Kent Introl 12 pp 2

Transcription

Kent Introl 12 pp 2

Globe/Angle Cage Guided Valves
Series 12 & 72
Technical Bulletin T12/72 - 1205
Welcome to Koso Kent Introl Limited
Recently acquired by Nihon Koso Co. Ltd. of Japan, Koso Kent Introl Ltd is based in Brighouse West
Yorkshire. Originally formed in 1967 under the name of Introl Ltd, it has seen various changes over the years.
Each change has seen the company become much stronger and well positioned to meet the demands of a
forever changing market place.
Koso Kent Introl specialises in the supply of Standard
Service Control Valves, Severe Service Control Valves
and High Technology Surface Choke Valves. We have
gained a reputation for supplying specially designed high
quality valves for the most onerous service conditions.
With operating facilities worldwide, Nihon Koso’s
goal is “to achieve the possibilities of the future
as we exceed the expectations of today”.
The Koso Group of Companies
The Koso group of companies specialise in the Controls and Process Automation Systems market. The key
products and services that we provide are; Control Valves, High Technology Surface Choke Valves, Actuators,
Instrumentation, Factory Automation Systems, Chemical Pumps and Production Services.
4
9
3
1
7 10
2
8
12
11
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1 Koso International Inc.
Pacific Seismic Products Inc.
6 Koso Controls Asia Pte. Ltd.
9 Ar-Koso Automatic Control
Instrument Co. Ltd.
Koso Kent Introl Ltd. Singapore Office.
10 Korea Koso Co. Ltd.
2 Koso America Inc. Houston Office.
7 Nihon Koso Co. Ltd Beijing Office.
3 Koso America Inc.
8 Koso Control Engineering (Wuxi) Co. Ltd.
Korea Koso Engineering Co. Ltd.
4 Koso Kent Introl Ltd.
Koso Control Engineering Co. Ltd.
11 Hangzhou Hangyang Koso Pump &
Valve Co. Ltd.
5 Koso Fluid Controls PVT Ltd.
Wuxi Koso Valve Castings Co. Ltd.
12 Nihon Koso Co. Ltd.
Kent Introl PVT Ltd.
1
CONTENTS
PAGE
• Trim Options
4
• Liquid Service Trim Selection
5
• Gas Service Trim Selection
8
• Design Cv Tables
9
• Selection Guidelines
12
• Dimensions
15
Cage Guided Valves
KKI’s core product is the Series 12/72 range of cage guided control valves. The designs have been
established in the Oil & Gas, Power, Petro-chemical markets for in excess of 20 years. The design was
introduced to compliment & enhance the existing product range and combines the successful high integrity
features of the Series 10 valve together with a high capacity economic design philosophy.
The Series 12/72 bodies have been designed to enable increased end connection sizes (see below) to be
easily incorporated making pipeline installation easier. There should be a cost benefit to the end user, as this
cuts down on the requirement for pipe reducers, additional gaskets and bolting. This added facility makes the
Series 12/72 valve ideally suited to high pressure drop compressible fluids as it enables the flow velocity to
be controlled through the valve by the incorporation of an increased outlet size and pressure drop elements
in the outlet end.
The Series 12/72 range of valves combines high integrity features, such as ASME VIII body/bonnet bolting design,
a high flow capacity and a wide range of trim designs. This means it is ideally suited to meet the various critical
service process control requirements that are demanded from a wide range of industry related applications.
Performance:
• Noise, cavitation control and erosion resistant trims
• Streamlined flow passages to optimise capacity
• Stable flow control with high rangeability
Design Flexibility:
• Modular construction design available with a range of different end connections and styles
• Large variation of trim designs from single stage multi-hole cage to multiple stage low noise/anticavitation trim designs
• Wide range of supplementary noise control components, silencers, dynamic attenuators
• Inherently characterised trim offered in Equal Percentage, modified Eq%, Linear, and Quick Open
• Balanced or unbalanced plug designs
• All trim components removable from the top for ease of maintenance
• Clamped in guide for ease of service
• Large range of CVs per body size allowing for large changes in process conditions
Standard Valve
Design Integrity:
• High integrity body/bonnet bolting system design to ASME VIII
• Clamped cage for positive guiding on severe service applications
• High integrity plug guiding system
• Low emission packings
Quality Assured Manufacturing:
• Rigorously tested to ensure specified performance
• Quality assurance systems in accordance with ISO 9001
• Optional full NACE MR-01-75/ISO 15156 certification
One Size Expansion
Two Size Expansion
abcdef
abcdef
2
Scope of Design
Valve Body/End Connection Sizes
• 1” to 36” (25mm to 900mm) nominal bore
Valve Body Ratings
• ANSI 150 to ANSI 4500 (PN10 to PN640)
• API Ratings can also be supplied
Design Standards
• ASME B16.34
• ASME FCI 70-2 Control Valve Seat Leakage
• ASME B16.25 - Butt Weld End Valves
• ASME B16.5 - Pipe Flanges & Flange Fittings
• NACE MR-01-75/ ISO 15156
• Designs fully PED certified
Trim Designs
There are a large range of trim designs to cover the
wide range of applications encountered in the served
industries. The standard design is a low
noise/anti-cavitation trim referred to as an HF (High
Friction). This is complimented by several multi-stage
designs with up to 9 stages (20 turns) of let down.
