Tree Types for Village Planting
Transcription
Tree Types for Village Planting
TREE SELECTION BOOKLET THE RHINEBECK VILLAGE TREE COMMISSION 1 UNDERWIRE TREES Flowering Crabapple: Malus ‘Sutyzam’ Sugar Tyme Sugar Tyme is one of the most popular crabapple trees ever. It is an upright, oval, deciduous tree which typically grows 14-18 feet tall and to 12-15 feet wide. Pale pink buds open to fragrant, single, white flowers (1 inch diameter) in spring. Flowers are followed by masses of small, glossy, red crabapples (to ½ inch diameter) which mature in the fall and persist well into the winter. The fruits are attractive to birds. Slender, ovate, toothed, dark green leaves. Excellent disease resistance. However, it is slight susceptibility to apple scab, leaf spot, powdery mildew and fire blight. Potential insect pests are of lesser concern and include tent caterpillars, aphids, Japanese beetles, borers, spider mites and scale. It is an excellent flowering lawn tree or street tree. 2 Flowering Crabapple: Malus ‘Donald Wyman’ Donald Wyman is a large, spreading crabapple that matures to 15-20 feet tall and slightly wider. It was discovered as a chance seedling at the Arnold Arboretum around 1950, and was named after Donald Wyman (1904-1993) who served as Arnold Arboretum horticulturist from 1936 to 1970. Fragrant, white, single flowers (to 1 ¾ inches diameter) bloom in abundance in spring (April). Flowers are followed by bright red crabapples (to 3/8 inch diameter) that mature in fall. Crabapples persist on the tree well into winter, providing additional interest. Birds are attracted to the fruit. Leaves are dark green and toothed. Leaves turn amber-gold in fall. The main diseases of crabapple are scab, fire blight, rusts, leaf spot and powdery mildew. ‘Donald Wyman’ shows good resistance to these diseases. Potential insect pests are of lesser concern and include tent caterpillars, aphids, Japanese beetles, borers and scale. Spider mites may occur. Location in Village: 6322 Mill Street 3 Flowering Crabapple Malus transitoria ‘Schmidtcutleaf’ Golden Raindrops is bathed in stunning clusters of fragrant white star-shaped flowers with yellow eyes along the branches in mid spring, which emerge from distinctive rose flower buds before the leaves. It has attractive dark green foliage throughout the season. The deeply cut lobed leaves are ornamentally significant and turn an outstanding orange in the fall. The fruits are showy yellow pomes carried in abundance from early to mid-fall. The rough brown bark is not particularly outstanding. It is a dense deciduous tree with a picturesque vase-shaped form. It lends an extremely fine and delicate texture to the landscape composition which can make it a great accent feature on this basis alone. This is a relatively low maintenance tree, and is best pruned in late winter once the threat of extreme cold has passed. It has no significant negative characteristics. The Golden Raindrops Flowering Crabapple will grow to be about 18 feet tall at maturity, with a spread of 12 feet. It has a low canopy with a typical clearance of 3 feet from the ground, and is suitable for planting under power lines. It grows at a medium rate, and under ideal conditions can be expected to live for 40 years or more. This tree should only be grown in full sunlight. It prefers to grow in average to moist conditions, and should not be allowed to dry out. Location in Village: 9 Livingston Street; 11 Livingston Street 4 Flowering Cherry: Prunus ‘Accolade’ Accolade is a ravishingly beautiful spring flowering accent tree, featuring semi-double deep pink flowers before the leaves, attractive reddish-brown bark, and a beautiful, open habit of growth; needs full sun and well-drained soil, quite tough for a cherry tree. It is smothered in stunning clusters of fragrant shell pink flowers along the branches in early spring, which emerge from distinctive rose flower buds before the leaves. It has forest green foliage throughout the season. The pointy leaves turn an outstanding brick red in the fall. The fruits are black drupes displayed in mid-summer. The smooth dark red bark adds an interesting dimension to the landscape. It is a deciduous tree and is a relatively low maintenance. It is best pruned in late winter once the threat of extreme cold has passed. It is a good choice for attracting birds to your yard. It has no significant negative characteristics. The Accolade Flowering Cherry will grow to be about 20 feet tall at maturity, with a spread of 25 feet. It has a low canopy with a typical clearance of 4 feet from the ground, and is suitable for planting under power lines. It grows