than the coast (Doğanlar and Atmaca, 2011).
Antakya is one of the three largest cities of the Roman Empire and capital city of the
east. It is the first city where Christianism is expanded besides Jerusalem. It has the
second largest museum of mosaics in the world. Hatay is one of the most cosmopolitan
provinces of Turkey, home to communities of various races and religions including
Turks, Arabs and Armenians, Sunni and Alevi Muslims and Christians of many
denominations. The High Council of Monuments and Immovable Cultural Properties
declared Antakya on 15th Nov ember 1985 (IHS, 2011).
Although the port of Iskenderun has become the largest city in Hatay, Antakya is a
provincial capital still of considerable importance as the centre of a large district. The
draining of Lake Amik and development of land has caused the region’s economy to
grow in wealth and productivity.The economy relies of agriculture (cereals, olives,
citrus fruits, corn, cotton, and mulberries), soap production, olive oil, silk and cotton
textiles, honey and beeswax production. Flora includes the bay trees and myrtle
(Sangun et al., 2007).
In this study, aromatic and medicinal plants, which are commonly used by the local
community, were obtained from nature, neighborhood markets and herbal shops
in Antakya, Turkey in 2010 and 2011. Their botanical names, families, specimens,
local names, treated ailments, used parts, preparations, administrations, number
therapeutic effects, used dosages, duration of the treatment were presented.
Keywords: Aromatic plants, Medicinal plants, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey
References:
Turkstat, (2010), The official web site of Turkish Stastistic Institution, http://www.turkstat.gov.tr .
Ihs, (2010), The official web site of International Society for Horticultural Science, http://www.ishs.org.
Doğanlar and Atmaca, (2011), J Environ Biol, 28(4) 731-733.
Başgel S. and Erdemoğlu S.B., (2006), Sci Total Environ 359: 82- 89.
77
SL.C.4.
SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS OF KAYSERİ AND THEIR
TRADITIONAL USES, TURKEY
Ahmet Aksoy and Sevil Albayrak
University of Erciyes, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 38039 Kayseri-Turkey
In this study, some medicinal plants in Kayseri province of Turkey, and their traditional
applications were investigated. Scientific excursions have been made through many
districts and their villages of Kayseri in various seasons. As a result of study, 348 plants
used with medicinal, aromatic and other purposes were reported. Most used families
were Compositae, Labiatae and Rosaceae. It is determined that 246 of these plants were
used for medicinal purposes. 70 of these plants were used as food, 8 in dying, 24 as both
drug and food, 1 as perfume and in producing broom. 9 of these plants were determined
to toxic effects. These medicinal plants have been mostly used in diseases of the digestive
system (stomach, intestine), respiration system (influenza, cough), excretion system
(kidney, as diuretic), circulation system and diabetes. They have been used as antiseptic,
sedative, wound healing and blood pressure regulating properties, as well.
Keywords: medicinal plant, folk medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
SL.C.5.
THE ETHNOBOTANICAL ASPECTS OF GENUS Pinus L.
(PINACEAE) IN TURKEY
1
Ece Sevgi1, Çağla Kızılarslan1
Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University,
Fatih/İstanbul, Turkey
Genus Pinus L. (Pinaceae) is one of the most important and widespread genus of
Gymnospermae in terms of species in northern hemisphere. There are 5 Pinus L.
species naturally growing in Turkey. These are Pinus brutia Ten, Pinus halepensis
Miller, Pinus nigra Arn., Pinus pinea L. and Pinus sylvestris L. The total diffusion area
of Pinus L. forests is approximately 10.91 million hectare in Turkey. There are a lot of
settlements inside or near these wide forest lands. Because of this closeness between
forests and settlements, the usages of Pinus L. species is very common among local
people in Turkey. Besides pine wood has very different uses, because of this it has
first-order importance in trade.
78
In this study, 130 ethnobotanical and traditional medicinal studies in Turkey which
were made in different areas are examined and the usages of Pinus L. taxa are
determined inside 56 of them. According to the results of the identifications, the
most frequently used species are Pinus brutia Ten and Pinus nigra Arn. respectively.
Pinus halepensis Miller has a narrow distrubition in Turkey. Because of this limited
distrubition, there isn’t any record about ethnobotanical usage of it inside examined
literatures. Pinus brutia Ten, Pinus nigra Arn., Pinus pinea L. and Pinus sylvestris L. are
used as, in mostly traditional medicine such as common cold, flu, cough, shortness of
breath, stomachache, gastritis, asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, diabetes,
psoriasis, goiter, hemorrhoids, wounds, abscess etc. These species are also used as
food, veterinary medicine, cosmetic, natural dye source, firewood, timber, boat care,
insecticides, beeplants, making handycrafts (woodwork like containers, spoons, staff,
toys, pipes, musical instruments) in Turkey. The mostly used plant part’s are root,
stem, branch, bark, leaf, cone, seed, resin and tar.
Keywords: Pinus, Ethnobotany, Turkey
SL.C.6.
Ethobatanical Studies of Traditional Medicine
of Sukur Cultural Land-Scape
Areo Adebowale Biodun (Ph.D)1, Anthony Ifeayin Okede2
¹National Commission for Museums and Monuments, No 16 Cotonou Street, Wuse Zone 6,
Abuja, Nigeria ²Plot 18 Patrick O Bokkor crescent, Jabi District, Abuja, Nigeria
Corresponding author: [email protected]; [email protected]
Sukur was declared a World Heritage Site in 1999. It is a traditional society where
human beings who are over 25,000 hill-top settlers enjoy an intimate relationship
with the ambient vegetation. They have up to date depended on herbs for their health
care needs. Much of the traditional knowledge of these herbalists passed orally from
generation to generation in this unlettered society is still extant in many parts of the
world. Yet it has not been studied by specialist of modern civilization. Many factors
put these wonderful plants in grave danger of being extinct, they are: Bush burning,
hunting, soil erosion, land pressure and deforestation. The Nigerian Natural Medicine
Development Agency (NMMBA), UNESCO and other Federal Government of
Nigeria’s Agencies collaborated to carry out a detailed inventory of the Medicinal
and Aromatic Plants of Sukur as a WHS. The main objective was to slow down or
stop all activities that may lead to the extinction of these MAPS. A total of fifteen
experts comprising of botanists, foresters, pharmacologists, traditional hunters and
local herbalists partook in a four-week survey, using Rapid Assessment Method.122
plant species belonging to 58 families were encountered as having herbal remedy for
the Sukur people. The survey ended with a two-day workshop for the stakeholders
79
such as hunters, blacksmiths, farmers and traditional healers on the sustainable use
of their bio-resources.
Keywords: Ethnobotany, study, traditional medicine
SL.C.7.
THE RESURGENCE AND GROWING POPULARITY OF
MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS IN MODERN DAY
AFRICA
Gabriel Adegoke, Akolawole Abiodun, Samuel Ovoriode Ovburie
Kosofe Local Government Council, Ikere Ekiti, Ekiti State Department: Department of
Medicinal Plants Research. College of Education, Ikere Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
Corresponding author: [email protected]; [email protected]
Since the ancient times in the continent of Africa which Nigeria is part of our
traditional medicine known as herbal medicines derived from medicinal plants was
our only mode of treatment and even source of food to us and our livestock (domestic
animals). It remained so for ages because our fore-fathers were so successful with the
usage of these herbal medicines until few/recent decades ago when the popularity
or acceptance of the herbs was reduce due to the facts that there were no proper
documented records kept or recorded by our fathers couple with the fact that most of
the plant species were not preserved or cultivated. These amongst other reasons made
majority of our people abandon the herbs until in the recent past decades when there
has been a resurgence in the acceptance of herbs again due to knowledge/ popular
awareness that wide range of drugs of which are not derived from plants have drastic
after effect detrimental to health. It is also a common knowledge that some of the
other medicines are sub-standard, without the required components that may have
been lost during manufacturing process and some even turned poisonous much
earlier before their expiration dates.
The recent resurgence and popular acceptance of botanical medicine is even growing by
the day as people are aware that herbs work wonderfully well with few or no side effect.
Researchers have been encouraged to work tremendously well since the 19,h century
studying the plants and identifying their constituents. It has been established that
herbal medicines are very effective for illness and some of the herbs have several
purposes, the effects of which made herbal medicine institution categorized them
into primary, secondary and tertiary effects. They contain lots of properties that
must always be put into consideration such as the warming or cooling properties.
However, in this modern day, herbal and pharmaceutical components are promoting
some herbs.
80
Botanical medicine is both simple and sophisticated. Most people these days have
privilege to treat their sickness effectively with information/tips recorded in some
good books by herbal medicine researchers/institutes. It is even of more great relief
to a lot of more people that herbs now come in many forms: tablets/pills, extracts,
powdery form, bulk and as tea. With this latest development, any individual can
choose any form of herb that will be convenient for his or her use.
In recent time, researchers are establish the fact that dosage of herbal medicines has
to be properly adhere to as some users tends to take too little or over dose which
in some cases affect the desired result. In conclusion, because of the increasing
acceptance and popularity of herbal medicine, all sectors concerned are relentless
in their efforts to make the product readily available which even the majority who
are underprivileged are benefiting from as it is very affordable. Now the forestry,
workers, farmers, researcher, pharmaceutical, drug companies, medical laboratory
scientists are working together. Presently about 25% of drugs are derived from
medicinal plants.
Keywords: ethnobotany, tradicional medicine, Africa
Acknowledgments: Extract from Health Journal of July 2001 title “New Dawn for Health
In Africa” Courtesy:- Dr. Gabriel Adegoke and Dr. Akolawole Abiodun Kosofe Local Govt.
Council. Department of Medicinal Plants Research
SL.C.8.
THE ETHNOBOTANY OF THE HIGHLANDERS OF
LUKOMIR, BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA:
A CROSS-CULTURAL APPROACH TO TREATING DIABETES
Jonathan Ferrier1,2, Lana Šačiragić3, Sulejman RedžiĆ4, Emira AlikadiĆ5
Michael BaliCK2, John ArnasoN1
1 University of Ottawa, Centre for Research in Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals,
Ottawa, Canada; 2 The New York Botanical Garden, Institute of Economic Botany, Bronx,
USA; 3University of Ottawa, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ottawa, Canada;
4 University of Sarajevo, Center of Ecology and Natural Resources, Sarajevo, Bosnia
and Herzegovina ; 5 Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Foundation for Sustainable
Development, Sarajevo, BiH
This article is the first presentation of wild medicinal plants used by the native Highlanders
of Lukomir, Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). The Highlanders of Lukomir are a
community of 60 semi-nomadic Bosniak families. Many Highlanders of Bjelašnica were
historically Bogomil – a heretical medieval Balkan sect. Their seasonal migrations still
take Lukomir’s shepherds through Bjelašnica’s mountain pastures and to their summer
81
homes in Lukomir. In the summers of 2008 and 2010, we consulted 25 of Lukomir’s elders
and herbalists, who cited 64 species from 40 families for use as adaptogens or remedies.
The average consensus on individual plant use was five, while a maximum consensus
reached 15. There was a high local and cross-cultural use of Vaccinium spp. leaves for
the treatment of diabetes. Vaccinium members from B&H were tested in an advanced
glycation end-product (AGE) inhibition assay and were phytochemically analyzed
using HPLC-MS techniques. Ethnobotanical results describe an ancient use of endemic
medicinal plants in Lukomir. High consensus Vaccinium spp. used by Lukomir healers
for diabetes were rich in phenolics and displayed concentration dependent antidiabetic
activity. This work facilitates a post war development initiative between Canada and B&H
for increasing access to health care and conservation of Europe’s most diverse botanical
region, stewarded by one of Europe’s last known tribes.
Keywords: Highlanders of Lukomir, Traditional medicine, Diabetes, Post war
ethnobotany, Ethnopharmacology
Acknowledgements: The Healers of Lukomir, Municipality of Konjic, Canadian International
Development Agency
References: 1. Ferrier, J. et al. (2011). Anti-glycation activity of New and Old World Vaccinium spp.
(Ericaceae) from the Sam van der Kloet Collection for the treatment of type II diabetes. Submitted to:
Botany, September 7, 2011. 2. Redžić, S.S. 2010. Wild medicinal plants and their usage in traditional
human therapy (Southern Bosnia and Herzegovina, W. Balkan). J. Med. Plants Res. 4, 1003–1027. 3.
Redžić, S. et al. (2008). Bosnia and Herzegovina - Land of Diversity: First national Report of Bosnia and
Herzegovina for the Convention on Biological Diversity. Federal Ministry of Environment and Tourism,
Sarajevo.
SL.C.9.
PHYTOTHERAPY IN LIVNO AREA (BOSNIAHERZEGOVINA)
Slobodan BRDAR1, Igor BRDAR1,2
1
Livanjsko bilje/Livno-herbs, 80101 Livno, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
1,2
One of the oldest treatments for century’s man has any herbal medicine, or
phytotherapy.
Phytotherapy is the basis for preserving the health of modern man, and additional
treatment options and dieses prevention. Today, phytotherapy is defined , as method
of treatment, mitigation, and prevention of disease using, whole plants, or parts
thereof and vegetable ingredients/essential oil, teas, tinctures, fat/.
French physician Henri Lecklerc /l870-l955/ introduced an herbal medicine in
the medicine and gave it the scientific name Phytotherapy. Phytotherapy in Livno/
Bosnia- Herzegovina, dates buck hundreds of years. The knowledge of herbal
medicine, for family, or monks, who have recorded and preserved in books. More
82
well-know herbalist in this region for many years successfully treating patients, with
phytotherapy.
From medical circles, I personally do herbal medicine for 3o years. With my company
Achillea doo/ 80101 Livno/BH, www: Sippo2002/Achillea, performed at fairs in
Nuernberg/Germany, Novi Sad/Serbia, Mostar/BH, Sarajevo/BH, and Prijedor/BHand, was known certificate IMO/CH/2002/ Nuernberg Messe/Germany.
The most common plants in the treatment of my patients are: Chamomille, Lemon
balm, marigold, wild onion, gentian, valerian, blueberry, John s worth herb. Those
plants used for different diseases: lung, kidney, skin, menthal health, rheuma, heart
and digestive system. Later I open additional activity for the processing of medicinal
and aromatic plants - Livno herbs/Livanjsko bilje /Livno/BH, and begins with the
cultivation of Chamomillae, Mint, Lemon balm, Calendula, and Buckhweat in small
plantations in Livno field.
In the last teen years especially I started the treatment of infections with oil of
wild oregano and tea with a lot of success. In this region, the representatives of the
companies visited GTZ/Germany, IMO/CH/ and SIPPO/CH/ and the proposed
plantation cultivation of medicinal herbs and spices. Suggestions and assistance are
also provided, Prof. Z. Devetak, Prof. S. Redzic, and Prof. N. Tanovic, from Sarajevo
University. Interest in plantation growing Mint, Lemon balm, Chamomile, Buckwheat,
Marigold and spices, features a company from BA, Croatia, and Italia. With all the
diseases of modern man, with my patients, I give suggestions on nutrition and diet,
and use of medicinal herbs.
Keywords: medicinal and aromatic plants, traditional phytotherapy, cultivation of
medicinal plants
Acknowledgement:
I greet the organizers of the International conference of medicinal and aromatic plants/MAP/
in Sarajevo, and its president Prof. S. Redzic, and all participants, with desire to improve the
cultivation and use of medicinal and aromatic plants in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
83
P.C.1.
1
THE INTRODUCTION OF WATERCRESS AS AN
IMPORTANT MEDICINAL PLANT IN IRANIAN
TRADITIONAL MEDICINE
Sadrollah Ramezani1
Tarbiat Modares University, College of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture Science,
Tehran, I. R. Iran
Watercress (Nasturtium nasturtium-aquaticum, N. microphyllum) belongs to
Brassicaceae family, is most important vegetable crops in the World in terms of
medicinal use. Also, this plant used as fresh vegetable form in Iran. It contains
remarkable amounts of Fe, Ca, Folic acid and less amount of A and C vitamins.
Watercress has been used traditionally in ancient to improve human vigor, baldness
and white jaundice of younger girls. Based on recent research watercress leaf extracts
are currently used as a remedy for breast and lung cancers; improve thyroid function
and indigestion (having digestive acids). Eating watercress regularly could help
protect against cancers. In this review, the use of watercress medicinal plant has been
mentioned.
Keywords: Anticancer, Watercress, Medicinal Plant, Traditional Medicine
P.C.2.
Ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology of
respiratory diseases IN some regions of W.
Balkan
1
Nedžad Prazina1, Sulejman Redžić1
Department of Biology of the Faculty of Science University, 33-35 Zmaja od Bosne St., 71 000
Due to various disturbances in the environment is increasing the proportion of
patients with respiratory diseases. A very high proportion are obstructive lung
disease in relate to climate changes [1]. Especially children suffer from asthma and
bronchitis. In the treatment using antibiotics and other pharmacological means, if
84
it comes to acute diseases. However, in chronic respiratory disease than the classic
drugs, often used in various herbal medicines. Many of them used since ancient times
in traditional phytotherapy, particularly in high altitudes [2, 3].
In order to find effective herbal means in the prevention and treatment of respiratory
diseases are carried out ethno-botanical research in high mountain region of Bosnia and
Herzegovina. It has been use of ethno-botanical interview with 52 adults informants in
various locations (SE Herzegovina; mountains Maglic, Zelengora and Volujak in SE
Bosnia and mountains in surrounding of Sarajevo). It has been determined 35 plant
species used in traditional treatment of respiratory disorders. Most commonly cited
species are: Cetraria islandica, Primula intricata and P. veris, Plantago reniformis, Pinus
mugo, Picea abies, Abies alba, Allium ursinum, Telekia speciosa, Thymus balcanus, Malva
moschata, Orchis sp. (more spcies), Dactylorhiza sp. (more species) and others.
Most used were aerial part of plants in the flower, then leaves, root, bulb and rhizome.
Those plants use to make infusions, decocts, wraps, and “cigarettes.”
Many of the plants should be identified and examined through various laboratory
pharmacological tests in order to put some of them in the use as an official
phytotherapeutics.
Keywords: biodiversity, medicinal plants, traditional phytotherapy
References:
1. Frumkin, H. et al.(2008) Am J Public Health 98, 435-445. 2. Redzic, S.S. ( 2007) Coll Antropol 31,
869-890.
3. Redzic, S. (2006) Proc.1st IFOAM Intern. Conf. Organic Wild Production, 117-141.
P.C.3.
Ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology of
Allium ursinum L. in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Sulejman Redžić1, Osman Delić2
Department of Botany, Faculty of Science University of Sarajevo, 33-35 Zmaja od Bosne, 71
2
PE Protected Area of Kanton Sarajevo, 71 000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
1
The young leaves and bulbs Allium ursinum have always been used in the traditional
diet of inhabitants of the Dinaric mountains (W. Balkan) [1]. In some mountain areas
of Allium ursinum used in traditional medicine [2, 3].
Use of ethno botanical interview of 65 adults (50-83 years, 25 males) tested the use
of ports in traditional medicine. Ethno botanical interviews were conducted in the
mountains Maglić-Volujak-Zelengora, Bjelašnica, Igman near Sarajevo, Vlasic in
central Bosnia and Ravna Gora (around Jajce).
85
All informants consumed young leaves in spring, as a salad. About 50% of them use
of leaves with yoghurt. However, from the leaves and bulbs are made and different
preparations. Milled leaves are placed in olive oil. Preparation stays in the sun 21
to 40 days. Used by one tea spoon of mixture of three times during the day. This
product is used in the treatment of diabetes. Own research in 15 patients aged over
50 years, showed that after 40 days of use of this preparation lowers the blood sugar
up to 30% with Diabetes mellitus type II. There are claims that this product has been
successfully operating with Diabetes Type I.
Bulbs port is put in a strong grape brandy or 21 days. Use about 20 drops, three times
daily in reducing blood fat. Own research suggests that a period of 21 days, more
patients with cholesterol level was lowered to 30%.
Ethno-botanical and ethno-pharmacological experience of Allium ursinum species
indicate the necessity of botanical-clinical research and further check the results
achieved and preliminary pharmacological studies in in vivo conditions.
Keywords: biodiversity, traditional medicine, diabetes
References:
1. Redzic, SJ. (2006)Ecol.Food & Nutr. 45, 3,189-232. 2.Redzic, S.S. ( 2007) Coll Antropol 31, 869-890.
3. Redzic, S. (2006) Proc.1st IFOAM Intern. Conf. Organic Wild Production 117-141.
P.C.4.
TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL USAGES OF ERYNGIUM
SPECIES IN TURKEY
Gülay Ecevit Genç, Emine Akalın
Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Istanbul,
34452 Beyazıt, Istanbul, Turkey
The genus Eryngium L. (Apiaceae, Saniculoideae) comprises about 250 species,
growing in Eurasia, North Africa, North and South America, and Australia. It is the
most species-rich genus of the Apiaceae and includes about four-fifths of the species
of the subfamily Saniculoideae. 24 species (% 46 of endemic) grow in Turkey.
Eryngium species are known in Turkish folk-medicine general as boğadikeni, çalı
dikeni, deve dikeni and are known to contain flavonoids, coumarins, essentials oil,
acetylenes, and triterpene saponins components.
Eryngium species was one of the earliest known remedies, and was declared by
Dioscorides to be a specific against flatulence, hence the name eryngium, derived
from the Latin erynge - Greek erugge (to eruct, to belch).
In Turkish folk medicine species of Eryngium are used for a wide range of ailments; for
example various inflammatory disorders, kidney and urinary tract inflammations,
86
oedema, sinusitis, urinary infections or antitussive, diuretic, appetizer, stimulant
and against wound and burns, snake or scorpion bites, aphrodisiac, hemorrhoids,
and goiter.
Keywords: Eryngium, Turkey, Traditional, Medicinal usage
References:
1.Ecevit Genç, G., (2010). Türkiye’nin Batısında ve Güneyinde Yetişen Eryngium Türleri Üzerinde
Farmasötik Botanik Araştırmalar, University of Istanbul. Health Sciences Institute. Istanbul. 2.Sezik,
E., Yesilada, E., Tabata, M., Honda, G., Takaishi, Y., Fujita, T., Tanaka, T., Takeda, Y., (1997). Traditional
Medicine in Turkey VIII. Folk medicine in East Anatolia; Erzurum, Erzincan, Agri, Kars, Igdir provinces.
Economic Botany 51, 195–211. 3.Baytop, T., (1999). Türkiye’de Bitkilerle Tedavi-Geçmis¸ten Bugüne
(Therapy with Medicinal Plants in Turkey-Past and Present), 169., 2nd ed. Nobel Tıp Basımevi, Istanbul,
Turkey. 4.Yesilada, E., Sezik, E., (2003). Part 28. A survey on the traditional medicine in Turkey: semiquantitative evaluation of the results. In: Singh, V.K., Govil, J.N., Hashmi, S., Singh, G. (Eds.), Recent
Progress in Medicinal Plants. Vol. VII. “Ethnomedicine and Pharmacognosy-II”. Studium Press, LLC,
Houston, Texas, pp. 389–412. 5.Tuzlacı, E., (2005). Geçmişten günümüze Bodrum’da Bitkiler ve Yaşam.
A. Rıza Baskan Güzel Sanatlar Matbaası. Istanbul.
P.C.5.
Ethnobotanical survey in Hamadan (West Iran)
M. Keshavarzi*, F. Habibi Tirtash
Dept. Biology, Faculty of Science, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran
We present the results of an investigation of the traditional ethno botany and
ethno medicine of Hamadan (Iran). In this region medicinal plants are often easily
accessible and a good alternative for most of the population in rural areas and in fact
folk herbal medicine is the most used remedy to cure common diseases. The most
frequently used native species and the most common preparations made from them,
in order to preserve the plant popular knowledge, which has traditionally been used
are presented.
Keywords: Medicinal plants; Ethno medicine; Preparations; Hamadan; Iran
87
P.C.6.
THE MEDICINAL USAGES OF THE MEMBERS OF
APIACEAE FAMILY IN TURKEY, AN OVERVIEW
Çağla Kızılarslan1, Gülay Ecevit Genç2, Emine Akalın2
Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University,
Fatih/İstanbul, Turkey; 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, İstanbul
University, Beyazit/ İstanbul, Turkey
Corresponding author:[email protected]
1
The Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) family is represented by approximately 400 genera
and 3.500 species worldwide (1). Apiaceae family is the 3. largest family in terms
of genus in Turkey. Also in terms of species number, it is the 8. largest family with
approximately 455 species and approximately 33 % of these are endemic (2).
The Apiaceae family is an important reservoir of condiments and medicinal plants.
This family includes many commonly grown vegetables (carrot, parsnip) and
condiments (anise, caraway, coriander, cumin, dill, parsley). They owe their distinctive
flavor largely to diverse volatile compounds in fruits, seeds and leaves, which not only
account for their culinary use but for their wide application in medicine (3). Local
people in Turkey have a long history of medicinal usages for plants, which was gained
through long experiences. The members of Apiaceae family are used mostly as food,
spice and traditional medicine in Turkey.
In this study, different ethnobotanical and traditional medicinal studies which were
made in Turkey are examined. According to the results of the identifications, the
most used taxa are Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman,
Eryngium billardierei Heldr. ex Boiss., Daucus carota L. and Anethum graveolens L.
The most used genus are Eryngium L., Ferula L. and Heracleum L.
Keywords: Apiaceae, Medicinal usage, Turkey
References:
1.Doğan, B. et al. (2010) Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 17(2): 113-120. 2. Özhatay, N. et al. (2008-2009) J.
Fac. Pharm. İstanbul 40: 1-9. 3. Stephen, R.D. et al. (2000) Am J Bot 87(1): 76–95.
88
P.C.7.
LOCAL NAMES AND ETHNOBOTANICAL FEATURES OF
SOME PLANTS IN THE PROVINCE OF USAK (TURKEY)
Ahmet Serteser1, 2, Mustafa Kargıoğlu1, Lütfiye Deniz1, Muhsin Konuk1
Faculty of Science and Literatures, Biology Department, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03030
Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
1
In this study, ethnobotanical features of some plant species which are distributed as
wild or cultivated in the province of Usak (Turkey) was carried out between 2006 and
2007. In this region, 97 taxa belonging to 38 families and 90 genera were determined.
Usages of the plants which have ethnobotanical features are as follows: 72 for medical,
51 for food, 25 for tea, 6 for spices, 6 for ornament plants, 5 for firewood, and others
(26) are used for different purposes.
Keywords: Ethnobotany, Usak (Turkey), Economic plant
P.C.8.
EPILEPSY TREATMENT IN THE GREAT FOLK-MEDICINE
MANUSCRIPT FROM SINJ
Jasna Jablan, Nikola Kujundžić, Dženis Šabulić
Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Analitical Chemistry
University of Zagreb, A.Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
The folk-medicine books – ljekaruše are handwritten collections of recipes for the
make and use of medicine. They were created as a result of the tendency to make
medicine available for the poor and uneducated people who lived far away from the
cities and towns where doctors and official medicine were not available. The folkmedicine books were mostly written by priests, especially the Franciscans who were
the best educated at the time, had contact with the people and knew their problems,
the biggest of which were connected with health. The folk-medicine books represent
a real treasury of data for the study of our ethnic medicine and pharmacy, as well as a
rich source of diverse ethnographic material. Much information about folk-medicine
terminology, names of medical plants and pharmaceutical procedures can be found
in these manuscripts.
A part of the manuscript which deal with epilepsy treatment and a transcript from the
archaic Croatian script called poljička bosančica to the Latin alphabet, which belongs
to the folk-medicine book written by an unknown author from Sinj, is published here
89
for the first time. The folk-medicine book itself is currently kept in the archive of the
Franciscan monastery in Sinj. It was made around 1750, and is now known as The
Great folk-medicine book of Sinj (Velika sinjska ljekaruša). It contains approximately
1700 recipes, in which plants are the most widely used materials. Some of the
materials from the recipes are used even today, and they often represent a subject
of study for biomedical sciences. The Great folk-medicine book of Sinj also contains a
great number of recipes which involve materials of animal origin, while materials of
mineral origin were not so widely used.
Besides its ethnographic value, these folk-medicine books represent an interesting
source of data about treatments with plants that are neglected nowadays, regardless
of possessing healing effects. Despite the development of scientific medicine and
pharmacy, which are also held responsible for the diminishing share of plants
preparations in the market of pharmacy, their application is nevertheless important
and has an important place in the pharmacy science.
Keywords : Folk-medicine manuscript, folk recipes, medicinal plant
References:
1.Kujundžić N., Glibota M., Škrobonja A., Gašparac P., Libar od likarij -The folk-medicine book by
Petar Kaštelan from 1776., Acta med-hist Adriat 2008; 6(1): 15-40. 2. Jeronim Šetka, MP. O. Dr Stanko
Petrov, u: MNP. O. Dru Fra Stanku Petrovu, 1887 – 1963, In Memoriam, ur. K. Kosor, Sinj 1963. P.5 –
13. 3. Wichtl M., Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals, Medpharm, 2004., Scientific Publisher.
P.C.9.
PLANTS DERIVED SKIN CARE PRODUCTS
Fred-Jaiyesimi Adediwura, Odeyemi Tolulope
Department of Pharmacognosy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu Campus. Nigeria
Plant products are commonly utilised in folklore medicines and may be used as
cosmetics recipes to calm, soothe, smoothen, heal, restore and protect the skin.
In this study, information on plants used as cosmetics were obtained from four
targeted areas in the Southwest Nigeria by administering structured questionnaires
in the local language and there were a total of twenty five respondents.
A total of thirty-nine cosmetics recipes with sixty-three plant species from different
families were obtained. The cosmetics recipes obtained in this study revealed the use
of herbal cosmetics products for tattoos, hair care, treatment of skin diseases, body
odour, to freshen and smoothen skin, hair growth, colouring of palms, feet and as
perfume.
Some of the identified plants in the traditional cosmetics recipes of the studied areas
are Eugenia aromaticum, Xylopia aegyptica, Bombax buonopozense, Glorisa superba,
90
Citrullus colocynthis, Delonix regia, Butyrospermum parkii, Borreria filifolia, Cassia
alata, Lawsonia inermis, Cocos nucifera, Grewia venusta, Azadirachta indica and
Anacardium occidentalis.
A comparison of the cosmetics recipes in this study revealed similarities with those
used traditionally in other areas.
Keywords: Traditional cosmetics, recipes, respondents, plants
Reference
Schweta K. Gediya, Urvashi K. Patel, Blessy M and Hitesh N. Jain. (2011)J. Nat prod. Plant Resour. (1):
24 – 32.
91
SESSION D
STANDARDIZATION
IN HERBAL SECTOR
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
SESSION LECTURES
SL.D.1.
PREPARATION, METHOD OF MAKING AND
COMPARATIVE VIEW THE ORIGINAL AND
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD OF SAGE (SALVIA
OFFICINALIS L.)
Tatjana VidoviĆ
Institute for standardisation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Institute for Standardization of Bosnia and Herzegovina prepares, adopts and
publishes in “Official Gazette” standards of Bosnia and Herzegovina: as the original
BAS standards, assumed an International/European standards and if necessary
national standards of other countries through the BAS Technical committees dealing
with specific areas of work. Way of making the original BAS standards in the field
of medical and aromatic plants is determined by the “Model B&H standard” in
accordance with the requirements of CITES and WHO. CITES is abbreviation English
name “Convention on International Trade in Endengered Species of wild Fauna and
Flora” and WHO is abbreviation English name World Health Organisation. 1,2,3 The
aim of the presentation is a comparative overview and introduction of original BAS
– standard - “Sage leaf-Salviae folium” and accepted International standard “Dried
sage Salvia officinalis Linnaeus – Specification” 1,4,5. Due to specific composition and
high quality of medicinal and aromatic plants from Bosnia and Herzegovina, there
is a need for creating original national standards in this field in order to protect
potentially vulnerable and endangered medicinal plant species.
Keywords: standards, medicinal and aromatic plants
References:
1.European pharmacopoeia (2001), Strasbourg, Council of Europe, 4th ed. 2. 2.WHO monographs on
selected medicinal plants (1999), Geneva, vol. 1. 3.CITES species database [database on the Internet;
cited 2011 Sept 10]. Available from: http://www.cites.org/eng/resources/species.html. 4.Technical
committee BAS/TC 23, BAS 1006 (2003): ”Sage leaf-Salviae folium”. “Official Gazette” of the Institute
for standardization of Bosnia and Herzegovina 2003/3-4. 5.Technical committee BAS/TC 23, BAS ISO
11165 (1995): “Dried sage Salvia officinalis Linnaeus – Specification“. “Official Gazette” of the Institute
for standardization of Bosnia and Herzegovina 2007/4.
95
SL.D.2.
Analysis and standardization of ‘Pinda oil’
- an Ayurvedic medicinal oil traditionally
used for inflammations and dermatological
conditions
1
Chandani Ranasinghe1, Ajita M. Abeysekera2, G. M. Kamal B.
Gunaherath1
The Open University of Sri Lanka, Department of Chemistry, Nawala, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka;
2
University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Department of Chemistry, Gangodawila, Nugegoda,
Sri Lanka
The Ayurvedic medicinal oil - ‘Pinda oil’, is a highly effective poly herbal topical
medication widely used in Sri Lanka and India for inflammations and dermatological
conditions such as red skin, itchy skin, cracked skin and eczema. The traditional
process of preparation of ‘Pinda oil’ involves extraction of compounds of the three
plants Rubia cordifolia, Glycyrrhiza glabra and Cryptolepis buchanani into hot water
followed by partitioning into an oil phase with continuous concentration of the
aqueous phase by evaporation.1
Analysis and standardization of ‘Pinda oil’ was a challenging task due to the difficulty
in obtaining a suitable extract of secondary plant metabolites incorporated into the
oil devoid of fatty matter. ‘Pinda oil’ was subjected to liquid-liquid partitioning. The
thin layer chromatographic profiles (‘fingerprints’) of the fractions thus obtained were
developed to identify the constituents. It revealed the presence of pseudopurpurin,
purpurin, xanthopurpurin, rubiadin, alizarin, b - sitosterol, scopoletin, liquiritigenin,
isoliquiritigenin, lupeol acetate and a - amyrin acetate as the major constituents.
A reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed to
standardize ‘Pinda oil’ in terms of the major phenolic constituents present in it. The
extract for the standardization was obtained by solid phase extraction of ‘Pinda oil’
using polyamide as the sorbent. Fatty matter was removed by eluting with iso-octane.
Keywords: Ayurvedic, herbal, medicinal oil, standardization, dermatological
Acknowlegements: National Science Foundation, Prof. U.G.Chandrika
References:
1. Ayurveda Pharmacopoeia (1976), Vol I, Part 1, Department of Ayurveda, Sri Lanka, 281.
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SESSION E
ORGANIC CERTIFICATION AND
SAFETY
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
SESSION LECTURES
SL.E.1.
Planning for community based food and
health security through the cultivation of
plants having food as well medicinal values
Rath S.N 1, Kodali Vijayanthimala 2
MGNIRSA, 17-Gagan Mahal Road, Domalguda, Hyderabad, A.P, India
Tribal communities living in the hilly areas of Northern Andhra Pradesh and the
adjoining areas of Odisha, make use of large number wild plants: some for food,
some for medicine and some for both foods as well for medicine. In a study among
the Kandha, a community of this area, we found that it makes use of around 56
different plants for both medicine and food. Among these plants some are found to
be amenable for cultivation.
The Kandha is a community of marginal farmers, and in certain locations they also
supplement their economy from forest collections. In Andhra Pradesh as well as in
Odisha, the community is classified as a Primitive Tribal Group (PTG) on the basis
of their poverty, among other criteria.
An intervention strategy to induce the Kandha to cultivate such plants having both
food and medicinal value may be able to take care of food basket as well their health
needs to some extent while adding a healthy component to the environment and the
eco-system of the area.
Keywords: Tribal, Kandha, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, and Food Security
99
SL.E.2
Status of Medicinal and Herbal plants
Production and Research in Sudan
Awatif Ahmed Mohammed Ahmed
Head Department of Agro technology
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Institute (MAPRI), Sudan
The paper highlights and outlines the status of research and production in Sudan
and speaks about the National Program for developing the production of Medicinal
and Aromatic Plants and spices which has been adopted by the Department of Agro
technology. It also speaks about the efforts exerted by different sections in Sudan for
Quality assurance; such efforts include establishing of quality standards for medicinal
and aromatic plants and good agricultural practice. It also high lights the activities
of the NGO’s and private sector endeavors. Also it covers the Constrains facing
production and the Recommendation for promoting Medicinal and herbal Plants
production as Establishment of National Organization comprising organizations
those working in the same field to be responsible for improving the quality standards
of Medicinal and herbal Plants through.
Keywords: medicinal and aromatic plants, spices, income generation
100
SESSION F
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND
BIOTECHNOLOGY
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
PLENARY LECTURE
PL.F.1.
CURRENT OUTCOMES DERIVED FROM TURKISH
MEDICINAL PLANTS WITH NEUROPROTECTIVE
POTENTIAL
Ilkay Erdogan Orhan1,2
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
2
Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern
Mediterranean University, Gazimagosa, North Cyprus
1
Neurodegeneration is a complex and multifactorial procedure in human brain and,
unfortunately, the prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s
disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) is on increase. Effective treatments
and medications are still absent to seize these diseases. AD is a progressive
neurodegenerative disorder that affects particularly the elderly population. Since
pathogenesis of AD has not been clarified totally, yet, it is only a symptomatic
treatment available. The most prescribed drug class against AD is cholinesterase
inhibitors, which increase the level of acetylcholine/butyrylcholine in the brain.
Oxidized dopamine metabolites having a crucial function in the degeneration
of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in PD are induced by tyrosinase (TYRO)
through its oxidase activity and, therefore, inhibition of TYRO is important in
prevention of PD. Another factor contributing to pathology of neurodegenerative
diseases is oxidative stress, which leads to neuronal death. Inflammation is
also linked to neurodegeneration by different mechanisms such as accretion of
proteins with abnormal conformations or via signals emanating from injured
neurons.
Considering the rich flora of Turkey, we initiated an intensive research on
neuroprotective activity of the Turkish medicinal plants through the enzyme
inhibition linked to neurodegeneration and antioxidant activity methods, which
have so far let us to screen over 300 plant species, 500 extracts, and 80 pure
molecules as well as some marine sponges. The enzyme inhibitory activity
has been tested against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase
(BChE), tyrosinase (TYRO), and lipoxygenase (LOX) by microtiter plate
assays using ELISA. Antioxidant activity of the samples has been tested in a
number of tests such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), N,N-dimethylp-phenylendiamine (DMPD), super oxide, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide
103
radical scavenging, metal-chelation capacity, ferric-reducing antioxidant power
(FRAP), and phosphomolibdenum-reducing antioxidant power (PRAP) assays.
In this presentation, various striking examples from our enduring studies will be
mentioned.
Keywords: medicinal plants, neural disorders, inflammation, antioxydant
SESSION LECTURES
SL.F.1.
Evaluation of hepatoprotective effect of
Boesenbergia rotunda ethanol extract against
thioactamide-induced liver damage in rats
Suzy M. Salama, Mahmood A. Abdulla, Ahmed S. AlRashdi, Pouya H.
Darvish
Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia
Boesenbergia rotunda has been used in traditional folk medicine for the treatment of
many elements. Recently many trials have been conducted to inhibit liver cirrhosis
caused by viral infection and alcohol addiction. The purpose of this study is one of
these trials undertaken to investigate the effects of ethanol extract of Boesenbergia
rotunda on thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis in rats.
Four groups of Sprague Dawley rats were respectively administered orally with
distilled water (cirrhosis control group), Silymarin (50 mg/kg) (reference control
group), 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg ethanol extract of Boesenbergia rotunda
(experimental groups) daily for 8 weeks. Thioacetamide (TAA) 200 mg/kg) was
injected intraperitonealy to all animals 3 times per week for 8 weeks. Liver injury
was assessed by serology, as well as macroscopic and microscopic analysis.
TAA, a hepatotoxin, causes the progression of liver fibrosis. The histopathology
score of fibrosis, liver biochemical markers (ALT, AST and AP), together with liver
Malondialdehyde level (MDA) were significantly higher in liver cirrhosis group
compared to those treated with Silymarin or Boesenbergia rotunda ethanol extract.
On the other hand, Superoxide dismutase (SOD) level in the liver was low in the
cirrhosis control group compared to plant extract treated groups. Our results
showed that TAA induced oxidative stress with extensive tissue damage in liver
cirrhosis group. Boesenbergia rotunda prevented the oxidative stress-related change
associated with TAA toxicity.
104
In conclusion, the study showed that Boesenbergia rotunda prevents the tissue
damage and fibrosis associated with TAA-induced liver cirrhosis in rats as ascertain
by liver biochemical markers and by liver histopathology.
Keywords: medicinal plants, traditional medicine, toxicity, hepatoprotective effects
SL.F.2.
TRANSCRIPTOMICS AND METABOLOMICS ANALYSIS OF
BRASSICA SPECIES
Abdul Razaque Memon1, Minela Jusovic1 and Karsten Niehaus2
Genetics and Bioengineering Program, International Burch University, Sarajevo, Bosnia and
Herzegovina; 2Dept of Proteomics and Metabolomics,CeBiTec, Univ of Bielefeld, Germany
[email protected]
1
Several Brassica species are not only being used as a vegetable, oil or herbal spices but
many of them are used as medicinal plants for treatment of rheumatism, neuralgia
and spasms. Hot water poured on bruised seeds makes a stimulant foot bath, good for
colds and headaches. Brassica nigra and Brassica juncea are two well known species
in Brassicaceae which are not only being used for oil production but also reported
to be good medicinal and heavy metal accumulator plants. In the last decade, the
tremendous developments in molecular biology and the success of genomics have
highly encouraged studies in molecular genetics, mainly transcriptomics, for the
identification of the functional genes implied in metal tolerance in plants. These
studies have already succeeded in the identification of hundreds of genes that largely
belong to the metal-homeostasis network. In this presentation we will describe recent
advances in understanding the genetic and molecular basis of the metal induced
gene expression in Brassica sps. The heavy metal accumulating species Brassica nigra
has received attention due to its possible use for phytoremediation in heavy metalpolluted soils. Our data showed that ~ 20000 µg Cu g-1 DW was accumulated in the
shoots of B. nigra when grown at 500 µM Cu. The expression γ-ECs and PCS was
also increased 11 and 6 fold respectively in shoots when plants were subjected to high
Cu concentration. Microarray analysis showed several hundred fold up regulation
of metal related genes including the genes involved in glutathione pathway, metal
ATPase and ABC transporters in B. nigra when treated with 500 mM Cu. Currently
we are carring out metabolomic studies with metal treated accumulator and non
accumulator ecotypes of B. nigra by using HPLC-MS-MS inorder to identify
metabolomic pattern in accumulator and non-accumulator ecotypes. Our aim is
to identify the metabolites which are upregulated and/or down regulated with Cu
treatment in both ecotypes. In this comminication we will discuss the strategies
105
for exploring these immense and valuable genetic and biological resources for
phytoremediation of heavy metal pollutants from the environment and the use of
these plants for medicinal purpose.
Keywords: Accumulator plants, transcriptomics, metabolomics, metallothioneins,
phytochelatins, phytoremediation
References:
1. Memon, AR. et al. (2000 ) Gene expression of heavy metal stress protein in plants. Turkish J. Botany
25: 111-121.
