Figure Skating

Transcription

Figure Skating

Figure Skating
Beretvás Blanka
2011
CONTENT
1 Abstract .............................................................................................3
2 History.................................................................................................
2.1 Origin...........................................................................................4
2.2 Early 20th century ................................................................... 17
2.3 Between World War I and II ................................................... 24
2.4 After World War II .................................................................. 31
3 Winter Olympic .................................................................................
3.1 Olympic Figure Skating History ............................................. 93
3.2 First Youth Winter Olympics Innsbruck
2012……….. ..126
4 ISU .......................................................................................................
4.1 History..................................................................................... 128
4.2 ISU Competitons..................................................................... 131
4.3 The ISU Judging System ........................................................ 147
4.3.1
Technical Element Score .......................................... 159
4.3.2
Program Component Score...................................... 160
4.3.3
Final Score ................................................................. 160
4.4 Jumps....................................................................................... 161
4.5 Spins......................................................................................... 167
4.6 Lifts…………………………………………………………… 170
4.7 Step sequence.......................................................................... 172
5 Summary.................................................... .. …………………….174
6 Annex ..................................................................................................
6.1 List of illustrations………………….. . …….. ………….………..175
6. 2 ISU Communication No. 1682…………………………… …… 176
6. 3. SHEFFIELD 2012 European Figure Skating Championships 178
6. 4. Club "200"……………………………………………………
186
6. 5. Hall of Fame Member………………………………………
197
2
1 ABSTRACT
I was a little girl, I was a figure skater. After a severe injury I had to finish it. I
regularly visit figure skating championships and I write articles about it as a
journalist. I can’t separate figure skating from my life. I am in touch with many
figure skaters and we make a lot of programs together. Mainly I write about the
history of figure skating, ISU (International Skating Union) and I mention the new
Judging System.
Lidwina's fall, a 1498
The picture, of Saint Lidwina, patron saint of ice skaters, falling on the ice was the
first work of art to feature ice skating as a main theme. Another important aspect of
the painting is a man seen in the background, who is skating on one leg. This means
that the ice skates the man was wearing must have sharp edges similar to those
found on modern ice skates.
3
2 HISTORY
2.1
ORIGIN
The oldest pair of skates known date back to about 3000 B.C.,found at the bottom of a
lake in Switzerland. The skates were made from the leg bones of large animals, holes
were bored at each end of the bone and leather straps were used to tie the skates on.
An old Dutch word for skate is "schenkel" which means "leg bone".
Around the 14th Century, the Dutch started using wooden platform skates with flat
iron bottom runners. The skates were attached to the skater's shoes with leather
straps. Poles were used to propel the skater. Around 1500, the Dutch added a narrow
metal double edged blade, making the poles a thing of the past, as the skater could
now push and glide with his feet (called the "Dutch Roll").
A Medieval scene of ice skating, painted by Esaias van de Velde
In the Netherlands, ice skating was considered proper for all classes of people to
participate in, as shown in many pictures by the Old Masters. However, in other
places, participation in ice skating was limited to only members of the upper classes.
Emperor Rudolf II of the Holy Roman Empire enjoyed ice skating so much he had a
large ice carnival constructed in his court in 1610 in order to popularize the sport.
King Louis XVI of France brought ice skating to Paris during his reign. Madame de
Pompadour, Napoleon I, Napoleon III, and the House of Stuart were, among others,
royal and upper class fans of ice skating. It is said that Queen Victoria got to know
her future husband, Prince Albert, better through a series of ice skating trips.
Ice skating was brought to England by King Charles II, who learned about it while
visiting Holland. 1763 saw the first documented account of an ice skating
competition where the skaters raced across fifteen miles of frozen canals in England.
In 1889 the Dutch held the first world championships.
4
Ice skating was a sport that could be participated in by everyone from the wealthy to
the poor. Because of this, its popularity remained high and it spread across the
world. It wasn't until the 1700s that ice skating was brought to North America by
Scottish immigrants. Its versatility and mass appeal gave it staying power and made
it a popular sport. Today, the world is treated to the Olympic Games every four
years, and the opportunity to watch world class athletes speed across the ice.
The history of figure skating begins a bit more recently than traditional ice skating.
Figure skating differs from traditional ice skating in its style. The term figure skating
derives from the action of doing tracings on the ice. Figure skating began with ice
skaters performing figure eights, brackets and circles on the ice. It is different from
regular ice skating in that it combines both the athletic aspect of ice skating with art.
The art of figure skating of course has its origins in ice skating. The first ice skates
were used in the Netherlands. These were made of animal bone, tied on with leather
straps, and used to get across frozen lakes. These first ice skates were used with
poles.
'Skating fun' by 17th century Dutch painter by Hendrick Avercamp
The British were the first to make tracings on the ice with their skates, doing so in the
early 1700s. As ice skate technology advanced to iron and then blades attached to
boots, making figures on the ice became easier and more of an art form.
In 1848, E. V. Bushnell of Philadelphia, PA invented the first all steel clamp for
skates.
5
In 1865, Jackson Haines, a famous American skater, developed the two plate all metal
blade. The blade was attached directly to Haines' boots. The skater became famous
for his new dance moves, jumps and spins. Haines added the first toe pick to skates
in the 1870's, making toe pick jumps possible.
Central Park, New York City, Winter: The Skating Pond, 1862 by Currier and Ives
The first artificial ice rink (mechanically-refrigerated) was built in 1876, at Chelsea,
London, England and was named the Glaciarium. It was built near the King's Road
in London by John Gamgee.
In 1914, John E. Strauss, a blade maker from St. Paul, Minnesota, invented the first
closed toe blade made from one piece of steel, making skates lighter and stronger.
The largest outdoor ice rink is the Fujikyu Highland Promenade Rink in Japan, built
in 1967 and boasts an ice area of 165,750 square feet - equal to 3.8 acres.
6
SKATING ASSOCIATION
The next step in the development of figure skating came in 1742, when the first ice
skating association was formed, the Edinburgh Skating Club. The first instructional
book concerning ice skating was published in London in 1772. The book, written by a
British artillery lieutenant, Robert Jones, describes basic figure skating forms such as
circles and figure eights.
Jackson Haines, considered to be the father of modern figure skating.
The founder of modern figure skating as it is known today was Jackson Haines
(* b. 1840 † d. 1875), an American.
He won the first Championships of America held in Troy, New York in 1864. Haines
was known as the first skater to incorporate ballet and dance movements into his
skating, as opposed to focusing on tracing patterns on the ice. Haines also invented
the sit spin and developed a shorter, curved blade for figure skating that allowed for
easier turns. He was also the first to wear blades that were permanently attached to
the boot.
Haines continued to add new dance elements to his routines, and astounded a crowd
in Vienna in the winter of 1868. Many in the audience expressed wonder at how a
normal man could move over the ice in such a manner. Haines's performance led to
the establishment of the Vienna School, which continued to develop Haines's artistic
style. Although Haines himself died at the age of 35 in 1875 from the effects of
tuberculosis, his influence lived on.
7
Jackson Haines
8
AXEL PAULSEN
Axel Paulsen (1855-1938) was a Norwegian figure skater and speed skater. He is the
inventor of the figure skating Axel jump.
Paulsen first publicly executed the Axel jump in 1882 at the World Championships in
Vienna while wearing speed skates.At the Vienna World Championships Paulsen
won both the speed skating and fancy (figure) skating events becoming the World
Champion.
In the winter of 1883 Paulsen went to North America to participate in a series of
skating events. On February 8, 1883 a race was held at the open air rink in
Washington Park, Brooklyn, New York. Paulsen defeated 17 picked skaters, the
fastest from Norway, Canada, England and the United States and set the following
records at the race:
1 mile: 3 minutes, 34 3/5 seconds
5 miles: 19 minutes, 10 seconds
10 miles: 39 minutes, 7 3/5 seconds
9
Paulsen was a professional skater competing in races and meets that offered the
winners prize purses and metals; he was the World Professional Speed Skating
Champion from 1882 to 1889. He lost the title on February 1, 1890 to Canadian
professional speed skating champion Hugh J. McCormick at a 3-race meet in
Minneapolis, Minnesota.
The Axel is a figure skating jump with a forward take-off. It is named after the
Norwegian skater Axel Paulsen, who first performed the jump in 1882. An Axel jump
has an extra ½ rotation in the air due to its forward take-off. For a jump with
counterclockwise rotation, it has a takeoff from the left forward outside edge and a
landing on the right back outside edge; this can be reversed for a clockwise jump.
The Axel can also be done as a double jump with 2½ rotations, or as a triple with 3½
rotations.
During the last half of the nineteenth century, informal international competitions in
both Speed Skating and Figure Skating were organized occasionally in different parts
of the world. The first modern Speed Skating competition was held in Norway in
1863 and the first major International Speed Skating race was held in Hamburg
(GER) in 1885. In 1882, the first International Figure Skating competition took place
in Vienna (AUT)
Haines claimed to be the champion of America in 1863; however, at that time many
self-proclaimed "championships" were held without any legitimate or official claim
to the title, so Haines' title cannot be substantiated. At any rate, the continued cool
reception given to him in his own country prompted him to go to Europe, where he
was warmly and enthusiastically received. When he arrived in Vienna, he received
the warmest reception of all; he was an immediate success. Little wonder, in the
home of the graceful Viennese Waltz! It was here, as a direct result of his pioneering
performances, that the so-called "International Style of Figure Skating" was born. It
wasn't until many years later - in the first decade of this century - that this style
finally came home to America.
Although Haines himself died at the age of 35 in 1875, his students at the Vienna
School established the International Skating Union in 1892, the first international ice
skating organization, and one of the oldest sports associations still in existence. It was
founded in Scheveningen, in the Netherlands, but is now based in Lausanne,
Switzerland. The Union created the first codified set of figure skating rules.
The Internationale Eislauf-Vereingung (International Skating Union) formed in 1892
to govern international competition in speed and figure skating.
The men's singles European championship first took place in Hamburg in 1891, while
the ladies' singles and pair skating European championships started in Vienna in
1930.
10
Oskar Uhlig was a German figure skater. Nation
Figure Skating Championships to be contested.
He won the first European
He represented Berliner Eislaufverein von 1886. On 12 October 1893 he was elected
as the Chairman of the club Berliner Eislaufverein von 1886. From 1900 on he was
Vice-chairman of the club.
In 1894 Uhlig was also referee of speed skating events.
