group 2 - simon and garfunkel.pptx

Simon & Garfunkel Created by Group 2 Kao-­‐wei Chen, Rebecca Galarowicz, Bri@any Kelly, David Oberg, Nikolas Sell Kao-­‐wei Chen Why Simon & Garfunkel? They were one of the first folk performers make it big in the music industry and became future role models for the upcoming generaKon of folk rock singers. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SimonandGarfunkel.jpg
Background InformaKon •  Real Names •  Paul Simon •  Art Garfunkel •  Both were born 1941, sKll alive today •  First met each other in elementary school •  Realized their potenKal when singing together Doo-­‐wop songs found on the radio at an early age h@p://www.last.fm/music/Simon+&+Garfunkel/
+images/138461 Beginning of Simon & Garfunkel • 
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At age 16, they recorded their first single composed by Simon Ktled ‘’Hey Schoolgirl’’ •  Peaked at the top 50 on the Billboard under Tom & Jerry Late 50s/early 60s-­‐ both worked together ocassionally but were solo acts during this Kme 1964, release of their debut album ‘’Wednesday Morning, 3 A.M.’’ •  release did poorly 1964-­‐1965, Tom Wilson, a folk-­‐rock producer, revised Simon’s & Garfunkel’s track Ktled ‘’The Sound of Silence’’ and released it in the market •  Track rose to #1 in 1965 •  Song was edited by incorporaKng electric bass, guitar and drums The High & End Life of S&G v  1966, placed 3 albums and four singles in the top 30 of the Billboard v E.g. ‘’The Sound of Silence’’, ‘’I Am A Rock’’, and ‘’Parsely, Sage, Rosemary & Thyme’’ v  1966-­‐1969, their career was at a turning point v WriKng of songs and recording significantly took longer v Simon’s & Garfunkel’s relaKonship started souring v  1970, release of their last original album Ktled ‘’Bridge Over Troubled Water’’ v Topped US album charts for over 10 weeks v Sold over 13 million copies World Wide v Took 2 Years to record v  1970 marked the official breakup of Simon & Garfunkel Post S&G Life •  Simon & Garfunkel both pursued solo careers at the dawn of the new decade (1970s) •  Simon wrote and recorded wry and angst-­‐
filled songs sung in different ethnic accents •  Garfunkel recorded songs tended towards adult-­‐oriented pop •  1990, Simon & Garfunkel were inducted into Rock and Roll Hall of Fame •  In the 21st Century the duo reunited to put on performances around globe •  Most recent performance was in 2010 at the New Orleans Jazz and Heritage FesKval Importance of S&G •  First folk performers to reach new heights in the music industry with their album ‘’Bridge Over Troubled Water’’, which sold over 3 million copies •  Lyrics & the group have been referenced in television series such as ‘’Friends’’, ‘’The Simpsons’’, and ‘’SNL’’ h@p://www.last.fm/music/Simon+&+Garfunkel/+images/
138461 Musical Style • 
Simons and Garfunkel’s style combined elements of folk, rock, and Pop • 
Despite their clean sound, they appealed to a wide range of listeners during the tumultuous 60s • 
UKlized poeKc messages and internaKonal musical styles to modernise folk-­‐rock h@p://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/
SimonandGarfunkel.jpg/250px-­‐SimonandGarfunkel.jpg Musical Style (conKnued) • 
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The duo, were it not for Simon’s background in Pop music, may have been remembered as simply another folk act SimilariKes are apparent between Simon and Garfunkel’s music and other folk-­‐
rock of the Kme, including the story-­‐telling feel and a much calmer sound than mainstream rock ‘n’ roll Important differences are what separates this duo: –  ‘’Sound of Silence’’ is an example which clearly stands out from other folk-­‐rock, with its use of electric guitars, bass, and drums –  Their impressive use of poetry set them apart –  Ability to fuse popular sound with sophisKcated and clean song-­‐wriKng gained them a wide audience Musical Style (conKnued) • 
Other defining features of their music include: –  Close harmonies reminiscent of the Everly Brothers –  Lyrics which commonly featured social commentary (these encouraged peace and projected calm in a Kme of great poliKcal, social, and military unrest) –  In their later years, a wider range of influences from sounds around the world h@p://i2.listal.com/image/1672585/600full-­‐