2. Memon, A.R. et al. (2006) Cu tolerance and accumulation in Brassica nigra and development of
in vitro regeneration system for phytoremediation. COST 859 WG 2 & WG 3 second Scientific
Workshop, “-omics approaches and agricultural management: driving forces to improve food quality
and safety?” 31 August – 2 September 2006, Saint-Etienne, France: 38. 3. Memon, AR, Schroder P (2009)
Implications of metal accumulation mechanisms to phytoremediation. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 16:
162-175. 4. Memon AR, et al. (2009) Transcriptome analysis of Cu responses in metal accumulator plant
Brassica nigra Diyarbakir ecotype. COST 859 Phytotechnologies to promote sustainable land use and
improve food safety April15-17, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary: 63. 5. Memon , AR et al. (2008)
Phytoremedıatıon of heavy metals from contamınated areas of Turkey. 4th European Bioremediation
Conference Sept 3-6, Chania, Crete, Greece, ID04 , ISBN 978-960-8475-12-0: 1-4.
SL.F.3.
THYLAKOID MEMBRANE PHOTOCHEMISTRY IN
SENESCENT LEAVES – A POSSIBLE TRIGGER FOR
DIFFERENTIAL ACUMULATION OF ANTIOXIDATIVE
ENZYMES
Hrvoje Lepeduš1, Rifet Terzić2, Sandra Radić3, Vlatka Jurković1, Ivna
Štolfa4, Vera Cesar4
Agricultural Institute Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 2Faculty of Science, Department of Biology,
Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina; 3Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, Zagreb, Croatia;
4
University of J.J. Strossmayer in Osijek, Department of Biology, Osijek, Croatia
1
Leaf natural senescence represents a genetically programmed developmental
process which includes a variety of internal and external stimuli as inducers of a
senescence program (1). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are recognized as important
players in senescence signaling pathways (2). The aim of the present study was to
investigate a possible link between down regulation of photosynthetic performance
and the modulation of the activities and electrophoretic pattern of key antioxidative
enzymes (APX, GR, CAT, GPOD and SOD) during the natural senescence of
maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) leaves. Analysis of chlorophyll a fluorescence
transient measurement (OJIP test) in senescent leaves showed striking decrease
106
in photosynthetic performance index (PIABS) during senescence, accompanied by
increased absorption, trapping and dissipation of excitation energy per reaction
centre as well as by a marked decrease in electron transport beyond the primary
electron acceptor (QA). Antioxidative enzymes revealed different dynamics of their
activities and isoenzyme patterns. Activities of CAT, GPOD and GR decreased
while activities of SOD and APX appeared to be remarkably up regulated during
senescence. New SOD, APX, and GPOD isoenzymes were detected in senescent
leaves as well as the degradation of CAT1 isoenzyme. This study will contribute to the
current understanding of the biochemical and physiological changes during natural
leaf senescence in deciduous woody species and their potential use as a valuable
source of new antioxidative protein components.
Keywords: antioxidative enzymes, maple, oxidative stress, photosynthesis, senescence
References:
1. Noodén, L. D. et al. (1997) Physiol. Plant. 101: 746-753. Neill, S. J. et al. (2002) Current
Opinion in Plant Biology 5: 388-395.
SL.F.4.
Antigenicity of Cloned Myt272 Protein of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Ahmed S.Al Rashdi, Salmah Ismail, Mahmood A.Abdullah
Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Malaysia
Tuberculosis (TB) ranks second only to human immunodeficiency virus as a
cause of death from an infectious agent with 3 million deaths from TB in 2010.
Calmette and Camille Guerin (BCG), is the current vaccine used against TB. BCG
has been administered worldwide. However, doubts about its efficacy are increasing,
reflected by its highly variable protective efficacy in controlled clinical trials. The
development of biotechnology field has provided the facility to reveal 16 genomic
regions deletions from the genome of M. bovis BCG strain and subsequently caused
over- attenuation of the BCG vaccine. These regions contain virulence factors and
certain key protective antigens. Immunological evaluation of the antigens encoded
by these regions was suggested to identify antigens of M. tuberculosis critical for
developing specific diagnostic reagents and vaccines to control TB. In the present
work, Myt272 gene was constructed in prokaryotic system. The antigenicity of
expressed protein was evaluated in laboratory animals. The capability of Myt272
protein to induced humoral immune response in mice which characterized by an
elevated IgG1 antibody level may support this candidate as tuberculosis vaccine.
107
Recombinant Myt272 protein was produced and isolated as a fusion protein
containing N-terminal His6-tag. The protein has a mass of approximately 13kDa
and was presented in the soluble fraction from the cell lysate. The antigenic property
of Myt272 protein in mice sera were assessed by ELISA. Significantly, higher levels
of antibodies to Myt272 were detected in the sera of immunized mice as compared
to negative controls. In conclusion, Myt272 Protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
promised to be an important source to develop vaccine against tuberculosis
Keywords: tuberculosis, antigen, Myt272 protein, vaccine
SL.F.5.
PREPARATION OF NANOCAPSULES OF PLANT EXTERACT
Akbar Esmaeili, Betsabe Saremnia
Department of Chemical Engineering, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University,
Tehran, Iran
1
Nanocapsules with coating medicinal plants based drug have many applications
in drug manufacturing. Plant based drugs loaded nanocapsules with polyesteric
triblock copolymer poly ethylene glycol - poly butylene adipate - poly ethylene glycol
(PEG-PBA-PEG) as shell and olive oil as core of nanocapsules were prepared by the
interfacial polymer deposition solvent evaporation method. In this research, first,
certain amount of polymer, Matricaria recutita extract and olive oil were mixed with
acetone and then, the solution was added the water using magnetic stirred. After
which the acetone was removed by vacuuming and finally nanocapsules were found
by freezing-drier. The study showed the size of nanocapsules depends on variety of
factors such as: the ratio of polymer to oil and concentration of polymers and plant
exteract. The nanocapsules were identified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
and zeta potential sizer (ZPS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and
nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).
Keywords: Triblock copolymer, polymerization, nanocapsules, emulsion, Matricaria
recutita
References:
1. Gupta, V., Mittal, P., Bansal, P., Khokra, S., Kaushik, D.,(2010) Pharmacol. Potent. 2(1): 12-16.
108
SL.F.6.
IN VITRO MUTAGENESIS FOR GENETIC IMPROVEMENT
OF DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN SUGAR BEET (Beta vulgaris
L.) AND CHARACTERIZATION BY USING ISSR MARKER
Ayse Sen, Sema Alikamanoglu
Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 34459, Vezneciler, Istanbul,
Turkey Corresponding author: [email protected]
Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is most important cultivated plant used for sugar
production in Europe and in temperate zones of other regions of the world. Drought
is one of the most serious problems for agriculture in general. This stress is the major
abiotic factor that limits sugar beet productivity and quality in semi-arid regions. For
this reason, drought tolerant sugar beet genotype should be developed to prevent
from yield losses due to drought. Radiation mutagenesis combine with in vitro tissue
culture has proved effective in the induction of novel genetic variation, selection, and
multiplication of mutant clones aimed at crop improvement.
In the current work, induction of somatic mutation in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. cv.
Felicita) was investigated by irradiation of shoot tips with 15 Gy and 20 Gy gamma
rays. Irradiated shoot tips were vegetatively propagated and M1V1-M1V3 generations
were obtained. Among the M1V3 plantlets drought tolerant mutants were selected on
MS medium, supplemented with 10 g/l and 20 g/l PEG 6000. The genetic diversities
were detected between control and putative drought tolerant mutants by DNA
fingerprinting using ISSR markers. A total of 106 PCR fragments were amplified
with 19 ISSR primers and 91 of them were polymorphic. The dendrograms of ISSR
analysis have been drawn using the MultiVariate Statistical Package V3.1 program.
The dendrograms separated into two clusters. First cluster included M8 mutant plant,
which was applied to 20 Gy gamma radiation and regenerated in selective culture
media containing 10 g/l PEG 6000 concentration, and the second cluster was further
divided into five subclusters.
Keywords: Drought Stress, ISSR Marker, Mutation Breeding, Plant Tissue Culture,
Sugar Beet
Acknowledgements: This study was supported by The Research Fund of Istanbul University,
Project No: 811.
109
SL.F.7.
Assessment of phytochemical and molecular
patterns of F. gummosa landraces
Mohammad Reza Naghavi, Zahra Khinani, Mansour Omidi
Agronomy and Plant Breeding Dept, Agricultural College, University of Tehran, Iran
Ferulla gummosa is one of the most important pharmaceutical, industrial and aromatic
plants in Iran. In the present study, genetic diversity of 24 landraces of F. gummosa was
studied using 10 AFLP selective primer combinations to determine (1) If the samples of
galbanum taken from different parts of Iran are similar to each other in genetic point of
view? (2) Possible relationship between genetic diversity and geographic distribution.
Totally 296 bands were numbered that 89% of them were polymorphic. The number of
alleles per each primer combination varied from 20 to 43. The highest and the lowest
levels of genetic similarity were 0.87 and 0.56, respectively. The maximum of similarity
was observed among landraces of Aridineh-garnadeh velar (Damavand-Tehran) and
Polur (Mazandaran), while the minimum of similarity was observed between Ardineh–
ashkrizeh (Damavand –Tehran) and Namad kousar lar (shemiranat_Tehran). Cluster
analysis using UPGMA method indicated a high genetic diversity among f. gummosa
landraces. There was not any relationship between genetic diversity and geographic
distribution. The existence of genetic diversity in the samples of f. gummosa indicates
that the phytochemical differences in samples are not just controlled by environmental
effect, but it also controls by genetic factors. The result of this study is useful for genetic
resource management in f. gummosa landraces.
Keywords: AFLP markers, genetic diversity, Ferulla gummosa
SL.F.8.
ELICITORS EFFECT ON ARTEMESININ IN SUSPENSION
CULTURE OF Artemisia annua
Parisa Jonoubi ¹, Mohammad Reza Naghavi ²,³, Mandana Samimizad ¹,³ ,
Elias Ariakia ³, Abolhasan Shahzadefazeli ³, Saied Aierian ¹, Beniamin
Yazdani ¹.
Biology Department, Faculty of Science,Tarbiat Moallem University, Karaj,Tehran,Iran.
Biotechnology Group, College of Agriculture and Natural Resource,University of Tehran,
Karaj,Tehran,Iran.3 Iranian Biological Resource Cent, Karaj, Iran
1
2
Artemisinin is one the most effective antimalarial drug. It is a sesquiterpene lactone
endoperoxide and derived from Artemisia annua L. (Asteraceae). It is also effective
110
against wide kinds of cancers. Because of the low content of atremisinin in leaves
and uneconomical chemical synthesis, alternate ways to produce artemisinin have
been sought.The purpose of this research is to evaluate the cell suspension culture to
increase Artemisinin. Callus cultures were induced from root explants in MS medium
with sucrose (30 g1-¹), BA (0.5, 1, 1.5 mgl-¹) and NAA (0.05, 0.25, 0.5 mgl-¹). The
highest callogenesis was on BA (1.5 mgl-¹) and NAA (0.5 mgl-¹). Suspension culture
were initiated by transferring friable fraction of root callus into liquid MS medium
with BA (1.5 mgl-¹) and NAA (0.5 mgl-¹). In an effort to increase the artemisinin
production, methyl jasmonate (2.5, 5, 7.5 mgl-¹), mevalonic acid lactone (25, 50, 75
mgl-¹) and potassium nitrate (250, 750, 2250 mgl-¹) were used in Suspension culture.
Artemisinin was analyzed by HPLC with some modification in the method of Zhao
and Zeng (1985). Using of methyl jasmonate at 5 mgl-¹ concentration make in an
increase artemisinin production of 7. 3 µg/l. Artemisinin content was the highest as
6.6 µg/l when 750 mg/l potassium nitrate was used in medium. Mevalonic acid at 75
mg/l concentration caused to increase artemisinin production of 10.6 µ gl-¹.
Keywords: cell suspension culture, methyl jasmonate, mevalonic acid lactone,
potassium nitrate
References:
1.Zhao S. S., Zeng M.Y. 1985. Studies on the analysis of qinghaosu by high-pressure liquid chromatograph
and spectrometry (HPLC). Planta Med. 51: 233–237. 2.Jing F., Zhang L., Li M., Tang Y., Wang Y., Wang
Y., Wang Q., Pan Q., Wang G. and Tang K. 2009. Abscisic acid (ABA) treatment increases artemisinin
content in Artemisia annua by enhancing the expression of genes in artemisinin biosynthetic pathway.
Biologia. 64/2: 319–323. Baldi, A. and Dixit V.K. 2007. Yield enhancement strategies for artemisinin
production by suspension cultures of Artemisia annua. Bioresource Technology. 99: 4609-4614.
SL.F.9.
IMPORTANCY OF BALANCING RALATIONSHIPS
BETWEEN OMEGA - 6 AND OMEGA - 3 FATTY ACIDS IN
HUMAN NUTRITION
Mirsad Veladžić1, Suzana Jahić2, Halid Makić3, Azra Bećiraj4
University of Bihac, Biotechnical faculty, Bihac, Bosnia and Herzegovina
From total population mortality in Bosnia and Herzegovina cardiovascular
diseases participate with 53%. It is believe that the main cause of diference between
omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids are cardovascular diseases. It is possible to make
certain relationship of this fatty acids in human blood serum by making analysis
on omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids in nutrition of certain human populations in
the world. In this paper are presented causes of wrong diet and given suggestions
how to improve this state.
111
Keywords: fatty acids, human, nutrition
References:
1.Veladžić, M., Šahinović, R., Makić, H., Jahić, S., Bećiraj, A., Galijašević, E., Toromanović, S., Uticaj
animalnih i biljnih masnoća u hrani pilića na sadržaj holesterola u jetrici. Simpozijum stočarstvo,
veterinarska medicina i ekonomika u ruralnom razvoju i proizvodnji zdravstveno bezbedne hrane u
organizaciji Poljoprivrednog fakulteta u Novom Sadu . Zbornik kratkih sažetaka, str. 85. 2. Jahić, S.,
Veladžić, M., Šišić, I., Makić, H., Uticaj biljnih i animalnih masnoća u ishrani brojlera na mehaničke
osobine tibijalne kosti. IX Savjetovanje hemičara i tehnologa Republike Srpske, Banja Luka 2010.
Zbornik izvoda radova, str. 79. 3.Veladžić, M., Jahić, S., Makić, H., Galijašević, E., Analysis of the effects
of vegetable and animal fats on lipids and cholesterol contents in broiler’s plasma. 5th Central European
Congress on Food, Bratislava, Slovak Republik, 2010. Book of Full Papers, pages 205-209.
SL.F.10.
APPLICATION OF IN VITRO CULTURE FOR GERMINATION
AND TUBERIZATION OF BLACK ZIRA (BUNIUM
PERSICUM)
Seyed Mahdi Ziyaratnia1, Abdul-Reza Bagheri2, Hossein Mardani3
Khorasan science And Technology Park, Mashhad, Iran;2 Department of Agronomy, Faculty
of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran; 3 Department of Horticultural Science,
Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
Corresponding author: [email protected] 1
Blach zira (Bunium persicum) is one of medical and spice plants that is native in a
limited area of the West of Asia and the Eastern parts of Iran. In this experiment the
growth of Black zira from germination to the seeding and tuberization were investigated
in vitro. Germination of black zira seeds on a simple medium containing 0.5 (w/v)
percent sugar was better than others. It happened in dark at 4 °C after at least 3 - 4
weeks. The seedlings were cultured on MS medium and then stored at 25 °C and 16 hrs
photoperiod. At this conditions cotyledons appeared and then a single tuber formed
at the end of the root. The true leaves appeared one month after tuber formation. The
effect of different concentrations of sugar on tubers size was found to be non significant.
While the MS medium at different levels of total nitrogen and ammoniums to nitrate
ratios were significant. The MS medium containing 30 mM total nitrogen was more
effective than 60 mM on the tuber size (length and diameter). The production of bigger
tubers requires both sources of nitrogen (ammonium and nitrate), but nitrate source
was found to be more effective. The effect of different strengths of MS medium (MS, ½
MS, MS with ½ NO3 content) on weight, length and diameter of tuber was statistically
non significant, but in all of traits, ½ MS medium has bigger tubers.
Keywords: Black zira, Bunium persicum, Tuberization, Nitrogen, Nitrate to
ammonium ratio, In vitro
112
P.F.1
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES AND DNA INTERACTIONS
OF SPIRO-ANSA-SPIRO- AND ANSA-SPIRO-ANSACYCLOTETRAPHOSPHAZENES
1
Leyla Açık1, Gamze Egemen2, Aytuğ Okumuş2, Zeynel Kılıç2, Nagehan
Ramazanoğlu1 and L. Yasemin Koç3
Gazi University, Department of Biology, Ankara, Turkey; 2 AnkaraUniversity, Department of
Chemistry, Ankara, Turkey; 3 Department of Biology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
Cyclophosphazenes are an important family of inorganic ring systems [1,
2]. Biological activities and DNA interactions of a very limited number of
cyclophosphazene derivatives are investigated [3]. The condensation reactions
of octachlorocyclotetraphosphazatetraene, N4P4Cl8, with N2O2 donor-type
aminopodands (1a and 1b) afford two kinds of substituted novel phosphazene
architectures, namely, spiro-ansa-spiro (sas) (2a-2f) and ansa-spiro-ansa (asa) (3a3f) phosphazenes. The partly substituted sas phosphazenes (2a and 2b) reacted with
the exess pyrrolidine and morpholine in THF to produce the tetrakis pyrrolidino (2c
and 2d) and tetrakis morpholino (2e and 2f) phosphazene derivatives. Afterwards,
the reactions of partly substituted asa phosphazenes (3a and 3b) with the exess
N
O
N
P
X
X
N
N
P
X
X
N
P
spiro-ansa-spiro
R
(CH2)2
(CH2)3
X
N
P
N
N
R
ansa-spiro-ansa
Compounds
R
X
Compounds
2a
2b
(CH2)2
(CH2)3
2c
(CH2)2
2d
(CH2)3
(CH2)2
2e
(CH2)2
3e
(CH2)3
2f
(CH2)3
3f
(CH2)2
(CH2)3
Cl
Cl
O
N
O
N
X
P
N
(
(
R
X
O
P
P
(
P
X
N
(
X
N
N
Cl
Cl
N
N
3a
3b
3c
3d
113
pyrrolidine and morpholine produce partly substituted 2-trans-6-dicloro geminal
pyrrolidino (3c and 3d) and morpholino (3e and 3f) phosphazenes.
The compounds 2a-2f and 3a-3f are screened for antibacterial activities against
Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and for antifungal activities against
yeast strains. Compounds 2e, 3e and 3f show no antibacterial and antifungal activity.
Whereas compound 2d exhibits weak antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus
aureus and Bacillus subtilis. Moreover, compounds 3c and 3d display strong antifungal
activity against Candida tropicalis. In addition, the evaluation of the compounds with
plasmid DNA demonstrate that the compounds 2e, 2d, 3a, 3b, 3e and 3f promote the
formation of strand breaks in DNA.
To determine the binding site of these compounds, restriction analysis of DNA is
carried out, and they also inhibit HindIII cleavage of pBR322 DNA while restricting
BamHI.
Keywords: spiro-ansa-spiro- and ansa-spiro-ansa-cyclotetraphosphazenes, DNA
interactions, DNA cleavage, antimicrobial activity
Acknowledgements: The authors acknowledge the “State Planning Organisation (Turkey)
(Grant 1998K121480)”.
References:
1. Asmafiliz, N., Kılıç, Z., Öztürk, A., Hökelek, T., Koç, L.Y., Açık, L., Kısa, Ö., Albay, A., Üstündağ, Z.,
Solak, A.O. (2009). Inorg. Chem. 48 (21) 10102-10116. 2. Işıklan, M., Asmafiliz N., Özalp, E. E., İlter,
E. E., Kılıç, Z., Çoşut, B., Yeşilot, S., Kılıç, A., Öztürk, A., Hökelek, T., Koç B. L. Y., Açık, L., Akyüz, E.
(2010). Inorg. Chem. 49 (15) 7057-7071. 3. İlter, E. E., . Asmafiliz, N., Kılıç, Z., Açık, L., Yavuz, M., Bali,
E. B., Solak, A.O., Büyükkaya, F., Dal, H., Hökelek, T. (2010). Polyhedron. 29, 2933-2944.
114
P.F.02.
EFFECT OF ETHANOL AND ESSENTIAL OILS ON
EXTENDING VASE_LIFE OF CARNATION CUT FLOWER
(DIANTHUS CARYOPHYLLUS CV. ‘YELLOW CANDY’)
Hassan Bayat1, Majid Azizi2, Mahmmud Shoor3, Hossein Mardani4,
Shahram Riahinia5
MSc Student, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi
University of Mashhad, Iran; 2 Associated professor, Department of Horticultural Science,
Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran; 3 Assistant Professor, Ferdowsi
University of Mashhad, Iran; 5 PhD student, Department of Agronomy Faculty of Agriculture,
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
1,4,
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of ethanol and essential oils of
three medicinal plants namely Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), Summer savory (Satureja
hortensis L.) and Ajwain (Carum copticum L.) on extending Dianthus caryophyllus
vase_life. For this purpose three individual trials were conducted using a completely
randomized block design with three replications. In the first trial, effects of ethanol
4% (v/v) applied as continuous or pulse treatment was determined and results showed
both applying methods increased vaseַlife and marketability of the carnation, but
no significant difference was observed between them. In the second trial, effects of
selected essential oils with concentrations of 100, 150 and 200 ppm were investigated.
All essential oils prolonged carnation vaseַlife. Summer savory essential oil (100 ppm)
showed the highest effect (increasing 4.4 days) in comparison to control. In the third
trial, the interactions between ethanol and the essential oil treatments was studied.
Results showed no significant difference in vaseַlife and marketability of carnation
between applied of essential oils alone and co-treated of essential oils with ethanol.
The highest relative fresh weight in sixth day after start of the experiment was
observed in flowers treated with Summer savory essential oil at 100 ppm which was
nearly two times more than control. According to the results of this experiment can
be concluded that essential oils as natural, safe and biodegradable compounds can
be suitable novel alternatives materials for common chemicals in order to prolong
vaseַlife of carnation.
Keywords: essential oil, marketability, medicinal plants, post harvest, vascular
blockage
115
P.F.03.
BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF POTATO (Solanum tuberosum
L.) MUTANTS INDUCED BY GAMMA RADIATION
Sema Alikamanoglu*, Orkun Yaycili & Ayse Sen
Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 34459, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
Drought is among the most important environmental factors which have negative
effects on productivity of agricultural crops that have high economical and nutritional
importance Therefore, improvement of drought stress tolerant plant will play an
important role in reducing damages due to drought. In vitro culture and radiation
techniques are frequently used for breeding of agronomically important plants for
tolerance to stress factors (such as drought etc.).
In this study, node explants of Konsul and Agata potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)
varieties were irradiated with 15 Gy and 20 Gy gamma rays. Irradiated node explants
were sub-cultured and M1V1-M1V3 generations were obtained. Mutants for tolerant
to drought stress were selected on MS medium, supplemented with 20 g/l, 30 g/l
and 40 g/l PEG 6000. Among the M1V3 plantlets putative drought tolerant mutants
were determined. Leaf soluble proteins obtained from control and putative drought
tolerant mutants were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. The activities of antioxidant enzymes,
such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX)
and peroxidase (POX) were investigated from control and putative drought tolerant
mutants.
Keywords: Antioxidant Enzymes, Drought Stress, Mutation Breeding, Plant Tissue
Culture, SDS-PAGE
Acknowledgements: This study was supported by The Research Fund of Istanbul University,
Project No: 2786.
116
P.F.04.
THE EFFECT OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON SOME
VEGETATIVE AND GENERATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF
MEDICINAL PUMPKIN (CUCURBITA PEPO L.)
SH. Sooreh1, H. Arooie2, M. Azizi2
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran;
2
Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of
Mashhad, Iran; 3Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
1
Aim of this study was to determine the effects of seed priming and foliar application
of growth regulators on medicinal pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.). Vegetative and
generative characteristics have been measured during the experiment. Seeds were
socked on priming solution (distillated water, IBA, GA3 and Ethephon) and growth
regulators were spraying (distillated water, IBA, GA3 and Ethephon) on pumpkins
seedlings. Seed priming with IBA and spraying with IBA had more significant
effects on seed number in fruit. Combination of seed priming with Ethephon and
spraying with IBA increased the seed yield. Application of IBA priming (socking)
enhanced the yield significantly than the other treatments with priming by other
growth regulators and control. Seed characteristics (length and width) increased by
IBA Priming. Generally, priming and spraying with IBA could increase the seed yield
in medicinal pumpkin.
Keywords: Seed priming, growth regulators, seed yield, medicinal pumpkin
(Cucurbita pepo L.)
P.F.05.
ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES AND TOXICITY STUDY OF
THE MEDICINAL PLANT BAECKEA FRUTESCENS
Somayeh Razmavar
Molecular Bacteriolog , Department of Molecular Medicine, Kuala Lumpour, Malaysia
Baeckea Frutescens L Is a medicinal plant known locally as cucur atap .To study the
chemical constituents of the traditional herb Baeckea Frutescens L., a new flavonol
glycoside, named 6, 8-dimethylkaempferol-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside (1), together
with seven known compounds: quercetin (2), quercetin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside
(3), myricetin (4), myricetin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside (5), gallic acid (6), ursolic
117
acid (7) and 1,3-dihydroxy-2-(2’-methoxylpropionyl)-5-methoxy-6-methylbenzene
(8) were isolated by using silica gel column chromatography, HPLC and LCMS .
Their structures were identified on the basis of physicochemical properties and
spectroscopic analysis. Among them, compounds 2-7 were isolated from this plant
for the first time and compound 8 was first isolated from plant.
Baeckea frutescens of the Myrtaceae family found wild in mountains, low hills
and open grasslands of South China, South East Asia, and Australia. Amongst its
many local names are cucur atap in Malaysia, jung rahab in Indonesia, gang song
in China, and dwarf mountain pine in English. Traditionally, various parts of
the Baeckea frutescens except the roots have been used in the form of a decoction
or essential oil as insecticides, health tonics, and as therapy for headaches, fever,
sunstrokes, rheumatism, colic, jaundice, hemorrhagic dysentery, and menstrual
disorders (Institute of Materia Medica - HANOI - WHO /WPRO, 1990). It has been
found to contain strong cytotoxic activity against leukaemia cells in tissue culture
(Fujimoto et al., 1996), anticariogenic activity (Hwang et al., 2004). However, all its
antimicrobial properties & anti oxidant properties have yet to be fully explored and
the chemical compounds isolated from its extracts show promise as such.
The entire plant, except the roots, is used as an anti bacterila, and antidysentery, an
antipyretic and a diuretic. It is claimed to be effective in treating influenza, coryza,
epitasis, fever, headache, measles, colic, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, jaundice,
hemorrhagic dysentery and irregular menstrual cycles. Its external usage is treating
furunculosis and impetigo. [Herbal medicine research centre].
The leaves are also used to treat impetigo. Chinese use the leaved as remedy for
sunstroke and fever. In Malaysia and Indonesia, they are used as an ingredient of
the traditional medicine given to mothers during confinement [Herbal medicine
research centre].
The flowers of this plant are used to treat dyspepsia and menstrual problems. They
are also used in massaging postpartum women for the treatment of body aches
and numbness of limbs. The essential oil from this plant is used in treatment of
rheumatism [Herbal medicine research centre].
This is study try to find out others anti oxidants properties of Beackea ethanol
extract, cytotoxicity of the Beackea ethanol extract on few cell lines and find the
active compound of Beackea ethanol extract against MRSA bacteria.
118
P.F.06.
YEASTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MUNKOYO ROOTS
(Rhynchosia Species), USED IN PREPARATION OF
CHIBWANTU- A CEREAL FERMENTED BEVERAGE
1
1, 2
Mercy M. Mwale2, Bennie Viljoen
The University of the Free State, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food
Biotechnology, 9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa
Chibwantu is a non-alcoholic beverage produced from maize grit and the root
(Rhynchosia insignis and/ or Rhynchosia heterophylla or Rhynchosia venulosa). The
root is generally called Munkoyo by the local people. The root is either white or yellow.
There is inadequate information on the roots of Rhynchosia species particularly their
effect on the microbiology of the beverage.
The process of Chibwantu preparation is, thin or thick maize grit porridge is prepared
and the root (Munkoyo) and/ or extract added to the warm porridge and left to
ferment spontaneously. Fermentation occurs at ambient temperatures (25oC to 30oC)
in 24 to 48hrs. The beverage becomes more alcoholic if it is left to ferment for longer
time due to the presence of yeasts (Simwamba et al, 1986; Zulu et al, 1997).
Samples of the Munkoyo root were purchased from different markets in Zambia and
transported to South Africa. The microbiological quality of the Munkoyo roots was
investigated and yeasts associated with the root (yellow and white) were isolated and
identified. The total aerobic count for the yellow root ranged from 2.7x 105 to 8.5 x
108 cfu/g and white root from 2.5 x 107 to 2.9 x108 cfu/g. The number of yeasts and
molds ranged from 1.2 x 104 to 9.7x 105 cfu/g yellow root and 4.1x 104 to 1.2x 105
cfu/g white root.
The isolated yeasts were identified as Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Cryptococcus
albidus, Cryptococcus laurentii, Cryptococcus liquefaciens, Clavispora lusitaniae
and Yarrowia lypolitica from the yellow root and Wickerhamomyces anomalus,
Cryptococcus liquefaciens, Cryptococcus laurentii and Rhodotolula mucolaginosa from
the white root. Wickerhamomyces anomalus were the dominant yeast species for both
yellow and white roots. The high aerobic counts indicates that the root contribute
a lot to the fermentation of the cereal beverage and the different species of yeast
indicate that they contribute to the beverage becoming alcoholic after a longer time
of fermentation.
Keywords: Chibwantu, Munkoyo Root, Yeasts
Acknowledgements:
Organization for Women in Science for the Developing World (OWSD) for financial support.
119
References:
1.Simwamba, C. G. and Elahi, M. 1986. Journal of agriculture and Food Chemistry (34) 573-575. 2.Zulu
R. M., Dillion V. M., Owens J. D. 1997. Int. J. Food Microbiology (34) 249 – 258.
P.F.07.
OPTIMIZATION OF CELLULASE ENZYME PRODUCTION
BY USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS (ANN)
Lamija SubaŠIĆ
International Burch University, Genetics and Bioengineering,
Abbreviations:
ANN
BPN
R
MSE
MATLAB
R2
Artificial Neural Networks
Backpropagation
Multiple linear regression coefficient (correlation coefficient)
Mean squared error
Matrix Laboratory
Determination coefficient
Agro-industrial residue such as Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) can be used to produce
cellulase enzyme by submerged fermentation. The production processes need to be
optimized to increase the yield of cellulase enzyme at feasible cost. In this research
study, artificial neural network (ANN) has been selected as the optimization method.
ANN models were created and optimized using MATLAB software. The data was
taken from previous research study (Rashid et al., 2009) that used Response Surface
Methodology (RSM) for optimization. The data consists of media constituents and
process conditions. However, the optimization process was done mainly to the media
constituents that consist of cellulose and peptone. The optimum levels of these inputs
were predicted using ANN. The data for media constituents was also used to determine
the best parameters for ANN model. The values of R and R2 for ANN were 0.99864 and
0.997 respectively which were higher than the 0.99749 R and 0.995 R2 obtained from
RSM. Optimal solution of media constituents for validation process was obtained by
ANN model which consists of 0.48% peptone and 0.48% cellulose with the maximum
yield of cellulase enzyme of 18.35 U/ml. Consequently, optimal process conditions were
found with agitation at 202 rpm, pH at 7.1 and aeration at 1.7 with the maximum yield
of cellulase enzyme of 27.05 U/ml by using ANN model approximations. Therefore,
it is shown that in the case of media constituents optimization ANN model derived
better results than RSM, and in the case of process conditions optimization vice versa.
Keywords: Molecular biology, Enzymes, MATLAB software
120
Acknowledgments: International Islamic University Malaysia, Assistant Professor Dr.
Mohammed Saedi Jami, Dr. Md. Zahangir Alam.
References:
1.Rashid S S, Alam M .Z., Karim MI A, Salleh, M H. (2009). Optimization of the Nutrient Supplients
for Cellulase Production with the Basal Medium Palm Oil Mill Effluent. World Academy of Science,
Engineering and Technology, 60, 2009. 2.Abbasi Babak (2008). A neural network applied to estimate
process capability of non-normal processes Advertisement. Expert Systems with Applications 36(2),
3093-3100. doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2008.01.042. 3.Annadurai Gurusamy & Lee Jiunn-Fwu (2007).
Application of artificial neural network model for the development of optimized complex medium for
phenol degradation using Pseudomonas pictorum (NICM 2074). Journal of Biodegradation 18, 383392. doi:10.1007/s10532-006-9072-8.
P.F.08.
GENETIC BEHAVIOR OF CAPSULE LENGTH AND DENSITY
IN SESAME (SESAMUM INDICUM L.)
Bülent Uzun, Engin Yol, Şeymus Furat
Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, TR07058, Antalya, Turkey
The use of sesame plants, seeds and oil for medicinal purposes has gained popularity
although its nutritive and health-related value were known from the ancient times.
The health benefits are thought to be primarily due to unique phenylpropanoid
compounds. Recently, much interest has been attracted to sesame’s phenylpropanoids
for medicinal use as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-virus, anti-inflammatory, wound
healing, and antibacterial agents. Despite the medicinal, culinary, aromatic and
agronomic importance of this crop, sesame seed yield is still far from its potential.
The number of capsules per plant along with more seeds bearing capsules is one of
the most important contributing characteristics to seed yield in sesame. Therefore,
we investigated genetic behavior of capsule length, capsule density and their genetic
association in a three years experiment. For developing cultivars with long and high
number of capsules, a detailed understanding of the genetics of two characters and
easy means of describing the character are required as the inheritance association
of these two characters has not been reported elsewhere. The F1 and F2 population
seedlings were obtained from a cross between registered cultivar “Muganli-57 (♀)”
and the genotype, “ACS 352 (♂)”. ACS 352 parent provided long and dense capsule
while Muganli-57 completely had normal plant type with respect to either capsule
length or capsule density. The results in the F1 generation indicated that long and dense
capsule were dominant over normal one. In F2 population, 12:3:1 segregation ratio
was monitored, indicating that long capsule character had dominant epistasi over
121
dense capsule. Thus, individuals with single or both dominant genes for long capsule
(A-B-, aaB-) produced both dense and long capsule as a result of dominant epistasis.
It was suggested that positive selection for long and dense capsule characteristics in
sesame should be given high priority to increase seed yield.
Keywords: Sesamum indicum L., epistasi, dominancy, seed yield, breeding
P.F.09.
AN INVESTIGATION OF MUTATIONS (FECXI, FECXH,
FECXG, FECXB) ON BMP-15 GENE IN SOME LOCAL SHEEP
BREEDS RAISED IN TURKEY
M. Soner Balcıoğlu, Taki Karslı, Emine Şahin, Bahar Karslı,
Akdeniz University, Agricultural Faculty, Antalya, Turkiye
corresponding author:[email protected]
Genetic mutations on major genes increase ovulation rate and litter size in sheep.
Three major genes have been identified belonging to the TGF-β superfamily until
now. These genes are BMPR-IB (Bone morphogenetic protein receptor IB), BMP15 (Bone morphogenetic protein-15) and GDF9 (Growth differentiation factor
9). Different mutations (FecXB, FecXG, FecXI, FecXH, FecXL and FecXR) on Bone
Morphogenetic Protein-15 gene either increase ovulation rate or cause infertility in
sheeps. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether four different mutations
(FecXI, FecXH, FecXG and FecXB) on BMP15 gene or not in five local sheep breeds
reared in Turkey. In order to determine these mutations was used PCR-RFLP method.
A total of 96 blood samples were provided from Akkaraman (24 samples), Dağlıç
(19 samples), Ivesi (19 samples), Tuj (15 samples) and Karakaş (19 samples) sheep
breeds. As a result, FecXI, FecXH, FecXG and FecXB loci couldn’t be determined.
Keywords: BMP-15 gene, Prolificacy, Sheep
122
P.F.10.
EFFECT OF PHYTOHORMONES ON SECONDARY
METABOLITE PRODUCTION AND ANTIMICROBIAL
ACTIVITY OF Origanum vulgare L. IN VITRO
Erna Karalija1, Nudžejma Nuhanović1, Jasmina Čakar2, Adisa Parić1
1 Faculty of sciences, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, Sarajevo;
2 Institute for genetic engineering and biotechnology, Gajev trg 4, Sarajevo
Shoot cultures, derived from epicotyls of in vitro germinated seeds, were established
in Murashige and Skoog culture medium (MS) supplemented with different
concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 3-indole butyric acid (IBA). Effect
of BAP and IBA on secondary metabolite production and antimicrobial activity of
oregano extracts was tested. For this purpose shoots were cultivated on MS medium
supplemented with different concentrations of BAP (0,1-4 mg/l) and combination
of BAP and IBA. Addition of plant growth regulators enhanced adventive shoot
formation. The highest number of shoots was obtained on MS medium with 0,5 mg/l
BAP (5,44). Improvement of phenol production was recorded for shoots cultivated
on MS medium with 4 mg/l BAP with 0,1 mg/l IBA. The production of flavonoids
showed no increase in addition of BAP and BAP with IBA, respectively. Also, oregano
extracts had no inhibitory effect on the growth of microorganism strains used in this
experiment.
Keywords: in vitro micropropagation, secondary metabolite production, Origanum
vulgare L.
123
SESSION G
PHARMACOINFORMATICS
IN MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC
PLANTS
P.G.01.
PRINCIPLES OF HERBAL ANATOMICAL-THERAPEUTIC
CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS (HATC)
1
Armin Škrbo1, Selma Škrbo
Faculty of Pharmacy; Sarajevo; Bosnia and Herzegovina;
With the experiences of ATC (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical) classification
of drugs recommended by WHO (World Health Organization) HATC (Herbal
Anatomical Therapeutic Classification) was created. The need for a new classification
is indicated becouse of the importance of treatment plants, and it is as old as the
human race. Expansion of various herbal preparations in the pharmaceutical
market is evident, and therefore legislation and classification of such products
were necessary. Centre for Cooperation in the WHO in Uppsala, proposed a new
HATC classification with the rules that are based on science, which proved to be an
excellent way of systematization and encryption herbal preparations. Assigning ATC
code to herbal preparations can not be carried out only on the basis of indications.
Preparations have to be tested on its effectiveness and safety. Preparations which are
obtained from the same plant species, and which are used for different indications,
have different HATC codes. The principles for classifying simple and complex herbal
medicines are clearly prescribed and should be followed.
For each herbal preparation HATC code consists of 6 levels. These levels are:
Level 0 - herbal preparation (H); Level 1 – shows the 14 main anatomical
groups, Level 2 - represents the main therapeutic groups (when in the regular
ATC system is not provided an appropriate second level, herbal preparations
are added to the numbers 70-99 which are specifically reserved for herbal ATC
code); Level 3 - the therapeutic-pharmacological subgroups (where in the regular
ATC system third level is not appropriate, a new level is created. The letter W is
used where it is not possible to define an appropriate third level.); Level 4 - a
therapeutic-pharmacological and chemical sub-group (as in the third level, letter
W is used for specific herbal products); Level 5 - an individual herbal species.
Proposed HAT classification allows proper classification of all herbal products,
ensure their proper use in therapy, and contributes to the avoidance of any confusion
in the use of different synonyms for the same plant species.
Keywords: classification, ATC, herbal preparations
127
P.G.02.
DATABASES AND INFORMATION ABOUT MEDICINAL
PLANTS ON THE INTERNET
1
Armin Škrbo1, Alisa Velagić1
Faculty of Pharmacy; Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Healing with herbs has always been interesting for people. Many plants that have
successfully been used in traditional therapies have been adopted in medicine and
they are important raw materials in modern materia medica (Digitalis species,
Claviceps purpurea, Carapichea ipecacuanha, Cinchona species, Rauvolfia species,
etc.) (1). Fitoterapeutics have been and will remain irreplaceable as a medical cure or
help in treatment (2).
It is believed that a large majority of modern drugs are synthesized on the basis of
isolated principles of medicinal herbs. Scientific discoveries during the Second World
War and later, especially epoch-making discovery of antibiotics (from the fungus
Penicillium notatum), and extended findings on the role of vitamins, hormones, and
provitamin, are turning scientists to the nature in which they are seeking new sources
of medicinal substances. All over the world manufactures are trying to produce
more drugs which have the basics in plants. Today this trend is particularly popular
in the search for plants that have the effect on the HIV virus and the diseases of
modern times. The way of getting information is an integral part of science, without
which one can not imagine its existence and development. The informations that
are “offering” have different quality and reliability. Finding necessary and quality
information which are need for pharmacists, requires knowledge and use the latest
information technology. There are several ways of getting some information: through
written materials (technical and scientific publications), numerous databases (CDROMs, Internet) and other modern information media. For users of the Internet,
it is an endless source of practical and “quality” of information since millions of
people worldwide are able to communicate via the Internet and they can exchange
information. The Internet is the world’s first library which can be accessed by all at
any time (3).
The quality of medical informations and informations about medicinal herbs on
the Internet varies greatly. In the absence of general control of information that is
presented to a wide range of users, it is necessary to draw attention to the harm of the
bad and the usefulness of the good information, and the possibility of self-assessment
of the quality of the selected Web addresses on the Internet. Quality source of
information needs to satisfy three main criteria: accuracy, actuality and reliability (3).
Keywords: Internet, Databases, Medicinal Plants
128
References:
1.Lukić P. Farmakognozija. Farmaceutski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu, Beograd, 1981. 2.Kukalj M.
Korištenje i zlouporaba ljekovitog bilja. Ljekarništvo u Hrvatskoj jučer, danas, sutra. IX savjetovanje
farmaceuta Istre i Kvarnera, Pula: 1994: 65-67. 3.Škrbo A. i saradnici. Farmacija na Internetu. Farmacon,
Sarajevo, 2001.
P.G.03.
informatiCS IN MEDICINAL PLANTS AND
PHYTOTHERAPY
Miralem Hadžić
JU „Apoteke Sarajevo“, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Medicinal and aromatic plants used in the treatment and dietetics from the
foundation of a reasonable man. How did the process of anthropogenesis grew
during the experience of etnobotanical adn ethnopharmacological use of medicinal
plants in traditional therapy. After the development of natural bio-medical sciences
medicinal plants and phytotherapy have completely different treatments offer. Today,
various preparations of medicinal plants around the world play a major role in
both prevention and treatment of various diseases. In addition, they also have high
pharmacoeconomic value. To experience and data that we got to be functional and
useable at any time, require the systematization and the creation of a database [1].
In spoken for such a process of it support is crucial. Based on available information,
and knowledge of software, it is possible to access the establishment of a database on
medicinal plants [2,3].
The results arrived at in the development of herbal sector in the JU „Apoteke Sarajevo“
indicate the possibility of using different indicators (parameters) in a successful
phytotherapy. These indicators are as follows: (i) pharmaceutical and botanical
(identification of medicinal plants, distribution, ecology, conservation status)
(ii) pharmacognostic-phytochemical (use a part, during harvesting, preservation
method, the active principle), (iii) pharmaceutical zechnology (preparation, design
, the stabilization of the preparation); (Iv) pharmacological and clinical (mode
of application, action, side effects), (v) pharmacoeconomic (marketing, market
definition, product protection, etc.).
For the actual software development requires the engagement of specialists in the
field of medicinal plants and phytotherapy, and several pharmaceutical informatics
specialists to create the detailed plan of how software should look and what all should
work. The more information you have at the beginning of the software to the software
better. Already we know from experience that a good computer science or more of
them can do everything you can imagine. This software and database would have
to work with the best tools and best database in the world (eg Oracle). As a starting
129
step in the realization of this project is already on the road making a small “demo
program” as a kind of presentation which could be demonstrate at least a small part
of the possibilities offered by one such software. This software would have a universal
value and contributed to the establishment of information systems in the field of
medicinal plants as a precondition of its rational and profitable use.