Figure skating Result
Event
1891
European Championships 1st
Anon Schmitson (* b. 1880; † d. 1900) was an Germany figure skater. Nation
.
Hamburg 1891 gold Oskar Uhlig, silver Anon Schmitson
Evens
1891
European Championships. 2.
German Championships
1.
Eduard Engelmann Jr.(*14 July 1864†31 October 1944)
was an Austrian figure
skater, engineer, and cyclist. He was a three-time gold medallist at the European
Figure Skating Championships. He had three children, all of whom became figure
skaters: Edi, Helene and Christine, who married Karl Schäfer.
F IGURE SKATING COMPETITION
The Olympic Games and World Championships were not yet established in
Engelmann's time.
Event
1892 1893 1894
European Championships 1st 1st
1st
11
Eduard Engelmann Jr.
E NGINEERING
Engelmann studied at the Vienna University of Technology, specializing in railway
engineering. He built the Kraftwerk Wienerbruck power station, the
Landessiechenanstalt Oberhollabrunn hospital, and was manager of the
Niederösterreichischen Eisenbahnamtes (Lower Austrian Railway office) of the
Mariazellerbahn.
In 1909, he built the first ever artificial ice rink on land, which was established as an
ice rink by his father Eduard Engelmann Sr. in the Hernals district of Vienna. In 1912,
he built, in Vienna's Heumarkt district, what was at the time the largest artificial ice
rink in Europe. The rink was improved on in later years; in 1932, the ice rink covered
3,000 square meters. He built another rink in Budapest in 1922.
In 1944, shortly after his death, the rink he built in Vienna-Hernals was bombed and
totally destroyed. It was rebuilt after World War II and reopened in 1946; today, the
location holds a supermarket, which, since 1974, has had an artificial ice rink
attached.
As a cyclist, Engelmann was one of the founders of the Wiener Cyclisten-Clubs
(Cyclists Clubs of Vienna). He won the cycling championships for unicyclists three
times in the German cyclists' union.
Georg Zachariades (* b.1880; † d. 1900 was an Austrian figure skater. Nation
Österreich
European Championships Bronze Wien 1892 Men, Bronze Berlin 1893 Men.
12
1892 gold Eduard Engelmann silverTibor von Földváry
1893 gold Eduard Engelmann silver Henning Grenander
EVENS
1892 1893 1894
European Championships 3.
1.
3.
1.
4.
2.
Tibor von Földváry was an Hungarian figure skater. He was the European Figure
Skating Championships gold medalist in 1895. He was also a judge at the World
Championships shortly after his competitive career.
Event
1892 1893 1894 1895
European Championships 2nd 4th 3rd 1st
The Budapest Skating Club
The Budapest Skating Club was established in 1869, as an early sprout of the "unity
freedom waked on prices of heavy struggles back wined constitution". In an
interesting way it happened similarly the re-establishing 120 years later in 1989 as an
early sprout of the new unity law.
13
European Championships
MEN
Name
Year
Location
Place
1892
Vienna, Austria
Tibor Földváry
2
1894
Vienna, Austria
Tibor Földváry
3
1895
Budapest, Hungary
Tibor Földváry
1
Földváry Tibor
The member and competitor of the BSC was Lili Kromberger (1890-1974), the first
World Champion of the Hungarian
sport, who became four times World
Champion in figure skating between 1907 and 1911. She got into the Hall of Fames as
the first Hungarian one.
14
Kronberger Lili
World Championships
LADIES
Name
Year
Location
1906
Davos, Switzerland
Lili Kronberger
3
1907
Vienna, Austria
Lili Kronberger
3
1908
Troppau, Austria
Lili Kronberger
1
1909
Budapest, Hungary
Lili Kronberger
1
1910
Berlin, Germany
Lili Kronberger
1
1911
Vienna, Austria
Lili Kronberger
1
15
Place
Kronberger Lili
Gustav Hügel was an Austrian figure skater. Nation
Österreich
He was the 1897 & 1899-1900 World Champion and the 1901 European Champion.
He won the German national championships in 1894 because, at that time, Austria
and Germany held joint championships.
Results:
Event
1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901
World Championships
European Championships 6th
2nd 1st 2nd 1st 1st
2nd 2nd
2nd 2nd 1st
1st 2nd
16
Silver
Gold
Silver
Gold
Gold
Silver
Silver
Silver
Silver
Gold
World Championships
Sanint Petersburg 1896
Stockholm 1897
London 1898
Davos 1899
Davos 1900
Men
Wien 1894
Budapest 1895
Davos 1899
Berlin 1900
Wien 1901
The first Championship, known as the Championship of the Internationale EislaufVereingung, was held in Saint Petersburg in 1896. The event had four competitors
and was won by Gilbert Fuchs.
Gilbert Fuchs (b.1871 in Graz, Austria
- d.1952 in Germany) was a German
figure skater and world champion in figure skating.
In 1896, he won the first world figure skating championships, held in St. Petersburg,
Russia. In 1906 he recaptured the title in Munich.
Relations with his constant rival Ulrich Salchow were strained. In 1906, Salchow did
not compete in Munich, Fuchs' hometown, because he expected to be judged
unfairly. Likewise, Fuchs did not participate in the 1908 Olympics because he felt the
judges favored Salchow.
Only once did Fuchs place higher in a competition than Salchow, the 1901 Europeans
in Vienna. Fuchs however didn't win, coming second to Gustav Hügel of Austria.)
Fuchs learned figure skating on his own, after learning gymnastics, weightlifting,
and stone put. After finishing secondary school, he served in a cavalry regiment,
later studying agriculture in Vienna. Still later, he moved to Munich, Bavaria, in
Germany and studied forestry. He practiced on Germany's first artificial ice rink,
named "Unsöldsche Kunsteisbahn", which opened in 1892 and competed for Munich
EV and Germany. He wrote and published: "Theory and Practice of Figure Skating"
(German: "Theorie und Praxis des Kunstlaufes am Eise").
17
Beyond figure skating, Fuchs studied the morphology of the bark beetle (German:
Borkenkäfer). In 1929, in his late fifties, he wrote his PhD thesis titled “European
timber industry after the war” (German: "Europäische Holzwirtschaft der
Nachkriegszeit"). ("War" here referred to the First World War.)
R ESULTS
189 189 189 189 189 190 190 190 190 190 190 190 190 190 190
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Event
World
Championshi
ps
1st (*) 3rd
European
Championshi 3rd
ps
German
Championshi
ps
2nd
1st 3rd 2nd
2nd
2nd
1st 1st
2nd
1st
2.2 E ARLY 20 TH CENTURY
The 1903 ISU Congress considered gender issues but passed no new rules. The 1905
Congress established a second class ladies competition. Winners were to be known as
ISU, not World Champions. Men's and Ladies events were normally held separately.
The first ladies competition was in 1906 and held in Davos. The first pairs
competition was held in St. Petersburg in 1908, even though in some countries pairs
competition was illegal and considered indecent. . Pair skating was introduced at the
1908 World Championships, where the title was won by Anna Hübler & Heinrich
Burger
Gold
Olympic medal record
Figure skating
1908 London
Pairs
Anna Hübler (January 2, 1885 - July 5, 1976) was a
German pair skater. She was
an Olympic champion and two-time World champion with skating partner Heinrich
Burger.
18
Hübler and Berger were the first World champions and the first Olympic champions
in pairs figure skating. They never became European champions, because the
European championships were established in 1930. They skated for the club
Müchener EV (Munich EV). Hübler was the first female German Olympic champion.
(The first woman winning an Olympic medal for Germany was the single skater Elsa
Rendschmidt. She won silver in 1908.
Heinrich Burger (31 May 1881 - 27 April 1942) was a German
figure skater
The championships were presumed all-male since competitive skating was generally
viewed as a male sport, however there were no specific rules regarding the gender of
competitors. In 1902 Madge Syers entered the championships, and won the silver
medal.
Magde & Edgar Syers
Madge Syers
Personal information
Country represented
United Kingdom
Born
16 September 1881
Kensington, London
Died
9 September 1917
(aged 35)
Weybridge, Surrey
Skating club
Prince's Skating Club
Retired
1908
19
Florence Madeline "Madge" Syers ( Cave, 16 September 1881 – 9 September 1917)
was a British figure skater. She became the first woman to compete at the World
Figure Skating Championships in 1902 by entering what was previously an all-male
event and won the silver medal, which prompted the International Skating Union
(ISU) to create a separate ladies' championship. Syers was the winner of the first two
ladies' events in 1906 and 1907, and went on to become the Olympic champion at the
1908 Summer Olympics, the first Olympic Games to include figure skating. She also
competed as a pairs skater with her husband Edgar Syers, winning the bronze medal
at the 1908 Olympics.
Ladies' singles
Event
1906 1907 1908
Olympics
1st
World
1st 1st
Championships
Open singles
Event
1902 1903 1904
World Championships 2nd
British Championships
1st 1st
Pairs
Event 1908
Olympics 3rd
In 1899 Madge met her future husband Edgar Syers, a figure skater and coach who
was 18 years her senior. Edgar was an exponent of the international skating style,
which was freer and less rigid than the traditional English style, and encouraged
Madge to adopt this style. Madge and Edgar completed together in pairs skating
events, and in 1900 finished second in one of the first international pairs events,
staged in Berlin. They married in June of that year. The Syers co-authored The Book
of Winter Sports in 1908.The 1908 Summer Olympics in London were the first Games
to include figure skating events in the programme, which were staged in October at
the Prince's Club. Syers entered both the ladies' event and the pairs with Edgar. In
the ladies' event, Syers comfortably won the compulsory figures section, with all five
judges placing her first. The official report of the Games described her as "in a class
by herself" and stated that "the wonderful accuracy of her figures, combined with
perfect carriage and movement, was the chief feature of the morning's skating." In
the free skating, the report described her as having "excelled in rhythm and timekeeping, and her dance steps, pirouettes, &c., were skated without a fault." She was
again placed first by all five judges and won the title. In the pairs event Syers and
Edgar finished third (of three couples) and won the bronze medal.
20
Syers retired from competitive skating after the Olympics due to fading health.
She and Edgar co-authored a second book together, The Art of Skating (International
Style), published in 1913. She died of heart failure caused by acute endocarditis on 9
September 1917 at her home in Weybridge, Surrey, aged 35.
Syers was elected to the World Figure Skating Hall of Fame in 1981.
