Indonesian Silver

Transcription

Indonesian Silver

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Indonesian Silver
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Indonesian Silver
Introduction
To introduce a number of Indonesia’s potential products which are spread in almost every province,
TREDA has organized a series of effort to collect and analyze the relevant information related to the potentials and specific advantages of each of the products.
With pride and joy, TREDA offers this booklet, entitled “Indonesian Silver: Dazzling the Imagination“, to
readers who wish to know more about the relevant information. Indonesia is a country with rich cultural
heritage and long tradition of metal craftsmanship. This booklet presents an exploration of the history
and characteristics of silver crafts as well as its splendor and ingenuity.
Indonesia, with a rich cultural heritage offers the world variety of silver craftsmanship for the people
to enjoy. The readers will find interesting background information around this attractive product. A better
comprehension on its background will enhance the readers’ awareness and knowledge of these attractive Indonesian silver jewelry and silverware.
We sincerely hope that readers would enjoy this booklet as much as we have in preparing for its publication.
Muchtar D
Director General
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Trade Research and Development Agency (TREDA)
Minister of Trade
Republic of Indonesia
Message
It is our great pleasure to share with you one special type of numerous product lines belonging
to Indonesian creative industries, in this particular case, silver. As a country situated at the cross-road
between two oceans and two continents, Indonesian culture displays a unique mix shaped by long
interaction between original indigenous customs and multiple foreign influences. Each design of Indonesian silver is unique and has its own story. The creativity of Indonesian people has given birth to
numerous attractive art forms.
Silversmithing has run through generations and generations. Each production center in every silver city has its own specialty in making silver design. The success of Indonesian silversmiths in producing traditional and contemporary silver designs has served as the driving force for the revival of
Indonesian industry. The basis of the advancement is international competitiveness which is mainly
focused on quality and design.
This book has been developed to improve Indonesian share in world market. This booklet presents background information on Indonesian silver crafts for the readers to appreciate. Dedicated to
everyone that appreciates the beauty and attractiveness of Indonesian silver, this book will give vivid
images of the elegant atmosphere created from Indonesian sterling silver.
Mari Elka Pangestu
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CONTENTS
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Silver in Human History
Silver was one of the first metals used by human being.
Silver has always been a valuable metal ever since it was
discovered long ago before 4000 BC.
Its popularity has done nothing but grow steadily
throughout the ages as it possesses a unique ability to be
able to keep with the current fashions of the times.
Silver has been used in the currency of many countries and powers of the world. However, the
basic most notable use of silver is its beauty and appeal as an item of jewelry.
The art of metal work arrived in Indonesia in the Bronze Age from Southern China and Southeast Asian areas. The Chinese are said to have improved refining of silver around 2500 BC to make
it even more charming and sought after, as well as easier to excavate. Bronze drums, dated from
as early as the fifth century BC, have been found throughout the archipelago, and some of them
are believed to have been cast in Bali. Indeed, the most famous of these drums, the massive
Moon of Pejeng, still rests in Bali on a temple pavilion in the village of Pejeng. The drums were
cast in the lost wax style and in stone molds. Beads of glass, carnelian, shell, silver, gold and other
metals have been found in Bronze Age sites as well.
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The earliest metal jewelry was primarily copper with some gold, silver and “suwasa”, which is
one part gold and two parts copper. Metal age graves reveal gold necklaces, hairpins, beads and
rings. Initially, raw gold made its way to Indonesia from China and India but eventually gold was
found in Sumatra, which became famous for its jewelry and dagger hilts.
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In Indonesia, the people of Sumatra and Java had been practicing rice cultivation with irrigation and the use of the buffalo-drawn plow. The accumulation of wealth which ensued encouraged the refinement of many art forms, including jewelry making. By AD 1000, gold and silverwork in Java had reached a level of artistry as high as that of the bronze caster. The abundance of
gold was documented by a Chinese trader who reported in 1225 that Javanese criminals, except
for thieves and murderers, were not imprisoned or subjected to corporal punishment but fined
in gold.
The word “sterling” has been used to mean high-quality silver since the 1200s. At that time,
the coins of England had decreased in value and contained only a little silver. The only European
coins that contained large proportions of silver, were those made by the merchants of the Hanseatic League, a group of trading cities in Northern Germany. These coins were called “Easterlings”
to distinguish them from the low-silver alloy coins of England. English speech contracted “Easterling” to “Sterling”. The quality of silver known as sterling later became used for commercial silver
as well as for coins. The standard for English sterling was set in the 1500s by Queen Elizabeth I. It
is now accepted as a standard all over the world.
During the new world era in Indonesia there has been a significant influx of silver and goldsmiths from the island of Java. Modern Javanese silversmiths specialize in fine filigree work, a
style of shiny flat surfaces and clean, streamlined joints. In contrast, Balinese silversmiths specialize in granulation, in which minute spheres of silver are arranged in beautiful geometric patterns.
Many designers today want motifs that combine the Javanese and Balinese traditions. Accommodating them requires cooperation and cross training.
Silversmiths craft many art objects from silver. The metal is also used by the electrical and
equipment industry for wire and other items, because silver conducts electricity better than
do other metal. Doctors use thin plate, wires and drainage tubes made of silver during surgery,
because silver helps kill bacteria. Silver compounds also have many uses. Compounds of silver
include silver nitrate, silver bromide and several silver oxides. Silver nitrate is one of the few water-soluble silver compounds, and is used to make silver plate and silver mirrors. Silver bromide
plays an important role as the light-sensitive chemical in photographic film. Manufactures of
batteries use silver oxides in small, powerful batteries that are used in calculator, hearing aids
and watches.
With all the mining of silver throughout the world came different styles and different ways
to wear silver. Silver has always been known to enhance the beauty of precious stones such as
diamonds when they’re set into a ring or necklace. Many powerful men and women throughout
the ages would wear magnificent silver jewelry items to show off their power.
In every generation the “Master Smith” would select from his apprentices those best qualified for training necessary to be a jeweler or silversmith. The less skilled craftsmen stayed in the
“minor leagues” and became blacksmiths or bronze workers.
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The Fine Art of
Silverwork
The uniqueness of Indonesian craftsmen is in their skill, which is
passed from generation to generation. Traditional craftsmen in one
village usually have expertise to produce similar crafts. Because a lot
of people run similar crafts, a village would develop to become a craft
center. Besides choosing various crafts, buyers and art devotees can
enjoy natural scenery or the uniqueness of a village, and they can also
watch directly the process of craft making.
Characteristics of Silver
Silver occurs in the metallic state, commonly associated with gold, copper, lead, and zinc. It
is also found in some 60 minerals including: argentite (a sulfide), cerargyrite (a chloride), many
other sulfides and tellurides. Silver has many names, French called it Argent similar with the Italian named it Argento or Latin word Argentum and Spanish word for silver is Plata.
Silver can be hammered into sheets so thin that it would take 100,000 of them to stack an inch
high. It can be drawn into a wire finer than a human hair. It is this ductility (or ability to be formed)
that makes silver the wonderful art form that it is.
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Silver can be shaped by hammering, spinning, or drawing - it can be decorated with etching,
chasing, or engraving - sterling silver is the queen of metals. There is no substitute. Through the
centuries, the silversmith or goldsmith has, by a process of elimination, become the most highly
skilled craftsman in the world today.
Articles of sterling silver are solid silver through and through. Sterling is 925 parts out of a
thousand pure. Silver stamped “sterling” must be 925 parts of pure silver in every thousand parts
of metal. The additional 75 parts out of a thousand are to add stiffness and durability as pure
silver is quite soft.
Sterling is the most hygienic metal known to man. It has actual germ killing properties. It
is also the most durable art form and the most economical purchase that can be made for the
home. Sterling silver grows more beautiful with the passing years, never wears out, and can be
passed along as part of a heritage that grows stronger with passing generations.
Indonesian silverworking is
so refined, as seen in this
highly elaborate and elegant
ornament in a kris, a traditional Indonesian dagger,
usually used by aristocrats
for their mythical powers and
symbolic meanings.
General silverwork process
The production of a piece of high-quality silverware involves many steps. The process begins
with an artist’s design. Working from the design, silversmith makes a steel tool called a die, which
forms sheets of metal into desired shapes. The shapes are then trimmed, buffed to remove any
roughness, and polished repeatedly o bring out the metal’s natural luster.
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A Model
A Steel Die
Trimming
Polishing
Created by carving
a design from sketch
into clay or plaster.
It will serve as the
pattern for the die
For every piece is
carved by hand. A
blank piece of silver
is pressed into the
die to imprint the
design
To remove excess
silver from around
the edges of the
piece
Rubs out small
imperfections. The
piece is held against
to rotating wheel and
policed with oil.
Cosmetic
Treatment
Final
Inspection
Rubbing the piece
with powder to bring
out shimmering
highlight
Ensures that the
finished piece is free
from flaws.
Types of Silver
There are two types of silver craft in general; Filigree and Solid Silver. Filigree or silver wire is
a silver product that is made from silver wire and created or formed to be miniature, jewelry or
accessories. Solid silver craft was made from solid silver or silver bar of 100% pure silver and 7,5%
copper are mixed into one, it is then pattered to get a bar with 92.5 % of silver level. It is the best
standard level in making silver crafts. Please note that 100% pure silver cannot directly be used to
make silver objects, as it can caused the final results to become unqualified, loose and fragile.
In general there are three stages in silver craft process of production: material preparation,
production and finishing. However among those three stages there are detail of process of each
stage and the sequences in production stage can be differ between silversmith in each silver
production center.
In order to make good quality of silver craft, good quality of material is needed. These materials are pure silver--a grain of 99.9% silver; copper, to be added because pure silver might be too
soft; silver powder (made from mixed copper and silver), the function is to connect or stick silver;
and alum to boil and clean silver craft in finishing
The first step of making silver craft is to make silver bars by mixing silver and copper. This ob-
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ject would be mixed into kowi (fushion bowl) and boiled in melting stove until the silver and the
copper melted and mixed and then poured into casting mould to form a silver bar. There are two
types of silver bars: small and big silver bars. Small silver bar formed a cylinder with diameter of
1 cm and lenght of 15 cm. These small bars are used to make filigree. Big silver bars in the form of
square with 2 cm thickness and 15 cm length and 4 cm width are used to made solid silver.