Keywords: phytotherapy, pharmaco informatics, pharmaco economics, ethnobotany, ethno-pharmacology, information system, medicinal and aromatic plants
References:
1. Babu, P.A. et al. (2006). Bioinformation 1(4): 130-131. 2. Arulrayan, N. et al. (2007).Bioinformation
2(1): 22 -23.
3. Kasirajan, B. et al. (2007).Bioinformation 5; 2 (3):105-106.
130
SESSION H
CULTIVATION AND
ENVIRONMENTAL BOTANY
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
PLENARY LECTURE
PL.H.01.
SUSTAINABILITY AND EUROPEAN MARKETS FOR MAPS –
THE ROLE OF FAIRWILD
Robbie Hogervorst
ProFound – Advisers in Development, Utrecht, The Netherlands http://www.ThisIsProFound.
com; representing the FairWild Foundation, Weststrasse 51, CH-8570 Weinfelden, Switzerland
The international trade in medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) is undergoing
profound changes. Wild-availability is becoming more limited for many species from
many developing countries. Overharvesting continues to endanger numerous MAPs
and in some countries the number of endangered species is increasing. As cultivation
is not feasible for many species, alternatives are needed to ensure a sustainable supply of
key wild-collected species. At the same time, low prices have led many collectors to seek
alternative livelihoods and younger generations are not attracted to the trade anymore.
An additional factor that reduces availability in the North is strongly increasing SouthSouth trade. Markets for MAPs in the south are growing due to increasing demand from
pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic companies in these countries, but also to export
processed ingredients; e.g. saps and extracts or further processed ingredients to markets
in the North. These trade flows are increasingly shaping market realities in Europe.
This presentation will provide the audience with information on the market for MAPs
in Europe in an international supply perspective, taking into account key trends such as;
- increasing demand for natural ingredients in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and
food sector
- increasing demand for saps and extracts, instead of MAPs, bypassing EU processors,
- market consolidation in Europe
- the Traditional Herbal Medicine Product Directive and its effects on European
MAP markets
In the presentation, these trends and figures will be related to the increasing emphasis
on sustainability of supply, both in quantity and quality and their necessary reflection
in prices for well-documented plant material. The presentation will offer a perspective
on the important role systems that ensure sustainable supply are likely to play in the
future with a specific focus on FairWild.
Keywords: market, trade, sustainable supply, FairWild
133
SESSION LECTURES
SL.H.01.
Use of Calamintha nepeta subsp. glandulosa as
a biomonitor organism in different polluted
areas of Kocaeli-Turkey
Zeki Severoğlu1, Ülkühan Yaşar2, İbrahim İlker Özyiğit1, Mustafa
Keskin1, İlhan Doğan3, Azim Öztürk1, Göksel Demir4, Onur Zorluer1,
İbrahim Ertuğrul Yalçın1,4 and Fatih Mahmut Bulut1
Marmara University, Faculty of Sciences & Arts, Biology Department, Göztepe, Istanbul,
Turkey, 2Bartın University, Faculty of Engineering, Environmental Engineering Department,
Bartın-Turkey, 3Izmir Institute of Technology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics,
Gülbahçe, Urla, Izmir, Turkey, 4Bahçeşehir University, Faculty of Engineering, Environmental
Engineering Department, Beşiktaş, Istanbul, Turkey
1
Environmental pollution with toxic metals has increased significantly in the last
decades as a result of industrial revolution, and causing serious ecologic problems.
Soil pollution with heavy metals, such as cadmium, copper, lead and zinc and their
mobility in the environment threatens to introduce these metals into life cycle, a
danger for all living organisms (Badora, 2002; Yılmaz et al., 2006).
The term biomonitor [Greek bios (βίος) = life and Latin monitor = anything displays
viewable objects] is defined as an organism that provides quantitative information
on the quality of the environment around it (Akguc et al., 2008). Biomonitoring,
in a general sense, may be defined as the use of bio-organisms/materials to obtain
(quantitative) information on certain characteristics of the biosphere. The relevant
information in biomonitoring (e.g. using plants or animals) is commonly deduced from
either changes in the behavior of the monitor organism (impact: species composition
and/or richness, physiological and/or ecological performance, morphology) or from
the concentrations of specific substances in the monitor tissues (Wolterbeek, 2000).
Many organisms (cyanobacteria, lichens, mosses, trees, mollusks, fishes, birds and
small mammalians) and some of their parts (tree barks, tree rings, pine needles,
grasses, leaves, blood, urine hair and nails) have been used as biomonitors (Yasar et
al, 2010)
In this study, Calamintha nepeta subsp. glandulosa was used as study materials.
Plant and soil materials were collected from different types of polluted areas such as
brook coast, expressway, railway, industrial zone in Kocaeli, Turkey. Control samples
were collected from Başıbüyük Forest (Control), where there is no motor vehicle
traffic and any industrial activities. Leaf samples were divided into two sub-samples;
some of them were thoroughly washed several times with tap water followed by dis
134
tilled water to remove dust particles in a standardized procedure, and rest of them
was untreated. Standard procedures were used and the determinations of the heavy
metals and nutrient elements (B, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Zn) in all
samples (washed-unwashed leaf, stem, root and soil) were done using an Inductively
Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). In addition, the usability
of this plant as a heavy metal pollution monitor to define the pollutant types and
to calculate the ratio of airborne and soil borne contaminations in Kocaeli region
was investigated. As a result of the measurements, it was observed that heavy metal
pollution is affected by the industrial activities significantly and Calamintha nepeta
subsp. glandulosa could be use a biomonitor organism, especially with its leaves and
roots.
Keywords: Heavy metal, trace elements, pollution, industry, traffic, biomonitor
References:
1.Wolterbeek, B., 2000, Proceedings of an international workshop organized by the International
Atomic Energy Agency in co-operation with the Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear and the Universidade
dos Açores and held in Praia da Vitória, Azores Islands, Portugal. 2.Akguc, N. et al., (2008), Pak. J. Bot.,
40(4), 1767-1776. 3.Yılmaz, R., et al., (2008), Pak. J. Bot.,38(5), 1519-1527. 4.Badora, A., (2002). Polish
J. Environ. Stud., 11(2), 109-116. 5.Wolterbeek, B., (2002). Environ. Pollut., 120, 11-21. 6.Yasar, U., et al.,
(2010), Rom. Biotech. Let. 15(1), 4979-4989.
SL.H.02.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HARVESTING TIME AND FRUIT
QUALITY IN SEEDLESS BARBERRY, AS A MEDICINAL
SHRUB
Parviz Rezvani Moghaddam1, Mahsa Aghhavani-Shajari1, Jabbar
Fallahi1, Marziyeh Nasiri-Mahallati2
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran;
Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran
1
2
Barberry (Berberis vulgaris) is a dicotyledon, perennial species and well-known
medicinal plant in Iran and has also been used as a food product. Barberry is cultivated
as a domestic plant for many years in southern parts of Khorasan province of Iran.
There is evidence that the barberry was domesticated about 200 years ago in this
region [6]. Different parts of this plant such as fruit, root and stem have anti-bacterial,
anti-fungal and antioxidant effects. The aim of this study was to determine whether
early or late harvesting have any effect on quality of fruit production? In order to
study the effect of different harvesting date (10 September, 2 October, 23 October and
13 November) on some qualiattives characterstics of seedless barrbery an experiment
135
was conducted in a Complete Randomized Block Design with three replications at
Qayen, Southern Khorassan province, Iran, in 2008 and 2010. In each harvesting date
the amounts of pH, brix and acidity were determined by using the Bideli method[2],
also the amount of anthocyanin was measured by Timberlak and Bridle method [5].
Results of combined analysis showed that the effects of year and harvesting time
were significant in all of the studied factors. All of experimental parameters except
acidity had an increasing trend with delaying in harvesting date, so that the highest
amounts of pH (3.36), brix (15.9%), maturity index (8.76) and anthocyanin (40
mg/100 ml extract) were obtined on 13 November and the lowest amount of these
factors were observed on 10 September. Results of interaction effects showed that the
highest amount of medicinal component of anthocyanin (48 mg/100 ml extract) was
gained in 2008 and on 13 November. The results of correlation coefficient showed
that, correlation of anthocyanin was positive with brix and maturity index (r=0.85**
r=0.86*, respectively). Overall, medicinal quality of fruit barberry was improved
with delaying in harvesting. Our results showed that the best harvesting date was 13
November that improved qualitative indices of seedless barberry in the studied region.
This results were correspondence with the other researches [1,3,4]. Soluble solids and
acidity are useful chemical traits that define the optimal time for harvesting [1], and
forth harvesting date had the best condition for these indices. Moreover the amount
of anthocyanin was higher in final harvesting date. These secondary metabolites are
produced during the plateau phase of the fruit growth curve, when growth ends and
carbon is no longer needed in large quantities for primary metabolism and secondary
compounds are more actively synthesized [1].
Keywords: Berberis vulgaris, medicinal plant, maturity index, anthocyanin
Refrences:
1. Arena, M. E., Curvetto, N. S. (2008). Sci. Hort. 118: 120–127. 2. Bideli, N. (2000). Effects of Intercepter
in Inhabitation of Non-enzymatic Browning of Barberry. Mashhad: Institution of Agricultural
Researches. Iran. 3. Chandra, K., Todaria, N.P. (1983). Sci. Hort. 19:, 91-95. 4. Fallahi, J., et al. (2010).
Iranian Field Crops Res. 8: 225-234. 5. Timberlake, C.F., Bridle, P. (1982) Distribntion of anthocyanins
in food plant: Anthocyanins as food colores. Academic Press. London. 6. Kafi, M., Balandari, A. (2004)
.Barberry (Berberis vulgaris): Production and Processing. Ferdowsi University Press. Mashhad.
136
SL.H.03.
RESPONSE OF SAFFRON TO PLANTING DISTANCES AND
IRRIGATION TIMES
1
Parviz Rezvani-Moghaddam1, Ali Asghar Mohammad-Abadi1,
Jabbar Fallahi1, Mahsa Aghhavani-Shajari1
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran
Saffron as a spicy and medicinal plant has more than of 62,000 ha cultivation area,
with about 210 ton annual production, in Iran [3,4]. Improvement of agronomical
methods in saffron production has an important role in increasing yeild of this plant
[4]. Therfore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of planting distances
and irrigation management on yield and growth of saffron. This experiment was
conducted in organic farm of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, as a factorial
experiment based on Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications,
in 2008, 2009 and 2010. First studied factor was planting pattern of saffron (planting
distances of 20*5, 20*10, 20*15 and 20*20 cm) and the second one was irrigation
management (first irrigation performed in the beginning of September, the beginning
of October and early November). Results of combination analysis showed that flower
yield was 5.2, 238 and 262 kg/ha in 2008, 2009 and 2010 respectively and these values
for fresh stigma yield were 0.2, 17 and 30 kg/ha, respectively. Effects of first irrigation
time was not significant, however irrigation at early november was more effective.
The results of mean comparison showed that the highest amounts of flower and
stigma yield were obtained in pattern 10*20 cm, and this subject is because of the
maximum amounts of diameter, weight and bud number in corms of this treatment.
The highest value of total weight of corms was observed in pattern 5*20 cm, that the
remarkable amount of this was belonged to their scales. It seems that increasing of
competition between corms, were caused increasing of scale weight, in this planting
pattern [4]. Respect of this observations, and other investigations it seems that the
size and weight of corms had more important role than number of corms in final
yield [4]. Overall, the best conditions for growthing and yield of saffron was in 20*10
cm, these results are corresponding to other researches [1,2,4].
Keywords: Crocus sativus, Medicinal plants, flower yield, stigma yield
Refrences:
1- Alavi, H. et al. (1994) 2nd National Seminar on Saffron and Cultivation of Medicinal Plants. Gonabad.
Iran.
2- Ghalavand, A., Abdollahian, M. (1994) 2nd National Seminar on Saffron and Cultivation of Medicinal
Plants. Gonabad. Iran. 3- Hassan-Beygi, S. R. et al. (2010) Sci. Hort. 124: 109–115. 4- MohammadAbadi, A. A. et al. (2011) J. Agroeco. In press.
137
SL.H.04.
EFFECT OF WATER AND SALINITY STRESSES ON
GERMINATION INDICES AND SEEDLING GROWTH
IN ARTICHOKE (CYNARA SCOOLYMUS) AND PURPLE
CONEFLOWER (ECHINACEA PURPUREA)
Parviz Rezvani Moghaddam1, Mohammad Behzad Amiri1, Hamid Reza
Ehyayi1, Jabbar Fallahi1, Mahsa Aghhavani-Shajari1
1
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran.
Drought and salinity are widespread problems around the world [4]. Germination is
one of the most critical phases of plant life in which greatly influenced by stress [2]. Poor
germination and decreased seedling growth result in poor establishment and occasionally
crop failure [4]. Therefore, the objective of this research was to study the effects of water
and salinity stress on germination properties and early seedling growth in Artichoke
and Purple coneflower medicinal plants. For this four laboratory’s experiments were
conducted in completely randomized design with four replications at Ferdowsi
University of Mashhad in 2009. Treatments were eight levels of water stress (0, -2, -4, -6,
-8, -10, -12 and -14 bar) for first and second experiments and six levels of salinity stress
(0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 Mmol of NaCl) for third and fourth experiments. Results
showed that germination percentage in two studied plants was decreased with increas in
stress levels. The decrease in germination under drought and salt stress conditions is due
to the fact that seeds develop an osmotically enforced dormancy in these conditions [3].
Artichoke was more resistance than Purple coneflower to water and salinity stress, where
amount of germination in Artichoke and Purple coneflower were 72 and 5% in -10 bar
of water stress, these amounts were 75 and 8% in 150 Mmol of salinity stress. Moreover,
mean germination time (day-1) increased by increasing in water stress in Artichoke but
there were not significantly different in Purple coneflower. Radicle to plumule length
ratio was increased by increasing in water and salinity levels in artichoke, while this
ratio was without difference in water stress and was decreased in salinity stress in purple
coneflower. Reported that an increased root/shoot ratio appears to be an adaptation
to stress, resulting in more efficient water and nutrient uptake under stress conditions
[1]. Also, seedling dry weight was decreased by increasing water and salinity stress in
two studied plants. Overall, it seems that germination indices and seedling growth in
Artichoke were superior than Purple coneflower.
Keywords: Drought, Mean Germination Time, Radicle, Plumule
Refrences:
1. Gorham, J., et al. (1999) Plant Soil. 89:15–40. 2. Misra, N., Dwivedi, U.N. (2004) Plant Sci. 166: 1135–
1142. 3. Saboora, A., Kiarostami, K. (2006) Pak. J. Biaol. Sci. 9 (11): 2009-2021. 4. Soltani, A., et al. (2006)
Environ. Experi. Bot. 55: 195–200.
138
SL.H.05.
SELECTION THE BEST INVITRO CULTURE FOR
PROPAGATION OF MOUNTAIN MEDICINAL PLANT
(HYMENOCRATER PLATYSTEGIUS RECH.)
Mozhgan Sabet Teimouri1, Mehdi Nassiri Mahallati2
1
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, College of Agriculture, Department of Agronomy,
Iran,2Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, College of Agriculture, Department of Agronomy, Iran
Hymenocrater platystegius Rech. is indigenous to Khorasan province in the north
east part of Iran. Sampling was conducted from six habitats (Bazangan, Bezd, Bezgh,
Golmakan, Kalat and Zoshk) of H. platystegius in the Khorassan-e-Razavi province. In
order to investigate the effect of different B5, MS and 1/2MS invitro culture hormonal
treatments and carbon activate and non carbon activate added for reproduced this
herb. There is different rooting and shooting hormones for propagated. Therefore, a
series of experiments were performed in laboratory study was carried out in 2009-2011
at Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. The experimental
design was factorial of kind of hormones based on completely randomised block
with 5 replications. Treatments included 4 Hormones with 5 levels of NAA (0.5, 1,
2, 3 and 4 mg/lit), IAA (0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 mg/lit), IBA (0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 mg/lit) and 5
levels of BAP (0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 mg/lit). Results indicated that NAA and MS culture is
the best treatments in others. That hormones imposed a significant effect on shooting
propagated (P<0.01) and MS+3 (mg/lit) BAP significantly negative effects of length
and number of roots as well as fresh weight per sample plant. The MS and carbon
activate culture is the better than non carbon activate culture. In this culture, 1 (mg/
lit) IBA and 3(mg/lit) BAP interactions were also significant (100 % of samples were
live). But there were not propagated samples in vitro culture of this plant. Adaptation
for this plant is very hard and research on this part of study is continued.
Keywords: BAP, hymenocrater platystegius, IBA, Invitro, NAA.
139
SL.H.06.
IMPACT OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE IN
MORPHOLOGY AND SECONDARY CHEMICAL
PRODUCTION IN MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS
Mahdi Faravani1, Baki Hj. Bakar2 and Baratali Gholami1
Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Research Resources Center, Mashhad, Iran
2
Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
1
The concentration of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere has reached to
approximately 390 ppm in 2010. The present level is higher than at any one time
during the last 800 thousand years and likely to be higher than in the past 20 million
years due to inter-alia, the industrial revolution and uncontrolled use of fossil fuels,
land degradation and deforestation principally in the tropical rainforest regions.
Such level of emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere plays a significant
deleterious role in the greenhouse effect. Global climate change is known as one of the
greatest challenges to the humankind and all other life-forms on Earth. Worldwide
changes in seasonal patterns namely early flowering, late cold spring, weather events,
temperature ranges, and other related phenomena have all been shown as the resultant
effect of global climate change. Global climate change is causing noticeable effects on
the life cycles, growth and active ingredients of herbs and these may lead to parallel
short- and long-term changes to the spatio-temporal distribution of medicinal
plants around the world, and the phenology of local species. These changes may be
partially attributed to invasive plant species entering into particular habitat(s) and
ecosystem(s) leading to competition over space and resources between the invasives
and their endemic counterparts. Climate change may not directly initiate chemical
changes in the profile of metabolites and constituents produced by plants but it could
add to existing stresses among competing plants, and can affect secondary metabolites
and other compounds that plants produce, and these in effect could impact on their
medicinal activity.
Keywords: Climate change, herbs, phenology, carbon dioxide, active ingredients
140
SL.H.07.
EFFECT OF WATER STRESS, BIO-FERTILIZER AND
MANURE ON SEED AND ESSENTIAL OIL YIELD OF CUMIN
(CUMINUM CYMINUM)
Mohammad Javad Seghatoleslami1 and Hamid Reza Zabihi2
Islamic Azad university, Birjand branch, Birjand, Iran; 2Agricultural and Natural Resource
Research Centre of Khorasan-e- Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
1
Optimizing irrigation management together with the cultivation of suitable crops
is appropriate in arid regions. In this condition, soil fertilizing method is very
important. In order to study the effect of fertilization method and supplemental
irrigation on seed and essential oil yield of cumin, under a rain fed system, an
experiment was conducted during two successive seasons, 2009/2010 and 2010/2011,
at the Agricultural Research Center of Islamic Azad University, Birjand branch, Iran.
Experimental design was split plot based on randomized complete block with three
replications. Two irrigation treatments (rainfall + 3 irrigations, water stress and rainfall
+ 6 irrigations, control) were as main plots and 7 fertilization methods (control- no
fertilizer, 10 t/ha manure- 10M, 5t/ha manure- 5M, 50 kg/ha nitrogen as urea- 50N,
5M+25Nand seed inoculation with Pseudomonas putida and P. fluorescence ) were as
sub plot. Manure was used only in first year. Total rainfall in growing season were 123
mm and 62 mm in 2009/2010 and 2010/2011, respectively. Water stress significantly
reduced seed and essential oil yield, but had not any significant effect on essential
oil percent. Interaction of irrigation and fertilization method on essential oil yield
was significant. The highest seed yield in water stress conditions (38.2 and 24.2 g/
m2 in 2009/2010 and 2010/2011, respectively) was related to 5M+25N, but in control
irrigation treatment, the highest seed yield in 2009/2010 (73.2 g/m2) and 2010/2011
(63.6 g/m2) was related to 50N and 5M+50N, respectively. Using Pseudomonas sp.
had not any positive effect on the yield. Treatments with the highest seed yield, had
the highest seed essential oil yield, because essential oil percent was not significantly
different between treatments. In conclusion, application of 5 t/ha manure + 25 kg/ha
nitrogen with 6 irrigations had the highest seed essential oil yield.
Keywords: cumin, bio-fertilizer, manure, water stress, essential oil
References:
1. Ahmadian, A. et al. (2011) African J of Agric. Res. 6(10): 2309-2315. 2. Bhattacharyya, R.
et al. (2008) Europ. J. Agronomy 28: 33-46. 3. Khazaie, H. R. et al. (2008) Ind. Crops Prod.
27: 315-321.
141
SL.H.08.
ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN DRIED STEVIA
LEAVES BY ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETER
GROWN UNDER VARIOUS SOIL CONDITIONS
Raman Dang1*, Kuntal Das2 and Laxminarayan Hegde3
Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Hosur Main Road, Bangalore- 27, India.
St. John’s Pharmacy College, #6, R.P.C. Layout, Vijayanagar, Bangalore-40, India.
3
KRC College of Horticulture, Arabavi, Belgaum, India.
*1
2
Stevia cultivation were conducted at different places of South India viz. Ripponpet
(Dist. Karnataka) and Aravavi (Dist. Gokak), under an acidic and basic soil zones
(pH 6.10 and 8.20 respectively) to procure the high yield foliage production and to
determine the accumulation of non essential heavy metal contents (Ni, Pb, Cr and Cd)
in dried leaves of Stevia plant by applied of bio-fertilizers. Analyzed results revealed
dried Stevia leaves contains very trace amount of Ni, Pb, Cr and Cd where as the
amount of leaf biomass increased up to six months of the study (341g) procured from
acidic soil zone. The same trends were followed in case of basic soil samples, where
dried biomass increased up to 325 g during total six months of study. The level of
heavy metal content differed in the same Stevia plant collected from environmentally
different sites and were found to be varied in both the soil zones but calculated lesser
than that of toxic level. This may be due to nature of soil environment and intake of
nutrients by supplied biofertilizers in soil.
Keywords: AAS, Heavy metals, Biofertilizers, Soil condition
References:
1.Chalapathi MV, Thimmegowda S, Gangadhar Rao G, Devkumar N, Chandraprakash J. Influence of
fertilizer levels on growth, yield and nutrient uptake of ratoon crop of Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana). J.
Med. Aromatic Plant Sci. 1999; 21: 947–949. 2.Neil PO. Minor Element and Environmental Problems.
Envir. Chem, 2nd ed; 1993. 3.World Health Organization. Quality Control Methods for Medicinal Plant
Materials, WHO Geneva Switzerland. 1998.
142
SL.H.09.
EVALUATION OF ELEVATED CO2 AND FERTILIZER
EFFECTS ON PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS,
ESSENTIAL OIL AND YIELD OF LEMON BALM
(Melissa officinalis L.)
Farzad Mondani1, Mahmoud Shoor2, Akbar Aliverdi3
1- Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agronomy,
Mashhad, Iran; 2- Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Faculty of Agriculture, Department
of Horticultural Science, Mashhad, Iran; 3- Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Faculty of
Agriculture, Department of Agronomy, Mashhad, Iran
CO2 enrichment and nutritional improvement can usually increase photosynthesis
and growth of different crops that production can be subsequently enhanced. There
has been little information about elevated CO2 on medical plants. The aim of the
present study was to assess interactive effects of CO2 enrichment and fertilizer on
physiological characteristics and essential oil of lemon balm. Experimental units are
composed of CO2 at 380, 700, and 1050 ppm with and without the application of
manure and N fertilizer. Results indicated that, with increasing of CO2 concentration,
a continuous increasing trend of individual plant leaf area, total dry weight
accumulation and relative growth ratio were recorded. When CO2 concentration
was elevated from 380 to 1050 ppm, the values of height (24.3%), SPAD reading
(2.7%), essential oil yield (26.3%) and final yield (65.3%) were increased. Unlike,
Stomatal conductance (35.2%) and essential oil percentage (53%) were decreased
with CO2 enrichment. Moreover, the highest and the lowest values (except essential
oil percentage) were obtained under application of N fertilizer and no fertilizer,
respectively. Except SPAD reading, interaction between the elevated CO2 and each
fertilizer on all measured characteristics had a significant effect so that the effect
of CO2 enrichment was intensified by applying each fertilizer. Therefore, it can
concluded that when the temperature increase caused by rising CO2 is not considered
or there is not a limitation for resources, CO2 enrichment will lead an improvement
in lemon balm biomass and essential oil yield.
Keywords: Climate change, essential oil yield, medicinal plant, stomatal conductance
143
SL.H.10.
The effect of planting date and different
levels of manure cattle on two cultivars of
basil in the field (Ocimum basilicum L.)
R. Soroor Emami¹ J. Daneshian²and M. Bigdeli³
Department of Agronomy, Takestan Branch , Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran;
Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Iran; 2 Education and Extension Organization
of Iran(AREEO) 3Department of Agronomy, , Takestan Branch , Islamic Azad University,
Takestan, Iran Corresponding authors: [email protected], [email protected]
Nowadays, demand for organic production of basil is increasing because its medicinal
characteristic has a strong association with organic production (Toyes-Aviles, 2003).
In order to study the effect of planting date levels and different levels of cattle manure
and cultivars on yield and yield components of basil, a field experiment was conducted
at Guilan region in 2008. The experiment was carried out using Factorial in position
Experiment (Factor 1: 3 levels of cattle manure including 0, 15&30 T.ha-1; Factor 2:
3levels of planting date was considered in 3 levels include: 28, May.2008 -7, Jun.2008
-17,Jun.2008 and Factor 3: 2 cultivars including green & purple cultivar) based on
randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Means comparison performed
at 5% probability level using Duncan’s test. Result indicated that cattle manure effect
was significant on most of yield components and essential oil yield like leaf dry weight,
total dry weight, plant height, biological yield, seed yield and essential oil yield which
the highest level of each trait was 85.5 g.m-2, 350.4 g.m-2, 58.5 cm, 14135Kg.ha-1, 2042
Kg.ha-1& 58 L.ha-1 respectively reached from applied 30T.ha-1cattle manure. So result
indicated that planting date’s effect was significant on some of yield components like
total dry weight and biological yield .Kind of cultivar significantly affected leaf dry
weight, total dry weight, biological yield, seed yield with the highest levels 85 g.m2
, 313.3 g.m-2, 13198 Kg.ha-1, 1590.8 Kg.ha-1 that Respectively achieved from green
cultivar but the highest levels of essential oil yield that achieved from purple cultivar(42
L.ha-1). The significant interaction effect between planting date and cattle manure on
total dry weight achieved from applied 30T.ha-1cattle manure on first planting date .The
significant interaction effect between cattle manure and cultivar on total dry weight
achieved from applied 30T.ha-1cattle manure on green cultivar.
Keywords: planting date, basil, cattle manure, essential oil
Acknowledgements: 1.Islamic Azad University, Takestan ,Iran, , Takestan Branch
References:
1. Toyes-Avilés, S.R. 2003. Productores orgánicos Del Cabo: un caso exitoso de producción y
comercialización orgánica. Memoria de la XV semana internacional de agronomía. FAZ-UJED. Gómez
Palacio, Durango, México. 8 al 12 de septiembre de 2003. pp. 104-108.
144
SL.H.11.
EFFECT OF VARIOUS TREATMENTS ON SEED
GERMINATION AND DORMANCY BREAKING IN
WITHANIA SOMNIFERA L.
Shahram Riahinia1 ,Fatemeh Ranjbar 2 ,Nafiseh Kamayestani3 Hossein
Mardani 4
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran;
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran;
3
Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
1
2,3
Seeds of most medicinal plant species have dormancy to adapt to a wide range of
environmental conditions. So, understanding ecophysiological factors affecting
dormancy and create optimal conditions for seed germination and cultivation of
medicinal plants to produce them is necessary. This experiment was conducted
to study the effects of different treatments on seed dormancy and germination
of withania somnifera and recommendation the effective treatment to increase
germination and early seedling growth.
To evaluate the effect of sulfuric acid on seed germination of withania somnifera,
plots were arranged as factorial, using a completely randomized design with three
replications. The study was conducted in Ferdowsi University of Agricultural
Sciences, research laboratory in 2011.Treatments consisted of two concentrations
of sulfuric acid 70% and 98% in various time intervals (10,30 and 60 minute),and
distilled water were used as controls.
The results showed that treatment with sulfuric acid increased significantly
germination rate and germination percentage, (P<0.05). Soaking seeds in concentrated
sulfuric acid (H2SO4) increased mean germination time and decreased seed vigor.
Scarification with concentrated sulphuric acid (98% purity) for 10 min was the most
efficient treatment to promote germination in withania somnifera seeds.
Keywords: seed germination, dormancy breaking, Withania somnifera L.
145
SL.H.12.
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT GIBBERELLIC ACID DOSES
ON THE GERMINATION OF SOME ENDEMIC SIDERITIS
SPECIES
Ahmet Gümüşçü1, Osman Tugay2, Yüksel Kan3, Gönül Gümüşçü4
Selçuk University, Cumra High Educational College, 42500, Çumra-Konya, Turkey
2
Selçuk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Konya, Turkey
3
Selçuk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Konya, Turkey
4
Bahri Dagdas International Agricultural Research Center, Karatay, Konya, Turkey
1
This study was carried out at the laboratories of the Selcuk University, Cumra High
Educational College, Konya, in 2009. The plant materials were Sideritis congesta
P.H. Davis et Hub.-Mor., Sideritis condensata Boiss. et Heldr., Sideritis leptoclada
O. Schwarz et. P.H. Davis, Sideritis tmolea P.H. Davis and Sideritis libanotica Labill.
ssp. linearis. All of these plant materials were endemic to Turkey. All plants of the
Sideritis species generally have germination problems. Therefore, the research on the
cultivation of such species via seeds has difficulties. For this reason, the gibberellic
acid hormone was used to solve this problem. The hormone doses were used 100,
250, 500, 750 and 1000 ppm, at the room temperature and 8 hours light, 16 hours
darkness conditions in the laboratory conditions. According to the results; the
highest germination rate determined in different hormone doses were 54% in 500
ppm of S. leptoclada seeds and followed by 46% in 1000 ppm, 40% in 100 ppm, 40%
in 750 ppm of the same species.
Keywords: Sideritis, Lamiaceae, germination, gibberellic acid, endemic
Acknowledgments: This study was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research
Council of Turkey (TUBİTAK). This paper was prepared from a part of this study.
146
SL.H.13.
The effects of chemical and biofertilizers on
yield and quality of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris)
Ahmad Gholami1, Roja Farhoodian2, Hassan Makkarian1, Mostafa
Govahi3, Hamid Abbasdokht1
Shahrood University of Technology, Department of Agronomy, Shahrood, Iran, 2MSc
Agronomy, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran, `3Medicinal Plant Centre of
Jahad-e Daneshgahi of Mazandaran, Sari, Iran
1
Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) is member of Lamiaceae family, which distributes in
different areas of Meditaranea and Asia. An experiment was conducted during 2010
to study the effects of chemical and biofertilizers on yield and quality of Thyme
(Thymus vulgaris) at experimental farm in research station of Jahad-e Daneshgahi
of Mazandaran. The factors were vermicompost (0, 2, 4 and 6 ton/ha), Nitroxin (0,
25%) and NPK (0,100:50:50 kg/ha). The experiment design was factorial experiment
in the base of randomized complete blocks design with sixteen treatments and three
replications. Results show that the highest plant height (27.3 Cm) was obtaind with
6 ton/ha vermicompost + NPK (100:50:50 kg/ha) treatment. The maximum fresh
and dry weight (1063.33 and 200 kg/ha) was related to the application of 4 ton/ha
vermicompost + NPK and nitroxin. The highest essential oil percent (2.5%) was
obtained with consumption of 6ton/ha vermicompost + application of nitroxin.
The highest thymol content (70/80 %) in essential oil was obtained with application
of 6 ton/ha vermicompost + NPK. The results indicated that application of 4 ton/
ha vermicompost + nitroxin + NPK in relation to yield and application of 6 ton/ha
vermicompost +NPK in relation to essential oil and thymol content, were better than
control.
Keywords: Biofertilizer, Thymus vulgaris, Thymol
147
SL.H.14.
INFLUENCE OF BIOFERTILIZERS ON STEVIOSIDE
CONTENT IN STEVIA REBAUDIANA GROWN IN
DIFFERENT SOIL ZONES IN INDIAN SUBTROPICS
Raman Dang1 and Kuntal Das2
Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy,
Hosur Main Road, Bangalore-27, India. 2 Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry,
St. John’s Pharmacy College, Vijayanagar, Bangalore-104, India
1
The present study was carried out to evaluate the influence of biofertilizers on
stevioside content (Main active principle) in the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana grown
in different soil conditions. The six month field experiment study was revealed the
combined application of three biofertilizers from both the soil zones improved
the total yield of fresh biomass over that of their corresponding sole applications.
However the amount and percentage increase of bio-mass yield were recorded
highest (22.14% and 928 g respectively) in the treatment when all three bio-fertilizers
were applied together in acid soil zone over basic soil zone (12.84% and 887 g
respectively). Simultaneously the number of branches increased with the decreased
of plant height from both the zones. Finally the contents of stevioside were recorded
significantly higher (20.17 %) in Stevia leaf collected from acid soil zone with the
same treatments (T8) over control and their corresponding sole applications by
applied HPLC chromatogram. The chromatographic separations were carried out
using a C18 column with mobile phase, Methanol and water (80:20), detected UV at
210 nm. The limit of determination of stevioside was 4 μg ml-1. The improved amount
of Stevioside was due to the standardized agronomic method, geographical and soil
nature of the country.
Keywords: Biofertilizer, HPLC, biomass, Stevia
References:
1.Bovanova L, Brandsteterova E, Baxa S. Estimation of Stevioside in Stevia extract by HPLC
chromatography. Zeitschrift für Lebensmitte luntersuchung and - Forschung A., 1998; 207 (5): 352.
2.Chalapathi MV, Thimmegowda S, Gangadhar Rao G, Devkumar N, Chandraprakash J. Influence of
fertilizer levels on growth, yield and nutrient uptake of ratoon crop of Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana). J. Med.
Aromatic Plant Sci. 1999; 21: 947–949.
148
SL.H.15.
Determination of some heavy metals and
mineral nutrients in soils and Mentha spicata
subsp. tomentosa grown in an industrial area,
Dilovası-Kocaeli-Turkey
İbrahim İlker Özyiğit1, Zeki Severoğlu1, Mustafa Keskin1, Ülkühan
Yaşar2, İlhan Doğan3, Azim Öztürk1, Göksel Demir4, Onur Zorluer1,
İbrahim Ertuğrul Yalçın1,4 and Fatih Mahmut Bulut1
Marmara University, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Biology Department, Göztepe, Istanbul,
Turkey, 2Bartın University, Faculty of Engineering, Environmental Engineering Department,
Bartın-Turkey, 3Izmir Institute of Technology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics,
Gülbahçe, Urla, Izmir, Turkey, 4Bahçeşehir University, Faculty of Engineering, Environmental
Engineering Department, Beşiktaş, Istanbul-Turkey
1
Phytotherapy, which is healing with plant is old, and has become as increasingly
popular as the history of humanity and botanical medications (Başgel and
Erdemoğlu, 2006). Thus, medicinal plants are consumed worldwide for the treatment
of several diseases and are important raw materials for the pharmaceutical industry
for the production of phytopharmaceuticals (Mamani et al., 2005). However, many
medicinal herbs and their mixtures can present a health risk such as injury to the
kidneys, symptoms of chronic toxicity, renal failure and liver damage due to the
presence of some toxic trace elements such as Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn (AbouArab et al.,1999). The release of trace metals through human activities into the
environment has increased over the years and their excess in the environment has
been reported to be extremely dangerous to human health (Olowoyo et al., 2010).
Environment conditions in developing countries, pollution from irrigation water, the
atmosphere and soil, sterilization methods and inadequate storage conditions all play
an important role in contamination of medicinal plants by heavy metals (Mamani et
al., 2005). Uptake of trace elements by plant varies and depends largely on several
factors, such as soil pH and organic matter content (Logan et al., 1997). Plant uptake
is one of the major routes of food chain exposure to trace elements in the soil. It
is important to have a good quality control for medicinal herbs in order to protect
consumers from contamination (Garcia et al., 2000).
In this study, Mentha spicata subsp. tomentosa and soil samples were collected from
4 different localities in Dilovası Organized Industrial Zone, Kocaeli Turkey. Samples
of control group (plant and soil) were collected from the Prince Islands, where there
is no motor vehicle traffic and any industrial activities. Leaf samples were divided into
two sub-samples; some of them were thoroughly washed several times with tap water
followed by distilled water to remove dust particles in a standardized procedure, and
rest of them were untreated. Standard procedures were used and the determinations
149
of the heavy metals and nutrient elements (B, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na,
Ni, Zn) in all samples (washed-unwashed leaf, stem, root and soil) were done using
an Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). As a result
of the measurements, it was observed that heavy metal pollution is affected by the
industrial activities significantly.
Keywords: Mint, heavy metal, nutrient, pollution, industry.
References:
1.Abou-Arab, A.A.K. et al., (1999). Food Chem., 67 357-363. 2.Mamani, M.C.V. et al., (2005). J
Pharmaceut Biomed., 37, 709-713. 3.Olowoyo, J.O. et al., (2010) Atmos Environ., 44, 1826-1830.
4.Logan, T.J. et al., (1997) Water Environ Res., 69, 28-33. 5.Garcia, E. et al., (2000) Sci Total Environ,
247:51– 56. 6.Başgel S. and Erdemoğlu S.B., (2006) Sci Total Environ 359: 82- 89.
SL.H.16.
DOSE HARVESTING SEEDLESS BARBERRY AT DIFFERENT
HOURS PER DAY MAKE ANY DIFFERENCES IN FRUIT
QUALITY INDICES?
Jabbar Fallahi1, Parviz Rezvani Moghaddam1, Mahsa AghhavaniShajari1, Marziyeh Nasiri-Mahallati2
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran ; 2
Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran.
1
Today many researches are focused on the small fruits such as seedless barberry
that are considered as source of organic and inorganic nutrients and medicinal
compounds [1]. Qualtative indices of berries such as anthocyanins are affected by
many invironmental factors as temperature and light [4,6]. Therefore, this expriment
was conducted to evaluated the effects of variability of daily temperatures on
qualitative indices of seedless barberry. The experiment was carried out as a split
plot in time based on CRBD with three replications in Qayen, Southern Khorassan
province, Iran, in year 2010. The experimental treatments were five different times
of harvesting per day at 16 Sept. and 17 Oct., 2010. Harvesting was done every three
hours which strated from 07.00 am (before sunrise) and ended at 19.00 pm (after
sunset). Different hours temperatures were recorded at 16 Sept. and 17 Oct (Table
1). The qualitative indices such as pH, brix percenatge, acidity and anthocyanin were
measured in each harvesting time. Results showed that qualitative indices of barberry
fruits were improved in early morning and late afternoon, moreover, all of the indices
were improved with delaying in harvesting date (Table 2). Many researches were
shown that the amounts of anthocyanin, acidity and soluble solids are affected by
150
changing temperature [3]. Anthocyanin and acidity had a decreasing trend with
increasing of temperature (Table 1,2), that it seems to be related with decreasing of
brix [5]. It has been reported that anthocyanins are more stable in low temperatures
and high acidity [3,4] that observed before sunrise and after sunset.
Table 1. Temperatures recorded at different times of harvesting at 16 September and 17 October, 2010
07.00 am
16 September
17 October
13 oC
4 oC
10.00 am
21 oC
13.00 pm
32 oC
16.00 pm
19 oC
19.00 pm
15 oC
17 oC
27 oC
15 oC
11 oC
Table 2. Effects of harvesting time and harvesting date on quality indices of barberry fruit.
Treatment
pH
Brix (%)
Acidity(%)
MI †
ACY‡
Hours of harvesting
07.00 am
3.245a
21.2a
3.7b
3.40a
23.7a
10.00 am
3.246a
9.70b
3.1c
3.03b
16.6b
13.00 pm
3.246a
10.0b
2.9c
3.33a
17.6b
16.00 pm
3.185
11.9
3.8
ab
3.19
24.8a
19.00 pm
3.183b
12.5a
4.0a
3.18ab
25.7a
b
a
ab
Dates of harvesting
16 September
3.0b
10.1b
3.7a
2.6b
16.3b
17 October
3.3a
12.5a
3.3b
3.7a
27.1a
† MI: Maturity index, ‡ ACY: Anthocyanin (mg/100 ml extract)
Keywords: Berberis vulgaris, medicinal plant, Anthocyanin
Refrences:
1- Arena, M. E., Curvetto, N. S. (2008). Sci. Hort. 118: 120–127. 2- Buttrose, M.S. et al. (1971) Am. J.
Enology and Viticulture. 22: 71-75. 3- Jyothi, A. N. et al. (2005) Int. J. Food. Prop. 8: 221–232. 4- Laleh,
G. H. et al. (2006) Pakistan J. Nut. 5: 90-92. 5- Mazza, G., Miniati, E. (1993) Anthocyanins in Fruits,
Vegetables, and Grains. CRC press, Cambridge, USA. 6- Yamane, T. et al. (2006) Am. J. Enology and
Viticulture. 57(1): 54-59.
151
SL.H.17.
DETERMINATION OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS SEED
GERMINATION PROPERTIES USING COLD TREATMENT
Eray TULUKCU
University of Selcuk Cumra Vocational High School Medicinal Plant Program, Turkey
Some medicinal plants seeds of the germination rate and velocity properties were
investigated in this research,
In this research, 24 different medicinal plants seeds were used in Cumra Vocational
High School in 2009-2010. The medicinal plants seeds thousand grain weights
calculated 4 times 100 counting and some seed were kept in the refrigerator 0 0C for
30 days. Germination tests were carried on four replicates of 100 seeds at 20ºC. At the
end of study, germination rate and velocity was recorded.
In this study, it was used 24 medicinal plants seed. The number of germination rate
days decreased 13 medicinal plants, Some plants increased such as Flax (Linum
usitatissimum), Rose Mallow (Alcea rosea) and Sweet William (Dianthus barbatus).
Using cold treatments the number of germination rate days was an average of 7 days,
Normal germination practice was 10 days.
Keywords: Germination rate, Germination velocity, Medicinal plants, Seed
SL.H.18.
EFFECT OF NITROGEN APPLICATION AND HARVESTING
TIME IN DIFFERENT GROWTH STAGE OF FLOWER ON
YIELD AND ESSENTIAL OIL CONTENT OF
Matricaria chamomilla L.
A. Mollafilabi1, A. Fariborzi 2, M. H. Rashedmohaseel2
1-Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Torbat-Jam Branch, Islamic Azad University,
Torbat-Jam, Iran; 2-Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of
Mashad. Iran
Coresponding author: [email protected]
According to importance of medicinal and aromatic plants and potential abilities
of Iran province for producing this plants an experiment was conducted in 2010
at agricultural experiment station Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Four levels of
nitrogen (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha) and three time of flower harvesting depend to
152
growing stage of flower (immature, semi-mature and mature flower) were compared
in a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete bloke design with 4
replicates. Results of this experiment showed that by increasing nitrogen up to 150
kg/ha, plant height and yield of plant (dry & wet flower yields) were increased.
The number of branches, the number of flower per plant, flower yield, essential oil
content and chamazulene were maximized at 100 kg/ha of N application. Highest
concentration of nitrogen caused a decrease in the above mentioned parameters. The
flower harvesting time treatment in all growth and quality parameters was significant
(p<0.05). Semi-mature flower treatment showed highest number of flower per plant,
the total yield (dry & wet flower yields) and essential oil content. The highest content
of chamazulene was observed in the mature flower treatm
Keywords: Matricaria chamomilla, essential oil, nitrogen, chamomile
SL.H.19.
