Nefertiti Project
Transcription
Nefertiti Project
LITTLE WARSAW | THE BODY OF NEFERTITI LITTLE WARSAW | THE BODY OF NEFERTITI LITTLE WARSAW | THE BODY OF NEFERTITI PREPARATION PROCESS Presentations during the preparation process Negotiations, theoretical elaboration FEBRUARY 13, 2003 Little Warsaw at the American University, Cairo APRIL 28, 2003 Zamek Ujazdowsky, Center for Contemporary Art, Warsaw OCTOBER 2002 The Body of Nefertiti is a project of Little Warsaw for the Hungarian Pavilion at the 50th Venice Biennale. APRIL 26, 2003 Little Warsaw at Art Moscow, Moscow MAY 06, 2003 IUAV University, dADI, Venice Professor Dietrich Wildung, director of the Ägyptisches Museum und Papyrussamlung, Berlin with the artists of Little Warsaw, András Gálik and Bálint Havas in front of the bust, and in consultation about the proposal at an office in the Museum. FEBRUARY 2003 Professor Wildung visits Budapest. Meeting in the Divatcsarnok’s Lotz Hall with the artists, the curator, Zsolt Petrányi and Dr. Ulrich Luft, Egyptologist, ELTE University, Budapest Presentation of the first small-scale version of the sculpture. MAY 07, 2003 O’artoteca, Milan, MAY 09, 2003 Fondazione Sandretto Re Rebaudengo, Torino MAY 22, 2003 Bürofriedrich, Berlin The artists with cultural historian and consultant on the project Eszter Babarczy and the curator at the public presentation of the project in Bürofriedrich, Berlin. An original size plaster copy of the Nefertiti bust was sent to Budapest to serve as a model for the body in progress. “The [Little Warsaw] became interested in popular and historical symbols, the chance to revitalize them, and put them in contemporary contexts. With such gestures Little Warsaw tries to establish a connection between the present and the temporality of art, as well as its potential for mediation, to get forms that ensure the references of the work are comprehensible to more than a selected minority.” (Petrányi, 2003) “This statue is one of the important sources of European cultural history and sculpture, even though it was created outside the continent. Its outsider position adds further meaning to the project of completing: this 3000 years old model of beauty has been contributing, ever since it was found and put on public display, to the European ideal of beauty… the artists who seek connections between the past and the present at the down of a new millennium take up a new position, a lookout point and open, non-Eurocentric system.” (Petrányi, 2003) Professor Dietrich Wildung speaking at the first public presentation in Berlin. MARCH 2003 The beewax model of the body under construction in the building of Divatcsarnok, which functioned as a sculptor-atelier and a public forum for discussions and exhibitions related to the project. “Shortly after we contacted the Berlin museum, it became obvious that the Nefertiti bust could not be moved from its present location. Little Warsaw’s original intention of presenting the entire configuration in the Hungarian Pavilion failed because of culturalpolitical problems of ownership.” (Petrányi, 2003) “Wildung admitted he was baffled at first when the two sculptors came to him with the idea of videotaping the bust sitting on the shoulders of their nude statue. But he said he decided it would be in line with the museum’s explorations of the influence of ancient art on modern artists.” Bryson, Donna: Egypt decries ancient bust on modern nude. AP, 18 June, 2003 LITTLE WARSAW | THE BODY OF NEFERTITI LITTLE WARSAW | THE BODY OF NEFERTITI UNIFICATION OF THE BODY AND THE HEAD MAY 26, 2003 ÄGYPTISCHES MUSEUM UND PAPYRUSSAMMLUNG BERLIN–CHARLOTTENBURG Bust of Queen Nefertiti 1340 B.C. from Thutmose’s workshop painted limestone, plaster, crystal, wax 49 cm height property of Staatliche Museen zu Berlin Ägyptisches Museum und Papyrussammlung ÄMP Inv. Nr. 21300 Little Warsaw | The Body of Nefertiti, 2003 life-size bronze, 140 x 37 x 25 cm in the private collection of Béla Horváth, Budapest “This is the phase in which the work is legitimated, the step that distinguishes creation from mere complementation, a