These are described in detail within this bulletin.
Plug Designs
• Metal seated
• Soft seated
• Pilot balanced
Body Materials
The Series 12 range can be supplied in the majority of castable alloys as required by the service. All materials
used are fully PED certified. Standard materials include:
• Carbon steel -WCB/LCB/LCC
• Stainless steel - CF8M, CF3M etc.
• Chrome moly - WC6, WC9
• Duplex St.St - A995 Gr 4A/5A/6A, A351-CK- 3MCUN etc.
• High Alloys - Monel, Hastelloy B/C, Alloy 625, Alloy 825
• Aluminium bronze
• Titanium
Offset globes/Angle Valves are also available in forged and HIPed Materials.
Trim Materials
All materials compatible with the above body materials. Standard trim material combinations are given later in
this document. Stellite overlays and tungsten carbide inserts will be specified for high pressure drop and low /
high temperature applications and or where there is significant levels of contamination.
Bonnet Options
• Standard/Normalising/Cryogenic
Actuation
The standard actuation offered is a spring return diaphragm actuator. For more arduous duties where high
operating forces are encountered, piston spring return and double acting would be specified. In addition to this,
most other third party actuators can be fitted, i.e. Electric, electro-hydraulic,etc.
• ‘G’ Series spring opposed pneumatic diaphragm
• ‘C’ Series spring opposed pneumatic piston
• ‘D’ Series double acting piston
• Most third party actuators
3
Trim Options
General Description
The general features of the standard HF trim are presented in Figure 1 below. The cage is clamped in with its
flange between the body and bonnet. To ensure concentricity and support, the bottom of the cage locates on
a spigot on the screwed in seat. The lower part of the cage is drilled with a number of radial holes, over the
length of the plug travel. In Figure 1, the plug is shown in its mid position. The flow is controlled by the plug
moving up or down within the cage covering and uncovering holes to vary the flow area and consequently
the flow rate. The plug is designed to be guided within the cage, therefore clearances between the cage and
plug are critical. In order to ensure there is no galling (pick up) between the plug and cage the cage is either
hard chrome plated or the plug and/or cage are stellited. Stellite running on stellite has excellent galling
resistance. Most materials are NACE compliant. On high temperature applications, hardened materials 420
st.st. & 17/4 PH st.st. are utilised. Again these materials have excellent galling resistance.
On high duty applications the plug/cage clearance will be designed around the specified design temperature,
and a guide/damping strip may be included to give enhanced stability.
One of the common features of the various trims utilised in a Series 12/72 valve is the use of a balanced plug design.
This significantly reduces the resultant unbalanced forces acting on the valve plug. This is achieved by allowing the
same process pressure (either the inlet pressure when the flow is “under” the plug or the outlet pressure when the
flow is “over” the plug) to act equally above and below the plug. The holes shown on the top of the plug pass
through into the lower section of the plug, enabling the pressure above and below the plug to equalise. The net effect
is that unbalanced force in the open position is equal to only the stem area multiplied by the pressure.
In order to ensure that this is not a leak path when the valve is in the closed position the plug is fitted with a
plug seal, preventing axial flow between the plug and cage.
HF/XHF - High Friction
First introduced in 1969 the HF, High Friction trim is suitable for the majority of process control applications.
It is a low pressure recovery design which gives both advantageous cavitation reduction and noise reduction
when compared with standard profiled trim designs. The flow can be directed either “under” the plug (the flow
passes through the seat into the inside the cage and then through the radial holes to outside the cage), or
“over” the plug (the flow passes from the outside of the cage, through the radial holes, to the inside of the cage
and then down through the seat into the valve outlet).
Figure 1. HF Trim Design
For liquid flows “over” the plug is preferred, in this
case the flow is split into many radial jets and as the
flow passes through the cage the jets impinge upon
themselves within the confines of the cage. This is
where most of the flow energy is dissipated, and the
erosional forces will be at their highest. The flow then
exits the trim through the valve seat. This means the
valve body is protected from the effects of flow
erosion. A trim manufactured from harder materials is
more capable of handling these erosional forces. On
the more severe applications, high pressure drop,
contaminated fluids etc., the trims operational life can
be maintained by using overlays such as stellite or
tungsten carbide inserts.
On gas/vapour services, the preferred flow direction is
“under” the plug. The main reason for this is that it has
been shown that the acoustic efficiency is lower for
this flow direction. This reduction is attributed to the
smaller scale turbulence structure and higher
frequency of the flow turbulence resulting in a greater level of attenuation from the downstream pipework,
which results in a lower transmitted noise on HF designs. The HF family of trims achieve noise reduction of
between 15 to 20dBA over a conventional contoured/ported trim. In cases where further noise reduction is
required, smaller holes can be utilised in the cage. This design is referred to as the XHF. This can result in
further attenuation of up to 5 dBA.
4
Liquid Service Trim Selection
For Flashing Service/Contaminated service
Over 20 years of supplying valves into the oil and gas retrieval industry has resulted in KKI gaining a great depth
of knowledge in providing solutions for arduous service applications. There is no hard/fast rule in identifying a
severe service application. However, we may assume the following as potentially severe liquid services.