at a medium rate, and under ideal conditions can be expected to live for 50 years or more. Location in Village: 6439 Montgomery Street in front of Episcopal Church 5 Flowering Cherry: Prunus serrulata 'Kwanzan' The Kwanzan Cherry, named after a mountain in Japan, has double pink flowers and a vase-shaped form with a rounded crown that spreads with age, making the tree wider than it is tall at maturity .The new leaves are bronze colored, turning to dark green, then yellow, orange, or copper in fall. This is a fruitless cultivar. It prefers a site with full sun, loose, well-drained soil with plenty of moisture. It is somewhat tolerant of alkaline soil and drought but is sensitive to pollution and stresses in general. These trees range in height from 20 to 40 feet, with canopy widths of between 15 and 30 feet. For these reasons and because of its susceptibility to pests and disease, the life span is limited from 15 to 25 years, not uncommon for cherry trees. Location in Village: 37 Arnett Road and 40 Arnett Road 6 Flowering Pear: Pyrus ‘calleryana’ The Callery pear, is a species of pear native to China and Vietnam. It is a deciduous tree growing to 49 to 66 feet tall, often with a conic to rounded crown. The leaves are oval1.6 to 2.8 inches long, glossy dark green above, and slightly paler below. The white, five-petaled flowers are about 0.79 to 1.18 inches in diameter. They are produced abundantly in early spring, before the leaves expand fully. The fruits of the Callery pear are small, and hard, almost woody, until softened by frost, after which they are readily taken by birds, which disperse the seeds in their droppings. In summer, the foliage is dark green and very smooth, and in autumn the leaves commonly turn brilliant colors, ranging from yellow and orange to more commonly red, pink, purple, and bronze. Sometimes, several of these fall colors may be present on an individual leaf. However, since the color often develops very late in fall, the leaves may be killed by a hard frost before full color can develop. Callery pears are remarkably resistant to sicknesses or blight; they are more often killed by storms or high winds than by sickness. Location in Village: 6400 Montgomery Street (side of Rhinebeck Department Store; 6408 Montgomery Street, 6418 Montgomery Street (Rhinebeck’s Savings Bank) 7 Tree Lilac Syringa reticulate ‘Ivory Silk’ When it comes to the flowers of the tree lilac, the similarities end with the name of the common shrub-form lilac. The tree-form has a creamy-white, large flower that bursts to life in early to mid-June and can be up to 1-foot long. The tree lilac boasts its beautifully large flowers after most other ornamental trees have already flowered. The fragrance of the tree lilac does not match that of the shrub form, but more than makes up for that shortfall in its appearance. Its mature height is around 20 feet and width of 15-20 feet. Location in Village: 6331 Mill Street (in front of the American Legion); 6430 Montgomery Street (Scheer Cleaners; 49 Chestnut Street 8 Cornelian Cherry Dogwood ‘Cornus mas’ The Cornelian Cherry Dogwood is a cheery harbinger of spring when the clusters of soft yellow flowers on short stalks bloom in early spring before the leaves emerge in dense, showy, rounded clusters 3/4" wide. Leaves are glossy green changing to a yellow-burgundy in the fall. Scaly, exfoliating bark develops on mature trunks. Fruit is bright, cherry-red and is loved by birds. It grows 20-25 feet high with a width of 15-20 feet. Location in Village: 6331 Mill Street (in front of the American Legion) 9 Autumn Splendor Buckeye ‘Aesculus x arnoldiana’ The Autumn Splendor Buckeye as all of the well-known assets of a Horse chestnut along with one additional factor that really puts it over the top, which is the unusual trait of bright red autumn color. Autumn Splendor has pale chartreuse leaves in early spring followed by showy spikes of creamy white flowers that ride above the foliage. These showy flowers make the tree a centerpiece of the mid spring garden. While the fruit is not ornamentally significant, it is a boon to wildlife, especially squirrels, which would qualify Autumn Splendor for a wildlife-friendly garden. The emerald green leaves of summer are very handsome but by autumn they become spectacular as they begin turning a bright scarlet, bright enough to rival the best maples. This tree is dense and rounded with a coarse texture, and its size and form qualify it as an effective shade tree while its bloom and autumn color render it the perfect specimen tree. It is small to medium sized and will fit onto most urban plots. It only reaches 