symbolic ‘performance’ that validates the idea of a statue existing in two parts, in two places, by the act of joining these two parts.” (Petrányi, 2003) “The bronze torso actually met the Berlin bust only for a short moment,” Mr. Wildung said in a statement. “On May 26 the [torso] was united with the bust just for a few hours [in an] extraordinary moment of pure silence, without the public, exclusivly under the eyes of the artists, the curator and the director of the Egyptian Museum.” Vasagar, Jeevan: Egypt angered at artists’ use of Nefertiti bust. the Guardian June 12, 2003 “The idea was to create a headless statue that alludes to the Nefertiti but is a distinct and separate work of art, Mr. Wildung said. The headless sculpture in Venice holds the memory of the earlier encounter with the Egyptian head in Berlin.” Eakin, Hugh: Nefertiti's Bust Gets a Body, Offending Egyptians. New York Times, June 21, 2003 “The film provides an acute sense of the work being a freestanding sculpture, and of its complexity; it reveals more about the position of the assembled work than photos taken from selected angles.” (Petrányi, 2003) The unification process was recorded on beta-video and 16 mm color film. “Though the feel of ‘permanence’ made the bronze cast lose the quality, the body remained a shell, with thin covering. The female body thus became a vessel, which, in spite of metal, conveys a message of fragility.” (Petrányi, 2003) “Gunter Dreyer, director of the German Archaeological Institute, pointed out that the bronze torso was not actually nude but depicted wearing a gown like the ancient statue of Nefertiti. Dreyer said the institute was not involved in the matter, its only connection with the Berlin Museum being scientific research, rather than ‘science fiction’. Germany is ‘very aware of the value of the Nefertiti bust, which it has always protected and preserved over the last century’, Dreyer said.” Nevine El-Aref: Ancient beauty sabotaged. Al-Ahram Weekly, June 12, 2003, Issue No. 642 “The most controversial of all exhibitions this year was that of the painted bust of the beautiful Queen Nefertiti, which has been on display in solitary, stunningly dramatic surroundings in the Egyptian National Museum in Berlin since it was out of Egypt in 1924. The outcry was caused by the decision to allow the bust to be fused to a contemporary bronze body created by two Hungarian artists. The result was an outpouring of Egyptian and international anger. The deed was described by Egypt's culture minister Farouk Hosni as an act of sabotage and a reckless, irresponsible and unethical action. Dietrich Wildung, the Berlin museum's director, on the other hand, claimed that the placement of Nefertiti's bust atop a bronze torso was but a temporary promotional exercise and that the two Hungarian artists who sculpted the body meant it as an imaginative model of Nefertiti's physical body, which, by itself, would be exhibited temporarily at the Venice Biennale.” Nevine El-Aref: A bountiful year, Al-Ahram Weekly, 25–31 December, 2003, Issue No. 670 “The exquisite painted limestone bust has been on display in solitary, stunningly dramatic surroundings at the museum ever since. Two years ago, however, in a highly curious curatorial decision, two Hungarian artists were allowed to fuse the ancient bust onto a contemporary bronze-cast body for a few hours in an attempt to visualise how Nefertiti's body might have looked like.” Nevine El-Aref: Antiquities wish list Al-Ahram Weekly, 14–20 July 2005, Issue No. 751 “The short journey from its isolation in a glass case into the world of contemporary art effected a dramatic set of visual images. For a brief moment in the Egyptian Museum, Little Warsaw created a brilliant, complex installation piece: while mounted on a contemporary torso, the bust is reflected in the glass case where it normally resides in solitary confinement. Simultaneously seeing the bust as an active participant in a 21st century work of art and as a reflection in the case that segregates it from other objects and viewers raises a host of serious