• Pressure drop > 50 bar (700 psi)
• Flashing services PV - P2 > 30 bar (435 psi)
• Multi-phase P1 - P2 > 30 bar
• Contaminated Service
KKI have supplied many valves on these types of application and have from experience identified that on
flashing, multi-phase and contaminated services there can be a detrimental performance if multi-stage trim
designs are miss-specified. The photographs below give evidence of the erosion damage that can occur in
supplying multistage trim designs on flashing and/or contaminated services.
Figure 2. Multi-stage trim - erosion damage
The reason for the accelerated wear in these cases is attributed to high inter-stage flow velocities. This will
occur on flashing service or multi-phase flows as soon as the pressure is reduced below the fluid vapour
pressure or when entrained gas is released. This results in a significant increase in the specific volume of the
fluid leading to much higher flow velocities and greater erosional forces. In recognising this problem KKI have
been able to solve many erosion problems by changing out labyrinth type/multi-stage trims to a single stage of
pressure let down incorporating tungsten carbide inserts. The success of this approach resulted in the launch
of the Choke Valve product range during the 1980’s, a product that has gained an excellent reputation.
Figure 3. Selection of trim on Contaminated Services
Pressure Drop (bar)
100
10
tungsten carbide or ceramic
base material + full stellite
base material + stellite face
base material
1
0
.0001
.001
.01
.1
(% Contamination by weight)
1
10
The above figure gives an indication of the trim material overlay/insert requirements based on the operating
pressure drop and the level of contamination. Other factors that will influence the correct material selection are
flashing or the level of entrained gas that will come out of solution as the process pressure reduces.
5
Figure 4. Trim Incorporating Tungsten carbide
Tungsten Carbide Trim Design
The above figure illustrates a carbide trim design. This design has developed over many years with essential
design criteria, interferences etc, critical to the correct operation of the valve. There are also various grades of
tungsten carbide which are selected around the specific design and depend on the process fluid being controlled.
The carbide cage being retained within a metallic cartridge is protected from impact from large debris and is
referred to as a “brick stopper”. The figure above illustrates a standard control valve seat design. KKI have a
patented seating design, used as standard in the Choke valve design, for contaminated services. This design is
known as an LCV trim, the name taken from the application it was first used on. The LCV design keeps the
throttling components away from the high velocity erosive zones by directing the flow to specific sacrificial
energy dissipating elements. The trim can be provided with or without a sacrificial plug nose.
Seat Exit Diffuser
It is recommended practice to specify angle valve design on high-pressure drop flashing/contaminated services.
However, if the installation requires a globe design then KKI recommended to use a seat exit diffuser. The
diffuser is used to prevent the high velocity fluid exiting the trim from impinging directly onto the body wall. The
diffuser handles the initial impact of the process fluid and then breaks the fluid flow into small jets directed
towards the valve outlet. The diffuser is normally manufactured from hardened materials or stellite overlayed
stainless steel to reduce the rate of erosion. For the most severe applications, the seat diffuser would
incorporate a solid tungsten carbide base.
6
Multi Stage Guides, HFD, HFT, HFL
The multi stage guides, HFD (High Friction Double), HFT (High Friction Triple) are a design enhancement on the
standard HF trim. They are used in applications where noise or cavitation would otherwise be a problem. If not
properly controlled high pressure drop liquid applications can severely damage the valve. The photograph below
shows a cage that has suffered from severe cavitation damage. It should be noted that this mechanism can occur on
relatively low pressure drops with the more conventional trims, for example contoured or ported trim designs.
Figure 5. Cavitation Damage
In order to avoid the destructive effects of cavitation it
is necessary to apportion the pressure drop across a
number of stages of let down. There are 2 different
families of trims that can be applied to this problem
as well as the Series 50/57 specialist anti-cavitation
trim design. The HFD (2 stages) and HFT (3 stages)
apportion the pressure drop equally across either 2
or 3 stages of let down. The stages are in the form of
concentric sleeves, drilled with radial holes within a
number of grooves that form distinct flow galleries.
These will be specified on the less severe
applications.
The HFL design, as illustrated in Figure 6, also
incorporates a number of concentric sleeves (2 or
more); each sleeve has a multitude of grooves
incorporating radial holes. The grooves in each sleeve
line up to create a torturous radial flow path (see
illustration Figure 8). The trim uses the principle of
controlled velocity. The holes within the sleeves are
completely misaligned to produce a tortuous path through the trim. Energy is dissipated within the cage by the
combined effect of flow splitting, flow impingement, and turning of the flow as it passes through the sleeves. There
is a large increase in flow area between the stages of let down resulting in a reduction in pressure drop as the
flow passes from one stage to the next. This significantly reduces the likelihood of cavitation, because the final
stage of let down has a relatively small pressure drop, and together with the low recovery characteristic
minimises the potential for cavitation. Figure 7 presents the difference between a single stage high recovery
trim, and a 3 stage trim with reducing stage pressure drop, e.g. the HFL3 design.
Figure 6. HFL-3 Trim Design
Figure 7. Stage Pressure Drop
HFL-3 stage pressure
drop low recovery trim
P1
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
P2
High recovery
PV
CAVITATING FLOW
P1VC
VENNA CONTRACTA
Flow Path
7
Valve
Inlet
Trim
Inlet
Valve
Outlet
Gas Service Trim Selection
Flow Path
Figure 8. Flow Path through a Low Noise Trim
The major factors to be considered in the selection of a valve trim on a gas/vapour service are aerodynamic
noise generation, vibration, and high fluid velocities. Each of these are is interrelated in that high velocities can
lead to vibration and resultant noise, but will also generate aerodynamic noise. It is therefore necessary to
control the fluid velocity through the stages of let down in the trim and also in the valve outlet and downstream
pipework. Poor installation of pipe-work, such as bends immediately before and/or after the valve can also be a
major factor in the valve functioning correctly.