Two men's skating events were contested at the 1908 Summer Olympics: single
skating and special figures. Panin won the special figures event and competed, but
did not finish, in the singles event. 1908 was the only year in which special figures
was an Olympic event. Panin also competed in the 1903 World Figure Skating
Championships, placing second behind Salchow.
Illustration of special figures by Panin
21
Panin in 1908.
Full
name
Born
Died
Gold
Nikolay Aleksandrovich PaninKolomenkin
January 8, 1872
Khrenovoye, near Voronezh
January 19, 1956 (aged 83)
Competitor
Russia
Leningrad for
Men's Figure skating
1908 London
22
Special figures
Ulrich Salchow at the 1908 Olympics
Full name:
Karl Emil Julius Ulrich
Salchow
Country
represented:
Sweden
Date of birth:
7 August 1877
Place of birth:
Copenhagen , Denmark
Date of death:
19 April 1949 (aged 71)
Place of death:
Stockholm
Men's Figure skating
Gold
1908 London
Individual
“Belle époque” many new, talented figure skaters came from
Germany, among
them Werner Rittberger, Alois Lutz …
.
Werner Rittberger
invented another jump, at first named eponymously, but
eventually changed to the name it is known by today, the loop jump.
Alois Lutz (1898-1918) was an Austrian
figure skater. He invented the Lutz jump.
He performed it for the first time in competition in 1913.
Bruce Mapes (b.August 16, 1901–d.February 18, 1961) was an American figure skater
from the early 1900s. In 1913, the jump now known today as the flip became known
by his last name, but it is not known for certain if he was the inventor.
23
Charlotta Oelschlägel won a championship in the United States at the age of 17, and
had a professional career spanning ten years
Also notable for their impaortnt contributions to the sport of figure skating are Axel
Paulsen, Ulrich Salchow, Werner Rittbberger and Alois Lutz. Each man created a
jump that is now named after him. Paulsen, a Norwegian equally expert in figure
and speed skating, introduced his jump in Vienna in 1882 at what is generally
regarded as the first international championship. The “axel” was later perfected...
On March 20, 1914 an international figure skating championship was held in New
Haven, Connecticut. This was the ancestor of both the United States and Canadian
National Championships. However, international competitions in figure skating
were interrupted by World War I
Werner Rittberger (born 14 July 1891 in Berlin, Germany; † 12 August 1975 in
Krefeld, Germany) was a
German figure skater.
Rittberger invented the Loop jump in 1910. German (and most other European)
figure skaters call this jump “Rittberger”.
Rittberger won the German Nationals eleven times between 1911 and 1928, and the
silver medal at the World Figure Skating Championships in 1910, 1911, and 1912. He
skated for the Berliner SC club representing Germany.
After World War II he became a figure skating coach in Krefeld.
Results
Event
Winter Olympic
Games
World
Championships
European
Championships
German
Championships
1910 1911 1912 1913 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928
WD
2nd 2nd 2nd 7th
4th
2nd 3rd
1st 1st
4th
1st 1st
24
1st 1st
3rd 2nd
1st 1st
1st 1st 2nd 1st
HUNGARIAN “Budapesti Korcsolyázó Egylet” Results
World Championships
Year
1912
1913
1914
LADIES
Name
Location
Davos, Switzerland
Stockholm, Sweden
St. Moricz, Switzerland
Opika Méray Horváth
Place
1
1
1
MEN
Year
1910
1912
1913
1914
Location
Davos, Switzerland
Manchester, England
Vienna, Austria
Helsinki, Finland
Name
Andor Szende
Andor Szende
Andor Szende
Andor Szende
Place
3
3
3
3
.
2.3. BETWEEN WORLD WAR I AND II
The largest figure skating competitions were renewed after World War I, with the
first taking place in 1922. The best-known figure skaters in this period were Sonja
Henie from Norway
Sonja 1926
and Karl Schäfer, from Austria
.
25
The two dominated the sport in this time. Henie, a ten-time world champion,
brought a new style to figure skating in both athletic practice and dress. Previously,
female figure skaters had skated in bulky clothing and long skirts. Henie broke with
tradition by wearing a short knee-length skirt during her routines. In addition, her
fluid and unlabored movements and overall elegance were considered to be a major
advancement for figure skating. Schäfer won the European figure skating
championship eight times, and the world championship seven times, in the period
from 1929 to 1936
One such country was Japan, which had applied for the Winter Olympics in 1940.
Early championships for both ladies and pairs were retrospectively given World
Championship status in 1924.
In the early years judges were invited by the host country and were often local. At
the 1927 ladies' event held in Oslo, three of the five judges were Norwegian.
The three Norwegian judges gave first place to Norwegian competitor Sonja Henie,
while the Austrian and German judges placed defending champion Herma Szabo
first.
26
Herma Szabo (February 22, 1902 - May 7, 1986) was an Austrian
singles and pairs
figure skater. She is the 1924 Olympic champion in ladies' singles and a seven-time
World Champion, including five titles in singles (1922-1926) and two titles in pairs
partnered with Ludwig Wrede.
Szabo was born in Vienna, where she came from a family of figure skaters. Her
mother was Christa von Szabo, a two time world medalist in pairs figure skating and
her uncle was Eduard Engelmann Jr., a three time European Champion in men's
figure skating, who built the first artificial ice rink.As a result, Szabo was exposed to
the sport at a young age, where she practiced at her uncle's ice rink along with her
cousins Helene Engelmann and Christine Engelmann, who went on to marry Karl
Schäfer.
She competed as a figure skater under different surnames, which include von Szabó,
Plank-Szabo, Planck-Szabo, Jarosz-Szabo and Jaross-Szabo. The International Skating
Union uses the surname Szabo to refer to her accomplishments. Szabo won the gold
medal at the 1924 Winter Olympics in ladies figure skating. At the Olympics, she
helped modernize ladies's figure skating by wearing a skirt cut above the knee. Highcut skirts allowed for more freedom of movement in the legs. Despite this, Sonja
Henie is usually credited with being the first to wear short skirts in competition.
Szabo did not compete in the Europeans because the ladies and pair events were not
established until 1930. However, she won five consecutive world titles in ladies'
figure skating from 1922 to 1926. She is one of four women to have won the World
title five times, the others being Sonja Henie, Carol Heiss, and Michelle Kwan.
In addition, she was also an early pioneer in pairs figure skating, where she
competed with Ludwig Wrede. They won the World title twice, in 1925 and 1927,
and placed third in 1926. She is the only skater to hold a simultaneous world titles in
pairs and singles.
With her accomplishments, she is considered to be one of the most decorated figure
skaters of all time.
She retired in 1927 after she was defeated by Sonja Henie of Norway at the World
Championships. This result was controversial because the judging panel consisted of
three Norwegians, a German, and an Austrian. The three Norwegian judges placed
Henie first, while the German and Austrian judges placed Szabo first.
She became disillusioned with the sport and never skated again. Henie offered her a
rematch years later, but she refused to participate. Her abrupt retirement, led her
partner Wrede, to find a different partner for the 1928 Olympic Games, but not with
the same success.
Despite the bitter end to her career, Szabo was inducted into the World Figure
Skating Hall of Fame in 1982. She died at age 84 in Rottenmann, Styria.
27
R ESULTS
Ladies singles
Event
1918 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927
Winter Olympic Games
1st
World Championships
1st 1st 1st 1st 1st 2nd
Austrian Championships 2nd 1st 1st 1st 1st
1st
Pairs (with Ludwig Wrede)
Event
1925 1926 1927
World Championships
1st 3rd 1st
Austrian Championships 1st 1st
The controversial result stood, giving Henie her first world title, however following
the controversy the ISU introduced a rule allowing no more than one judge per
country on the panel.
HUNGARIAN “Budapesti Korcsolyázó Egylet” Results
World Championships
MEN
Name
Elemér Terták
Year
1934
Location
Vienna, Austria
1948
Davos, Switzerland
Ede Király
3
1949
Paris, France
Ede Király
2
1950
London, England
Ede Király
2
Year
Location
1929
Budapest, Hungary
1931
PAIRS
Name
Place
3
Place
Olga Orgonista – Sándor
Szalay
3
Berlin, Germany
Emilia Rotter – László Szollás
Szalay
1
2
1932
Montreal, Canada
2
1933
Stockholm, Sweden
28
1
1934
Helsinki, Finland
1
1935
Budapest, Hungary
Luci Galló – Rezső Dillinger
1
2
1948
Davos, Switzerland
Andrea Kékessy – Ede Király
2
1949
Paris, France
1
Winter Olimpic Games
PAIRS
Name
Year
Location
Place
1932
Lake Placid, USA
3
1936
Garmisch-Partenkirchen,
GER
3
1948
St. Moritz, Switzerland
Andrea Kékessy– Ede Király
2
MEN
1937
Prague, Czechoslovakia
Elemér Terták
3
1949
Milano, Italy
Ede Király
2
1950
Oslo, Norway
Ede Király
1
Year
Location
1930
Vienna, Austria
PAIRS
Name
Szalay
29
Place
1
2
1931
Szalay
1
2
1934
1
1935
Luci Galló – Rezső Dillinger
3
1936
Berlin, Germany
Piroska and Attila
Szekrényessy
3
1937
Piroska and Attila
Szekrényessy
3
1948
1
1949
Milano, Italy
1
1950
Oslo, Norway
Marianna and László Nagy
1
Rotter-Szollás pairs
Pataky
30
Terták
Marianna Nagy ( b.January 13, 1929 – d.May 3, 2011) was a Hungarian
pair
skater. She and partner and brother László Nagy were two time Olympic bronze
medalists, two-time European champions (1950 and 1955), and three-time World
bronze medalists (1950, 1953, 1955). She was born in Szombathely
C OMPETITIVE HIGHLIGHTS
(with László Nagy)
Event
1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958
7th
3rd
3rd
World Championships
7th 4th 3rd
3rd
3rd
7th
2nd 1st
3rd 2nd
1st 2nd 2nd 4th
Hungarian Championships
1st 1st 1st
1st 1st 1st 1st 1st
31
Bronze 1952 Oslo Pairs Bronze 1956 Cortina d’Ampezzo Pairs
Competitor for
Hungary + died may 3, 2011
2. 4. AFTER WORLD WAR II
The 1930 championships in New York combined all three competitions into one
event for the first time, and was also the first championships to be held outside
Europe. Ice dancing entered the program officially in 1952, after having been an
unofficial part of the championships since 1936. In 1960, the number of participants
per country was limited to a maximum of three per discipline.