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Through the centuries, the silversmith or
goldsmith has, by a process of elimination,
become the most highly skilled craftsman in
the world today.
Indonesian Silver
Filigree Silver Products
From the small silver bar, the next step was to make silver fiber using press machine to get the
correct diameter. Then the bars had to be minimized using the draw plate to get certain diameter
fiber. Draw plate is stainless bar with holes, each holes has different diameter. This process need
to be done many times to get the expected diameter of fiber, from thin fiber until thick fiber.
From the process above, the silversmith gets very soft silver fiber. It needs to be twisted using
twist wheel to be a wire (thicker fiber). These silver wires are the material used for making silver
craft. The next step is to make design using the brass plate. The wire is used to build pattern according to the design. The silver then must stickled on thin paper such as greaseproof paper. It
will be poured by silver powder all over its surface according to its motif and melted by solder.
These processes need to be done very carefully in order to get the high quality of silver design.
The filigree silver is ready to be crafted according to the original masterpiece design. All process
need to be done fast otherwise the silver fiber/wire will be influent, only high skilled silver smith
can make it.
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Solid Silver Products
First thing to be done is to make a big silver plate. Silver bar needs to be hammered to get
suitable width and thickness. To make it softer, the silver is pressed by press-machine. After getting the wanted size, the next step is drawing a motif using pencil. Then, cut the silver and hammered it to get arc shape or wanted curved. The silver is ready to be crafted with other silver
pattern or to be carved or filled by jabung then carved according to the design (depend on the
model and design). To design a motif on silver, we can use pencil and by using hammer and
carving nail we can carve the silver. The whole process needs very accurate and detailed design,
wrong doing causing difficulties in repairing silver. After carving jabung, it has to be pulled out
by melting it then soften it by sandpaper to clean and to enlighten we use polished machine.
Finally silver product is ready.
After silver product is ready, it needs to be cleaned in order to wash dirts from burning and
soldering. To clean the silver, we need to boil and burn it again to re-enlighten the color of silver.
To whiten the color, boil it using alum. Or use Lerak fruit to wash it until we get the sparkling color
and polish it again using polishing machine.
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Silver Treatment
It is very easy to clean silver for treatment. You can use silver polish or detergent or foam of
lerak fruit. First, soak the silver in hot water for 5 minutes. Then brush it with detergent or lerak
foam. Using soft tooth brush, scrub it gently. Last, rinse under running water and dried it well.
Silver is ready to use.
Silver tarnishes when exposed to air. This occurs more quickly in damp weather, but is inevitable in any climate. Store your silver in treated cloth (or tissue paper treated with silver nitrate
will deter tarnish) or lined cabinets, never in plastic bags with rubber bands.
Polishing silver while wearing rubber gloves promotes tarnish. Instead, choose plastic or cotton gloves. Silver has enemies, rubber, corrodes silver and it can become so deeply etched that
only a silversmith can repair the damage. Raised designs can be lost permanently. Avoid using
storage cabinets or chests with rubber seals, rubber floor coverings or rubber bands to wrap your
silver items. Other enemies of silver include salt, olives, salad dressing, eggs, vinegars, fruit juices.
In other words do not mix acid and Silver.
Silverware may be washed in a dishwasher but the patina on fine silver or silver plate can only
be enhanced by the rubbing that occurs when washing and drying by hand. Hollow handles
may be loosened with exposure to heat and detergent in the dishwasher. If washing sterling
silver and stainless steel flatware in the dishwasher do not put in the same basket section or let
one metal touch the other, or the silver may be permanently damaged. To clean off tarnish, coat
the silver with tooth paste, then run it under warm water, work it into sfoam and rinse it off. For
stubborn stains or intricate grooves, use an old soft bristled tooth brush. You don’t have to buy
an expensive commercial polish unless you want to. Fine whiting, available at paint stores makes
an excellent polish. Dampen a soft cloth with a little ammonia or denatured alcohol (flammable),
dip it in whiting and apply like any other polish.
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Variety of Sparkling Silver
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Silverware
The first man-made spoons were made from wood, bone or horn. Wood was, for the longest
time, the material of choice. Knife and spoon were considered personal property and were carried by each diner in a special pouch that was attached to the belt. To eat solid food, people
used their fingers or the tip of the knife. During the Middle Ages, in the monasteries, eating
habits began to change for the better. In the Renaissance, people began to rediscover some of
the pleasures of life, influenced largely by contact with the Orient. Eating was elevated to new
heights. The fork is the youngest member of the silverware family, originated in the Orient. It
has been on our dinner table only for the last few centuries. The knife’s history dates back
to the Stone Age, when it was used for hunting as well as for eating. Liquids were drunk by
hunters and gatherers who used hollow-shaped natural products, such as shells.
People who knew how to cook were in demand. Carving (done with fork and knife) became an art form, and eating utensils were decorated. Silverware also changed: it became
lighter, knife tips became more rounded (the fork had taken over the job of
piercing), and knife handles became longer.
In later centuries people began to consider knife, fork,
and spoon as a set and decorated them accordingly,
manufacturing a dozen or more of them
at a time. It became a custom to give a
set of silverware to each guest. The introduction of coffee and tea encouraged
social gatherings, which in turn resulted in
new pieces of silverware: coffee, tea, and mocha
spoons, sugar tongs and cookie tongs. Many of the
special utensils that are still in use today came into being
during the Renaissance, such as fruit, dessert, fish, oyster forks
and soup ladles. It seems as if the history of silverware is also the history
of our culture. Food is not only one of life’s necessities, but it is also one of life’s
most pleasurable experiences.
You can create an elegant atmosphere in your dining room by decorating it with silver tableware. Sterling tableware is divided into two categories called flatware and hollowware. Flatware
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is the “knife, fork, and spoon” category of silver as hollowware means the bowls, dishes, candlesticks, etc. You can find any kind of silver products in Indonesia. With high skilled silversmith,
every product can be made as you wish.
Silver Jewelry
Sterling silver jewelry personifies the individualistic approach to style. It can be casual and
comfortable and, at the same time, elegant and timeless. An opulent choker, elegant pendant
or hair ornament of traditional white or pastel colored pearls set in sterling silver are luxurious
and fashionable gifts the groom might consider giving the bride. Sterling silver wedding rings
are also very popular right now. Surprise the bridal party with delicate silver and stone drop or
stud earrings, a classic bangle bracelet or hoop earrings updated with pearl accents, or a simple
strand of pearls or beads with a personalized charm. Accessories to be worn on the wedding day
are particularly appropriate, but choose items that will be used
and enjoyed after the festivities are over. Sterling silver adds
elegance to any occasion and the frequent use of sterling actually reduces tarnish and helps it to develop a
glow or patina, which enhances its beauty.
It used to be thought that only women were interested in shopping, especially in the area of jewelry and
accessories—but no more. Men are becoming the largest growing segment of shoppers behind the traditionally
strong female shopper and the increasing teen population. Men’s interest in silver accessories and jewelry
is on the rise. And since the old adage “clothes make
the man” is true, it’s also true that accessories make the
clothes.
Not only are men shopping for gifts, but there has
also been an increase in men’s jewelry purchases for
themselves. Sales of men’s sterling silver jewelry and accessories are on the rise, with cufflinks being most popular. French cuff shirts are back in fashion, calling for dressier,
upscale, as well as refined novelty cuff links and stud sets in
cigar, martini, automobile, golf, computer and many other motifs. Men have indulged in the silver craze and are shopping for
accessory items such as sterling silver key rings, money clips, collar
stays and belt buckles. Especially popular are pieces that celebrate
a
hobby or favorite sport. Luxurious looking sterling cigar, pen, bar and
d e s k
accessories are also status collectibles.
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Modern Application of Silver
With its appealing, cool and crisp white luster, sterling silver jewelry combines the endurance
of a precious metal with mysterious ability to adapt to fashion’s demands. Silver’s pure white
color is flattering to all skin tones.
The unlimited selection of designs available, from modest and traditional to bold and dramatic, allows you to build a vast and personalized silver jewelry wardrobe as varied as your every
mood, style and budget. In Indonesia , silver products from Kotagede, Central Java, vary from accessories product, utility product to decorative product. Silver products from Celuk, Bali, mainly
concentrate in accessories product and tableware.
Modern application of silver has a huge variety nowadays. The applications not only limited
to jewelry but also spread as unique and exclusive ornaments for many items. Many silversmiths
make combination between silver and other unusual raw material like cockle, wood or fossils in
order to create masterpiece of silver craft.
Sterling silver is an important part of the holiday season. It adds shine to a tabletop, serves as
the perfect gift and complements festive and glamorous holiday attire. You can create a winter
wonderland by dusting the table with artificial snow and decorating it with silver candlesticks.
Combine festive green and red candles and a glitter of ornaments. Let your own creativity make
for a party that dazzles. Go silver for sparkle.
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The Development of
Indonesia Silver Centers
Indonesia with its history has left the people with many
traditional arts, including silversmithing. Since long time ago
the development of silver business has showed a good sign.
Some towns even declare themselves as the original silver
town however since the business is rising, many other towns
try to follow and has made its success story.
Silver Centers in Indonesia
Silver Center
Regency
Province
SME
Center of Silver Craft
Gianyar
BALI
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Center of Silver & Brass Craft
Kulungkung
BALI
31
Center of Silver & Brass Craft
Karangasem
BALI
45
Yogyakarta
YOGYAKARTA
30
Center of Silver Craftmen
Yogyakarta
YOGYAKARTA
253
Center of Gold & Silver Craft
Ponorogo
EAST JAVA
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Lumajang
EAST JAVA
30
Hulu Sungai Selatan
SOUTH KALIMANTAN
49
Mataram
WESTERN NUSA TENGGARA
115
SOUTH SULAWESI
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NORTH SULAWESI
31
Center of Metal/
Silver Craftmen Pangkajene Kepulauan
Manado
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Source: www.sentrakukm.com
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Beside names of silver centers mentioned above, there are still many other silver centers unrecorded scattered in Indonesia provinces.