KKI undertook an extensive research program during the 1980’s into Aerodynamic noise generation
within control valves. This resulted in the successful introduction of low noise trim designs referred to as HFQ1
and HFQ2. These complemented the already proven HFD and HFT trim designs that had been previously used
for low noise applications. The trims work in a similar principle to the liquid service designs in that they split
the flow up into a large number of radial jets, see Figure 8. The preferred flow direction is “under” the plug, this
enables the optimum flow area increase as the flow passes through each stage of the trim. The result is a
very low trim exit velocity and very high levels of noise attenuation. The flow geometry means the process fluid
enters the cage radially and passes through the subsequent sleeves in a tortuous path resulting in high frictional
and impingement losses. Shock wave formation is controlled by jet impingement to the sleeves, which has
been shown to have a major (advantageous) bearing on the noise generation process.
Silencers
In solving the aerodynamic noise generation problem it must also be recognised that there is a need to control
downstream velocities, otherwise high pipeline velocities can produce secondary noise which could be
significantly higher than that produced by the valve trim. It is generally accepted that to achieve a low noise
solution, the downstream velocity should be restricted to less than 0.3 times the fluid sonic velocity. This
coincides with the velocity at which compressibility effects start to become noticeable. In order to address this
problem KKI utilise downstream silencers, these are in the form of a taper pipe fitted with a number of baffle
plates (circular plates with a number of drilled holes). These are used to produce a back-pressure to the valve
and are selected so that the velocity from the trim exit to the valve outlet is less than 0.3 times Sonic velocity
(0.3 Mach). In selecting these devices it is necessary to ensure that the trim and silencer system operate
effectively over the full range of operating conditions. This approach has effectively been used by KKI for in
excess of 30 years. A large number of these units are installed in the Oil and Gas and Power sectors.
Variable Stage Guide
The variable stage guide is used on applications where multiple stages of pressure let down are required, but a
high trim capacity is desirable. The trim is therefore constructed with multiple stages of pressure let down at
lower travels, but typically is a single stage trim at higher travels. This design is suitable for controlling high
pressure drops at low flow rates and a reduced pressure drop at normal or maximum flow rate. The number of
stages of pressure let down and the actual transition between the multiple and single guides is dependent on
the process conditions, so each variable stage guide tends to be designed specifically for the application.
8
Single Stage Trim Design HF, XHF, LCV & Ported
Figure 9. Series 12 Single Stage Cv Values
Flow under or over
HF
Figure 12. Series 12/72 HF-LCV Design Cv Values
Flow over
Trim
Size
Ref
Ported
XHF
ins.
Q.O
=%
Lin.
=%
Lin.
in
=%
Lin.
=%
Lin.
1
13
9
9
1
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
Trim
Size
Ref
Steel Trim
T. Carbide Trim
14
13
1
1 /2
33
30
30
20
20
1.1/2
18
18
18
18
2
55
50
50
39
39
2
38
38
38
38
3
125
120
120
75
75
3
100
100
100
100
4
220
180
200
145
155
4
174
185
163
174
6
490
400
425
270
290
6
393
421
370
393
8
800
650
720
510
550
8
630
693
595
635
10
1250
1020
1120
810
900
10
1006
1097
944
1006
12
1810
1460
1610
1220
1350
12
1462
1593
1372
1462
14
2280
1940
2110
1690
1850
16
3000
2550
2780
2230
2430
18
3750
3180
3520
2850
3130
20
4650
3940
4360
3540
3920
24
6800
5750
6260
4760
5220
Tungsten carbide Cvs are reduced in order to ensure the
integrity of the guide is not compromised by incorporating
too much flow area.
The HF-LCV incorporates a special patented seating design
which protects the seat face and flow control surfaces. It is
usually specified on high-pressure drop contaminated services.
Figure 10. Series 72 Single Stage Cv Values
Flow under or over
Trim
Size
Ref
Ported
HF
XHF
ins.
Q.O
=%
Lin.
1
15
13
13
9
9
11/2
33
30
30
20
20
=%
Lin.
2
59
50
50
40
40
3
135
125
125
75
75
4
245
190
220
150
160
6
555
445
480
280
305
8
995
740
850
550
600
10
1560
1165
1320
880
995
12
2240
1665
1900
1330
1505
14
2905
2280
2570
1900
2135
16
3825
2985
3375
2500
2800
18
4805
3730
4310
3225
3650
20
5955
4605
5320
4000
4575
24
8700
6710
7565
5265
5905
Figure 11. Liquid Flow Velocity Limits - Body and End Connections
SERIES 12
Duplex, 2 /4 Cr Mo
SERIES 72
Ali-Bronze
WCB, St.St
Duplex, 21/4 Cr Mo
Ali-Bronze
Valve Size
WCB, St.St
in
mm
ft/s
m/s
ft/s
m/s
ft/s
m/s
ft/s
m/s
ft/s
m/s
ft/s
m/s
1-12
25-300
60
18
70
21
35
11
65
20
75
23
40
12
14-24 350-600
50
15
60
18
30
9
55
17
65
20
35
11
35
11
50
15
21
6.5
42
12.5
55
17
26
8
>25
9
1
>600
Note: This applies to uncontaminated fluids.