The ice dancing championship was held for the first time in Bolzano in 1954
Up until 1948, skaters representing any ISU Member could enter the European
Championships. After Canadian Barbara Ann Scott and American Dick Button won
the singles titles that year, entries were restricted to skaters representing European
countries. Because of the years of war, Europe, which had previously had been the
center of figure skating, as well as the area of origin of many of its top names, fell
behind the United States in terms of figure skating dominance.
32
Many of the new elite figure skaters came from the United States and Canada,
bringing with them a style that emphasized more speed and endurance, as well as
dynamic movements. Some of the new top figure skaters included Americans
Richard Button (who was the first skater to complete both the double axel jump and
a loop jump with three rotations), ; and Canadians Barbara Ann
Scott and Donald Jackson.
Barbara-Ann Scott
Barbara-Ann Scott, photo by Yousuf Karsh,
1946
Country represented
Canada
Born
May 9, 1928 (age 83)
Retired
1948
Gold
Ladies' figure skating
Competitor for
Canada
1948 St. Moritz
Singles
B IOGRAPHY
Barbara-Ann Scott began skating at a very young age with the Minto Skating Club of
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. She was only eleven years old when she won her first
Canadian national junior title. Two years later, in 1942, the thirteen-year-old became
the first female to ever land a double lutz in competition.
From 1945 to 1948, she won the North American Figure Skating Championships. In
1948 she became the first North American to win the European and World Figure
Skating Championships, making her a Canadian national heroine.
Subsequent to her victory, her hometown of Ottawa gave her a new convertible
automobile, but she had to turn down the gift in order to retain her amateur status so
as to be able to compete in the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, Switzerland.
33
In the Winter Games she became the first Canadian to win the figure skating gold
medal
Barbara-Ann Scott doing a stag jump.
Event
1941 1942 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948
Winter Olympics
World Championships
North American Championships
Canadian Championships
2nd 2nd 1st
1st
1st 1st
1st
1st 1st
1st 1st
1st
1st
In 1961, the crash of Sabena Flight 548 claimed the lives of the entire United States
Figure Skating team and their coaches. This effectively put an end to the period of
post-war American domination of the sport.
34
Carol Heiss
Country represented
United States
Born
January 20, 1940 (age 71)
Former coach
Pierre Brunet
Skating club
SC of New York
Retired
1960
Ladies' figure skating
Competitor for the
United States
Silver
1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo
Singles
Gold
1960 Squaw Valley
Singles
R ESULTS
Event
1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960
Winter Olympics
2nd
1st
World Championships
2nd 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st
North American Championships 2nd
2nd
1st
1st
U.S. Championships
2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 1st 1st 1st 1st
On February 15, 1961, the entire U.S. figure skating team and their coaches were
killed in the crash of Sabena Flight 548 in Brussels, Belgium en route to the World
Championships in Prague. This tragedy sent the U.S. skating program into a period
of rebuilding.
Alain Calmat
Country represented France
Born
31 August 1940 (age 70)
Former coach
Jacqueline Vaudecrane
Retired
1965
Silver
Figure skating
Competitor for
France
1964 Innsbruck
Men's singles
35
Alain Calmat (born 31 August 1940, in Paris) is a French former competitive figure
skater, surgeon, and politician. He is the 1964 Olympic silver medalist, the 1965
World Champion, the 1962–1964 European Champion, and the 1958 & 1962–1965
French national champion.
Event
1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965
Olympic Games
9th
6th
2nd
World Championships 11th 9th 7th 9th 5th 7th 3rd * 3rd 2nd 2nd 1st
European
5th 5th 4th 4th 3rd 4th 4th 2nd 1st 1st 1st 2nd
Championships
French Championships 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 1st 2nd 2nd 2nd 1st 1st 1st 1st
* Championships cancelled due to Sabena Flight 548 crash.
At the same time, the Soviet Union rose to become a dominant power in the sport,
especially in the disciplines of pair skating and ice dancing. At every Winter
Olympics from 1964 until 2006, a Soviet or Russian pair won gold in pair skating,
often considered one of the longest winning streaks in modern sports history. The
1967 World Championships was the last event held in an outdoor rink.
Diane Towler Green
Diane Towler (married Green) (born 16 December 1946 in London, England) is a
former British ice dancer and currently a figure skating coach.
36
She is a four-time World and European Champion in ice dancing with skatingpartner Bernard Ford. Their coach was Gladys Hogg. They participated at the
introduction of ice dancing at the Olympics in 1968. Ice Dancing has become part of
the Winter-Olympics in 1976. Diane and Bernard are also members of the World
Figure skating Hall of Fame Colorado Springs. They are mostly well known for their
Zobra the Greek programme which helped to improve ice dance. Diane and Bernard
also received MBEs for their service to Ice skating
After her amateur career, Diane Towler and Bernard Ford participated in ice shows.
After her skating-partner moved to Canada, Towler became a figure skating coach.
Among her students are Janet Sawbridge and Peter Dalby (Bronze at the Europeans
1972) and her twins Candice and
Phillipa
Phillipa both British Junior ice dance Champions and world competitors. Her
Nephew Mark Bosley Junior ice Dance Champion and 5th at junior worlds. Alan
Abretti and Liz Coates became World and European competitors
Results
(with Bernard Ford)
Event
1963-64 1964-65 1965-66 1966-67 1967-68 1968-69
World Championships
13th
British Nationals
4th
4th
3rd
1st
1st
1st
37
1st
1st
1st
1st
1st
1st
1st
1st
1st
András Sallay (born 15 December 1953) is a former ice dancer from Hungary .
Competing with Krisztina Regőczy, he won a gold medal at the 1980 World Figure
Skating Championships and a silver at that year's Winter Olympics.
38
R ESULTS
( ICE DANCE WITH KRISZTINA R EGŐCZY)
Event
1974-75 1975-76 1976-77 1977-78 1978-79 1979-80
5th
2nd
World Championships
6th
4th
4th
3rd
2nd
1st
6th
4th
2nd
3rd
3rd
2nd
Hungarian Championships
Skate America
Skate Canada International
1st
1st
1st
1st
1st
1st
Sallay András-Regőczy Krisztina
39
1st
1st
Jayne Torvill
Country
represented
United Kingdom
Born
7 October 1957 (age 53)
Partner
Christopher Dean
Former partner
Michael Hutchenson
(pairs)
Former coach
Betty Callaway
Janet Sawbridge
Retired
1984, 1994
Competitor for the
United Kingdom
Gold
1984 Sarajevo
Ice dancing
Bronze
1994 Lillehammer
Ice dancing
Torvill and Dean's free program at the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Olympics, performed to
the music of Maurice Ravel's Boléro, became world famous. They received twelve
perfect 6.0 marks, one of five occasions they were awarded all perfect scores for
artistic impression. This is one of the most popular achievements in the history of
British sport, watched by a British television audience of twenty four million.
Torvill and Dean turned professional after their 1984 Olympic win and under then
existing Olympic Committee rules their professional status made them ineligible to
compete in the Olympics again. However in 1993 the International Skating Union
relaxed the rules for professional skaters, allowing the pair to participate in the 1994
Winter Olympics in Lillehammer where they won a bronze medal.
They now star in the ITV show Dancing on Ice. The duo took the show on tour to
arenas across the country in 2007, 2008 & 2009
Torvill was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1999. Torvill
and Dean were admitted to the World Figure Skating Hall of Fame in 1989.
Torvill currently resides in Sussex, England, with her husband, Phil Christensen, and
their two children, Kieran and Jessica. She remains close friends with skating partner
Christopher Dean.
40
Amateur competitive results (with Dean)
Event
1975– 1976– 1977– 1978– 1979– 1980– 1981–
1983– 1993–
1982–1983
1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982
1984 1994
Winter Olympic
Games
World
Championships
European
Championships
British
Championships
NHK Trophy
St Ivel
International
Oberstdorf
St Gervais
Morzine Trophy
John Davis
Trophy
Northern
1st
Championships
Sheffield
Trophy
Rotary Watches
Competition
5th
2nd
1st
1st
3rd
11th
8th
4th
1st
1st
9th
6th
4th
1st
1st Withdrew 1st
1st
3rd
1st
1st
1st
1st
1st
1st
1st
1st
1st
1st
1st
2nd
1st
1st
1st
1st
1st
2nd
P ROFESSIONAL COMPETITIVE RESULTS ( WITH D EAN)
Event
1984 1985 1990 1994 1995 1996
World Professional Championships 1st 1st 1st
1st 1st
Challenge of Champions
1st
1st 1st
World Team Championship
3rd 1st 1st
Compulsory figures were removed from the World Championships in 1991. The 6.0
system was used for judging until the 2004 championships, and the ISU Judging
System was used from the 2005 edition onwards. In the years of the Winter
Olympics, when the World Championships are held around a month after the
Olympic Games, there have been cases of Olympic medalists not attending. The last
time that all Olympic medalists attended a subsequent Worlds competition was in
1992.
41
Reasons for forgoing the post-Olympics Worlds have included skaters needing rest
for physical and mental exhaustion, and/or Olympic medalists wanting to go
professional to cash in on their Games success. The ISU has begun discussing
lengthening the time between the Games and the Worlds.
Practice gala
Nancy Kerrigan
Country represented
United States
Born
October 13, 1969 (age 41)
Height
5 ft 4 in (1.63 m)
Former coach
Evy Scotvold
Mary Scotvold
Retired
1994
42
Women's figure skating
Competitor for the
United States
Silver
1994 Lillehammer
Ladies' singles
Bronze
1992 Albertville
Ladies' singles
R ESULTS
Event
Winter Olympics
World
Championships
U.S.
Championships
1985– 1986– 1987– 1988– 1989– 1990– 1991– 1992– 1993–
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
3rd
11th J. 4th J.
12th
5th
Skate America
Trophée Lalique
NHK Trophy
Nations Cup
Piruetten
Goodwill Games
Novarat Trophy
4th
2nd
3rd
2nd
5th
3rd
2nd
1st
5th
2nd
3rd
5th
1st
1st
5th
1st
J ANUARY 1994 ATTACK
Main article: Tonya Harding: The Kerrigan attack
Kerrigan gained considerable fame beyond the skating world when, on January 6,
1994, she was clubbed in the right knee with a collapsible police baton by Shane Stant
at the U.S. Figure Skating Championships at Cobo Arena in Detroit, an assault
planned by rival Tonya Harding's ex-husband Jeff Gillooly and friend Shawn
Eckardt.