Kotagede
Filigree is typical Javanese silver crafts with traditional and
complicated design that cannot
be found elsewhere.
It is about 5 km southeast of Yogyakarta to reach an old town called Kotagede. This old town
was the center of Islamic Mataram Kingdom. Even until today the historical proof of the Mataram
Kingdom exist, such as old buildings, the palace gate and Sapto Renggo cemetery (where the
first king of Mataram kingdom buried).
Besides the old building and the inheritance ancient from Islamic Mataram Kingdom, peoplecould also see the other historical inheritance which were well taking care from time to time such
as the art of making silver craft. Kotagede with its silver crafts, which is widely known by local as
well as overseas consumers. It has become a sort of brand image to the tourists paying a visit to
Yogyakarta. What’s more interesting is that its making process of silver jewelry is still in traditional
way with typical Yogya carving style.
Long before being known as a center for silver craft, Kotagede was once the capital city of the
first Mataram Kingdom. The first king named Panembahan Senopati received the land that was
still in the form of deep and wild jungle called Alas Mentaok from the Pajang Sultanate. Silver
craft developed in order to fulfill the needs of jewelry and other accessories for the King and
King’s relatives.
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In the 16th century, the East India Company (Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie - VOC)
first made their venture in Yogyakarta and they had placed orders for household articles made
up from gold, silver, copper and brass from Kotagede’s craftsmen. Since the order for silver craft
were increasing, the Dutch Government built a special institution to keep and to enhance the
quality of silver craft. The institution gave training of the technique of making silver craft and
developed the market. The institution was called “Stichting Beverdering van het Yogyakarta Kent
Ambacht”.
The silversmith can be found everywhere in Kotagede. Start from Kotagede market to the
town’s Great Mosque, shops are seen offering their various silver products. There are at least four
types of products: filigree (its texture with holes), inlaid work (with stuck out texture), casting,
and handmade like rings and pendants. Filigree is typical Javanese silver crafts with traditional
and complicated design that cannot be found elsewhere.
Most Kotagede’s silver craft ornaments are under the influence of well-known batik cloth motives. The prices vary depending not only on size, weight, but also the artistic values and complexity in the making process.
The silversmith has run through generations. Formerly the craftsmen were only a few in num-
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bers, merely it was because that they meant to meet the king and his family’s orders for jewelry
and other accessories only. But nowadays, the business has recorded a very fast growth. However, the thing that remains unchanged until today is its typical characteristic on how they make
their craft products simply by relying on hand skill.
Bali
The Majapahit Empire of Java began colonizing Bali in the 14th century. (The Majapahit imposed a caste system on Bali with themselves on top and the original inhabitants of the island on
the bottom). By the beginning of the 16th century Bali became a sanctuary for Hindus forced out
of an increasingly Islamicized Java. As the Majapahit Empire crumbled, there was a huge influx
into Bali of Javanese noblemen and craftsmen, and Bali became one of the main centers of precious metal craft.
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The area where most of Bali silver products originated is in the outskirts of a village called
Celuk. Celuk has a tradition of metal work that stretches back many generations. Its craftsmen
catered to aristocrats in the nearby court town of Gianyar and the noble houses of Sukawati
and Ubud. Historically, the Royal Courts of Bali were avid patrons of the arts, which they used as
expressions of their sacred and temporal power. The Dutch sea captain Arnoudt Lintgens, who
visited the court kingdom of Gelgel in east Bali in 1597, was impressed by the lavish display of
exquisitely fashioned gold ornaments including parasol fittings, lances and daggers.
The Balinese have several traditions concerning the origin of goldsmiths. Ancient Hindu lontars (books of inscriptions written on leaves of the lontar palm)
tell of the mythical history of the arts. In one, the gods are sent to Earth to
teach men civil behavior. The god Mahadewa trained the goldsmiths
and silversmiths while Sang Citra gave them specific instruction in
jewelry making. Smiths who worked with precious metals were
called, “pande mas,” goldsmiths, from then on. In another inscription, a Brahmin from Majapahit named Empu Sari first taught
the Balinese to work gold. Yet another calls the first goldsmith
Sang Mangkukuwan, eldest son of Vishnu.
Although most smiths come from the lowest ‘sudra’ caste, Balinese metal smiths have always been held in awe. The word ‘pandai’
means both ‘smith’ and ‘clever’. A group of smiths from Singaraja, in
the northern part of the Island, trace their line back before the immigration of the Majapahit Javanese. Another clan of smiths consider
themselves as direct descendants of Brahma, the fiery Hindu God. The symbolic importance of precious metals in Hindu cosmology is reflected in the belief
that the triple peaks of Mount Meru, the abode of the Gods and the center of the world, are
made of gold, silver and iron.
Balinese smiths still produce beautiful gold ornaments for domestic use but the majority of
production is silver work for the export market. International demand has grown so rapidly that
new centers of production have sprung up in Denpasar and Kuta. In recent years, Celuk has absorbed young people from diverse backgrounds who train and work side by side with others
whose families have been working with precious metals for hundreds of years.
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It’s quite complicated to trace back historical backgrounds of Celuk, a famous center for silver
craft in the resort Island of Bali. Silver craft in Celuk has started with the ancestors of Soroh Pande
clan. They crafted jewelries in the form of hairpin made up of silver and gold, which were used
for traditional rituals. But, due to soaring gold price and material scarcity, the jewelry for ritual
purpose had been supplanted with those made up of silver, whose price was relatively cheaper.
And since then, silver has been used to substitute material for making other sort of jewelries.
The earliest Balinese silver jewelry designs were copies of traditional gold jewelry. The Balinese use beautiful repose silver bowls and implements for their temple offerings but for jewelry
they prefer gold, and would rather go without than wear silver. As a result, silver jewelry developed only recently and has always been an export product. As the market for silver grew, there
was pressure to diversify and motifs from many cultures were quickly diffused through the community of smiths. The use by artisans of multicultural motifs is an ancient practice. Gold jewelry
found from early Egypt, Greece, Phoenicia, Persia and later Rome, all display motifs borrowed
from one another.
While in the ancient world migration and Phoenician traders were responsible for slowly diffusing ideas, the process has become almost instantaneous with the advent of television, airplanes and fax machines. Today, buyers come to Bali from all over the world. Designers flock to
the island as well. They are drawn by the sympathetic environment as much as by the skill of the
craftsmen.
Bali seems to nurture creativity. Silver craft from Bali is different from other towns, it has more
contemporary style as mixed between traditional and western style. Well noted from I Nyoman
Rupadana the Head of Gianyar Silver Association, there are many serious buyer eager to learn
Indonesian language in order to be able to communicate well with the silversmith and in return
it also force people to learn English to be able to communicate with the buyer.
Bali Export HS 711311
JEWELRY AND PARTS THEREOF, OF SILVER
(US$)
60.000.000
40.000.000
20.000.000
Bali
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Source : Ministry of Trade / ITC
Bali Bombing caused a huge effect in doing silver business in Bali, many producers lost orders.
However, the touch of Balinese style in silver craft is having its own charm. It did not take a long
time for silver business to return to life. Nowadays, many of home industries produce works for
foreign designers, but the creative process is always a collaboration in which the influence of the
Balinese craftsmen is readily apparent in the finished product.
29
Indonesian Silver
Lombok
Similar to the development of crafting of gold and pearl in
West Nusa Tenggara, silver craft also experience significant growth.
The escalating number of existing silver home industries, especially in
Lombok Island, are supporting each other for finesse in terms of quality and
designed product.
In general, silver craft in Bumi Gora is made for accessories and ornament of gold and pearl.
This potency recieves the support from the provincial government of West Nusa Tenggara and
also the local district government in the form of intensive construction through training. This
training is given so that all craftsmen have additional knowledge about the production process
in crafting silver.
Though there are several famous silver towns in Indonesia, West Nusa Tenggara products can
still compete against other silver products from other areas. Strive to come up with difference
unique design and newest innovation, silver from West Nusa Tenggara can make good market
penetration in and abroad. West Nusa Tenggara as centre of pearl development has made a
great synergy with silver craft industries. Silver craft home industries can be found in Lombok Island such as in Sekarbela, Kamasan and Monjok in Mataram; and also in Sakra and Pancor in east
Lombok. So far there are 410 silver home industries registered with 1000 workers.
West Nusa Tenggara as centre of pearl development has
made a great synergy with
silver craft industries
30
Indonesian Silver
Lumajang
Lumajang own the pre-eminent product promising to be developed. Silver product from
Lumajang has been known better in and also abroad for its wellness in design and also its quality. The production capacity reach a minimum of 8 tons of silver annually and has been exported
through Yogyakarta and Bali. Top 3 biggest foreign buyers for Lumajang silver are Canada, Australia and Japan. Pulo, Gesang, Besuk and Jokarto is some of silver villages in Lumajang.
There are many silversmiths in Desa Pulo, Kecamatan Tempeh, Lumajang, East Java. Though
in this village the order of silver craft is merely up and down, the production is still exist. Even
now the silver fever has spread to other villages.
No Silver Centre
Village
District
1
UD Lokananta
Besuk Village
Tempeh
2
Putut
Besuk Village
Tempeh
3
Alkafi
Pulo Village
Tempeh
4
Arjosilver
Pulo Village
Tempeh
5
Rooby Silver
Gesang
Tempeh
6
Jumarto Siver
Jokarto Village
Tempeh
7
Maghfiro Silver
Jatisari
Tempeh
8
Karya Abadi
Gesang
Tempeh
It started from one famous silversmith from Desa Pulo named Iskak who opened his first silver
business in 1940 with only 7 workers helping him. He brought this village into success as silver
producer and won an award from the government.
Slowly but surely, silver home industries develop to more serious and sustainable source of
income for people in Desa Pulo. Now there are 296 registered home industries with more than
1100 workers. You can find silversmith in every houses in Desa Pulo, Lumajang, East Java.
31
Indonesian Silver
Jagalan, Bantul
Not so far from Yogyakarta there is Bantul Regency, located in the middle of southern side
of Yogyakarta Province which has a quite prospective potency to be developed. One of them is
Silver Craft Center located in Jagalan Village.