Multi-Stage Trim Designs for Liquid Applications
Figure 13. Series 12 Multi Stage Cv Values for
Liquid Application - Flow Over
Trim
Size
Ref
HFD
XHFD
HFT
Figure 15. Series 12&72 Variable Stage Cv values for
Liquid Applications - Flow Over
XHFT
Trim
Size
Ref
25%VHFD 50%VHFD 25%VHFD 50%VHFD
Mod EQ % Mod EQ % Mod EQ % Mod EQ %
ins.
=%
Lin.
=%
Lin.
=%
Lin.
=%
Lin.
1
10
10
7
7
8
8
6
6
1
15.5
1
1 /2
24
24
15
15
20
20
12
12
1
1 /2
34
2
38
38
30
30
32
32
25
25
2
63
15
15
14
32
33
30
60
62
55
3
95
95
55
55
80
80
45
45
3
140
135
135
130
4
140
155
110
115
115
130
90
95
4
255
245
250
240
6
320
330
205
215
270
280
170
180
6
530
510
525
500
870
850
860
840
8
520
560
395
415
440
480
330
345
8
10
820
890
630
690
695
760
525
570
10
1310
1270
1300
1250
12
1190 1260 960
1030 1005 1080
800
870
12
1750
1700
1740
1680
14
1580 1710 1340 1450 1340 1480 1125 1230
14
2330
2280
2320
2240
16
2090 2270 1780 1910 1780 1960 1500 1630
16
2960
2900
2950
2850
18
2610 2880 2260 2480 2215 2490 1900 2110
18
3710
3630
3700
3570
20
3170 3450 2800 3030 2670 2950 2340 2560
20
5070
4950
5050
4870
Note: Multi stage trim designs can only be fitted in bodies one size
up from the trim. ie. 2” Trim size Ref. fits into 3”(80mm) body.
Note: Multi stage trim designs can only be fitted in bodies one
size up from the trim.
Liquid Applications - Flow Over
Figure 16. Series 12&72 HFL Design Cv Values
- Flow Under High Performance Anti-Cavitation Trim
Trim
Size
Ref
Trim
Size
Ref
ins.
HFD
=%
Lin.
XHFD
=%
Lin.
HFT
=%
XHFT
Lin.
=%
Lin.
HFL2
ins.
=%
Lin.
HFL3
=%
Lin.
HFL4
=%
HFL5
Lin.
=%
Lin.
1
10
10
7
7
8
8
6
6
1
10
16
6
9
6
9
5
8
11/2
24
24
15
15
20
20
12
12
11/2
20
30
12
16
10
15
8
13
2
38
38
30
30
32
32
25
25
2
40
65
24
32
16
30
14
21
3
95
95
55
55
80
80
45
45
3
62
94
35
53
41
62
34
51
4
140
155
110
115
115
130
90
95
4
125
190
66
102
58
89
49
74
6
320
340
200
215
265
290
165
180
6
194
295
100
150
94
142
78
120
8
520
580
380
420
430
490
320
350
8
316
480
170
255
177
270
150
220
10
820
920
620
700
680
780
510
580
10
470
710
240
370
236
350
200
300
12
1200 1400 960
1095 1020 1190
800
915
12
605
920
350
530
302
450
252
380
14
1620 1820 1340 1510 1360 1540 1120 1270
14
910
1380 480
725
409
620
340
520
16
2160 2460 1800 2020 1820 2090 1500 1690
16
1250 1900 600
920
506
770
420
640
18
2690 2310 2310 2630 2275 2670 1930 2210
18
1420 2150 745
1130
696 1050
580
1080
20
3180 3640 2780 3160 2660 3070 2310 2640
20
2110 3200 1270 1930
971 1470
810
1200
Note: The HFL-2 and HFL-3 trims can be fitted in a minimum
body size, one size larger than the trim size, i.e. the minimum
body size for a 4” trim is 6” (150mm).
The HFL-4 and HFL-5 trims can be fitted in a minimum body
size two sizes larger than the trim size, i.e. the minimum body
size for a 4” trim is 8” (200mm).
10
Multi-Stage Trim Designs for Gas/Vapour Applications
Figure 17. Series 12&72 Multi Stage Cv Values for
Gas Vapour Applications - Flow Under
Gas Vapour Applications - Flow Over
Trim
Size
Ref
Trim
Size
Ref
HFD
XHFD
HFT
XHFT
XHFD
HFT
XHFT
ins.
=%
Lin.
=%
Lin.
=%
Lin.
=%
Lin.
ins.
=%
Lin.
=%
Lin.
=%
Lin.
=%
Lin.