The Effects Of Different Zinc Doses On The Yield
And Yield Attributes Of Fenugreek
(Trigonella Foenum-Graecum L.)
Rüveyde TUNÇTÜRK
Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Yuzuncu Yiıl University, Van, Turkey
This study was carried out to determine the effects of different zinc doses (0, 20, 40
and 60 kg/ha) on yield and some yield attributes of fenugreek (Trigonella foenumgraecum L.) in Van ecological conditions in 2006 year. Field trials were designed by
Completely Randomized Block Design with three replications at the experimental
fields of Agricultural Faculty of Yuzuncu Yıl University. In the study, plant height
(cm), the number of branches (branch plant-1), first pod height (cm), the number
of pods (pods plant-1), the number of seeds in pod (seeds pod-1), pod lenght (cm),
thousand-seed weight (g) and seed yield (kg ha-1) were determined.
According to statistical analysis, all the growth and yield parameters were significantly
(P<0.05) affected by zinc fertilization. Seed yield increased by increasing zinc doses.
As a result, the highest seed yield (707.2 kg/ha) was obtained from 60 kg ha-1 zinc
fertilizer application.
Keywords: Fenugreek, seed yield, zinc
153
P.H.01.
Effect of nitrogen on percentage of rutin AND
EXTRACT YIELD OF Calendula (Calendula officinalis L)
under water deficit stress
J. Daneshian 1, N. Rahmani 2 and P. Jonobi3
Islamic Azad University, Takestan branch, Iran. 2 Member of Young Research Club Islamic
Azad University, Takestan branch, Iran; 3 Tarbiat Moalem University of Tehran, Iran
Corresponding authors: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
1
The effects of water deficit stress and nitrogen were studied on flavonoid rutin perecent
and extract yield of Calendula (Calendula officinalis L.). An experiment was conducted
at Research Field of Islamic Azad University of Takestan-Iran branch in 2006. Field
experiment was carried out by a split plot design based on completely randomized
block design with 4 replications. treatments were three levels of stress as irrigation
after 40, 80 and 120 mm water evaporation from evaporation pan, and consumption
of 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg.ha-1nitrogen . The results indicated that water deficit stress
had significant effect on petial yield , petial weight to flower ratio ,extract perecent
,extract yield and flower quality .The highest of petial yield (809.8 kg.ha-1),weight
of petial to flower ratio (33.56 %),extract yield (218.6 kg.ha-1) and flower quality
(45.79) were got when plants were irrigated after 40 mm water evaporation,however
plants peroduced the highest extract weight with 31 perecent when irrigated after 80
mm evaporation .Nitrogen had signification effect on extract perecent ,extract yield
and rutin perecent .The most extract perecent (30 %), petial yield (495 kg.ha-1) and
extract yield (133.7 kg.ha-1) were got by applying of 90 kg.ha-1nitrogen. However,
highest rutin percent was obtained with 1.449 from without non applicition and 30
kg.ha-1nitrogen. Irrigation and nitrogen interaction effect were signification in petial
yield and rutin perecent .The highest petial yield was obtained normal water deficit
stress and application 90 kg.ha-1nitrogen,whereas the highest rutin perecent was
obtained 80 mm water evaporation and application 30 kg.ha-1nitrogen.The different
levels of application nitrogen indicated no diffrents with to gether in 120 mm water
evaporation. It seems that for maximum petal yield the optimum irrigation level is
adequate along with the maximum nitrogen consumption.
Keywords: Calendula, water deficit stress, nitrogen, rutin perecent and extract yield
References:
1.Pirzad,A., Alyai, H. Shakiba, M.R. Zehtab-salmasi, S.and Mohammadi, A..( 2006) Eessential oil
content and composition of German chamomile(Matricaria chamomilla L.) at different irrigation
regims.J.of Agron .5(3):451-455.
154
2.Omidbaigi,R., Hassani, A.and sefidkon, F.(2003).Essential oil content and composition of sweet basil
(Ocimum basilicum) at different irrigation regimes.jeobp.6:104-108
P.H.02.
The Effect of Different Irrigation Levels on
the oleuropein contents of Olive tree (Olea
europaea L. cv. Memecik) in the Western Coastal
Region in Turkey
Işın Yazıcı1, Fatih Karabey1, Şeref Akay 2, Ünal Kaya3, Hatice Demiray1
University of Ege Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Section of Botany, Bornova-İzmir
Turkey; 2University of Ege Faculty of Engineering Department of Bioegineering, Bornova-İzmir
Turkey; 3Bornova Olive Research Institute, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
1
In this study, the effect of different irrigation
levels on olive (Olea europaea L. cv. Memecik)
oil quality parameters was researched in the
Aegean Region during the crop seasons 200708. Six different irrigation water levels of
drip irrigation were tested using Class A pan
evaporation technique (I0 (kpc:0), I0.25 (kpc:0.25),
I0.50 (kpc:0.50), I0.75 (kpc:0.75), I1.00 (kpc:1.00), I1.25
(kpc:1.25)). Oleuropein (fig 1.)contents of them
were detected by HPLC Olive leaves shoved
Figure 1. Oleuropein structure
considerable contents of oleuropein (16.25 %)
in summer collected and no irrigation existed.
İn the same irrigation regime contents of oleuropein were decreased depending upon the
increasing irrigation regimes: 0.25 (10.28 %) ; 0.50 (2.19 %); 0.75 (1.43 %) ; 1.00 (0.09 %)
.But in winter period contents of oleuroropein were 0.55 % in waterless regime, while the
content increased as two folds of this value ( 1.14 %) in 1.25 irrigation regime. Contents
of oleuroropein was observed to be increased inversely proportional with increased
irrigation regimes in autumn period. The oleuropein values were 1.21 % in waterless,
0.76 % in 0.25 irrigation, 0.45 % in 0.50 irrigation, 0.44 % in 0.75 irrigation, 0.33 % in 1:00
irrigation and 0.25 % in 1.25 irrigation regimes. It did not observe any important increase
or decrease between contents of oleuropein depending upon the gradually increased
irrigation regimes in spring period (waterless (0.51 %) , 0.25 (0.39 %) ; 0.50 (0.38 %); 0.75
(0.11 %) ; 1.00 (0.79 %).
Keywords: oleuropein, irrigation, Olea europaea
155
P.H.03.
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF PHOSPHOROUS,
POTASSIUM AND NITROGEN FERTILIZERS ON YIELD,
YIELD COMPONENETS, ESSENTIAL OIL AND CHEMICAL
COMPOSITION OF THYME (THYMUS VULGARIS L.)
1
Toktam Ghoreyshi1, Majid Amini Dehaghi2,
Department of Natural Resources of Torbat-e Jam Branch, Islamic Azad University, TorbatJam, Iran; 2Faculy of agriculture, Shahed University, Iran
Corresponding author:[email protected], [email protected]
Thyme is one of the most important spices, is used all over the world, and includes
many species. One of the most important commercially grown species is Thymus
vulgaris L., which is endemic to the Mediterranean area. The objectives of this study
were to determine the effects of nitrogen, phosphor and potassium applications on
growth, yield, essential oil content, and essential oil yield of thyme. Three treatments
nitrogen (0, 50 kg.ha-1and 100 kg.ha-1), three treatment phosphor (0, 40 kg.ha-1, 80
kg.ha-1) and three treatment potassium (0, 40 kg.ha-1, 80 kg.ha-1) were used, and the
experiment was repeated at were conducted during 2007-2008 in medicinal plant
field Shahed Univercity in a sandy loam. The showed results with increase application
scale fertilizers nitrogen, phosphor and potassium slice fresh weight yield, dry herb
yield increased. Also effects polar twofold N50K80, N100P80 on morphologic yield and
N50k80, P0K80, N100P40 on essential oil yield highest effect and effects polar threefold
N50P80K80 on dry herb yield and highest effect N100P40K80 on Carvacrol ratio. With
increase dry herb yield, essential oil yield increased, But nitrogen no significant
on essential oil ratio and Thymol ratio that was symptomatic want effect fertilizer
treatment.
Keywords: Nitrogen, P-cymene, Phosphor, Potassium, Thyme, Thymol, Carvacrol,
Yield
156
P.H.04.
EVALUATION OF GERMINATION FACTORS OF
SALVIA SAHENDICA IN DROUGHT AND SALT STRESS
CONDITIONS
1
A. Mollafilabi1, M.T. Ebadi2, A. Farzaneh 3, E. Ebadi4
Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Torbat-Jam Branch, Islamic Azad University,
Torbat-Jam, Iran; 2Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares
University, Tehran, Iran; 3Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi
University of Mashhad, Iran 4- Researcher of Agriculture and Natural Resources Research
Center or Khorasan Razavi Provinc, Iran.
Salvia genus has 58 annual and perennial herbaceous species in Iran that 17 species
are endemic and Salvia sahendica is one of them that grows in Sahand mountains
in Iran. In order to investigate the effects of drought stress caused by PEG 6000
and salinity stress induced by NaCl on germination factors of Salvia sahendica,
two experiments were carried out based on a completely randomized design with
3 replications. In the first experiment, the effects of drought levels (0, -2, -4, -6, -8
and -10 bar that zero bar as control) and in the second one, the effects of salinity
levels (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mmol that zero as control) on percentage and
rate of germination, vigor index, radicle and plumule length were studied. According
to the results, different levels of drought and salt stress had significant effects on all
measured characteristics. S.sahendica was more sensitive to salinity stress because
of rapid decrease of percentage and rate of germination. Radicle length was affected
less than plumule length in these stress conditions. It seems that S.sahendica has well
tolerance to drought and salt stress in germination stage and it has high potential for
cultivation in stressful regions.
Keywords: Salvia sahendica, drought stress, salt stress, germination
157
P.H.05.
Effect of organic manure on Echium amoenum
flower production
Parviz Rezvani Moghaddam1,Azam Lashkari1, Mahsa Aghhavani
Shajari1,
1
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran.
Dry violet blue flowers of Echium amoenum (Gol-e-Gavzaban) has long been used
in traditional medicine of Iran. In order to meet the ever-increasing demand of E.
amoenum, for the indigenous systems of medicine as well as for the pharmaceutical
industry, E. amoenum need to be cultivated commercially, but the physical and
chemical situation of the soil fertility to plant production of E. amoenum is not
known clearly. This experiment was conducted based on Completely Randomized
Block Design with three replications and four treatments at Research Station, Faculty
of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, in year 2009-2011. Treatments
included: cow manure (30 t/ha), Urban compost (20 t/ha), vermicompost (5 t/ha) and
control. The results showed that studied treatments had significant effect on the most
of studied indices. The highest plant height was obtained in vermicopost treatment.
The highest main and lateral branches numbers and number of flowers per plant
were obtained in cow manure and vermicompost. In addition, the highest and lowest
fresh flower yield and dry flower yield were observed at second and fourth harvest,
respectively. Also, the highest and lowest number of flower per 5 g of flower obtained
at fourth and first harvest, respectively. Hussien [3] reported that some of growth
indices, dry and fresh yield of Dracocephalum moldavica increased by application
of compost [3]. It has been stated that growth indices of plants increased through
improving of physical and chemical characteristics of soil by application of organic
manure [1, 2]. Tahami Zarandi et al.[4] found that the maximum dry and fresh yield
of Ocmimum basilicum were obtained at third harvest [4]. Overall, our results showed
that studied organic manures have positive effect on E. amoenum petals production.
Keywords: compost, cow manure, vermicompost, medicinal plants, yield
References:
1.Azeez, J.O. et al. (2010). Biores. Tech. 101: 2499–2505. 2. Darzi, M.T. (2009). Iranian Journal of
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 25(1): 1-19. 3. Hussien, M. S. (2006). Sci. Hort. 108: 322-331. 4. Tahami
Zarandi, M.K. et al. (2010). J. Agroecology. 2(1): 63-74.
158
P.H.06.
HEAVY METALS DETERMINATION IN SPESIES OF FAMILY
GERANIACEAE AND CORRESPONDING SOILS AFTER
WILD FIRE
Marija Ilić1, Violeta Mitić1, Marija Marković2, Vesna Stankov
Jovanović1, Snežana Nikolić Mandić3
Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Department of Chemistry, Niš, Serbia, 2 Faculty of
Science and Mathematics, Department of Biology and Ecology, Niš, Serbia,3 University of
Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
1
Fire has been considered as an improving factor in soil quality, but only if it is
controlled. In the same time, wild fires are classified as a natural catastrophe, with
various consequences on living beings- diversity of plant species, possible changes
in plant’s physiology, chemical composition and potential biological activities. In
the summer 2007 on the Vidlic Mountain (Serbia), severe wild fire occurred and an
attempt to estimate a part of its impact was made.
Plants from Geraniaceae family have been commonly used in traditional medicine,
and significant interest in assessment of eventual elevated content of heavy metals
(Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn) as an influence of wild fire exists. Besides that, in aim to determine
ways of contamination, main soil characteristics and abundance of heavy metals in
different fractions obtained after sequential extraction of soil and their distribution in
aerial parts and roots of selected Geraniaceae family species (Geranium robertianum,
Geranium macrorrhizum i G. bohemicum) from post fire area were studied also. The
same plant species that inhabitate area not suffered from fire were used as a control,
except G. bohemicum, which was found only in the post fire area.
Though the amounts of analyzed heavy metals in soils fractions and in investigated
plants are generally elevated as a consequence of wild fire, their levels were still below
the harmful limits for all investigated plant species.
Keywords: wild fire, Geraniaceae, heavy metal, soil, sequential extraction
Acknowledgement:The research was supported by the Serbian Ministry of Science and
References:
1. Amiri,S. et al. (2008) Afr J Biotechno 7(21):3912-3916. 2. Macdonald, E. (2007) Forest Ecol Manag
239(1-3):21–31. 3. Garcia-Marco, S., González-Prieto, S. (2008) Sci Total Environ 407:297–303.
4. Gonzalez, M. et al. (1994) Intern J Environ Anal Chem 57:135-150. 5. Hoenig, M. (2001) Talanta
54:1021-1038. 6. Intawongse, M., Dean, J. (2006) Food Addit and Contam 23(1):36–48. 7. Jung, C.
(2008) Sensors 8: 2413-2423. 8. Kokaly, R. et al. (2007) Remote Sensing Environ 106:305–325. 9.
Quevauviller Ph (1998) Trends Anal Chem 17(5) 17:289–298. 10. Ramos, L. et al. (1999) Bull Environ
Contam Toxicol 62(3):301-308. 11. Umoren, I., Udousoro, I. (2009) Environmentalist 29:280–286. 12.
Zheljazkova, V. et al. (2008) Environ Exp Bot 64:207–216
159
P.H.07.
SEED YIELD AND WATER USE EFFECIENCY OF Carum
copticum AS AFFECTED BY WATER STRESS, SILVER
NANOPARTICLES AND MAGNETIC FIELD
Hassan Feizi 1, Parviz Rezvani Moghaddam 2, Mohammad Javad
Seghatoleslami 3, Hossein Sahabi4
Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, 3College of Agriculture,
Islamic Azad University, Birjand branch, Iran. 4 Member of Scientific Board, Torbat Heydarieh
Technical and Engineering Faculty, Iran
1,2
Magnetic fields produce physiologic changes in cell structure and thus can affect plant
performance. On the other hand nanoparticles may bind with different cytoplasmic
organelles and interfere with the metabolic processes at that site. In order to study the
effect of silver nanoparticles and magnetic field on Carum copticum and its role in
the reduce of water and fertilizer consumption, an experiment was conducted as split
plot based on randomized complete block with three replications in Agricultural
Research Center of Islamic Azad University, Birjand branch, Iran in 2010. Irrigation
levels (control- once a week until the end of growth and water stress- once a week
until the begin of flowering and after that every other week until the end of growth)
were as main plot and soil fertilizing methods (control with no fertilizer, fertilizing
with N-P-K based on soil analysis-F, using of magnetic band-M, using of silver
nanoparticles - N, M+N and M+ N + 50% F) were as subplots. The results show
water stress had not any significant effect on biomass and seed yield, seed and umbels
number per plant and biomass WUE, but in water stress conditions 1000 seed weight,
seed WUE and harvest index increased, significantly. Soil fertilizing method had
significant effect on biomass and seed yield, umbels and seed number per plant and
biomass and seed WUE. The use of base fertilizer (F) or magnetic band (M, M+N and
M+N+50% F) caused the highest seed and biomass yield and their WUE, however
silver nanoparticles had not any significant effect on these traits. Harvest index had
not significantly affected by fertilizing method. Also, interaction of irrigation levels
and soil fertilizing method was not significant on any measured traits. In conclusion,
although making magnetic field could increased crop yield probably through nutrient
uptake improvement, but it could not reduce water use in Carum copticum.
Keywords: Magnetic field, Silver nanoparticles, Water use efficiency, Yield
160
P.H.08.
THE EFFECT OF PLANTING DATE AND PLANT DENSITY
ON MORPHOLOGICAL TRITS, YIELD AND WATER USE
EFFECIENCY OF Plantago ovata
Seyed Gholam Reza Mousavi1 , Hamed Javadi2 and Elham Ansarinia3
Islamic Azad university, Birjand branch, Birjand, Iran; 2 Payamenoor university of
Birjand,3Member of Young Researchers Club, Islamic Azad University, Birjand Branch, Iran
1
In order to study the effect of planting date and plant density on Morphological traits,
yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of Plantago ovata, an experiment was conducted
as a split-plot based on a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications
at experimental field of Islamic Azad University, Birjand Branch, Birjand, Iran in
2008. The main plot was planting date at three levels of April 19, May 9 and May 30,
2008 and the sub-plot was plant density at three levels of 16.6, 22.2 and 33.3 plants/
m2. The results of analysis of variance showed that the effect of planting date was
significant on plant height, spike length, leaf number per plant, leaf, husk and grain
yield, and WUE for grain production. Means comparison indicated that retarding the
planting from April 19 to May 30 decreased plant height, spike length, leaf number/
plant, husk, leaf and grain yield, and WUE for grain production by 24.5, 29.9, 18.2,
65.4, 60.2, 60.2 and 46.9%, respectively. The traits of plant height, spike length, leaf
number per plant, tiller number per plant, leaf, husk and grain yield, and WUE for
grain and biomass production were affected by plant density. As the results showed,
with the increase in plant density from 16.6 to 33.3 plants/m2, plant height, grain
yield and water use efficiency were increased by 7.8, 82.8 and 82.1%, respectively,
but leaf number per plant, spike length and tiller number per plant were decreased
by 24.8, 5.9 and 28.9%, respectively. The highest husk and leaf yield and WUE for
biomass production was obtained at the density of 33.3 plants/m2 which were higher
than those at the density of 16.6 plants/m2 by 2.11, 2.10 and 2.06 times, respectively.
Swelling factor was not affected by planting date, plant density and their interactions.
Also, the interaction between planting date and plant density significantly affected
leaf, husk and grain yield and water use efficiency for grain production. In total,
according to the results, the planting date of April 19 with the density of 33.3 plants/
m2 is recommended to realize maximum yield and water use efficiency in Plantago
ovata cultivation in Birjand region, Iran.
Keywords: Plantago ovata, planting date, plant density, yield, WUE.
References:
1.Sabagh Nekonam, M. and K.H. Razmjoo (2007) Inter. J. Agriculture Biology, 9(4): 606-609. 2.
Karimzadeh, G. and R. Omidbaigi (2004) J. Agric. Sci. Technol. Vol. 6: 103-110. 3.Najafi, F. and P.
Rezvanimoghadam (2002) Agricultural Science and Technology Journal. 16(2): 59-65.
161
P.H.09.
THE EFFECT OF WATER DEFICIT STRESS AND NITROGEN
FERTILIZER ON FLOWER YIELD COMPONENTS OF POT
MARIGOLD (Calendula officinalis L.)
Seyed Gholam Reza Mousavi1 , 2 Mansor Fazeli- Rostampoor
Islamic Azad university, Birjand branch, Birjand, Iran; 2 Ph.D. Student of Islamic Azad
university science and research campus, Tabriz, Iran
1
In order to study the effect of water deficit stress and different nitrogen levels on
flower yield, yield components and water use effeciency of Calendula officinalis L.,
an experiment was conducted as split plot design based on randomized complete
blocks with three replications, at research field of Islamic Azad University of Birjand
branch in 2009. In this research water deficit stress set as main factor with three
levels (irrigation after 60, 120 and 180 mm cumulative evaporation from pan class
A) and nitrogen set as sub factor with four levels (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N ha-1).
The results showed irrigation trearments had significant effect (α=1%) on fresh and
dry flower yield, flower number per m2, biological yield, water use efficiency for
flower and biomass and plant height. The mean comparison showed that increasing
interval irrigation from 60 to 120 mm cumulative evaporation reduced flower no.m2
, flower dry weight, biomass yield and plant height 60,18.2, 69.3 and 39.4 percent,
respectively. Also in comparison with control, irrigation after 120 and 180 mm
evaporation reduced try flower yield 16.2 and 72 percent, respectively. However,
the highest wue was related to irrigation after 120 mm evaporation (0.161 and 0.788
kg. DM/m3 for dry flower and biomass, respectively). Nitrogen utilization increased
significantly flower yield, flower number, biomass yield, WUE and plant height,
but usually there was not any significant difference between 120 and 180 kg N ha-1
treatments. Interaction of irrigation and nitrogen on all traits was not significant.
Totally, the results indicated irrigation after 120 mm evaporation with 120 kg N ha-1
are suitable treatment for pot marigold cultivation in Birjand.
Keywords: Calendula officinalis L., irrigation , nitrogen, flower yield, WUE.
References:
1.Mohamadkhani N. and R. Heydari (2007) Pakistan journal of biological science, 10(22):4022-4028.
2.Pop G., et al. (2007) 1th international scientific conference on Medicinal, Aromatic and Spice plant:
Nitra, 20-23. 3.Shubhra K., et al. (2004) Biologia Plantarum, 48(3):445-448.
162
P.H.10.
Enhancing yield and aloin concentration of
Aloe vera plants by application of nitrogen
1
Saeid Hazrati1, Zeinolabedin tahmasebi Sarvestani 1*
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Aloe Vera is extensively used as a base element in preparation of medicine, cosmetics
and food supplements. The objective of this study was to find out the effect of
different nitrogen rates on the growth, yield and aloin concentration of Aloe vera
plants. Treatments include four levels of nitrogen (0, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg pot-1).
After 12 months growing morphological and physiological treats were measured. The
results showed that the application of nitrogen increased the growth factors such
as leaf number, leaf thickness, offset numbers and leaf weight. The highest levels of
aloin concentration and chlorophyll content were obtained in 1500 mg nitrogen.
Therefore, the results of this study showed that the application of nitrogen increased
growth, yield and aloin concentration in Aloe vera plants.
Keywords: Aloe barbadensis, Aloin, Growth, Nitrogen, yield
References:
1. Babatunde, FE., yongabi, KA. (2008). Effect of nitrogen on productivity of Aloe barbadensis L. and
its inhibitory effect on Trichophyton rubrum. Adv. Hort Sci. 22(3): 187-190. 2. Ji-Dong, W., Zaho-pu,
L., Qing-song, Z., Ling, L., Feng- zhi P. (2006). Effects of different nitrogen levels on seedling growth,
nitrat and its secondary metabolites in Aloe vera seeding. Plant. Nutr. Fertil. Sci. 12 (6):864-868. 3.
Khandelwal, SK., Meenakshi, J., Choudhary, MR., Gupta, KN. (2009). Effect of nitrogen and spacing
on growth and yield of Indian aloe (Aloe barbadensis L.). J. Med. Aromat. Plant. Sci. 31 (3): 203-205.
P.H.11.
MEDICINAL PLANT OF PLANTAGO LANCEOLATA L. AS A
BIOINDICATOR OF SOIL CONTAMINATION BY HEAVY
METALS (Pb, Cd and Zn)
Suvada Borić Šaćiragić1,2 Electrotechnic School, Sarajevo 2Center of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Faculty of
Science, University of Sarajevo, 71 000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
1
The species of Plantago lanceolata L. (Plantaginaceae) from time immemorial have
been used in both traditional medicine and in the official phytotherapy [1]. From
leaves and roots of this type are made by various traditional preparations as well
163
as official pharmacs in the prevention and treatment of respiratory tract, skin, and
gastroinstetinal system [2].
The species of Plantago lanceolata shows a tendency towards land that is contaminated
by heavy metals. This may restrict the use of this kind in human therapy and nutrition.
However, the ability of this species to absorb heavy metals, can also be used in the
processes of phytoremediation of land contaminated by heavy metals [3].
In different localities of Bosnia and Herzegovina have been sampled plant material
of Plantago lanceolata and soil. The material was prepared for standard chemical
analyse to determine of heavy metals (lead, cadmium and zinc). Chemical analysis of
samples was done at the atomic absorption spectrometer-firing techniques (Aanalyst
100, Perkin Elmer, AAS). The results of research are presented at the Table 1.
Table 1. The concentration of heavy metals at the aerial and ground part of Plantago lanceolata
L. species
Plant part
Aerial part
Ground part
The value of
concentration
The Concentration of heavy metals (mg/kg)
Pb
Cd
Zn
Mean
5,36
0,45
43,42
Maximal value
12,87
0,84
60,35
Minimal value
1,24
0,25
27,05
Mean
8,59
0,65
84,44
Maximal value
31,05
0,95
138,52
Minimal value
1,48
0,28
42,08
The concentrations of mean valuesof heavy metals (Pb, Cd and Zn) were higher
in the rhizome with the roots than in above plant parts and ranged over values.
The presence of heavy metals in this plant species to limits its use in modern
phytotherapy.
Keywords: Medicinal plants, phytotherapy, contamination, standarization, herbal
sector
References:
1.Plants for the Future.www.pfaf.org (Access: September 15, 2011). 2. Chiej R: Encyclopaedia of
Medicinal Plants. Edinburgh: MacDonald; 1984. 3. Dimitrova, I., Yurukova, L. (2005) Phytologia
Balcanica 11 (1): 89–96.
164
P.H.12.
PLANT POLYPHENOLS AS ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY
CORROSION INHIBITORS
Ivan Dragičević, Zora Pilić & Ivana Mišković
University of Mostar, Faculty of Science and Education, Department of Chemistry,
Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Plant extracts have became important as an environmentally admissible, readily
available and renewable source of materials for wide range of corrosion prevention. In
this work corrosion inhibition of spectroscopically pure iron was studied in chloride
solution in presence of environmentally friendly polyphneols such as (+)-catechin,
gallic acid in different concentrations and neutral phenolic fractions of plant extract
of the species Satureja montana L. (winter savory). Spectroscopic, electrochemical
and quantum-chemical methods were used.
Spectroscopic research of the plant extracts showed presence of tannic
compounds, especially condensed tannins, which are known as a good non-toxic
corrosion inhibitors. Potentiodynamic polarization research showed that (+)-catechin,
gallic acid and fractionated (phenolic) plant extracts of Satureja montana L. were
effective as cathodic inhibitors of iron corrosion process. Inhibition efficiency was
dependant on (+)-catechin and gallic acid concentration, and maximum value was
achieved at highest concentration. Langmuir adsorption isotherm was used for
adsorption process analysis on iron. Calculated Gibbs energy values indicated a
physical adsorption of (+)-catechin and gallic acid on the electrode surface. Passive
layer thickness was calculated from cyclic voltamograms on iron, which indicated
a decrease in presence of (+)-catechin, and the lowest value was determined for the
highest concentration. Impedance spectra measured on open circuit potential on iron
in presence of (+)-catechin, gallic acid and neutral phenolic fractions of plant extract
of the species Satureja montana L. showed an increase of passive layer resistance.
Maximum value of passive layer resistance was achieved for the highest concentration
of gallic acid and (+)-catechin. Results of quantum-chemical research indicated a
good accordance of the calculated molecular properties (HOMO energy) with their
behaviour as corrosion inhibitors. Research given in this work has confirmed positive
effects of plant polyphenols as environmentally acceptable corrosion inhibitors.
Keywords: iron, corrosion, polyphenols, (+)-catechin, gallic acid.
165
P.H.13.
Effects of application of organic, biological
and chemical fertilizers on seed yield of
Coriander (Coriandrum sativum)
Mahsa Aghhavani-Shajari1, Parviz Rezvani Moghaddam1, Reza
Ghorbani1, Mahdi Nassiri Mahallati1
1
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran
Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) is an annual medicinal plant that its seeds and
leaves have many food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics applications [6]. Therefore,
study the agronomical aspects of this plant is so important. It was reported that plant
nutrition management has significant effects on quantitative and qualitative indices of
coriander. In order to study the effects of single and combined application of organic,
biological and chemical fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of
Coriander, an experiment was conducted based on a Completely Randomized Block
Design with three replications and 12 treatments at Research Station, Faculty of
Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, in year 2011. Treatments included
: 1- mycorrhiza (Glomus intraradices), 2- biosulfur (Thiobacillus sp.), 3- chemical
fertilizer (NPK), 4- cow manure, 5- vermicompost, 6- mycorrhiza + chemical
fertilizer, 7- mycorrhiza + cow manure, 8- mycorrhiza + vermicompost, 9- biosulfur +
chemical fertilizer, 10- biosulfur + cow manure, 11- biosulfur + vermicompost and 12control. Results showed that the highest number of umbel per plant (19) and number
of umbelest per umbel (5) were observed in mycorrhiza treatment. These results are
accordance with the results of Kapoor et al. [5]. The highest number of seed per umbel
(22), number of seed per plant (366), seed yield (1468 kg/ha) and harvest index (55%)
were obtained in mycorrhiza + chemical fertilizer treatment. It was reported that
mycorrhiza improves growth indices and yield of plant by penetrating in the micro
pores of soil and increasing root absorption area [1, 2, 3]. Combined application of
biosulfur with chemical fertilizer had a noticeable effect on 100-seed weights and
biological yield indices. The highest essential oil percentage and essential oil yield
were observed in mycorrhiza and mycorrhiza with chemical fertilizer treatments,
respectively (0.2% and 2602 g/ha). Overall, results of this experiment showed that
application of biological fertilizer especially mycorrhiza had a significant effect on
improving of quantitative and qualitative seed yield of Coriander. Furthermore, the
combined application of mycorrhiza with organic and chemical fertilizer had better
effects than their single application. It has been reported that combined application
of nutritional sources increase plant growth through increasing of soil nutritional
balance [4].
Keywords: Biosulfur, Mycorrhiza, Essential Oil, Essence Yield
166
References:
1.Arpana, J., Bagyaraj, D.J. (2007). American-Eurasian J. Agric. Sci. 2(1): 33-38. 2. Backhaus, G.F. et
al. (1986). Can. J. Forest. Res. 16: 103–108. 3. Ghazi, A. et al. (2007). Africa. Crop. Sci. Soc .8: 1-5. 4.
Kanchikerimath, M., Singh, D. (2001). Agric. Ecos. Environ. 86:155-162. 5. Kapoor, R. et al. (2004).
Biores. Tech. 93: 307–311.6. Wangensteen, H. et al. (2004).Food Chem. 88(2): 293-297.
P.H.14.
POSSIBILITY OF USE ESSENTIAL OILS INSTEAD
ANTIBIOTICS IN ORGANIC AQUACULTURE
1
Vera NIKOLIĆ1, Dubravka ŠKRABA1, Predrag SIMONOVIĆ1 Ana TOŠIĆ1, Imre
KRIZMANIĆ1 and Zora DAJIĆ STEVANOVIĆ2
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology, Studentski trg 16, Belgrade, 11000,
Serbia; 2 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, Zemun, 11080, Serbia
Because intensive fish farming provides various diseases and parasites ideal
conditions to spread, many infectious diseases are treated with large quantities of
antibiotics added to feed. Increased public awareness of the negative effects caused by
overexposure to synthetic chemicals has led to the search for “green solutions” such
as organic food products (Abutbul et al, 2004). Some studies on the antimicrobial
activity of the essential oils of some Thymus spp. have shown activity against viruses,
bacteria and fungi (Rasooli et al., 2006). Results of Iranian study suggests that the
essential oil of Satureja bachtiarica is a potential source of natural antibacterial
against Streptococcus iniae from cutaneous lesions of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus
mykiss (Pirbalouti et al., 2011). A new report from China (Yea et al., 2009) led to a
new perspective on the use of natural extracts in aquaculture. This study reported
that extract from Cinnamomum kanehirae sowed antibacterial effects against
different pathogens of aquatic animals. In future, in Serbia as agriculture country,
such formulations may represent alternative therapeutic treatments in aquaculture
and hatcheries.
Keywords: essential oils, aquaculture, antibiotics
References:
1.Abutbul, A., Golan-Goldhirsch, A., Barazani, O. and D. Zilberg (2004): Use of Rosmarinus officinalis as
a traitmant against Streptococcus iniae in Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.). Aquaculture 238 97-105. 2.Abdollah
Ghasemi Pirbalouti, Vahid Nikobin Broujeni, Manouchehr momeni, Fatemeh Malek Poor and Behzad
Hamedi (2001): Antibacterial activity of Iranian medicinal plants against Streptococcus iniae isolated
from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Arch. Biol. Sci. 63 (1), 59-66. 3.Rasooli, I., Rezaei, M.B., and
A. Allameh (2006). Ultrastructuralstudies on antimicrobial efficacy of thyme essential oils on Listeria
monocytogenes. Int. J. Infect Dis. 10, 236-241. 4. Yeh R., Shiu Y., Shei S.C., Cheng S., Huang S., Lin J.
& Liu C.(2009) Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of leaf andtwig extracts of stout camphor tree,
Cinnamomum kanehirae,and the e¡ects on immunity and disease resistanceof white shrimp, Litopenaeus
vannamei. Fish and Shellfiish Immunology 27, 26-32.
167
SESSION I
ECONOMY OF HERBAL SECTOR
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
PLENARY LECTURES
PL.I.01.
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA AND MEDICINAL AND
AROMATIC PLANTS: THE TREASURE BOX FOR EUROPE
Klaus Duerbeck1, Dragana Pecanac²
Senior Consultant, SIPPO/Osec, Zürich, Switzerland; ²SIPPO National Expert, University of
Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
1
The Balkan region is one of the most important export regions for medicinal and
aromatic plants in Europe. During the 1990s, no less than 8% of the total global
MAP export volumes were exported from Eastern and South-eastern Europe.
In 2006 BiH share on the EU market for organic wild medicinal and aromatic
plant production was 5%. On the world and EU market BiH is recognized for the
efforts to offer sustainability of supply MAPs raw material and natural ingredients
implementing FairWild certified wild collection. Traditionally, wild-harvesting of
MAPs predominates in this region. Besides the export market the primary health care
segment for the national and regional market is also very important and contributes
to the basic health care system of BIH. From a development perspective, the subsector of wild-harvested plants has a very attractive potential since the most deprived
segment of the population is involved in this industry. The sector is mainly comprised
of SMEs, hence, any increase in sector’s competitiveness will have a favourable impact
on the large numbers of people. BiH is with a forest cover of more than 50% one
of the leading countries in Europe. It is estimated that approximately 70% of the
land area of BiH is used for rural income generation through wild collection. About
100 000 families are engaged in wild collection year by year. There is a continuous
need for training of collectors. Since 2001 SIPPO is the supporting the SMEs in
BiH for market entry in Europe through access to information, training of SMEs
and matchmaking. The potential for international trade based on international and
national (BiH) legislation is discussed.
Keywords: FairWild, sustainability, collection, income, SIPPO
Acknowledgements:
Armin Klöckner, former GTZ team leader, Private Sector Development, Sarajevo, BiH
Franziska Staubli, former Head of Food Section, SIPPO Headquarters, Zürich, Switzerland
Rainer Baechi (died 2010), former Member of Board of Trustees, FairWild Foundation
171
References:
1.SIPPO study(2011), The Organic Market in Europe, Overview and Market Access Information
2.CBI (2011), Market Information: Natural Ingredients for Pharmaceuticals. 3.Pecanac, Dragana
(2007); Conceptions of Sustainability in the Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Sector in Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Master Thesis.
PL.I.02.
MARKET ACCESS FOR HERBAL PRODUCTS IN THE
EUROPEAN UNION. AN OVERVIEW
Thomas Brendler1, Denzil Phillips2, Stefan Spiess3
Plantaphile Ltd., Belforter Strasse 20, 10405 Berlin, Germany
2
Denzil Phillips International Ltd., 25 Stanmore Gardens, Richmond, Surrey TW9 2HN;
United Kingdom; 3Grünwalder Gesundheitsprodukte GmbH, Ruhlandstraße 5, 83646 Bad
Tölz, Germany
1
Herbal products can enter the European Union in various ways and categories,
ranging from herbal medicines, supplements, foods and food ingredients all the
way to cosmetics and cosmetic ingredients. The European Union is in the process of
harmonizing the regulatory framework for each of those categories. Individual routes
of access will be described and discussed with regard to their relevant regulatory
requirements. Focus will be put on market authorizations of herbal medicines, for
full drug status, as bibliographic registrations for well-established use and under
the framework provided in the Traditional Herbal Medicinal Products Directive
(THMPD)1, as well as on food supplements in their various regulatory manifestations,
specifically regarding related functional and health claims. Market opportunities will
be highlighted as well as regulatory procedures and constraints.
Keywords: herbal products, herbal medicines, market access, EU regulations,
THMPD, EFSA
References:
1
Brendler T, Phillips LD, Spiess S. A Practical Guide to Licensing Herbal Medicinal Products.
Pharmaceutical Press 2009, London, UK.
172
PL.I.03.
The Potentials and Strategic Directions
of Medicinal and Aromatic Components to
Produce Medicine or Cosmetic Products in Iran
Mb. Rezaee
Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands (RIFR), Tehran-Iran
Iran with 1.64 million km2 areas is located in the Middle East, with 33% of the land
cultivable, 14 million km2 pasture, 60 million km2 steppe and 16 million km2 desert.
Persians were pioneers in using medicinal and Aromatic plants. Geographical and
climatic situations of Iran are unique in the world. So there are at least 800 to 1000
Medicinal and Aromatic plants in Iran. The results of research show that growing
some herbal plants in Iran have many advantages. For example cultivation of Thymus
spp and Mentha spp. in Iran produced the highest herb yield and accumulated
the highest amount of essential oil main components. More than 200 species are
economical plants, although so many species which are commonly used traditionally
for treatment are endemic in Iran.
Keywords: herbal plants, essential oil, economy, cultivation, aromatic plants
SESSION LECTURE
SL.I.01.
FINDING SOLUTIONS TO THE POVERTY PROBLEM IN THE
EMANCIPATION OF THE AFRICAN RURAL WOMAN: A
REVIEW OF THE MORINGA OLEIFERA TREE
Chibuzo N. Umeh1, Nwora A. Ozumba2, Innocent Igwilo3
Department of Applied Microbiology and Brewing, Nnamdi Azikwe Unversity, PMB 5025,
Awka, Nigeria. 2Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University,
PMB 5025, Awka, Nigeria; 3Department of Applied Biochemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University,
PMB 5025, Awka, Nigeria
Corresponding authour:[email protected], [email protected]
1
One of the commonest phrases in Africa is “women and children”. Therefore, the
African woman is saddled with the burden of caring and the nurturing of her child.
This child is usually vulnerable to a good number of diseases ravaging Africa. The
Moringa tree has been described as the ‘Miracle Tree’ and, with its useful attributes
173
can alleviate some of these problems and in the process lead to her emancipation.
When the Moringa oleifera tree is easily available to the rural woman, it can be
put to uncountable uses.The tree parts can act as dependable pharmacies for
traditional medicines. The leaves, rich in vitamins A, C and E can find good use in
the nutrition of the malnourished child. Tree on farms can save long, hard foraging
search for fuel wood thereby making time available for other chores. Trees can be
used as live fences against intruders, as wind breakers, as near-enough gardens to
provide nourishment. Oil from the seed can be used in soap making, for cooking,
aside from use as chew sticks, twine for the making of baskets, mats and bags. This
paper aims to review the many uses of the Moringa plant and how it can be used in
poverty alleviation, un-burdening of the rural woman and the actual emancipation
and empowerment of the woman.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera, poverty reduction, African rural woman, medicinal
plant
174
POSTER PRESENTATION
P.I.01.
MEDICINAL PLANTS SOLD AT OPEN BAZAARS OF SOME
COUNTY AND CENTRE OF RİZE
Gülsüm YALDIZ, Hüseyin BAYKAL
Rize University, Pazar Vocational School, Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants,
53300, Rize, TURKEY.
This study was conducted to determine the medicinal and aromatic plants on sale open
bazaar of Rize center, some county (Pazar, Çayeli, Ardeşen and Fındıklı ) which are
located on east of Rize. In this study, total ten open bazaars were investigated markets
in November 2009 to October 2010. Knowledge information on how and why people
use plants was provided by going to consumers and seller in the region. The socioeconomic characteristics, the reasons of preference of the consumers are evaluated.
The collected plants were identified at the laboratory Faculty of Biology, University
of Rize. Additional, medicinal properties of the plants as a traditional remedy, their
local and scientific names, used parts, the purpose of consumptions and the way of
utilizations were also given. As a result from this study it is determined that only a
small number of rather same or similar medicinal plant sold at open bazaars of some
county and centre of Rize. These herbs can be listed as follows: Achillea millefolium
L., Coriandrum sativa L., Hypericum perforatum L. Laurocerasus officinalis L.,
Mentha longifolia L., Mentha piperita L., Nasturtium officinale L., Tilia rubra subsp.
caucasica L. Thymus praecox subsp. caucasicus var. caucasicus, Vaccinium myrtillus
L. Vaccinium vitisidea L., Urtica dioica L., etc. It was realized that medicinal plants
can not be used effective becuse of the inadequate information of the medicinal plant
sellers at open bazaars. Because of this people must be informed about the medicinal
plants and the the flora must be well-known.
Keywords: Rize, Some county, Open bazaar, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
175
SESSION J
SUSTAINABLE USE AND
CONSERVATION OF MAPs
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
PLENARY LECTURES
PL.J.01.
SUSTAINABILITY IN MAP SECTOR DEVELOPMENT IN
SOUTH-EAST EUROPE: OPPORTUNITIES THROUGH
FAIRWILD
1
Anastasiya Timoshyna1, Bryony Morgan2, Kristina Rodina3
TRAFFIC International, located at WWF Hungary, Budapest, Hungary, 2TRAFFIC
International, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 3TRAFFIC Central Eastern Europe, Budapest,
Hungary
South Eastern European (SEE) countries are species-rich sources of wild plants used
for food, aromatic, medicinal, and cosmetics purposes, for both domestic use and
export, including to Western Europe. In all countries of SEE, especially in rural areas,
collection, use, processing, and trade of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) are
important contributors to the livelihoods of local people. With multiple threats to
sustainability of wild plants, that include overharveting, land-use changes, habitats
loss, there is a need for coordinated approach to ensuring sustainable use of wild
plants.
Sustainable management of wild plants requires a multi-level, multi-stakeholder
approach, involving actors from government, civil society, academia and the
private sector. The FairWild Standard offers a set of principles and criteria to verify
sustainable and ethical sourcing practices of plants from the wild. Elements of the
FairWild Standard are being evaluated as a basis for CITES non-detriment findings
(NDF) required for perennial plant species (CITES 2010). Guidance for resource
assessment, including development of a system for evaluating risks of unsustainable
harvest, have benefitted from work supported by FAO (Wong et al 2001). Building
this capacity will enable SEE countries to deliver concrete progress on Targets 11,
12 and 13 of the Global Strategy for Plants Conservation (GSPC) of CBD. Meeting
the conservation needs of these species will also require area-based conservation
approaches, for example by identifying “Important Plant Areas” that include priority
MAP species, and enabling their integration into national and regional protected
areas management systems (Plantlife International 2004).
A need to integrate sustainable use of MAPs into various sectoral policies, including
rural development, health, environmental, and economic has been identified
among most necessary follow-up needed on national and regional levels (FAO and
TRAFFIC, 2010). However, the promotion and development of sustainable use of
179
MAPs as well as informed policy decision making requires the gathering, analysis
and dissemination of key technical information on MAPs, including full appraisal
of the socio-economic contribution of MAPs to sustainable development as well as
improved networking among individuals and organizations dealing with MAPs.