Kerrigan was captured on camera after the attack grabbing her knee and wailing
"Why, why, why". This video became a staple of nearly every news organization in
the days after the attack.Though Kerrigan was forced to withdraw from the U.S.
Championships due to injury, the USFSA chose to name her to the Olympic team
rather than second-place finisher Michelle Kwan.
43
Kerrigan recovered quickly from her knee injury and resumed her intensive training.
She practiced by doing complete back-to-back double runthroughs of her programs,
until she felt completely confident in her ability to compete under pressure. At the
same time, the fame she had acquired from the attack led to further professional
opportunities; it was reported that she had already signed contracts for $9.5 million
before the Olympic competition began.
1994 W INTER O LYMPICS AND POST - EVENT CONTROVERSY
Seven weeks after the attack, Kerrigan skated what she considered to be the best two
performances of her life and won the silver medal in the 1994 Lillehammer Winter
Olympics at the Hamar Olympic Amphitheatre, finishing second to Oksana Baiul.
Kerrigan had won the short program, but lost the free skate to Baiul in a close and
controversial 5–4 decision.CBS Television further played up the controversy by
portraying it as a Cold War east/west split, particularly singling out German judge
Jan Hoffmann for supposedly biased judging.
Then, while Kerrigan and bronze medalist Chen Lu waited over 20 minutes for
Olympic officials to find a copy of the Ukrainian anthem, someone mistakenly told
Kerrigan the delay in the presentation was because Baiul was putting on make-up.
Kerrigan, showing obvious frustration, was caught on-camera saying "Oh, come on.
So she's going to get out here and cry again. What's the difference?".CBS chose to air
the undiplomatic comment, marking a distinct shift in the way Kerrigan was
portrayed in the media, which had been somewhat protective of her image up to that
point because of the attack against her.
Kerrigan then chose not to attend the closing ceremonies at the Olympics; her agent
claimed this was because Norwegian security had advised her not to do so due to
death threats that had been made against her, but this was later denied.Instead,
Kerrigan left Norway to take part in a pre-arranged publicity parade at Walt Disney
World, her $2 million sponsor.
During the parade, she was caught on microphone saying "This is dumb. I hate it.
This is the most corniest thing I have ever done."She later said her remarks had been
taken out of context: she was commenting not on being in the parade, but on having
to wear her silver medal in the parade.
News articles described Kerrigan as "grumpy" and "bitchy", as well as shy and
uncomfortable with the attention that was focused on her as a result of the
attack.Commenting on the media backlash, Mike Barnicle of The Boston Globe said
"Now the thing is over so we've got to kill her. That's us [the media], not
her."Whether as a result of the bad publicity or her own inclinations, some of
Kerrigan's previously-announced endorsement and television deals were dropped
following the Olympics.
44
Kerrigan's Olympic skating fashions
Nancy Kerrigan's Olympic skating outfits were designed by noted fashion designer
Vera Wang. Along with Christian Lacroix's designs for Surya Bonaly in 1992, Wang's
designs marked a new trend for couture designs in figure skating.Kerrigan's white
1992 free skating costume resembled a wedding dress with sheer illusion sleeves and
a basketweave design on the bodice. For the 1994 games, Kerrigan wore another
white dress by Wang, trimmed with black velvet bands and sheer black sleeves for
the original program, and a champagne-colored dress set with 11,500 rhinestones for
the free skate. Wang donated the latter two dresses to Kerrigan; their value was
estimated at $9,600 and $13,000, respectively.
Kerrigan retired from active competition after the Olympics. She subsequently
appeared in a few professional competitions such as Ice Wars, but instead chose to
focus her professional career on performing in a variety of ice shows. She has
appeared in Champions on Ice, Broadway on Ice, and an ice show adaptation of the
musical Footloose, among other productions.She played a small part in the 2007 film
Blades of Glory with Will Ferrell. Kerrigan also appeared in the 2006 FOX television
program Skating with Celebrities.She hosted Nancy Kerrigan's World of Skating on
the Comcast Network and has also done commentary work for other skating
broadcasts. During the 2010 Winter Olympics, Kerrigan served as a "special
correspondent" for Entertainment Tonight.She has written an instructional book on
advanced figure skating technique, Artistry on Ice (ISBN 0-7360-3697-0).In 2003,
Kerrigan became a national spokeswoman for Fight for Sight (U.S.).Kerrigan was
inducted into the United States Figure Skating Hall of Fame in 2004.She was honored
at Ice Theatre of New York's annual benefit gala in 2008.
SPONSOR
45
T HE EFFECT
OF TELEVI SION
Compulsory figures formerly accounted for up to 60% of the score in singles figure
skating, which meant that skaters who could build up a big lead in figures could win
competitions even if they were mediocre free skaters. As television coverage of
skating events became more important, so did free skating. Beginning in 1968, the
ISU began to progressively reduce the weight of figures, and in 1973, the short
program was introduced. With these changes, the emphasis in competitive figure
skating shifted to increasing athleticism in the free skating. By the time figures were
finally eliminated entirely from competition in 1990, Midori Ito had landed the first
triple axel by a woman, and Kurt Browning the first quadruple jump by a
man.Television also played a role in removing the restrictive amateur status rules
that once governed the sport. To retain skaters who might otherwise have given up
their eligibility to participate in lucrative professional events, in 1995 the ISU
introduced prize money at its major competitions, funded by revenues from selling
the TV rights to those events.
Present day
Figure skating is a very popular part of the Winter Olympic Games. Countries who
have produced many successful skaters in recent decades include Russia and the
former Soviet Union, the United States, Canada, Germany and Japan. The sport is
currently experiencing a surge in popularity in Asia, particularly in Japan, China and
South Korea, as well as in the Nordic countries such as Norway, Finland, and
Sweden.
On April 6, 2011, the International Olympic Committee officially confirmed the
approval of a team event, to be introduced at the 2014 Winter Olympics.Each team
will be composed of a men's and ladies single skater, a pair, and an ice dancing team.
Ten teams may compete, with five eliminated after the short program.
Figure skating is an expensive sport, particularly due to the costs of ice time and
coaching. Some national associations provide some degree of funding to skaters on
the national team. In Germany, many elite skaters choose to join the army to sponsor
their skatin
Maya Valentinovna Usova (Russian: Майя Валентиновна Усова), born 22 May
1964 in Gorky (now Nizhny Novgorod) is a Russian ice dancer. She won the 1993
World Championships with partner and then-husband Alexander Zhulin. They also
won bronze and silver medals at the 1992 and 1994 Olympic Winter Games,
respectively.
46
Maya Usova Olympic medalist
Figure skating
Competitor for the
Unified Team
Bronze
1992 Albertville
Ice dancing
Silver
Competitor for
Russia
1994 Lillehammer
Ice dancing
Full name
Maya Valentinovna
Usova
Country represented
Russia
Former country(ies)
represented
Soviet Union
Born
22 May 1964 (age 47)
Nizhny Novgorod
Height
160 cm (5.2 ft)
Former partner
Alexander Zhulin
Skating club
Profsoyuz Moskva /
Sportsclub Moskva
Retired
1994
Usova and Zhulin
47
Alexander Zhulin.
Usova and Zhulin later divorced. They skated professionally together for four years
before parting company. Usova then skated with former ice dancing rival and fellow
countryman Evgeny Platov, who had won two Olympic gold medals with Oksana
Grishuk.
Between 2002 and 2004, Usova helped Tatiana Tarasova and skating partner Evgeny
Platov coach numerous skaters, including Galit Chait and Sergei Sakhnovsky and
Shizuka Arakawa.
Tatiana Tarasova
Galit Chait
48
Galit Chait-Sergei Sakhnovsky
She currently coaches at the Igloo in Mt. Laurel, New Jersey. She is married to a
Russian professor in medicine, Anatoly Orletsky.In 2010, she gave birth to their
daughter, Anastasia.
Usova is an International Technical Specialist for Russia.
Off the ice, she has appeared in several Marlboro advertisements in Russia.
R ESULTS
( WITH Z HULIN )
Event
Winter Olympic
Games
World
Championships
European
Championships
Soviet
Championships
Skate America
1983- 1984- 1985- 1986- 1987- 1988- 1989- 1990- 1991- 1992- 199384
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
3rd
2nd
3rd
Prize of Moscow
News
Winter
Universiade
3rd
3rd
2nd
1st
4th
2nd
2nd
3rd
2nd
1st
3rd
2nd
2nd
1st
3rd
2nd
1st
1st
Nations Cup
NHK Trophy
Nebelhorn
Trophy
2nd
1st
4th
1st
3rd
2nd
2nd
2nd
49
1st
1st
1st
1st
3rd
Tatyana Aleksandrovna Navka
(Russian: Татьяна Александровна Навка)
(born April 13, 1975 in Dnipropetrovsk, Ukrainian SSR) is a Russian ice dancer who
has also competed for the Soviet Union and Belarus.
She is the 2006 Olympic Champion with partner Roman Kostomarov
She originally skated for the Soviet Union with Samuel Gezalian. Following the fall
of the Soviet Union, Navka and Gezalian began skating for Belarus. They placed 11th
at the 1994 Winter Olympics. When that partnership fell through, Navka partnered
with Nikolai Morozov, with whom she competed at the 1998 Winter Olympics, also
for Belarus.
Navka left Morozov in 1998. She then partnered with Roman Kostomarov and began
competing for Russia. After taking a year off after the birth of her daughter, Navka
began competing in earnest. Nakva and Kostomarov won the World Championship
in 2004 and 2005, as well as the European Championships. They are the 2006
Olympic champions in ice dancing.
Navka was married to Alexander Zhulin. They have one daughter, Sasha, born in the
summer of 2000. She was briefly married to Nikolai Morozov, so she could obtain
citizenship for Belarus.
Navka took part in TV projects of Channel One Russia: Stars On Ice (winner in
couple with actor Marat Basharov) and Ice Age (runner-up in couple with actor Ville
Haapasalo). In the 2008/2009 season of Ice Age she again was runner-up, partnered
with actor Vadim Kolganov.
In September 2008 Navka together with professional dancer Alexander Litvinenko
took part in Eurovision Dance Contest 2008.
50
Tatyana Navka - Roman Kostomarov
Nikolai Alexandrovich Morozov (Russian: Николай Александрович Морозов;
born 17 December 1975 in Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union) is a Russian former
competitive ice dancer, who works as a coach and a choreographer.