1
11
11
8
8
10
10
7
7
1
9
9
6
6
7
7
4
4
1
1 /2
26
26
16
16
24
24
15
15
1
1 /2
21
21
13
13
16
16
9
9
2
40
40
32
32
38
38
30
30
2
34
34
26
26
25
25
18
18
3
102
102
60
60
95
95
55
55
3
85
85
50
50
64
64
35
35
4
155
170
120
125
140
155
110
115
4
120
140
95
100
90
100
70
75
6
340
360
225
235
320
330
205
215
6
280
300
180
190
205
220
125
140
8
570
610
435
455
520
560
395
415
8
455
520
340
370
330
380
240
270
10
900
955
695
750
820
890
630
690
10
725
825
545
620
530
605
390
450
12
1290 1350 1055 1120 1190 1260
960
1030
12
1090 1260 850
970
800
940
615
710
14
1720 1840 1470 1570 1580 1710 1340 1450
14
1440 1630 1190 1350 1060 1210
860
980
16
2260 2430 1940 2070 2090 2270 1780 1910
16
1930 2215 1000 1800 1420 1650 1160 1320
18
2800 3080 2460 2680 2610 2880 2260 2480
18
2400 2820 2060 2350 1770 2100 1500 1720
20
3450 3730 3060 3290 3170 3450 2800 3030
20
2830 3260 2460 2810 2060 2400 1780 2045
Figure 18. Series 12&72 Multi Stage Cv Values for
Figure 21. Series 12&72 Variable Stage Cv Values for
Trim
Size
Ref
HFQ1
XHFQ1
HFQ2
XHFQ2
Trim
Size
Ref.
25%VHFD 50%VHFD 25%VHFT 50%VHFT
Mod Eq % Mod Eq % Mod Eq % Mod Eq %
ins.
=%
Lin.
=%
Lin.
=%
Lin.
=%
Lin.
4
165
180
135
145
155
170
130
140
1
15.5
15.5
15.5
15
6
350
360
250
270
320
330
240
255
1.1/2
34
34
34
32
8
560
600
460
490
510
550
430
460
2
64
62
63
60
10
870
930
730
790
790
830
680
730
3
140
140
140
135
12
1230 1310 1070 1160 1100 1160
990
1050
4
260
250
255
245
14
1610 1710 1460 1560 1440 1510 1330 1400
6
530
520
530
510
16
2100 2220 1910 2030 1860 1950 1720 1810
8
880
860
870
850
18
2610 2790 2420 2580 2310 2430 2170 2290
10
1310
1290
1310
1270
12
1750
1720
1750
1700
Figure 19. Gas/Vapour Velocity Limits
- Body and End Connections
Valve
Size
11
HFD
Req.
Noise
Level
dBA
Inlet
Outlet
ft/s
m/s
ft/s
m/s
Mach
Number
All
>95
670
204
1150
350
0.65
All
<95
670
204
1150
350
0.5
1
/2” to 2”
<85
670
204
1150
350
0.4
3” to 24”
<85
670
204
1150
350
0.3
14
2340
2300
2330
2280
16
2970
2920
2960
2900
18
3720
3660
3710
3630
20
5080
5000
5070
4950
Selection Guidelines
Flanges are specified as a nominal size, the actual bore size varies with pressure class. On higher rated flanges that the flange bore can be
considerably less than the body bore area. This could lead to the flange end connection restricting the capacity of the valve. In order to ensure
this does not happen the following tables reference the standard end sizes available as a function of valve body size and pressure rating.
Figure 22. Flanged End Restrictions
Valve Body Size
Figure 23. Butt Weld End Restrictions
Available End Connection Size
in
mm
to ANSI
600
1
25
1
1
1 /2
40
1. /2
2
50
2
ANSI
900
ANSI
1500
ANSI
2500
in
mm
1
1
1
25
2, 3
1
1 /2
40
3, 4
2
50
1
1
1. /2, 2, 3 1. /2, 2, 3
1
Valve Body Size
1
2, 3, 4,
2, 3, 4
Available End Connection Size
to ANSI
600
ANSI
900
1
ANSI
1500
1
ANSI
2500
1
1
1. /2, 2, 3 1. /2, 2, 3 1. /2, 2, 3 1. /2, 2, 3, 4
1
1
2, 3, 4
1
1
2, 3, 4,
2, 3, 4
3, 4, 5, 6
3
80
3
3, 4, 6
3, 4, 6
4, 6
3
80
3, 4, 6
3, 4, 6
3, 4, 6
4, 6, 8
4
100
4
4, 6, 8
6, 8
6, 8
4
100
4, 6, 8
4, 6, 8
8, 10
6, 8, 10
6
150
6
6, 8, 10
8, 10
8, 10
6
150
6, 8, 10
6, 8, 10
8
200
8
8, 10, 12
10, 12
12, 14
8
200
8, 10, 12 8, 10, 12 10, 12, 14 12, 14, 16
10
250
10
10, 12, 14 12, 14
14, 16
10
250
10, 12, 14 10, 12, 14
12,14
14,16
12
300
12
12, 14, 16 14, 16
18, 20
12
300
12, 14, 16 12, 14, 16
14,16
18,20
8, 10, 12 8, 10, 12
14
350
14
16,18, 20 16, 18
20
14
350
14, 16, 18 16, 18, 20
16,18
20
16
400
16
18, 20, 24 20, 24
24
16
400
16, 18, 20 18,20,24
20,24
24
18
450
18
20,24
20
500
20
24
24
600
24
24
Figure 24. Bonnet/Packaging Options
Component
Below - 100oC
(-150oF)
-100oC to -20oC
(-148oF to -4oF)
-20oC to 250oC
(-4oF to 482oF)
Bonnet
Cryogenic
Normalising
Standard
Packings
PTFE Chevron
PTFE Chevron
PTFE Chevron
250oC to 400oC
(482oF to 752oF)
Above 400oC
(752oF)
Standard/Normalising Standard/Normalising
Graphite
Graphite (*)
* not suitable for oxidizing service
Figure 25. Pressure Drop Limitations
Trim
Design
HF/XHF
HFD/XHFD
HFT/XHFT
Figure 26. Standard Rangeability Valves
Flow Dir.