questions. It also demonstrates how Little Warsaw breathed life into the bust by the simple act of releasing it from a glass cage and joining it to an elegant body. In short, Little Warsaw’s appropriation and recontextualization of the bust, transforming it from an isolated icon to an integral part of a new work of art, provided an opportunity for the bust to convey new meanings 4,000 years after Thutmose created it.” Stephen Urice: The Beautiful One Has Come – To Stay, (unpublished conference paper, with generous permission of the author) LITTLE WARSAW | THE BODY OF NEFERTITI LITTLE WARSAW | THE BODY OF NEFERTITI “recording the bust sitting ont he shoulders of their nude statue is in line with the museum’s exploration s of the influence of ancient art on modern artists…” “dialogue with contemporary art” Dietrich Wildung “A homage to Nefertiti by means of contemporary art” Dietrich Wildung, the Guardian, June 12, 2003 “What Egypt’s reaction to The Body of Nefertiti makes clear, is that a return of the bust to Egypt would place it beyond the reach of contemporary artists such as Little Warsaw. The bust holds utterly no place in current Egyptian religious practice and no appreciable use in developing or maintaining current Egyptian national identity. Were it to be returned to Egypt, it would likely be isolated from the stream of creative expression to which it can contribute and from which it can derive new meaning. … the bust will be more accessible to living artists and more likely to remain where all great works of art belong – at the heart of the creative enterprises – if it remains in Berlin.” Stephen Urice: The Beautiful One Has Come – To Stay, (unpublished conference paper, with generous permission of the author) “I personally removed the bust from its case. The whole atmosphere was more like the veneration of Nefertiti than an insult to her. Everyone was awed into silence.” Dietrich Wildung, the Independent, June 12, 2003 Little Warsaw | András Gálik and Bálint Havas The Body of Nefertiti, 2003 Life-size bronze with the limestone bust of Nefertiti (1340 B.C.) May 26, 2003, Ägyptisches Museum und Papyrussammlung Berlin–Charlottenburg The Body of Nefertiti, 2003 excerpt from the 16 mm film and video recording DVD, 7 min., screening copy 50TH VENICE BIENNALE Hungarian Pavilion, the body on display “legitimate artistic experiment” The Body of Nefertiti, 2003 16 mm color film, max. 21 min. director: Kristóf Forgács cameraman: András Petrik production: EPS, Budapest, © Little Warsaw VENICE “Another strong though mostly overlooked pavilion was Hungary, where Little Warsaw (András Gálik and Bálint Havas) presented a film documenting the joining of an ancient and renowned bust of Nefertiti with a body created by the artists. The short and spare film presents a clear idea with layers of historical, political, cultural, and conceptual resonance. The economy of means excercised is admirable – and a real rarity in this Biennale” Melissa Dunn, Flash Art International, 10/2003 “Hommage á Nefertiti is the Hungarian contribution to the 2003 Venice Biennale, thematizing and querying the popularity of the Nefertiti bust exhibited in Berlin, through a statue the theme of which is the lack of the head. The opening on the statue is just appropriate for the bust to fit in. The conceptually presented lack of the bust endows it with virtual presence, producing a stronger impact than the physical unification of the statue and the bust for a few minutes at the Egyptian Museum of Berlin. The bust is documented separately from the statue, on a video sequence.” „Hommage á Nefertiti, der ungarische beitrag zur Biennale in Venedig 2003, thematisiert und hinterfragt die Popularität der Berliner Büste der Nofretete durch eine Statue, deren Thema das Fehlen des Kopfes ist. Passgenau ist der Raum für die Büste aus der Statue ausgeschnitten. Die progremmatisch vorgetragene Absenz der Büste gibt ihr eine virtuelle Präsenz, die stärker wirkt als die nur wenige Minuten dauernde physische Vereinigung von Statue und Büste im Ägyptischen Museum in Berlin, die in einer getrennt von der Statue gezeigten Videosequenz dokumentiert wurde.