25 to 30 feet in height and almost as wide and grows at a medium rate. It is drought tolerant once established and under ideal conditions can be expected to live for 60 years or more. 10 Fort McNair Red Horse Chestnut ‘Aesculus × carnea Ft. McNair’ The Red horsechestnut is a medium-sized shade tree with dark green, palmate leaves and showy flower clusters in the spring. It features bold spikes of pink flowers with yellow eyes rising above the foliage in mid-spring. It has dark green foliage that emerges light green in spring. The palm-shaped leaves turn yellow in fall. The fruit is not ornamentally significant. The rough brown bark is not particularly outstanding. Fort McNair red horsechestnut is a dense deciduous tree with a smaller, rounder habit than the European horsechestnut. Its relatively coarse texture can be used to stand it apart from other landscape plants with finer foliage. This is a relatively low-maintenance tree, and is best pruned in late winter once the threat of extreme cold has passed. It has no significant negative characteristics, but should be planted in a sunny location. Location in Village: Several on Corner of Sunset and South Parsonage Street and further north on South Parsonage on the west side of street. 11 Large Trees Requiring Space / Unsuitable for Underwire Planting Katsura ‘Cercidiphyllu japanicum’ The Katsura is a deciduous, single or multi-trunked, understory tree with a dense, rounded habit that typically matures to 40-60 feet tall in cultivation, but can reach 100 feet or more in the wild. It is grown for its beautiful shape and its attractive foliage. Heart-shaped, round-oval leaves (to 4” long) resemble those of a small red bud. Leaves emerge reddish purple in spring, mature to medium green with a slight bluish tinge in summer and turn quality shades of gold, orange and red in fall. Although not aromatic, the fallen autumn leaves have been varyingly described as smelling of cinnamon, burnt sugar or ripe apples. Tiny flowers (red on male trees and green on female trees) appear in spring before the foliage but are not particularly showy. Pollinated flowers on female trees are followed by clusters of greenish pods (to ¾ inches long).It is broadly pyramidal when young and eventually forms a massive domed crown resembling an open Oak. The Katsura is very long-lived tree. Location in Village: Corner of Mill Street and Rte. 9; Beech Street and East Market (NE corner of Beech Street); Along South Street (South side larger specimens) 12 Kentucky Coffee Tree ‘Gymnocladus dioicus’ The Kentucky Coffee tree is a native and is easily recognized in summer by its huge compound leaves, and in winter by its bold outline. Thick fruit pods containing large seeds (or beans) are found only on female trees, and often hang on during winter. This slow-growing tree reaches 50-80 feet tall and 50 feet wide when found in the open, with an upright, irregular, and thin appearance in youth, becoming dense and symmetrical with age. Location in Village: Mini Park (middle of lawn by small playground); Crystal Lake Korean Mountain Ash ‘Sorbus alnifolia’ (not Sorbus aucuparia) The Mountain Ash is actually not an ash but a member of the rose family. This small to medium tree (up to 50 feet tall) has light grayish bark and an oval, open head at maturity. It produces clusters of white flowers in spring followed by bright, long-lasting, orangered berries in fall that attract birds. The deciduous leaves are dark, dull green in summer and yellow to reddish in fall. Location in Village: 6352 Mill Street; 36 Platt Avenue (3 trees) 13 Dawn Redwood ‘Metasequoia glyptostrobides’ The Dawn Redwood is an ancient tree that lived at the time of the dinosaurs. It is considered one of the greatest botanical finds of the 20thcentury, the Dawn Redwood was known only from ancient fossils until a small population was discovered in the forests of Central China in 1944. Dubbed a ‘living fossil’, this coniferous tree grows with an orange-brown, thick, tapering trunk and a broad, buttressed base. Displaying the characteristic conifer shape, the dawn redwood has a narrow, pyramidal foliage with sparse, upward-sweeping branches, and straight, needle-like leaves. Green in the spring and summer, the leaves of this deciduous tree turn a vibrant reddish-brown before falling to the ground in autumn. Light yellow-brown male cones hang in clusters, while yellow-green female cones hang individually. It is fast growing; 70-100 feet in height and 25 wide. This tree is good for lawn or park as it gets very wide at the base. Location in Village: Legion Park; Locust Grove Road 14 London Plane ‘Platanus