Liquids
Max P
(Bar)
Gases/
Vapours
Max P
(Bar)
Under
10
75*
1
Over
50*
100
3
Under
20
150*
1 /2 to 2
40:1
35:1
Over
95*
150
3 to 6
50:1
45:1
Under
30
180*
8 to 12
60:1
55:1
Over
125*
180
14 to 24
70:1
60:1
Above 24
80:1
70:1
HF4
Over
185
-
HF5
Over
230
-
HFQ1
Under
-
150
HFQ2
Under
-
180
HFL - 2
Under
80
150
HFL - 3
Under
125
180
HFL - 4
Under
140
210
HFL - 5
Under
190
230
Trim Size
Ref - in
HF / XHF single
Multi-stage
stage Standard Designs Standard
Rangeability
Rangeability
/4 to 1/2
20:1
15:1
/4 to 1
30:1
25:1
1
Note: Rangeability is the relationship between the minimum
controllable Cv and the design Cv of the trim.
Note Figure 25: 1. Pressure drop limits do not apply to flashing
applications. 2. These apply on the basis that cavitation has been
eliminated. 3. In cases of wet/saturated vapours then pressure
drops for liquids should be applied. 4. On liquid applications,
where final stage pressure drops are greater than 50 bar then
angle valves are recommended.
12
* these are the recommended flow directions for these trims.
Figure 27. Standard Material Combinations
Industry Sector
Typical Duties
Guide
316 St.St. + Hard
Standard
Plated or
Combination/NACE Chrome
17/4 PH St.St.
Plug
Stem
Seat
Temp Range
316 St.ST.
316 St.ST or 174PH St.St.
Integral with guide/
316 St.St./ 316
St.St.
-46oC to 250oC
Sea Water/Sour Gas
Duplex + Hard
Chrome Plated
Duplex
Duplex
Duplex St.St.
-46oC to 250oC
Sea Water/Sour Gas
Super Duplex +
Hard Chrome
Plated
Super Duplex
Super Duplex
Super Duplex
St.St.
-46oC to 250oC
Highly corrosive
Monel K500
Hardened
Monel 400
Monel K500
Monel;K 500
-38oC to 250oC
Highly corrosive
Hastelloy (B/C) +
Hard Chrome Plated
Hastelloy (B/C)
Hastelloy (B/C)
Hastelloy (B/C)
-40oC to 250oC
Highly corrosive
Alloy 625 + Hard
Chrome Plated
Alloy 625
Alloy 625
Alloy 625
-40oC to 250oC
Highly corrosive
Titanium /
Titanium Nitride
Titanium
Titanium
Titanium
-28oC to 250oC
Low Temp
Hard Chrome Plate
Gr. 6 Stellite
-
-
-100oC to
Cryogenic
Gr. 6 Stellite
Gr. 6 Stellite
-
-
<-100oC
Medium Temp
Hard Chrome Plate
Gr. 6 Stellite
-
-
250oC - 350oC
-
-
350oC - 400oC
-
-
-
-
Gr. 6 Stellite
-
-
Gr. 6 Stellite
-
Tungsten Carbide
Insert
-
Tungsten Carbide
Insert
-
Oil & Gas
Overlay Options
Gr. 6 Stellite
Gr. 6 Stellite
High Temp
Fast stroking time i.e
compressor re-cycle
Gr. 6 Stellite
Gr. 6 Stellite
> 1.75” (45mm) /sec
Liquids - Pressure
Gr. 6 Stellite
Drops 20 - 35 bar
(300 - 500psi)
Liquids - Pressure
Gr. 6 Stellite
Gr. 6 Stellite
Drops 35 bar
(500psi)
Liquids - Pressure Tungsten Carbide Tungsten Carbide
Drops > 150 bar
Insert
Insert
(2175 psi)
Contaminated
services
Power
Tungsten Carbide Tungsten Carbide
Insert
Insert
Feadwater
420 St.St
Hardened
Low Temp Steam
420 St.St
Hardened
420 St.St. Rc 3543 or 17-4PH
St.St. Rc 39-41
420 St.St. Rc 3543 or 17-4PH
St.St. Rc 39-41
High Temp
Cr Mo Gas
nitrided to Rc>64
Cr Mo Fully
Stellited
316
<250oC
St.St.+Colmonoy
250oC to 427oC
Carbon Steel
+Colmonoy
428oC to 595oC
316 St.St/ 316
St.St. + Stellite
431 St.St
431 St.St
431 St.St
Note: Materials listed above are suitable for most applications. Material variations are available on request. Tungsten Carbide/Ceramic
are available for high duty process applications.