“ Dietrich Wildung Hieroglyphen! Der Mythos der Bilderschrift von Nofretete bis Andy Warhol, ed. Iris Wenderholm, SMB DuMont, Berlin, 2005, 59. p LITTLE WARSAW | THE BODY OF NEFERTITI LITTLE WARSAW | THE BODY OF NEFERTITI REACTIONS FROM EGYPT AKHBAR AL-YOUM, JUNE 7, 2003. “QUEEN NEFERTITI NAKED IN BERLIN MUSEUM” “The proud head of the Beauty of Beauties – for more than 5000 years the symbol of beauty and grace – now sits on the naked body of a woman, after being derided by satanic hands that have no regard for the majesty and value of this masterpiece. It has adorned the halls of the Berlin Museum ever since it was perfidiously stolen by vile hands from the bosom of its motherland, and now it has been distorted in an unprecedented manner.” (editorial) NEW YORK TIMES, JUNE 21, 2003 “The moral and scientific responsibility of the Egyptian Museum is at stake here. We don’t accept that such an important statue of Queen Nefertiti has been put in jeopardy for this silly project.” Mohamed al-Orabi, Egyptian ambassador to Berlin “I have been officially contacted by many art historians after they had seen some pictures on the internet, but they were unaware of this entire farce. They consider this the insult to Egypt’s history and the defacement of the bust of Queen Nefertiti, both because the bronze body will have harmful effects on the limestone head, and may cause it to crumble, and because a naked body – on which the beautiful head was placed – would not have been accepted by any archaeologist in the world. In my opinion, this museum is not safe for our treasures. The fact that these treasures are to be found in the Berlin Museum, does not mean that we do not concern ourselves about them. We are the ones responsible for the state of the treasures and the respect that is due to them. […] For this reason, Minister of Culture Faruq Hosni contacted the UNESCO’s general director, asking for immediate intervention to stop this disgraceful farce, while I wrote letters to the Egyptian ambassador in Berlin and the German ambassador in Cairo, asking them to intervene in order to stop the assault on Egypt’s national heritage.” Zahi Hawass, Secretary-General, Permanent Committee of the Supreme Council of Antiquities (SCA) “What has happened to Nefertiti’s bust in the Berlin Museum is the derision of great civilizations and the greatest crime ever committed against the Egyptian civilization and history.” Ali Radwan, former dean of Cairo University's Faculty of Archaeology “What has happened is the falsification of facts and reality. […] This is a bust and not the torso of a whole body sculpture. It was made in the Ancient Egypt to be a model for artists when forming sculptures of the queen. It cannot be amended.” Mohamed Saleh, former director of the Grand Egyptian Museum “The law of museums prohibits the interference of imagination into supplementing art treasures, and the rule of artistic attitude over history. […] No one has the right to force their own view on the manner of exhibiting such a unique historic art treasure as the sculpture of Queen Nefertiti, which is a masterpiece of Ancient Egyptian art and one of the most beautiful works of art in the world. That is, they have no right to supplement the sculpture with a naked body or anything else, because this does not adorn the sculpture, being beautiful as it is.” Mahmud Mabrouk, head of SCA’s Museums Department “This farce should be brought to a halt immediately. Archaeologists should make a decision on the kind of punishment to be imposed upon the perpetrators of such provocative behaviour, and we should take decisive steps to stand up against such acts.” Mahmud ad-Dumati, director of the Grand Egyptian Museum AL-BAYAN, JUNE 9, 2003. “I agreed with Foreign Minister Ahmed Maher that we establish contact at the highest levels with Germany, and lodge a protest against this unethical and ill-considered insanity. Furthermore, that we request the international community to exercise pressure on Germany. The bust is no