simon-­‐%26-­‐garfunkel.jpg Musical Style (conKnued) •  Their innovaKve combinaKon of folk and rock music furthered the popularity of this trend during their Kme •  However, while their musical style is memorable and unique, the greatest impact of their music was a social one –  Song lyrics spoke to the counterculture of the 1960s –  Messages of their songs discouraged hate and embraced love and peace –  Even today, the feelings invoked through their music are sKll relevant and tangible to listeners Musical Style (conKnued) • 
The musical differences of Simon and Garfunkel became apparent once they broke up for good • 
Paul Simon: – 
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Clearly the driving force behind the duo’s songwriKng, this ability shone through in his solo career Achieved comparable success as a solo arKst as when he belonged to Simon and Garfunkel Incorporated more challenging aspects, such as complex Kme signatures, into his solo music His individual style was quite different as well, with influences anywhere from South Africa, to Andean mountain music, to gospel Art Garfunkel: –  Went on to a far less successful solo career –  Dabbled in acKng and some singing h@p://greenobles.com/data_images/paul-­‐
simon/paul-­‐simon-­‐05.jpg h@p://www.nndb.com/people/
724/000022658/garfunkel-­‐
sm.jpg Other ArKsts of the Period Although Simon & Garfunkel had one of the most unique folk rock sounds, there are several arKsts with similariKes including the Beatles, The Lovin’ Spoonful, The Mama’s & The Papa’s, and Bob Dylan. Concurrent Music-­‐ The Beatles • The Beatles’ Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band album set the precedent for concept albums like Simon & Garfunkel’s Bookends album. •  “Old Friends” has a large orchestra accompaniment that builds a wall of sound, similar to “A Day in the Life” by the Beatles http://www.pollsb.com/photos/o/320202sgt_pepper_s_lonely_hearts_club_band.jpg
Concurrent Music-­‐ The Lovin’ Spoonful • The Lovin’ Spoonful were a folk rock group with a similar sound to Simon & Garfunkel • Their song “Daydream”, has a similar sound and instrumentaKon to Simon and Garfunkel’s “Mrs. Robinson” http://image.lyricspond.com/image/t/artist-the-lovin-spoonful/album-the-lovinspoonful-greatest-hits/cd-cover.jpg
Concurrent Music-­‐ The Mamas & The Papas http://www.jasondunn.com/albumart/images/
the_mamas_and_the_papas_california_dreamin__1994.jpg
•  The Mamas and the Papas’ folk rock music was similar to Simon & Garfunkel’s in its sound and form. •  Their song “California Dreamin’” has a similar form to Simon & Garfunkel’s “America”. Concurrent Music-­‐ Bob Dylan •  Bob Dylan was one of the major influences of the folk music movement, and is even considered one of the creators of folk rock •  His lyrics influenced many of the arKsts of the Kme including Simon and Garfunkel, who did covers of Dylan’s songs in their early career. http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_Zde-OxOYou4/TINiSHncTJI/
AAAAAAAAA78/nBCP-n3nurI/s1600/bob_dylan6.jpg
Concurrent Music: Everly Brothers •  The Everly Brothers melded country with the emerging rock and roll of the fisies and greatly influenced Simon and Garfunkel through their style •  Cover songs •  Toured with Simon and Garfunkel (in support) on their Old Friends Tour •  “Hey Schoolgirl”, “Bye, Bye Love”, “Wake Up Li@le Susie” http://progbeat-vvche.blogspot.com/2010/08/everlybrothers-two-yanks-in-england.html
Concurrent Music: Peter, Paul and Mary http://greenobles.com/photos/peter,paul-and-mary/01/
•  A folk singer, a comedian, and a Broadway actress created one of the most popular folk group that created contemporary folk music •  Helped launch many songwriter’s careers •  Influenced Simon and Garfunkel’s folk roots and musical style Popular Music of that Time Period •  Other popular arKsts during the Kme period of Simon and Garfunkel include: – 
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Rolling Stones Bob Dylan Beach Boys Beatles Jimi Hendrix Led Zeppelin The Who Jackson Five http://emol.org/music/tina/
peterpaulmary.html
http://whitgunn.freeservers.com/
Davemusic/L/led-zeppelin/ledzeppelin-iv.html
http://www.clashmusic.com/artists/
the-beach-boys
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
The_Beatles