C OACHING CAREER
After his retirement, Morozov became a coaching assistant for Tatiana Tarasova. He
later left Tarasova and began coaching and choreographing on his own. Morozov's
main coaching base was formerly the Ice House in Hackensack, New Jersey (United
States). He returned to Moscow after the Russian government asked him to help in
the preparation for the 2014 Sochi Olympics.He is based mainly at the Novogorsk
national training center in Moscow, and during summers, also spends time in New
Jersey. He dismissed claims that the Russian skating federation had requested he
stop working with non-Russian skaters.
51
His current and former students include:
Ladies' single skaters
Miki Ando.Coached her to win the 2007 and 2011 World Championships.
He is also her choreographer.
Shizuka Arakawa.Coached her to win the Olympic gold medal in 2006.
Elene Gedevanishvili,Elena Glebova,Valentina Marchei,Fumie Suguri,Alena Leonova
Nobunari Oda
Elena Glebova
Men's single skaters
Florent Amodio.Coached him to win the 2011 European Championships.
Javier Fernández, he is also his choreographer,Austin Kanallakan,Daisuke
Murakami,Nobunari Oda,Kevin van der Perren,Adam Rippon,Daisuke Takahashi,
coached him to win the silver medal at the 2007 World Championships, Sergei
Voronov
Sergei Voronov
52
Ice dancers
·
·
·
·
·
Shae-Lynn Bourne & Victor Kraatz. Coached them to win the 2003 World
Championships.
Anna Cappellini & Luca Lanotte
Kristin Fraser & Igor Lukanin.
Melissa Gregory & Denis Petukhov.
Elena Grushina & Ruslan Goncharov. Coached them to an Olympic Bronze
medal in 2006.
Ruslan Goncharov
Elena Grushina
·
Nóra Hoffmann & Attila Elek.
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
Svetlana Kulikova & Arseni Markov.
Emilie Nussear & Mathew Gates.
Cathy Reed & Chris Reed
Isabella Tobias & Otar Japaridze.
Jennifer Wester & Daniil Barantsev.
Anna Zadorozhniuk & Sergei Verbillo.
Alexandra Zaretski & Roman Zaretski.
53
Hungary
·
Elena Ilinykh & Nikita Katsalapov
Pair skaters
·
Tatiana Volosozhar & Stanislav Morozov.
Choreographing career
His current and former choreography clients include
·
Alisa Drei
·
Ivan Dinev.
·
Sasha Cohen
·
Elene Gedevanishvili.
·
Julia Golovina & Oleg Voiko.
·
Takeshi Honda.
54
Brian Joubert.
·
·
·
·
·
·
Tamar Katz.
Alexandra Kauc & Michał Zych.
Michelle Kwan.
Ann Patrice McDonough.
Elena Muhhina.
Pang Qing & Tong Jian.
55
Alban Préaubert
·
·
·
·
·
·
Annick Dumont
Alban Préaubert.
Scott Smith.
Yosuke Takeuchi.
Tatiana Volosozhar & Maxim Trankov.
Xu Ming.
Alexei Yagudin.
Elvis Stojko
Country
represented
Canada
Born
March 22, 1972 (age 39)
Height
170 cm (5.6 ft)
Former coach
Uschi Keszler, Doug
Leigh
Skating club
Richmond Hill FSC
Retired
2002
Silver
Silver
Figure skating
1994 Lillehammer
Men's singles
1998 Nagano
Men's singles
56
Elvis Stojko (CAN) lands the first quad in combination, the first quadruple toe
loop-double toe loop combination, at the World Championships.1991.
first quad-triple combination (the first quad toe-triple toe) at the Champions Series
Final.
A total of three quads are landed by three different skaters at this competition:
Ilya Kulik (RUS), Alexei Urmanov (RUS) and Elvis Stojko (CAN) 1997.
Alexei Urmanov
Surya Bonaly
Personal information Country represented France
Born December 15, 1973 (age 37)
Residence Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
Former coach Didier Gailhaguet, Suzanne Bonaly, Alain Giletti
Skating club AC Boulogne Billancourt
Retired 1998
Event
1987- 1988- 1989- 1990- 1991- 1992- 1993- 1994- 1995- 1996- 199788
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
Winter Olympics
World
Championships
European
Championships
World Junior
Championships
French
Championships
Skate America
4th
10th
9th
5th
8th
4th
1st
3rd
2nd
1st
1st
1st
1st
6th
5th
5th
4th
11th 2nd
2nd
2nd
5th
1st
1st
1st
1st
2nd
9th
6th
1st
1st
1st
1st
1st
1st
2nd
2nd
3rd
4th
3rd
57
10th
Skate Canada
International
Trophée Lalique
Cup of Russia
NHK Trophy
Nations Cup
Nebelhorn
Trophy
Piruetten
1st
7th
7th
1st
1st
5th
3rd
1st
1st
1st
3rd
4th
2nd
2nd
1st
1st
1st
2nd
4th
1st
4th
She toured with the Champions on Ice skating show for several years until they went
out of business after the 2007 season. Bonaly also recently completed shows in Russia
with Evgeni Plushenko and was a guest skater at Ice Theatre of New York's
December 2008 gala in NYC where she successfully performed her signature
backflip.
Irina
Irina Eduardovna Slutskaya (Russian: Ири́на Эдуа́рдовна Слу́цкая Irina
Eduardovna Slutskaya; born February 9, 1979) is a Russian figure skater. She is a
two-time World Champion (2002, 2005), two-time Olympic medalist (silver in 2002,
bronze in 2006), seven-time European Champion (1996, 1997, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2005,
2006), a four-time Grand Prix Final Champion (2000–2002, 2005) and a four-time
Russian National Champion (2000–2002, 2005). Slutskaya, known for her athletic
ability, was the first female skater to land a triple lutz-triple loop combination. She is
also known for her trademark double Biellmann spin with a foot change, which she
also invented.
She is generally considered to be the most successful ladies' singles skater in Russian
history.
58
Country
represented
Russia
Born
February 9,
1979 (age 32)
Residence
Moscow,
Russia
Height
160 cm
(5.2 ft)
Coach
Zhanna
Gromova
Skating
club
Sport Club
Moskvitch
C AREER
Slutskaya started skating at the age of four and was coached by Zhanna Gromova
since the age of six and throughout her competitive career. During her career,
Slutskaya won a total of 40 gold medals, 21 silver medals, and 18 bronze medals.
In 1996, Slutskaya became the first Russian woman to win the European title. She
also won the title in 1997. She finished third at the 1996 World Championships and
fourth in 1997.
At the 1998 Winter Olympics, she finished fifth in a very close free skate fight for the
bronze. Maria Butyrskaya, Lu Chen, and Irina were 3rd, 4th, 5th respectively after
the short program. Although these 3 skaters each made 1 mistake, Chen and
Butyrskaya's were step outs while Irina had a fall. Lu Chen ended up edging
Butyrksaya 5–4 for the bronze. Chen also edged Slutskaya 6–3.
59
The next month she took a silver medal at the 1998 World Championships. The 1998–
99 season was not a good season for her. She did not win any competitions that
season and missed both the European and the World Championships. She almost
decided to stop skating and call it a career.
Slutskaya made a successful comeback at the 2000 Grand Prix Final. She landed
seven clean triples, including two triple-triple combinations and became the first
woman to do a triple lutz-triple loop combination. She later won her third European
title and won a silver medal at the 2000 World Championships with Michelle Kwan
winning the gold.
At the 2001 World Championships, she became the first woman to land a triple
salchow-triple loop-double toe loop combination and won the silver medal. She lost
in a 7–2 decision to Michelle Kwan. Kwan had no visible mistakes while Slutskaya
badly two-footed her triple lutz-triple loop-double toe loop combination and had two
sloppy landings.
Slutskaya won silver at the 2002 Winter Olympics and became the second Russian
ever to win a medal in the women's event. The competition had been billed in
advance as a head-to-head battle between Slutskaya and American Michelle Kwan.
After the short program, as expected, Kwan and Slutskaya placed first and second
with Sasha Cohen and Sarah Hughes of the U.S. placing third and fourth,
respectively. Many expected the free skate to play out like the 2000 and 2001 World
Championships where Kwan and Slutskaya would fight for gold. Unexpectedly,
Kwan made mistakes in her free skate, but still led American Sarah Hughes in the
overall standings. Slutskaya had to win the free skate in order to win gold. Slutskaya
skated a nervous performance with minor errors throughout. Hughes won the free
skate in a 5–4 decision against Slutskaya, and with Kwan finishing in third behind
Slutskaya, Hughes won the gold overall. Russia, still somewhat aggrieved about the
outcome of an earlier dispute over the pairs competition, filed a complaint against
the result but it was rejected shortly. The next month she won the World title in
Nagano. Going into the freeskate, Slutskaya had an advantage. She had finished 1st
in both the qualifying and short program. Fumie Suguri was 2nd, and Kwan was
only in 3rd after a shaky short program. Slutskaya could lose to Kwan in the free
skate (e.g. finish 2nd to Kwan) and still win. Regardless, she skated a strong
performance and a majority of the judges named Slutskaya the winner of the free
skate. This was her first world title.
Illness and comeback
Slutskaya chose not to compete at the 2003 World Championships after receiving
news that her mother had fallen seriously ill, requiring a kidney transplant.
60
The initial transplant was rejected and another one had to be performed.However,
soon after her mother's condition began improving, Slutskaya's own health sharply
deteriorated, including fatigue and swelling in the legs.She went to several hospitals
which struggled to correctly diagnose her condition. Doctors told her that she should
stay away from the cold, but she refused and finished 9th at the 2004 World
Championships.She was diagnosed with vasculitis.
Podium
In 2005, Slutskaya made a strong comeback after a long stay at a hospital. She won
both the European and World titles. Being the first World Championships to be held
under the new CoP system, Irina was the last to skate [1st after Short Program]. She
made it her moment, as she skated a near-perfect program. Shedding tears while
receiving her very high marks, the crowd chanted "Ira, Ira" (a diminutive from Irina),
and she was overcome with emotion. In an interview, she said:
“
This is the question they ask: how could you get up after your fall last
year? That's not right at all. You can't talk that way. When a person is ill,
it's not a fall, it's a misfortune. And no one, unfortunately, is safe from
that. I only want to say to those who don't believe in their [own capacity
for] recovery: believe, fight...I got up — you can too.