longer safe in German hands. We’re going to ask for restitution of this statue in light of what has happened.” Faruq Hosni, Egyptian Minister of Culture Zahi Hawass is watching the film portraying the moment in which the bust is fitted on the bronze sculpture AL-AHRAM WEEKLY, JULY 10, 2003, ISSUE NO. 646 “As for Queen Nefertiti, the humiliation done to her will never be forgotten. How the authorities at the Berlin Museum could acquiesce to the idea of thus degrading the icon of Egyptian identity is inconceivable. Queen Nefertiti’s bust should be returned to her home – Egypt.” Zahi Hawass “Members of the Cultural- and Media Committee of the Parliament pointed out the fact that what had happened to Queen Nefertiti’s head at the Berlin Museum is none other than the derision of a unique work of art. […] Representatives said that this is a conspiracy against the Egyptian civilization, which refused the nudity, and the age of the pharaohs is witness to this.” AL-MUSTAQBAL, JUNE 11, 2003. “It was András Gálik and Bálint Havas who had formed the naked bronze torso wrapped in a thin cloth. The museum’s director affirmed that they had respected the dimensions of Nefertiti. […] Wildung added that the sculpture had been formed in accordance with the types of Egyptian art treasures. From another aspect, he pointed out that several of the works of art exhibited at the Cairo museum also depict naked women, so the problem is merely »confused nonsense«.” LITTLE WARSAW | THE BODY OF NEFERTITI BIBLIOGRAPHY PETRÁNYI, ZSOLT: The Body of Nefertiti, 50th Venice Biennale, Hungarian Pavilion Mûcsarnok | Kunsthalle, Budapest, 2003 (brochure) Articles from the Egyptian press (selection) Akhbar al-Youm, 7 June | http://www.akhbarelyom.org.eg/akhbarelyom/issues/3057/0900.html Al-Bayan, 8 June | http://www.albayan.co.ae/albayan/2003/06/08/mnw/27.htm Al-Bayan, 9 June http://www.albayan.co.ae/albayan/2003/06/09/mnw/33.htm Al-Mustaqbal, 11 June | http://www.almustaqbal.com/stories.aspx?CategoryID=12&IssueID=147 Al-Ahram, 16 June | http://www.ahram.org.eg/archive/2003/6/16/INVE8.HTM Qantara.de, 18 June | http://www.quantara.de/webcom/show_article.php/_c-367/_nr-15/_p-1/i.html ARABIC NEWS: Restoring Queen Nefertiti Statue, Head On Naked Women... Arabic News, 07. 06. 2003 ARABIC NEWS: Nefertiti Display Angers Archeologists. Arabic News, 13. 06. 2003 EL-AREF, NEVINE: Ancient beauty sabotaged. Al-Ahram Weekly, No. 642, 12. 06. 2003 EL-AREF, NEVINE: A bountiful year, Al-Ahram Weekly, No. 670, 25. 12. 2003 EL-AREF, NEVINE: Antiquities wish list Al-Ahram Weekly, No. 751, 14. 06. 2005 HAWASS, ZAHI: Tampering with Nefertiti. Al-Ahram Weekly, No. 646, 10. 07. 2003. LITTLE WARSAW | THE BODY OF NEFERTITI EXHIBITIONS 2003 2004 2004 2004 2006 SCREENINGS 2003 2004 2004 2004 2005 2006 Articles from the global press (selection) ANDRAS, EDIT: The Projects of The Hungarian Artist Duo Little Warsaw. Springerin, 2/2005 AP: Art project causes controversy. 6/2003 AP: Modern Art not Fit for a Queen. CBCNews.com, 17. 06. 2003 AP: Nefertiti art project sparks furor. The London Free Press, 18. 06. 2003 AP: Egyptians say Nefertiti display was a bust. 18. 06. 2003 AFP: Egypt asks for its history back, but its pleas fall on deaf ears. 14. 06. 2003 AFP: The two sides of Nefertiti. | www.cairolive.com, 21. 08. 2003 BABARCZY, ESZTER: Birth after the Death. Új Mûvészet, 5/2003 BACH, INGO: Kunstaktion mit nackter Nofretete ärgert Ägypter. Der Tagesspiegel, 10. 06. 2003 BERLINER KURIER: Aufregung um die nackte Nofretete. Berliner Kurier, 10. 06. 2003 BRYSON, DONNA: Setting ancient Nefertiti bust on bronze nude touchess off a tussle. AP, 17. 06. 2003 BRYSON, DONNA: Egypt decries ancient bust on modern nude. AP, 18. 06. 2003 BUCCIANTI, ALEXANDRE: Toute nue, la reine Néfertiti bouleverse l'Égypte. Le Monde, 10. 06. 2003 BUDDENSIEG, TILLMAN: Grenz verletzungen. Süddeutsche Zeitung, 15. 07. 2003 DEUTSCHE WELLE: Venice Biennale Opens with Enigmatic German Works. DW-Worlds.com, 15. 06. 2003 DIE TAGESZEITUNG: ...Nofretete? – Ägypter erregen. Die Tageszeitung, 10. 06. 2003 DITTMAR, PETER: Juwel vom Nil. Berliner Morgenpost, 10. 