Current presentation will address the sustainability of wild MAP sector harvesting
and trade in SEE, based on the outcomes of the recent TRAFFIC/BfN/FAO organized
workshop that brought together experts from over 10 countries, including seven SEE
countries (report preparation in progress). It will emphasize the needs and suggested
action points for sustainable sector development, and further link these to the
experiences with implementing FairWild Standard by TRAFFIC, FairWild Foundation
and other partners to achieve ecological and social sustainability of wild resources
management.
Keywords: South East Europe, FairWild, sustainability, wild plants
References:
CITES 2010, Non-detriment findings for timber, medicinal plants and agarwood. – CoP15 Doc. 16.3.
Fifteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties Doha (Qatar), 13-25 March 2010. Convention on
International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. Retrieved from http://www.cites.
org/eng/cop/15/doc/E15-16-03.pdf
FAO and TRAFFIC, 2010, Budapest, Report FAO/TRAFFIC Expert Consultation on Institutional
Needs for Sustainable Non-Wood Forest Product Sector in South-East Europe Sarajevo, Bosnia and
Herzegovina – 10-12 February 2010.
Plantlife International (2004) Identifying and Protecting the World’s Most Important Plant Areas: A
Guide to Implementing Target 5 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation. Salisbury, UK: Plantlife
International.
Wong, J.L.G., K. Thornber and N. Baker. 2001. Resource Assessment of Non-wood Products: Experience
and Biometric Principles. Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO).
PL.J.02.
Biodiversity conservation and sustainable
management of few critically endangered
medicinal plants in the natural forests of
central India.
Manish Mishra and H.S. Gupta
Indian Institute of Forest Management, (MoEF), Faculty of Forestry, Post Box: 357, Nehru
Nagar, Bhopal (M.P). Pin:462 003 India.
Due to over-exploitation of many medicinally important species, few herbaceous
species falls under critically endangered or vulnerable category. Currently medicinal
plants are collected without paying attention to the stage of maturity. The kali
180
haldi(Curcuma caesia) and Baichandi (Dioscorea spp.) are an indigenous medicinal
plant of India. Over-exploitation of these herbaceous species has made them
endangered species in the natural forests of central India. Both the species earlier
found abundant in the districts of Mandla and Dindori of Madhya Pradesh state.
These species is recently adopted as one of the important drugs from natural source
for the treatment of respiratory ailments. The study was conducted in the central part
of Madhya Pradesh, which is rich in the herbaceous medicinal plants. Few districts
of central India have been selected for the present study. The ecological status, plant
density, regeneration and current harvesting practices adopted by the primary
collectors and its adverse impact on biodiversity were assessed in this paper. The
paper also discusses the sustainable management of few selected medicinal plants
under wild conditions.
Keywords: Endangered, Over exploitation, Medicinal plant, Harvesting, Herbs
SESSION LECTURES
SL.J.01.
CONSERVATION OF WILD NON-TIMBER FOREST
PRODUCTS IN RUSSIAN FAR EAST
Anastasiya Timoshyna
TRAFFIC International, located at WWF Hungary, Budapest, Hungary,
In Russian Far East – important habitats for Amur tiger – WWF through cooperation
and joint work with the indigenous Udege and other communities, protects valuable
Korean pine forests, ensuring survival of ecosystems and traditional lifestyle of
communities. The wilderness around the middle and upper Bikin River in the Russian
Far East covers an area of 1,3 million hectares. It is the habitat for about 40-45 Amur
tigers – around one tenth of Russia’s tiger population. These habitats are under the
risk of illegal timber logging, due to the high demand for precious Korean pine, Oak,
Ash and other valuable species.
The WWF project in the Bikin River area aims to demonstrate that harvesting and
utilization of wild non-timber forest products (NTFPs), providing the major source
of income for local people, is a viable alternative to timber logging (often illegal
and unsustainable). These efforts lead to the conservation of Korean pine forests
and Amur tiger habitats. TRAFFIC supports the development of sustainable trade
component in NTFPs, which would create a mechnism of income generation and
re-investing into the conservation.
181
Parts of Korean pine forests - Nut Harvesting Zones (NHZs) are under the concession
ownership rights by a number of partners. Four NHZs are under the lease for 49 years
at the moment. They work together with Amur branch of WWF on forest protection
and conservation, as well as the development of system for the income generation
of communities that are traditionally involved in harvesting of wild NTFPs. Among
the NTFPs used, Korean pine nuts (Pinus koraiensis) has the biggest potential for
economically sustainable future for the community development in the Bikin river
area, due to the high market prices for nuts and potential harvesting amounts (average
total estimated harvested from four leased NHZs is over 2000 tonnes of shelled
nuts). Project partners expect to generate additional revenue from NTFP trade for
nature conservation, fire and illegal logging prevention, and sustainable development
activities in the region. The achievements that project demonstrates to date include
the proven legality of the product harvested under the long-term concession rights,
generated social effects, link to Amur tiger conservation, and work towards the longterm environmental sustainability of resources and ecosystems.
Besides Korean pine nuts, a number of NTFPs is wild-harvested and traded
from RFE based on harvest quantities approved in forest management plans. The
NTFPs include range of berries (Schisandra berries (Schisandra chinesis), Bilberry
(Vaccinium myrtillus), Viburnum berries (Viburnum sargentii), Hawthorn berries
(Crataegus spathulata), (Berberis amurensis), Actinidia (Actinidia kolomikta),
Cowberry (Vaccinium vitis-ideae), mushrooms (e.g. Chaga mushrooms (Inonotus
obliquus), ferns (Bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum), Osmunda/Cinnamon fern
(Osmunda regalis), medicinal plants (Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus),
roots, Manchurian aralia (Aralia elata), Amur cork tree (Phellodendron amurense).
Project also explores various value-addition opportunities, including processing, and
certification (FairWild, organic or tiger-friendly).
This presentation will present the project in Russian Far East that links sustainable
use in wild medicinal plants, conservation of forest and species, as a model to be
promoted in various places around the world.
Keywords: Russian Far East, NTFPs, sustainable trade and use, forest conservation
182
P.J.01.
MODELS OF SUSTAINABLE USE OF WILD MEDICAL AND
AROMATIC PLANTS
Hazim Bašić1,2, Sulejman Redžić2, Senka Barudanović2, Sabina Trakić2
1,2
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering University o f Sarajevo, 2CEPRES – Center of Ecology and
Natural Resources, Faculty of Science University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Due to the past extensive and random use of wild medicinal plants in this territory
- including the western Balkan countries (SE Europe) - those plants are significantly
endangered. Many of them even appeared on “red lists of endangered floras”
[1]. In order to preserve natural gene-funds of medicinal plants, it is necessary
to set methods and models that would result in sustainable models for their use.
Sustainability would be achieved by exploiting the biomass from natural populations
with respect of the biological and ecological characteristics of given plant species
and if possible according to the market requirements. This approach includes the
determination of variables that could be used as a basis for the development of
mathematical and statistical models in order to reach “function of sustainability”.
Sustainable function implies results of two key variables, production of biomass of
given medicinal plants and amount of biomass that is used or is exploited in natural
populations. The graphic model for that function is diversified and it largely depends
on the plant species, the used part of the plant, the vegetation season, the ecological
circumstances in which the given plant is being developed, the form of picking, the
total anthropogenic pressure of cutter, the pasture, the wood cutting and the global
changes. This ecological statistical approach is applied to several species of medicinal
plants that are intensively exploited in the Western Balkan [3, 4]. In the Mediterranean
belt, it is Salvia officinalis, in the Mediterranean and sub-Mediterranean belt it is
the species Helichrysum italicum, in the Mediterranean mountain belt they are the
species Satureja montana and Satureja subspicata, in the mountain belt they are the
species Gentiana lutea subsp. symphyandra and Arctostaphyllos uva-ursi, and in the
belt of the deciduous forests, it is the species Atropa belladonna. Research shows that
the gradient of sustainable use is different in different belts. In the Mediterranean
and sub-Mediterranean belt it is about 50%, in the mountain belt it is 30 %, while
in the belt of forests it is up to 70 % (per km2). That means it is necessary to leave
about 50 % of units of sage in free nature, approximately the same number of units
of the order Satureja, about 70 % of units of Gentian and about 30 % of biomass
of the species Atropa belladonna in order to reach the effect of sustainability. This
approach is beneficial for the protection of medicinal plants and could be used as a
183
practical instrument in reaching organic production and certification of medicinal
and aromatic wild plants.
References: 1. Redzic S (2006) Proc 1st IFOAM Intern Conf Organic Wild Production, 117-141. 2.
Basic, H. et al. (2010). Systems and models in Ecology. University of Sarajevo., Sarajevo (in Bos.). 3.
Redzic SS (2007) Coll. Antropol. 31: 869-890. 4. Redzic SJ (2006) Ecol. Food & Nutr. 45: 189-232.
P.J.02.
LANDASCAPE GRAPH CREATION: CASE STUDY OF
SIX MEDICINAL PLANT SPECIES AT OZREN MT. NEAR
SARAJEVO
Mersad Omanović, Sulejman Redžić2
1
KJKP ‘’Park’’ d.o.o. Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Academy of Sciences and Arts of BH, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
1
2
Ecologists are defined a relevé as a basic methodological tool in plant communities
research. It contains basic information about the quantitative participation of each
species (abundance, ground cover and sociality)[1]. As a phytocoenological table by
its nature is a typical relational database, transformation in the spatial database (raster
or vector) is essential for its graphics expression. In this way it is possible to explore
the connection between a plant species within the various plant associations. If we
separate the target plant species from relevé, with the assigned spatial reference, we
fulfill the requirement for the creation of landscape graph. Landscape graph allows
us to merge population process with landscape pattern, both for individual patches
and for whole landscapes.
In this paper, we treat the six medicinal plant species (Achillea millefolium L. stronger
Centaurea jacea L., Lotus corniculatus L., Plantago lanceolata L., Plantago media L.
and Trifolium repens L.), within twelve plant associations, at the Ozren mountain
near Sarajevo.
Keywords: relevé, landscape graph, medicinal plant, MapInfo Professional 9.0
References:
[1] Redžić, S. (1990). Monographs of Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, 360p. 2.
184
P.J.03.
ENDANGERED MEDICINAL PLANTS IN BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA AND POSSIBILITIES OF THEIR EFFECTIVE
PROTECTION
Fadila Muftić1, Sedik Velić1, Belma BAŠIĆ1
Center of Ecology of the Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, 71 000 Sarajevo,
1
In Bosnia and Herzegovina is used about 900 species of plants in traditional
phytotherapy. Even today, many plants used as traditional as well as official
phytotherapy [1]. Many of them are due to overuse of natural habitats, endangered
and are on the „red list“[2]. To protect those species, a necessary development of the
ecological approach in their management and achieving the necessary sustainability.
According to the provisional list of plants for the Red Book [3] in BiH there are over
600 species. Assessment of conservation status was performed on the basis of criteria
IUNC, according to data of Redzic [4, 5].
Determined by the following plant species with conservation status: Lycopodium
alpinum L. (NT), Adiantum capilus veneris L. (VU), Taxus baccata L. (EN), Pinus
heldreichi Christ. (VU), Polygonum alpinum All. (VU), Paeonia corallina Retz. (EN),
Paeonia officinalis L. (EN), Aconitum toxicum Reichenb. (NT), Helleborus hercegovinus
Martinis (NT), Berberis croaica Horvat (VU), Viola elegantula Schott (VU), Drosera
rotundifolia L. (CR), Sorbus chamaemespilus (L.) Crantz (VU), Prunus padus L. (VU),
Petteria ramentacea(Sieb.) C.Presl. (NT), Daphne laureola L. (NT), Pancicia serbica
Vis. (NT), Cyclamen purpurascens Mill. (NT), Primula columne Ten. (NT), Mandragora
officinalis L. (EN), Hyosciamus albus L. (VU), Digitalis lanata Ehrh. (VU), Pinguicula
vulgaris L. (VU), Teucrium arduini L. (NT), Satureja subspicata Vis. (VU), Micromeria
thymifolia (Scop.) Fritsch (NT), Micromeria croatica (Pers.)Schott (NT), Acinos
orontius (K.Maly) Silic (EN), Hyssopus officinalis L. (VU), Thymus balcanus Borb.
(NT), Origanum heracleoticum L. (VU), Plantago reniformis G.Beck (VU), Gentiana
lutea L. subsp. symphyandra(Murb.)Hayek (CN), Menyanthes trifoliata L. (CR), Achilea
ptarmica L. (VU), Achillea abrotanoides (Vis.)Vis. (VU), Achillea clavennae L. (VU),
Arnica montana L. (EN), Lilium martagon L. (VU), Lilium cattaniae (Vis.)Vis. (VU),
Ruscus hypoglossum L. (EN, Iris bosniaca K.Maly (VU), Orchis morio L. (VU), Orchis
purpurea Huds. (V), Acorus calamus L. (VU).
Sustainable protection of endangered species is possible through: (i) the establishment
of protected areas, (ii) limited use of natural populations, (iii) assisted propagation in
nature, (iv) in vitro conservation.
Acknowledgement: We thank to Professor Sulejman Redžić, for transferred data and useful
advice.
185
References:
1. Redzic, S. (2010). J Med Plant Res 4(11): 1003-1027. 2. Redzic, S. et al. (2009). Planta Med 75(9): 902902. 3. Silic, C. (1992-95). GZM (PN), sv. 31: 323-367.4. IUCN//SSC (2001). IUCN Red List Categories,
version 3.1. INCN, Gland, Switzerland. Redzic, S. et al. (2009). Bosnia and Herzegovina – land of
diversity. Federal Ministry of Envitronment and Tourizm, Sarajevo.
186
SESSION K
PHYTOTHERAPY AND CLINICAL
STUDIES
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
PLENARY LECTURES
PL.K.01
NEW STRATEGIES IN THE SEARCH FOR NATURAL
PRODUCTS WITH ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY
Rudolf Bauer
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Austria
Natural products possess a great structural diversity which is not commonly seen
in synthetic molecules. Therefore, they continuously play a predominant role in the
discovery of new drug leads.
PPARγ is one of the three Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor (PPAR)
subtypes and is involved in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism and
therefore an important target for metabolic diseases. Additionally, PPARγ plays a role
in other chronic diseases such as inflammation, cancer and atherosclerosis. Within
a national research network we have investigated Chinese medicinal plants for new
anti-inflammatory compounds including PPARγ agonists, using an in-silico and
activity guided approach.
From the roots and rhizomes of Notopterygium incisium Ting ex H. T. Chang (Qiang
Huo) we have isolated several polyacetylene and frulic acid derived compounds
with anti-inlammatory activity. They showed inhibitory activity on NO production
in RAW 264.7 macrophages, inhibory effects on leukotriene and prostaglandine
formation, and PPARγ agonistic effects. Therefore they are good candidates for
further drug development.
Keywords: anti-inflammatory, natural products, polyacetylenes, Notopterygium
incisium, PPARγ
Acknowledgements: We gratefully acknowledge the funding provided by the Austrian Science
Fund (FWF) within project NFN S 10705-B13.
189
SESSION LECTURES
SL.K.01.
ANTI-NEUROINFLAMMATORY AND ASTROPROTECTIVE
PROPERTIES OF ACHILLEA FRAGRANTISSIMA
Anat Elmann¹, Sharon Mordechay¹, Alona Telerman¹, Hilla Erlank¹,
Rindner M¹, Elie Beit-Yannai², Rivka Ofir³
1 The Volcani Center; Agricultural Research Organization, Department of Food Science, , POB
6 Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel; 2Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences,
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer‑Sheva, Israel; 3The Dead Sea and Arava Science Center;
under the auspices of Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Hazeva, DN Arava, 86815, Israel
Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are involved in the pathogenesis of
neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. These processes
involve two main cell types in the brain – astrocytes and microglial cells. Upon
activation, microglial cells, which are the major immune cells in the brain, release
proinflammatory mediators that play important roles in eliciting neuroinflammatory
responses. Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cell types in the brain, provide
metabolic and trophic support to neurons and modulate synaptic activity. Accordingly,
impairment in these astrocytic functions would influence neuronal survival. Indeed,
recent studies show that astrocyte apoptosis may contribute to pathogenesis of
many acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. Achillea fragrantissima (Af;
Asteraceae) is a desert plant that for many years has been used as a hypoglycemic
medicinal plant in traditional medicine in the Arabian region, and for the treatment
of gastrointestinal disturbances. In the present study, the ethanolic extract of Af was
tested for its antineuroinflammatory and protective effects using primary cultures
of astrocytes and microglial cells. We have found that the extract of Af inhibited
the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - elicited expression of the proinflammatory mediators
interleukin1β (IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα, matrix metalloproteinase-9
(MMP-9), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)
and down-regulated nitric oxide (NO) secretion from the activated microglial cells,
without affecting cell viability. In this study, we could also show that Af ’s extract
protected primary cultures of astrocytes against H2O2-induced cell death, and
inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production following H2O2 and ZnCl2exposure. Af extract also reduced 2,2’-azobis(amidinopropane) (ABAP)-mediated
peroxyl radicals levels in both astrocytes and microglial cells. Thus, the extract of Af
might be beneficial in the prevention/treatment of neurodegenerative diseases where
neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are part of the pathophysiology.
Keywords: Achillea fragrantissima, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, astrocytes,
microglial cells
190
Acknowledgements: This work was supported by the Chief Scientist of the Ministry of
Science, Israel, and by THE ISRAEL SCIENCE FOUNDATION (grant No. 600/08).
SL.K.02.
THE EXAMİNATİON OF PROTECTİVE EFFECTS OF
GALLİC ACİD AGAİNST DAMAGE OF OXİDATİVE STRESS
DURİNG INDUCED – EXPERİMENTALRENAL İSCHEMİAREPERFÜSİON IN RATS
Mediha CANBEK¹, Gökhan BAYRAMOGLU², Hakan SENTURK¹, A.Pınar
OZTOPCU VATAN¹, Mustafa UYANOGLU¹, Emre CEYHAN¹, Ahmet OZEN¹,
Basak DURMUS¹, Kazım KARTKAYA³, Gungor KANBAK³
¹Eskisehir Osmangazi University Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Arts and Science
Department of Biology 26480 Eskisehir, Turkey
In this study, as an antioxidant, probable effects of gallic acid were investigated
against experimentally induced renal ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury in rats. For
this purpose, 5 experiment groups, each consisting 7 Spraque dawley type male
albino rats, were formed. Groups were determined as follows: Group I: control group;
Group II : I/R group; Group III, IV and V : I/R + Gallic acid (50, 100 and 200 mg.kg-1
respectively – i.p.) Before the experiment, left kidneys of the animals belonging to
Groups II, III, IV and V were removed by nephrectomy. After 15 days of recovery
period, I/R (45 mins / 6 hrs) was performed for the other kidney under anesthesia.
Gallic acid application was performed 15 mins before the ischemia operation, into
the peritoneum. At the end of the experiment, blood samples and kidney tissues
were taken quickly. In the kidney tissue, SOD, CAT and Gpx enzyme activities were
determined by gel electrophoresis and MDA, NO, MPO levels were determine d
biochemically. Also, histopathological investigations were performed in kidney
tissues by hematoxylin & eosin staining and immunohistochemical INOS staining.
Also, AST, ALT, BUN, Creatine levels in blood serum samples were determined.
Analysis results were evaluated statistically. It was determined that BUN, Creatin,
AST, ALT, MDA and NO levels has increased in group II statistically, and it
was seen that increase in MPO level was not significant statistically. In SOD,
CAT, Gpx enzyme activities belonging to Group II’s kidney tissue, an increase
was determined with respect to Group I. In histopathological investigations,
widespread hyperemia in glomerulus, expansion of the structure between
tubules and cell disruptions were encountered (determined) in Group II. In
immunohistochemical evaluations, INOS was very intense in Group II, while
there was almost no intensity in Group V. It was determined that this evaluation
is concordant to (in correlation with) NO level.
191
In the group which was given 200 mg.kg-1 gallic acid (Group V), in terms of
biochemical parameters, in spite of the significant decrease in AST, ALT, BUN,
Creatin, MDA and NO levels; a decrease was determined in SOD, CAT, Gpx
isoenzyme activities. Concordantly, Group V’s histological findings showed that I/R
injury was prevented to a great extent and appearances were close to the control.
As a result, in terms of the methods applied in our study, evaluations regarding
kidney functions and histopathology has shown that gallic acid has protective effect
in renal I/R injury.
SL.K.03.
ATMOSPHERIC POLLENS FROM TURKIYE AND THEIR
ALLERGIC EFFECTS
Aykut GÜVENSEN1, Salih GÜCEL2, Münir ÖZTÜRK1
1
Ege University, Botany Department, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
Near East University, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Lefkoşa, The Northern Cyprus
2
Pollens have variety of allergic effects on human beings. This is because pollen grains
cause respiratory system diseases such as allergic asthma and hay fever (pollinosis)
in sensitive persons. Therefore, the preparation of atmospheric pollen calendars for
different regions, contribute to the treatment of allergic diseases and improve the
quality of life of people who are sensitive to pollen allergies. For this reason great
importance has been given to the qualitative and quantitative analysis of atmospheric
pollen studies during the last 10 in Turkey like many other countries in Europe.
Various investigators have obtained data by using gravimetric (cm2/pollen grains)
and volumetric (m3/pollen grains) methods in many regions where atmospheric
conditions and vegetation exhibits structural differences. According to this data,
during March, April, May, June and July the pollen concentrations are at very high
levels, however pollen densities for each month varies with the region investigated. The
results published by different workers reveal that in general the pollens of following
taxa are abundant in the atmosphere; Alnus glutinosa, Carpinus spp., Castanea
sativa, Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae, Cupressaceae, Cupressaceae/Taxaceae, Fagus
orientalis, Juglans regia, Morus spp., Olea europaea, Oleaceae, Pinaceae, Pinus spp.,
Pistacia spp., Plantago spp., Platanus orientalis, Poaceae, Populus spp., Quercus spp.
and Urticaceae. In this review, allergenic effects of the pollen of these taxa will be
presented.
Keywords: Atmospheric pollen, allergy, pollen calendar, Turkiye
192
SL.K.04.
Hepatoprotective activity of Curcuma
xanthorrhiza ethanol extract against
thioacetamide toxicity in rats
Salim S. Alkiyumi, Mahmood A. Abdulla
Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia
Curcuma xanthorrhiza is a common Southeast Asian ginger plant that is traditionally
used for food and medicinal purposes. It is the most popular Indonesian herbal
for hepatitis remedy. Recently, researches have been done on various plant species
to inhibit liver cirrhosis. In the present study, C. xanthorrhiza is evaluated for its
hepatoprotective effect against thioacetamide-induced liver damage in rats.
Thirty adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups designed as group
I (orally administrated with normal saline), group II (200 mg/kg thioacetamide
+ orally administration of normal saline), group III (200 mg/kg TAA + 50 mg/kg
silymarin), group IV (200 mg/kg TAA + 250 mg/kg C. xanthorrhiza ethanol extract)
and group V (200 mg/kg TAA + 500 mg/kg C. xanthorrhiza ethanol extract) daily
for 2 months. Thioacetamide was injected intraperitonealy three times per week
for 2 months. Liver injury was assessed by serology, biochemistry as well as well as
histopathology studies.
Thioacetamide (TAA) is a known potent hepatotoxic chemical used to induce liver
cirrhosis in experimental models. Specific liver enzymes (ALT, AST and AP) and the
liver Malondialdehyde level (MDA) were significantly higher in liver of TAA group
compared to those treated with Silymarin or Curcuma xanthorrhiza ethanol extract.
On the reverse, Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) levels in the liver
tissue homogenates was low in the TAA group compared to silymarin or plant extract
treated groups. Histopathology study confirmed the results showing extensive tissue
damage in liver of group I compared to all other groups of animals.
In conclusion, the study showed that Curcuma xanthorrhiza inhibited the oxidative
stress-related change and associated with TAA-induced liver cirrhosis in rats as
ascertain by liver biochemical markers and by liver histopathology.
Keywords: medicinal plants, therapy, Southeast Asian ginger plant
193
SL.K.05.
THE INFLUENCE OF PHYTOTHERAPY ON PROLACTIN
LEVEL IN MACROPROLACTINOMA PATIENTS
Ivo Trogrlić1, Dragan Trogrlić1 and Zoran Trogrlić1
1
Family business “DREN” Ltd, Žepče, Bosnia and Herzegovina
The study aims at demonstrating the efficiency of phytotherapy in regulation of
prolactin levels in patients diagnosed with pituitary macroprolactinoma.
The study made use of workup outcomes submitted by treating healthcare
facilities where the patients were first diagnosed with macroprolactinomas based
on diagnostic imaging (MRI and/or CT), laboratory workup, and hormone status
estimation. The data in reference served as the baseline for a comparative follow-up
of phytotherapeutic efficiency in terms of comparison of medical data obtained prior
to phytotherapy and those submitted following herbal remedy use.
The study displays the results of a five-year follow-up of macroprolactinoma patients
undergoing phytotherapy. In well-responding patients, the benefit of phytotherapy in
terms of prolactin level putdown can be seen 3-5 months following the phytotherapy
commencement. A special attention should be paid to the favourable results obtained
with patients who chose to resort to phytotherapy only. The primary outcome measure
used to monitor the efficiency of the administered phytotherapy was prolactin level
determined prior to, during the course of, and following phytotherapy.
Implementation of phytotherapy to the effect of prolactin level regulation in patients
diagnosed with macroprolactinoma, represents a completely novel therapeutic
approach. The majority of the diseased resorted to phytotherapy once they were left
out of any other therapeutic option offered by their treating healthcare facilities. This
fact gives a substantial rise to the significance of the results presented herein and
justifies the role of phytotherapy in macroprolactinoma-induced hyperprolactinaemia
treatment.
Keywords: phytotherapy; macroprolactinoma; prolactin; pituitary gland
194
SL.K.06.
EMBELIN – ANTIFERTILITY EFFECT IN MALE RAT
Sudha Agrawal 1 and Sudha Chauhan2
1 Bhilai Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Department of Zoology,Bhilainagar,District – Durg (C.G.)
India. 2 Indian Council of Medical Research, Publication wing , New Delhi 110029 India
Embelia ribes Burm. (vern. Vidang, Virang, Baivirang, Sanskrit – Kirmighan,
chitratundal), a member of family Myrsinaceae, has been reported to possess
antioxidant and antifertility activity both in the crude powdered berries as well
as in petroleum ether and methanol extracts. Embelin (2,5 Dihydroxy 3-Undicyl,
1-4 benzoquinone) islolated from the berries and administered subcutaneously to
different groups of rats at doses of 0.4 and 0.5 mg/kg body weight for 7 and 35 days
resulted in considerable reduction in the wet weight of testis, epididymis, vas deferens,
seminal vesicle and prostate gland. Arrest of spermatogenesis accompanied by large
number of empty, collapsed or atrophic seminiferous tubules showing dysgenesis
and dysplasia was observed. Intensely eosinophilic germ cells having 2-9 nuclei and
more than one giant cell were observed . D iameter of seminiferous tubules and
nuclear diameter of Leydig cell were significantly reduced. Sertoli and Leydig cell
counts decreased significantly. Embelin altered the histology of caput and cauda
epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle and prostate. The compound is suggested to
possess antiandrogenic and antifertility activity in male albino rats.
Keywords: Embelin,antiandrogenic,antifertility,Spermatogenesis and Histology
SL.K.07.
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIDIABETIC
POTENTIALS OF “WATER OF LIFE” A SEAWEED
DECOCTION
Antoinette Okaka, Ugochukwu Uzuegbuna, Aloysius Ozuah, Chibuzo
Umeh, Josephine Nebedum, Nnamdi Azikiwe
University Department of Applied Biochemistry, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
The phytochemistry and antidiabetic potential of “water of life” were studied. Water
of life is a popular seaweed decoction used as remedy to a number of ailments
including diabetes mellitus. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of
phlobotanins, saponins, flavonoids, steroids and anthracene glycosides. Other
constituents of the extract were free fatty acids, proteins and carotenoids. All these
195
compounds were quantified. The antidiabetic potential of the extract was investigated
using alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Alloxan increased blood glucose significantly
(p<0.05) to 231.47mg/dl. Glibenclamide, a routine anti-diabetic drug used as control
reduced the glucose level to 136± 2.68mg/dl. Water of life was administered orally by
intubation in doses of 100mg/kg, 150mg/kg, 200mg/kg. The extract appeared to be
hypoglycaemic in a dose dependent manner with 200mg/kg dose giving the lowest
reduction of glucose level (176±24.32mg/dl). The LD50 of the extract was estimated to
be 565.69mg/kg. For the first time the water of life was subjected to chemical analysis.
These results support the therapeutic use of water of life however further studies are
required to assess the toxicity and effectiveness of this extract for other ailments.
Keywords: Water of life, decoction
Acknowledgements: We acknowledge the contributions of Jude-Mary Olekanma in
producing and providing the water of life extracts.
SL.K.08.
STUDY OF SOME SCHIFF BASES LINGAND & THEIR
COMPLEXES COMPOUNDS AGAINST FEW CANCER CELL
LINES & THIER MECHANISMS
Pouya Hassandarvish¹, Muhammad Saleh Salga², Suleiman Nura
Gwaram², Mahmood Ameen Abdulla¹, Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab³,
Happipah Mohd Ali²
¹ University of Malaya, Department of Molecular Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, ²
University of Malaya, Department of Chemistry, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, ³ University of
Malaya, Department of pharmacy , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Schiff bases have regularly been used as chelating ligands in organization chemistry.
Schiff base with donors (N, O, S, etc) have formation similarities with neutral biological
systems and because of presence of amine group are utilized in elucidating the
mechanism of conversion of racemisation reaction in biological system. Schiff bases
signify an important class of compounds because they are utilized as starting materials
in the synthesis of industrial products. They show biological activities including
antibacterial, antifungal anti-diabetic antitumor, anti-proliferative anticancer
herbicidal and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore this study investigating some
Schiff bases compounds against breast cancer (MCF7, MDA-MB231), colon cancer
(HT29) & liver cancer (HEPG2) cell lines and their mechanisms of the compounds to
find out their way of treatment. The compounds were tasted on Normal liver cell lines
(WRL68) to absorb the toxicity of the compounds in normal cells. our complexes
196
working so good against the cancer and two of our complexes have shown fantastic
result against cancer and those compound which they are cadmium and sulfate
complexes they inhibit the cancer cells in very low concentrations. Those compounds
were tested against normal cell line and the results shows they don’t kill normal cells
in the higher concentration. As a solution for cancer treatment now a day’s most of
the drugs for cancer treatment also got some sight effect to normal cells. To find out
a new treatment for the cancer which it doesn’t have that serious sight effect to our
body can solve so many of our problems.
Keywords: Anti cancer, Schiff bases compound, MCF7. MDA-MB231, HT29
Acknowledgments:
We would like to gift our great thanks to all the students and the stuffs of Molecular Medicine
department and pharmacy department who their kind help got so much effect to our research
progress.
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Dahab R, Afifi F. Antiproliferative activity of selected medicinal plants of Jordan against
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of spices to cultured cells, Nutr cancer 11: 251-257. 7. Araujo-Junior, J.X.D., Da-Cunha,
E.V.L., Chaves, M.C.D.O. and Gray, A.I. 1996. Piperdardine, A Piperidine Alkaloid from
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Bokesch, H., Kenney, S., Boyd, MR, 1990. New colorimetric cytotoxicity assay for anticancer
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197
SL.K.09.
Anti-hepatocarcinoma, free radical
scavenging activities and total phenolic
contents of Orthosiphon stamineus
Mohammed Alshawsh*, Mahmood Abdulla and Salmah Ismail
University of Malaya, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,
50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Orthosiphon stamineus considered as an important traditional folk medicine,
commonly used in Malaysia for treatment of many diseases including hepatitis and
jaundice. In this study, the aqueous and ethanol extracts of O. stamineus were evaluated
in vitro for their anticancer activity, free radical scavenging properties, as well as for
their phenolic contents. The anti-proliferative effect investigated against HepG2
human hepatocarcinoma and WRL-68 normal liver cell lines in a microtiter plate
based on MTT assay, while the DPPH radical method was used for the determination
of antioxidant activity and The Folin-Ciocalteu reagent was used to measure the total
phenolic content. Both extracts of O. stamineus showed anti-proliferative activity
against HepG2 liver cancer cell line. The ethanolic extract exhibited a remarkable
cytotoxicity effect on HepG2 cells with IC50 values 68 μg/ml, at the same time showed
a little inhibition to normal human liver cell line WRL-68. Moreover, both aqueous
and ethanolic extracts showed high free radical scavenging activity with IC 50 9.6µg/
ml and 21.4µg/ml respectively. On the other hand, the total phenolic contents were
294.3± 0.005 mg (Gallic acid equivalents) per g of extracts. These finding indicate
that O. stamineus showed potential anticancer and high antioxidant activity and
there is a need for further study to identify the active constituent.
Keywords: Hepatocarcinoma, Antioxidant, Medicinal plants
Acknowledgements: University of Malaya, Malaysia. Grant no. (PS182/2009C).
References:
1. Alshawsh, M.A., et al. (2011) Hepatoprotective effects of orthosiphon stamineus extract on
thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis in rats. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine,
vol. 2011, Article ID 103039, 6 pages.
2. Brand-Williams, et al. (1995) Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT Food
Science and Technology, 28, 25-30. 3. Mosmann, T., (1983) Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth
and survival: Application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. Journal of immunological methods,
65, 55-63. 5. Wiart, C. (2002) Medicinal plants of southeast Asia, orthosiphon stamineus benth. In: F.K.
Wong ed. Prentice Hall, Selangor, 264-265.
198
SL.K.10.
WOUND HEALING ACTIVITIES OF HYPERICUM SPECIES
Yusuf ÖZTÜRK
Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Tepebasi
TR-26470, Eskisehir, Turkey
Wound-healing activity of Hypericum species is not only an effect known since
ancient times, but also an activity investigated lesser when compared to nervous
system activities. Species like H. japonicum, H. perfoliatum, H. lydium, H. papuanum,
H. perforatum, etc. have been used for healing of wounds and burns in the folk
medicine. It has demonstrated that oily extract of H. perforatum promotes healing of
surgical wounds in caesarean section due to the increase in epithelial reconstruction.
In in vivo experiments, the healing of wounds has been reported to be increased by
oral administration of a tincture of H. perforatum. H. patulum, H. mysurense and
H.hookerianum are other Hypericum species of Indian origin, whose wound-healing
activities are observed in in vivo wound models. Conventional models of wound
healing have ethical and methodological issues. Moreover, studies on the mechanism
of wound healing activities are quite difficult in these models.
To overcome these issues we developed a new method based in cultured fibroblasts
[1] and applied this method some plant products including H. perforatum [2-4]. This
method consists of counting stained cells which have different morphological shapes
of fibroblasts reflecting their functional states. So, we have various experimental
parameters which provide experimental evidences for the mechanism of action: 1)
Numbers 1) cells and 2) proliferating cells by mitosis in an area under microscope;
Percentages of 3) fusiform, 4) polygonal 5) round 6) vacuol containing cells 7)
number of collagen granules.
Using these parameters, we found that alcoholic extract of H. perforatum having small
quantities of hypericin and pseudohypericin exhibits wound healing activity due to
fibroblast migration and stimulation of collagen synthesis [3]. We also investigated
extracts of two subspecies of Italian origin: H. perforatum ssp. perforatum and ssp.
veronense and obtained similar results [4]. In an on-going study, we are investigating
oily extract of H. perforatum and its various fractions. Similar experiments is
being performed with Hypericum species of Italian origins: H. montanum, H.
hyssopifolium, H. hirsutum, H. tetrapterum. It is our hope that our studies may serve
for the devolopment of better drugs for the management of wounds.
Keywords: Wound healing, St.-Johns Wort, Hypericum, Cell culture, Fibroblasts
References:
1. Korkmaz, S. et al. (2000) Altern Lab Anim 28:41. 2. Öztürk, N. et al. (2006) Planta Med 72:289. 3.
Öztürk, N. et al. (2007) J Ethnopharmacol 111:33. 4 Dikmen, M. et al. (2011) Phytother Res 25:208.
199
SL.K.11.
Neuroprotective effect of some medIcinal
plants against aluminium toxity (experimental
study on mice)
Noureddine DJEBLI, Khayra ZERROUKI
University of Mostaganem, Mostaganem, Algeria
The versatility of Aluminium chemistry will ensure its burgeoning use in the
future in all manner of applications. This very same chemistry will also ensure its
increased biological availability in all biota including Man. We do not know enough
about the biological chemistry of a chronic exposure to Aluminium to be able to
predict its impact on human health. The scientific evidence linking Aluminium with
Alzheimer’s disease is as strong as it is for any other single a etiological agent. If we
can identify where Aluminium fits into the a etiology or pathogenesis of diseases
such as neurotoxicity and Alzheimer’s we may be able to accurately assess the risk to
human health posed by biologically available Aluminium.
Although the hypothesis of a link between Aluminium and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)
has been supported by several epidemiological studies, there is much controversy
regarding these findings and their interpretation. The epidemiological results
obtained regarding this hypothesis and the methodological difficulties in studying
such an association. Further research leads are also discussed.
There is no doubt that the drogs discovered are far from ideal, there are no more then
acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, in fact alternative medecine could be moderate and
protect nerves from neurotoxicity and AD. Curcumin and convolvulus are among
the strong medecinal species that prove antioxidative stress effect against reactions
cascade of neurofibrillary tangles.
Keywords: medicinal plants, toxicity, model of animal
200
SL.K.12.
Protective Effect of Gallic Acid Against
Remote Organ Injury Induced By Renal
Ischemia/Reperfusion
Basak DURMUS, Mediha CANBEK, Emre CEYHAN, Hakan SENTURK, Mustafa
UYANOGLU
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
In this study, protective effects of gallic acid on oxidative strees which occurs on
liver as a result of experimental kidney ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury on rats was
investigated. For this purpose, by randomly selecting Spraque dawley rats; Group I
(Control), Group II (I/R), Group III (I/R + 50 mg.kg-1 gallic acid), Group IV (I/R +
100 mg.kg-1 gallic acid) and Group V (I/R + 200 mg.kg-1 gallic acid) were formed.
To these groups, 45 min. of ischemia / 6 hours of reperfusion was applied. At the
end of the experiment, blood samples and liver tissues were taken from all of the
groups. Serum ALT and AST values and liver tissue’s SOD, CAT, Gpx activities in
I/R group were observed to increase. A decrease was observed in these parameters
dosage dependent, in application groups. As for histopatalogical analysis, high
level of necrosis, dense nuclear infiltration, vacuolization and dense bleeding was
observed in I/R group’s liver tissue; whereas, these findings were not encountered
in Group V (200 mg.kg-1). As a result; our study showed that 200 mg.kg-1 dosage of
intraperitoneally applied gallic acid has protective effect on liver that was affected by
renal I/R injury.
Keywords: Ischemia/Reperfusion, Gallic acid, Remote organ, Liver, Antioxidant,
Oxidative Stress.
201
P.K.01.
BIOACTIVE GUIDED FRACTIONATION AND POST-COITAL
ANTIFERTILITY EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT CURCUMA
LONGA VARIETIES
1
Shailendra Gurav1, Nilambari Deshkar2, Shrikant Tilloo3,
P.D.E.A.’s Seth Govind Raghunath Sable College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy,
Saswad- 412 301, Maharashtra, India. 2 Gurunanak College of Pharmacy, Department of
Pharmacognosy Nari, Kamptee Road, Nagpur- 440 026, Maharashtra, India
Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae), beauty of ‘Indian Ayurveda’ commonly known as
‘Indian Saffron’ and ‘Haldi’ in the Indian system of Medicines, is an erect perennial
herb and grows as an annual crop. The world population explosion has pointed
out the need for the research of effective contraceptive methods as well as agents.
The present research work deals with bioactive guided fractionation and postcoital antifertility evaluation of different Curcuma longa varieties (Indian) i.e.
Salam, Krishna and Rajapuri. Defatted dried plant materials were subjected for
hydroalcoholic maceration which is further fractionated to n-hexane, chloroform
and acetone subfractions. Bioactive fractions subjected for column chromatography
resulted into isolation of three compounds which were identified as two flavonoids
and oil after UV, Mass, NMR, IR and Gas chromatographic spectral analysis. Postcoital antifertility evaluation of different hydroalcoholic extracts (100-1000 mg/
kg/body wt), subfractions (50-180 mg/kg/body wt) and isolated compounds (5-40
mg/kg/body wt) were carried out on albino rats (Sprague-Dawley). Abortifacient,
antiovulatory and spermicidal activities of bioactive compounds were carried out
to confirm the mechanisms of action. This study clearly proved traditional claims of
antifertility activity of present research plant.
Keywords:
Curcuma longa, bioactive guided fraction, antifertility, abortifacient, antiovulatory,
spermicidal
References:
1.Chopra, R., Nayer, S.and Chopra, C. (1986) Glossory of India Medicinal Plants, CSIR Publication, New
Delhi, India. 2. Bhargava, S., (1988) Fitoterapia 3 : 163 – 177. 3. Stahl, E. (1969) Thin Layer Chromatography,
2nd ed. Toppan Company Ltd., Tokyo, Japan. 4. Chaudhary, R., Haq, M., (1980) Bull Medico Ethno. Bot.
Res, 1: 420-7. 5. Garg, S. (1974) Plant. Med. 26: 225. 6. Gupta, S. (1972) Ind. J. Physiol and Pharmacol
16: 289-94.
202
P.K.02.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT STEEP LIQUOR EXTRACTS
OF Bambusa tuldoides cv. ventricosa ON SOME
PATHOGENIC ORGANISMS
Ruth A.O. Gariel-Ajobiewe1., Mojisola C Cyril-Olutayo2., Victor G.
Olumekun1 and Folayemi J. Akinbileje 1
Department of Microbiology, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko. Ondo State.
Nigeria; 2Drug Research and Production Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo
University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
1
Bambusa tuldoides cv. Ventricosa, bamboo is a common plant in the tropical regions
of the world, which is known to have multiple biological activities. Typhoid fever
is one of the killing diseases among the poor people of Africa, hence research for
the antityphoid properties of Bambusa tuldoides becomes essential. Cereal steep
liquors have been known to have some antibacterial effects against the faecal bacteria
and as principal sources of energy, vitamins and minerals to the poor. The bamboo
leaves were washed, dried, stretched, and soaked for five days with the different
steep liquors for the dried leaf extracts. While the fresh leaf extracts were done by
washing, stretching and milling the weighed leaves with the different steep liquors.
Nine different organisms were isolated from the different steep liquors, mostly the
Lactobacillus species. All the steep liquors shows a general increase in total reducing
sugar for the first six days of continues fermentation from 0.252 to 1.001 mg/ml.
There was a general increase in the bacterial counts of the different liquors from 8 x
106 (red sorghum) to 110 x 106 (yellow maize). Generally, the pH of the liquors shows
a decrease of 7.9 to 7.4, while the total titratable acidity generally increased (5 – 14
%). The dried leaf extracts of all the steep liquors shows antibacterial activities for the
tested bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Streptococcus faecalis and
Escherichia coli). While, there was no antibacterial activities for the ethanolic extracts
of S. typhi and S. faecalis. The fresh leaf extracts of the steep liquors at a concentration
of 20g/100ml showed antibacterial activities for all the tested bacteria, but the
ethanolic extracts also did not show any antibacterial activities for both S. typhi and
S. faecalis. At higher concentrations of ratio 1:2, there was a high antibacterial activity
of all the liquor extracts against the tested organisms. In conclusion, the combination
of bamboo leaves and steep liquors especially those of the maize and in particular the
yellow maize liquor displayed excellent antibacterial activity against the pathogenic
organism of typhoid fever.