61
”
To this day, she still recalls that the 2005 World Championships Free Skate was "the
skate of her life." Although she has had perfect performances before, to her this was
more special because "she was in front of her friends and family, and she was skating
at home".
2005.
Cohen
Kostner
On January 19, 2006, Slutskaya won the European Championships for the seventh
time. In 2005, she had already tied the record for the most European Championship
victories (with 6), and added another to her collection, becoming the most successful
Ladies Skater at the European Championships.
At the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy, Slutskaya was one of the heavy favorites
to win the gold medal. She was in second place after the short program, behind Sasha
Cohen of the United States. In the long program, Slutskaya doubled a triple flip and
then fell on a triple loop jump. She won the bronze medal, behind gold medalist
Shizuka Arakawa of Japan and silver medalist Cohen. Slutskaya did not compete in
the 2006 World Figure Skating Championships the following month, and has not
skated in competition since. In November 2006, she denied reports that claimed she
was retiring from competitive figure skating, saying the reports were completely
false.
62
Gala
Post-competitive career
On April 10, 2007 Slutskaya announced she was returning to Russia from the United
States and would not participate on the 2007 Champions on Ice tour after finding out
she and her husband, Sergei, were expecting a child.Slutskaya stated that she was
enjoying motherhood and had no plans to return to skating competitively. "I don’t
see the target," she said. "I don’t know why I have to go there. I have almost all the
titles."
She began a career in showbusiness. She presented figure skating reality shows on
Russia Channel 1 "Stars on Ice" with co-host Yevgeni Plushenko and "Ice Age" with
actor Marat Basharov. She has released CD, too. In 2008, she took part in a Russian
TV soap opera about figure skating "Hot Ice".She has also toured as the lead skater in
the Russian version of the show "Winx on Ice".
In November 2008, Slutskaya performed in the "Skate from the Heart" show. In 2009,
she was inducted into the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame.
P ERSONAL LIFE
Slutskaya was born in 1979 in Moscow, Russian SFSR, USSR, the only child of a
Russian mother and Jewish father. Her mother was a former cross-country skier for
the Soviet Union.
In August 1999, Slutskaya married her on-and-off boyfriend of three years, Sergei
Mikheev. They had met each other at a summer camp near Moscow, where Mikheev
was a physical education instructor. She gave birth to a son, named Artem, in
November 2007 in Moscow. Regretting not having siblings herself, she said she
would like another child. In October 2010, she gave birth to their second child, a
daughter named Varvara.
63
R ECORDS AND ACHIEVEMENTS
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
Invented the double Biellmann spin with foot change
First Russian woman to win European title (1996)
First woman to land triple lutz, triple loop combination in competition (2000
Grand Prix Final)
First woman to land a triple salchow, triple loop, double toe-loop combination
(2001 World Championships)
First Russian woman skater to win a silver medal at the Olympics (2002 Salt
Lake City)
Four-time Russian Nationals champion
Four-time Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final Champion
Two-time World Champion (2002, 2005)
First woman ever to win seven European titles (2006)
Event
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
–93 –94 –95 –96 –97 –98 –99 –00 –01 –02 –03 –04 –05 –06
Winter
Olympic
Games
World
Championsh
ips
European
Championsh
ips
World
Junior
8th 3rd
Championsh
ips
Russian
Championsh
3rd
ips
Russian
Junior
1st
Championsh
ips
Grand Prix
5th
2nd
3rd
7th 3rd 4th 2nd
2nd 2nd 1st WD 9th 1st
5th 1st
1st
1st 2nd
1st 2nd 1st WD 1st
1st
1st
3rd 2nd 3rd 4th 4th 1st
1st
1st 2nd WD 1st
2nd 3rd 4th 3rd 1st
1st
1st 2nd
64
1st 2nd
Final
Skate
America
Skate
Canada
Internationa
l
Sparkassen
Cup
Cup of
China
Trophée
Lalique
Cup of
Russia
NHK
Trophy
Finlandia
Trophy
Goodwill
Games
NebelhornT.
Winter
Universiade
3rd 3rd
1st 3rd
1st 2nd
1st 2nd
3rd
1st
1st
1st
1st
4th
1st
1st 3rd 1st
1st
1st 3rd
2nd
1st
2nd
1st
6th
1st
5th
1st
1st
2nd
I NJURIES AND HEALTH ISSUES
Competitive skaters generally do not wear helmets or other protective gear. There is
a risk of head injuries, particularly in pair skating as a result of falls from
lifts.Although pair skaters are most susceptible, serious head injuries can occur in all
disciplines, including ice dancing. Partners have accidentally slashed each other, as
well as skaters from different teams when there are many skaters practicing on the
ice. This has sometimes occurred when partners drift too close during side-by-side
camel spins. Several female pair skaters have suffered head/face injuries during this
element, including Elena Berezhnaya, Jessica Dubé, and Galina Maniachenko. Single
and pair skaters may develop serious damage to their hips after many years of
practicing jumps and throws. Foot, knee, and back injuries may affect all four
disciplines.
Collisions in practices occur occasionally. Midori Ito collided with Laetitia Hubert at
the 1991 World Championships, while Oksana Baiul and Tanja Szewczenko collided
at the 1994 Olympics, but all went on to compete. On practice sessions with multiple
skaters on the ice, the skater whose music is playing conventionally has right of way.
65
In addition, pairs and ice dancers skating as a unit have right of way over those
skating separately as changing course is more difficult for a couple.
Eating disorders and disordered eating are reportedly common in figure skating
Ice rink
Michelle Kwan
Michelle Wingshan Kwan
(關穎珊 Guān Y ngshān)
Born
1980. július 7. (31 )
Torrance, Kalifornia,
Skating
Klub
Country
represented
Former coach
USA
Los Angeles FSC
USA
Rafael Arutunian, Frank Carroll, Scott Williams
Tatyjana Taraszova, Lori Nichol, Nyikolaj Morozov, Sarah
Kawahara, Peter Oppegard, Karen Kwan, Christopher Dean
66
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
-94 -95 -96 -97 -98 –99 –00 –01 –02 –03 –04 –05
Olympic Game
2.
3.
World Ch
8.
4. 1.
2. 1.
2. 1.
1. 2.
1. 3.
4.
U.S. Ch.
2.
2. 1.
2. 1.
1. 1.
1. 1.
1. 1.
1.
Grand Prix final
2.
2. 2.
Skate America
7.
2. 1.
1. 1.
1.
1. 1.
1.
Skate Canada
1.
1.
1.
2. 3.
Goodwill Games 2.
1.
2.
Trophée Lalique
3.
1.
Gala
Sasha Cohen
Cohen performs an arabesque spiral .
67
Full name Alexandra Pauline Cohen
United States Born October 26, 1984 (age 26)
Country represented
Westwood, Los Angeles, California Home town Newport Beach, California
Height 1.58 m (5 ft 2 in)
Coach John Nicks Former coach Rafael Arutunian, John Nicks,
Tatiana Tarasova, Robin Wagner
Choreographer Lori Nichol, Nikolai Morozov
Former choreographer David Wilson, Tatiana Tarasova, Marina Zoueva, Igor
Shpilband, Robin Wagner, Ekaterina Gordeeva
Skating club Orange County
I-spin
68
Sasha Cohen
Event
1997– 1998– 1999– 2000– 2001– 2002– 2003– 2004– 2005– 2009–
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2010
Winter Olympic
Games
World
Championships
World Junior
6th
Championships
U.S.
6th N. 2nd J. 2nd
Championships
2nd
4th
WD
Grand Prix Final
Skate America
Skate Canada
International
Trophée Eric
Bompard
4th
4th
2nd
2nd
3rd
2nd
3rd
2nd
2nd
1st
1st
2nd
1st
5th
3rd
69
1st
1st
1st
1st
4th
WD
2nd
WD
Cup of Russia
Nations Cup
Finlandia Trophy
Junior Grand
Prix, Sweden
Gardena Spring
Trophy
Pacific Coast
Sectionals
Southwest
Pacific Regionals
4th
5th
2nd
1st
1st
1st J.
2nd
N.
2nd
N.
1st J.
1st
1st J.
Bay-bay
70
GALA
Shizuka Arakawa
Country represented
Japan
Born December 29, 1981 (age 29) Residence Simsbury, Connecticut Height 165 cm
(5.41 ft) Former coach Nikolai Morozov, Evgeni Platov, Nanami Abe, Tatiana
Tarasova, Richard Callaghan, Minoru Sano, Kumiko Sato, Hiroshi Nagakubo
Event
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
–94 –95 –96 –97 –98 –99 –00 –01 –02 –03 –04 –05 –06
Winter
Olympics
13th
World
Championshi
ps
Four
Continents
Championshi
ps
World Junior
Championshi
ps
Japanese
Championshi
ps
1st
22n
d
8th
6th
8th
7th
1st
9th
6th 2nd 2nd
8th
2nd 1st
1st
71
5th 2nd 2nd 3rd 3rd WD 3rd
Japanese
Junior
Championshi
ps
Asian Winter
Games
1st
1st
1st
2nd
1st
Grand Prix
Final
Cup of China
Trophée Eric
Bompard
Cup of
Russia
NHK Trophy
Skate
America
Skate Canada
International
Sparkassen
Cup
Winter
Universiade
Nebelhorn
2nd 1st
Trophy
Triglav
1st
Trophy
N.
4th 3rd 2nd
3rd
9th
6th
7th
7th
6th
8th
5th
9th
2nd
5th
2nd
3rd
1st
4th
3rd
2nd
5th
7th
1st
Gala practice
72
3rd
Rena INOUE / John BALDWIN /USA/
Inoue was a two-time Olympian for Japan in both single and pairs. Inoue's best
singles result was 5th place at the 1994 Junior Worlds. She received U.S. citizenship
in 2005. Baldwin hails from a skating family. Both his parents were skaters, his father
was a National Champion in singles and pairs and his brother Don is also a figure
skater. Baldwin has been on the U.S. National team since 1986 and was the 1991
National Junior Champion and 1990 World Junior Bronze medallist in singles.
Inoue/Baldwin are the first couple to have landed a throw triple Axel in competition
(2006 National Championships) and international competition (2006 Olympic Winter
Games). The couple switched coaches following the 2008/09 season. Coaches Jenni
Meno and Todd Sand are three-time World medallists in Pair Skating.
73
Rena INOUE / John BALDWIN /USA/
74
Tanith BELBIN
BenjaminAGOSTO
Date of birth: 11.07.1984.