You will find two attractive things when you are walking in Jagalan. First, you will find many
shops that sell silver crafts, second you will look ancient buildings. It is not surprisingly, because
in past time Jagalan was a city of kingdom and Islam Mataram Palace. Seemingly, Bantul government realizes much of the region potency and builds Jagalan as silver craft center and tourism
village then.
Jagalan is a region, which is located in Banguntapan district, Bantul. Most people work as silver crafters. The beauty of its silver craft has been known well either internal or external country.
It is proved by a lot of orders from internal country, such as Bali, Jakarta and Yogyakarta. While
from outside the country, those orders are from America, Italy, Singapore, Thailand and Japan.
“We always have orders, either internal or external country”, Samsudin, one of success crafters in
silver craft world says.
There are more 40 silver crafters who use 5 kilograms of silver bars every month at that area.
Most of silver crafters at Jagalan never get formal education of silver craft knowledge. According
to Mulyati Hartowiyono, who is also silver crafter, they got their expertise hereditarily and from
32
Indonesian Silver
experience of reading silver craft book. The products are various such as rings, bracelet, necklace, pendant, earrings, brooch, wall decorations, miniatures such as kereta kencana (golden
cart), becak (pedicab), dokar (cart pulled by horse), kapal (ship), animal, etc. The product price is
vary, start from Rp 3.000 for a ring, to Rp 1.600.000 for big wall decoration.
Kotogadang
Kotogadang is actually a small village located close to one of the most famous tourist attractions in West Sumatra, Ngarai Sianok. The village belongs administratively to the IV Koto (Ampek
Koto) district of Kabupaten Agam. The predominant local ethnic group is Minangkabau. This
village can be reached by a half an hour walk through the canyon from Bukittinggi or with a local
bus via Galudua juncture in Koto Tuo on the road to Lake Maninjau, which is only two kilometers
from Koto Gadang. Many households are also involved in the production of embroider and silver.
There are many houses with a signboard ‘Silverwork’ in front of it.
From word of mouth, silverwork has been started since the epic Pagaruyuang era. When sailing through country Langkasuka, King’s crown fall to the sea. With the science and its skill, Kotogadang craftmen succeed to make its duplicate. The King was so happy have the crown back.
This story is representing the eldest source of early silversmith in Kotogadang. Silver craft has
become source of income for long time ago. Its consumer came from middle to upper social
class. As a gold and silver smith, the craftmen can have promising life. In the 18th century, all
craftsmen were included in “Majelis saudagar yang dua belas” ( an association for businessman)
and had a very respectful place.
Silver has been used as substitute from gold but nowadays the user of silver is progressively increasing and type of silver products is vary. Famous businessman
from kotogadang like H.M Syarif, H. Jaafar opened artshop in Bukittinggi, Medan and Jakarta. They also followed international exhibition, all token of appreciation can be seen in Amai Setia building Kotogadang. Today, Amai Setia Foundation is the center
of Silver Crafts from all silversmiths in Kotogadang.
Type of silver craft is varied with very good quality control. The designs are taken from nature, such as
animal, plant and flowers, this is in line with Minangkabau philosophy that nature is the teacher. The art shop
provide souvenir for tourist like bracelet, ring and other small
product besides traditional products of Kotogadang such as
ampiang pendant, manic batanak. Only high skilled silver
smith is able crafting the traditional Koogadang products.
Silver craft has faced up and down season. The Golden age
has gone, the first trial happened in 1930 because of economy crisis almost all craftsmen suddenly jobless. To counter
33
Indonesian Silver
The design of Minangkabau
silver taken from the nature
such as animal, plant and
flowers, this is in line with
Minangkabau
philosophy
that nature is the teacher
the situation Kotogadang citizen established Kotogadangsch Filigrain Wok (KFW) or Kotogadang
Silver Company. The first organization had 70 members and obtained capital from sale of stocks.
This quick action gave a great impact, a lot of improvement and craftsmen can be saved. Unfortunately, the Second World War has made the good progress change into quick fall. Then many
craftsmen started to sell their products to third party directly without through KFW.
The third trial on 1998 has made the situation even worse, economy crisis and serious fog
problem causing a drop in the number of tourists to West Sumatra, and therefore a reduced
revenue.
Blitar
Manual labor with enough potency that developed by Blitar regency is cananga oil, coconut
sugar, wood lathe, nuts chips and silver jewelry. From all of the five kinds of commodities, the
ones that can reach export markets are cananga oil and silver jewelry. Cananga oil is mostly sold
to European countries (France, England, Germany), America, Japan, Singapore. The silver jewelry
are bracelets, earrings, rings, necklaces and brooches, which are mostly marketed to Australia,
34
Indonesian Silver
New Zealand and Japan.
Jakarta
As the capital of Indonesia, Jakarta is also the main gate for many buyers who look for Indonesia products. Though it is unknown to ordinary people, Jakarta has a strong silver industry.
Mostly working in jewelry making, Jakarta houses some of the country’s most advance silver
workshops. Unlike other provinces which have silversmiths that are steep in tradition, Jakarta is
modern. Its industry is a result of creativity and forward-looking vision of its leading players.
Jakarta Exports of Silver Jewelry
HS 711311
(US$)
20.000.000
15.000.000
10.000.000
DKI Jakarta
5.000.000
0
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Source : Ministry of Trade / ITC
One of the unique brands born out of this creative process is Batik Silver. Fully
produced and designed in Jakarta, Batik Silver is an innovative way of connecting
modern jewelries to the ancient cultural root of the people. Living up to its name,
Batik Silver takes traditional batik motives like Kawung and Parang, usually found in cloth, and
implement them in rings, necklaces, and earrings.
Batik Silver is nearly unknown in domestic
market. The producer designed
it to cater to foreign and upscale
taste. All of their productions are
exported to established markets in Europe and North America.
35
Indonesian Silver
Jambi
Jambi, the island of Sumatra is known as Suarna Dwipa or the
Island of Gold. Therefore the local government is trying hard to
arouse awareness among craftsmen to be more creative. It used to
be tourist came to Jambi wanted to get local ornament all they could
find was only angso duo motive. Nevertheless, it was the old story. Now
Jambi’s ornament is more diverse with special Jambi’s pattern.
The local government through National Craft Council in the province gives full support to
all gold and silversmith to get new ideas and more creative by organizing training and follow
handicraft event.
Kendari
Kendari is located in South East Sulawesi. In this city you will find a silver craft with the name
Kendari Werek. Mostly the people work on silver jewelry related to cultural need. However, to
meet the customer need, they also make jewelry for souvenir purpose. The skill of making silver is brought by a man with the name of Jie A Woi from Kwang Tong province, China, back to
more than 100 years ago. She is inspired by a spider when he first time created a silver craft. A
Woi product was very famous. One of his customer is Queen Elizabeth from England and Queen
Wilhelmina from the Netherland who ordered his product. As appreciation for Jie A Woi work, in
the middle of 19th century the Queen sent certificate of appreciation to him.
36
Indonesian Silver
37
Indonesian Silver
Modern elegant bracellets designed by Runi
Palar has been exported to the world.
Indonesian Silver Centers
KOTOGADANG
JAMBI
PALANGKARAYA
LOMBOK
JAKARTA
38
Indonesian Silver
BLITAR
YOGYAKARTA
LUMAJANG
GIANYAR
Regency
Province
Gianyar
BALI
Kulungkung
BALI
Karangasem
BALI
Yogyakarta
YOGYAKARTA
Ponorogo
EAST JAVA
Lumajang
EAST JAVA
Hulu Sungai Selatan
Mataram
SOUTH KALIMANTAN
WESTERN NUSA TENGGARA
Pangkajene Kepulauan
SOUTH SULAWESI
Manado
NORTH SULAWESI
MANADO
KENDARI
39
Indonesian Silver
Indonesian Silver in Trade
40
Indonesian Silver
Since 1987, Indonesian export has been dominated by non oil and gas. The change is due to
some new deregulation and policies issued by the Indonesian Government. These deregulation
and policies have enabled the producers and exporters of non-oil commodities to improve and
increase their production and export.
In 1998, the value of non oil and gas reached 83,88 percent of total Indonesian export including exports from creative industry. After the economic crisis, Indonesian export has risen again.
For the last five years, Indonesian export has shown an increasing trend. In 2007 the Indonesian
government through Ministry of Trade started to give more support to creative industry which
is part of non-oil and gas commodities. This creative industry is commodities that rely on human
skills. Indonesia owns diversity in culture and heritage, that is very competitive than those of
foreign designs.
That is why business units especially in the field of jewelry are asked to increase competitiveness by creating design innovation in order to follow market demand. Many countries can make
silver jewelry or silverware but handmade Indonesian silver for both jewelry and silverware; Indonesia has its own beauty.
Top 20 Producers
of Raw Silver Materials in 2007
(millions of ounces)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Peru
Mexico
China
Chile
Australia
Poland
Russia
United States
Canada
Kazakhstan
Bolivia
Sweden
Argentina
Indonesia
Turkey
Morocco
Iran
India
Guatemala
Uzbekistan
112.3
99.2
82.4
62.0
60.4
39.5
38.0
37.3
25.8
22.7
16.9
9.4
8.5
8.2
7.5
7.1
3.1
2.9
2.8
2.8
Source: The Silver Institute
41
Indonesian Silver
History of Silver Price
From the table bellow you can see the silver price reaches the highest price in 2007 per ounce
from the last 10 years. It means doing silver business worldwide is still promising.
Historical Silver Prices from 1997 - 2007
London Fix
(US dollars per ounce)
Year
High
Low
Average
16
2007
15.82
11.67
13.39
14
2006
14.94
8.83
11.57
12
2005
9.23
6.39
7.22
2004
8.29
5.50
6.65
2003
5.97
4.24
4.85
2002
5.10
4.24
4.60
6
2001
4.82
4.07
4.37
4
2000
5.45
4.57
4.95
2
1999
5.4811
5.0315
5.2182
1998
7.8100
4.6900
5.5442
Source: The Silver Institute
10
8
0
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
The predicate of silver jewelry producer has long been stuck to Indonesia that has exported
the products to numerous major markets in the countries around the world, such as Singapore,
the United States, Hong Kong, Germany, United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Japan, Italy and
Denmark. Data from International Trade Center (ITC) suggests that Indonesia ranked 14th in the
world as exporter of articles of jewelry and parts thereof, silver, whether or not plated or clad
with other precious metal (HS 711311). In the United States, world’s largest importer of silver
jewelry products, Indonesia sat at 6th rank of supplier after Thailand, China, Italy, Mexico and
India. Indonesia also ranked 6th as jewelry supplier to Hong Kong, while in Italian market, Indonesia ranked 9th, in German and the UK market, Indonesia ranked 10th, and in Japan’s market,
Indonesia ranked 15th.