Keywords: Leaf extracts, Steep liquors, antityphoid properties, Bambusa tuldoides,
and pathogens.
203
P.K.03.
THE NEUROTOXIC EFFECTS OF ALUMINIUM AND
CONTRIBUTE TO A PHYTOTHERAPY BY CURCUMIN –
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY IN MICE
Noureddine Djebli
Department of Biology, faculty of SNV University of Mostaganem, Algeria
The continued occurrence of occupational Aluminum overexposure and Aluminum
poisoning in the World remains a serious problem despite awareness of its adverse
health effects. Aluminium is suspected to play a role in the emergence of some forms
of dementia and degeneration of the central nervous system. Turmeric root which is
frequently used as a spice contains a polyphenolic pigment, curcumin, known for its
antioxidant and anti-inflammatory.
The present study is an exploratory analysis of the effects of Aluminum exposure
in brain. By identifying affected brain structures, the associated functional deficits
can be more efficiently targeted and understood .the contribute to a treatment by
the Curcimen in mice. Mice’s were exposed to 1.6g/l chloride Aluminium drinking
water for eight weeks and treated with Curcimen solution (200mg/Kg) during one
month. The treatment was effective in decreasing Al levels in mice’s, and helps Al
detoxification. On hematological parameters, aluminum induces a hypochromic
microcytic anemia resulting in the decrease in hemoglobin, red blood cells and
hematocrit. On the biochemical level, a slight increase in cholesterol and decreased
levels of protein and calcium were recorded.
Keywords: Aluminium, Al toxicity, mice, curcumin, treatment
P.K.04.
AROMATIC AND MEDICINAL PLANTS AS A SOURCE OF
SCENTS, THROUGHOUT HISTORY OF THE HUMAN RACE
1
Armin Škrbo1
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
The story of the essential oils and perfumes is, above all, a story about human nature,
and its progress has always been guided by human needs, desires and imagination.
Since the birth of civilization, our ancestors used the aromatic and medicinal plants
as a source of odors, and later in the Middle Ages, except for the finishing cosmetic
products, used for control of certain diseases. Fragrances have evolved in one
204
particular industry in the 19th century, and they were part of cosmetology in the
manufacture of perfume and aromatic ingredients of cosmetics. The usage of it has
become more sophisticated with time, considering that the nature was mixed with
modern chemistry and synthesis of new aromatic components. Production of new
odors, throughout history, was true hard work, particularly because of the complexity
of production, as well as, a form of art, because of its design and high interest for
collectors. Essential oils are an integral part of aromatic and medicinal plants.
Aromatic and medicinal plants that contain essential oils, obtained from different
parts, kept their popularity during all periods of the human race. Essential oils are the
basis for development medicinal preparations for treatment and for making perfumes
that have represented the spiritual satisfaction and status throughout history. This
unique approach to the therapeutic use of essential oils is known as the French school
of aromatherapy, medical aromatherapy or aromamedicine. With a large supply of
various essential oils and perfumes, as well as manufacturers, a complete insight
into their quality and selection, is the natural choice for anyone who has a need
for their therapeutic effect and other applications. The purpose of this paper is to
highlight the historical importance of the use of fragrances and essential oils from
the earliest period of the human race. Hard evidence and traces of their application
date from the earliest periods of human history. Sources are found ranging from the
early beginnings in Egypt, Greece, Rome, the Islamic world, from the Middle Ages
to the Baroque and the twentieth and twenty-first century, explaining how the use in
cosmetology and for therapeutic purposes.
Keywords: Essential oils, aromatherapy, perfume
P.K.05.
IN VITRO ANTISICKLING PROPERTIES OF AQUEOUS
EXTRACTS OF ZANTHOXYLUM HEITZII
P. Nanfack1, C.A. Pieme2, P. Biapa1, M.V. Ama2,3, M.B.Moukete1, J.
Ngogang2,3
Department of Biochemistry, University of Yaoundé I, PO Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon,
Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, PO Box 1364 Yaoundé,
Cameroon; 3Laboratory of Nutrition and Nutritional Biochemistry, 3University Teaching
Hospital, Cameroon
1
2
Sickle cell disease is a real public health problem in our country with about 40% of the
population being heterozygous. Treatment of homozygote patients is very expensive.
Medicinal plants are the alternative way of treatment in developing countries. The aim
of this study was to evaluate the in vitro anti-sickling properties of Zanthoxylum heitzii.
205
Root barks, root without barks, leaves and fruits of Zanthoxylum heitzii. were
extracted with distilled water during 72 hours. The anti sickling properties of these
aqueous extracts were tested on HBSS red blood cells after induction of sickling by 2%
Sodium metabisulfite (Na2S2O5). Blood samples were taken from five HBss patients
out of crisis.The incubations were done during two hours in 2% Sodium metabisulfite
at different doses of the extracts. Osmotic fragility of RBC was also evaluated in the
presence of 250 µg/ml of each extract using standards methods.
In native RBC, the proportion of sickled erythrocytes varied between 18,88 and 43,36%
depending on the patient. These values increased significantly from 40,42 to 65,11% after 2h incubation in 2% Sodium metabisulfite. In the presence of the extracts, the
sickling process decreased significantly depending on the type or the concentration
of the extract .Extracts from the fruits showed the best anti-sickling activities with
reductions ranging between 7,5 to 12,5%. We obtained the same results with native
RBC incubated during 24 hours in the presence of extracts. At a concentration of
250 µg/ml of extracts, hemolysis reduced significantly revealing a protective effect of
the extracts on the erythrocyte membranes. Phytochemical screening revealed the
presence of saponins, alkaloids, polyphenols, mucilage, flavonoids and glycosids in
most extracts.
Aqueous extracts from Zanthoxylum heitzii inhibits the sickling process and protect
erythrocyte membranes against hemolysis..
Keywords: Sickle cell , Anti-sickling, Erythrocyte fragility, Zanthoxylum heitzii. P.K.06.
Herbal medicines in the treatment of
psychiatric disorders: Bosnia and Herzegovina
(W. Balkan)
Anesa ZAIMOVIĆ MOYER1, Amira Redžić2
University Vitez in Travnik, Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Department of Biology and Human Genetics of Medical Faculty University, 90 Cekalusa St.,
71 000 Sarajevo,Bosnia and Herzegovina
Correspondig author: [email protected]
1
2
Research in the area of herbal psychopharmacology has increased markedly over the
past decades. To date however, a comprehensive review of herbal antidepressants,
anxiolytic and hypnotic psychopharmacology and applications in depression, anxiety
and insomnia has been absent [1]. The Ovid Medline, Pubmed and the Cochrane
Library were searched for pharmacological and clinical evidence of herbal medicines
with psychotropic activity [2]. Specific emphasis in this research was given to emerging
phytomedicines. These studies are based on the results of ethno pharmacological
206
research in Bosnia and Herzegovina [3]. Special attention is paid to the following
species: Hypericum perforatum L., Melissa officinalis L., Mentha pulegium L., Ballota
nigra L., Humulus lupulus L., Valeriana officinalis L., Valeriana sp., Sambucus nigra
L., Datura stramonium L., and Orchis morio L. These species have been found in
different formulations (infusums, tincture, powder, oils, etc), however they have
all been used in different doses administered orally in the treatment of depression,
anxiety, insomnia and other psychiatric conditions. The results indicate favorable
outcomes especially for chronic conditions. This research indicates a potential for
good results, however, it requires a complex clinical study of certain products and
certain psychiatric conditions [4].
Keywords: psychopharmacology, medicinal plants, clinical botany, psychiatric
diseases
Aknowledgements: Authors are thankful to S. Redžić for his support in determination of
plant species.
References:
1. Sarris, J. (2007). Phytother Res. 21(8):703-16. 2. Sarris, J, Panossian, A, Schweitzer, I, Stough, C,
Scholey, A (2011). Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. [Epub ahead of print]. 3. Redzic, S. (2007). Collegium
Anropologicum 31, 869-890. 4. Faustino TT, Almeida RB, Andreatini R (2010). Rev Bras Psiquiatr. [Epub
ahead of print].
207
SESSION L
PHARMACOLOGY AND
GENOTOXIOLOGY
ORAL presentationS
PLENARY LECTURE
PL.L.01.
Protective effect of Nigella sativum’s aqueous
extract on oxidative DNA damage
Muhsin KONUK, İbrahim Hakkı Ciğerci, Şöhret Yüksek
Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Science and Literatures, Biology Department,
03200-Afyonkarahisar-Turkey
Corresponding author: http://www.muhsinkonuk.com; [email protected]
The black cumin (Nigella sativa) is claimed to have beneficial properties for human
health, such as anti-bacterial, anti-carsinogenic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant
activities. The antioxidant effects of the black cumin may be partly explained by
protection of cell components against free radicals. We evaluated the effect of aqueous
black cumin extract for its potential protecting agent against oxidative damage to
DNA in mononucleer leukocytes. Cells were pre-treated with various concentrations
(100, 50, 25, 12,5, 6,25, 3,125 μg/mL) of the extract for 30 min-60 min at 37°C. Cells
were then exposed to 10 and 50 mM of H2O2 for 5 min as an induction of oxidative
stress. Evaluation of oxidative damage was performed using alkaline single-cell gel
electrophoresis (Comet assay) for DNA fragmentation. Pre-treatments with black
cumin extract reduced DNA damage at the concentrations of 100-25 μg/mL. Thus,
black cumin showed cellular protection against endogenous DNA damage produced
by H2O2. On the other hand, different type of extracts’ antioxidative and antigenotoxic
effects of the black cumin are being studied especially on the ER stressed β-cells by
using cell-culture techniques.
Keywords: DNA demages, medicinal plants, protective effects
211
SESSION LECTURES
SL.L.01.
CYTOTOXIC AND GENOTOXIC EFFECTS OF Datura
stramonium EXTRACTS ON CULTURED HUMAN
LYMPHOCYTES
Zeynep ULKER, Lokman ALPSOY
Fatih University, Biology Department, Istanbul, Turkey
Datura stramonium is a plant in the Datura genus, within the Solanaceae family.
The active tropane alkaloids, are atropine, hyoscyamine and scopolamine which are
classified as deliriants, or anticholinergics used as a hallucinogen and internally to
treat madness, epilepsy, and depression. In this study, we aimed that determination
of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of D. stramonium methanolic seeds extract (DE) on
human lymphocytes culture by using sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and TUNEL
test(genotoxicity test), Lactate dehydrogenease (LDH) and cell proliferation(WST-1
) as a group of cytotoxicity test. Our results show that all DE do not have significant
cytotoxic effects (LDH assay) on human lymphocytes on the other part DE inhibited
24th and 48th cell proliferation significantly (p<0.001). Also tunel assay results
show that the concentration of DE cause DNA damage significantly (p<0.001). In
addition that SCE frequency was increased when 125x103µg/ml and 50x103µg/ml
concentration of DE added in the lymphocyte culture (p<0.05). All of the assay result
suggested that the component of D. stramonium atropine and scopolamine which are
classified anticholinergic agents have genotoxic and slight cytotoxic effects on human
cultured lymphocytes.
Keywords: Datura stramonium, tropane alkaloids, Lymphocyte, genotoxicity,
cytotoxicity, sister chromatid exchange (SCE)
212
SL.L.02.
PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES AND IN VITRO NEMATICIDAL
ACTIVITY OF THE ROOT AND BARK EXTRACTS OF Delonix
regia (FLAMBOYANT TREE)
Ndana Rebeccah , Edozie Chichi
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
Root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp) have been shown to be one of the three most
economically damaging genera of plant parasitic nematode on horticultural and field
crops. This study was carried out to screen root and bark extracts of Delonix regia
as a potential nematicide and to carry out phytochemical screening to detect the
presence of phytochemical constituents. Water extracts of the root and bark were
tested for nematicidal activity against the eggs and juveniles of root knot nematode.
The extracts were prepared at different concentrations (0, 10, 40, 70, and 100%) and it
was observed that the 100% concentration treatments were more effective in bringing
about juvenile mortality and inhibiting egg hatch. While the 10% concentration of
the extract was found to be the least active as the egg hatch and juvenile mortality
is almost insignificant compared to the control. Reducing sugar, tannins, cardiac
glycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins were present in the root material while
tannins, volatile oils, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponin and hydrolysable tannin were
found to be present in the bark of the plant material. Terpenoids were absent in both
the root and bark of Delonix regia. These plant extracts hold promise as an alternative
means of reducing or inhibiting the effect of root knot nematode.
Keywords: Extracts, phytochemical rootknot nematodes, Delonix regia,
nematicidal
213
SL.L.03.
ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME CAMEROONIAN
MEDICINAL PLANTS AGAINST Plasmodium berghei K173
GROWTH IN MICE MODEL.
K.B Pone1 and P. Anirban1
Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Lucknow-India
1
Developing countries, where malaria is endemic, depend strongly on traditional
medicine as a source for inexpensive treatment of this disease. However, scientific
data to validate the antimalarial properties of these herbal remedies are scarce.
Consequently, it is important that antimalarial medicinal plants are investigated, in
order to establish their efficacy and to determine their potential as sources of new
antimalarial drugs.
In this study, we evaluated the claimed antimalarial properties of six extracts from
two plants used in traditional medicine against malaria and fever, mainly in some
African and Asian regions. The air dried powdered plant parts (leaves, roots and
bark) were extracted with water and ethanol as solvents. The blood schizontocidal
activity was measured using a standard in vivo assay, with Plasmodium berghei K173
strain. The ahcoholic extracts were the most effective and have shown a significant
activity (P<0.05). The bioassay-guided fractionation of the most active extract is
ongoing.
Keywords: Traditional medicine; Medicinal plants; Antimalarial; Plasmodium
berghei K173
SL.L.04.
ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF
Echinophora tenuifolia L.
M. Serdal SAKÇALI1, Lokman ALPSOY1, Abdullah KIRAN2, Zeynep ÜLKER1,
Güzin KEKEÇ1
1
Fatih University, Biology Department, Istanbul, Turkey; 2 Marmara University, Biology
Department, Istanbul, Turkey
The genus Echinophora (Apiaceae) is represented in the flora of Turkey by six
species including three endemics. Echinophora tenuifolia L. (Turkish pickling herb),
a bushy plant, is the most widespread one, through the rural and rudeal areas of
214
Turkey. E. tenuifolia is about 20-50 cm height, perennial, thorn less, soft fur, yellow
flowered and strong scented plant. Beside of its pharmaceutical usage, it also has
some etnobotanical applications. People use it picling hern in pickle (stabilization
and conservation). Its leaves and flowered branches gives particular odor and
taste to pickles. It also used for healing wounds and to treat gastric ulcers due to
its antifungal, carminative, and digestive properties. Main constituents of essential
oils from pickling herb (Echinophora tenuifolia L.) are δ-3-carene, methyl eugenol,
α-phellandrene, p-cymene and β-phellandrene.
In this study, the antimicrobial and antioxidant enzymes activity of the extract of
Echinophora tenuifolia L. were investigated. The total antioxidant capacity and total
phenolic content were measured by using CUPRAC, ABTS and Folin–Ciocalteu
colorimetric methods.
Keywords: Echinophora tenuifolia L., antioxidant capacity, antimicrobial activity,
ethnobotanical
SL.L.05.
GENOTOXIC AND CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF STORAX IN
VITRO
Bulent KARADENIZ1, Zeynep ULKER1, Lokman ALPSOY1
1
Fatih University, Biology Department, Istanbul, Turkey
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the storax balsam which is a kind
of sweet gum obtained from the Liquidambar orientalis Mill trees, on cell viability,
cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in human lymphocyte in vitro. We studied the genotoxic
effects of the extract of storax balsam (SE) by using sister chromatid exchange (SCE)
test system. Also the cytotoxic and inhibitory effects on cell proliferation of SE were
evaluated by using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and cell proliferation (WST1) assay. The SCE frequency was increased when cells were treated with 1.6 and 4.0
µg/ml SE concentrations (p<0.05). Moreover treatment of the cells with the same
concentrations significantly depleted the cell number at 24th and 48th hours and
elevated the LDH levels (p<0.05) at 48th hour. These results suggest that SE can be
used as an alternative anti-bacterial and anti-pathogenic agent due to cytotoxic and
genotoxic effects.
Keywords: Liquidambar orientalis, storax, genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, sister chromatid
exchange (SCE).
215
SL.L.06.
ANTIMICROBIAL COMPOUNDS OF MEDICINAL HERBS
Midhat JaŠiĆ1, Ramzija Cvrk1, Džemail FerhatoviĆ2, Sead Noćajević2
Faculty of Technology, University of Tuzla, Department of Food Technology, Tuzla, B&H
Faculty of Science, University of Tuzla, Department of Biology, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
1
2
Spices and herbs used for thousands of years in many cultures, to improve the taste
and aroma of food. Early cultures have recognized the value of using spices and herbs
for preserving food products as well as their medicinal value, but only since the end of
the nineteenth century are well-known scientific experiments that have documented
antimicrobial properties of some spices and herbs. For this reason, spices and herbs are
increasingly used as natural agents for slowing the process of food spoilage (food shelf)
and to prevent the growth of microorganisms, including pathogenic Microorganisms
(food safety), as well as replacement of antibiotics to which some bacteria show resistance.
Research conducted in the latest decade have shown that herbs and spices contain
essential oils in the range of 0.05-0.1% showed activity against pathogens in foods such
as Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus
cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. However, the use of herbs, spices and their essential oils
with antimicrobial effects compared with synthetic additives are still limited due to lack
of known effects, strong odors, and high prices.
This paper provides an overview of the effects of various kinds of herbs, spices and
their essential oils on gram-positive and gram-negative pathogenic bacteria, fungi and
mold. Also described are natural compounds present in spices and medicinal herbs
that have shown antimicrobial functions, such as sulfur compounds (allicin and allyl
isothiocyanate ), terpenes and terpene derivatives, phenols (eugenol, carvacrol, thymol),
esters, aldehydes, alcohols and glycosides, and etc.
Keywords: herbs, spices, antimicrobial compounds.
SL.L.07.
PHARMACOVIGILANCE IN HERBAL MEDICINE: A
PARADIGM TO DRUG TOXICITY MONITORING
Shailendra Gurav
P.D.E.A.’s Seth Govind Raghunath Sable College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy,
Saswad- 412 301, Maharashtra, India
Pharmacovigilance is the science and activities relating to the detection, assessment,
understanding and prevention of adverse effects or any other possible drug-related
216
problems. The specific aims of pharmacovigilance are to; improve patient care
and safety in relation to the use of medicines and all medical and paramedical
interventions, improve public health and safety in relation to the use of medicines,
contribute to the assessment of benefit, harm, effectiveness and risk of medicines,
encouraging their safe, rational and more effective (including cost-effective) use, and
promote understanding, education and clinical training in pharmacovigilance and its
effective communication to the public.
Recently, its concerns have been widened to include herbals, traditional and
complementary medicines, blood products, biological, medical devices, vaccines
etc. Many other issues are also of relevance to the science; substandard medicines,
medication errors, lack of efficacy reports, use of medicines for indications that are
not approved and for which there is inadequate scientific basis, case reports of acute
and chronic poisoning, assessment of drug-related mortality, abuse and misuse of
medicines and adverse interactions of medicines with chemicals, other medicines
and food.
Herbal medicines are widely used in both developed and developing countries
however, in recent years, there are several high-profile herbal safety concerns having
an impact on the public health. The use of herbal and traditional medicines raises
concerns in relation to their safety. There is wide misconception that ‘natural’ means
‘safe’. There is the common belief that long use of a medicine, based on tradition,
assures both its efficacy and safety. There are examples of traditional and herbal
medicines being adulterated or contaminated with allopathic medicines, chemicals
such as corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and heavy metals.
Many traditional medicines are manufactured for global use and they have moved
beyond the traditional and cultural framework for which they were originally
intended. Self-medication further aggravates the risk to patients. When traditional
and herbal medicines are used in conjunction with other medicines there is the
potential of serious adverse drug interactions.
The pharmacovigilance of herbal medicines exhibits particular challenges because
such preparations are available from a wide range of outlets typically where there
is no health care professional available, most purchases are in conventional OTC
environment.
For all these reasons, inclusion of herbal and traditional medicines in national
pharmacovigilance programmes has become important and inevitable. Healthcare
providers, including traditional health practitioners, regulators, manufacturers and
the public share a responsibility for their informed and safe use.
Various methods in pharmacovigilance are passive surveillance includes spontaneous
reporting and stimulated reporting, active surveillance by sentinel sites, drug event
monitoring, registries, comparative observational studies by survey study, case
control study, targeted clinical investigations by investigate drug-drug interactions
and food- drug interactions .
A number of national pharmacovigilance centres are now monitoring the safety
of traditional medicines. For that to succeed, the collaboration and support of
217
consumers, traditional health practitioners, providers of traditional and herbal
medicines and other experts is necessary. More attention needs to be given to research
and to training of healthcare providers and consumers in this area.
Keywords
Pharmacovigilance, herbal medicines, safety issues, drug-drug interactions, drugfood interactions,
References:
1.M. Mosihuzzaman, M. Choudhary. (2008) Protocols on safety, efficacy, standardisation and
documentation of herbal medicine, Pure Appl. Chem., 80:10; 2195-2230. 2. Guidelines for the
regulation of herbal medicines in the South East Asia Region, WHO Regional office, New Delhi, SEA
Trad. Med. -82. 3. WHO guidelines on safety monitoring of herbal medicines in pharmacovigilance
system, WHO Geneva 2004. 5. Reporting adverse drug reactions associated with herbal products, PhD
thesis by Rishma Walji, University of Toronto.
SL.L.08.
THE EFFECTS OF SOME ANTIBIOTICS AND ESSENTIAL
OILS ON CONTROLLING OF E.COLI BACTERIA
1
Mahsa Aghhavani-Shajari1, Parviz Rezvani Moghaddam1, Mahdi
Hedayati2, Marjan Bani-Hassan1, Jabbar Fallahi1
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran ; 2
Department of Poultry, Faculty of Veterinary, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
Incorrect use of antibiotics caused an increase in drug resistant strains of bacteria [2,4],
since study of the antibacterial effects of medicinal plants can be useful method for a
sustainable controlling of those bacteria[2]. Some researchers showed that these plants
have an antimicrobial effects on E. Coli [3,5]. Therefore the aim of this study was to
evaluate the effects of some essential oils on E.coli bacteria. In this study a number of
100 samples froms yolk sac and liver of dead chicken with 7 dayes old were taken. The
samples were first enriched in modified trypticase soy broth, containing novobiocin,
followed by plating on sorbitol Mac Cankey agar supplemented with Cefixime and
potassium tellurite. Consequently the suspected non sorbitol fermenting (NSF) colonies
were confirmed by biochemical tests (IMViC) as E. coli, that 20 samples were positive.
The antibiogram test of isolated bacteria was performed by disc diffusion method using
some botanical and synthetic antibiotic mentioned in table 1. Among antibiotics, the
most susceptibility was seen for Nitrofurasone and among mentioned essential oils
the most susceptibility was seen for Thyme (Table. 1). Likes similar researches [3,5],
our results showed that essential oils had an inhibitory effect on E.Coli growth. Some
researches reveled that monoterpenic compositions stopped the cell division[1]. With
recent studies it has been recognized that essential oils due to their oily nature could
218
be pass across the cytoplasmic membranes and then with disturbance in structure of
polysaccharides, organic asides and phospholipids caused disturbance in turnover of
microbial agents [1]. Over all, we could be hopeful about the antimicrobial effects of
natural compounds to replace them into the synthetic antibiotics.
Keywords: Medicinal plants, Thyme, Disc Diffusion, Nitrofurasone
Table. 1. Growth inhibition halo diameter(mm) for botanic and synthetic antibiotics against
E. Coli
Pepper
mint
Pennyroyal
Rosemary
Thyme
Streptomycin
Ceftioxime
Kanamycin
Nitrofurasone
2
8
12
26
5
14
15
25
Refrences:
1. Di Pasqua, R. et al. (2006). J. Agric. Food Chem. 54: 2745-2749. 2. Fallahi, J. et al. (2010) Iranian Vet.
J. 6(1): 33-25. 3. Govaris, E. et al. (2010) Food Sci. Tech. 43: 1-5. 4. Hayouni, E.A. et al. (2008). Int. J. Food
Micro. 125: 242–251. 5. Oussalah, M. et al. (2007) Food Cont. 18: 414–420.
SL.L.09.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME Satureja L.
ESSENTIAL OILS AGAINST Pseudomonas aeruginosa
T. Mihajilov-Krstev1 , D. Radnović2, D. Kitić3, B. Zlatković1,2 and J.
Jović1,3
Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš,
Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia 2Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and
Mathematics, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21 000 Novi Sad, Serbia
3
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bul. Dr Zoran Đinđić 81,
18000 Niš, Serbia
1
Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes a variety of diseases in humans including different
infections. According to previous studies, pathogenic strain P. aeruginosa shows the
greatest resistance treating by essential oils isolated from aromatic plants, due to the
hydrophilic cell surface. In this investigation, we used microwell-dilution method
in order to analyse antibacterial activity of some Satureja L. essential oils against
the pathogenic strain P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027. Selected essential oils showed the
activity in range of MIC/MBC=0.78-25.00/6.25-50.00 μLmL-1, which is very good
antimicrobial effects in comparison with the referent antibiotic streptomycin (MIC/
MBC=8.00 μLmL-1). Those essential oils could present the real natural source of
219
antimicrobial compounds in medical treatments against the strains which rapidly
develop resistance.
Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Satureja L., essential oil, antimicrobial activity
Acknowledgments - The authors are very grateful to the Ministry of Education and Sciences
of the Republic of Serbia for the financial support of Grant No. III-41018 and the Project
“Training and Research in Environmental Health in the Balkans, D43 TW00641” supported
by the NIH/Fogarty International Center, USA. Also, The authors are thankful for financial
support from the Provincial Secretariat for Science and Technological Development of
the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Republic of Serbia, in the Frame of the project
“Molecular and phenotypic diversity of taxa of economic and epidemiological importance,
and endangered and endemic species in Europe.”
References:
1. Bežić, N., Skočibušić, M., Dunkić, V. (2005) Phytochemical composition and antimicrobial activity of
Satureja montana L. and Satureja cuneifolia Ten. essential oils. Acta Botanica Croatica, 64 (2): 313-322. 2.
Burt, S.A., Reinders, R.D. (2003) Antibacterial activity of selected plant essential oils against Escherichia
coli O157:H7. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 36 (3): 162–167. 3. Dorman, H.J.D. and Deans, S.G.
(2000) Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. Journal of Applied
Microbiology, 88: 308-316. 4. Oussalah, M., Caillet, S., Saucier, L., Lacroix, M. (2006) Antibacterial
effects of selected plant essential oils on the growth of a Pseudomonas putida strain isolated from meat.
Meat science, 76: 236-244. 5. Redzić, S. (2006) Wild Edible Plants and Their Traditional Use in the
Human Nutrition in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 45: 189–232. 6. Skočibučić,
M., Bežić, N. (2006) Phytochemical composition and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils from
Satureja subspicata Vis. growing in Croatia. Food Chemistry, 96: 20-28. 7. Skočibušić, M., Bežić, N.
(2004b) Phytochemical Analysis and In vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Two Satureja Species Essential
Oils. Phytotherary Research, 18: 967–970.
SL.L.10.
Antifertility Effect of Butea monosperma
flowers in male rats
Sudha Chauhan¹, Sudha Agrawal²
¹Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India and
²Bhilai Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Bhilai, Durg, India
Antifertility activity of ethanolic extract of Butea monosperma flowers was
investigated. Adult male albino rats were administered the crude extract orally at 150
and 600 mg per kg doses for 12 day. The testis of treated rats showed vacuolization of
seminiferous tubules, exfoliation of germ cells in the tubular lumen and Leydig cell
hyperplasia. There was atrophy of epididymal tubules and increases in fibromuscular
stroma. The lumen of vas deferens was occluded accompanied with atrophy of luminal
220
epithelium. Histological findings were corroborated by biochemical alterations
such as decrease in testicular glycogen and increase in testicular acid and alkaline
phosphatase enzyme activities. Further studies are needed in this field.
Keywords: Butea monosperma, Antifertility, male reproduction
Acknowledgements: Authors are thankful to Indian Council of Medical Research, New
Delhi and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi for financial support
SL.L.11.
Determination of Cd-induced genotoxicity in
Roman nettle (Urtica pilulifera L.) using RAPD-PCR
techniques
Ilhan DOGAN1, Ibrahim Ilker OZYIGIT2, Guzin KEKEC3, Mehmet Serdal
SAKCALI3, Goksel DEMIR4 Hüseyin TOMBULOGLU3
and Ibrahim Ertugrul YALCIN2,4
Izmir Institute of Technology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gulbahce,
Urla, Izmir, Turkey, 2Marmara University, Faculty of Sciences & Arts, Biology Department,
Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey 3Fatih University, Faculty of Sciences & Arts, Department of Biology,
Hadımköy, Istanbul, Turkey, 4Bahcesehir University, Faculty of Engineering, Environmental
Engineering Department, Besiktas, Istanbul, Turkey
1
Urticaceae family members are very common and widespread species found in the
margins of arable fields, gardens and countryside throughout Europe, Asia and
Northern Africa (Firbank et al., 2002). They are very rich in terms of chemical
constituents and have been used as herbal medicines (Manganelli et al., 2005). The
leaves of Urtica contain histamine, formic acid, acetylcholine, acetic acid, butyric
acid, leukotrienes, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and other irritants (Wagner et al., 1994) On
the other hand, nettle`s main plant chemicals include acetophenone, acetylcholine,
agglutinin, alkaloids, butyric acid, astragalin, caffeic acid, carbonic acid, chlorogenic
acid, chlorophyll, cholin, coumaric acid, folacin, formic acid, histamin, lectins, lecitin,
linoleic acid, linolenic acid, panthotenic acid, quercetin, xanthophyll, violaxanthin,
succinic acid, stigmasterol, serotonin, scopoletin, quinic acid, neoolivil, palmitic
acid, kaempherols, coproporphyrin, plastocyanins, glycoproteins, carotenoids, fatty
acids, sterols, flavonoids, polysaccharides, terpenes, and lignans (Taylor, 2005).
Urtica pilulifera L. (Roman nettle) is one of the most important traditional drugs
in Turkey (Baser et al., 1986). Whole plant shows antiasthmatic, antidandruff,
astringent, depurative, diuretic, expectorant, purgative, galactogogue, haemostatic,
hypoglycemic effects, and is a stimularity tonic for medicinal purposes. It was
especially used as a remedy for diabetes mellitus, eczema, rheumatism, hemorrhoids,
221
hyperthyroidism, bronchitis and cancer (Baytop, 1999; Kavalalı, 2003). Cadmium
(Cd) is a non-essential element and negatively affects plant growth and development
(Benavides et al., 2005; Gratao et al., 2005). It is known as an extremely significant
pollutant due to having a toxicity of up to 20 times higher than that of many other
heavy metals (Vassilev et al., 1998).
In this study, Roman nettle (U. pilulifera L.) was used as bioindicator for Cd pollution
in the range of 100 μM - 200 μM. The inhibitory rate of root growth was indicated
by an increase of Cd at 100 μM (35%) or 200 μM (85%), a gradual decrease in total
soluble proteins from 334.6 μg to 112.8 μg and the genomic instability observed
by the comparison of RAPD-PCR profile changes. Genotoxic effects of Cd were
determined by comparing to Parents’ and F1 individual plants’ band profiles. Thus,
DNA polymorphisms detected by RAPD analysis could be used as an investigation
tool for environmental toxicology and as a useful biomarker assay for the detection
of genotoxic effects of Cd pollution on plants. In this work, U. pilulifera was also
used to investigate the differences in the absorption, accumulation and usage of
mineral nutrients at different levels of the Cd exposure for two months. Uptake of
some mineral nutrients (Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na and Zn) and Cd by U. pilulifera
was examined in roots and leaves by using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical
Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES). The data proved that plant growth and uptake
and accumulation of microelements are altered extensively in U. pilulifera grown
with Cd. Cd reduces the uptake pattern of certain elements and increases that of
others, the patterns depending on the element and the plant part being compared to
the control. Genotoxic effects and the accumulation of mineral nutrients were better
correlated with Cd levels in U. pilulifera used in this study. Therefore, changes in
genetic material may result in altered metabolism of mineral nutrition.
Keywords: RAPD-PCR, genotoxicity, cadmium (Cd), Urtica pilulifera, mineral
nutrition.
References
1. Baser, K.H.C, Honda, G., Miki, W., 1986. Herbs Drugs and Herbalists in Turkey. Toyo Publishing,
Tokyo. 2. Baytop, T. 1999. Therapy with Medicinal Plants in Turkey (Past and Present), Istanbul
University Press, Istanbul. 3. Benavides, M.P. et al., (2005), Braz J Plant Physiol., 17, 49-55. 4. Firbank,
L.G. Norton, L.R and Smart, S.M. 2002. Recording cereal field margins in Countryside Survey 2000. 5.
Gratao, P.L. et al., (2005), Func Plant Biol, 32, 481-494. Kavalalı, G. et al., (2003), J Ethnopharmacol.,
84, 241-245. 6. Manganelli, R.E.U. et al., (2005), J Ethnopharmacol., 98, 323-327. 7. Taylor, L., 2005.
The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs. Square One Publishers, New York. 8. Vassilev, A. et al., (1998),
Environ. Pollut.103, 287-293. 9. Wagner, H. et al., (1994), Phytomedicine, 1, 213-224.
222
SL.L.12.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ANTIBACTERIAL AND
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF WILD GROWING FRUITS
JUICES
T. Mihajilov-Krstev1 , B. Zlatković1,2, M. Ilić2,
V. Stankov-Jovanović2,1, V. Mitić2,2
Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Department of Biology and Ecology, Višegradska 33,
18000 Niš, Serbia 2Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Department of Chemistry, Višegradska 33,
18000 Niš, Serbia
1
The aim of this study was to investigate antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of
juices freshly derived from fruits of several trees and bushes growing wild in Serbia:
Viburnum lantana, Viburnum opulus, Sambucus nigra, Cornus sanguinea, Paliurus
spina-christi and Pyrus spinosa. The antimicrobial activity of the tested samples have
been investigated using microwell-dilution method against commonest human
gastrointestinal pathogenic bacterial strains: Salmonella enteritidis (ATCC 13076),
Shigella sonnei (ATCC 25931), Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 7644), Ecsherichia coli
(ATCC 25922) and Bacillus cereus (ATCC 10786). Their antioxidant properties have
been evaluated employing DPPH and total phenolic and flavonoid content assays. The
obtained results have been suggested potential application of selected fruit extracts as
natural sources of valuble antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds.
Keywords: wild growing fruits, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities
Acknowledgments - The authors are very grateful to the Ministry of Education and Sciences
of the Republic of Serbia for the financial support of Grant No 172047.
References:
1. Chen, J.L., Yan, S., Feng, Z., Xiao, L., Hu, X.S. (2007) Changes in the volatile compounds and chemical
and physical properties of Yali pear (Pyrus bertschneideri Reld) during storage. - Food Chemistry, 97:
248–255. 2. Grlić, Lj. (1986) Atlas samoniklog jestivog bilja. – ITRO Augus Cesarec, Zagreb, 392 pp. 3.
Haruyasu, S. (1990) Changes in the volatile composition of La France pear during maturing. - Journal
of Science of Food and Agriculture, 52(3): 421–429. 4. Hummer, K. E., Janick, J. (2009) Rosaceae:
Taxonomy, Economic Importance, Genomics. In: Folta, K.M., Gardiner S.E. (eds.): Genetics and
Genomics of Rosaceae, Plant Genetics and Genomics: Crops and Models 6. - Springer Science+Business
Media. 5. Neda Mimica-Dukic, natasa Simin, Jelena Cvejic, Emilija Jovin, Dejan Orcic, Biljana Bozin,
Phenolic compounds in field Horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.) as natural antioxidants, Molecules 2008,
13, 1455-1464; DOI: 10.3390/molecules13071455. 6. Rizzolo, A., Lombardi, P., Vanoli, M., Polesello,
S. (1995): Use of Capillary Gas Chromatography/Sensory Analysis as an additional tool for sampling
technique comparison in peach aroma analysis. - Journal High Resolution Chromatography, 18:309–
314. 7. Russel, T., Cutler, C., Walters, M. (2007) Trees of the world – an illustrated encyclopedia and
identifier. – Hermes House-Annes Publishing Ltd, 511 pp. 8. Terpo, A., Amaral Franco, do J. (1968):
Pyrus L. In: Tutin T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M., Webb, D.A. (eds.):
Flora Europaea 1: 65-66. – At the University Press, Cambridge.
223
P.L.01.
EVALUATION OF ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF
VARIOUS EXTRACTS OF CASSIA FISTULA BY CHEMICALLY
INDUCED CONVULSIONS
Ziyaurrahman A.R1, Jayvadan Patel, dr.2
1. M.C.E. Society’s Allana College of Pharmacy, Pune. INDIA
2. Nootan Pharmacy College,S.P. Sahakar Vidyadham, Ambaji Road,Visnagar-Gujarat, India
Epilepsy is an excitatory neurological disorder characterized by clonic and tonic
seizers. Various chemicals like PTZ, strychnine, isoniazide, picrotoxin induce
epilepsy in laboratory animals. These chemical induced epilepsy by a plethora of
mechanisms. PTZ is the competitive antagonist at the benzodiazepines receptor
complex. Strychnine inhibits the synthesis of inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine
this triggers an excitatory response characterized by seizures and convulsions. In the
present investigation the chloroform extract of Cassia fistula ameliorated the onset
and intensity of the epileptic seizures in a dose dependent manner. This observation
provides experimental proof that the chloroform extract possess benzodiazepines
receptor modulating activity. It could also be extrapolated from the present study
that the chloroform extract may act as an agonist al GABA mediated chloride
channel and facilitate the influx of chloride ions leading to antiepileptic activity.
The results obtained from the experiments confirm the findings of previous workers
Lopez & Casado, 2001. The M.E.S. induced seizures, the onset of seizures was delayed
significantly at the highest dose. It is worth noting that the percentage mortality at
the highest dose in the various model viz PTZ, Strychnine, M.E.S. were 16, 16, 33
and 50 respectively. This bolsters the assumption that the hydroalchoholic extract
may exhibit its antiepileptic activity by modulation of GABAergic transmission.
In the present study the hydroalcoholic extract exhibited dose dependent inhibition
of epileptic seizures. It is evident from the research conducted by the previous
workers that PTZ induces epilepsy by blocking the BZD receptor complex. In
the M.E.S. induced seizures, the onset of seizures was delayed significantly at the
highest dose. It is worth noting that the percentage mortality at the highest dose in
the various models viz. PTZ, Picrotoxin, Strychnine and M.E.S. were 16, 16, 33 and
50 respectively. This bolsters the assumption that the hydroalcoholic extract may
exhibit its anti epileptic activity by modulation of GABAergic transmission. On the
other hand strychnine possesses the property of inhibition of synthesis of glycine.
The hydroalcoholic extract of Cassia fistula ameliorated the seizures by prolonging
the onset and reducing the mortality.
224
Keywords: Pentylenetetrazole, strychnine, isoniazide, picrotoxin, Cassia fistula
Acknowledgements: Bhagwant University, Ajmer, Rajasthan
P.L.02.
USEFUL TRAITS OF C.CYANUS L.
Arzu Huseynova
Institute of Botany of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Azerbaijan
One of the poor researched and large spread genuses of Asteraceae Dumort. is
Centaurea L. which is known as a Profit Flower by people. The researcher of the
genus was a point of argument for a long time in Soviet Union. Most of authors
who researched Centaurea genus state that it comprises of up to 700 species. The
study of the genus in the flora of Azerbaijan didn’t involve enough interest. Only
Karyagin studied its taksonomy before last 60 years. On the basis of the latest studies
we can state that 29 species was included to the Azerbaijani flora and these species are
systematically very important for their morphological, anatomical, paleontological
and biochemical traits.
The useful usage of the Centaurea genus was known since the time of the famous
mytholog Kentavr Khiron, the latin name of the plant was taken from that. By the
myth he was able to treat people by the plants.
Nowadays Centaurea species get attention of the world scientists as a medicine
plants. In a national medicine most species of the genus are being used as a analgetic,
against to illnesses of different systems such as heart-vascular, malary, diabet, nervus,
kidneys and so on. In medicine C.cyanus is mostly used specie.
According to the morfological signs we can say that alcoloids of the funnel-shaped
flowers of this specie enlarges the blood vessels and has a hypnotic effect. Apart
from that it has effects such as above mentioned ones. The sap of the stem was used
for treatment of injuries in past. According to the literature dates Centaurea is rich
with antocyan. This is a strong antibiotic. Thats why Centaurea extract has antifever,
analgetic and recovering traits and increases resistance against infections.
C.cyanus extract is more effective for treatment of fire injuries, exema, and eye
illnesses. For takeing the fatigue ofeyes and increase its light it is used in cosmetology
as well. The extract of fresh centaurea has an effect of correction of the skin and is
useful for sensitive skins.
Keywords: Centaurea L., C.cyanus L.
225
P.L.03.
EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SIDERITIS
TROJANA BORNM. SIDERITIS ATHOA PAPANIKOLAOU &
KOKKINI WATER AND ETHANOL EXTRACTS
Hatice Tunca, E. Burcu Bali1, Fatma Aydın1, Leyla Açık1,
Tuncay Dirmenci2
Gazi University, Department of Biology, Teknikokullar, 06500, Ankara, Türkiye, 2Balıkesir
Üniversitesi, Eğitim Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, Balıkesir, Türkiye/Turkey
1
Most of the current medicines originally derived from medicinal plants. The value of
medicinal plants as herbal remedies is quite popular around the world and especially
in Turkey. There are so many herbs, spices and tea for medicinal purposes. Of these,
Sideritis species [Fam. Lamiaceae], are known as “dağ çayı” (Mountain tea), is used as
tea among Turkish people. The plants are distirubuted Mediteranian region in Turkey.
The genus represented with 45 taxa in Turkey, 39 of them are endemic (1). Sideritis
trojana is only grown in Kaz Dağı, Turkey. S. trojana is endemic plant and the local
name of the plant is “sarıkız çayı”. S. athoa is grow in Kazdağı and it’s around. The local
name of S. athoa is “kedi kuyruğu çayı”. Sideritis species have strong antimicrobial
and antioxidant activity due to their phenolic content such as hydroxycinnamic acids
and flavonoids (2). In this study in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of
ethanol, methanol and water extracts of Sideritis athoa Papanikolaou & Kokkini
and Sideritis trojana Bornm. (Lamiaceae) were investigated. The antimicrobial
activity was analyzed by agar well diffusion method. The antioxidant activity of
Sideritis extracts were determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals
scavenge method and phenolic contents of the extracts were exemined. Butylated
hydroxytoluene (BHT) was used as a positive control for antioxidant activity. Ethanol
and methanol extracts of Sideritis species showed antimicrobial activity aganist
Bacillus cereus NRRL-B-3711, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Pseudomonas aeroginosa
ATCC 27853, Staphlococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Candida albicans ATCC 10231
and Candida tropicalis ATCC 13803. Water extracts possesed lower antimicrobial
activity than ethanol and methanol extracts. The ethanol and methanol extracts of S.
athoa strongly reduced the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical (IC50= 20,25±1.2 µg/ml,
IC50 = 13,8±0,2 µg/ml) and also S. trojana methanol extract had strong scavenging
activity (IC50 = 14,85±0,4 µg/ml) than BHT (IC50= 27,5±0,2 µg/ml). Phenolic content
of the methanol extracts were higher than ethanol and water extracts. This study
confirms that methanol extracts of two Sideritis species has the highest antioxidant
and antimicrobial properties in vitro and they are more effective than antioxidant
positive control (BHT). In addition that S. athoa methanol extract possesses more
powerful antioxidant capacity than S. trojana.