x acerifolia’ The London planetree is a hybrid cross between American Sycamore and Oriental Planetree. This tree is common in such distant locations as Brooklyn, New York and San Francisco, California. Like its American parent, it typically grows as a single-trunk tree to 75-100 feet (less frequently to 120 feet) tall with horizontal branching and a rounded habit. Trunk diameter typically ranges from 3-8 feet and its height is 65-80 feet. The signature ornamental feature of this huge tree is its showy brown bark, which exfoliates in irregular pieces to reveal creamy white inner bark. A standout in the winter landscape! In fall, foliage typically turns a yellow-brown. Small, non-showy, flowers appear in small rounded clusters in April. Male flowers are yellowish and female flowers are reddish. Female flowers give way to fuzzy, long-stalked, spherical fruiting balls that ripen to brown in October and persist into early winter. Fruiting balls appear in pairs. Each fruiting ball consists of numerous, densely-packed, tiny seed-like fruits. Fruiting balls gradually disintegrate as fall progresses, dispersing their seeds, often in downy tufts, with the wind. Location in Village: 8 South Street; 12 South Street, Cross Street Triangle 15 Thornless Honeylocust ‘Gleditsia triacanthos’ The Honeylocust is a tall, pod-bearing, deciduous shade tree with a short trunk. Its ornamental foliage is lacy and medium to fine in texture. The tree's mature size is variable, growing in the 30 -70 feet in height and width, taller in the wild. Honey locust is a rapidly growing tree whose fall foliage is yellow to yellow-green. Its fruit is a long, reddish-brown, strap-like, curved pod produced in late summer. Its shade is dappled and permits plant growth beneath the canopy. Location in Village: Throughout Village Commercial Center 16 Littleleaf Linden ‘Tilia cordata’ The Corinthian Little Leaf Linden tree has a pyramidal to pyramidal-rounded shape and dense foliage, which make it an excellent low maintenance landscape tree. The leaves are glossy, dark green, heart-shaped and appear in spring, turning yellow or yellow-green in the fall. As a rule, shade trees don't have very interesting flowers or a scent, but this hardy ‘Little Leaf’ Linden is the exception to the rule! The small, fragrant yellowish flowers appear in June. Small, round seeds are also produced, and they persist well into winter. It can grow from 45 feet high with a width of 15-20 feet. This variety is resistant to Japanese Beetles. It is sensitive to road salt. There is also an underwire variety. Location in Village: Stortini Drive Development 17 Japanese Zelkova ‘Zelkova serrata’ The Japanese Zelkova is a good street and shade tree that has an appealing vase-shaped form with a rounded crown. Green leaves turn yellow, copper, orange, or deep red to purplish-red in fall putting on a showy display. The peeling bark on older trees exposes orange patches, which can be quite impressive. It grows rapidly when young though the growth rate slows to medium upon middle age and maturity, reaching a height of 50-80 feet with a 50-75 foot spread. To identify the Zelkova, one would look for a short main trunk, low branching and a vase-shaped habit. The twigs are slender with small, dark conical buds in a zigzag pattern. The branches are usually smooth. The bark is grayish white to grayish brown and either smooth with horizontal stripping or exfoliating in patches to reveal orange inner bark. The branchlets are brownish-purple to brown. Zelkovas prefer moist, well drained soils and full sun. It is pH adaptable, and when established, is tolerant of wind, drought, and air pollution. The threats to this tree include colder temperature, which often result in twig dieback. A member of the Elm family, it is highly resistant to Dutch elm disease, which makes it a good replacement tree for American elm. Fall cleanup is easy with this tree because of its small leaves. There are also narrow forms and underwire forms. Location in Village: 6346 Mill Street-The Lodge; 77 East Market Street; Chestnut Street 18 Yellowwood ‘Cladrastis kentukea’ The Yellowwood tree grows underwire to an average height of 30-50 feet and spreads out just as far. The trunk tends to fork very low, sending out several branches covered with a smooth smoky gray colored bark. The compound leaves are a bright yellowish green color in the spring and turning to a darker green in midsummer. The real prize occurs every other year when it flowers. The flowers, reminiscent of wisteria, are a perfect white and very fragrant. The flowers appear in early June growing on their own stems that range