Muslim Poli0cs and Popular Culture in Malaysia PAS, Hudud, and

Muslim Poli*cs and Popular Culture in Malaysia PAS, Hudud, and Rock 'n' Roll
Dr. des. Dominik M. Müller
Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center
Southeast Asia Forum Seminar
February 26, 2013 1 MALAYSIAN GOVERNMENT (1957 -­‐ ) •  United Malays Na0onal Organisa0on, UMNO (Coali0on: Barisan Nasional / Na0onal Front, BN) ISLAMIC OPPOSITION PARTY •  Par, Islam Se-­‐Malaysia / Pan-­‐Malaysian Islamic Party, PAS 2 PAS Founded in 1951 Harakah Islamiyah – Islamic Movement Picture © : D.M 3 POST-­‐ISLAMISM -­‐  Asef Bayat (2007) “the appeal, energy, and sources of legi,macy of Islamism are exhausted, even among its once ardent supporters. (…) Islamism becomes compelled, both by its own internal contradic,ons and by societal pressure, to reinvent itself, but it does so at the cost of a qualita,ve shiG (…) [towards a project, D.M.] that emphasizes religiosity, individual choice, and human rights, as well as plurality in place of a singular authorita,ve Islamist voice.” (Bayat 2007:10-­‐11) •  “analy,c concept” (Bayat 2005: 10) •  “metamorphosis of Islamism (in ideas, approaches and prac,ces) from within and without” (Bayat 2005: 5) •  “change in the nature of Islamism (...) from a poli,cal project challenging the state to one concerned with personal piety.” (Bayat 2007: 146) 4 POST-­‐ISLAMISM -­‐  Olivier Roy: “collapse of Islamism as a poli,cal ideology“ (Roy 2013: 16) -­‐  Islamism “lost credibility” especially among the educated youth (Roy 2012: 9) -­‐  moderniza0on has undermined the Islamist “top-­‐down, authoritarian system of knowledge transmission” (Roy 2012: 8) 5 POST-­‐ISLAMISM -­‐  “Whatever happened to the Islamists?”; “lure of consumerist Islam” (Boubekeur and Roy 2012, eds.) -­‐  “a younger post-­‐Islamist genera,on which has used Facebook and social networking, not to talk about the Islamic State, but to join global discourses on freedom and pluralist socie,es” (Boubekeur and Roy 2012: 13) 6 SECOND WAVE OF ISLAMISM -­‐ “actors of Islam blend into modern urban spaces, use global communica,on networks, […] follow consump,on paSerns, learn market rules, […] get acquainted with values of individua,on, professionalism, and consumerism, and reflect upon their new prac,ces. Hence we observe a transforma,on of these movements from a radical poli,cal stance to a more social and cultural orienta,on, accompanied by a loss of mass mobiliza,on capacity […]” (Göle 2002:174) 7 MALAYSIA Data Source: The World Factbook (2000 census) 8 Data Source: The World Factbook (2000 census) 9 PAS 10 Pictures © : D.M Nik Abdul Aziz Nik Mat PAS Spiritual Leader (Mursyidul ‘Am) Abdul Hadi Awang PAS President (Presiden PAS) 11 Pictures : D.M Opposi*on Coali*on Pakatan Rakyat (People‘s Alliance) -­‐  PAS (Par, Islam Se-­‐Malaysia, Pan-­‐Malaysian Islamic Party): Islamic, dominated by ethnic Malays -­‐  DAP (Democra0c Ac0on Party): Secularist, dominated by ethnic Chinese -­‐  PKR (Par0 Keadilan Rakyat, People‘s Jus0ce Party): mul0-­‐ideological, mul0-­‐ethnic; led by Anwar Ibrahim 12 GENERAL ELECTIONS 2004 PAS: Votes: 15.2: % (Total votes: 1,051,480) Seats: 7 % of Seats: 3% UMNO: Votes: 35.9 (Total votes: 2,483,249) Seats: 109 % of Seats: 49.8 % 2008 PAS: Votes: 14,05% (Total votes: 1,140,676) Seats: 23 (PLUS 16 SEATS) % of Seats: 10.4 UMNO: Votes: 29.33 % (Total votes: 2,381,725 ) Seats: 79 (MINUS 30 SEATS) % of Seats: 35.6 13 Dr. Dzulkefly Ahmad (“Dr. Dzul“) PAS MP, “PAS Erdogan“/“Properubahan The Islamic State “is a distant goal. […] It may be our lifelong aspira,on. But by looking at our demographics, it is only academic to us […] It remains as a utopian dream. But in realpoli,k, it makes no sense for us to keep on harping on it […]” (taken from his weblog; September 16, 2010) 14 Picture: Weblog “Dr. Dzul (hgp://drdzul.com/) THE PAS YOUTH (Dewan Pemuda PAS) 15 Pictures : D.M Ustaz Nasrudin bin Hassan “at-­‐Tantawi“ PAS Youth Chief (Ketua Pemuda), 2009 -­‐ 16 Picture : D.M Nasrudin Hassan Tantawi -­‐  “there is always a way to implement an Islamic State” (“Jalan untuk Negara Islam sen,asa ada”) -­‐  “the sovereignty of Islam can only be realized under an Islamic State” (“Kedaulatan Islam hanya dapat direalisasikan apabila kita memiliki Daulah Islamiyah [Negara Islam]”). -­‐  “duty of the community of believers to struggle for the realiza*on of an Islamic State” (“suatu kewajipan bagi ummat Islam“) -­‐  PAS is the “wing of one global Islamic movement”, which was born from the demise of the Islamic Caliphate and aspired to “build a new Caliphate” (“PAS adalah sayap dan jentera sebuah gerakan Islam sedunia yang (…) lahir daripada keruntuhan yang menuntut binaan baru ke atas khilafah Islamiyah“) Taken from: “PAS sebagai Harakah Islamiyyah: Peranan dan tuntutan“, Dec. 01, 2010 “Jalan Untuk Negara Islam Senan0asa Ada“, Feb 02, 2011 (distributed via Tantawi‘s weblog, PAS Youth homepages, Facebook, etc.) ,17 PAS Youth Central Commigee usrah mee0ng Kuala Lumpur, December 2009 Pictures © : D.M 18 Murnikan Perjuangan,
Maknakan Kemenangan
( “Purify the Struggle, Bring About Victory“) 19 XPDC Dakwah Tahun Baru 2009/2010 20 Pictures © : D.M XPDC Dakwah Tahun Baru 2009/2010 Pictures © : D.M 21 Kamaruzaman Mohamad “We consistently protest a bad concert. Like Rihanna. (…) Now we have moral problems, social problems, bringing in another bad element will make it worse. (…) The Rihanna issue is not a small issue actually. Because this brings a very [bad] value to the public.” Interview, Kuala Lumpur, December 19, 2009. Picture: D.M. 22 23 Khairul Faizi PAS Youth Secretary General (Se0ausaha) Picture: D.M. 24 Picture: Khairul Faizi (PAS) OLEY!!: HUDUD ALLAH -­‐ A YouToube-­‐short film to explain hudud law (“Sebuah filem pendek yang menerangkan hudud secara umum”) Source: YouTube, hgp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HLPN09XzoaM 26 •  . 27 Picture: PAS social media Pictures: PAS social media 28 The PAS Phone launched by PAS President Abdul Hadi Awang at the PAS General Assembly 2010 Pictures : D.M Picture: PAS/D.M. CONCLUSION Post-­‐Islamism Observed? 31 Thank you Pictures: D.M. 32