06. 2003 DITTMAR, PETER: Goodby, Nofretete?. Berliner Morgenpost, 10. 06. 2003 DPA: Ägyipten fordert Nofretete wieder zurück. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 11. 06. 2003 DUNN, MELISSA: The Venice Biennale: Slouching Toward Utopia. Flash Art International, 10/2003 EAKIN, HUGH: Nefertiti's Bust Gets a Body, Offending Egyptians. New York Times, 21. 06. 2003 FORBES, DENNIS: KMT, vol.14, No.3 Fall 2003 FOWKES, MAJA & REUBEN: Displaced Monuments and Deconstructive Strategies. Umelec International, 3/2005 HADIK, ANDREA: Nofretete – auf ungarishe „Art”. Budapester Rundschau, 21. 05. 2003 HANSEN, LOTTE: Nofretete auf eigenen Füßen. Berliner Morgenpost, 31. 05. 2003 HANSEN, LOTTE: Nofretete auf eigenen Füßen. Die Welt, 31. 05. 2003 HALÁSZ, TAMÁS: Nefertiti’s body: Hungary at the Biennale. Budapest Week, 7/2003 HOCHMEYER, BORIS: Retourkutsche aus Cairo. Art, 8/2003 JLAU: Ägypten sorgt sich um Nofretete. Die Welt, 10. 06. 2003 KOCH, BETTINA: War Nofretete nackt? Bunte, 26. 06. 2003 CARMICHAEL, LACHLAN: Bust of Queen Nefertiti sparks Egypt’s anger. 14. 06. 2003 PREUSS, SEBASTIAN: Kopf und Körper. Berliner Zeitung, 10. 06. 2003 PATERSON, TONY: Egypt vents fury at German museum for using Nefertiti bust in ’pornographic’ video. 12. 06. 2003 STEYN, JULIET: Reviews A Chance Encounter. Third Text, Routledge, Volume 18, Number 4, July 2004 SAPA–DPA: Ancien Egyptian beauty sparks a war of words. | www.iol.co.za, 10. 06. 2003 TONIDES, ALEX: Stirring Up the Past. Egypt Today, September/2003 VASAGAR, JEEVAN: Egypt angered at artists’ use of Nefertiti bust. The Guardian 12. 06. 2003 VETROCQ, MARCIA E.: Venice Biennale. Art in America 10/2003 The Body of Nefertiti, 50th Venice Biennial Hungarian Pavilion Hot Destination | Marginal Destiny II., House of Art, Brno Hot Destination | Marginal Destiny III., Galéria Jána Koniarka, Trnava The Nefertiti Project, Het Domein, Sittard Eine Person allein in einem Raum mit Coca-Cola-farbenen Wänden, Grazer Kunstverein, Graz Biennale Office – Divatcsarnok, Budapest Little Warsaw 2002–2004, Galerija VN, Zagreb (HR) Little Warsaw 2002–2004, Galerija Balen Slavonsky Brod (HR) Little Warsaw 2002–2004, Galeria Jána Koniarka Trnava (SK) Little Warsaw 2002–2005, CAC–Vilnius (LV) The Peninsula an Artist Film – Video Anthology Singapore History Museum, Singapore CONFERENCES 2003 2004 2005 2005 Public Art or Public Monument, Art Theory and Media Research Institute, ELTE University, Budapest Urice, Stephen: The Beautiful One Has Come – To Stay The Harris Institute for Global Legal Studies of Washington University, Imperialism, Art & Restitution Conference at Washington University School of Law in St. Louis, Missouri András, Edit: Education of the artist – Control by the art community? S.V.A. Conference, NYC Barnabás Bencsik, The Mousetrap, An international conference on dealing with institutions in contemporary curatorial practice, Wyspa Institute of Art, Gdansk BROADCASTING AND DOCUMENTARY FILMS 2003 2003 2003 2004 Stefanowsky, Michael (ed.): Interview with Dr. Dietrich Wildung after the Unification. ZDF Television Harris, Emily: Nefertiti. 'Weekend Edition' NPR Radio, 06. 07. 2003 Nackte Nofretete, 'Kulturzeit', 3Sat, 13. 06. 2003 Davies, Karen: Pharaoh’s Revenge – Egypt’s Lost Treasures. Stewart Prod., Discovery Channel, 49’37” The Nefertiti-project, documentary video director: Kristóf Forgács, production: EPS, Budapest (unfinished) NBK Neuer Berliner Kunstverein Chausseestrasse 128 | 129 10115 Berlin-Mitte Tel +49 30 280 70 20 | Fax +49 30 280 70 19 [email protected] | www.nbk.org edited by Barnabás Bencsik selection from Egyptian press, edited and translated by Ádám Mestyán english translation by Dániel Sipos designed by drez | solid photography © Little Warsaw | Lenke Szilágyi | Zsolt Petrányi Published by NBK | ACAX–Hungarofest All right reserved © Little Warsaw and the authors Published for Treffpunkt | Meeting Point NBK on March 22, 2006 related to the exhibition High-Angled Lowland – Current Art from Hungary, March 10 – April 23, 2006, as the supplement of the catalogue.