in length from four to sixteen inches long, a stunning display. They are fast growing and they have a lifespan of less than 100 years . Location in Village: Platt Avenue (North Side) 19 Tulip Tree ‘Liriodendron tulipifera’ The Tulip Tree is also known as yellow poplar. It is a large, stately, deciduous tree native to North America, typically growing 60-90 feet (less frequently to 150 feet) tall with a pyramidal to broad conical habit. They are fast-growing and somewhat weak wooded, making them susceptible to limb breakage in high winds or from ice/snow. Trunks of mature trees may reach 4-6 feet in diameter, usually rising column-like with an absence of lower branching. It is named and noted for its cupshaped, tulip-like flowers that bloom in spring. Flowers are yellow with an orange band at the base of each petal. Although the flowers are 2 inches in length, they can go unnoticed on large trees because the flowers appear after the leaves are fully developed. Sometimes the flowers are first noticed when the attractive petals begin to fall below the tree. Flowers are followed by dry, scaly, oblong, cone-shaped brown fruits, each bearing numerous winged seeds. Four-lobed bright green leaves (to 8 inches across) turn golden yellow in fall. Very large shade or lawn tree for large landscapes. Location in Village: Mini Park (south side of playground) 20 Regal Prince Oak Quercus x ware ‘Long’ The Regal Prince Oak (Royal Oak) is a tall and stately hybrid oak with a symmetrical narrowly oval habit of growth, ideal where a narrow form is needed; tough and adaptable, faster growing than other oaks. It has dark green foliage throughout the season. The lobed leaves do not develop any appreciable fall color. Neither the flowers nor the fruit are ornamentally significant. The furrowed dark brown bark is not particularly outstanding. Regal Prince English Oak is a dense deciduous tree with a shapely oval form. Its average texture blends into the landscape, but can be balanced by one or two finer or coarser trees or shrubs for an effective composition. This is a relatively low maintenance tree, and is best pruned in late winter once the threat of extreme cold has passed. It is a good choice for attracting squirrels to your yard. It has no significant negative characteristics. Regal Prince English Oak will grow to be about 30 feet tall at maturity, with a spread of 12 feet. It has a low canopy with a typical clearance of 4 feet from the ground, and should not be planted underneath power lines. It grows at a slow rate, and under ideal conditions can be expected to live to a ripe old age of 300 years or more; think of this as a heritage tree for future generations! This tree should only be grown in full sunlight. Location in Village: Oak Street (Spring 2014 planting); Stortini Drive Development (Spring 2014 planting) 21 Pin Oak ‘Quercus palustris’ The Pin oak or Swamp Spanish oak is one of America's most frequently planted trees and was polled the "most popular" shade tree by American Nurseryman Magazine. The tree grows into a gigantic tree and you need plenty of yard room - at least 600 square feet. Fast-growing, tolerates wet soils, likes full sun. Glossy dark green leaves turn russet, bronze or red. It grows to 60-70 feet and 25-45 foot spread. Its leaves will turn yellow and decline in vigor if planted on alkaline soils. The tree can also be a maintenance problem because of a tendency to grow limbs low down the trunk. Location in Village: 46 Mulberry; 10 Platt Avenue 22 Northern Red Oak ‘Quercus rubra’ The Red Oak is a native deciduous tree. It grows straight and tall, up to 90 feet, with a trunk of up to 20-40 inches in diameter. Open-grown trees do not get as tall, but can develop a stouter trunk, up to 6 feet in diameter. It has stout branches growing at right angles to the stem, forming a narrow round-topped head. It grows rapidly and is tolerant of many soils and varied situations. Northern red oak is easy to recognize by its bark, which feature bark ridges that appear to have shiny stripes down the center. Bristle-tipped leaves turn red in the fall. The leaves have 7 to 11 waxy lobes. The Red Oak is a good street tree. It tolerates pollution and compacted soil. Under optimal conditions, it is fast growing and a 10year-old tree can be 15-20 feet tall. Trees may live up to 500 years according to the USDA. Location in Village: North Parsonage Street (west side in first block) 23 Swamp White Oak ‘Quercus bicolor’ The Swamp White Oak is a medium-sized tree of America's north central and northeastern mixed forests. It has a very large range, and can survive in a variety of habitats. It