Today, Mexico and Peru still produce the most silver in the world. Australia comes in a distant
third. It’s said that 1/5 of all the silver in the world comes from Mexico. Silver occurs in deposits
42
Indonesian Silver
of native metal and as silver ores. Native silvers mines provide only a small amount of the world’s
silver. The most common silver ores contain the mineral argentite or the compound silver sulfide.
Silver often occurs along with such metal as copper, gold, lead and zinc. Mining obtain 80% of
the world’s silver as by-product of mining and processing these metal.
Global Supply and Demand of Silver
From the demand side, Western countries still rank high on the list of
consumers, with US topping the list. On the supply side, the fabrication
of silver jewellerry and silverware is dominated by Asian countries with
more than half of world production.
Top Ten Jewelry Consuming Countries
(Milion ounces)
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
USA
46.7
46.1
49.6
51.8
52.6
53.7
India
24.8
28.9
19.7
19.2
11.1
14.7
Germany
10.2
10.7
11.0
11.7
11.8
12.0
Italy
10.5
11.3
11.3
11.6
10.9
9.5
Mexico
6.8
7.1
8.2
9.3
8.9
9.1
Japan
5.2
5.8
5.8
6.1
6.6
7.0
UK & Ireland
3.7
4.5
4.9
5.1
4.9
5.1
France
3.9
4.1
4.1
4.5
5.0
5.0
Poland
3.1
2.7
2.5
3.2
3.5
3.9
Canada
2.6
3.1
3.2
3.4
3.4
3.6
Source : The Silver Institude
World Silver Fabrication : Jewelry and Silverware
(Million ounces)
COUNTRY
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Europe
86.2 77.0 71.9 70.4 66.7 61.5
North America
28.4 27.4 29.3 32.4 33.2 33.5
Latin America
4.5 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.3 4.6
Middle East
13.7 11.6 12.5 13.3 14.1 13.2
Indian Sub-continent
76.3 96.1 68.2 67.9 41.5 43.3
East Asia
53.6 58.6 60.1 67.2 72.7 74.4
Thailand
30.8 32.7 32.3 36.2 36.9 36.8
China
9.1 11.5 14.3 17.1 20.5 22.6
South Korea
4.9 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.7
Indonesia
3.7 4.7 4.0 4.1 5.2 4.5
Other East Asia
5.0 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.4 5.8
Africa
1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2
Oceania
0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7
CIS 1.5 1.9 2.4 3.2 4.2 5.1
266.2 278.5 250.2 260.3 238.7 237.5
WORLD TOTAL
Source : The Silver Institude
43
Indonesian
Indonesian Silver
Silver
Indonesian Export by Country of Destinations
Top five Indonesian destinations for Indonesian silver jewelry are Singapore, United States,
Germany, Hongkong and Thailand.
HS: 711311
COUNTRY
SINGAPORE (in US $)
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
15,083,804
11,949,418
11,424,394
14,794,427
20,502,110
UNITED STATES
3,824,564
5,942,671
19,238,255
14,131,181
17,921,027
GERMANY 1,036,552
2,103,351
1,245,818
1,378,404
5,109,694
HONGKONG
2,476,642
1,180,199
222,223
476,553
6,245,257
THAILAND 189,436
304,083
561,821
2,100,820
3,060,398
UNITED KINGDOM 586,177
1,137,752
1,047,641
708,973
1,126,440
THE NETHERLANDS
428,452
535,428
465,612
695,069
957,442
ITALY 347,320
317,999
657,604
795,079
861,186
-
14,759
108,243
946,230
1,108,514
TURKEY JAPAN 351,325
137,916
278,855
311,691
826,747
Others
901,141
1,419,315
1,755,310
1,763,844
3,020,058
25,225,413
25,042,891
37,005,776
38,102,271
60,738,873
Total
Source: Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics
BASE METALS CLAD WITH SILVER, NOT FURTHER WORKED THAN
SEMI MANUFACTURED
HS: 710700
(in US $)
COUNTRY
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
226,482
925
1,977
527
14,573
JAPAN 11,323
389
-
12
228,371
FRANCE 43,275
30,879
1,208
12,065
-
UNITED STATES
GERMANY -
-
1,448
18,869
21,995
77
13,825
654
71
15,559
252
60
2,191
2,810
17,348
ITALY 1,936
325
6,877
8,596
2,617
SINGAPORE 8,198
-
-
302
3,015
98
270
2,300
7,784
-
-
-
-
487
5,997
15,033
4,006
4,093
7,858
2,869
306,674
50,679
20,748
59,381
312,344
THE NETHERLANDS
AUSTRALIA 44
Indonesian Silver
NETHERLANDS ANTILLES BRAZIL Others
Total
HS: 711311
COUNTRY
(in US $)
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
15,083,804 11,949,418 11,424,394 14,794,427 20,502,110
USA
3,824,564 5,942,671 19,238,255 14,131,181 17,921,027
GERMANY
1,036,552 2,103,351 1,245,818 1,378,404 5,109,694
HONGKONG
SINGAPORE
2,476,642 1,180,199 222,223 476,553 6,245,257
THAILAND
189,436 304,083 561,821 2,100,820 3,060,398
UK
586,177 1,137,752 1,047,641 708,973 1,126,440
THE NETHERLANDS
428,452 535,428 465,612 695,069 957,442
ITALY
347,320 317,999 657,604 795,079 861,186
-
14,759 108,243 946,230 1,108,514
JAPAN
351,325 137,916 278,855 311,691 826,747
OTHER COUNTRIES
901,141 1,419,315 1,755,310 1,763,844 3,020,058
25,225,413 25,042,891 37,005,776 38,102,271 60,738,873
TURKEY
TOTAL
Indonesian Export by Province
There are many silver craft centers in Indonesia scattered in many towns and cities, however
not all of them can export on their own through their local government. The gate for export
mainly comes from Indonesia big cities and it also creates a longer value chain for the silver
industry itself.
The tradition of jewelry craftsmanship has vaulted Indonesia to the position of 10 world’s
biggest jewelry exporters for especially silver jewelry category. Indonesian jewelry craftsmanship mainly stems from Kotagede, a small town in Yogyakarta Province and Celuk, a small district
in Gianyar Regency, Bali. Both give their best silver jewelry products contribution to Indonesia.
SILVER, SEMIMANUFACTURED
HS: 710692
PROVINCE
(in US $)
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
4,260,059
973,233
-
1,115,390
1,487
R I A U
-
3,240
-
-
20
LAMPUNG
-
184,790
-
-
-
CENTRAL JAVA 9,528
4,908
8,000
-
-
EAST JAVA 7,051
1,083
-
-
-
105
3,990
-
6
-
4,276,743
1,171,244
8,000
1,115,396
1,507
D K I JAKARTA
B A L I
Total
45
Indonesian Silver
HS: 711311
(in US $)
PROVINCE
B A L I
D K I JAKARTA
EAST JAVA 2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
18,903,844
17,346,252
18,352,565
28,575,012
41,918,487
5,071,350
5,602,539
12,002,967
8,113,179
18,364,609
702,975
1,921,135
6,478,215
1,405,626
418,307
SOUTH SULAWESI -
11,565
-
-
36,172
431,216
5,682
14,176
3,776
1,242
NORTH SUMATERA 3,074
5,251
21,464
-
56
EAST KALIMANTAN -
-
78
-
-
CENTRAL JAVA SOUTH KALIMANTAN 1,153
-
-
-
-
34,101
11,343
12,709
-
-
EAST NUSA TENGGARA -
-
107,527
-
-
SOUTH SUMATERA -
116,899
-
-
-
R I A U
23,022
-
130
672
-
PAPUA
1,390
-
-
-
-
J A M B I
-
-
466
2,029
-
LAMPUNG
-
22,225
15,479
1,792
-
D.I. YOGYAKARTA
CENTRAL KALIMANTAN Total
53,288
-
-
185
-
25,225,413
25,042,891
37,005,776
38,102,271
60,738,873
BASE METALS OR SILVER, CLAD WITH GOLD, NOT FURTHER
WORKED THAN SEMI MANUFACTURED
HS: 710900
(in US $)
PROVINCE
2003
2004
D K I JAKARTA
2,444
38
B A L I
46
Indonesian Silver
EAST JAVA R I A U
Total
2005
2006
2007
307
-
5,582,309
65,265
-
487,845
2,765,433
9,148
90,073
-
-
-
3,199
-
-
-
240
-
92,555
307
487,845
8,347,982
77,612
BASE METALS, SILVER OR GOLD, CLAD WITH PLATINUM,
NOT FURTHER WORKED THAN SEMIMANUFACTURED
HS: 711100
PROVINCE
(in US $)
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
D K I JAKARTA
-
-
-
-
21,467
CENTRAL JAVA -
-
-
-
134
SOUTH SULAWESI -
-
-
33,896
-
R I A U
-
-
242,659
3,850
-
B A L I
15,936
70
5,988
5,876
-
EAST JAVA Total
1,961
1,965
-
-
-
17,897
2,035
248,647
43,622
21,601
ARTICLES OF SILVER (OTHER THAN JEWELRY), WHETHER OR NOT
PLATED OR CLAD WITH OTHER PRECIOUS METAL
HS: 711411
(in US $)
PROVINCE
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
3,647,858
2,409,775
4,127,804
7,785,014
1,542,829
EAST JAVA 212,477
152,110
104,287
66,823
138,782
D K I JAKARTA
460,851
219,213
315,100
300,481
115,783
D.I. YOGYAKARTA
3,505
4,653
11,523
15
2,595
NORTH SUMATERA 6,251
-
-
-
-
WEST SUMATERA -
3,322
-
-
-
R I A U
-
36,004
-
-
-
7,440
1,878
3,089
571
-
-
1,984
-
2,187
-
3,128
-
-
-
-
4,341,510
2,828,939
4,561,803
8,155,091
1,799,989
B A L I
CENTRAL JAVA LAMPUNG
CENTRAL KALIMANTAN Total
47
Indonesian Silver
48
Indonesian Silver
Silver
Indonesian
Unique Selling Points of Indonesian Silvercrafts
Quality Advantages of Indonesian Handmade Silver
Silversmiths are very skillfull, resulting hand made products that are high in quality and art.