PoliKcal & Social Influences •  Simon and Garfunkel were known for their strong poliKcal views in their music. In the Kme period when they became a group, there was a change in music. People started wriKng what they called ‘Protest Songs’. A Protest Song is a song that is associated with a movement of social change. http://blog.interexchange.org/career-training-usa/
2012/05/10/u-s-involvement-in-the-vietnam-war/
http://www.britannica.com/blogs/2009/01/2-thevietnam-war-top-10-mistakes-by-us-presidents/
PoliKcal & Social Influences (conKnued) •  Some of Simon and Garfunkel’s “Protest Songs” would include: –  Seven O Clock News/Silent Night •  Was for the general condemnaKon of the war –  Sound of Silence •  This song was not intended to be an anK-­‐war song but people of that Kme interpreted it that way –  Last Night I Had the Strangest Dream •  At the end of the song it says “I dreamed the world had all agreed to put an end to war” PoliKcal & Social Influences (conKnued) •  Some poliKcal and social events of that Kme period that had an affect on some of their music include: –  The war in Vietnam –  The Cold War –  Civil Rights Act of 1964 –  John F. Kennedy’s Presidency –  NaKonal VoKng Rights Act of 1965 Musical Analysis: Sound of Silence revised rock-­‐folk version •  Instrumenta*on: acousKc version “over-­‐
dubbed” with electric bass, electric guitar and drums to transform it into the revised rock-­‐
folk version •  Meter and Beat Subdivision: Quadruple meter with duple subdivision –  Strongest beats are on 2 and 4 (backbeat) –  Two equal notes Musical Analysis: Sound of Silence revised rock-­‐folk version •  Texture: homophony, with melody and accompaniment –  Paul and Art harmonized, creaKng chords •  Form –  macrostructure: ABAAB –  Microstructure: aabbcde and aabbccd Musical Analysis: Sound of Silence revised rock-­‐folk version (a) Hello darkness, my old friend (a) I’ve come to talk to you again (b) Because a vision sosly creeping (b) Les its seed while I was sleeping (c) And the vision that was planted in my brain (d) SKll remains (e) Within the sound of silence (a) In restless dreams I walked alone (a) Narrow streets of cobblestone (b) “Neath the halo of a street lamp (b) I turned my collar to the cold and damp (c) When my eyes were stabbed by the flash of the neon light (c) That split the night (d) And touched the sound of silence (a) And in the naked light I saw (a) Ten thousand people, maybe more (b) People talking without speaking (b) People hearing without listening (c) People wriKng songs that voices never share (d) And no one dared (e) Disturb the sound of silence (a) “Fools,” said I, “You do not know (a)  Silence like a cancer grows (b) Hear my words that I might teach you (b) Take my arms that I might reach you” (c) But my words like silent raindrops fell (d) And Echoed (e) In the wells of silence (a) And the people bowed and prayed (a) To the neon god they made (be) and the sign flashed out its warning (b) In the words that it was forming (c) And the sign said, “the words of the prophets are wri@en on the subway walls (d) And tenement halls” (e) And whispered in the sounds of silence. Text CitaKon Biography (2012). The Official Simon & Garfunkel Site. Retrieved May 29, 2012 from h@p://
www.simonandgarfunkel.com/us/content/biography. Birkline, R. (2003). Protest music. Retrieved from h@p://www.shsu.edu/~lis_fwh/book/american_renaissance /Protest%20Music2.htm Cooke, D. (2000). Folk Music. In S. Pendergast & T. Pendergast (Eds.), St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture (Vol. 2, pp. 123-­‐126). Detroit: St. James Press. Fontenot, R. (2012). Profile: Simon and Garfunkel. Retrieved from: h@p://oldies.about.com/od/60srockers/p /simongarfunkel.htm. Hochadel. L., A. (n.d.) Simon and Garfunkel: arKsts of all the ages. Wright State University. Retrieved from h@p://www.wright.edu/cola/Dept/eng/blakelock/rockweb2/rockpgs/w97/hochade1b.html Holden, S. (2012). Paul Simon. In Encyclopedia Bri@anica. Retrieved from: h@p://www.britannica.com/ EBchecked/topic/545201/Paul-­‐Simon. Jayatunge, R. (2010). Simon and Garfunkel – Beyond Music and Rhythm. Lankaweb. Retrieved from h@p://