226
Keywords: antimicrobial activity, S. athoa, S. trojana, biological activity
Acknowledgements: The authors acknowledge the State Planning organisation (Grant
1998K121480
References:
1. Davis H. (1982) Flora of Turkey and East Aegan Islands volume 7 Edınburg University Press. 2.
Kilic T. et al. (2003) Chem of N Compounds 39: 453-456.
P.L.04.
SCREENING OF BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF TROLLIUS
EUROPAEUS L. EXTRACTS: ANTIOXIDANT AND
ANTICHOLINESTERASE PROPERTIES
Strahinja Simonović1, Vesna Stankov Jovanović1, Violeta Mitić1,
Gordana Stojanović1, Marija Ilić1
1
Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Department of Chemistry, Niš, Serbia
Trollius L. (globeflower) is a genus of about thirty species of plant. They are native
to cool, temperate regions of Northern Hemisphere, with the greatest diversity of
species in Asia. Among three European species, Trollius europaeus L. has the widest
distributional range. It occupies extensive areas of northern and central lowlands
areas of Europe, while toward the south of the continent, it growing only in the
mountains. There are few papers referring to the phytochemical characteristic of
Trollius chinensis and Troliius ledebourii as medicinal plants and their antioxidant
activities. Information’s about Trollius europaeus L chemical composition, antioxidant
and anticholinesterase activities are insufficient.
This study evaluated antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of the acetone,
ether, methanol and hexane extracts from different aerial parts (leaves, flowers and
stems) of plant Trollius europaeus L. The antioxidant activity of these plant parts was
evaluated by using the DPPH method and ferric reducing antioxidant power. In
addition, total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by using gallic acid
and rutin as a standard.
The highest anti-oxidative DPPH radical capacity showed hexane and ether leaf extracts,
those extracts also showed highest flavonoids content. Lowest DPPH radical capacity
and flavonoids content showed acetone stem extract. Highest level of polyphenols was
in acetone leaf extract and lowest in hexane flower extract. Highest ferric reducing
antioxidant power showed methanol leaf extract, and lowest hexane flower extract.
Cholinesterase inhibitors are a treatment option for most people with Alzheimer’s
disease. All plant extracts were screened for potential cholinesterase inhibitory
227
activity. Cholinesterase inhibiting activity showed methanol leaf, methanol flower,
methanol stem, acetone stem and ether stem extracts of Trollius europaeus L.
Keywords: Trollius europaeus, cholinesterase, antioxidant, extracts
Acknowledgement: The research was supported by the Serbian Ministry of Science and
References:
1.Yao-Lan, L., et al. (2002) Journal of Ethnopharmacology 79:365. 2. Li, H., Zhang, M., Ma, G. (2011)
Nutrition 27:1061-5. 3. Maciejewska-Rutkowska, I., et al. (2007) Polish Journal of Environmental
Studies 16:595-605. 4. Zou, J.H., et al. (2005) Phytochemistry 66:1121.
P.L.05.
INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITIES OF TWO MAJOR LICHEN
COMPOUNDS (diffractaic and usnic acid) AGAINST Sitophilus
zeamais Motsch (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Erol Yildirim1, Bugrahan Emsen2 and Ali ASLAN3
Atatürk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, 25240, ErzurumTURKEY; 2Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Kamil Ozdag Faculty of Science, Department
of Biology, 70200, Karaman-Turkey; 3Atatürk University, Kazým Karabekir Faculty of
Education, Department of Biology Education, 25240, Erzurum-Turkey.
1
Two major lichen compounds (diffractaic and usnic acid) isolated from Usnea
longissima Ach. were tested against adults of Sitophilus zeamais Motsch for 24, 48,
72, and 96 h and mortalities were recorded at various concentrations (1.25, 2.5, 5,
and 10 mg.ml-1). The results show that secondary metabolites of U. longissima have
a significant insecticidal effect on adults of S. zeamais. The mortality rates after 96 h
of treatment with the maximum concentration (10 mg.ml-1) of diffractaic acid and
usnic acid were determined as 96.97 and 76.77 % for adults of S. zeamais, respectively.
However, there was no mortality in the controls of each lichen secondary metabolites.
Bioassays with diffractaic acid and usnic acid revealed that the 96 h median lethal
concentration (LC50) values were 2.657 and 4.001 mg.ml-1 for adults of S. zeamais,
respectively. The present results suggest that the lichen secondary metabolites provide
an excellent potential for control adults of S. zeamais.
Keywords: Lichens, insecticidal effect, biological control
228
P.L.06.
SEASONAL DYNAMICS OF ENZYMATIC AND NONENZYMATIC COMPONENTS OF ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM
IN SALVIA OFFICINALIS L.
Dragoljub L. Miladinović1, Budimir S. Ilić1, Nikola D. Nikolić2, Violeta N.
Milosavljević3, Marija S. Marković4
1
Laboratory for Geochemistry, Cosmochemistry and Astrochemistry, University of Niš, 18000
Niš, Serbia 3Elementary school “D. Maksimović”, 18000 Čokot, Serbia. 4Faculty of Science and
Mathematics, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
2
Salvia officinalis L. is a perennial woody subshrub, native to the Mediterranean region.
Sage is one of the most popular medicinal and culinary herbs. Many studies have been
focused on various biological activities of S. officinalis secondary metabolites.1 The
Sićevo gorge in the south-east Serbia is an important natural habitat of S. officinalis
in the continental part of the Balkan Peninsula.2 Environmental stress, as well as
developmental processes induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)
in a plant.3 Being involved in the ROS metabolism, antioxidant enzymes and nonenzymatic molecules may take an important part in the plants strategies of tolerance,
allowing survival in their habitats.4 In this work we studied antioxidant ability of
leaves of S. officinalis during active vegetation period, in order to investigate activities
of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol
peroxidase (GPx), quantities of malonyldialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species
(ROS), superoxide (O2• -) and hydroxyl radicals (• OH), reduced glutathione (GSH)
and content of total flavonoids, chlorophylls a and b, carotenoids and soluble proteins.
The highest catalase and peroxidase activities were in summer, while superoxide
dismutase peaked in autumn. Total protein, flavonoid and photosynthetic pigments
contents were significantly higher in the summer than in other seasons. Determined
levels of reactive oxygen species in leaves are not able to damage cell structures. The
sage from Serbia is successfully adapted to living conditions.
Keywords: Salvia officinalis, Antioxidant activity, Enzymes, Total flavonoids
Acknowledgements: The research was partially supported by the Serbian Ministry of
References:
1. Armatu, A. et al. (2010) Rom. Biotech. Lett. 15: 5274-5280. 2. Diklić, N. (1974) Flora of SR Serbia.
Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts. Belgrade, Serbia. 3. . Jaleel, C.A. et al. (2009) Acta Physiol. Plant.
31: 427-436. 4. Hashida, S. et al. (2009) Ann. Bot. – London 103: 819-824.
229
P.L.07.
ANTIOXIDANT PROFILE OF Astragalus onobrychis L.
subsp. chlorocarpus (Griseb.) S. Kozuharov et D.K.
Pavlova
Dragoljub L. Miladinović1, Budimir S. Ilić1, Nikola D. Nikolić2, Dejan M.
Nikolić3, Marija S. Ilić4
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia.
Laboratory for Geochemistry, Cosmochemistry and Astrochemistry, University of Niš, 18000
Niš, Serbia. 3Department of Sanitary Chemistry, Institute of Public Health, 18000 Niš, Serbia
4
Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Department of Chemistry, University of Niš, 18000
Niš, Serbia
1
2
Astragalus L. (Fabaceae) is generally considered the largest genus of vascular plants
with an estimated number of 2500−3000 species.1 Many species of Astragalus are
used to restore overgrazed range, control erosion and provide useful sources for
producing important drugs.2 The high light intensity, high temperature and the
temperature difference between night and day, as well as developmental processes
induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a plant.3 Being involved
in the ROS metabolism, antioxidant enzymes and non-enzymatic molecules may
take an important part in the plants strategies of tolerance, allowing survival in
their habitats.4 In this work, we studied antioxidant ability of leaves of Astragalus
onobrychis L. subsp. chlorocarpus (Griseb.) S. Kozuharov et D.K. Pavlova during
active vegetation period, in order to investigate activities of antioxidant enzymes:
superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPx), quantities
of malonyldialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide (O2• -) and
hydroxyl radicals (• OH), reduced glutathione (GSH) and content of total flavonoids,
chlorophylls a and b, carotenoids and soluble proteins. The highest catalase and
peroxidase activities were in summer, while superoxide dismutase peaked in autumn.
The investigated non-enzymatic antioxidant compounds exhibit the highest contents
in blooming stage of vegetation.
Keywords: Astragalus onobrychis, Antioxidant activity, Enzymes
References:
1. Podlech, D. (1986) Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 89: 37-43. 2. Ebrehimzaden, H. et al. (1999) Biochem.
Syst. Ecol. 27: 743-751. 3. Jaleel, C.A. et al. (2009) Acta Physiol. Plant. 31: 427-436. 4. Hashida, S. et al.
(2009) Ann. Bot. – London 103: 819-824.
230
P.L.08.
ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDATIVE PROPERTIES OF
POTENTIAL UROANTISEPTIC MEDICINAL PLANTS
Ivan Kosalec1, Marijana Zovko Končić2
1 Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Microbiology, Zagreb, Croatia; 2
Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacognosy, Zagreb, Croatia
Treatment of minor microbial infections of lower urogenital tract are often
complementary, with patients using prescribed antibiotics along with traditional
herbal medicinal products. Those products may act as uroantiseptic and/or as
diuretic. Our recent study has demonstrated the efficiency of several traditionally
used herbal uroantiseptics on uropathogenic bacteria (1). In the present study a
further research on herbal extracts with record of ethnopharmacological use for
treatment for urinary tract infections use was performed. In addition, antioxidant
activity, which may conribute to antiinflammatory processes in organism, was also
assessed. Antmicrobial activity of ethanolic extracts of leaves of Ribes nigrum and
Arbutus unedo, as well as extracts of fruits of Vaccinum myrtillus and V. vitis-idaea
was evaluated the in vitro. The study was performed using micro-broth dilution
assay according to the CLSI recommendations M07-A8 and M27-A3 on fresh
clinical isolates of bacteria and yeasts. The following microbial strains were used:
E. coli UPEC, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MDR, Entorococcus faecalis MDR, Klebsiella
pneumoniae ESBL, Proteus mirabilis and Candida albicans. Antioxidant activities of
the extracts were determined by three different test systems, namely DPPH radical
scavenging activity, reducing power and β-carotene/linoleic acid assay. Even though
fruits of Vaccinum species are considered as potent uroantiseptics, extracts of fruits
were ineffective against uropathogens in present study. This is in accordance with
results of a recent clinical study where cranberry juice failed to prevent recurrent
urinary tract infection. Extracts prepared from leaves of R. nigrum and A. unedo, on
the other hand, were active against all the microbes tested, with MIC values equal or
lower than 6.25 mg/mL. The latter two extracts were also potent antioxidants than
the fruit extracts. The results presented in this study confirm the validity of use of of
R. nigrum and A. unedo in treatment of urinary infections.
Keywords: arbutin, antioxidant properties, antimicrobial properties
Referencs:
1.Kosalec, I. et al. (2007) Comparison of antimicrobial activity of traditionally used herbal uroantiseptics
against clinical isolates of uro-genital pathogens. Planta Med 73: 888. 2. Barbosa-Cesnik C, Brown MB,
Buxton M, Zhang L, DeBusscher J, Foxman B. (2011) Clin Infect Dis. 52:23-30.
231
P.L.09.
EVALUATION OF THE TOXICITY AND THE ERGOGENIC
ACTION OF A BEVERAGE MADE FROM ROOTS OF Mondia
whitei
Mibo’o P1, Pieme C.A2, Wouassi D1, Ama M.V 2, Njinkio N.B.LG1,
Hamadou A1, Boubakari D1, Olomo M.B1, Wandji D1, Menyana
N1, Happy T.F.L1, Douga M.F1, Moukete M.B1, Dimo4 T Tanya A.K.N 2,
Mbofung C.M.F3, Ngogang J2
Laboratory of the National Institute of Youth and Sports Yaounde, Cameroon; 2Faculty of
Medecine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Cameroon; 3Departement of Food
Sciences and Nutrition in National High Scool of Agro-industrial Sciences of Ngaoundere
University, Ngaoundere, Cameroon, 4 Faculty of Sciences of the University of Yaoundé 1 ,
Yaoundé Cameroon
1
Physical activities need energy in order to avoid fatigue which is a source of counterperformance. The promotion of safety and healthy sporting without doping in
developing countries .may use our traditional knowledge. M. whitea is known to be
an ergegonic spice used in Cameroon The aim of our study was to formulate a drink
from roots of M; whitei, with composition similar to a standard commercial drink
,to evaluate its toxicity and its ergegonic properties in rats..
Root barks were extracted with distilled water during 72 hours Dried powder was
obtained after an overnight incubation at +100 °C in an oven The powder was
reconstitute at the concentration of 400mg/Kg Adjustment with carbohydrate
and NaCL was done in respect of the international norms to solve the problem of
hydration and energy intake. The physico-chemistry (water content and dry matter)
and nutritional properties (carbohydrate, lipids and protein) were evaluated using
standard methods.. Evaluation of the acute and sub acute toxicity was performed
according OECD technics. The ergogenic test was done using the rotative rod
standard method.
This drink contained the four essential elements recommended in a sporting beverage:
97.53 % of water ; 4.04 ±0..6 g/dl of carbohydrate; 80.5 ± 0.21 mg/dl of sodium and a
caloric value of 29.30 ± 0, 21 Kcal /dl. Acute toxicity test showed no major changes
related to treatment .The DL 50 was above 5000 mg/Kg, showing that the drink is
not toxic. After 08 weeks of consumption of the drink by the rats their performance
was higher than that of the control group
The beverage made with the roots of M. whitei is ergogenic and is not toxic
Keywords: Mondia whitei, Drink, Toxicity, Ergogenic properties
232
P.L.10.
Evaluation of cytotoxic and genotoxic
potential of Asplenium scolopendrium L. leaf
extracts
1
Una Glamočlija1, Sanin Haverić2, Jasmina Čakar2, Adaleta Durmić2,
Anja Haverić2, Kasim Bajrović2
Hercegovinalijek d.o.o., Mostar Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2Institute for genetic engineering and
biotechnology, Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina
Asplenium scolopendrum L. Aspleniaceae is a fern, which has been used for centuries in
ethnopharmacology. Most important uses are as a diuretic and astringent, for wound
healing (1, 2), for pulmonary diseases (2, 3, 4, 5), troubles related with liver and spleen
(2, 6, 7) and to stop bleeding gums (7). Infusum of A. scolopendrium L. frond is still used
in folk medicine, so it was very important to evaluate cytotoxic and genotoxic potential
of this extract. Fronds of A. scolopendrium L. were collected in September, 2008. on
location Ribići, near Konjic, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Voucher specimen (No. 51409)
was deposited at the herbarium of National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Extracts of A. scolopendrium L. fronds were tested for their cytotoxic and genotoxic
potential using in vitro cytokinesis block micronucleus assay on human lymphocytes
(blood samples from four persons were used). Vacuum dried extracts were dissolved in
distilled water in three final concentrations (70 mg/ml, 7 mg/ml and 0,7 mg/ml). For
every concentration and negative control frequency of micronuclei was counted on
2000 binuclear cells on two microscopic slides for one blood sample (total amount of
8000 cells). Frequency of apoptotic cells, necrotic cells, NPM (nucleoplasmatic bridges)
and NDI (nuclear division index) was counted on 1000 cells on two microscopic
slides for one blood sample (total amount of 4000 cells). It was found that there was
no statistically significant difference between frequency of micronuclei, apoptotic and
necrotic cells in negative control
and tested concentrations of
extracts. Furthermore, there was
no significant difference in the
number of NPM between negative
control and tested concentrations
of extracts. Extracts showed weak
cytotoxic potential because NDI
value decreased with increasing
concentration
of
extracts,
but there was no statistical
significance when compared to
negative control (p=0,055).
233
Keywords: Cytotoxic, Genotoxic, Asplenium scolopendrium
Acknowledgements: Institute for genetic engineering and biotechnology in Sarajevo,
Bosnalijek d.o.o.
References:
1.Tucakov J (1990) Lečenje biljem. Rad. Beograd. 2. Duke J.A. et al. (2002) Handbook of Medical Herbs.
CRC PRESS. Boca Raton, Florida. 3. Tanović N., Saličnović A. (2006) Atlas ljekovitog bilja i gljiva Bosne
i Hercegovine. Bemust. Sarajevo. 4. Pieroni,A. et al. (2005) Fitoterapia 76: 379-99. 5. Tita, I. et al. (2009)
Farmacia 57: 141-56. 6.Joerg Gruenwald et al. (2000) Physicians desk reference for herbal Medicines.
Medical Economics Co. Montvale. 7. Deschauer T (1945) Illustrated phytotherapy, Book one. Thos.
Deschauer Publications. Maywood Ill.
P.L.11.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM
SATUREJA MONTANA L. AGAINST CLINICAL ISOLATES OF
PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA
Sabina Memišević 1, Anesa Jerković-Mujkić 1, Renata Bešta1
University of Sarajevo, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71
1
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen and usually causes nosocomial
infections. Cases of resistance of this bacterium to antibiotics are in the increase.
One of the solutions to this medical problem is use of essential oils which have been
recognized to have considerable antibacterial effects.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial acitivity of essential oil from
Satureja montana L. against clinical isolates and reference strain of P. aeruginosa
ATCC 27853. Essential oil was obtained by a commercial source (Oshadhi, Germany)
and the GC/MS analysis identified carvacol (55,21%) and thymol (5,88%) as main
constituents. In vitro antimicrobial activity of essential oil against P. aeruginosa was
tested by disk diffusion method.
The essential oil of Satureja montana L. expressed significant inhibitory effects on
P. aeruginosa isolates with rates of inhibitory zones ranging from 11-30mm, and
average value of inhibitory zones of 22mm.
These promising results suggest the potential use of Satureja montana L. essential oil
as an alternative agent in future treatment of P. aeruginosa infections.
Keywords: essential oil, Satureja montana L., antibacterial activity, P. aeruginosa
234
P.L.12.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIMICROBIAL
ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF HELICHRYSUM ITALICUM
(ASTERACEAE)
Ksenija Mileski1, Ana Dzamic1, Mihailo Ristic2, Ana Ciric3, Marina
Sokovic3, Petar D. Marin1
Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”, University of Belgrade-Faculty of
Biology, Belgrade, Serbia 2Institute for Medicinal Plant Research “Dr Josif Pancic”, Belgrade,
3
Institute for Biological research “Sinisa Stankovic”, Belgrade
1
Helichrysum species are used widely to treat various medical conditions. The aim
of the present study was to investigate the chemical composition, antibacterial and
antifungal activities of the essential oil of Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don fil.
growing in Croatia. The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from dried
aerial parts of plant in flowering stage was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The yield
of essential oil was 0.167 (v/v) and it was characterized by the predominance of
oxygenated compounds. Eighty seven constituents were found, representing 95.87%
of the total oil. The main components were neryl-acetate (20.44%), γ-curcumene
(14.08%), trans-α-bergamotene (6.99%), α-pinene (4.28%) and selin-11-en-4 α-ol
(3.58%). The antimicrobial activity of H. italicum essential oil was evaluated in
comparison with bifonazol, ketoconazole and streptomycin as standards, against six
bacterial and eight fungal strains by the microdilution method. Minimal inhibitory
concentrations (MIC) of tested oil were between 1.5-25 µl/ml. The most resistant
strains were Trichoderma viride, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes.
Essential oil of H. italicum has a stronger activity than bifonazol and streptomycin.
This research suggests the potential use of this oil as natural antimicrobial agent.
Keywords: Helichrysum italicum; essential oil composition; antimicrobial;
antimicrobial
Acknowledgements: The authors are grateful to the Ministry of Education and Science of the
Republic of Serbia for financial support (Grant No. 173029.
References:
1. Hanel H. et al. (1988) Mycoses 31:148-154. 2. Adams P. R. (2007) Identification of Essential Oil
Components by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy. Allured Publishing Corporation. 3. Carol
Stream, Illinois, USA. 4. 3. Daouk K. D. et al. (1995) J. Food Prot. 58:1147-1149.
235
P.L.13.
Genotoxicity of Cynoglossum species extractS
from Bosnia (W. Balkan)
1
Amira Redžić1, Anesa ZAIMOVIĆ MOYER ²
Department of Biology and Human Genetics of Medical Faculty University, 90 Cekalusa
St., 71 000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. 2 University Vitez in Travnik, Travnik,
Correspondig author: [email protected]
The species of Cynogloossum genus (Boraginaceae) have always been used in
traditional medicine in Western Balkans [1]. The young shoots in some regions are
used for nutritional purposes [2]. A large number of medicinal plants of the family
Boraginaceae contains pyrolizidine alkaloids and show genotoxic effects [3]. It is to
be expected that a similar action of species Cynoglossum would be discovered.
The samples of Cynoglossum officinale were taken for the analysis from five different
localities in Bosnia during 2008, and they consisted of extracts of fresh aerial parts of
plants at concentrations of 0.5% and 1%. The genotoxicity was performed by Alliumtest - the meristems cells of Allium cepa L. Prepared bulbs with developed roots
were placed in test tubes, with each concentration consisting of 10 specimens. The
extract in selected concentrations was applied onto the specimens, after which the
effect of treatment onto the extract was observed following 24 and 48 hours at room
temperature. This was followed by removal of the roots and microscopic preparation.
Ten preparations for each concentration and five for control were examined, with
special emphasis placed on determining the mitotic index (number of cells in division
at 1000 cells observed), the frequency of certain phases of mitosis, the frequency
of chromosome aberrations and disturbances in the meiotic spindle. The analysis
examined 10 x 1000 cells.
It was found that extract of Cynoglossum does have an effect on mitotic activity and
on other investigated parameters. Index mitosis after 48 hours was 3.5 (conc. 0.5%)
and 2.7 (conc. 1%); and 4.8 in control exctracts, with the most cells found in prophase
and the least in anaphase. Both concentrations of the extract caused chromosome
aberrations. There were C-mitosis, anaphase abnormalities, irregular metaphase and
a few cells with two nuclei, with more intense effects in 1% concentration. Based
on this research we can furrther discuss citostatic and genotoxic effects of exracts
Cynoglossum officinale species
Keywords: biodiversity, citostatic activity, medicinal plants, pyrolizidine alkaloids
References:
1. Redzic, S.S.( 2007) Coll Antropol 31, 869-890. 2. Redzic, SJ. (2006) Ecol Food & Nutr 45, 3,189232. 3. Redzic, A. et al. (2009): Planta Med 75, 987-987.
236
P.L.14.
Assessment of the antibacterial activity of
ethyl-acetate extracts of the plants from the
Lamiaceae family
Aleksandra Stanojković1, Jelena Ceković2, Ljiljana Čomić2, Radmila
Pivić1, Aleksandar Stanojković3
Institute of Soil Science, Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected]; 2 Faculty of Science,
University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia; 3 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of
Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
1
The propitious geographic position of Serbia, along with its heterogeneous relief
with many productive river valleys, plane lowlands, mountain slopes, as well as the
diversity of soil types, are responsible for the heterogeneousness of the Serbian flora.
For that reason, the use of medical plants as a therapeutic expedient has, considerably,
rich and very long tradition in Serbia.
The permanent need for searching the new chemical structures which show the effect
on microorganisms provoked, in every part of the world, extensive investigations of
the plant extracts.
In this study antibacterial activity of the ethyl-acetate extracts of the following
aromatic plants from the family Lamiaceae was studied: Lavandula officinalis L.,
Melissa officinalis L., Mentha piperita L., Mentha pulegium L., Ocimum basilicum L.,
Origanum vulgare L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Salvia officinalis L., Satureia montana
L., Teucrium montanum L., Thymus serpyllum L., Thymus vulgaris L. The tested
extracts of the plants were made in the process of extraction, filtration and evaporation
in vacuum. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was tested in relation to eight
bacterial species: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Bacillus subtilis, Erwinia carotovora,
Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Sarcina lutea and
Staphylococcus aureus. The effect on bacteria was determined by filter disc diffusion
method. The extracts were tested at the concentration of 5, 10 and 15 mg/disc. A
commercial antibiotic dovicin (Galenika a.d., Belgrade) was used as a control.
237
The results obtained showed that the least active showed the extracts of M. pulegium,
O. basilicum, O. vulgare and T. montanum. As the most susceptible bacteria showed
A. tumefaciens, P. aeruginosa and P. fluorescens, and as the most resisting - E. coli.
The most active were the extracts of M. officinalis, M. piperita, R. officinalis and S.
officinalis, which noticeably inhibited most of the tested bacteria. Thus, it can be
concluded that the tested extracts of these plants could be used for preparation of the
natural antibiotic agents.
Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Lamiaceae, ethyl-acetate extracts, antibiotic agents
Acknowledgements: Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia, Prof. dr
Slavica Solujić, Prof. dr Dragana Muratspahić.
References:
1. Kišgeci J. (2002) Medicinal plants. Partenon, Belgrade. 2. Mirković, B. et al. (1999) Matières
Médicales 19:37-42.
3. Verpoorte, R. et al. (1983) J Ethnopharmacology 8:287-302.
238
P.L.15.
ASSesSing essential oils food protection
by chemometric analysis of antibacterial
activity
Budimir S. Ilić1, Dragoljub L. Miladinović1, Tatjana M. MihajilovKrstev2, Dejan M. Nikolić3, Marija S. Marković2
Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Niš, 18000
Niš, Serbia 3Department of Sanitary Chemistry, Institute of Public Health, 18000 Niš, Serbia
1
2
Many food products are perishable by nature and require protection from spoilage
during their preparation, storage and distribution to give them desired shelf-life. Recent
studies have highlighted the use of essential oils as effective additives for food safety
and preservation against microorganisms spoiling the food or making it unsafe.1,2 The
aim of the study was to provide information about the similar antibacterial activity of
plants essential oil, using the combined micro-broth dilution method and a multivariate
statistical analysis. Antibacterial activity was researched for Thymus vulgaris L.,
Lavandula angustifolia L. and Calamintha nepeta L. The antibacterial activity of
researched plants essential oil expressed as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were examined for ten different types
of bacteria: (1) P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853; (2) P. aeruginosa; (3) S. enteritidis ATCC 13076;
(4) S. enteritidis; (5) S. aureus ATCC 29213; (6) S. aureus; (7) B. cereus ATCC 10876; (8) B.
cereus; (9) E. coli ATCC 13706; (10) E. coli. For chemometric study of the system, essential
oils-bacteria, we use two different methods: principal component analysis (PCA) and
hierarchical clustering using the SPSS Statistics. For essential oils (as scores) and bacteria
(as variable), we used full sized PC model, with cross validation method centering data at
first principal component. The score and correlation loading plots of PC model showed a
similar influence of MIC and MBC values of tested bacteria for classification of examined
essential oils. PCA analysis revealed that essential oil of T. vulgaris and L. angustifolia in
contrast to C. nepeta are similar and have strong effect against S. enteritidis and B. cereus.
The similar effect was also shown for S. aureus, S. enteritidis ATCC 13076, S. aureus
ATCC 29213 and P. aeruginosa (Figure 1). PCA model showed that other tested bacteria
have same influence at all essential oils and that are not relevant for their variance. The
similarity between essential oils of T. vulgaris and L. angustifolia was also confirmed
by hierarchical cluster analysis using between groups-linkage as cluster method and
euclidean distance as a measure (Figure 2).
Keywords: Chemometrics, Antibacterial activity, Essential oils
239
References:
1. Burt, S. (2004) Int. J. Food Microbiol. 94: 223-253. 2. Fisher, K., Phillips, C.A. (2006) J. Appl. Microbiol. 101:
1232-1240.
P.L.16.
INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF
Tagetes minuta, T. terniflora, T. zipaquirensis ON Drosophila
melanogaster, Prepnotipex vorax, Brevicoryne brassicae.
Játiva C.,Cofre C., Baldeón X., Yumi N.,
Biochemestry and Farmacy School. Agronomy, Biology and Pharmacognosy laboratories.
Escuela superior Politécnica de Chimborazo Riobamba-Ecuador-Sudamérica
The essential oil of the aerial parts of Tagetes minuta (T1), Tagetes terniflora(T2)
and Tagetes Zipaquirensis(T3). was obtained from steam distillation. Tagetes
terniflora(T2), Tagetes minuta and,Tagetes Zipaquirensis were investigated by their
phenotypic properties and thin layer chromatography (TLC) using silica gel and
toluene ethyl acetate. Ethanolic extract from the bodies of Brevicoryne brassicae, and
Premnotipex vorax after contact against t Tagetes minuta (T1), Tagetes terniflora(T2)
and Tagetes Zipaquirensis(T3), separetely, was investigated by TLC showing that
the essential oil was inside the bodies. Tagetes minuta was investigated also by
GLC. The main components of the Tagetes minuta essential oil were eucalyptol,
of trans ocimene, 2,2 dimethyl from isopropánole acid , pentyl ester cycle, de trans
tagetona(74%). The essential oils from Tagetes minuta (T1), Tagetes terniflora(T2)
and Tagetes Zipaquirensis(T3)each one showed pronounced contact toxicity against
adults Drosophila melanogaster, Brevicoryne brassicae, and Premnotipex vorax.A
commercial insecticide (campex) was tested against the insects and we found that its
activiy was similar to the essential oils. Tagetes minuta (T1), Tagetes terniflora(T2)
and Tagetes Zipaquirensis(T3).have insecticidal effect on Drosophila melanogaster,
Brevicoryne brassicae, and Premnotipex vorax. Essential oils are environmentally
friendly and can replace successfully to commercial insecticide.
Keywords: Medicinal plants, insecticide, Tagetes, Drosophylla
240
P.L.17.
In vitro cytotoxic activity of Alnus incana
extracts
Sabina Dahija1, Sanin Haverić2, Milka Maksimović3, Danijela Vidic3,
Adisa Parić1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71
000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; 2 Institute for genetic engineering and biotechnology,
Gajev trg 4, 71 000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; 3 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of
Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71 000 Sarajevo,
1
Cancer is one of the most prominent human diseases which has stimulated scientific
and commercial interest in the discovery of new anticancer agents from natural
sources. Water extracts obtained from dry leaves and bark of A. incana in final
concentrations of 15 and 30 ml/ml were subjected for cytotoxic study in human
fibroblast cultures. The cell viability was carried out by Trypan blue dye exclusion
method. The highest percent of cell viability was observed using water leaf extracts
of A. incana (93,47%). The results indicated that the water extracts of leaf and bark
of A. incana in tested concentrations were not cytotoxic to human fibroblasts. This
study supports the use of this plant in the treatment of different diseases in traditional
medicine and also suggest the possibility of isolating anticancer agents from Alnus
incana.
Keywords: Alnus incana, cytotoxic activity, Trypan blue exclusion method
241
SESSION M
NUTRACEUTICALS AND DIETARY
SUPPLEMENTS
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
PLENARY LECTURE
PL. M.1.
INVESTIGATIONS ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION,
NUTRITIVE AND BIOLOGICAL VALUE OF THE EDIBLE
MUSHROOMS FROM MACEDONIA
Biljana Bauer Petrovska
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of SS Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
Nutritionally important components were determined with various contemporary
nutritients analyses in 53 kinds of cultivated or edible mushroom species from
Macedonian areas. Macedonian mushrooms contained relatively high total protein
content (av. 30.1 % dry basis) and were low in fats (av. 5.1 %, dry mass). 100 g dry
mushrooms comprised low energetic value of 1646.5 kJ on the average. The contents
of minerals showed great variation (4.3-17.9 % dry mass) in agreement with literature
data. Macedonian mushrooms contained relatively high total dietary fibre content (av.
5.9 % dry mass). Elemental (C, H, N) content of the TDF isolates, obtained according
to two parallel applied methods was very constant. The infrared spectras of the both
TDF isolates were closed to chitin. The abundance of protein fraction expressed in
an average values of all fifty three investigated mushroom samples calculated as a
percentage of total nitrogens was in the following order: albumins (24.8 %), globins
(12.1 %), glutelins (11.5 %), glutelins like (7.4 %), prolamins (5.7 %), prolamins like
(5.3 %). Greater proportions of albumins and globulins at the expense of glutelins and
prolamins increased the nutritive value of the proteins in the Macedonia mushrooms.
The presence of great amount of residual non-protein nitrogen (av. 33.3 %) in all the
investigated samples gave for Macedonian edible mushrooms, protein converting
factor of 4.16 %. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that proteins of the investigated
mushroom samples greatly differ in their electrophoregical profiles although some
similarities could be noticed between the mushrooms from the same family. Different
amino acid patterns were found in all samples studied. Cysteine, threonine, aspartic
acid were the most abundant protein constituent amino acids. Essential amino acids
made 37-75 % of all amino acids. Lysine was the most often found limiting amino
acid in the investigated mushroom samples. The biological value of the mushroom
proteins varied from 51.3 to 90.4 %. The nutritional value of proteins calculated by
biological, value, protein ratio, chemical score and essential amino acid index was
very high in the majority of the mushroom studied.
245
Keywords: edible mushrooms, proteins, amino acid content, dietary fibre, biological
value
Acknowledgements: Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, Karadelev M.
References:
1. Bauer Petrovska, B. (2001) European Food Research and Technology; 212 (4): 469-472. 2. Bauer
Petrovska, B. (2001) European Food Research and Technology; 212 (4): 469-472. 3. Bauer Petrovska, B.,
et al. . (2002) Nahrung 2002; 46 (4): 238-239.
SESSION LECTURES
SL.M.01.
PURSLANE (Portulaca oleracea L.): AN IMPORTANT WILD
EDIBLE WEED USES FOR MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC
PURPOSES
Irfan Coruh1, Sezai Ercisli2
Ataturk University Agricultural Faculty Department of Plant Protection 25240 ErzurumTurkey, 2Ataturk University Agricultural Faculty Department of Plant Protection 25240
Erzurum-Turkey,
1
Portulaca oleracea L., commonly known as purslane, is an herbaceous weed. The plant
growing wild and/or cultivated in much of the world. It is listed in the World Health
Organization as one of the most used medicinal plants and it has been given the term
‘Global Panacea’. It is also eighth most commonly distributed plant in the world and eaten
both fresh and dry in many parts of the world, including Turkey. Purslane leaves is very
low in cholesterol. It is also a good source of Thiamin, Niacin, Vitamin B6 and Folate,
and a very good source of Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Riboflavin, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium,
Phosphorus, Potassium, Copper and Manganese. One of the things everybody talks about
is the fact that Portulaca oleracea has more omega-3 fatty acids than any other leafy plant
known on earth. The leaves, stems, flowers, and seeds of the purslane plant are all edible.
Most of the people eaten the stems and leaves of the plant. They have a slightly sour
edge (not as strong as wood sorrel) and a hint of a mucilaginous quality (not as strong as
mallows). Purslane is terrific as part of a salad. Purslane is regarded as a cooling herb and
is suggested for help with fevers and inflammatory conditions. Some recommended it for
skin problems, similar to the use of aloe vera. In this study, biological properties of this
unique plant will be given during presentation.
Keywords: Purslane, antimicrobial effect, antioxidants, fatty acids
246
SL.M.02.
EFFECT OF SOWING DATE AND PLANT DENSITY
ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF COMMON
PURSlANE (PROTULACA OLERACEA L.)
Hamed Javadi
Payame Noor University, Birjand, Iran
Corresponding author: h_ [email protected]
In order to study of sowing date and plant density effect on yield and yield components
of common purslane an experiment was conducted in spring 2009 at Azad University
of Birjand, Iran. The experiment was done as split plot based on compeletely
randomized block design with 3 replication. In this study 4 sowing date including (4,
21 April, 5 and 20 May) were used as main plot and 3 levels of plant density including
(5.5, 8.3 and 16.6 plant/m2) as sub plot. In this research triats such as number of
capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, 1000 seed weight and grain yield
were studied. The results showed that effect of harvest was significant on number of
capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule and grain yield and all of triats were
high in second harvest. Effect of sowing date were significant about all of traits. Late
planting caused to decrease of traits such as number of capsules per plant, number
of seeds per capsule and 1000 seed weight. Effect plant density were significant on
number of seeds per capsule and grain yield as increase of density caused to decreased
of seeds number per capsule and increased of grain yield. Interaction between sowing
date and plant density was significant on number of capsules per plant and grain yield.
Total grain yield was not affected by sowing date. Plant density had significant effect
on total grain yield. As increase of plant density caused to 68.64% increment of total
grain yield. Interaction between sowing date and plant density was not significant on
total grain yield. According to results of this experiment sowing date of 4 April and
density of 16.6 plant/ m2 is optimum for obtain of high yield for common purslane.
Keywords: Common purslane, Sowing date, Plant density, Yield and its
components.
References:
1. liu, L. et al. (2000) J of Chromatography. 893: 207- 213. 2. Simopoulos, A. P. et al. (1992) J. Am. Coll.
Nutr. 11: 374- 382. 3. Yazici,I. et al. (2007) Enviro and Exper Botany. 61: 49-57.
247
P.M.01.
EVALUATION OF NUTRITIVE AND MEDICINAL VALUES
OF THE FETUS AND OTHER PLANT PARTS OF WILD
CHERRY (Prunus avium L.) FROM TUZLA AREAS
Sead Noćajević, Džemail Ferhatović, Midhat Jašić, Ramzija Cvrk,
Mensur Noćajević TUZLA UNIVERSITY, 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) fruit is healthy, which are fruits and other plant parts
under-exploited by man. It has a significant nutritional and medical potential, which
can be used much more for the man. This paper seeks to emphasize score nutritional
and medicinal values of fruits and other plant parts of wild cherry (Prunus avium)
from the Tuzla area. Because of the wealth of nutrients and moderate amounts of
calories (32 kcal / 100 g), is an excellent choice for those who keep an eye on their
weight and want to live a healthy life. The fruit is rich in phytochemicals which act
against free radicals. Botanical research in the Bosnian area indicate that the treatment
and prevention of metabolic disease (diabetes) using products from wild cherry
(because of the quality of sugar levulose), wild apple and pear. Healing properties
of wild cherry is reflected in the strengthening of organisms, enhances the work of
organs for digestion (not irritate and is not puffed stomach and intestines), refreshed
after exhaustion. Cherry fruits are mainly used for table consumption, to a lesser
extent the processing industry in the household or in sweet, jams, fruit salads, juices.
Strained juice of the fresh wild fruits is a natural multi-vitamin drink high value. Like
the mix of juice and honey that can be used for inflammation of respiratory tract.
Since ancient times, there is evidence of diet-therapeutic and pharmacological able
Prunus avium, and the ethno-medecine for making tea using pedicle (diuretic) and
fruits (for rheumatism). Hopefully it will be the first to exploit more seasonal fruits
for both preventive as well as for medicinal purposes.
Keywords: nutritive value, medicinal value, wild cherry, fruit, Tuzla area
248
SESSION N
HONEY AND HONEY PLANTS
ORAL PRESENTATION
SESSION LECTURE
SL.N.01.
AN OVERVIEW OF THE POLLEN SPECTRUM IN TURKISH
HONEY SAMPLES
Rıza Dalgic*, Ernaz Altundag**, Aykut Guvensen***, Munir Ozturk***
*Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkiye
**Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Duzce University, Duzce,Turkiye
**Botany Department, Science Faculty, Ege University, Iznir, Turkiye/Turkey
Honey is one of the oldest known medicines used even today in folk medicine. It
has been used in the treatment of wounds, burns, ulcers and also in the prevention
of infection. The major antimicrobial factors determined in the honey are osmotic
effect, acidity, hydrogen peroxide and plant-derived substances such as flavonoids.
The total amount of pollens in the honey is one of the criteria for the selection of
real honey, because the quality is correlated with the plants visited by bees.Turkiye is
exporting honey to many countries therefore this paper presents an overview of the
pollen spectrum of honey samples in Turkiye.
The nectar concentration of Lamiaceae, Fabaceae, Boraginaceae and Rosaceae taxa
in Turkey varies between 15-55 percent. In Izmir, Sivas, Afyon and Mugla pollen
spectrum is dominated by Chenopodiaceae/ Amaranthaceae, Trifolium spp.,
Trigonella spp., Zea mays, Anthemis spp. and Cyperaceae. These samples are more
effective in the antibacterial action against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Morganella morganii, Micrococcus
luteus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans as compared to antibiotics. In 94 central
Anatolian honey samples pollens from Astragalus, Rubus, Lapsana communis,
Centaurea triumfetti, Heliotropium suaveolens, Brassica oleracea, Teucrium, Peganum
harmala, Lotus, Lamium amplexicaule, Xeranthemum, Vicia cracca, Achillea and
Hedysarum are dominating. In Bursa area main pollen taxa are Castanea sativa,
Daucus carota, Rosa spp., Trifolium spp. and Helianthus annuus. In Denizli province
dominant pollens come from Fabaceae, Castanea sativa, Lamiaceae, Apiaceae,
Cistaceae and Asteraceae; whereas in Manisa and Balıkesir area pollen from the taxa
Fabaceae, Brassicaceae, Cistaceae and Asteraceae are dominant. In the state of Izmir
dominating major pollen spectrum belongs to Castanea sativa, Papaver, Poaceae,
Vitex, Cistus, Ericaceae, Brassicaceae, Chenopodiaceae together with secondary and
minor concentrations of pollens from Tilia argentea, Eucalyptus, Helianthus annuus,
Daucus carota, Tribulus terrestris and Lamiaceae. The samples from West Taurus
251
region abound in Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Rubiaceae, Caryophyllaceae,
Lamiaceae and Scrophulariaceae. In the States of Mugla, Izmir, Aydin, Manisa, Usak,
Denizli and Canakkale dominant pollen are from Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Cistaceae,
Apiaceae, Fagaceae and Lamiaceae. Total protein, invert sugar,saccharaose, ash
and water content in these samples varies between 0.22-1.08, 52.6-90.6,1.14-8.05,
0.04-0.69 and 0.11-0.24 percent respectively. In the samples from East Anatolia
dominant pollens belong to Fabaceae, Lamiaceae and Asteraceae. These samples
show HMF: 2.2-17.3 mgr, invert suger: 62.5-90.9 %, saccharose: 19.6-5.90 %, total
protein: 1.2-1.7 %, water: 13.4-21.5 % and ash: 0.12-067 %. In the samples from
Konya dominating pollen comes from the taxa like Trifolium, Achillea, Euphorbia,
Marrubium, Helianthus annuus, Vicia, Lotus, Centaurea, Medicago, Papaver, Linum,
Cistus, Quercus and Faxinus. The pollen spectrum of Rize-İkizdere area is dominated
by Trifolium aureum, T. campestre, T. pratense, Lotus corniculatus, Castanea sativa
and Cynoglossum glochidiatum.
Keywords: Honey, Melissopalinology, Pollen, Chemical Characteristics
P.N.01.
Antioxidant properties of aqueous and
ethanolic extract of propolis and their
polyphenolic/flavonoid compaunds in
diabetes-induced oxidative stress
Nada Oršolić1, Domagoj Đikić1, Damir Sirovina1, Duje Lisičić1, Vesna
Benković1, Anica Horvat Knežević1, and Marijana Zovko Končić2,
Gordana Gregorović3
Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov
trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; 2University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry,
A. Kovačića 1, Croatia; 3Zoology Department Faculty of Science,University of Zagreb,
Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
1
Chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes leads to chronic oxidative stress in all tissues because
glucose in high concentrations forms reactive oxygen species.1 Therefore, antioxidant
properties of aqueous (AEP) and ethanolic (EEP) extract of propolis and several flavonoids
(quercetin, naringenin and chrysin) were investigated. Antioxidant activity in vitro
was established using several methods. In addition, lipid peroxidation in liver, kidney,
252
spleen, brain and plasma of mice with alloxan-induced diabetes was measured. Effects
of EEP, AEP and flavonoids on diabetic nephropathy and liver toxicity were examined
histopathologicalyExtracts and investigated flavonoids showed notable antioxidant
properties in vitro, quercetin and EEP were as effective DPPH radical scavengers as
butylated hidroxianisol (BHA), while chrisin was as efficient Fe2+ ion chelator as EDTA.