Also, several silver cities in Indonesia have their own superiority. These cities are tourist destinations which will ease the promotion cost of the handicraft itself. Tourist with a purpose in doing
tour only could also do business with the locals.
Availability of Skilled Craftsmen
All silversmiths gain experience and knowledge from training and apprenticeship that has
been done from generation to generation, therefore it is not odd if silver art shop businesses
are businesses that run from generation to generation until several generations. In some cases it
has reach the 5th generations as silver entrepreneur. In every silver town, it is easy to find skillfull
craftsmen. This business has its own charm even for the youngsters. In every silver town, training
always given by the community to keep and increase silversmith availability.
Various Types of Unique Design
The Unique Selling Point of all Indonesian silver is the traditional touch that will never be
found elsewhere. Many places in the world also make silver jewelry and silverware but Indonesian traditional motifs exist only in Indonesia. Even from one town to another, it has different
cultural motif related to its history. From the jewelry, houseware and many other modern application of silver, there must be traditional touch that gives more value.
Availability of Raw Material
The increasing value of world silver actually indicates a promising sign for silver handicraft
industry. Fashion trends that use a lot of silver complexities nowadays also give opportunities
and resulting in the silver handicraft product demand. Indonesia which is number 14 as silver
producing countries in the world supposedly open the opportunities for silver craftsmen in receiving basic materials and produce more silver products.
Challenges
Not all craftsmen realize the importance of international certification for product process
(ISO) and in registering their patent design for silver products, resulting in the design being patent by other craftsmen from other countries. Continuity of supply of basic silver materials presents an obstacle for many craftsmen. Longer lead time in process production is also another
problem, because most silvercrafts from Indonesia are hand-made.
49
Indonesian Silver
Classic problems occur in almost every small and middle enterprise (SMEs) in Indonesia: the
problems are lack of capital and product distribution or marketing. Foreign entrepreneur seems
to be more powerful than local entrepreneur because they have mastery of the distribution
channels which the local doesn’t have. As a result many talented local people end up as an employee for the foreigners.
Basic silver materials that keeps fluctuating is also a challenge of itself and the validation
of VAT 10% in buying basic materials through an appointed companies (ANTAM) also burden
craftsmen. Craftsmen financial readiness also varied, therefore financial capital is also the main
obstacles. Even though VAT 10% doesn’t apply to export products but craftsmen have to pay VAT
10% at the beginning when buying basic materials and not all craftsmen understand the real
export procedure on whether they could request restitution for VAT paid.
The domestic politics and security instability gives a significant effect to the continuity of silversmith because most of silver cities are also tourist destinations. This result in a decrease of
tourist and a decrease of handicraft silver profit. Silver craft business really relies
on foreign buyers. This is proven by the movement of foreign buyes
to other countries like Thailand, China and Vietnam. Actually those countries have a lower quality than the Indonesian silver. They use mass production machine in making silver products. The biggest competitor is coming
from Thailand as the nearest country to Indonesia. The circulation of silver basic materials in the foreign black market with
a competitive price could damage silver handicraft market price
between craftsmen and resulting in an imperfect competition among silver
handicraft businesses. If silver business cannot give the silversmith a proper
life, we have to be afraid that we are going to lose another Indonesian heritage
as people don’t want to be a silversmith again.
Theres a flux of entrance of foreign entrepreneurs to Indonesia which take over many
silver businesses and supported by a strong capital base and extensive network distributions. These foreign entrepreneurs could eliminate small silver handicraft businessmen. Many
50
Indonesian Silver
has raised concerns that in the future these local craftsmen cannot survive on their own even in
running the business on their own and only rely on foreign entrepreneurs that open their businesses in Indonesia. So, Indonesian craftsmen position lies below these foreign entrepreneurs
who received most of the profits and not the domestic craftsmen.
Role of Government
Economic democracy system appears into the business enterprises such as small enterprises,
cooperation and informal sectors. Real posteriori indicates that these institutions cannot develop well because of limited capital access, skills, technologies, management and weak in accessing government policies, also hard to compete with big enterprises. Naturally, these issues will
hamper small medium business enterprises (SMEs) from developing and informal sectors into
becoming big enterprises.
By looking at the real weakness of Small and Medium Enterprises (SME’s) and cooperatives
and the conditions that could hamper their development, it seems that an alternative institution
need to be created in order to provide help to small medium business enterprises (SME) and
cooperatives in their development.
Venture Capital Institutions
Until now there are more that 24 Venture Capital Institutions (Lembaga Modal Venture/ LMV)
that were built by the government which are spread all over the country. Venture Capital Institutions will become more important because they are related to government eagerness in paying
more attention in managing and developing private sectors in small and medium enterprises
(SME) because these two groups of players are hard to be developed into a strong enterprise
which could compete with other economic players. Even according to Central Statistics Bureau
(BPS), from 34 millions small enterprises none of them can develop into medium enterprises
because of big enterprises in each business sectors. Quantitatively, large number of Small and
Medium Enterprises (SME’s) and cooperatives need a close attention in developing it seriously.
Government’s political will in giving its attention to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)
needs to be supported because their success can be used as a strong foundation in increasing
the national economy. It can also decrease social and economic gap that could create instability
within the society.
Main problem that SMEs are facing is weak access in getting capital fund. Main capital fund
originating from bank loan is burdening SME because of high interest rate. On the other hand
increasing production and marketing its products could not cover the interest rate. Besides that,
entrepreneurs have to provide physical collateral which seldom are hard to provide.
For sure the government has acknowledge this issue, proven by the policies and concepts
that are issued by the government in order to help and push on the development of SME. At
51
Indonesian Silver
first, the government support on small credit loan, KMKP and those programs since 1991
have changes into Small Business Credit. With this program, banking has to provide 20% of its
credit for Small Business Credit . Also State Owned Companies have to provide 1-5 % of their profits to small enterprises. Besides that, since 1980, the government have apply partnering concept
between big entrepreneur as a godfather and SME as their sons.
Because of price fluctuation in basic raw material of silver in practice these programs shows
a promising result. All policies that has been issued by the government didn’t feel sufficient
enough to build and support SME development because problems that SME’s are facing doesn’t
only lies on limited capital fund, but it is more than that. If this problem is not instantly handled,
without any doubt that gap and competitiveness between small/middle entrepreneurs with big
entrepreneur will get wider.
Therefore the role of venture capital fund companies in developing small and medium business enterprises need to be optimized so that small and medium business enterprises and cooperatives that received aid can give profit in interest, dividend, management fee, also an increase
in stocks.
Training Center
Besides capital problem, regeneration of high skilled silversmiths is also serious problems.
What has happened in Kotogadang is one of the example of how really serious the regenerations
problem. The government needs to reawaken silver industries in the area where the number of
silversmith is in decrease and in the area where there are potential human resource is available.
Jambi is one of the good example, through National Craft Council it arouse people awareness in
doing silver business as a silversmith. If Training Centers (Balai Latihan Kerja) can actively trained
people in silvercrafts, we still can preserve our heritage in silvercrafts made in Indonesia.
52
Indonesian Silver
Role of local government is very important to absorb workers from informal sector. So they
also have a hope though they don’t have enough formal education background they still can be
a successful person as a silversmith.
Foreign entrepreneurs seem to hijack high-skilled silversmiths to work for them and left the
locals. This attitude resulting local people as a worker or low class people compared to the foreigners as the boss. What we want is to create qualified local entrepreneurs that are able to do
business internationally. The main business will be conquered by the foreigners if government
does not do anything to prevent this thing from happenning.
Promotion Assistance
The Government holds an important role in developing SMEs to preserve the national heritage through its representatives in the province. The institutions give assistances to arouse community awareness about the potential craft in the community and acts as the motivator. This
institution also supports its networking and take the member go for promotion in and outside
the country. In other words the local government open the way to introduce the product to the
outsider. Such as follow International Jewelry exhibition in Hongkong and Las Vegas.
53
Indonesian Silver
List of Silver Exporters
AL MUKHLIES SILVER
Jl. Pramuka No. 5-D, Umbulharjo Yogyakarta 55161 Phone : (62-274) 385971 / (62-274) 385971 Web : www.almukhlies.com
Contact : Ir. Muhibbin, MM
DIANA SILVER
Jl. Nyi Pembayun No. 11, Kotagede Yogyakarta
Phone : (62-274) 7111326 / (62-274) 383281
Email : [email protected] / www.dianasilver.net.tf ALIA JEWELERY
Jl. Kemang Raya 2H Hotel Kemang Jakarta Phone : (62-21) 7194121, 7201747 ext. 754 / 7265080, 7194131
email : [email protected] Contact : Amaruddin Uma Ngali
EKA SILVER GOLD & JEWELRY, PT
Jl. Kemayoran Baru No. 5 Surabaya Jawa Timur 60175
Phone : (62-31) 3553277, 3553278 / (62-31) 3526270 Email : [email protected], [email protected]
Web : www.ekasilver.com Contact : Abd. Mudjib
ANSOR`S SILVER
Jl. Tegal Gendu No. 28 Kotagede Yogyakarta 55173 Phone : (62-274) 373266,371305,388317 / 382258, 388317 Web : ansor`[email protected] Contact : Eka Rusdiana ,Suryatin A. S.