www.lankaweb.com/news/items/2010/04/20/simon-­‐and-­‐garfunkel-­‐beyond-­‐music-­‐and-­‐ rhythm/. Kingston, V. (1998). Simon and Garfunkel: The Biography. New York: From InternaKonal McLeod, K. (2000). Simon and Garfunkel. In S. Pendergast & T. Pendergast (Eds.), St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture (Vol. 4, pp. 399-­‐401). Detroit: St. James Press. Text CitaKon (conKnued) Santoro, G. (2011). Paul Simon: A Life. American History, 46(1), 73. Scoppa, Bud (2010). Simon & Garfunkel Biography. Rock And Roll Hall of Fame + Museum. Retrieved May 29, 2012 fromh@p://rockhall.com/inductees/simon-­‐and-­‐garfunkel/bio/. Simon and Garfunkel: Biography (n.d.). Guardian. Retreived from h@p://www.guardian.co.uk/music/ simonandgarfunkel/. Simon & Garfunkel Career Timeline (2012). The Official Simon & Garfunkel Site. Retrieved May 29, 2012 from h@p://www.simonandgarfunkel.com/us/Kmeline. Streich, M. (2010). Vietnam war protest music. American History Suite 101. Retrieved from h@p://suite101. com/arKcle/vietnam-­‐war-­‐protest-­‐music-­‐a241943 Stuessy, J. Lipscomb, S. Rock and Roll: Its History and StylisKc Development. Pearson. The 1960s Arts and Entertainment: Topics in the News. (2003). In J. L. Carnagie, R. Nagel, S. Pendergast, & T. Pendergast (Eds.), UXL American Decades (Vol. 7, pp. 8-­‐20). Detroit: UXL. Unterberger, R. (2012). Simon & Garfunkel. All Music. Retrieved from h@p://www.allmusic.com/arKst/simon-­‐
garfunkel-­‐mn0000038936. Unterberger, R (n.d.). Simon & Garfunkel: Similar ArKsts. Retrieved from h@p://www.allmusic.com/arKst/ simon-­‐garfunkel-­‐mn0000038936/related Warner, Jay (n.d.). Peter, Paul and Mary. Retrieved from h@p://www.vocalgroup.org/inductees/ peter_paul_mary.html Image CitaKon 320202-­‐sgt_pepper_s_lonely_hearts_club_band [JPEG file] (n.d.). Pollsb. Retrieved from h@p://
www.pollsb.com/photos/o/320202-­‐sgt_pepper_s_lonely_hearts_club_band.jpg Akingtoniex (May 10, 2012). Interexchange Blog. Retrieved from h@p://blog.interexchange.org/career-­‐training-­‐
usa/2012/05/10/u-­‐s-­‐involvement-­‐in-­‐the-­‐vietnam-­‐war/ Alvarez, Tina (1996). Three & A Half Decades of Peter, Paul & Mary. Peter, Paul and Mary. Retrieved from h@p://emol.org/music/Kna/peterpaulmary.html Bob_dylan6 [JPEG file] (n.d.). BlogPost. Retrieved from h@p://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ZdeOxOYou4/TINiSHnc TJI/AAAAAAAAA78/nBCPn3nurI/s1600/bob_dylan6.jpg Cd-­‐cover [JPEG file] (n.d.). Lyrics Pond. Retrieved from h@p://image.lyricspond.com/image/t/arKst-­‐the-­‐lovin-­‐
spoonful/album-­‐the-­‐lovin-­‐spoonful-­‐greatest-­‐hits/cd-­‐cover.jpg Craughwell, Thomas (Janurary 22, 2009). #2: The Vietnam War (Top 10 Mistakes by U.S. Presidents). Britannica Blog. Retrieved from h@p://www.britannica.com/blogs/2009/01/2-­‐the-­‐vietnam-­‐war-­‐top-­‐10-­‐
mistakes-­‐by-­‐us-­‐presidents/ Full-­‐simon-­‐garfunkel [JPEG File] (n.d.).Listal. Retrieved from h@p://i2.listal.com/image/1672585/600full-­‐simon-­‐
%26-­‐garfunkel.jpg Garfunkel-­‐sm [JPEG file] (n.d.). NNDB. Retrieved from h@p://www.nndb.com/people/724/000022658/ garfunkel-­‐sm.jpg Led Zeppelin IV (March 27, 2011). Led Zeppelin. Retrieved from h@p://whitgunn.freeservers.com/Davemusic/
L/ led-­‐zeppelin/led-­‐zeppelin-­‐iv.html Image CitaKon (conKnued) Paul-­‐Simon-­‐05 [JPEG file] (n.d.). Greenobles. Retrieved from h@p://greenobles.com/data_images/paul-­‐
simon/paul-­‐simon-­‐05.jpg Peter, Paul And Mary (n.d.). Greenobles. Retrieved from h@p://greenobles.com/photos/peter,paul-­‐and-­‐
mary/01/ SimondandGarfunkel [JPEG file] (n.d.). Wikimedia. Retrieved from h@p://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ commons/thumb/e/e5/SimonandGarfunkel.jpg/250px-­‐SimonandGarfunkel.jpg The Beach Boys Surfin’American Hit Makers (n.d.). The Beach Boys. Retrieved from h@p://www.clashmusic. com/arKsts/the-­‐beach-­‐boys The Beatles (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved from h@p://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles The_mamas_and_the_papas_california_dreamin_1994 [JPEG file] (n.d.). Retrieved from h@p://www.jason dunn.com/albumart/images/the_mamas_and_the_papas_california_dreamin__1994.jpg Xpre|eststar (March 04, 2007). Simon & Garfunkel Pictures. Last F.M. Retrieved May 29, 2012 from h@p://
www.last.fm/music/Simon+&+Garfunkel/+images/138461 Vvche (August 29, 2010). The Everly Brothers – Two Yanks in England in 1966 (USA, Beat, Rockabilly). Music 60-­‐
70. Retrieved from h@p://progbeat-­‐vvche.blogspot.com/2010/08/everly-­‐brothers-­‐two-­‐yanks-­‐in-­‐
england.html Long Live Simon & Garfunkel