Date of birth: 15.01.1982
Place of birth: Kingston /CAN/
Place of birth: Chicago, IL
Coach: Natalia Linichuk, Gennadi Karpanossov
Choreographer: Natalia Linichuk Former Coach: Igor Shpilband, Marina Zueva
75
Event
1999– 2000– 2001– 2002– 2003– 2004– 2005– 2006– 2007– 2008– 2009–
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
Winter Olympic
Games
World
Championships
Four Continents
Championships
World Junior
3rd
Championships
2nd
17th 13th
7th
5th
2nd
3rd
3rd
2nd
2nd
1st
1st
1st
2nd
2nd
2nd
1st
1st
1st
3rd
2nd
1st
1st
1st
U.S.
1st J. 2nd
Championships
Grand Prix
Final
Skate America
Cup of China
Trophée
Lalique
Cup of Russia
Nebelhorn
Trophy
Goodwill
Games
Junior Grand
4th 1st
Prix Final
Junior Grand
1st
Prix, Mexico
Junior Grand
1st
Prix, Germany
Junior Grand
Prix, Canada
Junior Grand
Prix, Japan
4th
5th
6th
3rd
3rd
4th
2nd
1st
1st
WD
2nd
WD
2nd
WD
WD
2nd
1st
1st
2nd
2nd
1st
1st
1st
4th
2nd
1st
1st
5th
1st
2nd
76
PODIUM
Gala
EDVIN MARTON & PLUSHENKO
77
Evgeni Plushenko
Country represented
Russia Born November 3, 1982 (age 28)
Solnechny, Khabarovsk Krai Residence Saint Petersburg Height 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in)
Coach Alexei Mishin Former coach Mikhail Makoveev Choreographer David Avdish
Gold 2006 Turin Silver 2002 Salt Lake City Silver 2010 Vancouver
Skate Canada
1st
1st
International
Bofrost Cup on
1st 1st 1st
1st
Ice
Trophée
1st 2004– 2005– 2009–
1995– 1996– 1997– 1998– 1999- 2000– 2001– 2002– 2003–
Lalique
Event
96
97 2nd
98 2nd
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
10
Cup of Russia
4th
1st
1st
1st
1st
1st
1st
1st
1st
Winter
NHK Trophy
1st 1st 1st
2nd
1st 2nd
Olympic
Finlandia
Games
7th 3rd
1st
Trophy
World
1st 1st WD
Blue Swords
1st 3rd 2nd 4th 1st
Championships
European
European
1st 2nd 1st 1st
1st
Youth
1st 2nd 2nd 1st 1st
Championships
Olympics
World Junior
6th 1st
Goodwill
Championships
2nd
1st
Games
Russian
6th 4th 3rd 1st 1st 1st 1st
1st
1st 1st
1st
Championships
Grand Prix
5th 3rd 1st 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st
Final
Skate America
2nd
78
practice
79
Edvin Marton
„NON PLUShenko ULTRA“!
80
Júlia Sebestyén
Personal information Country represented
Hungary Born May 14, 1981 (age 30)
Miskolc Residence Budapest Height 1.64 m (5 ft 5 in) Coach Gurgen Vardanyan
Former coach András Száraz Eszter Jurek Choreographer Jerena Ipakjan
Nina Petrenko Skating club Tiszaújvárosi SC
She competed at the 2002 Winter Olympics and placed 8th. In 2003 bronze medal, she
won the 2004 European Figure Skating Championships, gold medal.
Jurek Eszter
Száraz András
Sebestyen has competed at European Championships since 1995 and at World
Championships since 1998. She is a four-time Olympian (1998, 2002, 2006, 2010).
81
JULI
Carolina KOSTNER /ITA/
Date of birth: 08.02.1987 Place of birth: Bolzano Height: 169 cm Home town: Ortisei
Profession: student Hobbies: art, music, reading, sports Start sk. / Club: 1990 /
Fiamme Azzurre
Practice
Coach: Michael Huth Choreographer: Lori Nichol Former Coach: C. Fassi, F. Carroll,
E. de Bernardis, F. Juricek Practice low season: 48 h / week at Oberstdorf/GER
Practice high season: 48 h / week at Oberstdorf/GER
82
2005
Kostner won the first European Ladies title for Italy in history (in 2007). She is the
first Italian lady to medal at World Championships (bronze in 2005) since Susanna
Driano took the bronze medal at the 1978 World Championships. Kostner is also the
first Italian single skater to win a medal at Junior Worlds (bronze in 2003). She is a
cousin and godchild of famous Italian skier Isolde Kostner and says she feels
inspired by her. Kostner's mother Patrizia was a nationally ranked figure skater in
the 1970s and her father Erwin played ice hockey on the National Italian team at
World Championships and Olympic Games. Kostner has two brothers, Martin (one
year older) and Simon (three years younger). Simon plays ice hockey competitively.
Kostner switched coaches after the 2009/10 season and returned to long-time coach
Michael Huth after training one season in the USA.
World Champ:. Thwo bronze, one silver
83
European Champ: Three gold, thwo silver, one bronze
International Competition
SBS ISU Grand Prix Final
2008/2009 Goyang City
ISU GP Trophee Eric Bompard
Paris
ISU GP Samsung Anycall Cup
of China 2009 Beijing
12th Merano Cup 2009 Merano
Year Place International Competition
ISU GP NHK Trophy 2010
2008 3.
Nagoya
ISU GP Skate America 2010
2009 6.
Portland OR
ISU GP Final 2010/2011 Beijing
2009 6.
Gardena Spring Trophy 2011
2009 1. Gardena
Year Place
2010 1.
2010 3.
2010 2.
2011 1.
Carolina at „OPERA ON ICE“
On October 1st 2011 the famous Arena di Verona will host the show "Opera on Ice", a
spectacular figure skating gala in which the big champions will be presenting
selected acts from the 2012 opera season (Don Giovanni, Aida, Carmen, Romeo and
Juliet, Turandot, Tosca). Carolina has been selected as the testimonial of this event!
JULIET
Verona
Sport, art and the Opera music together for a new show in the Arena: Opera on Ice.
This new event presented on board of the cruise ship Voyager of the Seas in Venice
will take place on 1st October and Queen of this special night in Verona will be
Carolina Kostner, a famous italian / international ice skater. With her, another
world olympic champion, Stephane Lambiel will dance on ice. Their performance
will be on the note of the famous operas of the season 2012 in the Arena: Don
Giovanni, Aida, Carmen, Romeo and Juliet, Turandot and Tosca. A part of the
income of this night will be give for charity.
In general sports are not allowed in the Arena, but this event is considered a way of
making art and it is an occasion to create a new show that could be repeated every
year.
84
In Oberstdorf, Germany
The skating centre in Oberstdorf, Germany is well known and very popular with
figure skaters from all over the world. This summer many national and international
skaters attended the annual summer camp to prepare for the upcoming season.
Approximately 140 skaters from 20 countries took part in the eighth annual
international “IceDome” training camp that is organized by coach Michael Huth and
his wife Claudia. The “IceDome” camp consists of two blocks: one from June 18 to
July 17 and the other August 6-20. Among the skaters who attended the first session
were World bronze medalist Carolina Kostner, ice dancers Nelli Zhiganshina and
Alexander Gazsi and about 140 novice and junior skaters from Scandinavia, England,
the Czech Republic and Canada. At the same time, other residents and regular
guests such as Michal Březina, the German pairs skaters Maylin Hausch and Daniel
Wende and Italian pairs skaters Stefania Berton and Ondrej Hotarek worked on their
new programs. Hausch and Wende had previously spent two weeks in Detroit and
a couple of days in Andalo, Italy training with Tamara Moskvina’s group (which
included Yuko Kavaguti and Alexander Smirnov and Katarina Gerboldt and
Alexander Enbert) before returning to Germany.
Tomáš Verner
Country represented: Czech Republic
Born 3 June 1986 (age 25)
Former coach: Michael Huth
Former training locations Oberstdorf
Bronze
Gold
Silver
Competitor for the
Czech Republic
Men's Figure Skating
2011 Bern
Men's singles
2008 Zagreb
Men's singles
2007 Warsaw
Men's singles
85
Tomas Verner
86
Carolina Koster & Michael Huth & Annette Dytrt
87
Peter Liebers
Carolina Kostner
88
Stéphane Lambiel
Country represented
Switzerland
Born April 2, 1985 (age 26)Martigny, Valais Home town Saxon Height 1.75 m
(5 ft 9 in) Coach Peter Grütter Former coach Viktor Petrenko
Galina Zmievskaya Choreographer Salome Brunner
Antonio Najarro Skating club Patineurs de Genève Retired March 9, 2010 ISU
personal best scores Combined total 246.72 2010 Winter Olympic
P ERSONAL LIFE
Lambiel grew up in Saxon, Switzerland. He has a sister, Silvia (born in 1982), and a
brother, Christophe (born in 1989). Lambiel's mother is Portuguese. Lambiel lives in
Lausanne, Switzerland and received his "maturité" (matura) in biology and
chemistry in June 2004. Lambiel speaks French, German (not Swiss German), English,
and Portuguese fluently. He is learning Italian.
89
coach Peter Grütter /SUI/
He has recurring injuries in both his knees, requiring him to miss exhibitions and
training time. Unlike most figure skaters, Lambiel can spin and jump in both
directions.He is able to do successive double axels, changing his rotation direction
between each one. However, he has stopped training this.
In a 2008 interview, Alexei Mishin called him an "outstanding artist and spins
genius" and added that his retirement is an "immense loss". According to Mishin,
Lambiel was "strangled by the modern figure skating regulations".
Alexei Mishin
Event
World Championships
Swiss Championships
Grand Prix Final
Cup of China
Cup of Russia
Skate Canada
International
2002–
03
2003–
04
2004–
05
10th
5th
1st
4th
6th
1st
1st
4th
1st
5th
2005–
06
2nd
1st
2nd
1st
1st
2nd
2nd
2006–
07
2007–
08
3rd
5th
2nd
1st
1st
3rd
2nd
1st
1st
90
2009–
10
4th
2nd
1st
Trophée Lalique
Nebelhorn Trophy
Ondrej Nepela Memorial
Finlandia Trophy
Les Etoiles de la Glace
1st
1st
1st
C AREER AS CHOREOGRAPHER
Lambiel has also started a career as a choreographer.
He has choreographed for:Daisuke Takahashi, Denis Ten
2005.
2008.
2004.
91
2011.
92

Figure Skating

Transcription

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