ANTING, CV Jl. Jati Padang III/36 Rt 06 Rw 03 Jati Padang Ps.Minggu JakSel
Phone : (62-21) 7181763, 7193952 / (62-21) 7193951 Web : [email protected] Contact : Indah Kurniasih, Vonny Hartono
ARISTYA GOLD & SILVER
Jl. Raya Celuk, Sukawati Gianyar Bali 80582
Phone : (62-361) 295233 / (62-361) 298174
Web : [email protected]
Contact : I Ketut Sunarya, Ni Made Wartari
ARTISTICA JEWELRY, PT
Jl. Raya Tenggilis No. 54 Surabaya Jawa Timur 60292
Phone : (62-31) 8438391, 8438706 / (62-31) 8414875 Web : [email protected] / www.artisticaindo.com Contact : Cindy Linata
BALI SILVER TREASURES
Jl. Raya Batu Bulan No. 23, Gianyar Denpasar Bali
Phone : (62-361) 297597 / (62-361) 297894
Email : [email protected]
Web :www.balisilvertreasures.com
Contact : Haryanto Halim
BANDEM COMMUNITY OF SILVER SMITH Br. Sengguan, Ds Singapadu, Sukawati Gianyar Bali 80582
Phone : (62-361) 298688, 298693, 294176 / (62-361) 298688 Email : [email protected] / www.bandemsilver.com
Contact : I Made Kardita Bandem
BOROBUDUR SILVER
Jl. Menteri Supeno No. 41 Yogyakarta 55162
Phone : (62-274) 374037, 374238 / (62-274) 375439 Email : [email protected], [email protected]
Web : www.borobudur-silver.com
Contact : Selly Sagita
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Indonesian Silver
DALAS SILVER
Alun-Alun Kg III/7 Kotagede Yogyakarta
Phone : (62-274) 370678 / (62-274) 370678
Contact : Dalmono Budi S.
DEDE`S SILVER
Jl. Gianyar No. 18, Celuk, Sukawati Gianyar Bali 80582
Phone : (62-361) 298184 / (62-361) 298184
Email : [email protected] / www.dedesgold.com Contact : I Putu Pande A. Saputra
FAJAR SURYA CIPTA, CV Jl. Pendawa 24 Menteng Dalam Jakarta
Phone : (62-21) 8295937 / (62-21) 8295937
Contact : Faizah
HASTA KARYA HANDYCRAFT
Jl. Mardani Raya 13, RT 002/05, Kel. Johor Baru Jakarta
Phone : (62-21) 4202864
Contact : Drs. M. Saleh ZA
HS SILVER 800-925
Jl. Mondorakan No. 1 Rt 35/07, Prenggan,
Kotagede Yogyakarta 55172
Phone : (62-274) 375107, 370725 / (62-274) 377872 Email : [email protected]
Web : www.hssilver.com
Contact : H. Suryadi
I WAYAN SUDIARTA GOLD & SILVER
Br. Celuk Sukawati Gianyar Bali
Phone : (62-361) 295165 / (62-361) 295166
Contact : I Wayan Sudiarta
IDOLA PRIMA SILVER
Jl. Imogiri Barat Km 4 No. 127, Bangunharjo, Sewo Bantul D. I.
Yogjakarta
Phone : (62-274) 419808 / (62-274) 419808
Contact : Mulya Dipakusuma
INDARTI SILVER
Jl Raya Celuk No. 3, Celuk Sukowati Gianyar Bali 80585
Phone : (62-361) 298172 / (62-361) 295427
Email : [email protected] / www.balisilvers.com Contact : Putu Gde Wiracita
INTI GARMINDO PERSADA / RENY FEBY JEWELLERY, PT
Jl. Pualam Raya No. 31, Sumur Batu, Kemayoran JakPus 10640
Phone : (62-21) 4247548 / (62-21) 4241540, (62) 816834111 Email : [email protected]
Contact : Okkeu Rachmat Solichin
LED STUDIO, CV Jl. Bisma 9X, Legian Kaja Kuta Bali Phone : (62-361) 757702 / (62-361) 757701 Email : [email protected] / www.ledstudioshop.com
Contact : M. Teguh Roziadi
LEO SILVER
Jl. Raya Batuyang No. 99 Gianyar Bali Phone : (62-361) 299129 / (62-361) 299129
Email : [email protected] / www.leosilver.com
Contact : Ayu Oka
MD MOELJODIHARDJO, CV Ds. Keboan Kotagede Yogyakarta 55173
Phone : (62-274) 375063, 370710 / (62-274) 375323 Email : [email protected] Contact : Moeljopratomo Md.
MEGA INDAH INDONESIA PERKASA, PT
Jl. Pasar Kebayoran Lama 31-D Jakarta Selatan
Phone : (62-21) 72793348 / (62-21) 72793349 Email : [email protected] / www.indoka.com
Contact : Benny Indra Kusuma
MEGRANIA PUTRA NUSANTARA (ASTANA MEGRANIA)
Jl. Srondol Asri C-17, Srondol Semarang Jawa Tengah 34654
Phone : (62-24) 3522516, 7471493 / (62-24) 3522517, 7471493
Contact : Mieke Sahala Hutabarat
MEL`S COLLECTION
Jl. Wahid Hasyim Jakarta Pusat
Phone : (62-21) 3906260, 3156559 / (62-21) 3906260 Contact : Melinda Kurniawan
MIRZA SILVER
Jl. H.O.S. Cokroaminoto No. 61 Mataram Lombok
Phone : (62-370) 640839 / (62-370) 640839
Contact : Syaiful Mizan
MUTIARA GRAHA
Banjar Seseh, Singapadu, Sukawati Gianyar Bali 80582
Phone : (62-361) 294392 / (62-361) 293938
Email : [email protected] Contact : Anak Agung Gde Agung Mestra
MUSEUM RUNA
Jl. Lotundo, Banjar abian Semal, Ubud, Bali
Phone : 0361 980710, 0811 214 185
Fax
: 0361 981563
Contact : Runi Palar
MUTIARA TIMUR GLOBALINDO, PT
Patra Office Tower 17th FL, Suite 1702 Jl. Gatot Subroto Kav. 32-34
Jakarta Pusat 12950
Phone : (62-21) 52900252 / (62-21) 52900252
Contact : Suningsih
NADYA SILVER, UD
Jl. Imam Bonjol Gg. 100/I No. 7 Denpasar Bali 80238 Phone : (62-361) 484039 / (62-361) 483724
www.ibdyellowpages.com/nadyasilver
Contact : Thalib Tayeb
NARTI`S SILVER
Jl. Tegal Gendu 22, Kotagede Yogyakarta
Phone : (62-274) 374890
Email : [email protected] / www.narti-silver.com Contact : Pandit Pintoro
ONEN SURONO, CV
Jl. Pakel Baru Selatan 58, Yogyakarta 55162
Phone : (62-274) 7474406
Fax
: (62-274) 378327
Contact : Onen Surono
ORO ARGENTO INDONESIA, PT
Jl. Soekarno Hatta Km 25,5 No. 8, Ungaran Semarang Jawa Tengah
50552 Phone : (62-298) 523888 / (62-298) 523338 Email : [email protected] Contact : Evin Julystin Lauw
PATHA HANDICRAFT
Br. Sapat - Tegallalang, Ubud Gianyar Bali 80582
Phone : (62-361) 973060, 973262 / (62-361) 973059 Email : [email protected] / www.pathahandicraft.com A.
Contact : A. Puspa
PATRA`S COLLECTION, UD
Br. Cemenggaon, Celuk, Sukawati Gianyar Bali 80582
Phone : (62-361) 298758, 299310, 295994 / (62-361) 298121 Email : [email protected]
Contact : Ni Made Karmini
PUSPA MEGA SILVER, CV Jl. Raya Celuk No. 925, Celuk, Sukawati Gianyar Bali 80582 Phone : (62-361) 299689 / (62-361) 298060 [email protected] / www.puspamegasilver.com Contact : I Wayan Widjaya
PUTERA SILVER
Jl. Raya Celuk Sukawati Gianyar Bali 80582
Phone : (62-361) 298046
Mobile : +62816575511 Email : [email protected] / www.puterasilver.com Contact : Wayan Gede Rudina Wiraputra
RATNA SILVER (RATNA ASTNA CIPTA, PT) Jl. Tangkuban Perahu, Br. Padang Sumbu Denpasar Barat Bali Phone : (62-361) 734997, 733146 / (62-361) 734997, 759257 Email : [email protected] Contact : Ratna
RUKIN`S SILVER, CV
Jl. Raya Celuk, Sukawati Gianyar BALI 80582
Phone : (62-361) 298085, 7454554 / (62-361) 298085 Email : [email protected] Contact : I Wayan Karmana
RUPADANA SILVER COLLECTION Br. Celuk, Sukawati Gianyar Bali
Phone : (62-361) 298302 / (62-361) 291278 Email : [email protected] / www.rupadanasilver.com Contact : I Nyoman Rupadana
SEA FINE JEWELRY Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No. 50 (Ciputat Raya) Tangerang 15412 Phone : (62-21) 7492850 / (62-21) 7492850 Email : [email protected] Contact : Irwan Holmes
SUMBERKREASI CIPTALOGAM Jl. I Gusti Ngurah Rai No. 1 Jakarta 13420 - Indonesia Phone : (62-21) 8199280, 8199403
Fax
: (62-21) 8199223 - 8195452
Contact : Johnny Salmon
55
Indonesian Silver
MINISTRY OF TRADE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
JI. M.I. Ridwan Rais No.5
Main Building - 4th Floor
Jakarta 10110 INDONESIA
Phone. [62-21] 385 8171 (hunting) Fax. [62-21] 235 28691
E-mail. [email protected]
Directorate General of Domestic Trade
M.I. Ridwan Rais No.5 Building I, 6th Floor
Jakarta 10110 - INDONESIA
Phone (62-21) 23524120, 2352 8620
Fax
(62-21) 23524130
Secretary General
JI. M.I. Ridwan Rais No.5 Main Building I, 7th
Floor Jakarta Pusat
Phone. (62-21) - 23522040 ext. 32040
Fax.