Furthermore, EEP and AEP inhibited heat induced b-carotene-linoleic acid degradation
as effectively as BHA. Antioxidant activity in vivo, did not entirely reflect the results
obtained in vitro. Contrary to considerable antioxidant properties in vitro, EEP increased
the level of lipid peroxidation in spleen and brain of mice. On the other hand some of the
investigated samples were able to inhibit lipid preoxidation in liver (quercetin, chrisin,
AEP and EEP), brain (naringenin, chrisin) and plasma (naringenin). Histopathological
observation of the liver sections of diabetic mice showed several lesions including
cellular vacuolization, cytoplasmic eosinophilia and lymphocyte infiltrations. Treatment
of diabetic mice with propolis extracts or flavonoids resulted in decreased degree of
vacuolization. These findings suggest that propolis treatment may be able to improve the
impairment of fatty acid metabolism in diabetes. Renal histology showed corpuscular,
tubular and interstitial changes in untreated diabetic mice. Test components did not
improve renal histopathology. It seems that antioxidant properties of propolis extracts
are not a result of action of one sole principle but rather interplay between several
constituents and mechanisms of action.
Keywords: propolis, diabetes
References:
[1] Robertson, Harmon, Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 2006, 41, 117–184.
P.N.02.
Effects of propolis components (naringenin,
quercetin, chrysin and caffeic acid) on serum
and liver lipids of mice on a high fat diet
Matko Cancer, 1Nikolina Hanzic, 2Irena Landeka, 3Dunja Rogic, 1Nada
Orsolic and 1Domagoj Dikic
1
Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Roosvetov Trg 6,
10000 Zagreb, 2 Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Croatia
3
Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; University of Zagreb,Croatia
1
Naringenin, quercetin, chrysin and caffeic acid are potent natural antioxidants and
active compounds of propolis. Lipids are a large group of biological compounds.
They are insoluble in water and therefore transferred in blood stream as lipoprotein
253
complexes. Lipoproteins are complexes of lipids and apolipoproteins. They are
classified according to size, density, and lipid - apolipoprotein ratio: chylomicrons,
very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), intermediate
density lipoproteins (IDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL). Large amounts of
LDL are not absorbed in the liver and consumed by macrophages, so they accumulate
in the blood stream causing oxidative stress and many pathological conditions. In this
study we examined the effects of active compounds of propolis on the composition
of serum and liver lipids in mice on high-fat diet. The antioxidants from propolis,
namely: naringenin, quercetin, chrysin and caffeic acid were given orally to mice at
dose of 50 mg/kg/bw every 48 h, for 30 days. At the end of the treatment serum total
triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, serum enzymes and metabolites (AST, ALT,
ALP i LDH), liver enzymes (MDH and CAT) and MDA product of lipid peroxidation
were measured. In our experiment we demonstrated that quercetin, chrysin and
caffeic acid have negative effects because they increase the “bad” and decrease “good”
cholesterol in serum, and show hepatotoxic effects. On the other hand, no negative
effect of naringenin were observed.
Keywords: HDL- cholesterol, LDL- cholesterol, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation,
propolis
P.N.03.
SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF SOME
FLAVONOIDS IN HONEY BY RP LC – DAD METHOD
Harun KurtagiĆ1, Sulejman Redzić2, Mustafa Đelilović1
Federal Institute of Agriculture Sarajevo, Butmirska cesta 40, 71 000 Sarajevo, BiH
2
Pfaculty of Science of the University, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
1
Flavonoids are the main bioactive constituents of many medicinal plants which are
based on their antioxidant activity and healing [1, 2]. Flavonoids are a large group
of natural compounds, which the bees through pollen and honeydew make the hive
and loaded into honey. The aim of this study is qualitative and quantitative analysis
flavonoids quercetin, naringenin and hesperetina in the samples from Bosnia and
Herzegovina ( BiH).
In the period from July to September 2010. were collected 12 samples of honeys
from BiH, from different botanical and geographical origin. Prepared samples were
extracted and analysed on liquid chromatography Agilent Technologies 1200, USA.
Analysis was performed on a column Eclipse XDB - C18 RP (4.6 MMX 250 mm, 5
μm particle diameter), mobile phase was acetonitrile / 5% aqueous solution of acetic
acid, gradient separation. Quercetin, naringenin, and hesperetin were quantified with
254
DAD detector following RP HPLC-separation at 370 nm for rutin and quercetin and
290 nm for naringenin and hesperetin on previosuly established calibration curve
ranging from 2.5 ppm to 100 ppm. The coefficient of direction on the calibration
curve was > 0.99 [4].
The results show the presence of significant amounts of flavonoids quercetin,
naringenin and hesperetina in BiH honeys (Table 1 and 2). Maximum concentrations
were found in the honey of Robinia pseudacacia L (43.28 mg / 100 g honey). Significant
amounts of naringenin was detected in all types of honey, and the highest among was
found in the honey of lime Tilia sp. (41.40 μg/100 g honey). Heperetin was detected
in all varieties of honey, but its average concentration of the lowest. In the honey
of acacia was found relatively high concentrations of hesperetin (50.12 mg / 100 g
honey). In the context of the results of this study can be concluded that BiH honeys
have significant amounts of quercetin, naringenin and hesperetina what makes them
powerful antioxidants[3].
Keywords: flavonoids, honey, quercetin, hesperetin, naringenin
References:
1. Pengpeng Yue1, et.al. (2010). J Med Plant Res. 4 (11): 1053-1058. 2. Suzan Zein Alabedeen Makawi,
et.al.(2009) E-J Chem. 6 (S1): S429-S437. 3. Kazazić SP. (2004) Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 55: 279-290. 4.
Officel Method 999.05, (2002) Naringenin and Hesperetin in Orange Juice, LC Method Firtst Action
1999, J. AOAC Int. 83: 1155.
P.N.04.
THE INFLUENCE OF PROPOLIS EXTRACTION
PARAMETERS ON ITS CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY
Marijana Zovko Končić1, Ivan Kosalec2, Mario Jug3
1 Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacognosy, Zagreb, Croatia;
2 Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Microbiology, Zagreb, Croatia; 3
Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Zagreb,
Croatia
Propolis is a mixture of large number of chemical constituents which contribute to
its numerous biological activities. For example, propolis shows immunostimulant,
antimutagenic, antimicrobial, antioxidative, anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor,
liver-, heart- and brain protective activities. More than 300 compounds have been
identified in propolis samples. Among them, phenolic compounds are considered to
be the main responsible compounds for antioxidant activity (1). Influence of propolis
extraction parameters on the content of extracted phenolic compounds (total phenols,
phenolic acids, flavonoids), as well as the correlation between the amount of polyphenols
255
in the extracts and their antioxidant activity was investigated. The extracts were prepared
using different extraction methods (ultrasonication or maceration), solvents (water,
40% or 80% aqueous etanol solution), temperature (25 °C or 50 °C) and pH (pH=3
or pH=7). Content of phenolic compounds were determined spectrophotometrically.
Antioxidant activities of the samples were determined by three different test systems,
namely DPPH radical scavenging activity, β-carotene/linoleic acid assay and chelating
activity. The results were compared using one-way ANOVA (P < 0.05). The conducted
assays have shown that the solvent used for extraction had the greatest influence on
the amount of obtained phenols. Temperature and pH, on the other hand, influenced
only extraction by maceration. There was no clear connection between the amount of
phenolic substances and the method used for the extraction. Regarding antioxidative
potential of the prepared extracts, the samples with more phenolic compounds showed
significantly (P < 0.05) greater antiradical and antioxidant activity in β-carotene/linoleic
acid assay. In addition, antiradical activity was also influenced by amount of flavonoids.
Surprisingly, the best chelating activity was showed by propolis samples with the lowest
content of flavonoids, which indicates that chelating activity is caused by some other
propolis ingredients.
Keywords: propolis, phenols, phenolic acids, antioxidant properties
References
1. Lotfy, M. (2006) Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 7: 22-31.
P.N.05.
COMPOSITION, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL
PROPERTIES OF ALECRIM AND POPLAR PROPOLIS
EXTRACTS OBTAINED BY WATER AND AQUEOUS-LYSINE
SOLUTION
Marijana Zovko Končić1, Ivan Kosalec2, Nada Oršolić3
1 Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacognosy, Zagreb, Croatia;
2 1 Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Microbiology, Zagreb, Croatia; 3
Faculty of Science, Departmen of Animal Physiology, Zagreb, Croatia;
Propolis is a resinous material produced by honeybees, which exhibits a wide spectrum of
biological activities. It is frequently used in phytomedicine. It is considered that phenolic
compounds are the main principle responsible for antioxidant and antimicrobial
properties of poplar type propolis, predominant in Croatia. On the other hand, alecrim
type propolis, typical for Brazil, is rich in prenylated derivatives of p-cumaric acid and
diterpenic acids. Recent studies have shown superior antioxidant and antimicrobial
activity of ethanolic extracts in comparison to aqueous extracts of both propolis types (1).
256
However, due to its toxicity, etnanol is not the most desirable solvent for human use. Thus,
the aim of this study was to assess the influence of amino acid lysine addition during
extraction over composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of two propolis
type extracts. Content of total phenols were determined spectrophotometrically by using
Folin Ciocalteu reagent. Antioxidant activities of the samples were determined by three
different test systems, namely DPPH radical scavenging activity, β-carotene/linoleic acid
and reducing power assay. Results have shown that addition of lysine have significantly
improved the content of phenolic compounds in both types of propolis in comparison to
aqueous extraction. So, the content of total phenols in lysine extracts was 6.99% and 8.73%
in Croatian and Brasilian propolis extracts, respectively in contrast to 5.42% and 3.55%
in corresponding aqueous extracts. Similarly, lysine-extracts showed superior antioxidant
activity in DPPH radical scavenging activity assay and in β-carotene bleaching assay than
the corresponding aqueous extracts. (ANOVA, P < 0.05). The reducing power of the
extracts obtained by two methods, on the other hand, was not statistically different. The
results obtained in this study indicate that addition of lysine in water used for propolis
extraction significantly increases phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the obtained
extracts. Even though our previous research showed remarkable in vitro antiviral activity
of aqueous lysine-solution extracts of both chemotypes against Herpes simplex type I and
influenza A/Weybridge H7N7 viruses (2), the antibacterial activity of the extracts were
negligible. That influence was irrespective of propolis type (poplar or alecrim chemotype).
Keywords: propolis, phenols, antioxidant properties, antimicrobial properties
References
1. Kosalec et al. (2008) Antimicirobial and antioxidative activity of propolis from Croatia and Brasil,
Scientific Evidence of the Use of Propolis in Ethnomedicine. Transworld Research Network. Kerala. 2.
Kosalec et al., Antiviral activity and flavonoid content of propolis from Croatia and Brazil, 9th Congress
on Biology, Rovinj, Croatia, 23-29. 9. 2006.
P.N.06.
Effect of honey and quercetin on microflora
digestive system and toxicity of Ochratoxin A
in mouse
Nada Oršolić1, Duje Lisičić1, Vesna Benković1, Anica Horvat
Knežević1, Domagoj Đikić1
Department of Animal Physiology Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Croatia
1
We investigated independent or combined effects of honey, quercetin and Lactobacillus
reuteri on the toxicity caused by ochratoxin A in mice. The link between biochemical,
and immunological determinants hematopoietic and DNA damage and whether the
food can improve activity of the intestinal microflora and inhibit the harmful and
257
genotoxic effects of mycotoxins - link between diet and the number of colonies of
intestinal microflora and the protective effect of honey, quercetin and lactobacilli
from the consequences of OTA toxicity. Animals were divided into 10 groups of 7
mice according the treatment (control group, OTA, OTA + L, OTA + L + Q, OTA + L
+ honey, OTA + Q, OTA + MED, Q, MED, L). Each second day over 15 days we used
canulla for per os injection of: saline (0.9% NaCl), OTA (100 µg/kg); Lactobacillus
reuteri (106 CFU per mouse), quercetin (50 mg/kg), honey (2 g/kg). The number of
leukocytes increased in the group that received OTA + honey, as a result of increases
in the number of active macrophages and lymphocytes. Stimulation of macrophages
confirmed the protective and antioxidant role of honey, and reduced the effect of
OTA metabolites. Number of erythrocytes and hematocrit increased in the group that
received OTA + honey, quercetin and lactobacilli, but without statistical significance.
Increased number of platelets in the group with honey confirmed the ability of honey
in the regeneration of cells. Level of urea remained unchanged in the group who
received the honey with OTA compared to control. Results obtained by counting
colonies of probiotic bacteria column shows the largest number of colonies in mice,
treatedwith OTA + L. reuteri + quercetin. This results requires further study of strains
that formed a colony by PCR for the or other microbiological analysis. According to
the obtained results, while ochratoxin A causes rapid deterioration it appears that
honey and quercetin probably slow down the deterioration of cells (apoptosis and/or
necrosis) in blood, liver and kidney. Further evaluation of biological efficiency will
significantly contribute to the protection of human health and animals frequently
exposed to harmful contaminants in food.
Keywords: mycotoxins, protective effects, toxicity, ochratoxin
P.N.7.
Effectivity of flavonoids in animal model of
psoriasis
Nada Oršolić1, Jadranaka Skurić2, Duje Lisičić1, Vesna Benković1, Anica
Horvat Knežević1, Domagoj Đikić1
1
Department of Animal Physiology; Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg
6, 10000 Zagreb; 2Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Sveti Duh General Hospital,
Zagreb, Croatia
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease the immunopathogenesis, prevention
and treatment of which have not been fully resolved. Through 5 days we investigated
the potential beneficial effects of propolis-based substances and their poliphenolic/
258
flavonoid compounds on an animal model psoriasis induced by the Di-n-Propyl
Disulfide irritant (PPD). The inflammatory reaction was monitored by a termographic
camera, by determining the overall number of cells in the peritoneal fluid, by
measuring the hematologic and biochemical parameters in the blood and serum,
and by a patohistologic analysis of skin samples. The possible genotoxic effects of
stated substances were evaluated by comet and micronucleus tests. Results show
that all the used propolis and/or flavonoid substances reduce the overall number of
inflammatory cells in the peritoneal fluid of mice. Furthermore, the noticed changes
in hematologic and biochemical parameters were well within the reference values,
whereas the results of determining the cytokines in plasm showed that the PPD was,
alone or mixed with stated substances, responsible for raised levels of inflammatory
cytokines, especially the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), interleukin-6
(IL-6), and when PPD was mixed with a water-soluble derivative of propolis (WSDP)
or with quercetin, raised levels of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interleukin-17 (IL-17)
were noticed. Local application of flavonoids had lower G-CSF values in reference to
the PPD and the combination of PPD and stated substances. The patohistologic skin
analysis showed that combined local application of the irritant and used substances
resulted in a much weaker inflammatory reaction than with PPD. The results of the
comet and micronucleus tests show that propolis and poliphenols/flavonoids are not
genotoxic for peripheral blood cells in mice. Finally, we can conclude that the used
propolis and flavonoid substances show antiinflammatory properties, and that they
could be used in preventing and treating inflammatory changes in psoriasis, without
toxic side effects.
Keywords: psoriasis, propolis, flavonoides
P.N.08.
THE USE OF HONEYBEE AS POLLINATORS AND
SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
1
Sezai Alkan1, Kemal Karabağ2, Fehmi Gürel2
Akdeniz University, Faculty of Agriculture Department of Animal Science, 07070, Antalya,
Turkey 2 Rize University, Vocational Academy of Pazar, 53300 Rize, Turkey
Bees are important pollinators of many crops and wild flowers because they eat pollen
and nectar and, visit many flowers of the same species during a single trip, and have
hairy bodies that easily pick up pollen grains. Honey bees are generalist that visits a
wide assortment of blooming plants during a season and, also manageable, movable
and effective pollinators for many crops. However, there is a difficult question to
answer that how many colonies are necessary to ensure maximum pollination for
259
crops. Different authors give widely differing estimates, partly because of differences
between cultivar requirements, localities and the contributions made to pollination
by local wild bee populations. This study seeks to update the state of knowledge on
this issue.
Keywords: Honeybee, pollinator, agriculture
260
SESSION O
FREE TOPICS
POSTER PRESENTATION
P.O.01.
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NEWBORNS WITH
ANTHROPOLOGICAL FIELD MUNICIPALITY OF
BOSANSKA KRUPA
1
Irma Šarić Kadić1, Azra Bećiraj1, Irma Ičanović1, Dzenana Gačo2
University of Bihac Biotechnical Faculty, Bihac, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2 University of
Bihac, School of Health Studies, Bihac, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Inheritance of quantitative traits is not only influenced by a complex system of action
diferent genes, but also under the influence of biochemical-physiological processes
inside the organism, but also heavily influenced by exogenous factors. Anthropometric
measurements are made at different ages and the boundaries are important indicators
of variations of certain features on the basis of which are considered morphoanatomical features of individuals, but also monitor certain characteristics, and their
demonstration of the functionality of a group of organisms. These measurements
represent the baseline for impact analysis, the mutual effects and genetic relationship
as the primary, and external factors whose impact is not important. This work
investigates the basic metric characteristics of newborns with the municipality of
Bosanska Krupa area: body weight, body giant, head circumference and volume of
the breast. The resulting statistical parameters are compared with assumed factors:
age-maternal mothers, the number of births of infants and mothers living place. For
statistical analysis, especially the positive linear correlation leads to the conclusion
that different factors, exogenous and endogenous, have a distinct impact on the
expression of the above quantitative characteristics of infants.
Keyword: newborn child, metric properties, polygenic inheritance, external factors
References:
1. Hadžiselimović, R.: Bioantropologija recentnog čovjeka, Institut za genetičko inženjerstvo i
biotehnologiju, Sarajevo, 2005. 2. Crow, James F.: Beleške iz genetike, Savremena administracija,
Beograd, 1967. 3. King, Robert C.: Genetika, Vuk Karadžić, Beograd, 1973.
263
P.O.02.
FLORAL NECTAR AS A PRODUCT OF AROMATIC, MEDICINAL AND OTHER PLANT SPECIES AND ITS POSSIBILITIES
IN THE PROCESS OF GENERATING NEW PRODUCTS
Hakija POROBIĆ
Member of Committee for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants BAS/TC 23
In current ISO standard product quality is defined as assembly of all properties and
characteristics of products or services which refer to their possibilities to satisfy determined or expressed requirements. That is the measure of fullfilment of all individual quality properties of product that producers offer to consumer in productionservice chain from very beginning of production to the moment of its placement and
realization in the market. Therefore in all branches of production industry, measure
for product quality is level of fullfilment of set requirements expressed througu its
actual characteristics and properties, and the quality is sum of all individual quality
properties. In every branch of production industry the most of individual quality
properties are defined through relevant regulations or laws in which relevant parameters of individual quality properties of product are specfied. Accordingly, in
modern agriculture production and food industry one part of those quailty properties of product should also be composed of quality parameters whereby their values
are defined in relevant nominal or descriptive form. These include main biological,
physio-chemical, nutritive, microbiological and organoleptic properties of products.
Specific significance is given to individual quality properties of product that relate to
the method of informing buyers about product quality and are is usually referred as
product declaration.
Keywords: Good Regulations on product quality are first condition for constant and
good product quality.
264
P.O.03.
PHYTOCEHEMICAL AND ECOLOGICAL
DIFFERENTIATION OF THE EPILOBIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM
L. SPECIES
Sejfudin TOKIĆ
University of Travnik, Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina
The species Epilobium anqustifolium L. (Onagaceae family) is a perennial herbaceous plant whose population enters into the construction of numerous community
connections (Epilobion anqustifolii R.Tx.1950 and Atropion belladonae Br-Bl.1930).
It is widespread in habitat clearing, forest logging and burning. The root, leaf and
flower of this plant species have been collected from different ecological sites in different vegetation periods prior to blooming, during the first blooming plants, and the
period of giving fruit.
Harvested and then dried plant material was investigated by the content of tannins
and polyphenols possible. Bearing in mind the importance eve of widespread plant
species as a potential raw material for obtaining medical interesting products, and
the increasing role of tannins and polyphenolic compounds in the treatment of a
number of diseases of the tests carried out have shown the presence of pharmacologically active substances, especially in newspapers from the period of blooming plants.
At the same time the test results of individual parts of Epilobium anqustifolium L.
indicates that the content of tannins and total polyphenols in the samples with different ecological sites is uneven. The largest amounts of these compounds contain plant
material collected at sites with higher altitudes and limestone geological base. In all
tested plant parts dominated by tannins of hydrolitic group.
Keyword: medicinal plants, polyphenol compounds, Bosnia and Herzegovina
265
INDEX OF AUTHORS
ABBASDOKHT, H
147
ABDELWAHAB, S.I.
196
ABDULLA , M.
198
ABDULLA, M.A.104, 107, 193, 196, 198
ABEYSEKERA, A.M.
96
ABIODUN, A.
80
AĆIĆ, S.
12
AÇIK, L.
113, 226
ADEDIWURA, F-J.
90
ADEGOKE, G.
80
AGHHAVANI SHAJARI, M. 135, 137,
138, 150, 158, 166, 218
AGRAWAL, S.
195, 220
AHMED, T.
46
AIERIAN, S. 110
AKALIN, E.
86, 88
AKAY, S. 155
AKHLAGHI, H.
56
AKINBILEJE, F.J. 203
AKSOY, A. 78
AL RASHDI, A.S.
107
ALBAYRAK, S.
78
ALIKADIĆ, E.
81
ALIKAMANOGLU, S.
109, 116
ALIMPIC, A.
44
ALIVERDI, A.
143
ALKAN, S.
259
ALKIYUMI, S.S.
193
ALPSOY, L.
212, 214, 215
ALRASHDI, A.S. 104, 107
ALSHAWSH, M.
198
ALTAY, V.
76
ALTUNDAG, E.
13, 251
AMA M.V. 205, 232
AMEEN ABDULLA, M.
196
AMIRI, M.B.
138
ANAČKOV, G. 14, 30, 62
ANIRBAN, P.
214
ANSARINIA, E.
161
266
ARGUN KARSLI, B. 22
ARIAKIA, E.
110
ARNASON, J.
81
AROOIE, H.
117
ARSLAN, N.
15
ASCENSAO, L.
65
ASLAN, A.
228
ATANACKOVIĆ, M.
39, 55
AYDIN, F.
226
AZIKIWE, N.
195
AZIZI, M.
115, 117
BABAC, M. 47, 48
BAGHERI, A-R.
112
BAJROVIĆ, K.
4, 233
BAKAR, B.H.
140
BALCIOĞLU, M.S.
122
BALDEÓN X.
240
BALI, E.B.
226
BALICK, M.
81
BALJAJ, B.
4
BANI-HASSAN, M. 218
BARUDANOVIĆ, S.
4, 18, 183
BASER, K.H.C.
4, 27
BAŠIĆ, B.
185
BAŠIĆ, H.
183
BAUER PETROVSKA, B.
245
BAUER, R. 4, 189
BAYAT, H.
115
BAYKAL, H.
19, 22, 175
BAYRAMOGLU, G.
191
BEĆIRAJ, A.
111, 263
BEIT-YANNAI, E.
190
BENKHALED, M. 50, 51
BENKOVIĆ, V.
252, 257, 258
BERBEROVIĆ, LJ.
4
BEŠTA, R.
234
BIAPA, P.
205
BIGDELI, M.
144
BIODUN, A.A.
79
BIVAL ŠTEFAN, M.B.
47, 48
BLAŽEKOVIĆ, B.
48, 49
BOKIĆ, B.
14
BORIĆ ŠAĆIRAGIĆ, S.
4, 163
BOSNIĆ, T. 4, 61
BOUBAKARI, D.
232
BOUGUTTOUCHA, S. 69
BOŽIN, B.
14, 30, 62
BRDAR, I.
82
BRDAR, S.
82
BRENDLER, T.
172
BUHLING, F.
28
BULIĆ, Z.
4, 16, 17
BULUT, F.M.
134, 149
BURČUL, F.
67
BURSAĆ , M.
39, 55
CANBEK, M.
191, 201
CANCER, M.
253
CAREV, I.
67
CEKOVIĆ, J.
237
CENKCI, S.
75, 76
CESAR, V.
106
CEYHAN, E.
191, 201
CHAUHAN, S.
195, 220
CHICHI, E.
213
CIĞERCI, I.H. 211
CIRIC, A.
235
COFRE, C.
240
COMLEKCIOGLU, N.
31, 57
CORUH, I.
246
CORUH, S. 65
CVEJIĆ, J.
39, 55
CVRK, R.
34, 42, 216, 248,
CYRIL-OLUTAYO, M.
203
ÇAKMAKÇI, E.
45
ÇALIŞKAN, M.
15
ČAKAR, J. 123, 233
ČATIĆ, T.
4
ČOMIĆ, L.
237
ĆAVAR, S.
59, 60
DAHIJA, S.
241
DAJIĆ-STEVANOVIĆ, Z. 4, 12, 68, 70,
167
DALGIC, R.
251
DANESHIAN, J.
144, 154
DANG, R.
4, 142, 148
DARVISH, P.H.
104, 196
DAS, K.
142, 148
DEHAGHI, M.A.
156
DELIĆ, O.
85
DEMIR, G.
134, 149, 221
DEMIRAY, H.
53, 54, 155
DENIZ, L.
89
DEREBOYLU, A.
54
DESHKAR, N.
202
DEVEOGLU, O. 45
DIMO, T.
232
DIRAZ, E.
31, 57, 58
DIRMENCI, T.
226
DJEBLI, N. 200, 204
DOBARDŽIĆ, N.
62
DODOŠ, T.
40
DOGAN, I.
134, 149, 221
DOUGA, M.F
232
DRAGIČEVIĆ, I.
165
DUERBECK, K.
171
DURDU, H.
31, 57
DURMIĆ, A.
233
DURMUS, B.
191, 201
DŽAMIC, A.
44, 52, 235
ĐELIĆ, G.
68
ĐELILOVIĆ, M.
4, 32, 254
ĐIKIĆ, D.
252, 253, 257, 258
ĐURIĆ, K.
59
EBADI, E.
157
EBADI, M.T.
157
EGEMEN, G.
113
EHYAYI, H.R.
138
ELMANN, E.
190
ELOFF, J.
4
EMAMI, R.S.
144
EMSEN, B.
228
ERCISLI, S.
65, 246
ERDOGAN ORHAN, I.
4, 103
ERLANK., H.
190
ESMAEILI, A.
108
267
FALLAHI, J.
135, 137, 138, 150, 218
FARAVANI, M.
140
FARHOODIAN, R.
147
FARIBORZI, A. 152
FARZANEH, A. 157
FAZELI- ROSTAMPOOR, M. 162
FEIZI, H. 160
FERHATOVIĆ. DŽ.
216, 248
FERRIER, J.
4, 81
FILIPOVIĆ, A.
59
FORIĆ, M.
4
FOUAD, A.
45
FURAT, S.
121
GAČO, DŽ. 263
GARAKHANI, P.
21
GARIEL-AJOBIEWE, R.A.O.
203
GEMICI, M. 54
GENÇ, G.E.
86, 88
GHOLAMI, A.
147
GHOLAMI, B.
140
GHORBANI, R.
166
GHOREYSHI, T.
156
GLAMOČLIJA, U.
233
GOLEA, L.
50
GOVAHI, M.
147
GREGOROVIĆ, G.
252
GRUJIĆ, S.
44, 65
GUNAHERATH, G.M.K.B.
96
GUPTA, H.S. 180
GURAV, S.
202, 216
GUVENSEN, A. 192, 251
GÜCEL, S.
192
GÜMÜŞÇÜ, A. 15, 146
GÜMÜŞÇÜ, G.
146
GÜNER, M.
53
GÜREL, F.
22, 259
GWARAM, S.N.
196
HABA, H. 50, 51
HADŽIABLAHOVIĆ, S.
16, 17
HADŽIĆ, M.
129
HAMADOU, A.
232
HANZIC, N.
253
HAPPY, T.F.L
232
268
HASSANDARVISH, P.
196
HAVERIĆ, A.
233
HAVERIĆ, S.
233, 241
HAZRATI, S.
163
HEDAYATI, M.
218
HEGDE, L.
142
HEMISSI, Y. 69
HOGERVORST, R.
133
HORVAT KNEŽEVIĆ, A. 252, 257, 258
HUSEINOVIĆ, S.
61
HUSEYNOVA, A.
225
IČANOVIĆ, I.
263
IGWILO, I.
173
ILCIM, A. 31, 57
ILIĆ, B.S.
43, 229, 230, 239
ILIĆ, M.
41, 159, 223, 227
ILIĆ, M.S.
43, 230
İLKER ÖZYIĞIT, I. 76, 134, 149, 221
ISMAIL, S.
107, 198
JABLAN, J.
89
JAHIĆ, S.
111
JAYVADAN PATEL, DR.
224
JANAĆKOVIĆ, P. 40
JAŠIĆ, M. 34, 42, 216, 248
JÁTIVA C.
240
JAVADI, H.
161, 247
JERKOVIĆ-MUJKIĆ, A.
234
JONOBI, P.
154
JONOUBI, P.
110
JOVIĆ, J.
219
JUG, M.
255
JUKIĆ, M.
67
JURKOVIĆ, V.
106
JUSOVIC, M.
105
KACEM, R. 28, 69
KAMAYESTANI, N. 145
KAN, Y.
146
KANBAK, G.
191
KARABAĞ, K.
259
KARABEY, F.
53, 54, 155
KARADAĞ, R.
45
KARADENIZ, B. 215
KARALIJA, E.
123
KARAMAN, S.
31, 57, 58
KARGIOĞLU, M.
75, 76, 89
KARSLI, B.
22, 122
KARSU, T.
122
KARTKAYA, K.
191
KASOM, G.
18
KAYA, B.
38
KAYA, U. 155
KEKEC, G.
214, 221
KESHAVARZ, M.
87
KESKIN, M.
134, 149
KHINANI, Z.
110
KILIÇ, Z.
113
KIRAN, A.
214
KITIĆ, D.
219
KIZILARSLAN, C.
78, 88
KLADAR, N.
30
KOC, LJ. 113
KOCA, N.
58
KONUK, M.
4, 75, 76, 89, 211
KOSALEC, I.
231, 255, 256
KOVAČEVIĆ, N.
4
KRIZMANIĆ. I.
167
KUJUNDŽIĆ, N.
89
KULENOVIĆ, A.
60
KUMAR VERMA, S.
4
KURTAGIĆ, H.
254
KUVENDZIEV, S. 42
LABOKAS, J.
29
LAKIĆ, N.
30, 62
LANDEKA, I.
253
LASHKARI, A.
158
LAVAUD, C.
50, 51
LEPEDUŠ, H.
106
LISICHKOV, K. 42
LISIČIĆ, D.
252, 257, 258
LISIČKOV, K.
34, 42
LLUGA-RIZANI, K. 20
LONG, C.
50, 51
LOUCIF, L.
51
LOŽIENĖ, K. 29
ŁUCZAJ, L.
4, 73
MAHALLATI, M.N. 135, 139, 150, 166
MAKIĆ, H.
111
MAKKARIAN, H.
147
MAKSIMOVIĆ, M.
4, 59, 60, 241
MARDANI, H. 112, 115, 145
MARIN, M. 65
MARIN, P.D.
40, 44, 52, 65, 235
MARKOVIĆ, M. 41, 159
MARKOVIĆ, S. M.
229, 239
MAŠIĆ, E.
18
MATARUGA, M.
4
MATEJIĆ, J. 52
MATEVSKI, V.
4
MBOFUNG, C.M.F.
232
MEHIĆ, B.
4
MEMIŠEVIĆ , S.
234
MEMON, A.R.
105
MENEMEN, Y.
38
MENYANA, N.
232
MIBO’O P.
232
MIHAILOVIĆ, V. 63, 68
MIHAJILOV-KRSTEV, T.
219, 223
MIHAJILOV-KRSTEV, M.T.
239
MILESKI, K.
235
MILADINOVIĆ, D.L. 43, 229, 230, 239
MILIĆ, N.
39
MILOŠ, M.
67
MILOSAVLJEVIĆ, V.N.
229
MISHRA, M. 180
MIŠIĆ, D.
63
MIŠKOVIĆ, I.
165
MITIĆ, V.
41, 159, 223, 227
MLADENOVIĆ, M.
63
MOGHADDAM, R.P.135, 137, 138, 150,
158, 160, 166, 218
MOHAMED, A.
46
MOHAMMAD-ABADI, A.A.
137
MOHAMMED AHMED, A.A.
100
MOHD ALI, H.
196
MOJISOLA, C.
203
MOLLAFILABI, A. 152, 157
MONDANI, F.
143
MORDECHAY, S.
190
MORGAN, B.
179
269
MOUFFOK, S.
51
MOUKETE, M.B
205, 232
MOUSAVI, S.G.R.
161, 162
MUFLIZOVIĆ, E.
59
MUFTIĆ, F.
185
MUHAMMED, A. 45
MUSLIMOVIĆ, S.
23
MWALE, M.M.
119
NAGHAVI, M.R.
110
NANFACK, P.
205
NASIRI-MAHALLATI, M.
135, 150
NASSIRI MAHALLATI, M. 139, 166
NEBEDUM, J.
195
NGOGANG, J.
205, 232
NIEHAUS, K.
105
NIKOLIĆ MANDIĆ, S.
159
NIKOLIĆ, D.M.
43, 230, 239
NIKOLIĆ, N.D.
43, 229, 230
NIKOLIĆ, V.
167
NJINKIO, N.B.LG.
232
NOĆAJEVIĆ, M.
248
NOĆAJEVIĆ, S.
216, 248
NUHANOVIĆ, N.
123
OFFOR, C.E.
37
OFIR, R.
190
OKAKA, A.
195
OKAKA, A.N.C.
37
OKEDE, A.I.
79
OKUMUŞ, A.
113
OLOMO, M.B.
232
OLUMEKUN, V.G.
203
OMANOVIĆ, M.
184
OMIDI, M.
110
ORSOLIC,N. 252, 253, 256, 257, 258
OSMAN, M.
33, 46
OSMANOVIĆ, S. 61
OVBURIE, S.O. 80
OZEN, A.
191
OZTOPCU VATAN, AP.
191
ÖZTÜRK, A.
134, 149
OZTURK, M.
192, 251
ÖZTÜRK, Y.
4, 199
OZUAH, A.
195
270
OZUMBA, N.A.
173
OZYIGIT, I.I.
76, 134, 149, 221
PARIĆ, A.
123, 241
PAVLOVIĆ, D.
68
PECANAC, D.
171
PEKMIĆ, S. 61
PETROVIĆ, M.
12
PETROVIĆ, M.
70
PHILLIPS, D.
172
PIEME, C.A.
205, 232
PIERONI, A.
4, 74
PILIĆ, Z.
165
PIVIĆ, R.
237
POLITEO, O.
67
POLUTAK, A. 60
PONE, K.B.
214
POROBIĆ, H.
264
PRAZINA, N.
84
RADAK, B.
14
RADANOVIĆ, M.
14
RADIĆ, S.
106
RADNOVIĆ, D. 219
RAHMANI, N.
154
RAJČEVIĆ, N.
40
RAMAZANOĞLU, N.
113
RAMEZANI, S.
37, 84
RANASINGHE, C.
96
RANĐELOVIĆ, V.
4, 52
RANJBAR, F.
145
RASHEDMOHASEEL, M.H.
152
RAT, M.
14, 30, 62
RATH S.N
99
RAZMAVAR, S.
117
RBEŠTA, R.
234
REBECCAH, N.
213
REDŽIĆ, A.
206, 236
REDŽIĆ, S. 4, 11, 16, 17, 20, 81, 84, 85
REZAEE, MB.
4, 173
RIAHINIA, S.
115, 145
RINDNER, M.
190
RISTIC, M.
RODINA, K.
ROGIC, D.
SAHABI, H.
SAKCALI, M.S.
SALAMA, S.M.
SALEH SALGA, M.
SALTAN, F.Z.
SAMIMIZAD, M. SAREMNIA, B.
SEGHATOLESLAMI, M.J.
SEN, A.
SENTURK, H.
SERTESER, A.
SEVEROĞLU, Z.
SEVGI, E.
SEYAM, S.
SHAHZADEFAZELI, A. SHERIFI, E. SHOOR, M.
SIMONOVIĆ, P.
SIMONOVIĆ, S.
SIROVINA, D.
SKURIĆ, J.
SOKOVIC, M.
SOLUJIĆ, S.
SOOREH, SH.
SPIESS, S.
SRDANOV, J. STANIĆ, G.
STANKOV JOVANOVIĆ, V. 223, 227
STANKOVIĆ, M.S.
STANOJKOVIĆ, A. STANOJKOVIĆ, AA.
STOJANOVIĆ, G.
SUBAKOV SIMIC, G.
SUBAŠIĆ, L.
ŞAHIN, E.
ŞENOL, S.
44, 235
179
253
160
214, 221
104
196
38
110
108
141, 160
109, 116
191, 201
75, 76, 89
134, 149
78
35, 36
110
20
115, 143
167
227
252
258
235
63, 68
117
172
30
49
41, 159,
63, 67, 68
237
237
41, 227
44
120
122
53
ŠABULIĆ, DŽ.
89
ŠAČIRAGIĆ, L.
81
ŠARIĆ, T.
4
ŠARIĆ KADIĆ, I. 263
ŠKRABA, D.
167
ŠKRBO, A.
4, 127, 128, 204
ŠKRBO, S.
127
ŠOLJAN, D.
4, 20
ŠOŠTARIĆ, I.
12, 70
ŠTOLFA, I.
106
TANYA A.K.N. 232
TAHMASEBI SARVESTANI, Z. 163
TALBI, S.
69
TANOVIĆ, N.
4, 32
TARDIO, F.J.
4
TEIMOURI, M.
139
TELERMAN, A.
190
TEPIĆ, A. 34
TERZIĆ, R.
4, 106
TILLOO, S.
202
TIMOSHYNA, A.
179, 181
TIRTASH, F.H.
87
TOKIĆ, S. 265
TOLULOPE, O.
90
TOMBULOGLU, H.
221
TOPUZOVIĆ, M.
68
TORGAN, E. 45
TORKAMAN, J.
35, 36
TOŠIĆ, A.
167
TRAKIĆ, S.
183
TRKULJA, V.
4
TROGRLIĆ, D.
194
TROGRLIĆ, I.
194
TROGRLIĆ, Z.
194
TUGAY, O.
146
TULUKCU, E.
152
TUNCA, H.
226
TUNÇTÜRK, R.
153
ULKER, Z.
212, 214, 215
UMEH, C.
195
UMEH, C.N.
173
URANBEY, S.
15
271
USČUPLIĆ, M.
4
UYANOGLU, M.
191, 201
UZUEGBUN, U.A
195
UZUN, B.
121
VALLES, J.
4
VASILJEVIĆ, S. 39, 55
VELADŽIĆ, M.
111
VELAGIĆ, A.
128
VELIĆ, S.
185
VIDIC, D.
59, 60, 241
VIDOVIĆ, T.
95
VIJAYANTHIMALA, K.
99
VILJOEN, B.
119
VLADIMIR KNEŽEVIĆ, S. 47, 48, 49
VUKOVIĆ RODRÍGUEZ, J.
47
VURAL, G.
76
WANDJI, D.
232
WELTE, T.
28
WOUASSI, D.
232
YALCIN, I.E.
134, 149, 221
YALDIZ, G.
19, 22, 175
YAŞAR, U. 134, 149
YASEMIN KOÇ, L.
113
YAYCILI, O. 116
YAZDANI110
YAZICI, I.
53, 54, 155
YILDIRIM, E.
228
YOL, E.
121
YÜKSEK, S.
211
YUMI, N.
240
ZABIHI, H.R.
141
ZAIMOVIĆ MOYER, A.
206, 236
ZERROUKI, K.
200
ZIYARATNIA, S.M.
112
ZIYAURRAHMAN A.R
224
ZLATKOVIC, B.
219, 223
ZORLUER, O.
134, 149
ZOVKO KONČIĆ, M. 231, 252, 255, 256
272
COUNTRIES OF PARTICIPANTS
A
ALGERIA
AUSTRIA
AZERBAJAN
B
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
C
CAMEROON
CANADA
CROATIA
E
Ecuador-Sudamérica
EGYPAT
F
FRANCE
G
GERMANY
H
HUNGARY
I
INDIA
IRAN
ISRAEL
K
KOSOVO
M
MALAYSIA
MONTENEGRO
N
NIGERIA
NORTH CYPRUS
P
PAKISTAN
POLAND
PORTUGAL
R
REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
S
SAUDI ARABIA
SERBIA
SOUTH AFRICA
SRI LANKA
SUDAN
SWITZERLAND
T
TURKEY
U
United Kingdom
UNITED STATE OF AMERICA
L
LITHUANIA
273
Abstracts of presentations of the INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
„MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS IN GENERATING OF NEW
VALUES IN 21ST CENTURY“, November 9-12, 2011, Sarajevo, Bosnia and
Herzegovina.
The Editor and Editorial board has been pee reviewed this compendium for scientific
merit, technical format and language
Citation suggestions:
This book: Redžić, S. (2011): International Conference „Medicinal and Aromatic
Plants in Generating of New Values in 21st Century“: Book of Abstracts. Special
editions, ANUBIH, VOL. CXL, Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics,
Vol. 18, Sarajevo.
Abstract:
Erdogan Orhan, Ilkay (2011): Current outcomes derived from Turkish medical
plants with neuroprotective potential. In: Redžić, S. (2011): International Conference
„Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in Generating of New Values in 21st Century“: Book
of Abstracts. Special editions, ANUBIH, VOL. CXL, Department of Natural Sciences
and Mathematics, Vol. 18, Sarajevo, p.103.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CIP – Katalogizacija u publikaciji
Nacionalna i univerzitetska biblioteka
Bosne i Hercegovine, Sarajevo
615 : 633 . 8] (063) (082)
INTERNATIONAL Conference Medicinal and Aromatic
Plants in Generating of New Values in 21st Century
( 2011 ; Sarajevo)
Book of abstracts / International conference
Medicinal and aromatic plants in generating of new values
in 21st century, Sarajevo , 9-12 November 2011 ;
editor in chief Sulejman Redžić. – Sarajevo :
Akademija nauka i umjetnosti Bosne i Hercegovine =
Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and
Herzegovina, 2011. -275 str. : ilustr. ; 25 cm. –
(Special editions / Academy of Sciences and Arts
of Bosnia and Herzegovina ; vol. 140. Department
of Natural Sciences and Mathematics ; vol. 18)
Na spor. nasl. str. : Ljekovito i aromatično bilje
u generiranju novih vrijednosti u 21. stoljeću. Bibliografija uz pojedine sažetke
ISBN 978-9958-501-68-50
1.Redžić , Sulejman. – I. Međunarodna
konferencija Ljekovito i aromatično bilje u
generiranju novih vrijednosti u 21. Stoljeću ( 2011
; Sarajevo) vidi International conference
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in Generating of New
Values in 21st Century ( 2011 ; Sarajevo)
COBISS. BH – ID 19167750
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Publisher
ANUBiH
Editor
Sulejman Redžić, corresponding member of ANUBiH
Secretary
Melisa Forić
DTP and print
Dobra knjiga Sarajevo
Circulation
300
Sarajevo, 2011

medicinal and aromatic plants in generating of new values

Transcription

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