Figure 28. Leakage Class Options
Plug Design
Seating Style
Piston Ring
Leakage Class
Temperature Range
Unbalanced
Metal/Metal
None
III, IV &V
Cryogenic to 5650C
Unbalanced
Metal/Soft Face
None
VI
Cryogenic to 3150C
Balanced
Metal/Metal
Graphite
III
2500C to 5650C
Balanced
Metal/Metal
Carbon/PTFE
IV & V
Cryogenic to 2650C
Balanced
Metal/Metal
Alloy 25
IV
2650C to 5650C
Pilot Balanced
Metal/Metal
Carbon
V
2650C to 5650C
Balanced
Metal/Soft Face
Carbon/PTFE
VI*
Cryogenic to 2650C
Note: For contaminated services a scraper will be incorporated within the plug seal.
* this is a special design for valve sizes up to 10” (250mm) - the application must be reviewed by Applications before specifying.
13
F
ANSI 600 PN100
/2”
15mm
F
/4”
20mm
21/8
54
Bonnet Mount Dia
ANSI 2500
ANSI 300
PN25 & 40
21/8
54
21/8
54
Bonnet Mount Dia
ANSI 900 / 1500
F
1”
21/8
54
21/8
54
Bonnet Mount Dia
(to ANSI 600)
ANSI 150 and
PN10 & 16
21/8
54
11/8
28
11/8
28
Valve Stroke
1
3
21/8
54
25mm
21/8
54
21/8
54
11/8
28
83/4
222
83/4
222
83/4
222
21/8
54
21/8
54
61/4
159
65/8
168
55/8
143
45/16
125
57/8
148
51/4
267
5
127
43/8
111
4”
6”
8”
10”
12”
14”
16”
18”
20”
24”
4”
39/16
90
213/16
71
213/16
71
21/4
57
165/8
422
6”
39/16
90
39/16
90
39/16
90
31/2
89
187/8
479
131/8
333
8
203
55/8
143
11
279
20
508
185/8
473
173/4
451
151/2
394
141/2
368
137/8
352
10
254
177/8
454
267/8
683
5
127
39/16
90
53/4
146
53/4
146
83/4
222
153/4
400
213/4
552
4
102
39/16
90
39/16
90
39/16
90
10”
295/8
752
24
610
8”
277/8
708
261/2
673
23/8
568
213/8
543
12”
53/4
146
53/4
146
39/16
90
6
152
301/2
775
201/2
521
121/2
318
321/4
819
301/2
775
29
737
14”
53/4
146
53/4
146
53/4
146
7
178
353/2
908
241/2
622
13
330
381/4
972
361/2
927
35
889
16”
53/4
146
53/4
146
53/4
146
8
203
397/8
1013
283/8
721
153/4
400
435/8
1108
415/8
1057
40
1016
18”
53/4
146
53/4
146
53/4
146
9
229
401/8
1020
281/8
714
141/4
362
491/4
1251
47
1194
453/8
1153
181/4
464
191/4
489
20”
53/4
146
53/4
146
53/4
146
10
254
425/8
1082
24”
53/4
146
53/4
146
53/4
146
12
305
461/2
1180
34
864
63
1600
60
1524
351/2
902
60
1524
581/4
1480
54
1372
521/2
1334
95/16
237
10
254
73/4
197
87/8
225
71/4
184
615/16
352
12
305
113/16
284
1011/16
271
1415/16
376
1315/16
354
131/4
337
161/8
410
151/4
387
141/2
368
191/8
486
181/4
464
171/2
889
2113/16
5548
2013/16
529
20
508
245/8
625
231/2
597
2211/16
576
281/2
724
27
686
261/4
667
311/2
800
30
762
291/8
740
80mm 100mm 150mm 200mm 250mm 300mm 350mm 400mm 450mm 500mm 600mm
3”
213/16
71
213/16
71
213/16
71
21/4
57
151/8
384
45/8
117
50mm
2”
213/16
71
40mm
11/2”
213/16
71
21/8
54
11/2
38
11/8
28
21/8
54
123/8
314
121/8
308
97/8
251
Normalising Bonnet Series
L
12 / 72 to ANSI 600
53/4
146
73/8
187
53/4
146
53/4
146
Standard Bonnet Series L
12 / 72 to ANSI 600
81/8
206
43/8
318
31/2
89
31/4
82
25/8
67
M
to ANSI 600
131/4
337
111/4
286
8 1/8
203
8
203
97/8
251
71/2
191
71/2
191
81/4
210
F
ANSI 600 PN100
113/4
298
121/2
218
10
254
3”
80mm 100mm 150mm 200mm 250mm 300mm 350mm 400mm 450mm 500mm 600mm
101/2
267
83/4
222
71/4
184
2”
50mm
91/4
235
F
ANSI 300
PN25 & 40
71/4
184
71/4
184
11/2”
40mm
1”
25mm
73/4
197
F
ANSI 150 and
PN10 & 16
/4”
3
20mm
/2”
1
15mm
Series 12
Series 72
Figure 29. Series 12&72 Common Dimensions
Figure 30. Series 72 Dimensions
14
Koso Kent Introl Limited
Armytage Road, Brighouse
West Yorkshire. HD6 1QF
Telephone: +44 (0)1484 710311
Fax: +44 (0)1484 407407
Email: [email protected]
The Company’s policy is one of continual development and the right is
reserved to modify the specifications contained herein without notice.
Internet Address
www.kentintrol.com
Copyright © Dec 2005
All rights reserved Koso Kent Introl Limited

Kent Introl 12 pp 2

Transcription

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