(62-21) - 23522050
sesjen@depda9•90.id
Directorate General of Foreign Trade
JI. M.I. Ridwan Rals No. 5 Main Buildin, 9th Floor
Jakarta 10110 - INDONESIA
Phone (62-21) 23525160
Fax (62-21) 23525170
E-mail [email protected]
Inspectorate General
JI. M.I. Ridwan Rais No.5 Building I, 10th Floor
Jakarta Pusat
(62-21) - 384 8662, 3841961 Ext.1226
(62-21) - 384 8662
[email protected]
Directorate General of International Trade
Cooperation
JI. M.I. Rldwan Rais No. 5 Main Building, 8th
Floor, Jakarta 10110 - INDONESIA
Phone (62-21) 23526200, 23528600
Fax (62-21) 23526210
National Agency for Export Development
JI. M.I. Rldwan Rais No. 5 Main Building,
4th Floor, Jakarta 10110 - INDONESIA
Phone (62-21) 23527240
Fax (62-21) 23527250
Commodity Future Trading Regulatory
Agency (COFTRA)
Gedung Bumi Daya Plaza 4th Floor
JI. Imam Bonjol No. 61
Jakarta 10310 -INDONESIA
Phone (62-21) 315 6315
Fax
(62-21) 315 6135
Website www.bappebti.go.ld
Trade Research and Development Agency
(TREDA)
JI. M.I. Ridwan Rais No. 5 Main Building
4th Floor, Jakarta 10110 - INDONESIA
Phone (62-21)3858171 (hunting)
Facx (62-21) 23528691
E-mail [email protected]
INDONESIAN COMMERCIAL ATTACHE
Australia
Indonesian Embassy. 8, Darwin Avenue, Yarralumia
Canberra A.c.T. 2600 Australia
Phone : (6162) - 625 08654
Fax : (6162) - 62730757
E-mail : [email protected] atperdag@
cyberone.com.au
Website : www.kbri-canberra.org.au
Thailand
Indonesian Embassy . 600 - 602 Petchburi Road
Rajthevi PO BOX 1318
Bangkok 10400, Thailand
Phone : (0066-2) - 2551264, 255 3135 ext.123
Fax : (0066-2) - 2551264, 2551267
E-mail : [email protected]
indagtha [email protected]
Japan
Indonesian Embassy .5-2-9, Higashi Gotanda
Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 1410022, Japan
Phone : (81-03) - 344 14201,344 70596
Fax : (81-03) - 344 71 697
[email protected]
Philippines
Indonesian Embassy . 185, Salcedo Street. Legaspi
Village, Makati City Metro Manila Philippines
Phone : (632) - 892 5061-68, 894 4561
Fax : (632) - 892 5878, 867 4192
[email protected]
South Korea
Indonesian Embassy. 55, Yoido-dong Young deoung
po-ku Seoul South Korea.
Phone : (0082-2) - 782 7750, 783 5371
Fax : (0082-2) - 780 4280, 783 7750
[email protected]
Malaysia
Indonesian Embassy Jalan Tun Razak No.233
Kuala Lumpur 50400, Malaysia
Phone : (0060-03) - 214 52011 Or 21434835 ext. 308
Fax : (0060-30) - 214 7908, 214 48407
E-mail : [email protected] indagkl@
pd.jaring.my
People’s Republic of China
Indonesian Embassy . San Li Tun Diplomatic Office
Building B, Beijing 100600, China
Phone : (00861) 653 24748, 653 25400-3014
Indonesian
FaxSilver
: (00861) 653 25368
[email protected]
56
India
Indonesian Embassy. 50-A Chanakyapuri
New Delhi 110021 India
Phone : (0091-11)-61141000,6886763
Fax : (0091-11) - 688 5460, 687 4402
[email protected]
Saudi Arabia
Indonesian Embassy Riyadh Diplomatic Quarter PO.
Box 94343
Riyadh 11693 Saudi Arabia
Phone : (0966-1) - 488 2800, 488 2131 ext.120
Fax : (0966-1) - 488 2966
[email protected]
Egypt
Indonesian Embassy.
3, Aisha EL Taimoira St. Garden City PO BOX 1661
Cairo 1661, Republic of Egypt
Phone : (20-2) - 794 4698,794 7200-9
Fax : (20-2) - 796 2495
E-maii : [email protected]
hardaw j [email protected]
Austria
Indonesian Embassy
Gustav Tschermak Gasse 5-7 Wina A-1180 Austria
Phone : (431) - 476 2341
Fax : (431) - 479 0557
United Kingdom
Indonesian Embassy
38 Grosvenor Square. London W1 k 2HW United
Kingdom
Phone : 44-20) - 772 909613, 749 97881
Fax
: (44-20) - 7945 7022
[email protected]
Netherlands
Indonesian Embassy . 8, Tobias Asserlaan
2517 KC The Hague, The Netherlands
Phone : (31) - 703108115
Fax
: (31) -7036 43331
[email protected]
Russia
Indonesia Embassy . Commercial Attache Office
Korovy val7 Ent 3, FI. 8 Apt 76 Moscow 117049,
Republic Russia
Phone : (7-095) - 238 5281, 238 3014
Fax : (7-095) - 238 5281
E-mail : [email protected] [email protected]
Germany
Lehter Strasse 16-17 0-10557 Berlin 53175 Germany
Phone : (49-30) - 478 0700
Fax : (49-30) - 478 07209
[email protected]
United Arab Emirates
Indonesia Trade Promotion Center (ITPC) Flat NoA03,
ArbitTower, 4th Floor, Baniyas Street, Deira P.O. Box
41664 Dubai U.A.E
Phone : (971 4) - 422 78544
Fax
: (971 4) - 422 78545
Belgium
Indonesian Mission to The European Communities
Boulevard de la Woluwe 38 Brussels B-1200, Belgium
Phone : (322) - 779 0915
Fax : (322) - 772 8190
E-maii: [email protected] atperi ndagbxl@
chello.be
Denmark
Oerehoej Aile 1, 2900 Hellerup Copenhagen, Denmark
Phone : (45-39) - 624 422, 624 883 (D)
Fax : (45-39) - 624 483
[email protected]
Italy
Indonesian Embassy Via Nomentana, 55 00161 Rome
Italy
Phone : (0139-6) - 420 0911, 420 09168
Facsimiie : (0129-6) - 488 0280, 420 10428
E-mail: [email protected] lovenatassa@yahoo.
com
Canada
Indonesian Embassy 55 Parkdale Avenue
Ottawa Ontario KIY 1 ES Canada
Phone : (613) -7241100
Fax : (613) - 724 7932
budh i@indonesia_ottawa.org
Website : www.indonesia_ottawa.org
Spain
Indonesian Embassy 65, Calle de Agastia Madrid
28043 Spain
Phone : (34-91) - 413 0294
Fax : (34-91) - 415 7792
[email protected]
France
Indonesian Embassy 47-49 Rue Cortambert Paris
75116 France
Phone : (33-1) - 450 302760, 450 44872
Fax : (33-1) - 450 45032
[email protected]
Switzerland
Indonesian Mission to The United Nations and
Other International Organizations 16, Rue de Saint
Jean
Geneva 1203 Switzerland
Phone : (0041-22) - 339 7010
Fax
: (0041-22) - 339 7025
a [email protected] alfons-sa [email protected]
Singapore
7 Chatsworth Road Singapore 249761
Phone : (65) - 6737 5420, 683 95458
Fax : (65) - 6737 5037, 6735 2027
[email protected]
Hong Kong
Consulate General 127-129 Leighton Road Causeway
Bay Hong Kong
Phone : (852) - 289 02481, 289 04421
Fax : (852) - 289 50139
[email protected] [email protected]
United States of America
2020 Massachusetts Avenue, N. W. Washington DC
ca 20036
United States of America
Phone : (202) - 775 5350, 775 5200 ext. 350
Fax : (202) - 775 5354, 775 5365
Indonesian Trade Promotion Center (ITPC)
Osaka
ITM 4-J-8, Asia and Pacific Trade Center
2-1-10 Nanko Kita, Suminoe-ku, Osaka 559-0034, Japan
Telp.
(081-6) 66155350
Fax.
(081-6) 66155351
Website: www.itpc.or.jp
Dubai
Arbift Tower 4 Floor # 403, Baniyas street Deira
PO.Box 41664, Dubai - UAE
Telp.
(971-4) 2278544
Fax.
(971-4) 2278545
Hp.
971502088423, 97142215670 (Husin)
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
Website: www.itpcdxb.ae
Los Angeles
3457, Wilshire Blvd, Suite 101 Los Angeles, Ca 90010, USA
Telp.
(213) 3877041
Fax.
(213) 3877047
Hp.
21353633218
Website www.itpcla.org
Budapest
Bajcsy Zslinszky ut 12, 2nd floor No. 205
Budapest 1051 - Hungary
Telp.
(36-1) 3176382
Fax.
(36-1) 2660572
E-mail: [email protected]
Website www.indonesia.hu/itpc
Johannesburg
Suite 02/E4, 2ND Floor, Village Walk, Sandton
Po Box 2146, RSA Johannesburg X9916 South Africa
Telp. (27-11) 8846240
Fax.
(27-11) 8846242
Sao Paolo
Edificio Park Lane
Alameda Santos 1787 Conj III - 11 Andar
Cerqueira Cesar, Sao Paulo, Brazil 01419-002
Telp.
(55-11) 32630472, 35411413
Fax.
(55-11) 32538126
Hp.
551184730986
Sydney
60, Pitt Street Level 2nd, Sydney 2000, Australia
Telp. (61-2) 92528783
Fax.
(61-2) 92528784
Hp.
61447439900 (Fetna)
[email protected]
Milan
Via Vittor Pisani, 8, 20124 Milano (MI), Italy
Telp. (39-02) 36598182
Fax.
(39-02) 36598191
Hamburg
Multi Buro Service, Glokengisserwall 17 20095
Hamburg - Germany
Telp.
(49-40) 33313-333
Fax.
(49-40) 33313-377
Indonesian Economic and Trade Office
Taiwan (a province of China)
Indonesian Economic and Trade Office to Taipei 6F,
NO.550, Rui Guang Road, Nelhu District
(Twin Head Building) Taipei 114 Taiwan
Phone : (886-2) - 875 26170
Fax : (886-2) - 874 23706
57
Indonesian Silver
For your complete reference on the Republic of Indonesia
representative offices world-wide, please kindly access:
www.deplu.go.id
58
Indonesian Silver
59
Indonesian Silver
60
Indonesian Silver
double P creative

Indonesian Silver

Transcription

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