grows rapidly and can reach 300 to 350 years old. It is not a large tree, typically growing to 65-80 feet tall, with the tallest known reaching 95 feet. The crown shape and bi-colored leaves (dark above, lighter beneath) are attractive features; fall color is yellow with occasional red-purple. The acorns are sweet and are an important food for wildlife such as squirrels, mice, white-tailed deer, beaver, black bear, and a variety of birds, including ducks and turkey. Bare-root transplants also are best done in the spring, but these may be difficult because of the strong and rapid development of the taproot. The swamp white oak has become a popular landscaping tree, partly due to its relative ease of transplanting. The New York Times has reported that over 400 Swamp White Oak trees are being planted in the newly constructed September 11 Memorial Plaza in Manhattan. Location in Village: 50 Chestnut Street; Legion Park (road frontage) 24 Red Sunset Maple ‘Acer rubrum’ The Swamp Maple is commonly called red maple. It is a medium-sized, deciduous tree that is native to Eastern North America. It typically grows 40-60 feet tall and 30-40 feet wide with a rounded to oval crown. It grows faster than Norway and sugar maples, but slower than silver maple. It has red flowers in dense clusters in late March to early April (before the leaves appear), red fruit (initially reddish, two-winged helicopters’ samara), reddish stems and twigs, red buds, and, in the fall, excellent orange-red foliage color. No serious insect or disease problems. Location in Village: 68 Violet Place; Stortini Drive Development (Spring 2014 Planting) 25 October Glory ‘Acer rubru’ October Glory is a variety of red maple. Native to the East Coast of the United States, it is a medium/fast-growing vibrantly colored tree with a round or oval crown of dense glossy foliage. During the spring and summer, the deciduous tree has shiny dark green leaves. Tiny red flowers also appear in the spring. In the fall, the tree dazzles with gleaming crimson and orange-red leaves. The leaves begin to fall late in the season. Red maples have typical maple leaves with palmate-serrated lobes. The leaf blades are 2 to 4 inches long. The tree's fruit consists of 1- to 3-inch reddish-brown samaras, small pods with papery thin wings. Overall, the tree grows between 40 to 50 feet tall with a 25 to 35 feet spread. It also attracts birds, squirrels and other small wildlife. Location in Village: 6324 Mill Street 26 Jeffersred Freeman Maple ‘Acer x freemanii’ Commonly called Freeman Maple the Freeman Maple is sold under the trade name of Autumn Blaze. It is an older cultivar that was discovered by nurseryman Glenn Jeffers in the late 1960s. This is an upright, fast-growing, deciduous tree that will typically grow 40-55 feet tall with ascending branching and a dense, broad-oval crown. Each medium green leaf is deeply cut with five pointed lobes. As the trade name suggests, the foliage turns into an autumn blaze of orange-red to scarlet-red fall color. Flowers and fruit for this hybrid are very sparse. It is a good specimen tree for the lawn, street or park, and has no serious insect or disease problems. Location in Village: 69 South Street; Mini Park drive to the high school 27 Black Locust ‘Robinia pseudocacia’ The Black Locust (also called Purple Robe) is a medium-sized tree, growing up to 80 feet with a relatively straight trunk and a crown of crooked branches. It is easily recognized by its leaves and paired spines up to1/2 inch long. The leaves of this tree are pinnately compound, which means one leaf has many (7 - 19) leaflets on one main stem. Leaflets are always paired, except for the one on the end of the leaf. Leaf color is bluish-green on top, and pale underneath. The entire leaf is 6 to 12 inches long. At night leaflets fold up and droop. Black Locust flowers are small, about 3/4 inch long, and pear-shaped. They each have five purple petals, and many flowers grow together in a droopy cluster, 4 to 8 inches long. This tree blooms in late spring. If flowers are pollinated, fruit will grow. Black Locust fruit pods are up to 4 inches long. Pods stay attached to the tree in winter, and each pod has up to 14 seeds in it. Although similar in general appearance to the Honey Locust, it lacks that tree's characteristic long branched thorns on the trunk, instead having the pairs of short spines at the base of each leaf; the leaflets are also much broader. Black Locust bark is light gray with deep furrows. The trunk is 1-2 feet wide. Location in Village: South Parsonage Street; Mill Street corner of South Parsonage; Chestnut Street (south side)